The general history of Spain from the first peopling of it by Tubal, till the death of King Ferdinand, who united the crowns of Castile and Aragon : with a continuation to the death of King Philip III / written in Spanish by the R.F.F. John de Mariana ; to which are added, two supplements, the first by F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo, the other by F. Basil Varen de Soto, bringing it down to the present reign ; the whole translated from the Spanish by Capt. John Stevens.

Title

The general history of Spain from the first peopling of it by Tubal, till the death of King Ferdinand, who united the crowns of Castile and Aragon : with a continuation to the death of King Philip III / written in Spanish by the R.F.F. John de Mariana ; to which are added, two supplements, the first by F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo, the other by F. Basil Varen de Soto, bringing it down to the present reign ; the whole translated from the Spanish by Capt. John Stevens.

Author

Mariana, Juan de, 1535-1624.

Publication

London :: Printed for Richard Sare ... and Thomas Bennet ...,

1699.

Rights/Permissions

To the extent possible under law, the Text Creation Partnership has waived all copyright and related or neighboring rights to this keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above, according to the terms of the CC0 1.0 Public Domain Dedication (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/). This waiver does not extend to any page images or other supplementary files associated with this work, which may be protected by copyright or other license restrictions. Please go to http://www.textcreationpartnership.org/ for more information.

Subject terms

Spain -- History.

Link to this Item

https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A51926.0001.001 content_copy

Cite this Item

"The general history of Spain from the first peopling of it by Tubal, till the death of King Ferdinand, who united the crowns of Castile and Aragon : with a continuation to the death of King Philip III / written in Spanish by the R.F.F. John de Mariana ; to which are added, two supplements, the first by F. Ferdinand Camargo y Salcedo, the other by F. Basil Varen de Soto, bringing it down to the present reign ; the whole translated from the Spanish by Capt. John Stevens." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A51926.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed April 26, 2025. content_copy

Contents

• title page
• TO THE Right Honourable CHARLES, Earl of Dorset and Middlesex, &c.
• THE PREFACE.
• TABLE of Chapters to MARIANA.
• history
  • THE HISTORY OF SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. Of the first Peopling of Spain by Tubal, of the Fruitfulness of the Soil, its Situation and Circumference; and of its principal Mountains and Rivers.
    • CHAP. II. Of the Ancient and Modern Division of Spain, of the Languages used there, and of the Customs of the Spaniards.
    • CHAP. III. Of the Fabulous Kings of Spain, of the Geryons, of King Hispa∣lus, and the Death of Hercules, and of Hesperus, Atlas, and Siculus, Kings of Spain.
    • CHAP. IV. Of the coming of several Nations into Spain, as the Celts, Rhodians, Carthaginians, and Phenicians, also of Abides, and a wonderful Dearth.
    • CHAP. V. Of the Age of Argantonius, the Phenicians Attempt to Sub∣due all Spain, but being Repuls'd, sent for Aid to the Car∣thaginians, who Ravage the Country, but sustain great loss from the Natives.
    • CHAP. VI. The Carthaginians make War upon the Phenicians; Peace made, in which, the latter become Subject to the former. Sappho comes into Spain; Discoveries made by Himilco and Hanno.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. 1. Actions of the Spaniards in Sicily. The Government of Hanno. An Embassy sent to Alexander the Great. The first Roman and Carthaginian War.
    • CHAP. II. The second coming of Hamilcar. Asdrubal succeeds him. His Preparations for the Roman War, and Death.
    • CHAP. III. The beginning, progress, and end of the Saguntine War, with the utter Extirpation of that City.
    • CHAP. IV. The beginning of the second Roman, and Carthaginian War. Hannibal Marches through France into Italy. Some of his Actions there, and of the Scipio's in Spain.
    • CHAP. V. Asdrubal designing to March through France, into Italy, is defeated by the two Scipio's, who after that overthrow Mago, and rout the Carthaginians a third time at Biger∣ra, but are at last themselves vanquish'd and slain.
    • CHAP. VI. Lucius Marcius checks the progress of the Carthaginians, and gives them a great Overthrow. First Nero, then Publius Scipio comes into Spain, and takes Car∣thagena.
    • CHAP. VII. Publius Scipio Routs Asdrubal, and drives the Carthaginians quite out of Spain; other notable Actions of his there. Cornelius Lentulus, and Lucius Manlius suc∣ceed him, and Overthrow the Spaniards that had Revolted.
    • CHAP. VIII. The Spaniards Revolting are again subdu'd by the Romans. Cato being Consul comes into Spain. Several Pretors succeed. Their Government and Actions.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The first War of Numantia, and Peace concluded with that City. The War in Lu∣sitania, and other Parts, and Treachery of the Pretor Sergius Galba.
    • CHAP. II. Viriatus his Original and actions against the Romans. The Government of several Roman Generals, and among them of Metellus and Pompey, and Death of Viriatus.
    • CHAP. III. The second War betwixt Rome, and Numantia. The Consul Mancinus, concludes a dishonourable Peace with that People, and is therefore deliver'd up to them. Sci∣pio Africanus sent against them. The City destroy'd.
    • CHAP. IV. Other Occurrences in Spain after the War of Numantia. The beginning of the War of Sertorius. His Actions, Defeat, and Death.
    • CHAP. V. Pompey appeases the Troubles in Spain. Julius Caesar comes into Spain. The beginning of the Civil Wars there. Pompey's Generals defeated, and the whole Country reduced by Julius Caesar, who returns to Rome.
    • CHAP. VI. Longinus Governs Spain. His Actions. The War betwixt Caesar, and Pompey's Sons. The famous Battle of Munda. Caesar returns Victorius to Rome.
    • CHAP. VII. Other Commotions in Spain after the Death of Caesar, the beginning of the Empire of Augustus, and War of Cantabria.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The Birth of Christ our Lord. The Death of Augustus, and Reigns of the Emperors Tiberius, Caligula, and Claudius. With an Account of the coming of St. James the Apostle into Spain; and first Preaching of the Gospel.
    • CHAP. II. The Reigns of the Emperours Nero, Galba, Otho, Vitellius, Vespasian, and Titus, with an Account of the Colonies, Free Towns, and Courts of Judicature then in Spain.
    • CHAP. III. The Reigns of the Emperors, Domitian, Nerva, Trajan, Adrian, Antoninus Verus, Marcus Aurelius, and Commodus, the Persecutions under them, the build∣ing of the City Leon, and rise of the Heresie of the Gnosticks.
    • CHAP. IV. The Reigns of the Emperors, Pertinax, Severus, Caracalla, Macrinus, Heliogabalus, Alexander Severus, Maximinus, Gordianus, Philip, Decius, Trebonianus Gallus, and Aemilianus.
    • CHAP. V. The Reigns of the Emperors Valerianus, Galienus, Flavius, Aurelianus, Tacitus, Florianus, Probus, Carus, Carinus, Dioclesian, and Maximian, Constantius, and Galerius, Maximinus, and Licinius.
    • CHAP. VI. The Reign of the Glorious Constantine the Great, the first Christian Emperor. The Arian Heresie. And first General Council of Nice.
    • CHAP. VII. The Reigns of the Emperors, Constantine, Constantius, and Constans, Julian the Apostate, Jovianus, Valentinian, and Valens.
    • CHAP. VIII. The Reighs of the Emperors, Gratianus, Valentinian, Theodosius, Arcadius, and Honorius.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The coming of several Barbarous Nations into Spain, as the Vandals, Alans, Sue∣vians, Silingians, and Goths. Their Original, and where they settled.
    • CHAP. II. The Goths Vanquish and Subdue all the other Barbarous Nations in Spain. The Vandals after this Successful, go over into Africk. The rise of the Kingdom of the Suevians.
    • CHAP. III. The Reigns of the Kings Theodoredus, Torismund, and Theodorick. Attila King of the Huns, twice Routed. The General Council of Chalcedon.
    • CHAP. IV. The Death of King Theodorick; and Reigns of Euricus, and Alaricus. The Goths twice Overthrown by the Franks.
    • CHAP. V. The Reign of the Kings Gesaleycus, Theodorick, and Amalaricus. Several Spanish Synods. Defeat of the Franks. And Tryal by Ordeal.
    • CHAP. VI. The Reigns of Theudis, and Theudiselus, Agila, and Athanagildus. A great Plague, The 5th General Council. An Interregnum. And the Conversion of the Suevians.
    • CHAP. VII. Of the two Sisters, Galsuinda and Brunechilda. The Reigns of the Kings Liuva and Leuvigildus. This last, makes his two Sons his Companions in the Throne.
    • CHAP. VIII. Ermenegildus Son to Leuvigildus, Marries the Lady Ingundis, is Converted to the Catholick Faith, is Besieg'd by his Father in Sevil, taken Prisoner, and put to Death by him.
    • CHAP. IX. The remaining part of the Reign of King Leuvilgildus. He Persecutes the Catholicks. Subdues the Suevians. His Death, and Causes of his Conversion.
    • CHAP. X. The Reign of Recaredus, his and his Peoples Conversion. Conspiracies against him detected and punished. He overthrows the Franks. The third Council of Toledo.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The remaining Actions of King Recaredus. He Marries Clodosinda, Sister to Childebert, King of Lorrain. His Death. Original of Dukes and Counts.
    • CHAP. II. The Reigns of the Kings Liuva, Witericus, Gundemarus, Sisebutus, and Recare∣dus the Second; several Synods, the Jews Banish'd Spain.
    • CHAP. III. The Reigns of the Kings Suinthila, Rechimirus, Sisenandus, and Chintila. The Ro∣mans quite expell'd Spain. Three Synods at Toledo.
    • CHAP. IV. The Reigns of the Kings Tulga, Chindasuinthus, and Recesuinthus. Several Synods of Toledo. Increase of the Mahometan Power. The Election and Coro∣nation of King Wamba.
    • CHAP. V. The War with the Rebels in Gallia Gothica. Paul Wamba's General joins with them. The King marches against them, and reduces all the Country to his Obedience.
    • CHAP. VI. Wamba returns into Spain. Punishes the Heads of the Rebels. His publick Works. Eleventh Council of Toledo. A great Fleet of Sarazens Destroyed. Wamba deposed, Ervigius Ʋsurps the Crown.
    • CHAP. VII. The Reigns of the Kings, Ervigius, and Egica.
    • CHAP. VIII. The Reign of King Witiza. Roderick ascends the Throne, ravishes Count Julian's Daughter, and breaks open an old Castle at Toledo, said to be Inchanted.
    • CHAP. IX. The first coming of the Moors into Spain. They prove successful, and flock over in great multitudes. King Roderick overthrown in a great Battle. His Death. The Moors over-run the greatest part of Spain.
    • CHAP. X. The Moor Muza comes over with Supplies. His Actions. The Moorish Computation of Years, called Hegira. Abdalasis Son to Muza, his Actions. End of Count Julian, and his Family. Deplorable state of Spain.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. Prince Pelayus or Pelagius takes up Arms against the Moors. Is declared King, and miraculousty Vanquishes the Insidels. The Death of Muza. Alahor Governs Spain.
    • CHAP. II. Pelayus his Power increases, he takes several Towns. His Death. The short Reign and Death of Favila. Several Moorish Governours in Spain. Actions of the Infi∣dels in France.
    • CHAP. III. The Reign of D. Alonso the Catholick. His Conquests and Death. Several Moorish Governours in Spain. Affairs of the Mahometans, both in Spain and Africk.
    • CHAP. IV. The Reigns of the Kings, Froyla, Aurelius, Silon, Alonso, Mauregatus, and Ve∣remundus, or Bermudo. Monarchy of the Moors, erected in Spain, by Abderrha∣man, his Death, and Wars among his Sons.
    • CHAP. V. The Reign of D. Alonso the Chast. The Nestorian Heresy reviv'd. The King's Sister debauch'd, he takes Lisbon, Wars among the Moors. Invention of the Body of St. James the Apostle, and Defeat of Charlemaigne.
    • CHAP. VI. The remaining part of the Reign of King Alonso. Rebellion among the Moors, Alhaca the Moor dies, and Abderhamen succeeds him. The Reign of King Ra∣miro, he overthrows the Moors in a great Battle, his Death and Invasion of the Normans.
    • CHAP. VII. The Persecution raised by the Moors at Cordova. The Reign of D. Ordonno over the Christians, and Mahomet over the Moors.
    • CHAP. VIII. The Reign of King Alonso the Great. He is Expell'd and Restor'd. His Bro∣thers Conspire against him, and are Punish'd. The Church of St. James the Apo∣stle, made an Archbishoprick. Mahomet the Moorish King dies.
    • CHAP. IX. The Death of King Alonso the Great. The Reigns of D. Garcia, and D. Ordonno, the second of Oviedo, and of Almundar, Abdalla, and Abderhaman of Cordova.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The Original of the Kingdoms of Navarre, and Aragon, and of the Earls of Bar∣celona, with their Succession and Actions, down to the time of King Ordonno the Second of Leon.
    • CHAP. II. Of the Earls of Castile. The Reign of D. Fruela the Second, King of Leon. Fictions concerning the Kings of Navarre. The Reign of their King D. San∣cho Abarca.
    • CHAP. III. The Reigns of Alonso the Fourth, and Ramiro the Second, Kings of Leon. Sancho Abarca King of Navarre slain by Ferman Goncalez Earl of Castile. Several de∣feats of the Moors. A great Eclypse.
    • CHAP. IV. The Reigns of D. Ordonno the Third, D. Sancho the Gross, Kings of Leon, and of Garci Sanchez, King of Navarre, and actions of Fernan Gonzalez, Earl of Castile.
    • CHAP. V. The Reign of Ramiro the Third, King of Leon. Death of Earl Fernan Gon∣zalez. Normans infest the Coasts of Spain. Divisions among the Moors. Rebellion against the King of Leon, and his Death.
    • CHAP. VI. The Reign of Bermudo the Second, called the Gouty, King of Leon. Discord betwixt him and the Earl of Castile. Leon and Barcelona, taken by the Infidels. Garcia King of Navarre dies. His Son Garci Sanchez succeeds him.
    • CHAP. VII. The Death of King Bermudo the Gouty, and beginning of the Reign of D. Alonso the Fifth, King of Leon. Many Troubles among the Moors. The Earl of Castile slain by the Infidels.
    • CHAP. VIII. Continues the mighty Revolutions among the Infidels, with the dismembring of the mighty Kingdom of Cordova, and Erecting of several other little Sovereignties in the Chief Cities of Spain.
    • CHAP. IX. The last Actions of D. Alonso King of Leon, and his Death. The Reign of D. Bermudo the Third. His Son Sancho Earl of Castile, Poisons his Mother. His Son Garcia Murdered.
    • CHAP. X. The remaining part of the Reign of Sancho the Greater, King of Navarre. Wicked Contrivance of his Sons against their Mother. He settles Religious Affairs, Rebuilds Palencia, and is Murdered.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The Posture of Affairs in Spain. Actions of D. Berenguel, Earl of Barcelona. Kingdoms of the Moors. Wars betwixt the Kings of Castile, and Leon. Fer∣dinand Crowned King of Leon.
    • CHAP. II. Ferdinand of Castile and Leon, the most powerful King of Spain. Overthrows the Moors, takes several Towns, and ravages the Territories of the Infidels. Ramiro, King of Aragon, Wars on his Brother of Navarre.
    • CHAP. III. S. Isidorus his Body translated to Leon. Conversion of two Moorish Princesses. Garcia King of Navarre, kill'd by his Brother Ferdinand. Ramiro King of Aragon, reco∣vers his Dominions.
    • CHAP. IV. The manner how Spain became exempted from the Roman Empire. The Famous Rode∣rick Diaz de Bivar, commonly called Cid. His Extraction and first Actions. Three Synods held in Spain.
    • CHAP. V. The remaining part of the Reign of Ferdinand, King of Castile and Leon. His Dominions divided among his Children. Of D. Ramiro King of Aragon. Per∣pignan Built.
    • CHAP. VI. The Progress of the War D. Sancho made upon his two Brothers. He expels Alonso, King of Leon, first, and then Garcia, King of Galicia, lays Siege to the City Zamora, and is there murdered.
    • CHAP. VII. King Alonso returns from among the Moors, and recovers his Brother's King∣doms. The first part of his Reign. Actions of Roderick de Bivar. King Sancho of Navarre Murdered by his own Brother.
    • CHAP. VIII. The Death of Almenon, King of Toledo, and of D. Ramon, Earl of Barcelo∣na. The Conquests of the Normans in Italy. The Conquest of Toledo re∣solved upon. Ramon, Earl of Barcelona, Murdered.
    • CHAP. IX. The famous City Toledo closely Besieged, and Surrendred; Many other Places taken. King Alonso stiles himself Emperor.
    • CHAP. X. The Election of the new Archbishop of Toledo. The abolishing the old Missal and Breviary. The Original of the Archbishop of Toledo. His Spiritual Jurisdicti∣on over all Spain. King Alphonso's Wives and Children. New Wars break out in Spain.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. 1. The Moorish Family of the Almoravides comes into Spain. King Alonso twice over∣thrown by them. Several Strangers come out of France, to serve under him, he be∣stows three of his Daughters on them. The holy War in the East.
    • CHAP. II. The great Actions of D. Sancho Ramirez, King of Aragon. He is killed at the Siege of Huesca, his Sons continue the Siege, Rout a great Army of Moors and Christians, that come to raise it, and take the Place.
    • CHAP. III. Great Preparations thro' Christendom for the Holy War. Valencia taken by Roderick de Bivar, Other Actions of his, suspected to be Fabulous. His Death, and that of Joseph, the Moorish Monarch.
    • CHAP. IV. The Death of Sancho Prince of Castile, and of the two Kings, Peter the first of Aragon, and Alonso VI. of Castile. The Moorish King of Zaragoza. Of two Holy Men.
    • CHAP. V. The Reign of Queen Urraca. Her Lewdness. She is Divorced from her Hus∣band, Deposed from the Government, her Son Alonso Proclaimed King of Castile.
    • CHAP. VI. The Wars of Majorca, and Zaragoca. The Schism of Burdinus. Peace Concluded betwixt the Crowns of Castile, and Aragon. The Original of the Kingdom of Portugal.
    • CHAP. VII. A Schism in the Church on account of an Antipope. Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon. War with the Moors. Original of the Kingdom of Portugal.
    • CHAP. VIII. The War betwixt the King of Castile and the Moors. The Death of King Alonso of Aragon, and Revolutions of that Kingdom, and Navarre. The former choses Ramiro, a Monk, the latter, Garcia, for their King.
    • CHAP. IX. The King of Castile aspires to the Crowns of Aragon and Navarre. Stiles him∣self Emperor. Ramiro King of Aragon resigns; and his Son-in-Law, Raimund Earl of Barcelona, assumes the Crown.
    • CHAP. X. D. Alonso of Portugal takes the Title of King. His Wars with the Moors. War betwixt Christian Princes and Peace concluded. Baeca and Almeria taken by the King of Castile, and Lisbon by him of Portugal.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The coming into Spain of the Moors called Almohades. The Death of D. Gar∣cia, King of Navarre, by a fall from his Horse, his Son Sancho succeeds him. King Alonso, and his Daughter, both Marry'd. Many Places taken from the Moors.
    • CHAP. II. King Luis the Younger of France comes into Spain. Alonso of Castile and Leon call'd the Emperor Dies. His Sons Sancho and Ferdinand, inherit the Crowns of Castile and Leon. Original of the Knights of Calatrava.
    • CHAP. III. The Death of Sancho, King of Castile, The great Commotions that ensued. The Death of Raymund, Prince of Aragon, his Issue. Alonso, his eldest Son succeeds in his Dominions.
    • CHAP. IV. Alonso, the young King of Castile takes upon him the Government, recovers most of his Dominions; joins in League with the Aragonian, and Marries Ellenor, Daughter to Henry II. King of England. Some Actions of Ferdi∣nand, King of Leon.
    • CHAP. V. The League made against Peter Ruiz de Azagra. The Original of the Knights of Santiago. The taking of Cuenca by the Christians. Increase of the Knights of Santiago, or St. James the Apostle. Several places in Navarre taken by the Castilians.
    • CHAP. VI. Rebellion in the Kingdom of Leon suppress'd. Alonso King of Portugal, taken by Ferdinand of Leon, and set at Liberty. Being Besieg'd in Santarem by the Moors, is relieved by him. He vanquishes the Infidels. Actions of his Son Sancho.
    • CHAP. VII. The Death of the Kings of Leon and Portugal. Alliances betwixt the Kings of Spain. The defeat of the Christians at Alarcos. Sancho, the Wise, King of Navarre dies. Sancho the first King of Portugal. Alonso the Ninth of Leon.
    • CHAP. VIII. King Alonso of Aragon dies, and his Son Peter succeeds him. The King of Leon divorc'd. Castilians and Aragonians over-run Navarre. Alonso King of Castile's two Daughters Marry'd to the Kings of England and Leon. Plague and Famine in Spain.
    • CHAP. IX. The Marriage of the King of Aragon, and Death of some Persons of Note. Peace concluded, and Alliance between all the Christian Kings of Spain. The begin∣ning of the War with the Moors. A vast Multitude of Foreigners comes to the assistance of the Christian Kings of Spain.
    • CHAP. X. The further progress of the Christian Army, which obtains a most signal Victory over the Infidels, of whom 200000 are slain, and this called the Battle of Navas de To∣losa. Many Towns taken after this Success.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The Original and growth of the Heresie of the Albigenses, which spread all over France, and some part of Spain. Preaching against them being unsuccessful, War is resolv'd upon.
    • CHAP. II. The Death of Peter, King of Aragon, and of Alonso, King of Castile. Si∣mon, Earl of Monfort, General of the Catholicks, Overthrows the Hereticks, and takes the Towns they had possess'd themselves of.
    • CHAP. III. Disorders in Castile and Aragon, under the two Infant Kings. Sancho, King of Navarre, altogether decrepid. The Lateran General-Council. Honours done there to the Archbishop of Toledo.
    • CHAP. IV. The Family of Lara, take the Government of Castile into their Hands, they commit many insolencies and oppress the Nobility. Young King Henry Marry'd and divorc'd. The King of Aragon escapes from his Keepers.
    • CHAP. V. Great disorders in Castile raised by the Family of Lara. Young King Henry killed by the fall of a Tile. Ferdinand Prince of Leon succeeds, his Mother Berengaria renouncing her right. Orders of S. Dominick, S. Francis, and La Merced instituted.
    • CHAP. VI. The Marriages of two Kings, Ferdinand of Castile, and Jayme of Aragon, King Ferdinand quells many Commotions. Death of the Kings of France and Portugal.
    • CHAP. VII. King Ferdinand of Castile, his great success against the Moors. King Jaime of Aragon seized, by some Rebellious Nobles, makes his escape, and Commences War against the Rebels.
    • CHAP. VIII. The War with the Moors renewed. The Island of Majorca Conquered by the Aragoni∣ans. The Pope's Legate disanuls the Marriage of King Jayme, on account of Con∣sanguinity. Raymund, Earl of Toulouze, a Heretick reduc'd.
    • CHAP. IX. Alonso, King of Leon, Defeats the Moors, takes Merida and Badajoz, and dies. Crowns of Castile and Leon united under Ferdinand. Sancho, King of Navarre, dies, Theobald succeeds him. Interviews of several Kings.
    • CHAP. X. The beginning, progress, and end of the War against Cordova, with the Conquest of that noble City.
    • CHAP. XI. A Moorish King Baptized. Description of Valencia, its Siege and surrender to the King of Aragon, who is Wounded before it. Theobald, King of Navarre goes with others to the Holy-War.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The taking of many Towns by the Christians. The Kingdom of Murcia surrendred to King Ferdinand. His Marriage. Salamanca made an Ʋniversity. 20000 Moors defeated by the Christians.
    • CHAP. II. A Defeat of the Christians, who recover, and are successful, take Jaen and many o∣ther Places. The King of Granada made Tributary. King Sancho II. of Portugal, Expell'd his Kingdom by his Rebellious Subjects.
    • CHAP. III. The beginning of the War against Sevil. Aragon under a general Interdict. The Siege and Surrender of Sevil, Carmona, and several other Places.
    • CHAP. IV S. Luis, King of France, sends Presents to the Church of Toledo, and makes an un∣fortunate Expedition to the Holy-Land. Aragon Embroyl'd. King Ferdinand of Castile, after gaining much from the Moors, dies.
    • CHAP. V. The beginning of the Reign of King Alonso, he is chosen Emperour, by part of the Electors, and Richard Duke of Cornwall by the rest. Theobald, the first King of Navarre dies, his Son Theobald the Second succeeds him.
    • CHAP. VI. Aragon and Castile at variance and reconcil'd. Sancho King of Portugal dies in Exile. Death of the Queen and Prince of Aragon. Portugal under an Interdict. Marriages of the King of Navarre, and Prince of Aragon.
    • CHAP. VII. The Family of the Merines obtains the Empire of Africk. The War against the Moors renew'd in Spain. Cuidad Rodrigo built. Troubles in Aragon. The City Murcia taken, and the King of Granada made Tributary.
    • CHAP. VIII. The Kingdom of the Normans in Sicily, extinguish'd by the French. Wars in Italy. The Empress of Constantinople comes into Spain. And Jayme, King of Aragon, to Toledo.
    • CHAP. IX. The King of Aragon's Expedition for the Holy-Land. The Kings of France and Na∣varre, and the eldest Son of the King of England, move upon the same Enterprize. The Nobles of Castile Revolt. Troublesin Aragon.
    • CHAP. X. Rodulphus of Ausburg, chosen Emperor. Henry, King of Navarre dies, his Daughter Joanna Inherits. Alonso, King of Castile, agrees with his Nobles, then goes into France to plead for the Empire, before the Pope, and returns re infecta.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The King of Morocco passes over into Spain; The War with the Moors, the Christians twice defeated, death of Prince Ferdinand the Heir of Ca∣stile, Troubles in Navarre betwixt the Natives and the French.
    • CHAP. II. Three Popes Dye in one year. Prince Sancho of Castile contrives to Ʋsurp that Crown from his Nephews. The Death of Jayme King of Aragon, and of Alonso of Portu∣gal. Peter succeeds the first, and Denis the latter.
    • CHAP. III. The Practices of Prince Sancho. He Rebels against his Father. The King of Morocco comes to Aid King Alonso: Returns home, leaving a Thousand Horse to serve under him. King Alonso Disinherits, and Curses his Son Prince Sancho.
    • CHAP. IV. The Conspiracy of John Prochita in Sicily, against the French; and Slaughter of them call'd the Sicilian Vespers. Kings of France and Aragon at War about Sicily. Castile and Aragon under an Interdict at the same time.
    • CHAP. V. The Death of Alonso King of Castile. The beginning of the Reign of King Sancho the IVth. The Defeat of the French Fleet on the Coast of Italy. Albarazin taken by the King of Aragon.
    • CHAP. VI. The French invade Catalonia, take Girona, and retire back to France with Loss. The King of Morocco Besieges Xeres, and is repuls'd. The Death of the four Kings, of France, Aragon, Naples, and Morrocco.
    • CHAP. VII. The King of Castile and Portugal meet. D. Lope de Haro flies to Navarre. A Treaty in order to release the two Princes of Castile. Charles Prince of Salerno set at Liberty. France and Castile joyn against Aragon. Denis King of Portugal his Issue.
    • CHAP. VIII. Troubles in Castile. The rightful Heirs to that Crown, before Prisoners in Aragon, set at liberty. Wars on that account betwixt those two Crowns. Badajoz Mtinies and is reduc'd. An Interview betwixt the Kings of France and Castile.
    • CHAP. IX. The revolt of D. John Nunnez de Lara. The Death of the King of Aragon: His Brother Jme succeeds him. Matches betwixt the three Kings of Spain. Defeat of the Moors at Sea Original of the Dukes of Medina Sidonia.
    • CHAP. X. Alcala de Henares made an Ʋniversity. Tarifa Besieg'd by the Moors: A brave Action of the Governour. Sancho King of Castile dyes. Ferdinand the Fourth succeeds. Peace betwixt France and Aragon.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. New Troubles and Wars in Castile; where Prince Henry takes the Government from the Queen. Prince John Proclaim'd King of Leon and Galicia. Castile invaded by the Moors, Portugueses, and Aragonians.
    • CHAP. II. Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal setled by the means of double Allyances betwixt those Princes. The Progress of the Wars in Sicily. The Jubilee first instituted. Bilbao Built; and Prince John reconcil'd to the King.
    • CHAP. III. Of Raimundus Lullus, and the Master of Calatrava. The Marriage of King Ferdinand. Peace concluded betwixt the Kings of Sicily and Naples. A Synod of Bishops. Trou∣bles in Castile. Pope Boniface dyes. Benedict the Eleventh succeeds him.
    • CHAP. IV. The Differences betwixt the Kings of Castile and Aragon reconcil'd: After which they joyn in League against the Moors, but to no consider able Effect. Death of Roger Lau∣ria, the great Admiral of Aragon; and Divisions among the Moors.
    • CHAP. V. The King of Granada depos'd. The King of Castile's Sister marry'd to the Duke of Bri∣tany. The extirpation of the Knights Templers. The Death of Ferdinand the IVth, King of Castile.
    • CHAP. VI. The beginning of the Reign of Alonso the XIth King of Castile. The many Confusions in that Kingdom, by reason of his Infancy. The Moors of Granada expel their King The Turks, their Original and Growth.
    • CHAP. VII. The Actions of the Catalonians in Greece. The War in Andaluzia. Death of Luis Hutin, King of France. Philip the Long succeeds him. John the XXth chosen Pope. Defeat of the Moors, by Prince Peter of Castile.
    • CHAP. VIII. Institution of two new Orders of Knighthood in Aragon and Portugal. Peter and John Princes of Castile kill'd by the Moors. The Government of that Kingdom in Confu∣sion. A great Overthrow given the Navarrois, by the Biscainers.
    • CHAP. IX. King Alonso the 11th of Castile, takes upon him the Government. The Conquest of Sardinia by the Aragonians. The Death of King Denis of Portugal. His Son Alonso succeeds him. Jayme the 2d, King of Aragon, is succeeded by his Son Alonso the 4th.
    • CHAP. X. The Wars betwixt the Christians and Infidels. Rebellions in Castile. Aragon, Castile and Portugal joyn in League. The King and Queen of Navarre come into that Coun∣try, and return again to France.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The King of Granada goes into Africk. Abomelique passes over into Spain. The War with the Moors. A Truce concluded. Alonso de la Cerda rightful King of Castile, submits to King Alonso the Possessor.
    • CHAP. II. The Moors of Granada murder Mahomet their King. Wars among all the Christian Kings of Spain. Alonso King of Aragon dies. Fresh Rebellions in Castile. The Portugues Fleet-beaten by the .
    • CHAP. III. The Death of Frederick King of Sicily. A Truce betwixt Castile and Portugal. The Death of Abomelique, and defeat of his Army. Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon. A Synod at Barcelona.
    • CHAP. IV. A new Invasion of Spain, by Alboacen King of Morocco, with 470000 Moors; he Besieges Tarifa, and is there routed with the loss of 200000 Men, by the Kings of Ca∣stile and Portugal. Three Defeats of the Infidels at Sea.
    • CHAP. V. The Siege and Surrender of Algezira. The Infidels attempt to Murder King Alonso of Castile; the Earls of Derby and Salisbury come to his Assistance, out of England, and the Earl of Faux, out of France. Robert King of Naples dies.
    • CHAP VI. The King of Aragon conquers Majorca, and all its Dominions. Great Troubles in Ara∣gon. The Rebels suppress'd. An Ʋniversal Plague. The Knights of Calatrava at Variance, at length reconcil'd.
    • CHAP. VII. The Siege of Gibraltar; the King dies and the Siege is raised. King Peter succeeds him. The dy Ellnor de Guzman kill'd. Some Nobles rebel and are subdu'd. Biscay an∣nex'd to the Crown of Castile. Interviews of Kings.
    • CHAP. VIII. Embassadors sent by King of Castile into France, to obtain for his Wife, Blanch, Daughter to the Duke of Bourbon, who is brought into Spain, and Marry'd to the King; but he being before in ove with the Lady Mary de Padilla, slights and for∣sakes his Queen.
    • CHAP. IX. King Peter of Castile removes his Officers, punishes some Rebels, and reduces several Towns▪ The War of Sardinia, where Diseases raging in the Aragonian Army, that King clap up a dishonourable Peace, and returns to Aragon.
    • CHAP. X. The Nobility of Castile, and particularly the King's Bastard Brothers in Rebellion, they treat with the King without success, the Queen Mother joyns them, the King gets the better, and executes many of them.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The beginning of the War in Aragon. Many Rebellious Nobles in Castile put to Death. The War between Castile and Aragon carried on by Sea and Land.
    • CHAP. II. The Kings of Castile and Aragon both call the Moors to their assistance. The War is car∣ry'd on vigorously on both sides. The Castilians treacherous to their King. He punishes many of them. The computation of time in Aragon alter'd.
    • CHAP. III. The Death of Queen Blanch, and Da. Maria de Padilla. Peace betwixt Castile and Aragon. The War with the Moors, and Death of their King. The King of Ara∣gon's Daughter marry'd to the King of Sicily.
    • CHAP. IV. Castile and Navarre joyn in League. The War is carry'd on Successfully against Ara∣gon, by King Peter of Castile, who declares the Lady Mary de Padilla to have been his lawful Wife. The Death of John King of France, and Constance Queen of Aragon.
    • CHAP. V. Count Henry proclaimed King of Castile. King Peter expelled the Kingdom. Re∣fus'd entertainment in Portugal, gathers a Fleet in Galicia, and flies into France to the protection of the English.
    • CHAP. VI. The War betwixt France, Navarre, and Aragon. King Peter of Castile supported by the English in France: Is brought into Spain by the Prince of Wales with an Army; Overthrows Henry the Ʋsurper, and recovers his Kingdom.
    • CHAP. VII. King Peter Excommunicated and Absolv'd. Count Henry returns into Spain, is again receiv'd by many Places. Toledo opposes him, and is Besieg'd. King Peter comes to its Relief, is overthrown, betray'd to, and Murder'd by Henry the Bastard.
    • CHAP. VIII. Several Foreign Princes pretenders to the Crown of Castile. War with Aragon, Por∣tugal, and Granada. Affairs of Aragon, Sardinia, and Navarre. The League be∣wixt Portugal and Aragon.
    • CHAP. IX. The Siege of Carmona. The King of Portugal marries the Lady Ellenor de Meneses. Peace betwixt Castile, Portugal and Nevarre.
    • CHAP. X. Peace concluded betwixt Castile and Aragon. Several Matches of Princes. French and Spaniards besiege Bayonne in vain. The Papal Chair restor'd to Rome. Death of Frederick King of Sicily.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The Wars of Navarre. Matches of some of King Henry's Children. The Schism in the Church, caus'd by the Election of the Two Popes, Urban and Clement. The death of King Henry of Castile, and of Mahomet the Moorish King of Gra∣nada.
    • CHAP. II. King John succeeds his Father in the Throne of Castile. Charles King of France dies. Charles the VIth succeeds him Pope Clement own'd in Spain through the French Interest.
    • CHAP. III. Charles Duke of Durazzo Crown'd King of Naples. The War with Portugal. Peace concluded. The King of Portugal dies. Actions of the Aragonians and Cataloni∣ans in Greece: And of the former in Sardinia.
    • CHAP. IV. Portugal full of Divisions about the Succession to the Crown. King John of Castile hav∣ing been proclaim'd at Lisbon, enters that Kingdom, has many Places deliver'd to him, Besieges Lisbon, but is forc'd to raise the Siege, and return to Castile.
    • CHAP. V. John the Bastard, Master of Avis proclaim'd King of Portugal. King John of Castile sends his Fleet, then enters Portugal himself with an Army. The famous Battle of Aljubarrota, and rout of the Castilians.
    • CHAP. VI. The Portugueses make an Inroad into Castile, and defeat a Body of Castilians. The Duke of Lancaster lands at Corunna, and takes several Towns. The Death of the Kings of Naples, Aragon and Navarre.
    • CHAP. VII. Peace Concluded with the English. The Heir of Castile in imitation of the Prince of Wales in England, is created Prince of Asturias. A Truce with Portugal and the Moors. King John of Castile kill'd by a fall from his Horse.
    • CHAP. VIII. John King of Aragon upon Complaint of his Subjects complies with their Demands. Irruptions of the French into Aragon. Henry the IIId proclaim'd King of Castile. The form of Government appointed there during his Minority.
    • CHAP. IX. The Contentions betwixt the Nobility of Castile about the Government: They agree on a Settlement; then alter it. The Affairs of the Moors at Granada. Warrenew'd with Portugal. King Charles the VIth. of France rus distracted.
    • CHAP. X. The Divisions among the Nobility of Castile continue. A Truce betwixt Castile and Portugal for 15 Years. The Nobility of Castile at length pacify'd. Sicily brought un∣der the Aragonian Yoke.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. King Henry takes upon him the Government. The Cortes at Madrid. Discontents among the Nobility. The death of the Master of Alcantara. The Biscainers invade the Canary Islands; The Plague at Madrid.
    • CHAP. II. Another Rebellion in Castile quell'd by the King. Pope Clement dyes, and Benedict the XIIIth is elected, which continues the Schism. The strange Death of John King of Aragon.
    • CHAP. III. The Queen of turns to her band. The Earl of Faux invades Aragon. The War bet and Portugal renewed. Joseph King of Granada dies. Mahomet his 2d Son usurps. The Turks come over into Europe.
    • CHAP. IV. Two Francisans to the Moors of Granada suffer Martyrdom. The Truce with Portugal Two great Plagues in Spain and France. The Year of Ju∣bilee 1400.
    • P. V. The Death of the Sicily. Of Tamerlan and Bajazet. Pope▪ Benedict again received in Castile. The King of Castile has a Son born. Pope Boniface dies. Innocent the VII chosen at Ro.
    • CHAP. VI. Great Tmults in Aragon appeas'd by the Cortes. A Battle betwixt the Castilians and the Moors▪ The Cortes of Castile meet at Toledo, and King Henry dies there. A notable his.
    • CHAP. VII. The Crown offered to Prince Ferdinand, he refuses it. John the IId proclaimed King of Castile. The Death of the Queen of Aragon. The War of Granada. Several Places taken by the Christians, who also obtain a Victory at Sea.
    • CHAP. VIII. The Murder of the Duke of Orleans by him of Burgundy. The War carry'd on with the Moors concluded. Original of D. Alvaro de Luna. Continuation of Schism.
    • CHAP. IX. The Death of Martin King of Sicily. Several pretenders to the Crown of Aragon. Their several Claims. Martin King of Aragon prefers that of his Prince Ferdinand of Castile, tho unjust.
    • CHAP. X. The Moors having done mah harm in the Christian Territories, Prince Ferdinand marches against them, defeats them and takes Antequera and other Places. Martin King of Aragon dies. A Love-Adventure.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The State of Christendom. Nine Judges appointed in Aragon to decide the Dispute about the Succession. Arguments us'd by each of the Candidates. The Government of King John of Portugal.
    • CHAP. II. Ferdmand Prince of Castile declar'd King of Aragon by the Judges, and afterwards proclaim'd at Zaragoca: He settles the Kingdom, besieges and takes the Earl of Urgel, who aspir'd to the Crown.
    • CHAP. III. The Christian Princes all combine with the Emperor to put, an end to the Schism in the Church: In order to it King Ferdinand of Aragon has a Conference with Pope Bene∣dict. The Council of Constance. The two Popes John and Gregory abdicate.
    • CHAP. IV. The Portugueses pass over into Africk and take Ceuta. All Endeavours us'd to move Pope Benedict to resign the Papacy prove vain. Ferdinand King of Aragon his Death. The Council of Constance puts an end to the Schism in the Church.
    • CHAP. V. The Death of the Queen of Castile. Marriages of Princes. Prince Henry of Aragon seizes the King of Castile. Tumults in that Kingdom. Strange Prodigies. Many Colledges built in Castile.
    • CHAP. VI. Original of the Portugues Discoveries. King Alonso of Aragon adopted Heir to the Crown of Naples. The King of Castile escapes from his Confinement, and suppresses many of the Rebels. D. Alvaro de Luna made an Earl.
    • CHAP. VII. The Death of the Moorish King of Granada. A Truce betwixt Castile and Portugal. The Interest of the Aragonians decays at Naples. Joseph King of Granada dies. Mahomet succeeds him.
    • CHAP. VIII. The pretended Pope Benedict dying, another is supported by the King of Aragon, who plunders Marseilles, prepares to make War upon Castile, but comes to an Accommoda∣tion, yet loses all his Interest at Naples.
    • CHAP. IX. The Death of King Charles of Navarre. King John proclaim'd. D. Alvaro de Luna banish'd the Court of Castile. Villanous Practices of the Nobility. The King of Granada deposed.
    • CHAP. X. D. Alvaro de Luna returns to Court greater in the King's Favour than ever. The banish'd King of Granada restor'd. Some Affairs of France, and final end of the Schism in the Church.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The War betwixt Aragon and Navarre on the one side, and Castile on the other. The King of Navarre crowned. John King of Castile breaks into Aragon with a power∣ful Army, and does much harm there.
    • CHAP. II. Actions of the Aragonians against Castile. Several Assemblies of the Cortes. The Estates of the Princes of Aragon in Castile confiscated. A Truce concluded with that Crown for five Years. War with the Moors.
    • CHAP. III. The Death of Pope Martin the V. Eugenius the IV succeeds him. The Moors of Gra∣nada overthrown in Battle. Peace concluded with Portugal. A Truce with the Moors. Prince Peter of Aragon made Prisoner.
    • CHAP. IV. The declining posture of the Aragonians at Naples; Yet that King is again invited thi∣ther and adopted anew by the Queen. He agrees with Castile. King John of Portugal dies. Edward succeeds.
    • CHAP. V. The Council of Basil. The Affairs of Naples, and death of the Duke of Anjou, and the Queen of Naples. The Nobility of that Kingdom incline to favour the Aragoni∣ans. The Pope expell'd Rome and restor'd.
    • CHAP. VI. Mighty Inundations throughout Spain. A great Victory over the Moors. The further Actions of the Aragonians at Naples. The Kings of Aragon and Navarre taken by the Genoeses, and set at Liberty by the Duke of Milan.
    • CHAP. VII. The Affairs of Italy after the King of Aragon was releas'd. Peace concluded betwixt Castile and Aragon. The Prince of Castile marries the Princess of Navarre. The Portugues Loss in Africk.
    • CHAP. VIII. The State of Spain, and of the Catholick Church under great apprehensions of Troubles. Actions of the Aragonians at Naples. King Edward of Portugal dies. The Re∣bellion in Castile.
    • CHAP. IX. The King of Castile and the Rebels agree. The Rebellion breaks out again: The King taken Prisoner. Blanch Queen of Navarre dyes. Her Son Charles succeeds. The Council at Basil Deposes Pope Eugenius, and chooses Felix.
    • CHAP. X. The Progress of the Aragonians in Naples. That City taken by them. New Disorders in Spain. The Archbishop of Toledo Dyes. Of some Men famous for Learning.
  • THE History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The Success of the Aragonians in Italy. The Rebellion in Castile. The Death of the Queens of Portugal and Castile. The Battle of Olmedo, and Death of Prince Hen∣ry of Aragon.
    • CHAP. II. The Marriage of Ferdinand, Bastard Son to the King of Aragon, and appointed Heir to the Kingdom of Naples. Mahomet King of Granada depos'd. D. Alvaro de Luna chosen Master of the Order of Santiago.
    • CHAP. III. Disorders continue in Spain. The Florentine War. Pope Eugenius dies. Nicholas the V. succeeds him. The Breach betwixt Castile and Aragon continu'd. Several Noblemen of Castile apprehended. Others fly.
    • CHAP. IV. The Earl of Benavente escaping raises new Tumults. The Affairs of Portugal. The Mu∣tiny of Toledo. Fresh Tumults among the Nobility of Castile. The Mutineers of To∣ledo punish'd.
    • CHAP. V. The mutiny of Segovia. The Affairs of the Crown of Aragon. The Civil War in Na∣varre. The Factions of the Agramonteses and Biamonteses there. The Emperor Frederick marries Ellenor, Sister to the King of Portugal. The Moors twice de∣feated by the Christians.
    • CHAP. VI. D. Alvaro de Luna the King of Castile's great Favourite, his Character and fatal End. Mahomet the Turk takes Constantinople. Mahomet King of Granada deposed. Cruzadoes coin'd in Portugal.
    • CHAP. VII. The Designs and Death of King John of Castile. Discoveries of the Portugueses along the Coast of Africk. Prince Henry proclaim'd King of Castile. Peace con∣cluded betwixt Castile, Aragon and Navarre. The Character of Henry the new King of Castile.
    • CHAP. VIII. The great League made in Italy. The Death of Pope Nicholas. Calixtus succeeds him. The War of Granada. King Henry of Castile marries Joanna, Sister to the King of Portugal. Earthquaks in Italy.
    • CHAP. IX. The Prince of Viana flies to Naples. The Kings of Castile and Navarre meet and con∣clude a Peace. The War with the Moors. The Death of Alonso King of Aragon: His Character and Will. John King of Navarre inherits the Crown of Aragon.
    • CHAP. X. The new War at Naples upon the Death of King Alonso, and Succession of his Bastard Son Ferdinand. Pope Calixtus dies. Pius the II. succeeds him: Alcazar on the Coast of Africk taken by the King of Portugal. Prodigies in Spain.
  • The History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The Councel of Mantua; Beginnings of Tumults in Castile; War at Naples betwixt the Aragonians, and House of Anjou; Scanderbeg, Prince of Epirus, comes to the Assi∣stance of Ferdinand, King of Naples.
    • CHAP. II. War renewed by the Moors of Granada; the Prince of Viana imprisoned, and released; his Death; the Rebellion of Catalonia, also in Navarre; the Kings of France and Ca∣stile meet.
    • CHAP. III. The Catalonians send for Peter Constable of Portugal, and Proclaim him Earl of Barce∣lona. The Kings of Castile and Portugal meet. The Rebellion in Castile. D. Bel∣tran de la Cueva, great Favourite to King Henry of Castile, created a Duke.
    • CHAP. IV. Proceedings and Defeat of the Rebels in Catalonia; Death of Ismael King of Granada; Progress of Rebellion in Castile, and most Villanous Action of the Rebels, who Pro∣claim Prince Alonso King; The King and they Disband.
    • CHAP. V. Peter the Constable of Portugal dies; The Rebels in Catalonia choose the Duke of Anjou for their King; The Battle of Olmedo; The Death of the Queen of Aragon and Prince Alonso of Castile; The King recovers Toledo; The Rebels of Castile Affront the Popes Legate, and are Excommunicated.
    • CHAP. VI. John Duke of Lorrain Supports and Heads the Rebels in Catalonia, for his Father; Fer∣dinand Prince of Aragon declared King of Sicily; The Crown of Castile offered to the Princess Elizabeth, she refuses it; Peace betwixt the King and Nobels.
    • CHAP. VII. The Marriage of Ferdinand King of Sicily with the Princess Elizabeth of Castile, and of the Duke of Guienne with the Princess Joanna, who is sworn Heiress of Castile: Dif∣ferences betwixt the Knights of Alcantara and their Master, and Troubles in Biscay: The Portugueses take Arzila and Tangier in Africk.
    • CHAP. VIII. The Tumults and Confusions in Aragon, Sardinia, and Navarre; The King of Castile Labours to Reduce his Rebels; Pope Paul II. Dies, Sixtus IV. Chosen; King Alonso of Portugal takes Arzila and Tangier in Africk.
    • CHAP. IX. Catalonia reduced; Charles Duke of Guienne dies; Cardinal Borgia, the Pope's Legate, comes into Spain; Interview of the Kings of Castile and Portugal; The Master of Santiago strengthens himself against his Enemies; Barcelona surrendred to the King of Aragon.
    • CHAP. X. The Pope's Legates Practices against King Henry of Castile; Massacre of the Jews; Sig∣nal Loyalty of Peter de Peralta; Traiterous Practices of Elizabeth Sister to King Henry of Castile; A Synod at Aranda.
  • The History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The Princess Elizabeth pretends to be Reconciled to her Brother, and openly aspires to the Crown upon his Indisposition; D. John Pacheco, Master of Santiago, dies; Differences betwixt the French and Aragonians; King Ferdinand goes to Barcelona; Jews Massacred in Sicily; Ferdinand and Elizabeth proclaimed King and Queen of Castile; The King of Portugal undertakes the Protection of the Princess Joanna his Niece.
    • CHAP. II. The Death of Henry King of Castile; Ferdinand and Elizabeth usurp the Crown of Castile from Joanna the Rightful Heiress, and are proclaimed King and Queen; The King of Portugal undertakes the Protection of the Rightful Heiress, his Neece.
    • CHAP. III. The King of Portugal calls himself King of Castile, and is assisted by many of the Nobi∣lity, being Contracted to Joanna the Rightful Heiress; He takes several Places in Castile; The French make Peace with England, and ingage to assist Portugal against Ferdinand.
    • CHAP. IV. Prince John of Portugal comes into Castile with Forces to his Father's Assistance; The Battle of Toro betwixt King Ferdinand and him of Portugal; The latter defeated; The Castilian Nobility forsake him, and he returns home.
    • CHAP. V. The Tumults of Navarre; The King of Portugal his Voyage into France; Toro recover∣ed by the Castilians, from the Portugueses; Several other Places retaken; Charles the Bold Duke of Burgundy, and Galeazzo Duke of Milan, Murdered.
    • CHAP. VI. King Ferdinand possesses himself of the Mastership of Santiago in Trust, which has ever since continued in the King's of Spain; War with the Moores of Andaluzia; The King of Portugal, after having Abdicated his Crown, returns home and is restored by his Son.
    • CHAP. VII. Sardinia entirely reduced; The Birth of John Prince of Castile; The Inquisition first settled in Spain; Peace Concluded betwixt France and Castile; the death of King John of Aragon.
    • CHAP. VIII. Elenor Queen of Navarre; The troubles of that Kingdom, and her Death; The Countess of Medellin raises Tumults in Castile; Portugueses overthrown by the Castilians; Heretical Opinions Started and Condemned in Spain; King Ferdinand goes into A∣ragon.
    • CHAP. IX. Peace concluded betwixt Castile and Portugal; The Turks get footing in Italy, and are again expelled; King Alonso of Portugal dies; Henry the late King of Castile his Grants vacated by the Cortes; Prince John, Son to King Ferdinand, sworn Heir of Castile.
    • CHAP. X. Francis King of Navarre comes out of France, is Crown'd, and soon after Dies; A Con∣spiracy against the King of Portugal discover'd, and the Conspirators punish'd; Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal Ratified; Luis the Eleventh King of France dies.
  • The History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The beginning of the War with Granada; King Albohacen surprizes Zahara; Alhama taken from the Infidels, and in vain besieged by them again.
    • CHAP. II. Preparations for carrying on the War against the Moors; Loxa in vain Besieged, and that War laid aside for some time; Some Tumults in Galizia; A great Slaughter of Christians on the Mountains of Malaga.
    • CHAP. III. The Moores defeated, and Boabdil their King taken, and afterwards released; The Af∣faires of Navarre; Pope Sixtus dies, Innocent the Eighth succeeds him; Marquess del Gasto, and Pescara, from whom Descended.
    • CHAP. IV. Alora and other Places taken from the Moores; Albohardil usurps the Crown of Gra∣nada, and defeats the Earl of Cabra; The Rebellion in Naples; Birth of the Princess Catherine of Castile, afterwards Wife to Henry VIII. King of England.
    • CHAP. V. The Tumults in Aragon, and Catalonia; Several Towns taken from the Moores; A Sedition in Galicia; King Albohardil attacks the Castle call'd Albaizin in Granada, and is repulsed; Azamor on the Coast of Africk delivered to the Portugueses.
    • CHAP. VI. King Ferdinand takes Malaga and other Places from the Moores; Albohardil King of Granada having been defeated by the Christians, is expell'd by his Subjects, and Boab∣dil proclaimed King; Mighty Discoveries made by the Portugueses in the East.
    • CHAP. VII. Tumults in Aragon, the Cities Associate there; The War with the Moores renewed, and several Places taken from them, which they with the same facility recover; Maximi∣lian King of the Romans aimes to Marry the Princess Elizabeth of Castile
    • CHAP. VIII. The Masterships of all the Military Orders in Spain, annexed to the Crown for ever; Three Cities and other Places taken from the Moores; Elizabeth Princess of Castile Married to Alonso Prince of Portugal; His and his Fathers death.
    • CHAP. IX. The War with the Moors now effectually renewed; The Description of the City Granada; King Ferdinand lays Siege to it, and builds a Town for his Army to Quarter in during the Siege, to shew his Resolution not to depart without being Master of that City.
    • CHAP. X. A mighty Mutiny raised in Granada by a Phanatick Moor; The City surrendered to King Ferdinand; The Character of King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth; Their Triumphal Entry into Granada, and universal Joy for their Success.
  • The History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The Affairs in Britany; The Jews expelled Spain; Pope Innocent VIII. dies, Alexan∣der VI. succeeds him; Navarre pacified.
    • CHAP. II. Discoveries and Conquests of the Spaniards in the West-Indies; Controversies arise be∣twixt the Crowns of Spain and Portugal concerning their Discoveries; Roussillon and Cerdagne restored to King Ferdinand.
    • CHAP. III. Palma, one of the Canary Islands Conquered; The Masterships of the Three Military Or∣ders annexed to the Crown of Castile; The Original of the Neopolitan War; The death of Ferdinand King of Naples.
    • CHAP. IV. The French Invade the Kingdom of Naples; An account of Luis Sforcia Duke of Milan; The French King at Rome; Alonso King of Naples Abdicates; The French Possess themselves of the Kingdom of Naples.
    • CHAP. V. The League against the French carried on with wonderful Secrescy; The French King re¦turns home; The Venetians overthrown by the French; King Ferdinand of Naples successful against them, and recovers that Noble City.
    • CHAP. VI. The Death of John II. King of Portugal; The French quite expelled the Kingdom of Naples; Ferdinand King of Spain Honoured by the Pope with the Title of Catholick King; The Posture of Affairs in Portugal under Emanuel the New King.
    • CHAP. VII. The death of Ferdinand King of Naples; The Emperor passes into Italy; The Popes Forces defeated by the Ursini; The death of the Duke of Gandia; The Marriage of Prince John of Spain; Proposals concerning settling the Kingdom of Naples.
    • CHAP. VIII. Progress of the Portugues Discoveries in the East; Peter Covillam and Alonso de Paiva sent to India by Land; Vasco de Gama sent to Discover India by Sea, with Four Ships; His Voyage till he came to Calicut.
    • CHAP. IX. A Short, but particular Account of India; What hapned to Vasco de Gama at Calicut His bold Enterprizes there, and a Relation of his Return to Portugal.
    • CHAP. X. An Account of the Navigation of Vasco de Gama, and of all the Coasts of Africk, as they lay in his way; Of the Island Zocotora, and of all the Coast of Asia, as far as China, and of the Method observed by the Portugueses in sailing thither.
  • The History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The Death of the Prince of Castile; Of Charles VIII. King of France; Matches of Two Daughters of Spain; The Prince of Salerno expelled Naples; France and Spain agree. Hierome Savonarola burnt at Florence.
    • CHAP. II. The King of Portugal sworn Heir to the Crown of Castile; Elizabeth his Queen delivered of a Son, dies; The Duke of Milan expelled his Dominions; University of Alcala founded; Rebellion of the Mountain-Moors.
    • CHAP. III. The Birth of the Emperor Charles the V. The French possess themselves of the State of Milan, and take the Duke and his Brother the Cardinal; The Great Year of Jubilee 1500; The League betwixt France and Spain; Cefalonia taken from the Turks.
    • CHAP. IV. King Ferdinand's Double-dealing; The Princess Mary of Castile married to the King of Portugal; The French and Spaniards jointly subdue the Kingdom of Naples; Actions of the Great Captain.
    • CHAP. V. The French and Spaniards fall at Variancc about dividing their Conquest; The Description of the Kingdom of Naples; Frederick King of Naples puts himself into the French King's hands; French perish by Pestilence and Stress of Weather; The coming of the Archduke into Spain.
    • CHAP. VI. Further Actions of the Great Captain at Naples; The Duke of Calabria contrary to Ar∣ticles sent into Spain; The French and Spanish Generals Consult their Kings, and have a Conference to Adjust Differences in the Division of Naples; The beginning of the War betwixt them.
    • CHAP. VII. The Archduke of Austria, and Princess his Wife, sworn Heirs of Aragon, he goes away for Flanders; The Spaniards offer Battle to the French, several small Actions betwixt them; The Spaniards decline in Calabria, are defeated.
    • CHAP. VIII. Great Booty taken by the Spaniards, as also the Sieur de la Palisse; A Combat betwixt 13 French, and as many Italians; Several losses of the French; The Marquess del Gasto comes over to the Spaniards.
    • CHAP. IX. The Peace Concluded by the Archduke with France; It takes no effect; Succours from Spain arrive at Naples; The Lord Aubigni defeated and taken.
    • CHAP. X. The Battel of Cirinola, and great Overthrow of the French; Almost all the Kingdom of Naples subdued by the Great Captain; His Reception into that Noble City.
  • The History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. 1. The Siege of Gaeta; The Death of Pope Alexander VI. Pius III. Chosen. Practices of the Spaniards. The French Invade Roussillon.
    • CHAP. II. The French besiege Saulses, or as the Spaniards call it Salsas; The Siege raised; Nine∣teen Sail of Infidels destroyed; Pope Pius III. dies; Julius II. Chosen; The French Army marches through Italy, Two Defeats given them.
    • CHAP. III. The City Gaeta surrendred; A Truce betwixt France and Spain; The Prefect of Rome submits to Spain; The Nobility of Naples swear Allegiance to Spain, and several Cities of Italy sue for its Protection; Truce for Three years betwixt France and Spain.
    • CHAP. IV. Perfidiousness of Duke Valentin, who is as perfidiously sent into Spain by the Great Captain contrary to his promise, and he ill represented to the King; Projects of Peace betwixt France and Spain come to nothing.
    • CHAP. . V The League betwixt the Emperor, the Archduke, and King of France; The League against the Venetians; The death of King Frederick of Naples, and Queen Elizabeth of Ca∣stile; Contention about the Government of Castile betwixt King Ferdinand and King Philip; Treaties with France.
    • CHAP. VI. King Ferdinand becomes odious to the People; The Posture of Affairs in Italy; The Em∣perour and King Philip of Castile Ratifie the Peace with France; King Ferdinand agrees with the French King.
    • CHAP. VII. Mazalquivir in Africk taken from the Moors; The Nobility of Spain divided for and against King Philip; The Agreement made betwixt the Two Kings Ferdinand and Philip; The latter in England.
    • CHAP. VIII. The Affairs of Portugal; A bloody Mutiny at Lisbon; King Ferdinand Marries Queen Germana; King Philip comes into Spain, and declares against the Treaty with King Ferdinand; Death of Christopher Columbus.
    • CHAP. IX. The Spaniards and Flemmings at variance upon their first meeting; King Ferdinand raises Forces, pretending to Rescue his Daughter; Many forsake him, and he is forced to quit Castile; An Interview of the Two Kings.
    • CHAP. X. The Two Kings of Spain agree, and join in League; Joanna, King Philip's Queen, Di∣stracted through Jealousie; Troubles in Castile; King Ferdinand and his Queen go to Zaragoza; Jealousies started against the Great Captain; King Philip dies.
  • The History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. The Settlement made by the Nobility of Castile after the death of King Philip; The Ca∣tholick King goes over to Naples, his Reception in that City; No Settlement in the Government of Castile. Amidst their Confusions Duke Valentine makes his E∣scape.
    • CHAP. II. Queen Joanna departs from Burgos; Is wholly incapable of having any Part in the Govern∣ment. The Affairs of Naples. Queen Joanna brought to bed of a Daughter at Torque∣mada. Great Disorders in Castile.
    • CHAP. III. The Death of Duke Valentine, and Troubles in Navarre. The Treaty betwixt the Em∣peror and King Ferdinand. The Great Captain courted to Command the Venetian and Pope's Forces. King Ferdinand settles the Affairs of Naples, and departs from that City.
    • CHAP. IV. The King of France enters Italy with an Army to reduce Genoa, has an Interview with King Ferdinand, who returns to Castile. The Spaniards defeated in Africk The Empe∣ror offended at King Ferdinand.
    • CHAP. V. The Designs of bringing Prince Charles into Spain. King Ferdinand in Andaluzia to settle that Country. Penon in Africk taken by the Spaniards, the Portugueses loosers at Aza∣mor in that part of the World, yet relieve Arzila.
    • CHAP. VI. Discovery of Conspiracies in Spain; The League of Cambray; The Soldans Fleet worst∣ed in India; Death of Henry VII. of England; Henry VIII. succeeds him.
    • CHAP. VII. The Cardinal of Spain takes Oran in Africk. The War against the Venetians and their Losses; They recover Padua and other Places.
    • CHAP. VIII. The Accord betwixt the Emperor and King Ferdinand. Bugia and Tripoli in Barbary taken by the Spaniards, and Goa in India by the Portugueses.
    • CHAP. IX. The War in Italy. The Pope grants the Investiture of the Kingdom of Naples to King Fe∣dinand. D. Garcia de Toledo defeated and killed at Gelves.
    • CHAP. X. Some Cardinals Revolt from the Pope; Bolonia taken by the French; The Revolted Car∣dinals summon a General Council.
  • The History of SPAIN.
    • CHAP. I. Affairs of India; The Pope Summons a Council to meet at S. John Lateran; The League betwixt the Pope, King of Aragon and the Venetians; The War in Italy.
    • CHAP. II. The Seige of Bologna. The King and Queen of Navarre excommunicated. The Venetians recover Bergamo and Bressa and are overthrown by the French.
    • CHAP. III. The famous Battel of Ravenna; That City surrendred to the French; Scandalous Proceed∣ings of the mutinous Cardinals, and opening of the Lateran Council.
    • CHAP. IV. The War in Navarre; King Ferdinand possesses himself of that Kingdom. The Affairs of Italy; The Great Captain stopped from going thither.
    • CHAP. V. The Siege of Pamplona. The Viceroy of Naples takes the City Bressa. Duke Maximilian Sforcia recovers Milan. King Ferdinand falls sick.
    • CHAP. VI. Pope Julius dies; Leo X. Succeeds him; The Truce betwixt Spain and France; The War in Navarre, and Revolutions at Genoa.
    • CHAP. VII. The Defeat given the French by the Swisse near Novara; The Viceroy Vanquishes the Venetians near Vincenza; Actions of the English and Portugueses; Venice Can∣nonaded.
    • CHAP. VIII. The Death of the Queen of France. Truce betwixt France and Spain prolong'd; The Affairs of Portugal
    • CHAP. IX. The Kingdom of Navarre united to that of Castile. The Affairs of the Portugueses in In∣dia. Their Defeat on the Coast of Africk.
    • CHAP. X. The King of France recovers Milan. The Swiss overthrown. Death of the Great Cap∣tain, and of Ferdinand King of Spain.
• A Compendious SUPPLEMENT TO THE History of SPAIN; From the Year 1615, till 1521.
  • Anno 1515.
  • Anno 1516.
  • Anno 1517.
  • Anno 1518.
  • Anno 1519.
  • Anno 1520.
  • Anno 1521.
  • Anno 1522.
  • Anno 1523.
  • Anno 1524.
  • Anno 1525.
  • Anno 1526.
  • Anno 1527.
  • Anno 1528.
  • Anno 1529.
  • Anno 1530.
  • Anno 1531.
  • Anno 1532.
  • Anno 1533.
  • Anno 1534.
  • Anno 1535.
  • Anno 1536.
  • Anno 1537.
  • Anno 1538.
  • Anno 1539.
  • Anno 1540.
  • Anno 1541.
  • Anno 1542.
  • Anno 1543.
  • Anno 1544.
  • Anno 1545.
  • Anno 1546.
  • Anno 1547.
  • Anno 1548.
  • Anno 1549.
  • Anno 1550.
  • Anno 1551.
  • Anno 1552.
  • Anno 1553.
  • Anno 1554.
  • Anno 1555.
  • Anno 1556.
  • Anno 1557.
  • Anno 1558.
  • Anno 1559.
  • Anno 1560.
  • Anno 1561.
  • Anno 1562.
  • Anno 1563.
  • Anno 1564.
  • Anno 1565.
  • Anno 1566.
  • Anno 1567.
  • Anno 1568.
  • Anno 1569.
  • Anno 1570.
  • Anno 1571.
  • Anno 1572.
  • Anno 1573.
  • Anno 1574.
  • Anno 1575.
  • Anno 1576.
  • Anno 1577.
  • Anno 1578.
  • Anno 1579.
  • Anno 1580.
  • Anno 1582.
  • Anno 1583.
  • Anno 1584.
  • Anno 1585.
  • Anno 1586.
  • Anno 1587.
  • Anno 1588.
  • Anno 1589.
  • Anno 1590.
  • Anno 1591.
  • Anno 1592.
  • Anno 1593.
  • Anno 1594.
  • Anno 1595.
  • Anno 1596.
  • Anno 1597.
  • Anno 1598.
  • Anno 1599.
  • Anno 1600.
  • Anno 1601.
  • Anno 1602.
  • Anno 1603.
  • Anno 1604.
  • Anno 1605.
  • Anno 1606.
  • Anno 1607.
  • Anno 1608.
  • Anno 1609.
  • Anno 1610.
  • Anno 1611.
  • Anno 1612.
  • Anno 1613.
  • Anno 1614.
  • Anno 1615.
  • Anno 1616.
  • Anno 1617.
  • Anno 1618.
  • Anno 1619.
  • Anno 1620.
  • Anno 1621.
• The SECOND SUPPLEMENT TO THE History of SPAIN, From the Year 1621 till 1649.
  • Anno 1621.
  • Anno 1622.
  • Anno 1623.
  • Anno 1624.
  • Anno 1625.
  • Anno 1626.
  • Anno 1627.
  • Anno 1628.
  • Anno 1629.
  • Anno 1630.
  • Anno 1631.
  • Anno 1632.
  • Anno 1633.
  • Anno 1634.
  • Anno. 1635.
  • Anno 1636.
  • Anno 1637.
  • Anno 1638.
  • Anno 1639.
  • Anno 1640.
  • Anno 1641.
  • Anno 1642.
  • Anno 1643.
  • Anno 1644.
  • Anno 1645.
  • Anno 1646.
  • Anno 1647.
  • Anno 1648.
  • Anno 1649.
• THE SUPPLEMENT TO THE General History OF SPAIN, From the Year 1650 till 1669.
  • Anno 1650.
  • Anno 1651.
  • Anno 1652.
  • Anno 1653.
  • Anno 1654.
  • Anno 1655.
  • Anno 1656.
  • Anno 1657.
  • Anno 1658.
  • Anno 1659.
  • Anno 1660.
  • Anno 1661.
  • Anno 1662.
  • Anno 1663.
  • Anno 1664.
  • Anno 1665.
  • Anno 1666.
  • Anno 1667.
  • Anno 1668.
  • Anno 1669.
• THE INDEX TO Mariana's History of Spain.
• THE INDEX TO THE SUPPLEMENT.