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VErbs for the most part govern either one case after them, or more then one in a different manner of Construction.
VErbs that signifie Being, as Sum, existo, fio; and certain Passives, as dicor, vocor, salutor,
appellor, habeor, existimor, videor; also Verbs of mo∣tion or rest, as incedo, discedo, sed•…•…o, with such like, will have a Nominative Case after them as they have before them, because both Cases belo•…•…g to the same person or thing, and the latter is rather in apposition with the former, then govern'd by the Verb; as Temperantia est virtus. Horatius si∣lutatur Poeta. Ast ego quae divum incedo regina.
And if est be an impersonal, it may sometimes govern a Genitive, as Usus Poetae, ut moris est, li∣centia, Phaedrus l. 4. Neg•…•…vit moris esse Graecorum, ut &c Cic. verr. 2.
But if the following Noun be of another per∣son, or not directly spoken of the former, both af∣ter Sum and all his Compounds, except possum, it shall be put in the Dative; as Est mihi do•…•…i pater. Multa petentibus desunt multa.
And if a thing be spoken of, relating to the person, it may be also in the Dative; as Sum tibi praesidio. Haecres est mihi voluptati. Qu•…•…rum alteri Capitoni cogn men fuit. Cic. Pastori nomen 〈◊〉〈◊〉 fuisse serunt. Liv.
VErbs Active or Deponent, call'd Transitive, because thir action passeth forth on some person or thing, will have an Accusative after them of the person or thing to whom the acti∣on is done; as Amo te. Vitium fuge. Deu•…•… venerare. Usus promptos facit. Juvat me. Oporte•…•… te.
Also Verbs call'd Neuters, may have an Accusative of thir own signification; as Du∣ram
servit servitutem. Longam ire viam. Endimion•…•… somnum dormis. Pastillos Rufillus olet. Ne•…•… vox hominem sonat. Cum Glaucum saltasset. Paterc. Agit laetum convivam. Horat. Hoc me latet.
But these Verbs, though Transitive, Misereor and Miseresco, pass into a Genitive; as Miserer•…•… mei. Somtimes into a Dative. Huic misereor. Sen. Dilige bonos, miseresce malis. Boet.
Reminiscor, Obliviscor, Recordor, and Memini, somtimes also require a Genitive; as Datae fidei veminis•…•…itur. Memini tai. Obliviscor carminis. Som∣time retain the Accusative; as Recordor pueritiam. Omnia quae curant senes meminerunt. Plaut.
These Impersonals also, interest and resert, sig∣nifying to concern, require a Genitive, except in these Ablatives Feminine, Moa, tua, sua, nostra, vestra, c•…•…ja. And the measure of concernment is often added in these Genitives, magni, parvi, tanti, quanti, with thir Compounds; as Interest omnium rectè agere. Tua resert teipsum nosse. Vestra parvi interest.
But Verbs of Profiting or Disprofiting, Believ∣ing, Pleasing, Obeying, Opposing, or being an∣gry with, pass into a Dative; as non potes mihi commodare nec incommodare. Placeo omnibus. Crede mihi. Nimium ne crede colori. Pareo parentibus. Tibi repugno. Adolescenti nihil est quod succenseat. But of the first and third sort, Juvo, adjuvo, laedo, offendo, retain an Accusative.
Lastly, these Transitives, fungor, fruor, utor, po∣tior, and Verbs betokening want, pass direct into an Ablative. Fungitur officio. Aliena frui insania. Utere sorte tua. But fungor, fruor, utor, had antient∣ly an Accusative. Verbs of want, and potior, may have also a Genitive. Pecuniae indiget. Quasi
•…•…u hujus indigeas patris. Potior Urbe, or Urbis.
Somtimes a phrase of the same signification with a single Verb, may have the Case of the Verb after it; as Id operam do, that is to say, id ago. Idne estis authores mihi? for id suadetis. Quid mo vo∣bis tactio est? for tangitis. Plaut. Quid tibi hanc curatio est rem? Id.
HItherto of Transitives governing thir Accu∣sative, or other Case, in single and direct Construction: Now of such as may have after them more Cases then one in Construction direct and oblique, that is to say, with an Accusative, a Genitive, Dative, other Accusative, or Ab∣lative.
Verbs of Esteeming, Buying or Selling, besides thir Accusative, will have a Genitive betoken∣ing the value of price, flocci, nihili, pili, hujus, and the like after Verbs of Esteeming: Tanti, quan∣ti, pluris, minoris, and such like, put without a Sub∣stantive, after Verbs of Buying or Selling; as Non hujus te aestimo. Ego illum flocci pendo. Aequi boni hoc facio or consulo. Quanti mercatus es hunc equum? Pluris quam vellem.
But the word of Value is somtimes in the Ab∣lative; as Parvi or parvo aestimas probitatem. And the word of Price most usually; As Teruncio eum non emerim. And particularly in these Adjectives, Vili, paulo, minimo, magno, nimio, plurimo, dimidio, duplo, put without a Substantive, as Vili vendo triticum. Redimete captum quàm queas mini•…•…o. And somtimes minore for minoris. Nam a Caelio propinqui minore centessimis nummum movere non possunt. Cic.
Att. l. 1. E•…•…t Verbs Neuter or Parsive have only the oblique Cases after them; as Tanti eris aliis, quanti ribi 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Pudor parvi pendi∣tur. Which is also to be observ'd in the following Rules.
And this Neuter Valeo governeth the word of value in the Accusative•…•…; as Denarii dicti quod denes aeris valebant. Varr.
Verbs of admonishing, accusing, condemning, acquitting, will have, besides thir Acc•…•…sative, a Genitive of the Crime, or 〈◊〉〈◊〉, or Thing; a•…•… Admonuit me errati. Accusas me 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…em sc•…•…leris damnat. Furem d•…•…pli 〈◊〉〈◊〉. And somtimes an Ablative with a preposition, or without; •…•…s Condemnsbo eodem ego to 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Accusas furti, an stu•…•…ri, an utroque? De repetundis accusavit, or d•…•…m∣navit. Cic.
Also these impersonals, poenitet, taedet, miseret, miserescit, pudet, piget, to thir Accusative will have a Genitive, either of the person, or of the thing; as Nostri no•…•…met poenitet. Urbis me taedet. Miseret •…•…e tui. Pudet me negligentiae.
VErbs of Giving or Restoring, Promising or Paying, Commanding or Shewing, Trusting or Threatning, add to thir Accusative a Dative of the person; as Fortuna multis nimium d•…•… dit. Haec tibi promitto. Aes alienum mihi numeravit. Frumen∣tum imperat civitatibus. Q•…•…id & cui dicas, videto.
Hoc tibi suadeo. Tibi or ad te s•…•…ribo. Pecuniam om∣nem tibi credo. Utrique mortem minatu•…•… est.
To these add Verbs Active compounded with hese prepositions, prae, ad, ab, con, de, ex, ante, sub,
post, ob, in and inter; as Praecipio hoc tibi. Admo∣vit urbi 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Collegae suo imperium abrogavit. Sic parvis componere magna solebam.
Neuters have a dative only; as Meis majoribus virtute praeluxi. But some compounded with prae and ante may have an accusative; as Praestat inge∣nio alius alium. Multos anteit sapientia. O•…•…hers with a Preposition; as Quae ad ventris victum con∣ducunt. In haec studia incumbite. Cic.
Also all Verbs Active, betokening acquisition, likening, or relation, commonly englisht with to or for, have to thir accusative a dative of the per∣son; as Magnam laudem sibi peperit. Huic habeo non tibi. Se illis aequarunt. Expedi mihi hoc negotium: but mihi, tibi, sibi, somtimes are added for El•…•…gance, the sense not requiring; as Suo hunc sibi iugul•…•…t gladio. Terent Neuters a dative only; as Non omnibus dormio. Libet mihi. Tibi licet
Somtimes a Verb Transitive will have to his accusative a double dative, one of the person, another of the thing; as Do tibi vestem pignori. Verto hoc tibi vitio. Hoc tu tibi laudi du•…•….
VErbs of asking, teaching, arraying, and con∣cealing, will have two accusatives, one of the person, another of the thing; as Rogo is pecu∣niam. Doceo te literas. Quod te jamdudum h•…•…rtor. Induit se calceos. Hoc me cel•…•…bas.
And being Passives, they retain one accusative of the thing, as Sumptumque recingitur anguem, Ovid. Met. 4. Induitur togam. Mart.
But Verbs of arraying somtimes change the one accusative into an ablative or dative; as In∣duo to tunica, or tibi tunicam. Instravit equum penula, o•…•… eque penulam.
VErbs Transitives may have to thir accusa∣tive an ablative of the instrument or cause, matter, or manner of doing; and Neuters the ablative only; As Ferit eum gladio. Taceo metu. Ma∣•…•…is gaud•…•… alienis. Summa eloquentia causam egit. Ca∣pitolium sa•…•…o quadrato substructum est. Tuo consilio ni∣•…•…. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 pan•…•…. Affluis opibus. Amore abundas. Somtimes with a Preposition of the manner; as Summa •…•…um humanitate me tractavit.
Verbs of endowing, imparting, depriving, dis∣charging, filling, emptying, and the like, will have an ablative, and somtimes a genitive; as Dono te •…•…oc 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Plurima salute •…•…e impertit. Aliquem 〈◊〉〈◊〉 suo sermone participavit. Paternum servum •…•…ui participavit consilii. Interdico tibi aqua & igni, •…•…ibero •…•…e hoc metu. Impl•…•…ntur veteris Bacchi.
Also Verbs of comparing, or exceeding, will have an ablative of the excess; as Praefero hunc •…•…ultis gradibus. Magno intervallo eum superat.
After all manner of Verbs, the word signifying any part of a thing, may be put in the gènitive, accusative, or ablative; as Absurdè facis qui angas 〈◊〉〈◊〉 animi. P•…•…et animi. Dis•…•…rucior animi. Desipit •…•…entis. Conde•…•… dentes. Rubet capillos. Aegrot•…•…t ani∣•…•…, magu quàm corpors.