Parthenopoeia, or, The history of the most noble and renowned kingdom of Naples with the dominions therunto annexed and the lives of all their kings : the first part / by that famous antiquary Scipio Mazzella ; made English by Mr. Samson Lennard ... ; the second part compil'd by James Howell, Esq., who, besides som [sic] supplements to the first part, drawes on the threed [sic] of the story to these present times, 1654 ; illustrated with the figures of the kings and arms of all the provinces.

A DESCRIPTION OF THE Kingdom of Naples (Book 2)

The second Book. (Book 2)

WE having finished the first book of the description of the Pro∣vinces of this Kingdom, it were requisite to speak more particularly as we have promised; to the end the reader may be the better satisfied of so much as he desires to know thereof.

The Kingdom then of Naples (as hath been said) is di∣vided into 12 Provinces, the which contains 2700 po∣pularities, of which there are 20 Archbishops, and 127 Bi∣shops, and 1464 Countries; in which places live at least two millions of people; for in the Province of the Country of Lavoro was tax∣ed in the Kings Schedule by Families

58152

The Principality on this side by Families

47562

The Principality on the other side by Families

30535

Basilicata by Families

38747

Calauria on this side by Families

50878

Calauria on the other side by Families

55457

The Country of Otronto by Families

50874

The Country of Bary by Families

39141

Abruzzo on this side by Families

27046

Abruzzo on the other side by Families

48689

The County of Molise by Families

15693

Capitanata by Families

20804

Whereupon the abovesaid number of Families being collected together, make in all 4834••8. and this is the number at this present of all the Families in the King∣dom; in the which number the City of Naples is not comprehended, nor the ham∣lets belonging thereto, for the freedom and priviledges which the Neapolitans hold. The revenue of the Crown both in the ordinary and extraordinary, ariseth very near to three millions of Crowns, yet excepting the donative: which is now re∣duced into an ordinary revenue. The dignified or titular Barons of the Kingdom in this year 1596. are 155. whereof 20 are Princes, 34 Dukes, 40 Marquisses, and 53 Earls; but the Barons without title are about 1400. the which are all bound to serve personally for the de••ence of the Kingdom. The Duke of Alba in the year 1556. in the War against Pope Paolo the fourth, had 20 thousand footmen, 7 hundred armed men, and a thousand seven hundred light-horsemen. Now at this present the King maintaineth ordinarily for the defence of the Kingdom, 4000 Spanish footmen under many Captains, with a Master of the Camp, and an Audi∣tor; and this Corporation of people is called the third of Naples. In the Ca∣stles

of the Kingdom, and Fortresses made for the guard and defence of the Sea are held 1608 footmen ordinarily Spaniards, comprehending also the Officers which remain in the Castles for the service of them. There are also 1020 armed men ranged into 16 companies, that is to say five Spanish, and eleven Italians, 60 men in a company; there are besides reserved for the Viceroy-General of the Kingdom a hundred men, and 80 for the great Constable. But for light-horsmen there is not above 450 ranged into five companies. And for the guard and ser∣vice of the Viceroy he hath an hundred Almain Holbardiers, besides a hundred Gentlemen, that is to say 60 Spaniards, and 50 Italians, that are continually atten∣dant, whose duty is to frequent the Court, to accompany the Viceroy in time of peace and war, and therefore they are bound to have their arms and their horses. Moreover for occurrences in defence of the Kingdom, there is maintained in ex∣ercise of the war an Army of 24078 footmen of the Kingdom, the which hath not been very long since it was ordained, for because that in all the Provinces of the Kingdom there are ordinarily limited five footmen for every hundred Family; these footmen in every Country of the Kingdom are chosen by the Electors of that Country; therefore if the souldiers named do not please their Captains, they ought to chuse others that may content them; these footmen are bound both in the occurrences of the Kingdom, and out of the Kingdom to serve five years, and then in change of them to chuse others. And in the same manner is paid to the said souldiers, to Captains, Ensigns, Sargeants for that time which they serve, the same pay that is given to Spanish footmen and their Officers. These souldiers of this new Army (which together are so named) enjoy certain priviledges of free∣dom. The strength of the Kingdom consisteth also in 30 Gallies, with their helps which are 27. but the principal Fortresses are Naples, with three Castles, Gaeta la Mantia, Trani, Cotrone, Gallipoli, Monopoli, Taranto, Bary, Brindesi, with the Fortress of St. Andrea, Barletta, Otranto, Manfredonia, Monte de St. Angelo, and towards the Mediterrane, Capoa, Cosenza, Catanzaro, Civitella, Aquila. All the men in general are strong, valorous, painfull, well made, and comely, ingenious, courteous, inclined to piety and vertue, desirous of novelty, litigious, given to pleasure, religious aad devout, the which the many and great magnificence of the Churches, and riches of the Clergy do testifie. In the wars they declare their valour and courage. The Nobility are liberal, magnanimous, warlike, and make particular profession of policy and chivalry.* 1.1

Now forasmuch as we have spoken somewhat of the Revenues of the Crown in this Kingdom, it will not be amiss to discourse more particularly thereof.

The REVENUES of the CROWN in the noble and most happy Kingdom OF NAPLES.

BEfore I discourse of the Revenues which the king of Spain hath in this noble kingdom of Naples, it were requi∣site for the better satisfaction of the Reader, first to de∣clare in what manner the kings in former time have recei∣ved it.* 1.2 Therefore to let you understand that under the kings of the Normans the Revenues pertaining to the king was received by a price, that is to say for every twelve marks of Revenue was paid three fiorines. The which continued untill the time of the Emperor Frederick the second, who dis∣liking that kind of payment, called a general Parlament, where assembled all the Barons and Feuditarie persons of the kingdom, subject unto him, and thi∣ther also repaired all the chief Magistrates of the Cities and Countries, after the king had made an excellent Oration in commendation of the kingdom, he exhorted them all, that for a general benefit, and aid, and confirmation thereof, should be decreed and ordained a certain and ordinary Revenue, to the end that the poor might not be oppressed by the rich and mighty; but that every one might pay so much as were fit and requisite.

This Proposition of the King seemed unto all just and convenient, and so willing to satisfie the desire of the king, desired eight daies respit to consult thereon, which was gently granted unto them. After which time expired they met the 16 of April 1218. at the Parlament in the Castle of Vovo, where was decreed and concluded by all the Barons, Feuditaries and Burgises of the Cities and Countries, that the Re∣gal Revenues for the aid and defence of the Kingdom, should be received by collections per aes, & libras, that is to say, he that had most wealth should pay most, and who had not should pay least, the which payments because they were not sufficient for the supply and succour of the Kingdom, they increased it to the number of six collections, and these were called ordinary Exchequer payments, as Luca da Penna testifies in the L. 1. num. 3. C. de indic. lib. 10. and Antonio Cape∣ce in the invest. ver. feudorum clausulae ver. collectis colum▪ 5. in fi. & in prin. and Andrea of Isernia in c. 1. & extraordinaria, in prin. & ••um. 62. quae sint reg. The which likewise Fabio Giordano Neopolitan in his Chro••••ele thus writeth, Post quam Neopolitanum Regnum in Federici secund. Imperatoris 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ionem veuit, noluit ille, ut redditus, ad fiscum pertinentes licitacione exiger••t•••• quemadmodum à superio∣ribus Regibus factum erat, nam usque ad ej••s tempora 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••••odenis Marchis, t••es ar∣gentei flor••ni solvebantur, hinc animadvertus provi•••••• ••mperator pauperes haec ratio∣ne nimium vexari, & opprimi, anno millesimo 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ducentesimum decimum octavum, octavo Kalendas Maias in arcem Lucullia••••••, Castellum Normandiacum etiam dictum; publica comitia haberi voluit, quò convenientibus omnibus fere Regni hujus Regulis, & feudatariis, sic dictis, oppidorism dominis, atque etiam nonnullis urbis praetoribus Fredericus ex excelsa sede, regalique solio elegantem, ac doctam in Regni laudem orationem habuit; universos abhortatus, ut pro publico omnium commodo stabilique Regni quasi praecidio praecipuus, ac certus quidam per singulos annos cen∣su•• designaretur, ne singuli nimis, ac ultra modum vexarentur. Imperatoris oratio universis placuit, à quo satis humaniter octo dierum spacium his fuit concessum, ut ea de re inter se maturius deliberarent, quo dierum curriculo elapso cuntis Regulis visum fuit, ut Regni census post hac non licitacione, sed per collectas colligerentur, ut qui plura possideret bona, plus solveret; qui verò pauciora, minus, hic exactionis modus ad breve duravit tempu••, ••am cum non esset satis ad Regni necessitatibus subvenien∣dum, procedente tempore crevit usque ad sex collectas, quae ab omnibus solutiones sisca∣les vocabantur.

This manner of receiving of Collections continued untill the time of the most famous and renowned King Alfonsus of Aragon, who purposing better to esta∣blish the affairs of the Kingdom, assembled in Naples the 28 day of February 1442 a general Parlament, and required that in place of the six Collections, should be levied on every Family ten carlines. And although Matteo de Afflitto in the cap. & plaustorum num 6. quae sint reg. saith that that Parlament was held in the Ci∣ty of Benevento, nevertheless in the chapters of the Kingdom, cap. 1. Regis Alfonsi appears the contrary, because he saith that the said Parlament was held in Naples in the Church of St. Lorenzo. In the year following 1449, the 20 of September (as it is noted in the Register intituled Literarum curae secundi anni 1451. fol. 133▪ which is preserved in the Royal Chamber of the Summary) the said King being in the Greek Tower, caused there a general Parlament to assemble, where the King so propounded, that he maintaining so great an Army, as well by land as sea, to no other end and purpose but to secure and defend the Kingdom from the incursions and invasions of enemies, which neglected no oportunity to prejudice and indanger it, the Royal Revenue of the Kingdom being not sufficient, he was inforced either to increase it, or to give way to the enemy, therefore he had considered that for an universal benefit, it would do well that there should be im∣posed five other Carlines on every Family besides the ten, the which payment be∣ing not grievous nor heavy but lawfull and honest, may be easily supported of all: And to the end they may know, it is not our purpose to impose new Taxes, nor through a covetous and greedy desire to heap treasure together, but only to se∣cure them from the Tyranny of others, and therefore at this present I promise to give to every Family of the Kingdom a bushel of salt.

The King having finished this Speech, they all cryed out with a loud voice,

saying, Whatsoever your sacred Majesty commands shall be done, and in token of faithfull Subjects, since that you have vouchsafed to bestow salt on your most loyal Kingdom, we humbly desire that your sacred Majesty will accept of us in behalf of the whole Kingdom, two grains more for a Family, as a gratification for the said salt, which shall be at the appointment of your Majesties Officers, the which was accepted of the King; the number of which Families as it then appeared in the Royal Taxation, with all the Cities and Countries of the King∣dom (except 58••4 families of the exempted and disburthened Countries untill this new and last numeration, which was in the year 1595.) were 475727 fami∣lies, and the sum of money which was gathered of these payments amounted to 719095 duckets, under which number of Families the Albanesi, and Illirici are not comprehended, which under one only name are called Slavoni, the which payed no more then eleven Carlins the year, therefore they had no salt given them, and every year were numbered, being lawfull for them to go from one place to another in the Kingdom, the number of which extraordinary families were 4451. and payed according to the said taxation every year 4896. duckets and ten grams. There are also exempted from the said usual and common payment the Companies which have perpetual free priviledges, which import 41510 duck∣ets, two carlins, and seven grains, the which with the noble City of Naples, are in all the Provinces of the Kingdom (as we have before said) in number 54. There are also exempted the Universities which are free for some prefixed time, which pay not the said payments, which import 2609 duckets, eight carlins, and eight grains, the number whereof are but four. They are also excepted which pay by covenant and agreement, which import 23794 duckets eight carlins and three grains, and are 25 companies. Moreover there are exempted many particular men which hold priviledged immunities, which import 1203 duckets, two carlins and five grains. So there is received clearly, exempting the priviledged Universi∣ties, those that are free for a time; and the Universities which pay by covenant, and the priviledged men 654873 duckets, six carlins, and seven grains. This then is the ordinary payment which the King receiveth every year of all the families of the Kingdom.

There is likewise another ordinary payment called Adogo, which signifies royal service, this is payed by the Feudaries in place of personal service, because every one is bound to present himself personally before the King when he goeth to war. At the which service the feudary was bound personally to be ready with his only person, when he possessed an intire fee. It was held an intire fee, when the revenue thereof did amount to 20 ounces, the ounce is 6 duckets,* 1.3 by the which intire fee the said feudary was bound to continue his said service the space of three months at his own charges with three horses and arms, as Andrea de Isernia af∣firms in C. 1. similiter potest, nu. 14. ver. in Reg. Sici. de cap. qui cur. vend. and Capece in the cap. Imperialem, praeteraea si quis in feudatus 10 col. ver. item nota quod quando de prohib. feu. alie. per feder. And in the decision 10. nu. 14. Neither was the feudatary inforced to serve longer then the said time, unless the King would have him near unto him for his service, and then the King ought to give him pay, the which appears in the Chapters of King Charls the second, which begins Item statuimus quod Comites, Barones, &c. The which three months of service which the said feudist ought to do, should begin to be counted from the day that the muster was taken, the which that great feudist Andrea d' Isernia thus declareth in consti. Hostici. 3. Col. ver. sed quaero quando, & à quo tempere. But if the feudist serve not personally, he ought to provide another fit to send in his place,* 1.4 that may content the King, as was ordained by the Emperor in Cap. Imperialem, firmi∣ter de probib. feu. alien. per Feder. And this was when the feudist did possess the said whole entire revenue; for when the revenue did not arise unto the said quan∣tity of 2. ounces, then more fees or tribute were joyned together, that might make up the whole fee of 20 ounces, and so amongst them sent one souldier with three horses and arms, which for three months followed the Kings service, from the which conjunction of feudists, as Andrea d' Isernia saith in cap. 1. num. 9. Versi & quantum adoha••••entum de contro. feu. apud par. term. This said royal ser∣vice

was called Adogo, as it were a uniting. And in very truth, although the said feudists contribute their money to the said service of the King, at that time which they paid for the said whole fee of 20 ounces the half, and somewhat more, that is to say ten ounces and a half; yet for all this they shall pay at this present, that is for every hundred duckets of revenue he payeth the half, which are 50 duckets and five graines besides for a ducket more, which are in all 52 duckets and a half, and this payment is meant when the fee consisteth in slaves. But if the fee be without slaves, because the feudist could not have aid or assistance, he ought only to pay six ounces. And if the fee consisteth in money, that is to say in pe∣nal payments, or alienated revenues established, he payeth only five ounces be∣cause that revenue may be augmented, as Isernia saith in cap. 1. fin. quis dicatur dux, Marchio, and in the cap. Imperialem. firmiter in 2. col. ver. idem videmus quod solvitur. So in like manner to do that royal service when the feudists have not the whole fee, they are to joyn together in the manner abovesaid, and to pay for one souldier, according to the said sum of ten ounces and a half, the which the said Isernia saith in the said cap. 1. nu. 9. de contro feu. apud par. ter. di vers. & quan∣tum ad adohamentum. And moreover also it standeth in the election of the feu∣datory, if he will personally serve, he cannot be inforced to pay for the Kings service; but if the feudist be not fit and able, or not in health, he ought then to send another in his place of sufficient strength and ability, the which the afore∣leadged Author writeth in the said Chapter Imperialem, firmiter, nu. 32. For these services then which belong to feudists, are certain slaves, or rather lands to help towards the moyety of the said service held by the Barons at the rate of five car∣lins a Family, for these Families which the Universities are taxed, if the land consist not of so many Families, which at the rate of five carlins a Family, com∣prehendeth not the moyety of the payment of the said taxation of the Baron, that University or Countrey is not bound to any further charge, but for so many families as are taxed, paying at the rate of five carlins a family, and for that which wanteth the Baron is enjoyned to pay together with some other moiety which he hath. But if the number of Families be so many that the payment of every fa∣mily at the aforesaid rate of five carlins exceed the moity of the contribution which belongs to the University, then that overplus which groweth is to be divi∣ded among the Families, to the end that the only moity which belongs to the aid and help of the Baron may be received. Of which Afflitto doth very large∣ly discourse & in cap. Caroli 2. which begins Comites Barones,* 1.5 sub rubr. de subven. Vassall. The which help of Vassals was thus devided by Charls the second, as it is noted in the said Chapter.* 1.6 Comites, Barones, & feudatarii, sub rubr. de subven. Vassal.

Afterward the Kingdom came into the Jurisdiction of Ferdinando the Catho∣lick King, who understanding the many contentions and strifes which were in the Kingdome between the Barons and Vassals for the payment of this Imposition of the Adogo, to settle things in order, appointed that all the Barons and feudists, with their revenue should be noted, and that all the Cities, and Countries, and Families of the Kingdom should be newly numbred, and ordained that the helps of the moity of the taxations which the vassals paid to the feudists by reason of the Kings service, should be no more received by the feudists, but by the Kings Treasurers and Officers. The sum at this present did amount, which was paid eve∣ry year by the feudists into the Kings Exchequer to 75616 duckets, and as many more were received of the vassals. But the whole intire Adogo which every Pro∣vince paid, wherein the Barons and feudists of the Kingdom were taxed, appears here under-written.

The Country of Lavoro duckets

18346

The County of Molise, duckets

3152

The Principality on this side, duckets

12489

The Principality on the other side, duckets

10348

Basilicata, duckets

14671

Calauria on this side, duckets

6962

Calauria on the other side, duckets

7317

The Country of Otranto, duckets

13495

The Country of Bary, duckets

8••42

Abruzzo on this side, duckets

7280

Abruzzo on the other side, duckets

8651

Capitanata duckets

9669

The sum of the duckets,

12056

When it hapneth in the Kingdom to bestow a Donative upon the King, the Barons use to examin what every one of them holds, deviding the payment by the rate which they pay of the Adogo, the which Adogo (as we have said, which at this present is present is paid) is 52 duckets, ••.10. for the hundred, if the fee consist in vassals; but being without vassals, he payeth for his Adogo 26 duckets and a quarter, which is the moity of the whole fee; but if the Baron possesseth a fee that is disinhabited, he payeth for the Taxation of the Adogo 30 duckets for a hundred.

And it is also to be understood, that when the Baron or Feudist dieth, the heir of the dead doth not pay for the first year the Adogo into the Kings Exchequer; but the year ended, after the death of the said Baron, the heir payeth his Livery, which payment is half the revenue which the Baron hath by the year; and if it so fall out that the heir do not reveal the death of the Baron, the year being past he forfeits nine times the value, which the Livery of the Baron importeth, there∣fore when the Livery is paid, all the Countries and debts are levied which the dead Baron is found to have.

The Cities also and Lands of Demains pay the Livery to the King every fif∣teen year, even as at the death of a Baron,* 1.7 Thus have I briefly declared the or∣dinary Impositions which the Families and Feudists of the Kingdom pay. Now remain eth to declare the extraordinary payments which every Family paieth year∣ly into the Kings Exchequer.

First of all every Family payeth four grains, the which payment is received e∣very month. This Imposition was made by Don Pietro of Toledo Viceroy of the Kingdom the second of May 1542. the which first imposed three grains upon the Spanish Footmen to pay, and appointed the said payment to be received every fourth month, as it appears by a Letter of the said Don Pietro, inserted in the Letters of the Kings Chamber, under the date of the 22. of May 1542. In the year after 1544. in the month of September, the said Imposition was increased to four grains, as it is expressed in a Letter of the said Viceroy inclosed in a Commis∣sion of the Kings Chamber, dated the third of September 1544. At the last in the year 1566. Don Perasenno de Rivera Duke of Alcala ordained that the said Imposition should be received of all the Families of the Kingdom according to the former Order, th•• which even at this present is received.

The Imposition levied on the free Companies, the which pay no other Impo∣sitions then above written, containeth yearly for the number of ordinary Families 215216 duckets six carlins, and six grains; and for extraordinary Families 1019 duckets and 8 carlins, the which sum joyned together are 216236 duckets 4 car∣lins 6 grains.

There is also an Imposition paid for the wages of the Barigelli of the fields, which are those that guard and keep the high-wayes, and goe against Out∣laws.

This Imposition was made by Don Pietro of Tolledo the third of August in the year 1550. only in the Provinces of the Principality on this side and the other, and the County of Molise, Capatanata, and Basilicata, to avoid the robberies which were daily committed, for which cause were appointed the Universities to pay all those losses which were there committed. It was afterward ordained that the said Imposition should be gathered of all the Provinces except the Land of Lavero; but for the service which the said Barricelli did in that Province, they

should be payed out of the Kings Exchequer. The said Imposition was received of every Province diversly, the which we have declared in their places. This Im∣position riseth to 18506 duckets, seven carlins and two grains yearly.

There is another Imposition which is paid for the guard and defence of the Towers and Castles, the which Imposition was instituted by Don Perasanno de Ri∣vera Duke of Ascala, to the end the Kingdom might be secure from Rovers, by the which imposition all the whole Kingdom payed for every Family seven grains,* 1.8 and the twelfth part of a grain. But the Countries which were distant twelve miles from the Sea payed the half of the said payment, the which amounted to 25348 duckets yearly.

There was likewise gathered of the Universities the payment for the building of the Castles, when they were builded, and there was received according to the pay∣ment which they paid for the guard of the said Castles. And because at this pre∣sent there are not any Castles builded in the Kingdom, therefore that payment is no long••r continued:

There was also gathered another Imposition of three grains of every Family of the Kingdom for the repairing of the streets and high-waies of the Kingdom. This Imposition was instituted by the Duke of Alcala the 20 of Iuly 1539. as it ap∣pears by a Letter inserted in a Commission of the Kings Chamber of the Summa∣ria,* 1.9 dated the first of Iuly, registred in the Royal Register, Litterarum Curiae xxi. fol. 93. the which payment containeth 41640 duckets yearly.

The Families also of the Kingdom payed 17 grains for to pay the souldiers and men of arms which guarded and defended the Kingdom, this payment in the year 1555. was received 45 grains for a Family, in the year after 1559. the King∣dom being augmented by the means of Don Iohn Manriquez Viceroy of the Kingdom,* 1.10 the said payment was deducted to 36 grains. And last of all because the number of Families were very much increased, it was brought to 17 grains a Fa∣mily, the which payment amounteth yearly, excepting the free Universities 74900 duckets two carlins and eight grains.

Finally the Universities and Families of the Kingdom pay two grains through the decay of 5804 Families. These are extraordinary payments, which the Fa∣milies of the Kingdom pay into the Exchequer.

Also the Kings Exchequer receives from the said Kingdom other Revenues and Rents, which consist in divers things, which are these following,

The custom of the sheep of Apulia, which is one of the principal Revenues which the King hath in the Kingdom,* 1.11 the which consisteth in the herbage, which the Kings customer renteth every year to the husbandmen for the pasture of sheep, and greater cattel, whereof some pay thirteen duckets and eight carlins for a hun∣dred sheep, and some twelve, and some ten and a half, and some six, and some three, and some fifteen carlins for a hundred, and some twelve crowns for a thou∣sand; but for greater cattel there are some which pay thirty seven duckets and a half for a hundred, and others twenty two and a half, and others eighteen duckets and three quarters. Therefore the receiver satisfieth to the Masters of the her∣bage according to the goodness and qualitie of the pasture: As in the year 1592. there was assigned to the said custom four millions, four hundred seventy one thousand, 496 sheep, and of greater cattel nine thousand six hundred, of which sheep and greater cattel is paid into the Kings Exchequer 622172 duck∣ets and seven carlins, from the which sum is deducted 380492 duckets and five carlins and two grains, for the payment of the herbage given to divers particular persons, with the alms bestowed upon the poor, and other charges, returning into the Kings Exchequer 241264 duckets,* 1.12 four carlins, and five grains and three quarters, the which sum is carried into the Kings Treasury. This customary pay∣ment hath been very ancient, for in the time of the Romans the like was payed, as it appears in Varro, and other ancient Writers. And as we have before said, the Kingdom being invaded by divers Nations, the custom decayed through the long wars,* 1.13 untill the coming of the worthy and renowned Alfonsus of Arragon, first of this name King of Naples, the which newly restored it, in the year 1447. with excellent orders, and made Francesco Maluber Commissary for reformation there∣of.

In the year 1501. Lewis the twelfth King of France, having devided the King∣dom with King Ferdinando the Catholick King, and Apuglia and Calauria being alotted to King don Ferdinando, he created Frederick Menidois Neopolitan cust••∣mer of the sheep, who received by means of the rents of the herbage 83280 duck∣ets. The French King perceiving so great a revenue, challenged the custom, say∣ing it belonged unto him, through which discord after long wars, the Frenchmen were driven out of all the Kingdom. Leaving as an example for others, that who seeks all, commonly loseth all.

The second revenue is the custom of Silks▪ which is one of the best revenues in the Kingdom, and this is in the Province of Calauria, for all the silk which was there made, and in other places, they anciently paid five grains in the pound. This custom was in the year 1483. by King Ferdinando the first, sold to the Prince of Bisignano for eighteen thousand duckets.* 1.14 In the year after 1541. Don Pic••ro of Toledo Viceroy of the Kingdom, imposed five tornese more upon the pound, and assigned it to the said Prince, because of the right which he pretended unto the County of Milito. This revenue now yields seventy thousand crowns yearly. In the same year the said Don Pietro in the name of the Emperor Charls the fifth imposed five other grains more upon a pound of silk, and this he did because of the fortifying of the Castle of Cotrone. In the year 1555. Don Berardino of Men∣dozza, being Viceroy of the Kingdom, ordained that of all the other Provinces should be gathered one carlin for a pound of silk, and appointed that that imposi∣tion should be paid in the time that the silk grows. Afterward Don Francesco Pacecco, Cardinal Saguntino, Viceroy of the kingdom, imposed in the year 1557▪ upon all the silk which went out of the kingdom another carlin in the pound. Last of all in the year 1580. Don Iohn Zunica, Prince of Pietra Pertia, purposing to take away the deceits which by means of the said extractions were committed, with the will and consent of the kings collateral Councel, ordained that even as in the Province of Calauria was received fifteen grains on the pound at sund••y times, he would have the same at one entire payment, that is, to be paid in the time that the silk grows; and also he would that in the other Provinces should be received two carlins on the pound. By the which order the said revenue was much augmented. To the which Imposition is also annexed Saffron,* 1.15 of which is paid one carlin the pound. The receit of this revenue ariseth yearly to the summe of 148003 duckets.

The third revenue is the custom and profit of Iron, the which Imposition was ordained by the Emperor Frederick the second,* 1.16 who made it unlawfull for any man to bring iron into the kingdom to sell, except to the kings Paymasters or Tenants, and the price was rated throughout all the Provinces. The which cu∣stom although at sundry times it was diversly received, nevertheless at this present for the most part, the third part thereof is paid, which is the half of the price, which is paid for the iron brought into the kingdom to the paymasters. There∣fore the said price is imposed by the kings Chamber of the Summaria, over which before the price was established, it caused to be taken in Naples a diligent information of ••hat it stood the Rentmaster in. And so goes the fourth part of steel, and the fifth of pitch, the which revenue amounteth to the sum of 61836 duckets: And according to the same rent go the custom of the mercerie wares of Calauria.

The fourth revenue is the regal custom,* 1.17 and the greatest storehouse of the Ci∣ty of Naples, because there is received 18 grains by ounce of all the merchan∣dize which are sold by the Merchants, by reason of the custom there are received also divers other payments, that is to say 15 grains by the ounce by reason of the storehouse: the which custom amounteth to 115025 duckets.

The fifth Revenue are the Royal Customs of the Merchandize of the Provin∣ces of the Countries of Otranto, Bary, Basilicata, and Capatanata,* 1.18 the which re∣venue ariseth to 97300 duckets.

The sixth Revenue is the Regal custom of the thirds of Wine, which is half the price of the Wine which is paid to the king,* 1.19 being called the Custom of the thirds of Wine, as a difference from another which is paid to the City of Na∣ples

The revenue of this Royal Custome amounteth to 970013 duckets:

The seventh Revenue is the new Impost of Oyl and Sope, which is paid at the rate of one carlin for every stare,* 1.20 which is the measure of oyl in Naples so cal∣led, the which revenue containeth 10400 duckets.

The eighth Revenue is the new Impost of Wine which is transported out of the Kingdom,* 1.21 the which Revenue ariseth to 104000 duckets.

The ninth Revenue is the custom of playing Cards, this new Custom was Im∣posed in the year 1578. and for every pair of Cards the customer received a car∣lin, which yielded 15310 duckets.

The tenth Revenue is the Custom of the Marketplace of Maiure, called otherwise the place of Small-Wares, the Revenue whereof ariseth to 9390 duckets.

The eleventh Revenue is the Custom of Eggs, Kidds, and Birds, which are brought into the City of Naples,* 1.22 which ariseth to 2300 duckets.

The twelfth Revenue is the Impost of artificial or inforced Manna which is payd at the rate of one carlin the pound, which contains 700 duckets.

* 1.23The thirteenth Revenue are the two Races of Horses which the Kings Court maintains in Puglia and Calauria, which is received by the sale which is made of the said horses, and other things, 5670 duckets.

The fourteenth Revenue are the profits, forfeitures, and compositions which proceed from the Kings Chamber,* 1.24 and from the great Court of the Vicaria, and from the kings Audit of the Provinces of the kingdom, which yearly amount to the sum of 34000 duckets.

The fifteenth Revenue is the Custom of Horses which are bought of stran∣gers in Naples,* 1.25 which importeth 500 duckets.

The sixteenth Revenue is the due of Ius salmarum for the conveying of Grain, Barley,* 1.26 and Pulse, which is transported into the kingdom, the which Revenue a∣riseth to 4000 duckets.

* 1.27The seventeenth Revenue are the Customs which are commonly called the fines of the Annunciata, which consist in a certain duty, and is received at the four Gates of the City of Naples And in the Market-place of the said City is received the kings due for the slaughter of Cattel. And this Revenue of the Fines of the An∣nunciata, was so named because the king Don Frederick of Arragon, having taken up a certain quantity of money at Interest of Merchants, he agreed with them that they should be paid out of those duties, therefore he appointed that they should alwaies be paid by the Masters and Governors of the Hospital of the An∣nunciata, to the end every one might be satisfied his due. The which even to this present with great diligence is received by the said Governors, paying it to the said Creditors, and the overplus of the said Revenue they return into the kings general Treasury. This Revenue ariseth yearly to 247001 duckets, which dis∣chargeth the said debt, the which doth amount yearly to 2247 duckets, three carlins and three grains, so there remain to the king no more then 2339 duckets.

The eighteenth Revenue are the helps and aids of Tuscan, which do amount to 13000 duckets.* 1.28

The ninteenth are the Revenues of the City of Vesti, of St. Severino, and of the Fee of Tacina,* 1.29 and many others, the which sum imports 24577 duckets.

The twentieth Revenue is the new Imposition upon Brimstone which is digged in the kingdom, and is paid at the rate of three carlins for a kintal, the which commodity is now omitted.

The 21 revenue is the new Imposition of Hemp, which is paid at the rate of 15 carlins for the kintal, the which commodity is also omitted.

The twenty two revenue is a new imposition upon the Infidels, which are ran∣somed and are received in this sort, from two hundred crowns downward is paied eight duckets by the poule, from two hundred to five hundred is paid ten crowns by the poule, from five hundred to a thousand is paid fifteen crowns by the poule, and when the ransom is of some quantity, the more is paid in respect of the said taxation.

* 1.30The twenty third Revenue is the custom of the extraction of Salnitro, which is

received at the rate of a crown for a kintall, the which commodity is omitted.

Twentifourth Revenue is the industry and labour of Salt, and Salt-Pits of the Kingdom; and although at this present there is not any commodity thereby, ne∣vertheless the King hath a Rent, and according to the charge of the said Rent,* 1.31 they are constrained to fetch salt out of the Kingdom, to maintain their Store∣houses furnished, and for the provision of Officers and other occasions, the Kings Court payeth to the Rent-Masters by the year 17700 duckets, and recei∣veth no profit or benefit by the sale, but they are bound to deliver to the Universi∣ties of the Kingdom bay salt at the rate of a bushel for every Family by the year, and when they give white salt, they are bound to give the more according to the rate that the bay salt is valued. And so they are enjoyned to give to all the Offi∣cers and servants of the Kings Chamber, salt answerable to the rate of the charges which they are above enjoyned.

The twentififth Revenue are the duties for the custom of Grain, Barley,* 1.32 and Pulse, going out of the Kingdom, the which is laid up for the store of the King∣dom, but being brought out, there is great abundance.

The twentisixth Revenue is the devolution for the dead, and the end of the lines of Barons of the Kingdom,* 1.33 and of Offices that are void by the death of them that held them; but because these things are extraordinary, there is no par∣ticular account kept of the Revenue thereof.

The twen••iseventh Revenue are the Liveries of heirs, profits of penal amercea∣ments, forfeitures of Statutes, Incroachments, and other extraordinary Revenues which falls to the King, through many and sundry causes; which being no cer∣tain nor constant revenues, I make no distinction of them. But as it is judged by Iohn Baptista d' Assaro, Cesard d' Acampora, and Alfonso Crivella, the most dili∣gent and reasonable Arbitrators of the Kings Chamber, say the revenue is worth 150000 duckets.

Moreover the King hath in this Kingdom 24 Cathedral Churches, the which held more then fifty thousand crowns yearly.* 1.34

He hath also profit from many Abbots, which are the ancient patrons of the Kingdom, the which yield ten thousand crows yearly.

The sum of the Revenue which the King hath in all the Kingdom (except the donatives) is two millions, nine hundred ninty six thousand, nine hundred thir¦ty seven duckets, seven carlins and four grains 2996937.

Thus have I briefly discoursed, only to note the greatness of his noble Kingdom the which is not to be wondred, that at sundry times there have repaired so many sorts of barbarous Nations from farr, and even remote parts of the world (as is well known) to make spoil thereof. But now through the providence of God, it remaineth in much peace, and secure under the protection of the puissant King Philip 2d, the people having never enjoyed so peaceable a times, with the great benefit and abundance of all things.

The Donatives which have been made at sundry times by the Noble City of NAPLES and the KINGDOM to their KINGS.

AMong other Priviledges which the faithfull City of Naples and the Kingdom holdeth, one is, that the King cannot for any occasion demand a Donative or assistance; never∣theless it hath been known that in times of calamity and the great necessitie of their Kings▪ they have been succou∣red and assisted with all their strength, their money, and their men. Therefore for these worthy deeds they have deserved to be called no Vassals, but faithfull friends.

I now purposing to discourse of the Donatives which have been made unto the Kings, beginning from the year 1507. and having a desire for no other cause there to begin, but because from thence I have had a true information of wri∣tings, being alwaies a more laudible thing to declare few things and true, then many and ambiguous.

In the year then 1507. the last of the month of Ianuary, was held a general Parla∣ment by the Deputies of the noble City of Naples, in the Monastery of Mount Oli∣vet, where met (according to the custom) the Princes, Dukes, Marquisses, Earls, Barons and Feudists, and Burgises of the Cities, and free Towns in the Kingdom, in which general Parlament was concluded, that to the Catholick King Ferdinando, in respect of the former Wars, and the present affairs, and to maintain the King∣dom in peace, should be given a donative of three hundred thousand duckets the which being propounded, the speaker or advocate of the Cities and Common∣wealth, after he had used some few plausible words, desired that besides that day, they might have three daies respit to consult thereon. And the time being come, it was generally concluded, that it should be paid in this manner, that is to say, by the rate thereof, the Barons should pay fifty thousand duckets, levied by the rate o•• the Adogo, and that the said sum should be all paid by August 1508 and the remainder the people of the whole Kingdom should pay, as well landed men, as

he Barons, eleven carlins a family, that is to say three carlins the next months of April or May, and three the months of October and November of the same year 1507. and two in the months of February and March in the year 1508. and three in the month of October the same year. Of which donative was no man exempted, except the noble City of Naples, and the Hamlets belonging thereto.

The 26 of November in the year 1520 was held (according to the custom) a publick and general Parlament, in the which the Barons of the kingdom conside∣ring the great charges which Charls the fifth had been at, then king of the Ro∣mans, about his Coronation in Aquisgrane, they gave him thirty thousand duckets, and concluded that it should be paid within the time of three years, levying the first payment of the three, at the birth of our Lord next ensuing, in the year 1521: and was levied in the selfsame manner, which was paid to king Ferdinando, nei∣ther was it permitted that any person should be exempted, except the City of Naples.

In the year 1523. the first of September was held in the Monastery of Mount Olivet, a publick Parlament, where was concluded that to the Emperor Charls the fifth, for the necessity which he had to pay his Army, should be given him two hundred thousand duckets, which should be received at three payments, that is to say, at Easter, the birth of our Lord, and in August, and it was decreed that of this Donative not any person, though priviledged, should go free, except the City of Naples and the Hamlets belonging thereto.

The 16 of the month of Iuly 1524. in the Monastery of Mount Olivet (ac∣cording to the accustomed manner) was held a general Parlament, and concluded that to the Emperor should be given 50 thousand duckets by reason of his Army which he had in Lumbardy, and of this payment were only freed the venerable Churches, and Hospital of the Annunciation, with the City of Naples, and the Hamlets.

The 19 of May 1531. was held a general Parlament, where having a princi∣pal respect to the Wars which the Emperor made with the Turk, and although the kingdom had been much exhausted through long wars, dearth, and pestilence, nevertheless the Barons shewing a generous mind to serve the Emperor, made a donative of six hundred thousand duckets, of which the Barons paid an Adogo and a half, not by the way of an Adogo, but a pure and free Donative, and the remainder the people paid. This Donative was levied and paid in four years, and thereof was only free the City of Naples, and the jurisdictions of the Annun∣ciation.

The 20 of August 1534. was held (according to the accustomed manner) in the Monastery of Mount Olivet a general Parlament, where with a general con∣sent was agreed, that there should be given unto the Emperor one hundred and fifty thousand duckets to the end to chace away the Fleet of the Turks, which had given out to invade the coast of the kingdom, and this Donative was levied at three payments, that is to say at September next ensuing, at the birth of our Lord, and at Easter 1••35. and the Barons contributed for the aforesaid donative fifty thousand duckets, the which payment they paid not by way of an Adogo, but as a simple donative, and the remnant of a hundred thousand duckets were paid by the people. From the which payment was not exempted any person, though he were priviledged, except the famous and renowned City of Naples, and the Hospital of the Annunciation.

In the year 1536. on the eight day of the month of Ianuary, in the Church of St. Laurence was by the Deputies of the renowned Citie of Naples, held a gene∣ral and publick Parlament, at the which (according to to the usual manner) met the Princes, Dukes, Marquisses, Earls, Barons, Feudaries of the kingdom, and al∣so the Burgises of the Cities and free Towns, in the which Parlament considering the charge of the Emperor to return into Spain, it was concluded there should be given him a donative of a million, and fifty thousand duckets, and this dona∣tive was the greatest that ever was made to any king whatsoever of the said king∣dom, and was enacted with these Conditions and Covenants following, that is to

say, that the quantity which was to be paid by the Barons might be so much as would amount to the sum of three Adogoes, but yet not by way of an Adogo, but as a free donative, according to the taxation which at this present is to be seen in the Royal Chamber of the Summaria, and the remainder was appointed that the people, Cities, Countries, and Castles of the kingdom should pay. Of which donative fifty thousand duckets were levied in a year, and the Barons payed thereof one Adogo; but for the contribution of the million, which was agreed to be paid in five years, the two Adogos were not paid, and the people discharged the rest. The Emperor seeing the great affection which the kingdom did bear unto him, purposing in some measure to remunerate their good will towards him, granted both to the Kingdom and Cities, many priviledges.

In the year 1538. and the 27 day of March, according to the accustomed or∣der, was held a publick Parlament in St. Laurence, where was decreed that there should be given to the Emperor a donative of 360 thousand duckets, and that of it the Barons should pay so much as did amount to the quantity of half an Adogo, not by way of an Adogo, but as a simple donative, and the remainder to the com∣plement of the said sum, the people should pay. The which donative was levied and paid in five thirds, and the City of Naples was exempted, and the Lands of the venerable Church and Hospital of the Annuntiation.

In the year 1539. the 15 of March was held a publick Parlament (according to the accustomed manner) in St. Laurence, and was concluded, that in regard of the Occurrences which the Emperor had to pay his Army, should be given him a donative of 260 thousand duckets, with condition that the Barons part should be so much as would amount to half an Adogo, not by the way of an Adogo, but as a free donative, and the rest the people, Cities, Countries, and Castles of the Kingdom should pay. The said donative was received in three thirds, and payd.

In the year 1540. the 27 of November was held (according to the usual manner) a publick Parlament in St. Laurence, where was agreed that it were requisite to sustain and succour the great necessity, and charge which the King was at for the defence and security of the kingdom: but the kingdom being greatly exhausted, there should be given a donative of the quarter of an Adogo, but not by way of an Adogo, but as a simple donative, and the Cities, Countries, and Castles should pay 16 grains for a Family.

In the year 1541. the 29 of Iuly was held (according unto the accustomed man∣ner) a publick Parliament in St. Laurence, wherein seeing the necessity of the King, and the great preparation of the Turk to invade the Kingdom, to the end souldi∣ers may be entertained, and also to fortifie and provide that the Cities and Coun∣tries may be able to resist the said invasion, it was concluded that there should be given a donative to the Emperor of 800 thousand duckets; of which the Barons paid an Adogo and a half, yet not as an Adogo, but as a simple and free donative, and the remnant the people of the Kingdom paid.

In the year 1543 was held (according to the accustomed order) a publick Parlament in St. Laurence, wherein was agreed that a donative should be given to the Emperor of a hundred and fifty thousand duckets, and fifty thousand more to make the compleat sum of 200 thousand, and it was ordained that it should be given by reason of the want of money.

In the year 1545. was held (according to the usual manner) a publick Parlament in St. Laurence, wherein was decreed that to the Emperor should be given a dona∣tive of 600 thousand duckets, to pay the Spanish Footmen, the repairing of the Streets and Lakes.

In the year 1546. was held (according to the accustomed order) a publick Par∣lament in St. Laurence, wherein was concluded, that to his Catholick Majesty should be given a donative of 240 thousand Duckets.

In the year 1548. was held (according to the ordinary manner) a publick Par∣lament in St. Laurence, wherein was decreed, that for the marriage of the Lady Mary of Austria the Emperours daughter, should be imposed five carlins on a Family, the which sum importeth a hundred and fifty thousand duckets.

In the year 1549. was held (according to the accustomed manner) in St. Lau∣rence,

a publick Parlament, wherein was decreed that there should be given to his Majesty, a donative of 600 thousand duckets, of which donative the Barons paid 200 thousand duckets, and the rest the people of the Kingdom.

In the year 1552. was held (according to the wonted manner) a publick Parla∣ment in St. Laurence, wherein was concluded that there should be given unto his Majesty a donative of 800 thousand duckets, and 22 thousand duckets was grant∣ed, which was given unto the Viceroy, because he was a great favourer of the Kingdom with his Majesty.

In the year 1553. was held (according to the accustomed manner) a general publick Parlament in St. Laurence, wherein was decreed, that there should be gi∣ven to his Majesty a donative of 30 thousand duckets.

In the year 1554. was held▪ according to the accustomed order, a general pub∣lick Parlament in St. Laurence, where was concluded that there should be given to his Majesty for the payment of his Army, 30 thousand duckets.

In the year 1555. was held (according to the wonted manner) a publick Parla∣ment in St. Laurence, where was decreed that there should be given to his Majesty a hundred and six and fifty thousand duckets to pay the Companies.

In the year 1556. was held (according to the accustomed manner) a publick Parlament in St. Laurence, where was concluded that there should be given to his Majesty 400000 duckets.

The which sum of money was devided in this manner, that is to say, the City of Naples should pay 1000 duckets, and the Barons 225000 duckets, and the rest the people should pay.

In the year 1557. was held (according to the usual manner) a general publick Parlament in St. Laurence, where was concluded, that for the great necessity which his Majesty had to pay the Spanish Footmen, and the Dutch Companies, there was granted unto him a hundred thousand duckets, and this payment was devi∣ded between the Barons and the people of the Kingdom.

In the year 1558. was held a general Parlament in St. Laurence, where was de∣creed that there should be given to the King a million of gold, and 25 thousand duckets to the Viceroy of the Kingdom, and besides nine thousand and two hun∣dred duckets to Signor Marc. Antonio Colonna, the which donatives were paid by the Barons and the people of the Kingdom.

In the year 1560. was held a publick and general Parlament in St. Laurence▪ where was concluded, that to the Kings Majesty should be given a million and 200 thousand duckets, and to the excellency of the Viceroy of the Kingdom 27 thou∣sand and five hundred duckets, the which sum of money the Barons and people of the Kingdom paid.

In the year 1562. was held a publick and general Parlament in St. Laurence, where was decreed that to the Kings Majesty should be given a million of gold, the which donative the Barons and people of the Kingdom paid.

In the year 1564. was held a publick and general Parlament in St. Laurence, where was given to his Majesty a million of gold, and sixty thousand duckets to the renowned Prince of Spain, and Duke of C••lauria his son, the which sum of mo∣ney the Barons and people of the Kingdom payed.

In the year 1566. was held a publick and general Parlament in St. Laurence, where was given to the King a million and two hundred thousand duckets, the which donative the Barons and people of the Kingdom paid.

In the year 1568. was held a publick and general Parlament in St. Laurence, where was decreed that to his Majesty should be given a million and 200 thou∣sand duckets, the which donative was paid by the Barons and people of the King∣dom.

In the year 1572. was held a publick and general Parlament in St. Laurence, where was concluded that to the Kings Majesty should be given a million and 200 thousand duckets, the which donative the Barons and people of the King∣dom paid.

In the year 1574. was held a publick and general Parlament in St. Laurence, where was given to his Majesty a million and 200 thousand duckets, the which

donative was divided between the Barons and the people of the Kingdom.

In the year 1577. was held a publick and general Parlament in St. Laurence, where was concluded that to the Kings Majesty should be given a million and two hundred thousand duckets, the which donative was devided between the Ba∣rons and the people of the Kingdom.

In the year 1579. was held a publick and general Parlament in St. Laurence, where was decreed that to his Majesty should be given a million and two hundred thousand duckets, the which donative was paid by the Barons and people of the Kingdom.

In the year 1581. was held (according to the accustomed manner) a publick and general Parlament in St. Laurence, where was concluded, that to the Kings Ma∣jesty should be given a million, and two hundred thousand duckets, the which do∣native was devided between the Barons and people of the Kingdom.

In the year 1583. the second day of Ianuary was held a publick and general Parlament, and was decreed, that to the King should be given a millon and two hundred and fifty thousand duckets, the which donative was paid by the Barons and people of the Kingdom▪

In the year 1585. was held (according to the usual manner) a publick and gene∣ral Parlament in St. Laurence of Naples, where was concluded that to the Kings Majesty should be given a million and two hundred thousand duckets, the which donative was paid two parts by the people of the Kingdom, and one by the Ba∣rons, of which payment only the City of Naples, and the Territories of the Annuntiation were free:

In the year 1587: according to the custom, was given a donative to the King, of a million and two hundred thousand duckets.

In the year 1589. was given, according to the usual custom, a donative to the King of a million and two hundred thousand duckets.

In the year 1591. was given by the Barons and people of the Kingdom, a do∣native to the King of a million and two hundred thousand duckets:

In the year 1593: was given, according to the accustomed manner, a donative to the King of a million and two hundred thousand duckets:

In the year 1595. was given a donative to the King of a million and two hun∣dred thousand duckets:

A Description of the Rivers, Lakes, Fountains, Baies, Mines, Hils, and Woods, which are in this Kingdom.

A

• THe River Acida run∣neth near Niceto, now called Donato.
• The River Amaseno runneth near Abba∣dia.
• The River Alabro runneth near Supi∣no
• The River Albula, otherwise called Matrino, runneth near Musignano.
• The River Aterno, now called Pescara, runneth near to Civita di Chieti
• The River Avinio runneth near Fratte
• The River Aventino runneth near the Fort of Rasino
• The River Alandra runneth near Sala
• The River Acheronte, now called Cam∣pagnano, runneth near Castello Franco, called in old time Pandosia, where was slain (as he was foretold by the Oracle) Alexander King of Molossus, whilst he understanding not the deceits of the devil, remained secure, having escaped another River of the same name in his own Country of Epire.
• The River Ancitula runneth near Fran∣cica
• The River Alaro, called in old time Sa∣cra, runneth near Roccella
• The River Aesaro, called also Aesano, runneth near St. Severina, and the City of Cotrone
• The River Alex runneth near the City of Alesio
• The River Areus runneth near Cosen∣za
• The River Arentho runneth near Co∣senza
• The River Abuceto hath his original from the Hill Abuceto, which is in the Isle of Ischia
• The River Angitula runneth near An∣gitula
• The River Agatha runneth near Regio
• The River Aterno, now called Pescara, runneth near Pescara
• The River Alba runneth near Manu∣pello
• The River Asinella runneth near Va∣sto
• The River Ag••ra, is in Calauria, and runneth into Faro of M••ssina
• The River Alore in Calauria
• The River Au••ido hath his original from the Hils Hirpini, and runneth by Canosa, and after into the Adri∣a••ick Sea▪ by some it is called Canne, in respect of a City of the same name, not far off, which is very famous for the great victory of Hannibal, by the overthrow which he gave to the Roman Army, by which victory Hannibal had from the hands of the Roman Knights three bus••••ls of Rings of gold; the said River is now called Lofanto
• The River Anfure, now called Ufente, runneth near the City of Terracina, called in old time Ansure
• The River Acri runneth near Sapona∣ra
• The River Arnone runneth near Ca∣stelluccia

B

• THe River Bathino, called in old time Tordino, and Juvatino is near Montepagano
• The River Basento runneth near Co∣senza, which River is very famous for the Sepulchre of Alaricus the Goth▪ with certain treasure that is there hid, and the ••light of the Empe∣ror

• ... Otho, which was overthrown by Basilius the Greek.
• The River Bato runneth near Scalea. The River Bradano runneth through Basilicata

C

• THe River Calore runneth near Be∣nevento, and riseth in the Moun∣tains of Crepacore
• The River Cervano runneth into the Haven of Taranto, called the little Sea
• The River Coraco runneth near Roc∣cella
• The River Croccia runneth near Sima∣ri
• The River Crate runneth near Cosen∣za, the water whereof maketh hair yellow, and woll white
• The River Cratallo runneth near Ca∣tanzaro
• The River Cacino runneth near Semi∣nara
• The River Cardono runneth through the territory of Cosenza, and is full of golden sand
• The River Cato Castro runneth near Mantea
• The River Cochile, called in old time Sibari, whereupon Sicel••o in the year of the world 2409. saith, the anci∣ent City Sibari was builded, the which increased through the amenity of the Country in such greatness, that it could arm sometimes three hundred thousand men; this River runneth near Cassano
• The River Coloneta runneth near Rossano
• The River Calabrice entreth into the River Sibare, and runneth near Pa∣giano
• The River Clanio, called also Glanio, runneth near Cerra
• The River Canne runneth three miles distant from the City of Venosa, and entreth into the River Lofanto, near the which Rive was in old time the beautifull City Canne, called of the Latines Canusium, the which place is so famous (both by Poets and Historians so much na∣med) for the great overthrow which Hannibal gave to the Romans, tho∣rough the tim••rity and presumption of Terentius Varro, as Livy appa∣rently declares in his 21 book, and Sillio Italico in his 9 book, Plu∣tarch in the life of Hannibal, and of Scipio, with many other Writers, in the which overthrow was slain the Consul, P. Emilio, L. Ascilio, L. Furio Bicacculo, Treasurers of the Wars, 21 military Tribunes, and many Pretors, Councellers, and E∣diles, whereof were Gn. Servilio, and Gn. Minutio Numantio, the which had been the year before Ma∣ster of the Cavaliery, and 80 Sena∣tors. There was slain in this great overthrow 40000 footmen, and 2700 of the Roman Cavalry, and as many of their friends and con••ed••∣rates and many prisoners taken. Pto∣lomeus otherwise nameth this place Canusium, and Martial making mention of Canne, thus saith,
• ...Haec tibi turbato Canusina simillima∣mulso
• ...Munus erit gaude, non fiet cito anus▪
• The River Clanto runneth near Lori∣ano
• The River Cosano runneth near Asse∣rolo
• The River Casinio now called Sangui∣no, runneth near Venafro
• The River Cales runneth near the an∣cient City of Cales, now called Cal∣vi
• The River Cerbalo runneth near Civi∣tella in Puglia
• The River Calabrice runneth near Fa∣gliano, and entreth into the River Sibare

D

• THe River Diama passeth near to Cerella

E

• The River Esaro runneth near the City of Corrone
• The River Eterno passeth near Tea∣no
• The River Evoli passeth near Evoli

F

• THe River F••••miceilo runneth near the City of Termole
• The River F••umiculo runneth near Civitella
• The River Fiterno, now called Salino, passeth near the City of S••lino
• The River Freddo passeth near the Ci∣ty of Freddo
• The River Frento, otherwise called Fortore, runneth near Larino a

• ruinated City
• The River Furore passeth near Vieteri
• The River Fanes, called also Siris runneth near the City of Benevento
• The River Fineto passeth near Regina
• The River Fibrena runneth between the City of Arpino and Sora

G

• THe River Glanco passeth near Valerosa
• The River Gineto, called also Thie∣to, runneth near the said Country
• The River Gronde passeth near the ter∣ritory of Balbino in Calauria
• The River Garga runneth two miles distant from the Country of Summo∣ranno
• The River Grande runneth near Alto∣monte
• The River Galesso runneth into the ha∣ven of Taranto, called the little Sea
• The River Garigliano, called in old time Ganicus, and now Liris, pas∣seth near the ancient City of Min∣turna, destroyed long since

I

• THe River Isauro passeth near the City of Nieto, now called Do∣nato
• The River Isclaro passeth near the City of Caserta
• The River Isauro runneth near the Ci∣ty of Agatha
• The River Ispica passeth near the City of Pietra Fitta
• The River Ipoleto passeth near Nica∣stro

L

• THe River Lite, called in old time Liris, and sometime Glanicus, is now called Garigliano; the said Ri∣ver runneth between Arce and Sora; Pliny saith that this River hath its original from the Lake Fucino
• The River Librata, of the Ancients, and among others, Pliny calleth it Albu∣la, for the whiteness thereof; the said River passeth into Abruzzo, and run∣neth not far off from Civitella of Tronto. This River springeth from the Apennine
• The River Leudo runneth near the Country of Paolo
• The River Lavo, called also Laino, runneth near Scalea
• The River Lento passeth near the Mo∣nastery of St. Liberatore, and the City of Frantana, now called Franca∣villa; this River springeth from the Hill Maiella
• The River Lucinio passeth near Rossa∣no
• The River Linterno passeth not very far from the River Vulturno
• The River Lofanto called also Aufido, runneth near Canosa, by Pliny it is named Aufidus, and it is also so cal∣led by Strabo, by Pomponius Mela, and by other ancient writers. This River riseth from a little Fountain of the Apennine hils, among the Ir∣pini, not far distant from the City of Nosco, and from hence descendeth as a little brook of water, which in sum∣mer, the course or current thereof can hardly be perceived to run 30 miles; but in the winter season it is so much augmented by other Rivers and streams which pass into it, and be∣sides through the showers and dews that are very often in that season, it overfloweth the greatest fields of Pu∣glia, so comforting and watering the Country, that it seems a large, long, and great sea
• The River Larasca springeth in Taran∣to

M

• THe River Melpi runneth near the City of the ancient Atinagia, now ruinated
• The River Moscano passeth near Piesco
• The River Metauro runneth near Maida
• The River Mesina runneth near Poli∣castro
• The River Moro passeth near Ortona to the Sea
• The River Moncata runneth near La∣cania, and Maida in Calauria, in the Territory of which Country grow the Plantane Trees, a thing very rare in Italy
• The River Medama passeth near Bel∣loforte
• The River Metauro passeth near Nico∣tera
• The River Marno passeth near Terra∣nova
• The River Melfa runneth near the an∣cient City of Atina, which was one of the five Cities which were built for the defence of Turnus against Eneas, as Virgil saith in the seventh book of his Eneidos
• ...

• The River Musanio springeth in the mountains of Crepacore

N

• THe River Nursa passeth near the Abby of St. Clement
• The River Neta passeth near Torana and Regia
• The River Neeto passeth neere Cro∣trone

O

• THe River Ocinaro, called also Sabatio, passeth near Martora∣no
• The River Obvio passeth near Cape∣strano

P

• The River Piomba runneth near To∣ritto
• The River Paola runneth near the City of Paola
• The River Pratello passeth near Piede∣monte
• The River Petrace runneth near Gi∣oia
• Lhe River Pesipo runneth near Nica∣stro
• The River Panopleto passeth near Mai∣da
• The River Pitornio runneth near the Lake Fucino
• The River Plumba passeth near Ha∣dria

R

• THe River Rufeo runneth near Ca∣ramanico
• The River Raino runneth near Pale∣no
• The River Reatio runneth near Mes∣suraca, called in old time Reati∣um

S

• THe River Sabuto passeth near No∣cera, and the ancient City of Te∣berina, which was destroyed by Han∣nibal of Carthage (and as the Anci∣ents do affirm) Ligia, one of the Si∣renes inhabited upon the mouth of the said River
• The River Sebeto, called by the La∣tines Sebethos, is a little River which passeth without the walls of the noble City of Naples, which the Neopolitans call the River Magda∣lena, by reason of a Church dedi∣cated to the said Saint, near which the said River passeth, Papin. Statio makes mention of the said River u•• his first book de Selve, saying,

  Et pulchra tumeat Sebethos alumna

  . It is also named by Virgil, by Statio, and by Colomella, and by many other writers
• The River Senno, called in old time Siri, runneth near Amendolara, and the ancient City of Sino, which was af∣terward named Heraclea, where the Statue of Minerva is very famous, which rouled the eys against the Ionii which sackt the City, not respecting it
• The River Sapre runneth near the an∣cient City of Sapri, now ruinated
• The River Semiro runneth near Squil∣lace
• The River Seminara runneth near the said Country
• The River Sebatio, called also Oci∣naro, passeth near Abatio
• The River Salinello, called also Sui∣no, passeth near Villanto
• The River Sino runneth near Corvig∣nano
• The River Sarno, called also Scafato, passeth near the City of Sarno
• The River Soricella runneth near Grot∣ta
• The River Sabaro, called by the Latins Sibaris, runneth near the ancient Ci∣ty of Turia, in Calauria, the water whereof being drank by oxen, sheep, and other cattel, makes their skins to become black, where very near is the River Crate, which worketh the con∣trary effect
• The River Saro, now called Sangro, passeth near Fossa Ceca
• The River Sento runneth near the hill Zalario
• The River Scosa passeth near Niceto
• The River Sagara, very famous in Ca∣lauria, for the cruel battel between the Locresi and the Crutonesi

T

• THe River Targine passeth near Cro∣tone
• The River Tauro passeth near Civita di Penna
• The River Tara riseth under Massafra near Taranto
• The River Tordino, called by Pliny, Vivantium, runneth near the ancient City of Flaviano, now called Castello nuovo
• The River Trinio runneth near Vasto aimone
• The River Tamaro passeth near Castel∣lo franco & the City of Morcone
• ...

• The River Tiro runneth near the Ter∣ritory of Baldino in Calauria
• The River Trero passeth near Cecca∣no
• The River Tavo runneth near the City of Tavo
• The River Tinnaria runneth near Pao∣la
• The River Turbido passeth near To∣rano
• The River Triferno, called also Pifer∣no, passeth near Termole
• The River Tropoalto runneth near A∣riano
• The River Trigno hath his beginning from Vasto, and fetching a compass, divideth Puglia from Abruzzo.
• The River Tronto, called by Ptolomy in his third book Truentinum; and by Strabo Druentum, and by Pom∣ponius Mela is named Truentium; this River riseth from the Apen∣nine. Strabo and Pliny saith that in old time was builded the Castle Truento, near the mouth of the Ri∣ver, by the people Tiburni of Dalma∣tia, and called it Truentium, which at this present remains not any men∣tion thereof, neither can it be known whether the River was named from it, or it from the River; this River runneth within 5 miles of Crapolle

V

• THe River Ufente, called in old time Ansure, from the ancient City of Ansure, now called Tarra∣cina
• The River Viciola runneth near Can∣zano
• The River Vomano, called also Ho∣mano, runneth near Calvano
• The River Volturno passeth near the ancient Volturno, now it is called the River of Capua, because it run∣neth by the said City
• The River Variano passeth near Cu∣sano
• The River Verre runneth near Bello∣monte
• The River Vado runneth near Sino∣poli
• The River Verde springeth in the Hill Maiella, between the Monastery of St. Martine, and the Castle Faran, of the Peligni (now called Abruz∣zo) the said River runneth near the City of Casale, and of Colle Ma∣cine. Vpon the bank of the said River was the body of Manfred, King of Naples, buried by the com∣mandment of the Pope, and upon his Tomb was ingraven this Epitaph,

Hic jaceo Caroli Manfredus Marie subactus, Caesaris haerede non fuit urbe locus, Sum patris ex odiis ausus confligere Petro Mars dedit hic mortem, Mors mihi cuncta tulit.

Of the Hils which are in the Kingdom.

ABuceto is a very high Hill in the Isle of Ischia, called in old time Enaria, Inarime, and Pithecusa, upon the which Hill springeth a River of the same name.

Aburno is a Hill in the Province of Lucania, now called Basilicata, which was a part of Calauria. This Hill is called of the Latines Alburnus, because it is all white. Virgil makes mention of the said Hill in the third of his Georgicks, say∣ing,

Primus Alburnum Volitans.

Atheneo, a Hill called in old time Prenusso, Sirreo, Minervio, and the Hill Equano, and now it is called the Hill of Massa, from the City of Massa which stands but a little distant from the City of Surrento. There is to be seen on the said Hill to∣wards the Sea, a great part of the ancient Temple of Minerva.

Astruno is a high Hill, which standeth but a little distant from Pozzuolo, in the midst of which Hill is a Plain very low, reduced into a circle, two miles in

compass, where is a little Pool with Sulphure-water which issueth out on every side, very comfortable and wholsome for those that are diseased and feeble. Savo∣narola maketh mention of the said Baths, calling them Astrana. Vgolino cals them Struna balnea.

Circello, named by the Latines Mons Cerces, and Circeus, and of Ptolomy, Gir∣ceum promontorium.* 1.35 This Hill lieth near to Gaeta, and was so called of Circes, the daughter of the Sun, and the Nymph Perse, sister of Aethe, King of the Colchi, the great Magitian, who being married to the King of the Sarmatians, poisoned him through the desire she had to domineer and bear rule her self, the which was the cause that she was chased away by all the people, and so she came to inhabit in this Hill, which did abound with great plenty of excellent hearbs, and there made her residence, with the which hearbs the Ancients have feigned that she trans∣formed men into beasts. There was upon the said Hill in old time a very beauti∣full and goodly City of the same name, with the Temple of Circes, and the ob∣scure Cave of Minerva, where was shewed in the time of Strabo for the truth thereof, a Cup wherein Vlisses drank. Into the said City Tarquin the proud brought many inhabitants, because the fields Pometini very large and fair were near the Sea, subject to the said Plain, as Dionysius of Alicarnassus writeth in his fifth book, and Livy in the first. Much is written of the said Hill in many places, both by Dionysius, Strabo, Livy, Pliny Pomponius, Mela, Solina, Procopio, and also Virgil in his seventh book. The said City being afterward ruinated, in place thereof was made a very strong Castle, which was a secure passage for many Ro∣man Bishops.

The Hill Carcino, now called Capo di Stilo, and by Ptolomeo named Promon∣torium Carcinum, is the longest Promontory in all Italy▪ as Pliny writeth by opini∣on of others. Barbaro in the corrections of Pliny, saith that it ought to be cal∣led Cocintum, as the ancient books of Pliny declare, and also of Polybius; Barba∣ro besides saith, that the book of Pliny was corrupted when he saith the Castle of Carceno was near to Petilia, because he should have said Caecinum, of which speaketh Filisto saying thus,

Caecinum est oppidum non multum à Sicilia distans.

The Cape of Squillace is a Hill upon the which in old time was the City of Squillac•• called by Pliny, Scyllatius, and by Strabo, by Solinus, and by Pomponi∣us, Mela Scyllatius. The said City was builded by the Atenesi, the companions of Menestro, which arived there.

Crepacore is a great back or brow of the Apennine, the which for the steepness and difficult ascent hath been so called, yet in old time it was called Grumo, from the which flowes the River Moscano. The said Hill is near to the Cave Menarda.

Cecubo is a Hill which joyneth to the Gulf of Gaeta, and near Castellone; the said Hill is very famous for the excellent Wine it yields, for it bringeth forth the strongest Grape, the Wines of Cecubo are accounted with the best, as the Fonda∣ni and Setini, whereof Martial saith,

Caecuba fundanis generosa coquuntur Amydis Vitis, & in media nata palude viret:

Casino is a high Hill, which is not very far from the City of Aquino, and the Castle Secca, both being in Campania felix. In the said Hill was in old time the City of Casino, a Colony of the Romans, as Titus Livius writeth in his ninth book, declaring that thither was brought a Colony at the same time with Minturn. And also Antonio in his Commentary speaketh likewise thereof in his 36 book; And Strabo saith that in his time there was the glorious City of the Latines. And Sillo nameth it thus in his twelfth book,

Nymphisque habitata Casini, rura evastantur:

Here was the Temple of Apollo, where was afterward builded the Stately Mo∣nastery of Casino, so named by the ruinated City. The said Monastery was built by St. Benedict for his Monks, although the buildings of the Monastery at this present are not those which the Father St. Benedict builded,* 1.36 for not long after his death all things were ruinated by the Longobards, Totila King of the Goths mo∣ved by the sanctity of St. Benedict, went up into the said Monastery, purposing to try if that were true which he had heard say of him, that is to say, that St. Bene∣dict through a prophetical spirit did know any secret or hidden thing, apparelled himself like a page, causing another to go before him cloathed in Kingly attire, who feigned himself to be Totila, but the Saint knowing of God the deceit, re∣quested him with a cheerfull countenance to come in with the rest of his follow∣ers, and pointing to the King which was so basely attired to come foremost into the Monastery. But neither this, nor any other signes of sanctity which St. Benedict shewed to the Longobards, were sufficient to bridle the fury of these Barbarians from the spoil of this Monastery, the which had been foretold to the Monks by the Father St. Benedict. It was afterward reedified upon the first foundations, and also enlarged about a 112 years after by Petronio Petronasso Bre∣sciano, through the perswasion of Pope Gregory the second,* 1.37 as Paolo Diacono wri∣teth in his sixth book of the Histories of the Longobards, and Elia Capriolo in his fifth book of his Brescian Histories. The Monks thereof have more in revenue every year then fifty thousand duckets. In the said Monastery do lie the bodies of many Saints, and chiefly that of St. Benedict the Founder and Head thereof, and of St. Scolastica his sister, whose bodies were found in the year 1543. Pliny de∣clares in the fourth chapter of his seventh book, that in the said City of Casino, in the time of the Consulship of Lucinius Crassus, and of Caio Cassio Longo, a cer∣tain girl was converted to a male kind,* 1.38 which by advice of the South-sayers was carried away into a desert Island.

Caulo, called in old time Caulon, is a high Hill in Calauria, upon the which is situated the City of Caulonia, near Locri, the said Hill is very full of Vines, whereupon the Ancients consecrated it unto Bacchus. Virgil speaketh of this Hill in the third of the Eneidos saying,

Caulonisque arces, & naufragum Scyllaceum.

Pliny in the third Book and tenth Chapter also discourseth of the said City, Stra∣bo in his sixth Book, Pomponius Mela in his second, and Stephano of the City cals it Caulonia.

Christs Hill is a high Hill, which is near the City of Pozzuolo, in the very same place which was called the Bath of Trepergole. It is said that in the time that our Saviour Jesus Christ arose from death to life, and descended into Hell, at his resurrection he took the said great Hill and stopt the hole or mouth of Hell which he made coming from thence, and for this cause (they say) it was called Christs Hill; whereupon the Poet Eustasius thus saith,

Est locus Australis, quo portam Christus Averni Fregit, & eduxit mortuus inde suos Haec domus est triplex, hinc jure Tripergula dicta. Vna capit vestes, altera servat aquam, Vtilis unda satis multum sudantibus aufert Defectum mentis, cum gravitate pedum. Haec stomachi varias facit absentare querelas, Flebile de toto corpore tollit onus. Debilis, atque piger, quibus est non multa facultas, Consulimus tali ut saepe fruatur aqua. Hujus amator aquae symptomata nulla timebit, Incolumi semper corpore laetus erit.

But I believe with the holy Catholick and Apostolick Church,* 1.39 that our Saviour Jesus Christ the son of the omnipotent God, descended into Hell, as all the Pro∣phets and holy Apostles have said; and I also believe that he arose the third day from death, as the Scriptures verify unto us; but that he should rise from this place, or any other, I am not so foolish to affirm it, or say that which I know not: For which thing I think better (as St. Augustin saith in the 8 upon Gen) to doubt, de occultis quam litigare de incertis.

* 1.40Cibele is a Hill near the City of Mercogijacono, on the top whereof was in old time a stately Temple dedicated to the honour of Cibele, Mother of the Gods. Antonio Pio in his Commentary maketh mention of this Hill, describing the way from Benevento to the Pillars; he placeth first Mercuriale, and afterward Cibele▪ Mother of the Gods. The said Temple was afterward dedicated by St. William unto the Virgin Mary; the which hill after the consecration above-said, the name of Cibele was changed into the name of Virgine, as it is called at this present, and the Congregation of the Fathers which are there is called de monte Virgine. This high Hill is separated from the Apennine, and also from the other Hils, except they touch a little at the bottom.

In the great Altar of the said Church are preserved the bodies of the three chil∣dren which by the commandment of Nechadonozor King of Babylon were put in∣to the burning Oven,* 1.41 because they would not adore the golden Image. In the said Church is a Reliquary of so much beauty and ornament for the gilding of the place, and for the many Reliques put in fair Vessels of silver and gold, that it would be very difficult to find a better, and perhaps not the like in all Christendom, as all strangers say which come thither from far Countries. In the said hill, whe∣ther by the will of God,* 1.42 whom it pleaseth many times to work marvailous ef∣fects in sundry particular places, or by any other accident, neither within the Monastery, nor the distance of 500 paces round about, can be eaten or car∣ried any flesh, or eggs, or milk, or any white-meat whatsoever, but presently it cor∣rupts and becomes full of worms, although it be powdered, boiled, baked, rost∣ed,* 1.43 or howsoever, the which thing is so manifestly known to all men, that of all those which come thither at all times of the year, none dare carry any thing, and if any w••ll carry, it will not be without that aforesaid signe.

Epopon was a Hill in the Isle of Ischia, from whence fire ascended with great fury, but is now become plain.

Falerno is a Hill near to Pozzuolo, the which was so named of a man, as Servio writeth, The Wine took its name of Falerno, which is very excellent that is had from this Hill, whereof Sillio speaketh in his seventh book:

Gravidae cui nectare vites, Nulli dant praelis nomen praeferre Falernis.

And Pliny in the sixth Chapter of his fourteenth Book doth largely discourse of the said Wine. Whereupon Varro in praising Italy, thus saith, Quid in Italia utensile non modo non nascitur, sed etiam non egregium non fit? Quod far comparan∣dum Campano? Quod triticum Apulo? Quod vino Farlerno? Quod oleum Vena∣frano? Many Writers make mention of the Wine Falerno, among whom Tibul∣lo thus saith,

Nunc mihi fumosos veteris proferte Falernos.

And the same saith,

Non tibi si pretium Campana terra daretur: Non tibi si Bacchi cura Falernus ager.

Martial also speaketh of it saying,

Resinata bibis vina Falerna.

The said place is now called the Fort of Mondragone, and the Territory thereof

passeth along even to Volturno. In the Plain of the said Hill is Campo Stellato, now called the Territory of Carinola, and also by the common people it is called Mazzone. Of what excellency this field Stellato was, may easily be understood by the words of Cicero written in his Orations against the Laws de Campi, for∣asmuch as in it he was forced to perswade that the field Stellato by no means ought to be sold by the Magistracy of ten men, when he saith, At enim ager Campanus, hac lege amittitur, orbis terre pulcherrimos. Whereupon Cicero declares that it was the proper ground of the people of Rome. Suetonius writeth that Cesar divided the field Stellato between 2009 Citizens of Rome, to get the good will of the people.

Guaro, or Gualdo, called by the Latines, mons Guarus, & Gauros, but now com∣monly called the Hill Barbaro, the said Hill is not very far from the Lake Averno, the foot whereof stretcheth even to Cuma, and to Baia. This Hill bringeth forth very fruitfull Vines, the which three times in a year yield excellent Grapes, and very precious and pure Wine,* 1.44 for which cause the Poets feigned that here was the habitation of the Nymphs. Ausonius makes mention, Idyl. 8. Pli. 14. cap. 6. and 3 book, cap. 5. Lucan lib. 2. Floro. in lib. 1. cap. 16. Giovenal, in the 8 and 9 Sat. Galen 12. Methodi, de cib bonis, & malis suc. cap. 13. & 1. de Antidot. Gioviano Pontano in the 2 Partheniae, Cicero against Rullo. Statio lib. 3.

Gargano is a famous Hill, and standeth in the Plain Puglia, now called the Pro∣vince of Capitanata. There are in the said Hill some pleasant Woods, and al∣though for the most part it be without Trees, nevertheless there are gathered many kinds of medicinable herbs for divers infirmities▪ This high and famous hil procee∣eth from the Apennine, and the circuit round about even to the lowest dissent, contains ••00 miles, and on the top of the Hill is the renowned and noble City of St: Angelo, from the which all the Hill is now so called, and there is a very fair and goodly Church in the honour of St. Michael the Archangel, whether in∣finite people resorts from sundry places of Christendom, with great superstition and frequency at all times. Many ancient Writers make mention of this Hill Gargano, among whom is Strabo, Pliny, Pomponius Mela, and Virgil in his 11 book, saying,

Victor Gargani condebat Iapygis.

And Lucan in the 5.

Apulus Adriacas exit Garganus in undas.

And Horace in the second of his verses saith,

Querceta Gargani laborent.

Hermete is a pleasant Hill which approacheth even to the City of Naples, and is commonly called the Hill of S. Hermo, because in the top thereof there is a Castle of the same name, made by King Charls the second of Angio. That excellent Poet Pontano saith in his Lepidinia, that the said Hill was so called by the fair Nymph Hermete which dwelt in the eminent and highest part of this Hill. Galen and Martial call it Trifolius mons of the three-leafed grass, which grows there every where.

Hidro is a high Hill which is in the Province of the Country of Otranto, the which hill is called by the Latinists Hydruntum, and by Pliny and Strabo, Hydrus, and Hydruntis.

The Hill Miseno, or the Promontary of Campagna felix, stands but a little di∣stant from Cuma, it is named Misenus by Strabo, Dionisius of Alicarn. Pliny▪ An∣tonino, Virg. Tacitus in his 5, 14, and 15 book, and by Ptolomy it is called Pro∣montorium Misenum. Likewise Sillio makes mention in his 8. It was so named according to Dionisius in his first book by Miseno, a worthy man, and a follower of Aeneas which died there, the which Virgil affirms in his 6 book of Eneidos,* 1.45 when he reciteth that Miseno being dead, Eneas wholly discomforted, demanded

of Achate, what they should do, and where they should bury him. And at the last was here buried,* 1.46 and of him was called Miseno, for before the coming of Eneas the said Hill was called Aereo. For Virgil saith in the sixth of the Eneid.

Praeterea jacet exanimum tibi corpus amici.

And somewhat lower,

Quem socium exanimum vates, quod corpus humandum Diceret▪ atque illi Misenum in lictore sicco Vt venere vident indigna morte peremptum: Misenum Aeolidem, quo non prestantior alter Aere ciere vos, Martemque accendere cantu, Hectoris hic magni fuerat comes.

And a little farther,

Nec minus intereà Misenum in lictore Teucri Flebant: & cineri ingrato suprema ferebant.

In describing the manner of his grave after a few Verses saith,

At pius Aeneas ingenti mole sepulchrum Imposuit, suaque arma viro, remumque tubamque Monte sub Aerio, qui nunc Misenus ab illo Dicitur, aeternumque tenet per secula nomen.

Pomponius Mela, and Solinus say, that this Miseno (from whom the said Hill taketh its name) was the Trumpeter of Eneas. And Servio upon the third and sixth of the Eneid. saith that Eneas being desirous to raise the souls of the dead which remained in Hell, out of the Lake Averno, but being unable to do it, un∣less he first kil'd some man,* 1.47 and after sacrificed him to the Gods of Hell; to this effect he killed his beloved Trumpeter Miseno, and after the sacrifice ended he ob∣tained his desire. Upon the said Hill was in old time a Tower called Faro, on the which both day and night did burn a continual light, as a signe for Marriners to sail with the more security. The said Hill is streightned in the manner of a Pro∣montory of three breadths compassed with the Sea, and in the said Cape where it begins to be narrow, although it be naturally full of Caves, it is so hollow and vaulty by means of the buildings that are thereon, raised and supported with Pil∣lars, and built with Marble, that it seems as a Hill down-hanging, and within there was (as is to be seen) Baths, and very delicate banqueting places, among the which there was one called the Cave Traconaria, so named of Traconibus, for that 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, signifieth water-courses, as Francisco Titelmanno noteth in 148 Psalm. The said Cave is very large, long, and high, built in an admirable manner, and part of it is standing, and part half ruinated, and also some part wholly gone. That part which is to be seen lieth in this sort, It hath in the midst an entrie of 200 handsbreadth in length, and 18 in breadth, having on both sides four lodgings vaulted in largeness some 12 and some 16 hands breadth, being between some of them the space of 12 hands breadth, and between others 18. In these spaces are 4 dores, every one the breadth of 12 hands, the one distant from the other 16, except the first distance, which is in the entrance 18. but the other distances be∣tween the said dores are equal. The Arches are supported and made with cross inter∣lacing. It is a thing very certain (as it is commonly judged of all) that the said Caves were made to preserve water. On that side of the Hill which lies towards Cuma, the said Hill hath a poole of the Sea called Mare Mortuum, and round a∣bout upon the brow and edg of the main-land appear the ruines and goodly foun∣dations of ancient buildings, and this was the place where Suctonius saith that Octavius Augustus kept his Army by Sea near Miseno, for the guard and defence

of the Terrene Sea, of France, Spain, Mauritania, and of Africa, and of the Isles which lie in the midst thereof,* 1.48 of the which Army Plinio Veronese was Cap∣tain at the time that the Hill Vesuvio burnt, where he died whilst he attempted to see the great exhalations of that Hill, which cast the ashes even into Africa, Siria, and Egipt, Afterward within the land appears Foundations, incredible to those that have not seen them, where they now say is a wonderfull Lake, for these being (as it seems) the foundations of a goodly Palace that was in this part, which re∣maineth there standing, supported with very high Pillars, being a hundred and six∣ty paces long, and in breadth 250. and so fair that it seems new, and I believe it was the Palace of L. Lucullus, which he had near Baia to dwell pleasantly in the time of Winter, because it stands in a very warm place. Whereof Plutarch ma∣keth mention in the life of the said Lucullus, declaring that L. Lucullus having invited Pompey in the Summer season to his house Frascato, which is near Rome, seemed to jest and flout at him, saying he was not well advised,* 1.49 to build so goodly and stately a house as that was, being full of so many open Galleries, and broad Windows, and exposed both to the winds and cold; that though in Summer he might well inhabit, yet in Winter time it was utterly to be abandoned. To which he saith, that Lucullus also scoffingly, answered him,* 1.50 that Pompey was decei∣ved in him, because he had better played the wise Crane, then he had done, for that house he only built for the Summer-season, having another as fair at Baia for the Winter, where was a continual Spring. The Tombs and Reliques of this Pa∣lace, and other ancient Monuments, which are half standing and half ruinated, which are to be seen in these places, are such, that it seems as if there had been an absolute City, rather then a House. Of the said Hill Miseno, Strabo makes men∣tion in his fifth book, Cicero in the second of his Filippice, Antonio in his Com∣mentarie, Ptolomy in his third book,* 1.51 Suetonius in the 2 cap. 49. Plin in the 3. cap. 16. Tacitus in the 19 book, Sill. in the 8. Proper. in the 3. and in the 18. Statio in the 3 Sat. 1. and of modern Writers Iohn Pontano in his 6 book of the Warrs of Naples.

Massico is a famous Hill which stands in Campania felix,* 1.52 and is now called the Fo•••• of Mandragone, of a certain City that is there, which hath the title of a Duke. This excellent Hill is very famous, as well in old time as in these our daies, for the singular and delicate Wine which it yields, being of a golden and amber colour, of a sweet and odoriferous savor, and of a most delicious and pleasing taste; these Vines grow in the top of the Hill The Territory thereof in old time ex∣tended even to the Walls of Sinuessa, a Colony of the Romans, and with the back and ridg thereof the said Hil stretcheth to Cali, now named Calvi, even to the left side of the Territory of Venafro, so that it confined on the one side with the Territory of Falerno, now called Gaudo, which in like manner brought forth these precious and excellent Wines of the colour of gold, which were so pleasing to the Roman Empero••s, and of whom Iulius Cesar,* 1.53 as Pliny in the 15 cap. of the 14 lib. writeth, honoured therewith his Feasts, and most renowned Banquets which he made in Rome. Of this Hill Massico, Virgil maketh mention in many places, and chiefly in the second book of his Georgicks, saying,

Sed gravidi fruges, & Bacchi Massicus humor.

And in the 7 of Eneid.* 1.54

Verunt soelicia Baccho Massica.

Sillio Itallico in his 7 book,

Massicus uviferis addebat nomina globis

And the same saith in another place,

Massica sulcabit mulcere Falernus in aevo.

And Horace in his first book of Verses,

Est qui nec veteris pocula Massici.

Of the Wine Falerno, Galen makes mention in his second lib. de ar. cur. de san: tuen. cap. 6,* 1.55 and in cap. 5. and in many other places; and if any man desires to know more, he may read Persius in the third Satyr, Giovinal in the Sat. 8. Silli∣us in the 7 lib. Tibullus in the second; Horace in the second book of Verses, Ovid in the fourth de Ponto, Titus Livius in the first, Plin. the 14 book cap, 3. Macrobio the third de Saturnali, L. Floro in the first book, and of modern Writers, Iacobo Perfetto, and Iohn Baptista in the book of the nature of Wines.

Minervio is a Hill, or rather a Promontory which standeth directly against the Isle of Capre,* 1.56 where upon an arm of the Hill are situate these Cities, Surrento, Massa, and Vico. The said Hill by Pliny and Pomponius Nola, is called Promon∣torium Minervae, and by Strabo it is named Sirreum Atheneum & prenussum. Now it is called the Cape of Campanella, because there stands a Tower as a guard which with the sound of a Bell makes a signe of the discovery of such Ships and Gallies as sails upon the Coast.

* 1.57Maiella is a very high Hill which is separated from the Apennine, and standeth in the Province of the Peligni, and Sanniti, now called Abruzzo, the said Hill is discovered very far through the great height thereof, whose top is almost continu∣ally covered with snow; it is very rough and craggie▪ and the passage very difficult to the top on every side, near to the which are many Cities and Towns, many Ri∣vers flow from it, and there are many Woods full of wild beasts, and chiefly Bears and Wolves. St. Peter of Morovo the Hermit, inhabited in this high Hill, being afterward called Pope Celestine the fifth, from whom the Religion of the Celestini had their original. Olibano, now called the Hill Libano. The said Hill stands but a little distant from Pozzuolo,* 1.58 and is full of very hard flint-stones, and therefore very barren and without Trees, it was called Olibano, because in Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 is as much as to say, all, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 barren. Suetonius saith in his fourth book, c. 37: that the Roman Emperor Ca. Caligula caused the said Hill to be cut and digged, and commanded that all the Streets in Italy should be paved with the flints there∣of.* 1.59 Antonino Panormita makes mention of the said Hill in his fifth Epistle, di∣rected to Nicolo Piscicello Archbishop of Salerno. At the foot of the said Hill, on that side which lies towards the Isles of Nisita, are two Baths, the one called the little Bath, and the other the stony Bath; it was called the little Bath, for the little Fountain thereof, nevertheless it is of so great vertue and efficacy, that the weak and diseased think that here is not only water▪ but even God himself, because it comforteth the head, the stomack, and all the other parts of the body, it clear∣eth the cloudie thickness of the eies, and restoreth a weak sight, it drives away the Quartane, continual and quotidian Feaver, and to conclude, it cureth any grief, caused by what disease soever. The Neopolitans were wont to make use of this water before any other. Whereupon the worthy Poet Eustasius of Matera speak∣ing of this Bath saith,

Inter aquas Pelagi proprè littus sub pede rupis, Magnus in effectu fons breve nomen habet. Balneolum dictum tantae virtutis amicum, Vt patiens illic sentiat esse Deum. Nam morbo quocunque dolet, seu rheumate quovis, Lotus aqua tali tempore liber abit, Et caput, & stomachum, renes, & caetera membrae Comfortat, tepidam si renovabis aquam. Haec prodest oculis, oculorum nube fugata, Consumptos reficit, quos tenet aegra fames. Materiamque rudem consumit, & amphimerinen. Plus aliis hoc gens Parthenopaea sovet.

Of this Bath Savanarola, Vgolino, and Franciotto makes mention, calling it Bal∣neum foris crypte; Mengo saith that the Mine thereof is Alume, Copper, and Iron.

Under the Rock of the said Hill Olibano (as we have before said) is the stony Bath, and is so called because the said Fountain springeth from a Rock;* 1.60 this Bath breaketh the stone in the bladder, provoketh urine, purgeth the sand, and expel∣leth gravel, it healeth the pain of the head, cleareth the sight, maketh the deaf to hear, and driveth the sound and noise from the ears, it greatly comforts the heart and the stomack. The water of the said Bath drank luke-warm, purgeth the in∣trails and inward parts. Of this stony Bath thus writeth Eustasius,

Cui Petra dat nomen, mirum reor esse Lavacrum, Quod lapidem possit frangere, nomen habet. Infestos capiti solet hoc arcere dolores. Auribus auditum praestat, & addit opem. Lumina tergit, nebulis maculosa fugatis, Pectoris, & cordis esse medela potest. Vesicas aperit renes expurgat arena, Interiora lavat potus, & hujus aquae. Quam pluries vidi calidam potare petrosos, Queis Vrina fuit post lapidosa satis. Vos igitur, quibus est durus cum pondere mictus, Assiduus talis liberat usus aquae.

From that part of the Hill which lyeth towards Pozzuolo, at the foot thereof is another Bath called Ortodonico,* 1.61 and is so named because it springeth in the Bishops Garden, the passage into it is to be descended by certain stairs, and the dore there∣of standeth towards the South, and therefore it is very dangerous for a man to enter into it, because the South wind blowing, the heat of the exhalations inclosed, seeking to get out, easily stisleth whosoever is within it; but the water being car∣ried out, it reviveth and comforteth the bodies which are made faint and feeble through feavers, helpeth the stomack, and taketh away the nauseousues and desire to vomit, and cureth the feaver. Alcadino writeth of this Bath in this sort,

Haec manet absconso telluris lympha meatu, Hanc via sub terris plena timoris habet. Tu cave ne subeas thermas spirantibus Austris, Ne calor inclusus sit tibi causa necis. Haec aqua mira nimis consumptis est bona valde, Restaurat corpus nobilis usus aquae. Infirmos sicubi febris tenuaverit artus, Et putat extremam tristis ad esse diem. Has fidens intrabit aquas, & sepe frequentans, Sentiet in robur se rediisse vetus Phthisis, ephermerine febres & nausea turpis. Pellitur his thermis, hectica victa fugit.

Palinuro is a Promontory so named in the Province of the Principality on this side, and of the Ancients was called the Promontory of Palinuro,* 1.62 from which a little distant was in old time the ancient City of Hielia,* 1.63 which was afterward cal∣led Velia, and (as Strabo saith) was endued with excellent Laws and Statutes, and invironed with a strong Wall, and valiant people, and contended a long time with the Lucani, and Possidoniati. Of the which City the ruines are to be seen, and was distant from Possidonia, (as Strabo saith) 200 furlongs; Writers affirm, and especially Pomponius Mela, and Servio upon this Verse of Virgil. in 6.

Nigens crudelis, &c.

* 1.64That the said Province of Palinuro was so named of Palinuro of Phrigia, a Stiler of Eneas ship, which was there buried of which mention is made in many places, and among others in the seventh book, where he doth describe very parti∣cularly his death, and his grave, much commending him.

The Promontory Poss••untio of the Province of Principato on this side, is now called the Cape of Pisciotta; Strabo calleth the Country, the River, and the Ha∣ven Possiuntum.

Pausilipo is a very pleasant and fruitfull Hill of Campania felix, wholly manu∣red and adorned with goodly Towns and Villages,* 1.65 and is but a mile distant from Naples, and stretcheth towards the South even to the Sea, making many dales, which is the cause that all the discents and banks are very pleasant and delightfull through the many Va••lies. There are also many Gardens full of fruitfull Trees, and especially Oringes, Citrons, Limons, and other fruit. Pliny saith in his 9. book, and cap. 53. that in this pleasant Hill Cesar had a very beautifull house with Fish pools, wherein was cast a Fish by Pollione Vedio▪ which lived 60 years; Pollio∣ne was Lord of the said place, and dying, bequeathed it (as Dion saith) to Augu∣stus. This house was near to the highest part of the said Hill, in the place which is now called the fatal Cave, where at this present are to be seen the Baths which Cesar had there, whereupon by this it may be judged how pleasant this excellent Hill hath been, and especially for the banishing of sadness and melancholy from frail and feeble minds; for which cause it hath that Greek name, for 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 sig∣nifieth in Latine queis, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 is as much as to say sadness. Near the side of this pleasant and delightfull Hill, are to be seen round about infinite buildings of An∣tick stately workmanship, which time hath utterly defaced; and on the side to∣wards Naples, is the fair Village of the Prince of Stigliano, called Serena, and towards Chiaia at the foot of the Hill is the pleasant place of Morgilino, so named by the swimming of the fishes, where the learned Iacobo Sannazaro the darling of the Muses composed his divine Eg••ogues, and reedified a Church to St. Mary of the birth, in whose honour he composed Latine Verses, a most excellent and rare work of the deliverance of the said Virgin, in which Church in a goodly Tomb of Marble, with his picture carved thereon is he buried, on the which Sepulchre the Cardinal Pietro Bembo caused this Epitaph to be ingraven,

D. O. M. Da sacro cineri flores, hic ille Maroni Syncerus Musa, proximus, ut tumulo:

At the foot of the Hill on the side towards the Sea, is the delightfull place of St. Mary of Piedigrotta, and on this side lieth the Cave of Cocceio, which some attri∣bute to Basso, and some to Lucullus, made after the manner of that of Cuma, the which is wholly cut artificially out of the Rock. Upon the hill in the right side towards the entrance of the Cave, in the way towards Naples, is Virgils Sepulchre, the which neither Biondo nor Razzano could find. But being found in these daies, I went to see it with that excellent Lawyer Fabio di Giordano, a worthy Poet, and a great Herbalist, and a searcher of Antiquities, and with us also went the Lord Geronomo Colonna, and Paolo Portarello, persons of great judgment and wisdom: Being come to the place, we found upon the said Cave a Chappel smoothly vault∣ed round about with Marble, and within were places for Images to stand, in the midst was a Tomb of Marble with four little Pillars likewise of white Marble, the which supported a Coffin whereon were ingraven these Verses,* 1.66

MANTVA me genuit, CALABRI rapuere, tenet nunc PARTHENOPE, cecini paseua, rura, Duces.

Opposite thereto without the Chappel, was an Epitaph of white Marble, with these modern Verses ingraven,

Qui cineres tumulo haec vestigia? conditur olim Ille hoc qui cecinit pascua, rura, Duces.

After we had well considered the place, and among other things worthy to be no∣ted, which we beheld looking up to the top of the said Chappel, was a great Bay-Tree naturally growing,* 1.67 for the roots thereof took hold through the chinks and crevises of the Wall. Whereupon I presently thought that this was the very true Sepulchre of Virgil, and that nature had caused that Bay-Tree to grow as a signe to discover unto us that here lay the ashes of that great Poet▪ So Seignieur Colonna said▪ my masters, this requi••••th matter for us to do something wor∣thy memory, and he would not de••ert from thence till every one of us had made certain Verses; and because I was the youngest of the company▪ he said unto me, Seignieur Scipio▪ by the rule of the Law, you ought to begin first. And so presently we made those Verses.

Quod sacr•• Va••is cincres, tumulamque Maronis Sponte sua hic viridis laurus adulta t••gat. Indicat, & musis, & di••is s••••iper amicum Virgilium, speret cui fore nemo parem.

Then said the worthy Fabio,

Busta ubi grandi loqui s••eterant▪ tumulumque Maronis, Vastaque saculorum pondera saxa ruunt: Delphica formosis increvic frondibus arbor: Atque injussa sacras explicat alta comas Ne tanti cineres vati•• sine honore jacerent, Ossicium praestat laurus amica suum.

Seignieur Fabio having ended, D. Paolo began to say,

Quod super hunc tumulum crevit Parnasia laurus Sponte sua manesque pios atque essa Maronis Atque loci genium viri••ant•• protegat umbra Divini vd••is signat reverenter honores Vt quoniam nemo ante illum▪ nec post erit unquam Qui sid ruris opes, tali vel carmine reges Diceret, illius vigat per secula nomen Laurus ut haec tumulo foliis frondentibus extat, Observatque memor sacri monumenta poetae.

Sarno is a Hill so called of the City of Sarno,* 1.68 which is situated at the foot of the Hill, where also a River taketh its name which runneth hard by, near to the mouth whereof was Pompey, and not far from the Hill Vosco••o, as Pliny saith, they were named the Pompeians (as Solino affirmeth by Hercoles) which brought thither his oxen with great pomp from Spain. The Pompeians had a long Coun∣try full of goodly Villages. The said Country began at the point where is now the Tower of the Annuntiation, and stretcheth even to Castello à mare,* 1.69 beyond the River Sarno. In old time (as Strabo declares) in these places did first inhabit the Osci, and after the Toscani, the Peligni, and also the Sanniti, the which were dri∣ven out by the Romans. This pleasant Country yieldeth excellent Wines. Pliny writeth in the 6. cap. of the 14 book, that the said Wines grew still to their great∣est perfection and goodness even till ten years, age not any thing impairing them. This fair and pleasant Country of the Pompeians, was for the most part destroy∣ed by an Earthquake in the time of Nero, which was one of the best parts of the Province of Campania felix.

Taburo is a high Hill near Capoa; in old time it was called Mons Taburnus, as Virgil declareth in the 2 of the Georgicks,

Neu segnes jaceant terrae, juvat Ismara Bacco Conserere, atque olea magnum vestire Taburnum.

And elsewhere of the said Hill, and particularly in the twelfth book is made men∣tion, saying,

At velut ingenti Sylvae summoque Taburno.

Trifolino is a Hill which joyneth even with the City of Naples, and called by the common people, the Hill of St. Hermo, and sometimes of St. Martino, because upon the top of the said Hill there is a very fair Church, and a Monastery of Car∣thusian Monks, under the name of St. Martin; the other Church of St. Hermo stands within the Castle, which was builded by Charls the first of Angio King of Naples, for a defence and guard of the said City. The said Castle was newly fortified by the Emperor Charls the fifth. All this Hill is beautified with goodly buildings,* 1.70 and other worthy edifices; this pleasant Hill yieldeth excellent Wines, which are much commended by Galen 5 Salubrium. & 1 de antid. and Martial in Xenia speaking of the Wine Trifolino, thus saith,

Non sum de primo fateor Trifolina Lyaeo Inter vina tamen septima vitis aero.

It is called the Hill Trifolino by reason of the three-leafed grass, which growes there very plentifully.

Tifata is a Hill which lies above Capoa, whereof Sillio speaketh,

* 1.71Tifata umbrisico generatum monte Calenum.

Titus Livius likewise nameth it in the seventh and twentisixth book, describing that Hannibal departing from the Brutii, came into these places to relieve Capoa, besieged by Q. Fulvius, and Appius Claudius, the Roman Consuls, and pitcht his Camp in a Valley but a little distant from the said Hill, with the greatest part of his Army, and with 30 Eliphants.

Vesevo, or Vesuvio, is a hil that stands over against Naples, and opposite to the Pom∣peians,* 1.72 divided on every side with high hils, and hath at the foot thereof round a∣bout many pleasant Woods, but in the top is very dreadfull, hideous, and unpas∣sable, in the midst whereof is a great hole made with fire, which seems as a Thea∣tre digged even out of the bowels of the Hill, from whence in old time did ascend great abundance of fire. Of these flames Beroso the Caldean in his fifth book of Antiquities maketh mention, saying, that in the last year of the King Arli, the 7 King of the Assirians, the said Hill burned. Suetonius in the life of Titus saith, that in the time of the said Emperor it yielded also great abundance of fire. Of the like fire in the same manner relateth Dion the Greek; the said fire burned two Cities that stood near unto it, that is to say, Erculanio, and Pompey. After the fire had continued three daies and three nights, it cast so many ashes with so great violence, that they were carried with the force of the wind even into Africa, into Syria, and into Egipt; whereupon Pliny being desirous to see the cause of these fires, went even to the Tower Ottavi, and there was stifled with the smoke which rose from the said hill. This burning was the cause that the Curati were created in Rome for the Country of Lavoro, whose office was to provide for those incon∣veniencies in all that Country. Vesevo is now much tilled, and yieldeth excellent Greek Wine, and great store of Corn, and there is also gathered great plenty of good fruits; it is now called the Hill of Somma, because it standeth over against Naples. On the one side it hath the Fields, on the other the Sea; at the foot of the hill is the fair City of Somma, which is adorned with the Title of Duke. Of the said Hill thus saith Sillio Italico in the 12 book,

Monstrantur Veseva juga, atque in vertice summo Depasti flammis scopuli, fractusque ruina Mons circum, atque Aethnae satis carentia saxa.

And Martial in the 4 book of his Epigrams,

Hic est Pampineis viridis, vesuvius umbris Praesserat hic madidos nobilis uva locus. Haec juga quam Nysae colles plus Bacchus amavit Hoc nuper satyri monte dedere choros. Haec veneris sedes Lacedaemone gra••ior illi Hic locus Herculeo nomine clarus erat Cuncta jacent flammis, & tristi mersa favilla Nec superi vellem hoc licuisse sibi.

Some say that Vesuvio was so called for the sparkles of fire which in old time it cast out, as it were full of sparkles, for in old time a sparkle was called Vesuvia. Others say that it was also named Vesbio, of Vesbio Captain of the Pelasgi, which did domineer and command the said Hill. Servio was deceived in expounding those words of Virgil in the 7. saying,

Et vicina Veseva ora jugo.

because he saith that Vesevio is not the same that is Vesuvo, and that the first stan∣deth in Liguria, from whence the River Po floweth, and that the second is in Cam∣pania felix. Nevertheless by the authority and testimony of excellent and grave Writers, that hill of Liguria hath been called Vesuvio.

FENNS.

THe Fenn Pontana, called of the Latinists Palus Pontina, was so named (as Strabo saith) from the City of Pometia, sometimes a Colony of the Romans, made at the same time with Suessa, according to T. Livi••s in his 9 book. It pro∣ceedeth of two Rivers, the one called Aufido, the other Vfente; of the first Vir∣gil maketh mention, saying, Et in mare volvitur Vfeus. And in the 7. Vfeus insig∣nis fama. Now it is vulgarly called Aufente, and also Baudino. This Fenn is so large, that as Pliny saith, with the authority of Mutiano, that there were 24 Ci∣ties. Titus Livius writeth in his 47 book, that the said Fenn was dried up by the Consul Cornelio Cethego, and the ground became solid and firm to sow corn.* 1.73 But in process of time, care being not had thereof, it returned to its pristinate state, and was all filled with water; the which Theodorico King of the Goths noting, caused it to be made drie another time. At this present the said fields are become for the most part so moorish, as well by the means of the said Rivers, as the great flowing of the waters, which spring from the bottom of the bordering hils round about, and there settle and remain, their ancient passages being stopt, whereby they were wont to depart and pass into the Sea. So by this means there is to be seen a great Moor: Upon this Fenn or Moor was the City of Terracina, called in old time Ansure, which was the chief and head City of the Vlosci. Strabo saith that in former time it was called Trachina, which is to say sharp and rough, by reason of the stony ••ils where it is situate. Servio saith, that in Terracina was adored a little Iupiter called Ansur••,* 1.74 which in Greek signifies as it were not sha∣ven,

because he had no beard by reason of his youth; whereupon Martial in the 10 of his Epigrams, writing to Faustine, thus saith,

O nemus, ò fontes, solidumque madentis arenae, Lictus, & aequoris splendidus Anxur aqueis.

And Horace in h••s Poetry saith,

Sterilique diu palus, aptaque remis Vnicas urbes alit: & grave sentit aratrum.

Servio also saith, that not very far from Terracina, was a City called Satura. Suetonius Tranquillus writeth that Tiberius being invited to a Feast at Terracina, in a place called Pretorio, suddenly fell from aloft many great stones, which kild many of his friends and followers, and himself hardly escaped. Spartiano saith, that Antonino Pio repaired the Haven of Terracina. This City had also the im∣munities and priviledges of Anzo, and of Hostia, the which were likewise suspen∣ded at the coming of Asdrubale into Italy.

Acherusa is a Fenn or Moor, which is now called Coluccia, and are certain waters of a rusty iron colour, which amaze whosoever see them, and overspread much ground between Capoa and Aversa, infecting the air, and making the earth unfruitfull, through the great abundance in that Plain, whereby the Country be∣comes altogether unprofitable. It stretcheth even to Cuma, overflowing every place, the which is so plain, that the water runneth not, but in summer is accu∣stomed to be drie. Of the which water none in old time would taste, believing it was an infernal water, which distilled from the near adjacent waters, through the great heat of Fl••giton; whereupon they builded there a Temple to Pluto the God of Hell. The Ancients have also said that Hercules at his departure from Hell, took the Crown from the head of Oppius, and planted it for a memorial on the side of the said Moor; whereupon the Poets afterward feigned that all the Pop∣pies that grew there had black leaves. Pliny makes mention of this Moor in his 3 book, Strabo in the 5 book, Sill. in the 8. Virgil in the 6 of Eneid. saying,

Vnum oro, quando hic Inferni janua regis Dicitur, & tenebrosa palus Acheronte refuso.

Of LAKES.

ANsanto, of the Latinists called Amsanctus, is a Lake which lieth between Lu∣cania and the Irpini, the water whereof yieldeth a stinking savour like Brim∣stone, and therefore all the fowles that fly over it fall down dead to the earth. Ci∣cero nameth this Lake in the 1 of Divinat. saying, Mortifera quaedam pars est, ut Amsancti in Hirpinis, & in Asia Plutonica, quae vidimus. And Virgil in the 7. of the Eneid.

Est locus Italiae in medio sub montibus altis, Nobilibus, & fama multis memoratus in oris. Amsancti valles.

Agnano is a Lake which lieth near Pozzuolo, and is invironed with high Rocks, the said Lake is very deep, and yieldeth not any thing but Frogs. In the Spring time there are often seen many heaps and bundles of Serpents, which are smother∣ed

and stifled in the water by divine providence, the which permitteth not that they multiply and increase, being so pernicious to humane nature.

Averna is a deep Lake which is three miles distant from Cuma, and is called of the Latinists Avernus,* 1.75 it was so named (as Nonio Marcello saith) for the mortal and deadly savour of the water against birds and fowles, which incontinently die if they fly but over it. It is compassed round about with high Hils, except at the entrance. Round about it are very delightfull and pleasant places; in this Lake were men sacrificed, and here also, as Homer declareth, was Elphenore slain by Vlisses, and sacrificed, and likewise Miseno by Eneas. The water of this Lake hath a brackish and salt taste, and a black colour. In old time the said Lake was invironed with thick Woods, through the shadow whereof it was alwaies ob∣scure and fearfull; whereupon Augustus caused all the Woods to be cut down: On the left hand in the turning of the Lake, is the Cave of Sibilla; and a little farther near the water is the Temple of Mercury, the ruines whereof are yet to be seen. Of this Lake Aristotle maketh mention, de admirabilibus mundi. Valer. Flac. lib. 2. Seneca in Troade. 9. Curt. lib. 8. Dion. in 5. of Antiquities, Vibio Sequestre, Nonio Marcello, Strabo, Pontano, in the 2. and especially Virgil in the 6▪ saying.

Inde ubi venere ad fauces graveolentis Avern•• Tollunt se celeres.

And a little farther,

Quam super ••aud ullae poterant impune volantes Tendere iter pennis, talis sese halitus arris, Faucibus effundens supera ad convexa fetebat, Vnde locum Grai dixerunt nomen Averni.

Very near the Lake Averno is the Lake Lucrino, whereof we will speak in its place.

Andoria is a Lake in Puglia, and named by Pliny, Mandarium, and by Boccas in his book of Lakes Andurium, from a Castle very near unto it, called Andurio,* 1.76 the said Lake is not very far from the shore.

The Lake Fucino, named by Strabo, Lacus Fucinus, and likewise by other Writers, the said Lake is commonly called Celano. This lake is in the Country of the Marsi, now called Abruzzo on the other side; it is in compass 30 miles, and is very full of excellent fishes, where is also great fowling for Mallards, wild-Geese, and Swans. Round about the Lake are the Castles of St. Apetito, and St. Iona, and these other places and Cities also Paterno, Transaco, Giagano, Avezza∣no, Magliano, and Celano, is under the title of a Count, a very rich and populous Country, from whose name this Lake was also called Celano. The River Giovento entreth into the said Lake, and runneth upon the water easily to be perceived, in such manner, that as it entreth in, and runneth upon it, so also it returns without mingling it self with it. In the said Lake was swallowed up the magnificent City Archippa, built by Marsia, King of the Lidi. Iohn Pontano declareth in his book de Magnificentia, that the Emperor Claudius maintained eleven years continual∣ly 30 thousand men to dam up this Lake, the which water Martia in his Edileship conveyed to Rome, and called it by his name, which was esteemed and commend∣ed before any other water that was brought thither; Martial besides makes men∣tion of this Lake, saying,

Fucinus, & pigri taceantur stagna Neronis.

Lusina is a Lake so called of Lusina, a City of Capitanata▪ this Lake is di∣stant from the said City little less then a mile,* 1.77 near to the which the River For••ore runneth into the Sea. This Lake is forty miles in compass, and by Pliny is called Lacus Pantanus, which breedeth excellent fishes.

Lucrino is a Lake near the Gulf of Bain, in Campania felix, directly against

Pozzuolo, it is commonly called the Lake of Licola. This Lake Lucrino was for∣tified by Hercoles to keep his oxen he brought from Gerion: It was afterward much better amended and ordered by Agrippa. Strabo saith that he made it in that sort that boats might pass into it; some say that this Lake Lucrino was so called de Lucro, that is to say from the gain and commodity that arise of the fishes that are therein taken, and from this Lake there goeth a way to Averno. In this Lake Lucrino, there is plenty of Oysters, whereof Martial speaketh,

Non omnis laudem, preceumque Aurata meretur Sed cui solus erit Concha Lucrina cibut.

And in another place saith,

Ebria Baiano veni modo Conca Lucrino Nobile nunc sitio luxuriosa Garnum.

Pliny writeth in the 9 lib. cap. 8. that in the time of Augustus, there was a Dolphin in this Lake Lucrino, and that a poor mans son which daily went to school to Baia by Pozzuolo,* 1.78 seeing him, began to call him Simon, and very often with pieces of bread which he carried for this purpose, so inticed and allured him, whereupon the Dolphin grew greatly in love with him; by which means being called by the boy at any time whatsoever, though he were hid, and in the bottom of the Lake, nevertheless he would presently come and take the meat from the boys hand, and afterward suffer him to mount upon his back, laying down his sharp fin, and so take him up and carry him to Pozzuolo, playing with him through a great part of the water, and in like manner would return with him, and this he continued for many years, until the boy died; and the Dolphin coming to his ac∣customed place, and missing him, so lamented and sorrowed, till in the end he pi∣ned away; and also died with very grief.

The Lake of Patria is a very great Lake, and full of fish, and i•• near to Lintur∣no in Campania felix. On the right hand of the said Lake, not very far from the Sea is to be seen at this present, a Tower not very ancient, called Patrio, built up∣on the ruines of Linterno,* 1.79 which was the Town of Scipio Africano, for Ptolomeo, Pliny, and Mela, and Livio, placed Linterno between Vulturno and Cuma: Scipio Africano made choice to live rather in Linterno, as a voluntary exile, then to a∣bide in Rome among such ungrateful people, because he had experience of that true Proverb, That a benefit is seldom rewarded but with ingratitude. Scipio dying,* 1.80 left in his Will, that this Epitaph should be ingraven upon his Tomb,

Devicto Hannibale capta Carthagine, & aucto Imperio, hos cineres marmore tectus habes, Cui non Europa, non obstitit Africa quondam (Respice res hominum) quam brevis urna praemit.

The Lake Fondano, named Fandanus through the error of Pliny, instead of Fundanus, as the learned Barbaro noteth. The said Lake is in the Province of the Country of Lavoro, near Formia, and Villa Castello. There are very good fish had from this Lake, and especially great Eels.

The fame and report being every where spread, that S••ipio remained at Linterno, thither repaired certain notorious Pirats to visit and honour him,* 1.81 drawn by the fame and renown of his many victories. By this clearly appears the force of ver∣tue, how powerfull and puissant it is even amongst all people, that it inforceth not only the good to love it, but also the wicked and reprobate to honour and em∣brace it.

Salapia is a Lake in Pugli•• Daunia, which is now called the Province of Capi∣tanata:

The Lake Varrone, called in old time Gerne, lieth in the Province of Capitanata▪

and is thirty miles in compass, where are these Cities, Cappino, Cognato, and Iscitella. The said Lake breedeth very good ••ishes and Eels.

Of the WOODS.

AGnitia is a Wood which standeth near the City of Alba in the Territory of the Marsi, now called Abruzzesie, of it Virgil maketh mention in the se∣venth book.

The Wood Hami, called in old time Sacer Lucus, this sacred Wood is three miles distant from Cuma, a City of Campania felix. The said Wood, with the Temple standing upon a high Hill, was within a mile and half of the Baths of Tripergota; the which Hill was planted on every side with sumptuous buildings even to the top. Of this Hill Livy maketh mention in his third book ab urbe cond. saying that they sacrificed there in the night. We have written at large thereof in the book of the Antiquities of Pozzuolo, whereto I refer the Reader.

Lusilla is a Wood in length three miles, where are very goodly pastures for droves and heards of Cattle. It is distant from Lusilla two miles, and a little more from the ancient Lavo, called Laino, a City of Calauria on this side.

Daunia was in old time a very fair Wood all of Oaks, in the midst whereof was a stately Temple dedicated to Iupiter Dodon••o, whose Statue was very much honoured, because it revealed things by the means of a Pidgeon. This Wood stood in Puglia, and was so called of Dauno the son of Pilumno, and of Da••ao the Grandfather of Turnus, which ruled Puglia, the which Province was after∣ward called Daunia.

Sila, called for the excellency thereof, Sila Brettiana, is a very fair Wood, which contains 200 miles in compass, and standeth near Cosenza, a City of Ca∣lauria on this side; this famous Wood is not so hideous and loathsome in Win∣ter, through the continual snow and ice, as it is pleasant and delightful in Summer, where the fresh air with delicate streams of water full of fish, the sundry parts in fowling and hunting, the infinite droves and heards of cattel which plentifully feed, represent in effect that which the Poets feign of their Arcadia. In this Wood are Trees which yield Pitch and excellent Turpentine, whereof Strabo in his 6 book thus saith,

Est Syla picis, ferax optime Brettiana dicta proceris arboribus & aquis recentibus r••ferta ad 97 longitudinis.

Of this Sila, Virgil maketh mention in the 12 book, saying,

Ac velut ingenti Syla, summove Taburno. Cum duo conversis inimica in praelia tauri Frontibus incurrunt, pavidi cessere magistri Stat pecus omne metu mutum, mussamque juvencae Quis p••cori imperiet, quem tota armenta sequantur.

Dioscorides in his first book doth much commend the Pitch which comes from thence, and Galen also doth greatly praise it in his book de Antido. and in the 3 de copia medicamentorum, and in other places; it is also commended by Paulo Agine∣ta in the third book de arte medendi, of Aetio in the fifteenth book of Pliny,* 1.82 of Columella, of Vegetio, and of Scribonio an excellent Physician, which florished in the time of the Emperor Tiberius

Of the Mines in the Kingdom.

In the Province of the Country of Lavoro, called in old time Campania felix.

IN the Isle of Ischia, called in old time Enaria, is a Mine of Gold, and of Alume, the which Bartholomeo Perdice Genoway found in the year 1465.

In the Territory of Pozzuolo is a Mine of Alume, of Brimstone, of Copper, of Iron, and of Saltpeter.

In the Territory of Sessa is a Mine of Gold and Silver.

In the Hill of Somma, called Vesevo, and Vesuvio, are Mines of Gold, Brimstone, and Alume.

In the Province of the Principality on this side.

In the Territory of Olibano is a Mine of Silver.

In the Province of the Principality on the other side.

In the Territory of Prata is a Mine of Gold and Silver.

In the Province of Abruzzo on this side.

In the Territory of Lietto Manupello, is a Mine of Pitch in the manner of Tarr, and is of the same operation that Pitch is, this was found in the year 1577.

In the Territory of the Country of Cantalupo, at the bottom of a Hill doth flow a certain Liquor called Petronical Oyle, which is very soveraigne and me∣dicinable.

In the Province of the Country of Otranto.

In the Territory of the City of Matera, are Mines of Bolearmenick, and of a certain earth called by the Latinists terra Lennia, and terra Sacra, it is much com∣mended by Galen, and many other Physitians, as an excellent remedy to heal wounds, and the bloudy flux, and pestilent diseases, and the biting of venomous creatures, and to preserve a man from poyson, and to vomit poyson already taken, and for other infirmities. There is also a Mine of natural and artificial Salt∣peter.

In the Province of Calauria on this side.

In the Territy of the Country of Martorano, is a Mine of Steel.

In the Territory of the City of Cosenza, near the River Iovinio, are Mines of Gold, and Iron; and in a place commonly called Macchia germana, is a Mine of Gold, of Lead, and Brimstone; and a little farther in another place called Mili∣ano, is a Mine of Salt and Alume.

In the Territory of Pietr•• fitta, near the River Ispica, are Mines of Steel, Lead, and Salt.

In the Territory of the Country of Regina, are Mines of Alabaster, of Brim∣stone, and of Coperas.

In the Territory of the Country of Longobucco, are Mines of Silver, and Quicksilver.

In the Territory of Rossano are Mines of Salt, and of Alabaster, and the Marche∣site stone.

In the Territory of Alto monte are Mines of Gold, of Silver, of Iron, and of Alabaster, and there grows Cristal, and there also mighty Hils of white salt.

In the Province of Calauria on the other side.

In the Territory of the City of Regio are Mines of Alabaster, of Brimstone and Saltpeter.

In the Territory of the City of Taverna is a Mine of Antimonium, which is a stone of the colour of lead, and very brittle, like that which grows in Britany.

In the Territory of the Country of Agata is a Mine of Iron, and Steel, and of the Adamant stone.

In the Territory of Belforte, is a Mine of Gold, and of Iron, and there grows Coprass and Cristal.

In the Territory of Calatro is a Mine of Iron.

In the Territory of Belvedere are Mines of Silver, of Iron, of Brimstone, of Alume, of Salt, and of white and black Alabaster, and there grows a stone which shineth like Silver.

In the Territory of Soriano, is a Mine of Quicksilver.

In the Territory of Nicastro is a Mine of Quicksilver, and there are also good∣ly Hils of mixed Marble

In the Territory of Mesuraca is a Mine of Earth, which yields a colour called of Latinists Giluus.

In the City Cotrone grows a Thistle which yieldeth Mastick, and also it grows in Castrovillare, and in many other places of Calauria. And to conclude, Calau∣ria is a very goodly Region, and yieldeth plenty of all good things.

The Castles and Forts of defence which are in the Kingdom of Naples, with the num∣ber of Souldiers which remain in every Guard, and their monthly pay.

The names of the Ca∣stles	The num∣ber of soul∣diers	The pay, what it monthly imports
In Naples are these 3 Castles,		Duckets:
1. The new Castle.	167	775.2.12
2. The Ca∣stle of E∣ramo.	110	452.2.9
3. The Ca∣stle of Vo∣vo.	25	90.4.11
The Castle of Baia.	69	233.0.13
The Castle of the Isle Ischia.	34	116.
The Castle of Gaeta.	86	322.3.3
The Castle of Capoa.	51	200.1.13
The Castle of Aquila.	53	197.1.13
The forti∣fied Castle of Brindesi.	56	175.3
The Castle of Leccie.	54	201.1.13
The Castle of Otranto.	86	144.1.13
The Castle of Civitel∣la.	94	Duckets, 321.0.13
The Castle of Pesara.	62	303.2.10
The Castle of Viesti.	36	247.1.13••
The Castle of Momfre∣donia.	34	137.1.13
The Castle of Barletta.	52	194.1.13
The Castle of Bary.	28	118.1.13
The Castle of Monopo∣li.	29	140.
The Castle of Brinde∣si.	41	151.
The little Castle of Brindesi.	63	223.4
The Castle of Cosenza hath only a Capt. with the pay of 10 crowns monthly	1	10▪

The Castle of Gallipo∣li	30	Duckets: 125.1.13
The Castle of Taranto	46	176.0.4
The Castle of Cotrone	39	136.3.6
The Castle of Bi••eglia hath but only a Captain	1	10
The Castle of St. Ger∣mano hath only a Captain with the allowance of 200 duckets yearly	1	17
The Castle of Trani hath only a Captain with the pay of 10 crowns monthly	1	10
In the Isle of Nis••ta the Court maintain∣••th a Ga∣••ison		Duckets.
The Fort of the Ci∣ty of A∣man••e•• maintain∣eth 6 soul∣diers	6	20.4
The Fort of St. Ca∣taldo main∣tain there	6	262.
In the Isle of Tipare are two Gunners	2	2

A CATALOGVE Of the Earls and Dukes of Puglia and Calauria; and of all the Kings of Naples, Normans, S••evi, Angioini, Durazzeschi, Ara∣gonesi, Castilliani, & Austriaci.

ALthough I have more at large written in another book of the lives of all the Kings which have ruled the Kingdom of Naples; but being now to speak of the same subject, I will handle every thing with as much brevity as may be, hoping that as it will be no small ornament to this work, so it will give no little contentment to the Reader.

It is then to be understood, that in the year of our Lord 987. the last year of the reign of Lewis the fifth King of France, avaliant Norman souldier, and of great magnanimity, called Tancred, having twelve sons which he had by two wives, that is to say, of Moriella Lucha his first wife, he had Frumentino, Gotfredo, Sarno, Tancred, Malugero, Dragone, Godfredo, and Alberedo; of the second wife, called Fresanda Rotaria, the daughter (or as some write) the sister of the Earl of Altavilla, he had Guglielmo Feraback, Vnfredo, Ruberto, Guiscard, and Ruggieri Bosso, with these twelve sons Tancred determined to seek out some new Country to inhabit, and to try some new and better fortune, with hope to find some other place to live better, and more richly, through his industry and wit; and coming into Italy, first arived in Romagna, and perceiving that Landolfo Prince of Salerno, was much opprest through the excursions and outroads of the Saracins, sent in his aid six of his sons, who being well provided by the Prince, both of horse and arms, in three battels wherein they incountred the enemy, made an admirable slaughter of them, whereupon they returned as it were in triumph to Salerno, and were by the Prince and all the people received, and with much intreaty were sollicited to re∣main in that Court. But they declaring that what they did was not for any hu∣man pomp, nor for any other end but the service of God, refusing all gifts, return∣ed to their own habitation. But within a few years following, there fell certain controversies between Pandolfo of St. Agata, and Guaimaro Prince of Salerno, Pandolfo sent Ambassadors into Romagno, requesting Guglielmo, Dragone and Vm∣frido, three sons of Tancred, with many promises and offers to serve under his pay; which that he might the better do, in the manner of another Narsetes, sent them

not only rich furniture for horses, and costly apparel for themselves, but great store of money. These worthy men made no delay to come to the Prince Pan∣dolfo, through whose assistance the enemy being foild, was forced with shame and sorrow to retire; but Pandolfo being brutish and ungratefull, made no great ac∣count of them, which they perceiving, for this cause, the time of their service being expired, took part with Guaimaro, who by their worthy deeds, in a short time re∣covered much. Through these famous atchieuments the Normans gained the re∣putation of valiant Warriers with every one. In the mean time died Tancred their Father, which was Earl of Altavilla, the which Count descending to Gugli••lmo Ferrabach his eldest son, omitted no time to go into Normandy to take possession thereof, where after he had setled the affairs of his State, re∣turned afterward into Italy, bringing with him no less then fifteen thousand Nor∣mans into Romagna, and in process of time got not only the dominion thereof, but also the most part of Tuscan.

Things resting in this manner▪ the Saracins possest all Sicilia, and Sardinia, and many times did much prejudice the Coast of Italy,* 1.83 whereupon Pope Sergio the 4 fearing, and much suspecting they would overrun all Italy, demanded aid of Gu∣glielmo Ferabach. Guglielmo through the perswasion of the Pope, went in this expedition with eleven thousand of his souldiers, together with Maniace, Captain of Michele Paslagone the Greek Emperor, to the recovery of Sicilia, and with much valour and courage expeld the Saracins▪ out of all the ••sle; but Maniace not observing the agreement, that what was gotten should be equally divided be∣tween them, Farabache growing wrathfull, past with his Normans into Puglia, making a mighty slaughter, subdued the greasted part, and finding a fit and secure place builded the City of Melsi in a difficult place, and well fortified by nature. The which Maniace understanding, came upon him with a strong Army; but Fe∣rabach braving the enemy, which besieged him, being wearied with travel,* 1.84 came out against them, and encountring them, gave them a mighty overthrow near the River of Lofonte in Puglia, the Normans remaining Conquerors, and so rich both of reputation and spoil, mounted mightily in state, indeavouring both by might, and other Military means to obtain other places and Cities in Puglia, the which at∣chieuments succeeding with so great felicity to the Normans, it followed that all Puglia came into the possession of the said Guglielmo, who through his valiant acts, had the name of Ferabach, that is to say, strong-arm, of which dominion he afterward took the title of an Earl. Afterward Guglielmo died in the year of our Lord 1042. and because he left no child,* 1.85 his brother Dragone succeeded in the County, which was Lord of Venosa, who had at his beginning a great overthrow by Melo, Captain of the Greek Emperor, and lost a great part of Puglia; but being aided by Guaimaro, Prince of Salerno, he oftentimes fought with the Greeks, without any advantage; yet in the end in a great conflict he overthrew and dis∣solved the Greek Army, and not only recovered that which he had first lost, but also got many Castles and Holds, which the enemies possest upon the Sea-coast of Puglia. At this time the Emperor Henry the second came into Italy, and ha∣ving pacified the affairs of the Church, went into the Kingdom, and confirmed to Dragone the County of Puglia, from whom he received not only much money, but had also the best and fairest horses that were in all the Kingdom.* 1.86

The Emperor departing Italy, the Earl Dragone moved the Beneventani to War, and in two battels which he made, his Army was overthrown, and he flying, was slain by the enemies. His brother Humfrido took the possession of the Earl∣dom, at which time Guaimaro Prince of Salerno was cruelly murdered by his own people, and his son was made Prince, with the help of the Normans, which the said Count laboured with long War; in the end the Count ill demeaning himself with the Pugliesi, was for his cruel nature slain in the year 1057. Baielardo his son succeeded in his fathers Dominion, the which being chased away in the same year by Ruberto Guiscard his uncle, this Ruberto became the fourth Earl of Puglia, who being a valiant man at arms, and of a great spirit, suddenly besieged Reggio, and having taken it, went with prosperous victory subduing other parts and Cities of Calauria to his dominion. Afterward he returned into Puglia, took Troia,

and in such manner never rested, taking from hand to hand many Cities, and brought all the Normans of that Country under his Empire;* 1.87 and being fully re∣solved to continue no longer an Earl, with a general consent caused himself to be called Duke of Puglia and Calauria. At this present Nicholas the second, Bi∣shop of Rome, being much incumbred with the Roman Barons, came in the year 1••59. to the Parlament with Guiscardo, in the City of Aquila, and Guiscard ha∣ving with much humility adored the Pope, made peace with him, and restored unto him the City of Benevento,* 1.88 and all other places that he had belonging to the Church, for the which the Pope not only received him into grace and favour, but confirmed and invested him with the Title of Duke of Puglia and Calauria. The which act was registred and confirmed with a solemn Oath, and so Ruberto was now made a Vassal and Liegeman of the Church. Sigonio writeth two Acts of the Oath which Ruberto at this present made to the Pope,* 1.89 the one to pay the year∣ly tribute, the other loyalty and homage, the which two Acts I thought good to insert in this place, to the end the Reader may know how the Ecclesiastical Juris∣diction began in the Kingdom of Naples:

The first is in this sort.

* 1.90Ego Robertus Dei gratia, & St. Petri Dux Apuliae, & Calabriae, & utroque subveniente futurus Siculis ad confirmationem traditionis, & ad recognitionem fidelita∣tis de terra S. Petri, promitto me quotannis pro unoquoque jugo boum pensionem duo∣decim denariorum Papiensium persoluturum B. Petro, & tibi D. meo Nicolao Papae, & omnibus successoribus tuis, aut tuis, aut tuorum successorum nunciis ad S. Resur∣rectionem obligans me, & meos haeredes, sive successores tibi, & successoribus tuis. Sic me Deus adjuvet, &c.

The second is thus:

Ego Robertus Dei, & S. Petri gratia Dux Apuliae, & utroque subveniente fu∣turus Siciliae ab hinc in posterum fidelis ••ro S. Romanae Ecclesiae, & Apostolicae Sedi, & D. meo Nicolao Papae.* 1.91 Neque ero auctor, aut adjutor, ut vitam, aut membrum amittas, aut capiaris mala captione, consilium quod mihi credideris, & ne enunciem imperaris, non enunciabo in tuum detrimentum sciens S. Romanae Ecclesiae ubique ad∣jutor ero ad tenenda, & acquirenda regalia S. Petri, ejusque possessiones pro viribus meis contra homines, & adjuvabo te, ut securè, & honorifice tenens Pontificatum Romanum, terramque S. Petri▪ Et Principatum nec invadere, nec subigere tentabo, nec praedari contendam sine tua, tuorumque successorum licentia. Pensionem de ter∣ra S. Petri, quam ego teneo, aut tenebo, sicut statutum est, recta fide studebo, ut quo∣tannis Ecclesiae Romanae persolvam, omnes Ecclesias, quae in mea consistunt ditione cum earum possessionibus in tua potestate dimittam, & defensor ero earum ad fidelita∣tem Romanae Ecclesiae. Et si tu, vel tui successores antè me ex hac vita decesserint, pro ut monitus fuero à primis Cardinalibus, clericis, & laicis Romanis, opem feram, ut Pontifex erigatur, & ordinetur ad honorem S. Petri. Haec omnia suprascripta serva∣bo S. R. Ecclesiae, & tibi & successoribus tuis ad honorem S. Petri ordinatis, qui mihi firmaverint investituram à te mihi concessam. Sic me Deus adjuvet, &c.

Afterward by commandment of the Pope, Ruberto went with his Army against the Roman Barons, and never ceased untill he had subdued them all, and made them obedient to the Pope. Having then a purpose to expell the Saracins out of Sicilia, made many progresses into that Isle, took Messina, surprised Rimeto, built in the Valley of Demona, the Castle of St. Mark; and from hence returning into the Country of Otranto▪ took Taranto by assault, four years after it was besieged, through the faction of Argirizo of Bari, returned again into Sicilia, and with a puissant Army besieged Palermo, the which City when he had taken, committed the Government of that Isle to his brother Ruggieri Bosso, determined for a diffe∣rence risen between him and the Prince Gisulfo his brother in law,* 1.92 to subdue Saler∣no, whereupon with a mighty siege he begirt the said City, into the which he entred by a breach in the Wall, and easily obtained it, as he had done many other places, and so became Lord of Salerno in the year 1076. and without any delay followed the conquest of the rest of Campania,* 1.93 and forsomuch as he had an ingenious and deep conceit, took advantage by the dissention and ill government of the Grecian Princes, purposing to make war upon them, because many years before they atten∣ded

no other thing but the chasing and dispossessing the one the other. Then he past the Sea with an Army of 15 thousand ••ighting men, and meeting with the Army of Alessio, gave him a mighty overthrow. Not long after Pope Gregory the 7 being afflicted with cruel war by the Emperor, Henry the 4. requested aid of Ruberto Guiscardo, and for to induce him the rather to his desire, they met toge∣ther at Aquino, and after at Ceperano, and there the Pope confirmed to Roberto the same things which Nicholas the second, and Pope Alexander had first granted unto him. And so Roberto was again made a Liegeman of the Church,* 1.94 and took his Oath in this manner,

Ego Robertus Apuliae Calabriae & Siciliae Dux, post••ac ero fidelis tibi Domino meo Gregorio Pontifici, neque auctor ero, aut operam dabo, ut vitam, aut membrum amit∣tas, aut dolo malo capiaris consilium, quod mihi communicaveris, in tui damnum se∣dens non enunciabo. S. Romanam Ecclesiam. & te adjuvabo, ut teneas, acquiras, & desendas regalia Sancti Petri, ejusque, possessiones pro meis viribus contra omnes homi∣nes, praeter partem Firmanae, Marchiae, & Salernum, & Amalsim de quibus adhuc non est decretum, & adjuvabo te, ut tutò, & honorificè teneas Pontificatum. Ter∣ram S. Petri, quam nunc tenes, vel habiturus es, post quam sciero tuae esse potestatis, nec invadere, nec acquirere conabor, nec praedari audebo, sine tuo, tuorumque successo∣rum permisit: pensionem de terra S. Petri quam ego teneo, aut tenebo, quot annis bona side persolvam S. Romanae Ecclesiae, omnes ecclesias, quae in ejus sunt ditione, tuae potesta∣ti dimittam, easque desendam. Si tu, aut sucdessores tui ante me ex vita ingraverint, pro ut monitus fuero auxilio ero, ut Pontifex eligatur, & ordinetur.

Guiscardo having finished his saying, Gregory thus replyed,

Ego vero Gregorius Pontifex investa ••e Roberte de terra S. Petri, quam tibi conces∣serunt antecessores mei Nicolaus & Alexander.* 1.95 De illa autem terra quam injuste tenes, Salernum dico, & Amalsim, & partem Marchiae Firmanae, nunc te putienter sustin••o in considentia Dei omnipotentis, & tuae bonitatis, ut tu postea ad honorem S. Petri ita te geras, sicut & te gerere, & me suscipere decet sine periculo animae tuae, & meae. Presently Ruberto answered in this manner,

Ego Robertus Dux ad confirmationem traditionis, & recognitionem fidelitatis, de omni terra, quam ego teneo propriè sub Domino meo, promitto, me quotannis pro uno∣quoque jugo boum pensionem duodecim denariorum Papiensium soluturum B. Petro, & tibi Domino meo Gregorio Pontifici, & omnibus successoribus tuis, aut tuis, aut suc∣cessorum tuorum nunciis, ubi dies Sanctae Domini Resurrectionis advenerit.

Within a while after the Emperor Henry begirt Pope Gregory with a very dan∣gerous siege, the which Guis••ardo understood, being in Grecia with one part of his Army, leaving the other to his son Boemund, came with all celerity to relieve the Pope, and entring in by the port del popolo, drove the Emperor away by force,* 1.96 & de∣liver'd the Pope from the siege, and conveyed him to Montecasino, and afterward to Salerno, where he liv'd the remnant of his life. Guiscard afterward returned to his en∣terprises beyond the sea, where having done many worthy exploits beseeming a most valiant Prince, died in Corfu of Grecia the year of our Lord 1085. in the month of Iuly, being 62 years of age, his body was afterward conveyed into Italy, and buried in the City of Venosa in Apulia. Ruberto was of a high spirit, provident,* 1.97 and very ingenious, whereupon he was called by the Normans for his sirname, Guiscardo, which signifieth subtile and witty. He had successively three wives, the first was Albereda, sister to the Prince of Capoa, which brought him Ruberto, who died young, and Boemundo. Sigelaica his second wife, sister to the Prince of Salerno, by whom he had Ruggieri, Sivardo, and Eria. Of his third wife, named Isabella, the daughter of Vgone, the first of this name, King of Cypris, he had not any child. After the death of Ruberto, Boemundo his eldest son was altogether imployed in the war which he had in Grecia; in the mean time Ruggiero his youn∣ger brother, with great cunning,* 1.98 took upon him the Government of the Duke∣dom of Apulia and Calauria, and obtained of Pope Vrban the second, the con∣firmation of the State, in the Councel which was held in the City of Troia, the which Boemund understanding, came with his Army to drive him away; but for∣une offered him the opportunity of a more glorious enterprise, forsomuch as in he Councel held in France, in Chiaromonte of Alvernia, the voyage beyond the

Sea to recover the Sepulchre of Christ from the hands of the infidels was made manifest, whether went so many Christian Barons, French, Germans, and En∣glishmen; Boemond being of a generous mind, and full of magnanimity, ani∣mated by emulation of the glory of so many honourable men which went in this noble enterprise, leaving all things to his brother, went with these to the Conquest of the Holy Land, where having streightly besieged Antiochia, took it, and was therefore by the general consent of the Army,* 1.99 for that enterprise, made Prince, and Earl of Tripoli: he afterward married Constance, the eldest daughter of Philip King of France, which brought him a son named Boemund, which succeeded in the said Principality.

But returning to Ruggieri, who having held the Dukedom of Calauria and Apulia 25 years,* 1.100 died in the year 1110. and left William his eldest son, his heir, born of Adelandra his wife, daughter of Robert Frisone Earl of Flanders. This Duke William peaceably possest his State, and made Pope Galasio his special friend, by whom he was invested in the said Dukedome of Apulia and Calau∣ria in the year 1118. The year following the Duke thinking to marry the daugh∣ter of Iohn Comneno, Emperor of Constantinople, being promised unto him, imbarked himself to go thither, and committing the tuition of his State to Pope Calisto the second. In the mean time the year 1123. Ruggieri Earl of Si∣cilia his Nephew, the sonne of the aforesaid Ruggieri Bosso, following so fit an oportunity, nothing esteeming the Pope, invaded Calauria, and before the Pope could well bethink himself how to relieve it, he had got the possession of all Calauria and Apulia.

The Duke William being deceived, and returned without his wife, retired himself to the Prince of Salerno his kinsman, where not long after, without lea∣ving any issue, he died in the year 1127.

The Kings of NAPLES.

[illustration]

Ruggieri 1. King of Naples.

RVGGIERI by force of arms, and by the right of inheritance, be∣ing Lord of so great a State,* 1.101 with whose power the Pope Hono∣rius the second being not able to contend, made peace with him, and received of him an Oath of Loyalty and homage, and so created him Duke of Apulia and Calauria. The said Act was solemnly done and registred in Troia, a City of Puglia, in the year 1128.* 1.102 After∣ward Ruggieri began War with the Prince of Capoa, and so afflicted him, that in the end he usurped his Principality, but growing proud with this great prosperity, would be no longer called Duke of Apulia and Calauria, and Earl of Sicilia,* 1.103 but entituled himself King of Italy; the which thing Honorius seemed to dissemble; but Innocentio the second which succeeded him, could not by any means indure, being moved with rage, without measuring otherwise his strength,* 1.104 raised a sudden tumultuous Army, and with all expedition and violence came against Ruggieri, which knew nothing of that preparation, that he chaced him from St. Germano, and through all the Country of Abadia, and besieged him being within the Castle Galluccio, above Sessa, where flying, was forced to retire back again. The other William, son of the besieged Ruggieri understanding thereof, with great celerity came to relieve his father, and did a very admirable exploit, in breaking their for∣ces, and taking the Pope prisoner, with many Cardinals,* 1.105 and at the same instant delivering his father from the siege. Ruggieri through his great courtesie and re∣verence used to the Pope, obtained without the Title of King, particularly the Ci∣ty of Naples, which till this time had been under the Greek Empire. Ruggieri perceiving the good will of the Neopolitans, created 150 Knights. Innocentio being set at liberty, returned to Rome, and found that in his absence had been crea∣ted one Pietro an Ante-Pope, the son of Pier Leone, a very powerfull and factious Citizen of Rome, which was called Anacleto the second.* 1.106 Innocentio having no doubt thereof, with the help of the Pisani, past into France. Ruggieri went to Benevento, and visited Anacleto, and obtained the Title and Crown of King of both the Sicilies, which was done the 25 of Iuly 1130. and was the first that in this part of Italy had the Title of King,* 1.107 and was made a Liegeman and Vassal of the Church,: the which Instalment (as Sigonius noteth) was the same that the aforesaid Pope Innocentio afterward confirmed in the year 1139. declaring him

lawfull King of Sicilia, Duke of Apulia and Calauria, and Prince of Capoa▪

* 1.108Ruggieri having performed many noble enterprises, died in the year 1153. be∣ing 59 years of age, his body was laid in a Costly and stately Tomb of Porphery in the Church of Monreale of Palermo, where these Verses are ingraven,

Si fastus homines, si regna, & slemmata ludunt, Non legum, & recti sit norma Rogerius ist is Est lusus rebus, comite à quo nomine natus Virtutem his splendor situs diademàque Regum, Vixit ann. LIX. Regnavit an. XXIII. Menses V. obiit an. MCLII.

Ruggieri had four wives, the first was Airolda, the daughter of the Earl of Caserta; the second was called Albira, daughter of the King of Spain; the third named Sibilla, sister of the Duke of Burgony; the fourth was called Bet∣trice, which was the daughter of the Earl of Resta; of his two first wives he had not any children, Sibilla brought him Ruggieri, which was Duke of Apulia and Amalso, and Guglielmo which was Prince of Capoa and Salerno, which died both in their fathers time. Of Bettrice his last wife he had William, Prince of Taranto, which was afterward King of Naples, and a daughter named Con∣stance, who by the advice and Councel of the Abbot Giachimo Calaures, the King put her into a religious house of Nuns. He had a base son called Tancredi, who was Earl of Leccie, and King of Naples.

[illustration]

William the wicked, the 2. King of Naples.

WILLIAM, called by his sirname the wicked William, the first begotten son of Ruggiero his father,* 1.109 succeeded in the Kingdom, and in the beginning of his State usurped by force of arms Ceperano with the Suburbs of Benevento, and Banco, with other places belonging to the Church; for which cause he was excommunicated by Pope Adrian the fourth, and deprived also of the title of King, and discharged his subjects of

their obedience towards him. William conceiving a most violent hatred against the Pope, raised a mighty Army with a purpose to go for Rome, but being for his perverse nature hated of his Barons, many of them rebeld against him, and called the Pope into the Kingdom.* 1.110 The which was the occasion that William changed his purpose, and converted his fury against the Prince of Capoa which had been the Author of that conspiracy. The Pope which saw all the Kingdom in Arms, with admirable celerity made a mighty Army pass to Benevento, and with∣out any resistance took a great part of the Kingdom, by the which victory the Barons which called him, did swear unto him loyalty and homage. William un∣derstanding that Emanuel, Emperor of Constantinople, and Frederick Barbaros∣sa, the first Emperor of Germany, made expedition to aid the Pope, therefore he thought it his best way to be reconciled with the Church, sent an honourable Ambassage to the Pope, wherein much humbling himself, desired to be restored to the grace and favour of the Church, and possession of his Kingdom, and promised to restore whatsoever he wrongfully detained from the Church.* 1.111 The Pope willing to extinguish the War, went to Benevento, and expected William, who prostrate at the Popes feet, desired absolution, and took an Oath of Loy∣alty and homage, and first restoring whatsoever he had taken from the Church, was invested in the Kingdom the year 1156. William afterward lived alwaies in peace with the Church, but was ever much troubled and molested by his Barons, and hated of the people, and sirnamed for his evil conditions, William the wicked. He departed this life the year of our Lord 1167. and lived 47 years, and in the principal Church of Palermo, near his fathers Tomb was buried. He had by his wife Margarite the daughter of Garzia, the second King of Navar, Ruggieri,* 1.112 which was proclaimed King by the Sicilians. William Prince of Taranto, which succeeding in the Kingdom, was called William the good, and Henry Prince of Capoa.

[illustration]

William the good, 3. King of Naples.

WILLIAM Prince of Taranto, called the good, as differing from his father, was after his death Crowned King at eleven years of age,* 1.113 and presently pardoned all those which had been Re∣bels to his father, and took away all the grievances imposed by him upon the people; defended alwaies the affairs of the Roman Church, against whosoever sought to molest it; and especially in the time when the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa strongly besieged Pope Alexander the 3: within Anagni. Whereupon Alexander ignorant of the coming of William, not only with great courage and stoutness maintained the Pontifical dignity, but ma∣ny times foiled the Imperial Army. But being afterward perswaded by Philip King of France to retire with his honour from the said siege, had from King William a Gally, which for that purpose he had secretly sent, wherein he being imbarked with certain of his Cardinals, went to Clarimont in France, for his bet∣ter security, where he excommunicated and deprived the said Frederick of the Empire, and aggravated likewise the censure against Octavian the false usurping Pope.

William strongly armed himself both for Sea and Land against Andronico the Emperor of Constantinople, for the injuries done in Italy. He afterward defend∣ed the City of Tire, and with his Navy foiled the Forces of Salandine, and af∣terward cleared the Sea from Rovers:

And this good King having honourably ended all his actions, after he had reigned 21 years, and lived 32. died in Palermo in the year of our Lord 1188. his body with great honour, Ione his wife, sister to King Richard of England, caus∣ed to be laid in a Tomb of Marble, curiously wrought and embossed, upon which caused this inscription to be ingraven.

Hic situs est bonus Rex Gulielmus:

The said Sepulchre being ruinated and spoiled through the injury of time, hath newly been very magnificently repaired and renewed with fair Marble by the Archbishop of Torres, where this new Epitaph is to be read.

In••lita quas verbis, sapientum turba recenset Virtutes solus factis, hic praestitit omnes,

Egregius quare bonus est cognomine dictus Vtque bonus magno longe est praestantior illo. Major Alexandro sic Rex Guillielmus habetur, Artibus ipse etenim pacis, bellique fuisti, Clarus, ut semper justa, ac pia bella gerebas, Sic quoque laeta tibi semper victoria parata est: Et nunc ne vilis, jaceas Rex optime, praesul, Te decurat tumulo hoc Ludovicus Torrius Hoc ipso in templo quod tu Guillelme dicasti.

[illustration]

Tancred the 4. King of Naples.

TANCRED Earl of Leccie, the natural son of King Ruggieri,* 1.114 and Unkle to the good William, was by the death of his Ne∣phew, which had not any child, created King of both the Sici∣lies in the year 1188: Pope Celestine the third being desirous to bring the Kingdom under the jurisdiction of the Church,* 1.115 as feuditory of the Apostolick Sea, invested in the year 1191. Henry the sixth Em∣peror, the son of Frederick Barbarossa, with these conditions, That he should recover at his own charge the Kingdom of the two Sicilies, with acknowledging the Church, and to pay the accustomed Tribute; and to the end it might seem more colourable, and be the better done, he gave under a pretence of Inheritance, as a dowry for his wife Constance, the lawfull and natural daughter of the afore∣said Ruggieri, whom secretly he caused to be brought from the Arch-Bishop of Palermo, from the Monastery of St. Mary, in the City aforesaid, where she was Abesse, being now 52 years of age, very unfit for the procreation of chil∣dren, dispensing with her, although she had been a profest Nun, and Crowned them in Rome, of both the Sicilies in the year 1191.

The first thing then which Henry did, he went to besiege Naples; but in the beginning of the third month, the Plague growing very hot, he returned into Germany without any more adoe. The Emperors Army being departed Italy, Tancred having recovered his Kingdom at the same time, among these affairs, his

son Ruggieri died, which was also Crowned and proclaimed King, and had married Irene,* 1.116 the daughter of the Emperor Isacio; and within a little while after him, Tancred his father, conceiving so passionately the death of his son, growing grievously sick, died. His body was buried in the principal Church of Palermo, and in the same Tomb they laid his son Ruggieri. Tancred departed this life in the end of the month of December, the year of our Lord 1194. having reigned little more then eight years. He left behind him three daughters, and one son called William,* 1.117 whom Sibilla his mother caused instantly to be crowned King of Sicilia.

The Emperor Henry understanding of the death of Tancred, pretending that the Kingdom appertained to him,* 1.118 as before is recited, returned from Germany in the year 1195. and with a mighty Army entred the Kingdom of Naples, which he finding full of civil discord, easily obtained without the loss of much bloud, and took prisoner Magarito, King of Albania, which was come thi∣ther in the aid of Tancred. He had afterward Sibilla in his hands, the late wife of Tancred,* 1.119 together with his son William, and three daughters, that is to say Alteria, Constanza, and Modonia, and sent them all prisoners into Germany, and afterward caused William to be gelded, to the end he should be unable to beget children, and afterward blinded him, and then released the said daugh∣ters. Alteria was married to the Earl Gualtiero of Brenna, son of the Earl Gi∣rardo of Brenna, and brother of Iohn of Brenna, which was afterward King of Ierusalem. Modonia was married with Iohn Sforza, Frangipane, a Roman Lord, which was Earl of Tricarico. Constanza was the wife of Pietro Ziano, Earl of Arba, and Duke of Venice, who being old, with the consent of his said wife, became a Munk of the Order of St. Benedict, which was in the year 1229.

Thus ended the ancient and noble masculin race of the Norman Guiscards, in the Kingdom of Naples and Sicilia, which from the time of William Ferabach continued 188 years, and governed the Kingdom of Naples and Sicilia, with much honour and renown.

[illustration]

SVEVI.

Henry the Suevian, sixth Emperor, and fifth King of Naples.

HENRY the Emperor having extinguished the male-issue and proge∣ny of the Normans,* 1.120 and remained absolute Lord of both the Sicilies, caused Frederick his son to be Crowned by the Electors of the Empire, King of Germany. Afterward purposing bet∣ter to establish the affairs of the Kingdom of Naples, sent thi∣ther a Lieutenant one of his Barons called Marqueredo d' Amenueder, whom with∣in a few months following he created Duke of Ravenna, and Romagna, and Mar∣quiss of Ancona; and at the same tine gave to Philip Duke of Suevia his bro∣ther, the Dukedom of Toscane, with the Lands of the Countess Mattilda. So Henry being carefull to range his Army to invade England, for certain hatreds conceived against Richard the first King of that Land, altered his mind in Messina, through his delight in hunting, being in the time of Harvest, whereupon the Feaver growing grievously upon him, ended his life the 8 of May, in the year 1197 having ruled the Empire 9 years,* 1.121 and governed in peaceable possession the King∣dom of Naples and Sicilia four years and one month. His body with the stately pomp of solemn obsequies, was buried in the Church of Monreale in Palermo, in whose sumptuous Tumb of Porphyrie is ingraven this Epitaph.

Imperio adjecit Siculos Henricus utrosque, Sextus Suevorum candida progenies. Qui monacham sacris uxoris duxit ab aris, Pontificis scriptis hic tumulatus inest Imperavit an. 9 men. 1. obiit Messanae Anno 1197.

[illustration]

Frederick 2. Emperor, and 6. King of Naples.

FREDERICK the second Emperor, the son of the aforesaid Henry, suc∣ceeded in the Kingdom of Naples and Sicilia, and because he was a child,* 1.122 and but three years of age, Constanza his mother, caused him to be Crowned King of both the Sicilies, and with him, in his name began to govern the Kingdom, and had the enstalment of the Kingdom from Pope In∣nocent the third, in the year 1198. Frederick being of perfect age, married Iola, the only daughter of Iohn Count of Brenna, and of Mary the daughter of King Conrado of Montferrato, and for her dowry among other things, had the title and the right of the Kingdom of Ierusalem, and hereupon Frederick, and all the rest which succeeded in the Kingdom of Naples, were called Kings of Ierusa∣lem.* 1.123 In the year 1220. two years after his Coronation of the Empire, Frede∣rick being in grace and favour with the Pope Honorius the third, and with the Church, made and published in Rome that Law which beginneth, Ad decus seu nos Fredericus, the which Law is registred in the book of the feuds, under the Title De statutis, & consuetudinibus contra libertatem Ecclesiarum, the which Law the said Pope confirmed and approved.* 1.124 Frederick also made at the same time the constitutions of the Kingdom, which afterward the learned Doctor Afflitto ex∣pounded. Frederick having ordered his affairs in Germany, went in the time of Gre∣gory the 9 into Soria,* 1.125 and after much wars, made peace with Salandine for 10 years, and for that cause had Ierusalem, and all the Kingdom thereof, except a few cer∣tain Castles, whereupon on Easterday in the year 1229. he took the Crown of that Kingdom in the City of Ierusalem. Afterward there grew between him and Pope Honorius great discord, because he took upon him to bestow the Bishopricks in Sicilia, and Frederick pretending he might lawfully do it, and dispose at his own pleasure by reason of a Bull,* 1.126 which by Pope Vrban the second was granted to Ruggieri the Norman, concerning the Monarchy of the said Isle, the Pope mis∣liking the presumption and ostentation of Frederick, excommunicated him, and deprived him of the Empire and the Kingdom, the which censure Pope Innocent the fourth confirmed in the year 1245. Frederick lived five years after in conti∣nual trouble and vexation, and at length having ruled the Empire 33 years, and

the Kingdom of Naples and Sicilia 51. and that of Ierusalem 28. died of an in∣firmity that grew in his throat, the 13 of December, in the year 1250. in the Castle of F••orentino in Apulia, having lived 54 years.* 1.127 Manfred his base son caused his body to be carried with great pomp and honour into Sicilia, to the stately Church of Monreale in Palermo, and there buried him in a sumptuous Tomb of Porphi∣ry, whereupon these Verses were ingraven.

Qui mare, qui terras, populos, & regna subegit, Caesareum fregit subito mors improba nomen, Sic jacet, ut cernis Fredericus in orbe secundus, Nunc lapis hic totus, cui mundus parvit arcet. Vixit an. 54. Imperavit an. 33. Regni Hierusalem an. 28. Regnorum utriusque Siciliae 5 ••. Oblit an. Domini 1250.

He left of six wives which he had, many children; of the first, which was Con∣stance of Aragon,* 1.128 the sister (or as others write) the daughter of Don Ferdinando King of Castile, he had Conrado, which died young. Henry and Giordiano; Hen∣ry was King of the Romans, who in the year 1236. he put to death because he fa∣voured the Popes faction. Of Iola his second wife, the daughter of Iohn of Bren∣na King of Ierusalem, he had Conrado, which was Emperor of Germany, and after∣ward King of Naples. Of Agnese his third wife, the daughter of Otho Duke of Moravia, he had not any children. Of Ruthina the fourth wife, the daughter of Otho Earl of Vvolfferzhausen, he had Frederick, which died in his infancy. Of Elizabeth his fift wife, the daughter of Lewis Duke of Bavaria, he had Agnese, which was married to Conrado the Landtgrave of Turingia. Of Matilda his last wife, daughter of Iohn of England, he had Henry, which was King of Sicilia, and Constance, who was married to Lewis the Landtgrave of Nescia; Frederick had also by Blanca Anglana of Aquosana his concubine, these children, Manfred Prince of Taranto, and usurper of Naples, Enzo King of Sardinia, Anfisio, of whom he made small account, and Frederick Prince of Antiochia. Of daugh∣ters he had Ann, which was married very young to Iohn Dispote of Romania.* 1.129 Of Henry, and of Margarite the daughter of Lupoldo Duke of Austria, was born Frederick, which was Duke of Austria, and Henry. Of Conrado and of Eli∣zabeth the daughter of Otho Duke of Bavaria, came Coradine, which coming to the conquest of the Kingdom, was taken by Charls of Angio King of Naples, and beheaded. Of Manfred his natural son, which married Helena the daughter of Michel Dispote of Romania, came Henry, Godfrey, Aufisio, and Elena.

[illustration]

Conrado the 4. Emperor, and 7. King of Naples.

CONRADO the son of Frederick understanding the death of his fa∣ther,* 1.130 came with a great Army into the Kingdom, and was received with great joy and honour by Manfred, in Barletta of Apuglia; and being informed that Naples, Capoa Aquino, and the whole Abby of St. Germano, were become Rebels through the instigati∣on of the Earl of Caserta, and dinoted to the Church, conceived thereat so great indignation and ire, that with his Army he wasted and overrun the Country, and made Tomaso Earl of Cerra to come and submit himself to his mercy, and had by agre••ment St. Germano, and all the State of the Earl of Caserta. He afterward besieged Capoa, and having spoiled and destroyed all the Country, took the City, and threw the Walls thereof to the ground: he did the like to Aquino, the which he sacked and burned.* 1.131 Afterward he besieged Naples both by Sea and Land, and after eight months had it by agreement; but they not observing their Cove∣nants, he caused afterward the Walls to be ruinated, and the Fortresses of the Ci∣ty, and many Noble houses of Gentlemen and Citizens he banished. Conrado having Naples, at the same instant had the rest of the Kingdom. He now re∣maining in peaceable state, and given to his pleasures, being inhumane and of a cruel nature, caused Henry his Nephew to be slain upon the high-way, the son of Henry,* 1.132 King of the Romans, which was come from Sicilia to visit him. But that revenge was not long delayed, for Manfred his natural brother, which endeavou∣red by all means to become King, with a poysoned potion upon a light occasion kil'd him, which was in the year 1254. and the 3 of Iune, having held the Empire 3 years and 5 months,* 1.133 and the Kingdom of Naples and Sicilia 2 years and 19 daies. His body was buried in the principal Church of Naples, under a little narrow Marble stone. Conrado before his death made his Will, and ordained his young∣est son his heir general, born of Elizabeth the daughter of Otho Duke of Bavaria.

[illustration]

Manfred the 8 King of Naples:

MANFRED Prince of Taranto,* 1.134 the natural son of the Emperor Frederick the second, having usurped the Kingdom, was by Pope Alexander the fourth excommunicated. The said Pope died within a while after, and Pope Vrban the fourth, a French∣man, was created in his place, who fearing the threatnings of Manfred, called unto the conquest of the Kingdom Charls of Angio, Earl of Province, brother of St. Lewis the 9 King of France, to whom he gave the oath of both the Sicilies, with the right and title of the Kingdom of Ierusalem, and at his own charge should maintain the War, and conquer it. Charls being ani∣mated by his brother and others of the Nobility, with a valorus courage undertook this famous enterprise. In the mean time Vrban died, leaving the Papacy to Cle∣ment the 4. in whose Popedom, Charls with a most glorious Army came to Rome in the year 1265. and was then with Beatrice Berenguer of Aragon his wife, in the Church of S. Iohn Lateran, by Pope Clement again invested, with solemn ceremony, and Crowned with an Imperial Crown, King of both the Sicilies, and of the Kingdom of Ierusalem, and made exempt from the Empire, with Covenant that neither he nor his successors that should be chosen Emperors, should by any means accept thereof, the which was done with solemn oath, and so Charls was made a Liegeman and Feudary of the Church, and promised to pay for tribute a yearly Rent of 40 thousand mark•• to the Bishops of Rome. Charls towards the end of February in the year 1265. came into the Kingdom, and incountred with Manfred, and after divers fortunes, both on the one and the other side, Charls remained conqueror, and Manfred was overcome. Manfred reigned 10 years 4 months, and 16 daies.

[illustration]

ANGIOINI.

Charls of Angio, the 9 King of Naples.

CHARLS remaining Conqueror, was received by the Neopolitans with royal pomp, and proclaimed King, and having ordered the af∣fairs of both the Kingdoms, was made by Clement the 4. Deputy of the Empire of Italy. Understanding afterward that Corradine the Suevian,* 1.135 the son of the Emperor Conrado, sometime King of Naples, was come with a mighty Army to recover the right of inheritance of his Kingdoms, made great preparation of War. Corradine entreth the Kingdom, and after divers and sundry skirmishes, at length Corradine was overcome, and flying disguised, was taken in Asturi by Iohn Francipane Lord of that place, which sent him to Charls, who after he had kept him more then a year in prison, caused him to be beheaded in the midst of the Market-place of Naples, which was in the month of October 1269. and so Charls with little labour recovered all the King∣dom. He made afterward great Wars with the Saracins, and especially with Ara∣geno King of Tunis, because that barbarous King refused to pay the Tribute, which was accustomed to be paid to the Kings of Naples, Charls did in such wise afflict him, that he inforced him not only to pay the charges of that War, but also doubled the Tribute. In the year following, 1276. Vgone Lusignano the 11 of this name, King of Cypress, and Mary the daughter of Melisenda, and of Raimond Rupini, Prince of Antiochia, contending about the inheritance of the Kingdom of Ierusalem. Mary being at variance with Vgone, came to Rome, and caused the said King Vgone to be convented before the Pope; the Pope by his decree com∣manded that the examination and decision of the cause should be determin∣ed by the Barons of the Holy Land, and the Master of the Hospital and the Tem∣ple, who were accustomed to have a voice in Councel in the election of the Kings of Ierusalem. The which the Princess Mary considering, being a woman very aged▪ faint, and wearied with travel, and the dangers of so long a journey, being ad∣vised by her friends▪ and by Pietro Manso knight of the Temple his Ambassador, compounded with King Charls,* 1.136 and receiving of him a great sum of money, re∣signed all her right and Title which she had unto the said Kingdom. Whereupon Charls afterward by means of the Pope, obtained a favourable sentence, and was declared lawfull and absolute King of that Kingdom, as well by the ancient right of F••ederick, as also by that of Mary.

Charls afterward for the more security of things,* 1.137 sent the Earl Ruggiero Sanseveri∣no Governor into Soria, who in the name of Charls, received the faith and oathes of homage of the Knights and Barons which were in the kingdom. By these aforesaid reasons, all the posterity of the said Charls, and also all the other Kings of Naples, as heirs, are always intitled Kings of Ierusalem. Charls reigned 19 years, 2 moneths, and 26 days.

[illustration]

Charls the second, 10 King of Naples.

CHarls the second, son of Charls of Angio, reigned 25 years and 17 days. Charls was also King of Hungary by the right of Mary his wife,* 1.138 the daughter of Ste∣phen, the 5. of the name, the King of that kingdom, who being slain by the Cumani, Ladislao the fourth son of the aforesaid Stephen died without any heir. Whereupon Charls, as husband of Mary, was crowned King of that kingdom, together with Charls Mart••l his son.

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Robert 11. King of Naples.

RObert the third begotten son of Charls the second, reigned 33 years,* 1.139 four mo∣neths, and 24 days. This Robert was a wise and prudent King, he made hono∣rable

wars with Henry the seventh Emperour, with Frederick King of Sicilia, & in Tuscane in behalf of the Florentines, where in the famous overthrow of Monte∣catino, between the Guelfi and Gibellini, he lost Philip Prince of Taranto, and Pie∣tro Earl of Graunia his brothers. He sent his son Charls, sirnamed Without land, against Frederick King of Sicilia, and went against Castruccio Castricani the head of the Gibellini in the time that the dominion of Fiorenza was given to Charls Without land. Robert was a religious King, and a lover of the learned, whereof two things do sufficiently witnesse; the marvellous stately Church, and other things which he builded in Naples, and the great familiarity with the two Tus∣cane lights of learning, Petrarke and Boccace had with him. Robert died the 20 of Ianuary, 1343.

[illustration]

Ioan 1.12 Queen of Naples.

JOan 1. of this name, Neece to Robert, and daughter of Charles With∣out land,* 1.140 called also Famous for his prowesse and valor, succeeding in the kingdom, was married with Andreasso of Hungary, her Cousin germain once removed, to whom she gave herself and kingdom in Dowry. But afterward she being not able to endure the insolency of her husband, often∣times falling into discord, caused him unawares to be hanged by the neck in a Gallery, in the year 1346. The which being done, was married again to Le∣wis the son of Philip Prince of Taranto, the brother of King Robert. After whose death was married anew with Giac••mo of Aragon, the Infant of Majorica, who li∣ving also but a small time, Joan in the year 1376. was married once again, and took for her husband Otho of Este, Duke of Brunswich in Saxonie. She after∣ward favouring the part of Clement Antipope, was by the censure of Vrban the sixth deprived of her kingdom, and Charls of Durazzo invested therein, and so through fear she adopted for her son Lewis Duke of Angio, the second begotten

son of Iohn King of France. Charles of Durazzo being come with a most pu∣issant Army into the kingdom, had Ione in his power, and caused her to be hanged. Ione reigned 39. years 4. months and 12. days.

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DVRAZZO.

Charls the 3. of Durazzo the 13 King of Naples.

CHarls of Durazzo, the third of this name, King of Naples,* 1.141 remained absolute possessor of the kingdom; he had great wars to preserve and defend it, and especially with Lewis of Angio: And being afterward called into Hungary to take the possession of that kingdom, went thi∣ther, and was solemnly crowned in Alba Reale; but afterward by the means of the old Queen Elizabeth, was kild in a Parliament, which was in the year 1386. Through the right that Charls had in the aforesaid kingdom, all his successors, and the other Kings which succeeded in the kingdom of Naples, were called kings of Hungary. Charls reigned four years, three moneths, and nine dayes.

[illustration]

Ladislao the fourteenth King of Naples.

LAdislao after the death of his father had great troubles by Lewis of Angio.* 1.142 In the year 1403. being requested by the Barons of Hungary to take the Crown of that kingdome, as belonging unto him by law∣full inheritance, went thither; and coming to Zara, was received with great joy of all, and the fifth of August by the Bishop of Strigonia (according to the accustomed order) was crowned King of Hungaria, Dalmatia, Croatia, Servia, Galitia, Lodomeria, Comaria, and Bulgaria. He re∣turned into Italy, and after he had setled the affairs of the kingdom, being desi∣rous to enlarge his Dominion, dominiered even to Rome, wherein he entred in tri∣umphant manner, being called with the cries and clamors of the Soldiers, Emperour of Rome, which was the 25 of Aprill in the year 1408. And having in the end disquieted Italy, and himself, died the sixth day of August in the year 1484. with∣out leaving any child, having reigned eight and twenty years, eight moneths and thirteen days.

[illustration]

Ione 2, 15 Queen of Naples.

JOne the second of this name, after the death of Ladislao her brother, succeeded in the Kingdom.* 1.143 But growing afterward into discord with Pope Martin the 5. was deprived of her Kingdom; and Lewis the 3. of Angio, Duke of Lorain and Bar, the son of the second Lewis, was proclaimed King. The which thing was the only foundation and ground of all the mischiefs which for a long time afterward followed to the miserable and unhappy kingdom.* 1.144 For the Queen was constrained, being not able to defend herself against the power of Lewis and the Pope, to adopt for her son Alfonsus King of Arragon and Sicilia, the son of King Ferdinando. Alfonsus being called by the Queen, abandoned the assault and siege of the Castle of Bonifatio, the principal Fort, and of greatest im∣portance in the Isle of Corsica, and provided 28 Gallies well furnished, and other Barks, and led with him many valiant Captains, and came to Naples in the year 1621. Now began the Queens affairs to appear, which before was trod under foot, and to change countenance; and what through counsel, courage, and the aid of King Al∣fonsus, the Queen was at liberty, and her affairs increased with much reputation. But the year following, 1423▪ the Queen growing contentious with him, under co∣lour of ingratitude, sought to annihilate and disanull the said adoption,* 1.145 and adopted for her son, calling to her assistance the same Lewis, thorow whose war she was constrained to make the first adoption, and chased away Alfonsus by force of arms from all the kingdom, and so lived peaceably all the rest of her life. The year 1434. Lewis dyed; and before a year was expired from the time of his death,* 1.146 the Queen received continual molestations and prejudice by Iohn Antonio Orsino Prince of Ta∣ranto, and by Giacomo Caldora, and other followers of the Aragonesi, thorow the vicinity and neighbourhood of Sicilia, where Alfonsus maintained a great Army. So partly being oppressed with a feaver, and troubled with a discontented mind, in the year 1434. the second of February, the life, the line of Charls. 1 of Angio, & the house of Durazzo of the French blood, which only rested in her, ended all regality, having reigned 20 years, 5 moneths, and 26 days. And because she had no child, she made her heir (as was reported) Renato of Angio Duke of Lorain, and Earl of Provence, the brother of Lewis her adopted son.

After the death of the Queen, the Neapolitans created sixteen men of the prin∣cipal in the City, which they called Governors, because they should have care and charge of the City, and of the Kingdom. These sixteen Governours, in all the bu∣siness

and affairs they dispatched, writ thus the Title of their government, Conci∣lium & Gubernatores Reipublicae regni Siciliae ordinati per clarae memoriae Serenissi∣mam & illustrissimam Dominam nostram Dominam Ioannam secundam, Dei gratia Hungariae, Hierusalem, & Siciliae reginam, &c.

Within a little time after rose in the Citie divers contentions, because Pope Eugenio the fourth understanding the death of Ione, sent a Legate to Naples the Bishop of Recanati, and Patriarch of Alexandria, giving the Governors to under∣stand, and the Councell of the Citie, that the kingdom of Naples was fallen to the Church as his Feud or Fee, willing them not to bestow the dominion upon any but him whom he shall nominate and invest King. The Governors answered, that they would have no other King but Renato Duke of Lorain, whom their Queen had left as her successor. By this means the kingdom understood the admonition of the Pope, and the answer of the Governors, wherewith many of the Princes and Barons of the kingdom much misliked the succession of Renato; and being published that that Will and Testament was falsly forged by the Neapolitans; one part of the Ba∣rons, and people which were of the faction of the Aragonesi, called King Alfonsus of Aragon: Whereupon through contrary consents and inclinations rose the sactions of the Angioini and Aragonesi. The Governors being likewise at discord among themselves, the whole kingdom was divided, and put into great trouble and mole∣station. In the mean time the greatest part of them sent Ambassadors to Marseli•• for Renato. That part of the Duke of S••ssa, the Earl Venafro, and many other Ba∣rons, called Alfonsus, who being full of military courage, and inflamed with an in∣credible desire of glory, having his Army ready in the year 1436. came to Gaeta, and was received by the Duke of Sessa, and besieging the said Citie, came with his Navy to battell with Bai••gio Captain Generall of the Fleet of the Genowayes, and Alfonsus valiantly fighting, was at length overcome, and taken prisoner, and carried to the custody of Philip Duke of Miltane, who afterward knowing the singular vertue of Alfonsus,* 1.147 being desirous to hold, him his companion and friend, made a league with him, and suffered him to go at his own pleasure, together with the other Lords which were also prisoners.

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ANGIOINI.

Renato of Angio the 16 King of Naples.

REnato of Angio being at that time prisoner to Iohn Duke of Bur∣gonie,* 1.148 the Neapolitane Ambassadors deprived of all hope to have Re∣nato, caused Isabellae his wife to come in his stead, a very wise and wor∣thy Lady, who made great wars with Alfonsus. Afterward Renato being set at liberty by the Duke of Burgonie, in the moneth of May 1438. came to Naples, whose coming gave great hope and expecta∣tion to the Angioini, and was royally received, and presently prepared all necessa∣ry things for the wars, and retained many principall and, excellent Captains, through whose valour he obtained all Calauria, and the Dukedome of Mel••i, in Abruzzo he had at his command many places. In the moneth of Iune, 1438. he had from Pope Eugenius the instalment of the kingdom of Naples and Ieru∣salem. Many actions and battels fell out between Renato and Alfonsus; but at length the party of the Aragonesi prevailed. Alfonsus in moneth of Iune 1442. by the way of an Aquaduct, which brought water into the City, took Naples, and the third day with the will of Renato he had the Castle of Capoa and other forts. Renato growing into despair not to be able to recover the kingdom, with Isabella his wife, and his children, returned into Provence, where he past all the rest of his life in peace, having held Naples, and part of the kingdom in an uncertain and troublesome posses∣sion four years and ten days. Being come to the age of 64 years, married Ioan della Valle, a noble French Lady, with whom too excessively satisfying his pleasure, became weak and feeble, and so died the 19 of Fbruary in the year 1481. and was buried in Nansi, a plentifull place, and a principapll City of the Dukedom of Lorane, and upon his Tomb these four verses engraven.

Magnanimum tegit hoc saxum, fortem{que} Rhenatum, Mortales heu, qua conditione sumus, Invidia factis hujus fortuna subinde Ne tanti, & tanto celsus honore foret.

[illustration]

ARAGONES I.

Alfonsus 1. of Aragon, called by his surname, The Magnanimous, 17 King of Naples.

ALfonsus King of Aragon and Sicilia, after many dangers and infinite travell,* 1.149 entred Naples in triumph upon a golden Chariot; and by the means of Francesco Orsino President of Rome, made peace with the Pope Eugenio, and obtained a very large instalment of the Kingdom, for he was also invested in the Kingdom of Hungary, by the right of Ioan his mother: And besides that, obtained from the said Pope, that faculty and power, that Ferdinando his naturall son was ordained his heir, and to suc∣ceed after his death in the instalment and possession of the Kingdom: the which in∣vesting was likewise afterward confirmed by Pope Nicolas the fifth. Alfonsus was very magnificent in buildings, he reduced the new Castle in Naples into the form it now appears, truly a very Royall and stately piece of work. He enlarged Mola, and caused the Fens about the City to be made dry. He took the Isle of Zerbi, over∣came in battell the King of Tunis and made him tributary, and subdued certain Ci∣ties in Barbary; he oftentimes sent Armies against the Turks, and at the instance of the Pope, chased away Francesco Sforsa della Marca. He was very studious in lear∣ning, and made great account of learned men, whereof he kept very many in his Court. And to conclude, he was a Prince of great magnanimity. He reigned six∣teen years, one moneth, and one and twenty days. He died the 28 of June in the year 1458. being 64 years of age: He had for his wife, Mary the daughter of Henry the third King of Castile, surnamed the Weak, by whom he had no Chil∣dern. The Neapolitans buried the body of Alfonsus with a stately Funerall, and laid him in a Coffin covered all with cloth of gold, the which at this present is to be seen in the Vestry of St. Dominick in Naples, and at the foot thereof are these Verses,

Inclytus Alfonsus, qui Regibus ortus Iberis Hic, regnum Ausoniae primus adeptus adest.

[illustration]

Ferdinando 1. of Aragon 18 King of Naples.

FErdinando the first of this name, after the death of his Father,* 1.150 succeeded in the Kingdom, and was by the Institution of Pope Pius the second, anointed and crowned King by Latino Orsino the Cardinall. But very of∣ten was like to lose it through many wars, and espe••ially by Iohn of Angio, the son of Renato, which had a great Train and Troop of the Barons of the Realm, which drew unto them a great number of Rebels. In the year 1481 died. (as is declared) Renato of Angio, who having no male children, made heir of all his state and inheritance. Charls of Angio Earl of Main his brothers son, who dying within a while after without children, bequeathed his inheritance to Lewis the 11. King of France, to whom not onely descended, as supream Lord, the Dukedom of Angio, but also of all Provence. Ferdinando having afterward intelli∣gence, that Charls the 8. King of France, made preparation with a mighty Army to recover the Kingdom of Naples, by the right of the Angioini, who by the death of King Lewis his father was interessed therein, began to make provision of men; and being very carefull in the preparation of the war, growing sick, died the 25 of Ianua∣ry in the year 1494. having reigned 35 years, 5 moneths, and 25 days.

[illustration]

Alfonsus 2. the 19 King of Naples.

ALfonsus the second of this name, after the death of Ferdinand his Fa∣ther,* 1.151 obtained the kingdom; and in the beginning of the fourth mo∣neth was crowned in the Cathedrall Church of Naples by Iohn Borgia Cardinall of Montereale, Legate of Pope Alexander the sixth, with greater pomp and majesty then was ever used to any King of Naples, But understanding that Charls the 8. K. of France, gave order for the pretended war, fearing because he was become odious to the people of the Kingdom, through his austerity, resigned the Kingdom to Ferdinando his son Duke of Calauria, a young man much differing from him in nature, which every one loved, and re∣tired himself into the countrey of Mazara in Sicilia, being before time given unto him by Don Ferdinando the Catholique King of Spain, where he spent the remainder of his life, having reigned one year and three days.

[illustration]

FRANCES I.

Charls the fourth the twentieth King of Naples.

CHarles de Valois the eighth of this name King of France, and fourth of the same name King of Naples,* 1.152 came in the beginning of Ianuary 1495. to Rome with a mighty Army. Pope Alexander full of incredible fear and anguish, fled into

the Castle of St. Angelo. But the King having no purpose to offend the Pope, met with him, and concluded friendship, and a perpetuall confederacy for the com∣mon safety & defence. Charls was invested conditionally by the Pope of the kingdom of Naples,* 1.153 and obtained also from the said Pope Zizimo Gemni Ottoman•• the brother of Bajazeth, Emperour of the Turks. After Charls had re••••••ined a moneth in Rome, he past into the kingdom, and although some small resistance was made by Ferdinan∣do, at length he got the dominion of the whole kingom▪ Ferdinando after that the C••∣stles of Naples were yeelded, departed with fourteen Gallies ill ••rmed into Sicilia. Charls after he had pacified the kingdom, demanded of the Pope the ••ree install∣ment of the Realm of Naples, the which although it were at Rome granted him, yet it could not be thought sit in respect of the Aragon••si, whereupon the Pope refused to give it him. Charls afterward being departed to return into France, many of the Barons rebelled through the severity and cruell demeanor of the Frenchm••n. Where∣upon Ferdinando was recalled, who chased away the adversaries. Charls reigned ten moneths and 26 days, he died a sudden death the ••ight before the 8 of Aprill in the year of our Lord 1497. being returned f••om playing at Tennis. He was buried in the Church of St. Denis of Paris in France, and on his Tomb this Epitaph was engraven.

Hic Octave jaces Fran••orum Carole 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Cui victa est forti Brit••nis 〈…〉〈…〉 Parthenop•• illustrem tribuit capti••a t••••iumphu••, Clara{que} Fornovio pug•••••• pera••••a sol••. Caepit Henricus regno depulsus ajuto Bellare auspici••s sceptra Britan•••• tuis. O plures longinqua dies si futa d••••issent Te nullus toto major, in orbe foret.

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ARAGONES I.

Ferdinando the second the ••1 King of Naples.

FErdinando the second of this name, a valiant man,* 1.154 endued with Princely qualities of liberality and Clemency, who for to strengthen and corrobo∣rate his affairs with a more firm conjunction with Ferdinando the Catho∣lique King of Spain, took for his wife (with the Popes dispensation) Ioan his Aunt, born of of Ferdinando his Grandsire, and Ioan the sister of the aforesaid King; and at the same time had of Pope Alexander the sixth, the instalment of the kingdom. And being placed in great glory, fell sick and died the 8. of October in the 1496. He reigned one year, 8 moneths and 14 days.

[illustration]

Frederick the 22 King of Naples.

FRederick Prince of Taranto, the son of Ferdinando the first, by the death of his Nephew succeeded in the kingdom, & in the year 1497. obtained of Pope Alexander the sixth, the instalment of the kingdom. And being much troubled with continuall war, because Charls the 8. King of France, died without leaving any children, the kingdom fell to Lewis Duke of Orleans, as the neerest in blood by the masculine line, and was the twelfth of this name. This Lewis came upon him with a mighty Army; but Ferdi∣nando the Catholique King being confederate with Lewis to his own prejudice (for a displeasure conceived against Frederick) yet conditionally, that Lewis should divide the kingdom with him. Frederick that was not able to make head or resist the puisance of so great forces united against him, especially finding his kingdom exhaust, and ill provided, retired into the Isle Ischia neer to Naples with all his Family, and after∣ward gave his kingdom wholly into the possession of King Lewis his enemy, not bequeathing any thing to the Catholique King Ferdinando, reputing himself to be ill dealt withall by him, that in stead of a friend and defender, he was come to the con∣trary to dispossess and deprive him of his kingdom. Frederick was very courteously received by Lewis, and he assigned unto him the Dukedom of Angio, and so much revenue as amounted yearly to thirty thousand Crowns; and the French King ob∣tained in recompencee from King Frederick all the right and interest which he had in the kingdom. Within a little time following Frederick fell sick at Torse in France, where his pain increasing upon him, died the ninth of September in the year 1504. He had to his wife being Prince of Taranto, the Lady N. della valle Berta∣nia,* 1.155 of the worthy Family of Alibret, blood in Gasconie, the kinswoman of the father of Charls the eighth, King of France, by whom he had one onely daughter called the Lady Carlotta, which was brought up in the French Court, and afterward succeeded in her mothers inheritance. Of his second wife Isabella the onely daughter of Pirro del Balzo Prince of Altamura, and Duke of Andry, he had six children, that is to say, three male and three female; the male children were Don Ferdinando Duke of Calauria, and Prince of Taranto. Don Cesar and Don Alfonsus, the which two last died in their Fathers time. The women kind, the first named the Lady Iulia, was married in the year 1533. to Giorgio Paleo∣logo Duke of Montferrato, and Marquis of Sanluzo, of the noble blood of the Em∣perours of Constantinople. The Lady Isabella and the Lady Caterina were never married. The Queen Isabella after the death of King Frederick, seeing herself de∣prived of all humane comfort, because that being discharged of that kingdom by the King of France, by reason of the Articles of peace concluded between the Catho∣lique Ferdinando and the said King, returned with her children to Ferrara, where she

was very courteously received by Duke Alfonsus of Este her kinsman, where she died in the year 1533, her children remaining desolate: and much persecuted by Fortune, went to Valentia in Spain, where was the Duke Ferdinando their brother; and no long time following, the one after the other died. And in the year 1559. the fifth of August, the aforesaid Duke ended his life, without leaving any issue. And so in him was extinguished the Progeny of the old King Alfonsus of Aragon.

[illustration]

FRANCES I.

Lewis the 12 King of France and 23 King of Naples.

LEwis the twelfth of this name King of France, divided with the King of Spain, according to their covenants, the kingdom of Naples,* 1.156 and ob∣tained of Pope Alexander the sixth the instalment, according to the te∣nor of those conditions which he had made. But in the year 1502. their Lieutenants growing into difference about the Confines, fell to Arms, and at last the Frenchmen were driven out of that kingdom, through the valour of that worthy Captain Consalvo Fernando; and Ferdinando the Catholique King remaining absolute possessor thereof. King Lewis held the Realm of Naples one year and ten moneths; but in France he reigned sixteen years, and died in the beginning of the year 1514.

[illustration]

ARAGONES I.

Ferdinando the Catholick 24 King of Naples:

FErdinando the Catholique remaining absolute Lord of the kingdom, main∣tained it in great peace all the time of his life,* 1.157 and obtained of Pope Iu∣lio the second the investing of all the kingdom. Finally, after many vi∣ctories atchieved in divers parts, he died in Madrigaleio a City of Castile, the 22 day of Ianuary in the year 1516. having been King of Naples twelve years and three moneths. His body was buried in the Royal Chap∣pell of the City of Granata, and upon his Tomb this Inscription was engraven

Mahometicae-sectae prostratores, & haereticae pravitatis extinctores Ferdinandus Aragonum, & Helizabetha Castellae, vir, & uxor unanimes Catholici appel∣lati, marmoreo clauduntur hoc tumulo.

[illustration]

Ione the third, 25 Queen of Naples.

IOne the third of this name, daughter of Ferdinando the Catholique King, being now the widow of Philip Archduke of Austria,* 1.158 succeeded in the kingdom, and having fourteen moneths governed all her kingdoms, substituted her heir Charls her

eldest son; who had scant accomplished 16 years of age. Charls remaining at Brussels in Flanders & being much exhorted by the Emperour Maximilian his Grandsire, reformed in the year 1516. the order of the Knights of the Golden Fleece, and so redu∣ced them to the number of 31. And because many through death were void, he ele∣cted to the said Order amongst others, these Lords, Francis 1. King of France, Don Ferdinando Infant of Spain, Emanuel King of Portugal, Lewis King of Hungary, Frederick Count Palatine, Iohn Marquis of Brandenburgh, Charls de Lannoi Lord of Sanzelle. Moreover, Don Lodovico of Vaimonte, great Constable of the king∣dom of Navarre, took in Naples the possession of the kingdom for the said Queen. Charls so soon as he was invested by the Queen his mother, sailed into Spain, and was received of all the people with infinite joy; but yet many of the greatest Nobi∣lity, and principall of the kingdom, would not accept him as King, but onely as Prince, for offering wrong to the Queen Ione, since by Testament of the Catho∣lique King her father it was decreed, that after the death of Ione, Charls of Au∣stria should succeed: Upon the which succession grew great tumults and contenti∣ons; but in the end things were well qualified, admitting him for King, together with the Queen his mother, to be done with this condition, That the affairs of the kingdom should be governed in both their names, the money stampt, and so all other business whatsoever. And so once again on the 25. of March, in the year 1517. the said Queen confirmed to Charls the former endowment. The year ensuing the 13 of April, Charles was proclaimed King together with his Mother:* 1.159 And the 18 of the moneth of May Prospero Colon••a took in Naples the possession of the kingdom in the name of Charls, which was done with all solemnity. Charls then being received to the Administration of Spain, sent also to the administrati∣on of all the other kingdoms. In the year 1519. Charls elected into the number of the Knights of the Golden Fleece, in place of Gismondo K. of Polonia lately dead,* 1.160 Christerno K. of Denmark, and Frederick of Toledo, Duke of Alva. In the mean time died the Emperour Maximilian, and the Electors of the Empire assembled ac∣cording to their ancient custome, at Francford, a Citie of low Germany, for the election of a new Cesar; and by a general consent the 18 of June in the year 1520. they chose Emperour Charls of Austria King of Spain.* 1.161 Ione having reigned (as we have said) absolutely 14 moneths, and together with Charles the 5 Emperour her son 38 years, and four moneths, retired herself to Tordezilla a Citie of Spain; where within a little while after she ended her life the thirteenth of Aprill in the year 1555.

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AVSTRIACI.

Charles 5 Emperour, and 26 King of Naples.

CHarls the fifth Emperour, after the death of Ione his mother, remai∣ned absolute Lord of all his kingdoms;* 1.162 and being (as is said) elected Emperour, the same year past the Sea from Spain into Flanders, and from thence into Germany, where he was received in the moneth of October in Aquisgraue, a noble City both for the ancient residence & the famous Tomb of Charls the Great, with a mighty concourse of people was first crowned. In the moneth of January 1526. Charls celebrated his marriage in Hispali with Isabella of Portugal his wife, the sister of King Iohn of Portugal. Af∣terward he went into Spain, where being arrived, proceeded very severely against many who had been authors of sedition; all the other he pardoned and discharged. And to joyn with justice and clemency examples of gratitude and remuneration in the acknowledging of that wherein he was ingaged to Don Ferdinando of Aragon, Duke of Calauraia, (who having refused the Crown and the kingdom of Spain offe∣red unto him by the States thereof, though he were a prisoner) set him at liberty, and with great honor called him to the Court, and married him to the richest Prin∣cess then living, even the Widow of the Catholique King Ferdinando, by which means he much gladded the people, and the Duke received honor, liberty, and infi∣nite wealth, and was created for his life time viceroy of Valentia. The Emperour without any charge, or the expence of a peny, got the friendship of the Duke, the love of the people, and great security to his State. The year ensuing 1527. on the 21 of May the Emperess Isabella was delivered of her son Philip in the Citie of Ca∣stilia,* 1.163 through whose happy birth was made every where generall seasting and tri∣umphs. In the moneth of October 1528. the Emperour by the death of Don Car∣lo de Lannoi, sent for his Viceroy into Naples Don Hugo Moncada, a man very ex∣pert in Arms, and a valiant Captain, in the which year Monsignor Odetto Fois Lotrecco went with thirty thousand Footmen and six thousand Horsmen into the kingdom of Naples, in the name of King Frances, and overcame Melfi, Venosa, and many other places in Basilicata and Apulia,* 1.164 and with the success of victory besieged Naples, the which siege continuing certain moneths, in the mean time Andrea d'Oria sent the Count Philip d'Oria his Nephew with eight Gallies to annoy the Gulf of Naples; wherewith Moncada being much discontented, seeking to remedy the same, he caused

to arm six Gallies and two Foists which were within the Haven, and putting therein the very flower and principall of the people that were in the Citie, he in his own per∣son, with the Marquis of Vasto, Ascanio Colonna great Constable, Cesare Ferramosca, and many other worthy men, with a resolution to encounter the enemy,* 1.165 and confi∣dently to overcome, were imbarked there. The Count which suddenly perceived the Imperiall Gallies to go forth of the Haven, retired himself presently to the sea, and encountring together at the Cape of Orso, the Imperiall Forces were overcome, and there dying with many others, Don Vgo, and were taken prisoners the Marquiss Vasto, and Colonna the great Constable, with other worthy men. The Count ob∣taining the victory,* 1.166 presently victoriously went to Genoway to find the Admirall An∣drea his Uncle, who disdaining the dealing of the French King, because he had taken from him the office of the Admiralty and Generall of the Sea, and given it to Mon∣signor Barbigios; he agreed by the means of Vasto with the Emperour, and brought Genoway and Savona under his Crown.* 1.167 Whereupon he went with all expedition into the kingdom in the behalf of the Emperour, and discharged the French Army which lay at the siege of Naples. Afterward Charls made peace with the French King, and gave him for wife the Lady Elinora: and the King forsook Barletta, and that which he held in the kingdom of Naples, and payed to the Emperour for a fine, one million and two hundred thousand crowns,* 1.168 and yeilded up unto him all the right and possession that he held in the Dukedom of Millane and the kingdome of Naples. The Emperour having ended his peace, went by Sea to Genoway; from thence he past to Bolonia, where in the moneth of February 1530. was by Pope Clement the se∣venth, which was come thither with his whole Court to that effect,* 1.169 and was solemnly crowned with the Imperiall Crown. Afterward the Emperour departed from Bo∣lonia, & went into Germany, and what he afterward did there, is written in Histories.* 1.170 In the year 1535. Charls having made a voyage to Tunis, & there subdued M••leasson the lawfull King of the Moores, and made him his Feudary with certain conditions. went into Sicilia. From whence afterward he departing, came to Naples the 23 of November in the same year, and entred in, in triumphant manner; where were made him by the Citie many triumphant Arks and huge Colosses,* 1.171 with divers and learned Inventions. Charls remained with great delight in feasting and tilting all that Win∣ter in Naples; where understanding that the French King was entred into Italy with his Army, and not knowing to what end and purpose, was much moved and displeased with him, went to Rome, and so proceeded in his journie. But at length the Emperour becoming a mortified man, and growing into contempt of the world, being unwiliing to sustain any longer the heavy burthen of the Empire, wisely deter∣mined to renounce it: And to that end having caused all the Knights of the order of the Golden Fleece to assemble at Brussels, and all the States of the Low Countries, the first thing he did the 25 of October in the year 1555. he made King Philip his son head of the Knights of the Golden Fleece,* 1.172 and after dinner solemnly resigned unto him all Flanders, with the other States, and Titles, and right of Burgony, descen∣ding unto him from his predecessors. Not long after the Emperour continuing his determination, resigned and renounced in like manner in Brussels to the forenamed King Philip, the kingdom of Spain, Sicilia, Majorica, Minorica, with the new Countries called America, and the new world, reserving onely certain rents and re∣venues to sustain himself and his family, reduced to a small number of servants. His Majesty also giving not onely full and absolute power to the King of the Romans his brother, to govern and rule (as some write) the Empire in his place,* 1.173 but also freely resigned the Title, the Scepter, and Imperiall Dignity. So Cesar voluntarily depri∣ved himself of his Monarchy, a thing truly worthy of consideration, that from the Emperour Lotharius till this present, never in so many ages chanced the like, al∣though Amurath the great Turk resigned the Empire of Constantinople to Mahume•• his son.* 1.174 In September 1556 Charls departed from Brussels with a great Fleet to∣wards Spain, carrying with him Queen Elinor and Queen Mary his sisters, and so sailing with fair weather and a prosperous wind, they soon arrived in safety. Charls constantly persevering in his purpose, retired himself to the Monastery of of St. Iu∣sto, neer to the village called Sciarandiglia eight leagues from the Citie of Piacenza in the Realm of Castile, where living godly, and with great devotion, he ended his

dayes the 21 of September in the year 1558, being of the age of 58 years. having ruled even to the time of his renunciation 37 years,* 1.175 2 moneths, and 3 dayes the Em∣pire, and 37 years and 8 moneths the kingdom of Naples, which he resigned to his son Philip. He was married (as is before declared) to Isabella of Portugall, the sister of Iohn King of Portugall, by whom he had the Catholique King Philip, and two daughters, the one called the Lady Mary, which with the Popes dispensation was married to Maximilian King of Bohemia,* 1.176 the son of the Emperour Ferdinando his brother. The other called the Lady Ione, was espoused to Iohn the King of Portu∣gals son. He had children by another naturall means, as Don Iohn, and Margarita, which was first married to Alexander de Medici Duke of Florence, and afterward to Octavio Fernese Prince of Parma and Piacenza. Upon the Supulcher of this invin∣cible Emperour, are engraven these two Epitaphs.

1.

LIquisti exuvias gelido sub marmore, sed non Quantum eras Caesar marmor, & urna capit. Pro tumulo ponas orbem, pro tegmine coelum, Pro facibus stellas, pro Imperio Empireon.

2.

Non aurum, non marmor erunt, non gemma, sed omnis Carole terra tui corporis urna decens, Conteget immensum quantum patet undique coelum, Sol tibi funerea pro face lumine erit, Proque tua memori fama, pro nomine stabit Aeternum tempus, quod tua facta notet. Natura effundat lachrymas, elementa gemiscent. Persitient tumulum vix satis ista tuum.

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Philip of Austria 27 King of Naples.

* 1.177PHilip of Austria, the most puissant Catholique King, which reigneth with all Triumph and Honor, after he was invested in the kingdom, and the Title of the kingdom of Ierusalem by the Emperour his Father, by reason of the ensuing

marriage between him and Queen Mary of England, he sent in his name to Na∣ples the Marquess of Pescara, to take the possession of the kingdom.

Afterward in the year 1556. Pope Paul the fourth entring in, invaded Marc Antonio Colonna of Paliano, and spoyled the rest of his estate, and mini∣stred occasion of War to the King. Whereupon the Duke of Alva the Kings Lieutenant, with an Army of twelve thousand Footmen, and fifteen hundred Horsmen, invaded the Dominion of the Church, and the war ensued, called War of Campania of Rome, which continued a year.

Afterward peace was concluded between the Pope and the King. In the mean time Queen Mary the wife of King Philip died, without leaving any children.

The King after many controversies had with Henry the second King of France, made peace with him in the year 1559. And for a greater confirmation thereof, and true reconciliation, the Catholique King married Isabella the daughter of the most Christian King, who died in child-bed in the year 1568.

The King fearing the want of issue in the year 1570 married Anna the eldest daughter of the Emperour Maximilian,* 1.178 who died in the year 1580. and left be∣hinde her a Son called by the Fathers name, Philip the second, which liveth, and is now King of Spain.

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PSALM 19.

Domine salvum fac Regem, & exaudi nos in die qua invocaverimus te.

The Titles of Dignity which all the Kings of this Kingdom have used.

1. ROgerius Dei gratia Siciliae, & Italiae Rex, Christianorum adjutor, & clypeus Rogerii primi Comitis haeres, & silius.

2. Gulielmus Dei gratia Siciliae Rex, & Christianorum defensor.

3. Gulielmus 2. Divina favente clementia Rex Siciliae, Apuliae Dux & princeps Capuae, religionis Christianae adjutor & defensor, &c.

4. Tancredus D. gratia Siciliae Rex, ac Aletii Comes.

5. Henricus 6. Dei gratia invictissimus Romanorum Imp. semper Augustus ac Si∣ciliae Rex.

6. Imperator Fredericus 2. Romanorum Caesar semper Augustus Italicus Siculus, Hierosolymitanus Arelatensis foelix victor, ac triumphator.

7. Conradus 4. Divina favente clementia electus Romanorum Imperator semper Au∣gustus, ac Siciliae, & Hierusalem rex.

8. Mansredus D. G. Siciliae & Hierusalem rex, ac Tarenti princeps.

9. Carolus Dei gratia rex Hierusalem, Siciliae, Ducatus Apuliae, & principatus Capuae, almae urbis Senator, princeps Achaiae, Andagaviae, Provinciae, Forcalquerii, & Corciadoni Comes, ac Romani Imperii in Tuscia per sanctam Romanam Ecclesiam vi∣carius generalis.

10. Carolus 2. D. G. rex Hierusalem, Siciliae, Vngariae, Ducatus Apuliae & prin∣cipatus Capuae, Provinciae, & Forcalquerii, ac Pedimontis Comes.

11. Robertus D. G. rex Hierusalem, & Siciliae, Ducatus Apuliae, & principatus Capuae, Provinciae, & Forcalquerii, ac Pedimontis Comes.

12. Ioanna D. G. regina Hierusalem & Siciliae, Ducatus Apuliae, & principatus Capuae, Provinciae, & forcalquerli, ac Pedimontis Comitissa.

13. Carolus 3. D. G. rex Vngariae, Hierusalem, & Siciliae, Provinciae, & Forcal∣querii, ac Pedimontis Comes.

14. Ladislaus D. G. Vngariae, Hierusalem, Siciliae, Dalmatiae, Croatiae, Romae, Ser∣viae, Galitiae, Lodomeriae, Comuriae, Bulguriae{que} rex, Provinciae, et Forcalquerii, ac Pedi∣montis Comes.

15. Ioanna 2. D. G. Vngariae, Hierusalem, Siciliae, Dalmatiae, Croatiae, Romae, Ser∣viae, Galitiae, Lodomeriae, Comuriae, Bulguriae{que} regina, Provinciae, Forcalquerii, ac Pedimontis Comitissa.

INTERREGNO. Consilium, & Gubernatores Republicae Regni Siciliae ordinatis per clarae memoriae Serenissimam & Illustrissimam Dominam, nostram Dominam Joannam secundam, Dei gratia Ungariae, Hierusalem & Siciliae reginam.

16. Renatus D. G. Vngariae, Hierusalem, & Siciliae rex, Andagaviae & Bari, Lotharingiae Dux, Pontis Marchio, Comitatum{que} Provinciae, Forcalquerii, Cevoviam ac Pedimontis Comes.

17. Alfonfus D. G. rex Aragonum, Siciliae citra, & ultra Farum, Valentiae, Hie∣rusalem, Vngariae, Majoricarum, Sardiniae, Corsicae, Comes Barchionis, Dux Ate∣narum & Neopatriae, ac etiam Comes Rossilionis, & Ceritaniae, &c.

18. Ferdinandus Aragon, D. G. rex Siciliae, Hierusalem, Vngariae, Valentiae, &c.

19. Alfonsus 2. Aragoneus D.G. rex Siciliae, Hierusalem et Hungariae, &c.

20. Carolus 4. D.G. rex Francorum, Neapolitanorum et Hierusalem.

21. Ferdinandus 2. Aragoneus D. G. rex Siciliae, Hierusalem, &c.

22. Fredericus Aragoneus D.G. rex Siciliae, Hierusalem, &c.

23. Ludovicus D.G. Francorum, Neapolitanorum et Hierusalem rex, dux Mediolani.

Ferdinando the Catholique King having divided the kingdom with Lewis King of France, did intitle himself so long as he so continued, Duke of Apulia and Ca∣lauria.

24. Ferdinandus et Elizabeth Dei gratia rex et regina Castellae, Aragonum, Siciliae, Granatae, Toloti, Valentiae, Galitiae, Majoricarum, Hispalis, Sardiniae, Cordubae, Corsicae, Giennis, Algarbii, Gibraltaris, et Insularum Canariae Comes, et Comitissa Barchinonae, Domini Viscayae, et Molinae, Duces Calabriae et Apuliae, ac Athenarum, et Neopa∣triae, &c. After the said King had chased away the Frenchmen from all the Realm, and made himself absolute Lord thereof, he used this title,

Ferdinandus D.G. rex Catholicus Castellae. Aragonuum. utrius{que} Siciliae. Hierusa∣lem. Granatae. Toleti. Valentiae. Galitiae. Majoricarum. Hispalis. Sardiniae. Cordubae. Corsicae. Giennis. Algarbii. Gibraltaris. Insularum Canariae▪ Comes Barchinonae Do∣minus Vizcoyae et Molinae. Dux Athenarum et Neopatriae. Comes Rossilionis et Ceri∣taniae. Marchio Oristanii et Gotiani.

25. Ioanna 3. D. G. regina Castellae▪ Aragonum. utrius{que} Siciliae. Hierusalem. Granatae. Toleti. Valentiae. Galitiae. Majoricarum. Hispalis. Sardiniae. Cordubae. Cor∣sicae. Giennis. Algarbii. Gibraltaris. Insularum Canariae, Comitissa Barchinonae. Do∣mina Vizcayae et Molinae. Ducissa Calabriae. Athenarum et Neopatriae. Comitissa Ros∣silionis et Ceritaniae. Marchionissa Oristanii et Gotiani.

26. Carolus 5. Divina favente elementia Romanorum Imperator semper Augustus rex Germaniae, et Ioanna ejus mater, et eidem Carolus Dei gratia Reges Castellae. Le∣gionis. Aragoniae. utrius{que} Siciliae. Hierusalem. Vngariae. Dalmatiae. Croatiae. Na∣varrae. Granatae. Toleti. Vulentiae. Galitiae. Majoricarum. Hispalis. Sardiniae. Cordu∣bae. Corsicae. Murtiae. Giennis. Algarbii. Alzezirae. Gibraltaris. Insularum Canariae. Indiaram. et terrae Firmae. Maris Oceani. &c. Rex. Archidux Austriae. Duc Burgundiae. Lotharingiae. Brabantiae. Stiriae. Corinthiae. Carniolae. Lymburgiae. Lucembargiae. Geldriae. Calabriae. Athenarum. Neopatriae. Virtembergae. &c. Comes Flandriae. Hab∣spurgi. Tirolis. Barchmonae. Archois et Burgundiae. Comes Palatinus. Hannoniae. Hol∣landiae. Selandiae. Ferretti. Kiburgi. Namurei. Rossilionis. Ceritaniae et Zutphaniae, &c. Lantgravius. Alsatiae. Marchio Burgoniae. Oristani. Gotzani. et sacri Romani Imperii. princeps Sueviae. Cathalaniae. Asturiae. Dominus Phrisiae. Marchiae Sclavo∣nicae. Portus Naonis. Biscayae. Molinae. Salinarum. Tripolis et Mechliniae. &c.

The Title which Charls used afterward, when he was absolute King.

Carolus 5. Divina favente clementia Romanorum Imperator semper Augustus, rex Germaniae. Castellae. Legiones. Aragoniae. utrius{que} Siciliae. Hierusalem. Vngariae. Dalmatiae. Croatiae. Navarrae. Granatae. Toleti. Valentiae. Galitiae. Majoricarum. Hispalis. Sardiniae. Cordubae. Corcicae. Murtiae. Giennis. Algarbii. Alzezirae. Gi∣braltaris. Insularum Canariae. Iudiarum et Terrae Firmae. Maris Oceani. &c. Rex Archi∣dux Austriae. Dux Burgundiae. Lotharingiae. Brabantiae. Stiriae. Corinthiae. Carniolae. Limburgiae. Lucemburgiae. Geldriae, Calabriae. Athenarum. Neopa∣triae. Virtembergae. &c. Comes Flandriae. Habspurgi. Tirolis. Barchmonae. Archois et Burgundiae. Comes Palatinus. Hannoniae. Hollandiae. Selandia••. Fer∣retti. Kiburgi. Namurci. Rossilionis. Ceritaniae et Zutphaniae. &c. Lantgravius. Al∣satiae. Marchio Burgoniae. Oristani. Gotzani. et sacri Romani Imperii. Princeps Sue∣viae. Cathalaniae. Asturiae. Dominus Phrisiae. Marchiae. Sclavonieae, Portus Naonis. Biscayae. Molinae. Salinarum. Tripolis. et Mechliniae. &c.

27. Philippus D. G. Catholicus defensor fidei, Hispaniarum, utrius{que} Siciliae. Hie∣rusalem. Portugalliae. Vngariae. Dalmatiae. Croatiae. Sardiniae. Corsicae. Majoricarum. Insularum Canariae. Orani. Insularum Indiarum. Terrae. Firmae. et Maris Oceani. Archidux Austriae. Dux Burgundiae. Mediolani. Lotharingiae. Brabantiae. Limburgi. Lucemburgi. Geld••iae. Calabriae. Athenarum et Neopatriae. Marchio sacri Romani Im∣perii Oristani•• et Gotiani. Comes Barcinonis. Ruscinonis. Ceretaniae. Flandriae. Artesiae. Hannoniae. Hollandiae. Selandioe. Namurci. Zutpheni. Burgundiae. Haspurgi. et Tiro∣lis, Dominus Cantabriae, Molinae. Phrisiae. Mechliniae. Vltrajecti. Transisalanae. & Gruningae, &c.

Of the Coronation of the Kings of NAPLES.

I Have thought it a thing very fit and convenient, having declared what the Kings were of this noble and renowned kingdom, to receive also the manner and the ceremony which is used in the time of their coronation. But before I proceed any further, it is to be understood, that there are but only four Kings that are crowned and anointed by the order of the Pope, as is noted in the Records of the Roman Church, the which Alberico de Rosato also confirmeth, which are these following, the King of Ierusalem, the King of France, the King of Na∣ples, commonly called Sicilia, and the King of England. All the rest are crowned by their Archbishops or Bishops by a certain custome. The Emperour is anointed and crowned in the same manner as are the said four Kings, and therefore all the o∣ther Kings are called by the name of Highness, and not Majesty, except those that are annointed by the order of the Pope, as is said. In the coronation then of the King of Naples the Pope sendeth a Cardinall his Legate, or a Patriarch, but he must have holy Orders, because the said Legate not having the said holy Orders, another ought to come which hath the said dignity. There also assembles (according to the accustomed manner) all the Archbishops of the kingdome, which crown this Prince with the greatest pomp•• and state that may be done to any Christi∣an King. The principall thing before the King taketh this dignity, the seven Offi∣cers of the kingdom, which are seven principall secular Lords, that meet together at this coronation, are cloathed in Purple, lined with Ermins, with very rich attires up∣on their heads, and repair together with the Recorder of the Citie into the Cathe∣drall Church of Naples, where is the ancient Tomb of Charls of Angio, which was the first that was crowned with an Imperiall crown,* 1.179 and invested King of both the Sicilles and Ierusalem; and there the Apostolike Legate, with the other Archbishops pontifically clothed with Miters and Rochets, and the other Prelats in Purple Vest∣ments, attend the Kings coming at the Church Dore. Afterward when the King cometh that is to be crowned, he entreth into the said Church, accompanied with all the Princes, Dukes, Marqueses, Earls, Barons and Lords of the kingdom, and the Legat suddenly kissing his forehead, receiveth him, and saith unto him with an high and intelligible voyce these words,* 1.180 I am come by the appointment of the supream Bishop Pope N. to crown thee King of Naples and Ierusalem. After the Archbishop with the other, that have charge to say Service in the said Church, receive the King at the Altar, and there causing him to kneel down, and after is made by the Arch∣bishop of Naples, of Capoa, and of Salerno, devout prayers for his Majesty, one of the Bishops demandeth of him in Latin, if he will promise to maintain always the Faith and Christian Religion? Defend the Widows, the Fatherless, and the Poor? Establish the kingdom, and minister justice to every one? And last of all, if he will always yeild due honor to the supream Bishop? To all which things the King an∣swering, He will, two Archbishops take him by the arm, and lead him to the Altar, where he solemnly sweareth to observe all that which the Archbishop hath demanded of him. This done, the Archbishop of Naples demandeth with a loud voyce of all the Princes, if they will promise loyalty and service to his Majesty? Where being answered by all, That they will very willingly. Then two Archbishops lead him into the Vestry, and being there apparelled with Sandalles, richly set with Jewels and Pearls, with a Surplice like a Minister, and a Cope, lead him again to the Altar, and saying certain prayers, the Cardinall Legate accompanied with the Arch∣bishops, rising from their seats with Miters on their heads, go unto him, and finding the King kneeling, with a loud and solemn prayer recommend him unto God, in whose hands are all Empires, that it would please him to make his kingdom stable and perpetuall, replenished with victory, piety, and honor. The King remaining on his knees, one of the Archbishops goeth to the Altar, and beginneth the Letany, and devoutly prayeth for his Majesty, the Archbishop of Naples, with the rest of the Bi∣shops

undoing his Surplis, with certain zealous prayers, anoint his shoulders and his right arm, to signifie, that he sustaineth the burthen of the affairs of the kingdom,* 1.181 and draweth his sword for the conservation thereof: And moreover, the Royall purple Robe reaching down even to his foot, lined with fables, and richly embrode∣red with gold and pearl, signifieth Charity. That done, he still remaining in devout meditation, the Apostolick Legat standing, the King kneeling before him, deli∣vereth into his hand the golden Scepter, all wrought in the top with Pearls and Jew∣els, wherewith religiously he commands the people.* 1.182 Then he puts a naked Sword into his right hand, wherewith he pursueth his enemies in the name of Christ. Af∣ter that he puts a Ring on his finger, and a Bracelet upon his arm, to the end he may be faithfull and pure in good works.* 1.183 Then he presenteth unto him the golden Apple, to figure the kingdome, which he ought to govern with singular piety, ver∣tue, and perseverance. And finally, he putteth upon his head the Imperial Crown, divided into two parts, garnished with many Jewels, to signifie honor and glory, The King religiously remaining on his knees, the three Archbishops lifting him up, lead him to the Altar, where again the Lords that have the 7 offices of the kingdom, cause him to swear to do the duty of a good Prince, and to observe the priviledges & immunities of the Citie and Kingdom. Afterward they lead him to sit on the left hand not far from the Legate in a chair of state covered with cloth of gold,* 1.184 and the Legate with a loud voyce proclaimeth him King of Naples and Ierusalem: And the seven officers of the kingdom, with the Recorder, in token of obedience kisse his hand, and the like is done by the Princes and Nobility of the kingdom

These ceremonies finished, the King receiveth the Communion, where begins to sound the Organs, Trumpets, Cornets, and other Instruments, discharging the Ar∣tillery, and making great triumph and joy; and so Mass being ended, the King useth to invest many Lords into their States. The King being mounted upon his horse, entreth under the Canopy embrodered with gold, in the top whereof gently wave up and down the Kings Arms, both of the Kingdom, of the Citie, and of the Pro∣vinces, carried by men of dignity and honor,* 1.185 which at one and the same time succeed in their honors and in their labours. Then beginneth the order of the pomp and state to march forward; the which I will omit to declare, lest I should seem too tedious, leaving it to every one to consider thereof.* 1.186

And this great King is exempted from the Empire▪ neither acknowledgeth he any superior being a feudist of the Church, the which Andrea d' Sormia confirmeth in his Preambles concerning tribute in the ninth column: and likewise Mattheo d' Afflitto,* 1.187 & many other worthy Lawyers discourse thereof, the which the most say, that the King of Naples is one of the aforesaid four Kings that are anointed, and crowned by the order of the Pope. Besides, he goeth before the elected Emperour being not crowned;* 1.188 because that before his coronation he is called King of the Romans: but being anoin∣ted and crowned, he is then called the Roman Emperour. Moreover, the said four kings do not follow behind the Emperor, as other kings that are subject to him, but go by his side; whereby it appeareth, that the King of Naples is one of the great Kings of the world, as well in dignity as honor of the Empire, therefore I think it not much expedient to take any great pains in expressing it, since the reputation thereof is well known to all that have any experience in learning. Sufficient is said hereof, for the Emperour Charls the 5. in the year 1554. marrying his first be∣gotten son Philip Prince of Spain, to Queen Mary of England, would not invest him with any other Title, then the kingdom of Naples and Ierusalem, to the end he should not be inferior to so great a Queen. And so much concerning the corona∣tion of the Kings of Naples.

A brief Discourse of the Kings of IERVSALEM; Beginning from Godfrey, where is shewed the true cause, why the Kings of NAPLES are intituled to that Kingdom.

THe subject of this Discourse we have here to handle, requireth that I also shew and declare the reason and cause by what right all the Kings of Naples have been intituled to the kingdom of Ierusalem, a discourse both for the greatness and excellency of the matter, wor∣thy to be known, from the true understanding whereof, every one may evidently see and perceive the great dignity and honor of the Kings of Naples, and by what right and title the said kingdom more justly be∣longeth to them then any other. For the better knowledge whereof it is necessary I briefly begin from the first Christian King of that kingdom.

In the year of Christ 1099. the Christians having begirt Ierusalem with a strong siege,* 1.189 after the thirtieth day took it with a great effusion of the enemies blood, and and the first that mounted the walls was Godfrey of Bullen, Duke of Loteringia and Loven, the which he valiantly conquering, gave the spoyl thereof to Baldwin his brother, Count of Bolonia, who assailing one of the Gates, surprized the enemies therein. This being done the 15 of July, the Christians bestowed eight whole days in visiting the holy Sepulcher, and other sacred aad religious places. After this they advanced the said Godfrey by a generall consent and decree to the Royall Throne, who accepting the dignity and government of the said citie, yet utterly re∣fused to be crowned, saying, It was not fit for him to wear a crown of gold, when the King of Kings had but one of thorns. This good King reigning but one whole year, what through the toil and labour of the passed war, or the distemperature of the air, died of a Fever, and was buried with generall lamentation in the sacred Temple of that most holy Sepulcher, in that very place of Calvary where Christ our Redeemer was crucified. This Godfrey was the first who for his Ensign or Arms of the said kingdom had not a Cross, (as commonly it was supposed) but a name abbre∣viated by two great Letters in a field Ar▪ which letters were an H with this let∣ter

[illustration]

I, which being joyned together, made this Mark or Character, which signified the name of the Citie and kingdom of Ierusalem,* 1.190 and the four corners of the said letters or name abbreviated, were charged with four Crossets Or, the which Arms though they were compounded of metall upon metall▪ that is to say, of gold and sil∣ver, yet they were onely priviledged amongst all other Arms what∣soever,

because Godfrey with the consent and generall agreement of all the Nobility that were with him at the conquest of the holy Land, did wholly condescend to bear the same, expressing by these two letters of gold the name of Ierusalem. Where∣fore it is no marvell if (now-a-days) they fail in the true form of these Royal Armes, and the proper signification, being ignorant of the meaning and mystery thereof, besides age altering the use, and ignorance increasing, they knowing them no other∣wise but by the outward shew of the figure, taking it to be a crosse, not marking the truth thereof, nor to what purpose Godfrey put the other four Crossets, if one onely would have sufficed?* 1.191 Therefore we may think these Arms were not invented of so wise a King by chance and adventure, but resolved upon with great judgment and discretion. Having now made a little digression, though very necessary for the purpose, I will return where before I left.

After the death of Godfrey, was Baldwin beforesaid Count of Edissa his brother made King of Ierusalem in his place, which was a man of great valor,* 1.192 for he wan the Citie of Tiberiade in Galile, Sidon, Accaron, and many more upon the Sea∣coast, and with the help of the Genoways and Venetians afterward overcame the strong Citie of Tolomaida, he had also the Castle of Soball, which stands upon the river of Iordan, and did much increase his dominion. At length having reigned 18 years, ended his life without children, and was buried in the same Sepulcher with his brother. By the death of Baldwin, was Baldwin the second of Burges. in France, made King by the generall consent of the Christians, who was cousin germain to the two aforesaid Kings of Ierusalem; and in the second year of his reign, the Prince of the Turks in Asia minor, coming upon Gaza with a mighty Army, he valiantly encountred, overcame, and took him prisoner. And in the year following,* 1.193 the King of Damasco suddenly besieged the gates of Ierusalem with fifteen thousand fighting men: Baldwin couragiously issuing out, and valiantly charging them, at length put them to flight, and slew two thousand of them, and took their King with a thousand prisoners, and lost but onely thirty men. Not long after,* 1.194 Balach King of the Par∣thians arriving with a mighty Army, encountred with Baldwin hand to hand, over∣came him, and carried him prisoner to Cairo, with many Christian Noble men. But at length Baldwin with the said Christian Nobility, were released with the payment of a great sum of money, and the King returned to Ierusalem, where reigning thir∣teen years, died without issue Male; and Fulk Count of Anjou his son-in-law,* 1.195 suc∣ceeded him in the kingdom, who had married his daughter Melesina, against whom the Barbarians durst never move any war, because of his two sons Baldwin and Al∣merich, expert and valiant souldiers, who being imployed as Deputies in his affairs, executed many great slaughters on the Turks. After this valiant King had reigned 11 years, running in hunting after a Hare, his horse falling with his head downward,* 1.196 died presently. Whereupon his son Baldwin the Great, and third of this name, was made King, who took Ascalon and Gaza, ancient Cities, and gave them to the Knights of the Temple. Baldwin performing other famous and worthy deeds of Arms, after he had reigned 24 years, died, and was buried in the holy Temple with the other Kings, and Almerich his brother succeded in the kingdom,* 1.197 a valiant man, who had many conflicts with the Turks, and took the Citie of Alexandria in Aegypt. Afterward he went against the great and mighty Citie Cairo, called in an∣cient time Carra, and besieged it; and being very likely to win it, notwithstanding through the instigations of the Citizens, received a great sum of money, left the siege, and returned again to Ierusalem, and not long after died, having reigne 12 years,* 1.198 leaving behind him three children, Baldwin, Sybilla, and Isabella; to whom succeeded in his kingdom Baldwin the fourth of this name, his first begotten, who though he had the leprosie, notwithstanding he did very valiantly and politickly go∣vern the kingdom, and having no wife, yet because the Realm should not want a suffi∣cient heir to succeed him, he married his sister Sybel to William Longspath, Marquess of Montferrato; and Isabell his youngest sister he promised with Jewels & Treasure to Erfrando of Tours, Governor of the Rhodes.* 1.199 This Marquess William had the govern∣ment of Ierusalem; but being a weak & impotent King, did notwithstanding many famous and worthy deeds; but he little enjoyed the benefit of his victories, for that in the beginning of the second year of his reign he died, and left after him one onely

son, called Baldwin: Baldwin the King being desirous to provide for his Nephew, married again his sister Sybell to Guy of Puite Lubrun, son of Hugh Lubrun Duke of Merchia and Governor of Lusignon in France, with this agreement, that after his death the said Guy should govern the kingdom till Baldwin his Nephew were of sufficient age. But Guy carrying himself haughty and over-proud in the government of the said kingdom, was dismist again by Baldwin the King: This was in the year 1183. Moreover, he procured Pope Lucius the third to annoint and crown his Ne∣phew King Baldwin the fifth being but a child, and appointed him Bertrand Count of Tripoly his Governor and protector of the kingdom. Thus King Baldwin the fourth reigning 6 years died,* 1.200 leaving Count Tripoly Tutor (as is said) of young Bald∣win the fifth; but he resigning his charge, being withstood by Sybel the mother of the Boy,* 1.201 and Guy her husband: But in the beginning of the eighth moneth the little king Baldwin died; whose death the mother concealed so long, as the effecting of her intended purpose required, insomuch that what with flattering and fair words, and with large gifts she wan the Patriark Eraclio, with the Nobility and principal men of authority in the kingdom, to create Guy her husband King. The Count understanding this, fuming thereat, being incensed with rage, and envying the prosperity of Guy, made peace with Salandine King of the Sarasins, promising to aid him against King Guy. The Salandine being now at peace with the Christians, found opportunity by the discord of these Princes to break it; because the Christian Prince of Mont∣reale, which governed the countrey from that to the river Iordan, being on every side inhabited with Sarasins who continually carried their commodities to Ierusalem without the Kings knowledge, suddenly brake the truce; for the Salandine saw the time was now come which he long expected, assembled together fifty thousand Horsmen, and an infinite company of Footmen without number, and got many cities of the Christians, and increasing their Army with the people of the countrey, took Ierusalem by covenant after they had besieged it one moneth. This was done the se∣cond of October 1187 in the third yeare of King Guy,* 1.202 having been in the possession of the Christians 89 years. Salandine entring Ierusalem, caused first the steeples and bells to be thrown down, and of the Churches he made stables for his horses, onely he reserved the Temple of Solomon, which was washed with Rose-water at his first entrance. Afterward he went to Tolomayda and besieged it, wherein was the King and Sybel his wife, with four children, who with the children died together of a bloody flux. Now (as we have said before) was promised to Erfrando of Turon Master of the Rhodes, a noble young man, Isabel to wife, the sister of Sybel, a vir∣gin, and also the daughter of Baldwin the fourth, and sixth King of Ierusalem, who now by the death of Sybel was next heir to her Fathers kingdom. This expectation increased a better regard of the Barons and Christian Princes towards Erfrando. But Conrado Longspath Marquess of Monferrato understanding the sudden death of Sibel and her children, being desirous of Soveraignty, and also enamored of Isabel his neer kinswoman, secretly stole her away, but with her own consent, and conveyed her to Tyre,* 1.203 and there privatly married her. And so all the right of the kingdom of Ieru∣salem came to him by his wife Isabel; whereupon he was intituled King of that kingdom. The year 1190 after Philip King of France had sollicited Richard King of England to go into Soria; but King Richard defer'd his going till the year fol∣lowing. Richard afterward observing his promise, came to Messina in the moneth of September, where Philip also was, from whence they departed having a prosperous wind.* 1.204 Philip in a short time arrived at Tolomayda; but Richard by a tempest was driven to Cyprus, where Chirsack Duke of the Island, denied him harbour; whose discourtesie he took with such discontent, as by meer force surprized the Island, and sacking it, planted a strong guard of his own people, and from thence passed to Tolo∣mayda to joyn with the Christian Army.* 1.205 Not long after he sold the said Island to the Knights of the Temple for a hundred thousand crowns, who ill governing the same, were forced by the power of the Cypriots to depart thence, and so the Knights re∣stored it again to Richard, who likewise returned them their money; and with the same conditions the year 1193,* 1.206 gave it to Guy of Puite Lubrun Lusignon in France, husband to Isabel, sister of King Baldwin, who before was enforced to flye Ierusa∣lem, in consideration whereof he resigned unto him all the Title and Interest he had

to the kingdom of Ierusalem; and for this cause the King of England began to be called King of Ierusalem; and King Guy took the possession of Cyprus, and was cal∣led King of the said Isle. The which right to the kingdom of Ierusalem was no∣thing, because the same by all law now justly belonged to Isabel the daughter of King Baldwin, wife of Conrado Marquess of Monferrato; therefore can no right or title be attributed to the King of England herein. Not long after the King Conra∣do of Monferrato was slain in Tyre by two Sarazins called Arsacides,* 1.207 not leaving a∣ny male children, but one onely daughter called Mary. The Queen Isabel married again, and had to her husband Henry Count of Campania, who indowed her with the Signiory of Tyre: but that unhappy young man,* 1.208 living not many years with his wife, unfortunately sell from a loft or chamber in his own Palace, and so died, lea∣ving three daughters, Agnesa, Melisina, and Alicia. Queen Isabel remaining thus a widow, married again the third time with Almerick Puite Lubrun Lusignon,* 1.209 King of Cyprus, who by the death of Guy his brother, succeeded in the said kingdom, and was second King of Cyprus; and in the right of Isabell his wife was also called King of Ierusalem, by whom he had three children, Amarin, Sybilla and Melisenda, but Amarin died young. King Almerick married Sybil to Livon, King of Armenia; and Melisenda the youngest daughter was married to Raymond Rupini, Nephew of the said King of Armenia, and his successor in the kingdom; the which Raymond was then Prince of Antioch. Of this Melisenda wife of Prince Raymond Rupini, was born that Mary, who in the year 1276, resigned to Charls of Anjou King of Naples the claim and Title she pretended to the kingdom of Ierusalem. At length King Al∣merick died, leaving his kingdom of Cyprus to Hugo his son, whom he had by a former wife, the which Hugo not long after the death of his Father, married Isa∣bell the daughter of Henry Count of Ciampania, and of his stepmother; and not long after the death of Almerick died also the Queen Isabel his wife, who by her will and testament bequeathed the kingdom of Ierusalem to Mary her daughter, whom she had by Conrado of Monferrato her first husband, recommending the tui∣tion of her to the society of the Hospitalers and Templers, whom she appointed her Guardians or Overseers. Afterward in the year 1222 Iohn Count of Brenne com∣ing to Rome, having the title of King of Ierusalem, by the right of Mary his wife,* 1.210 daughter (as is beforesaid) of King Conrado of Montferrato, being much honored, and presented to the Pope, going to Pisa to procure aid for his enterprise into Soria, gave to the Emperour Frederick the second King of Naples lately excommunicated (but now reconciled to the Church) his onely daughter called Iole to wife, whom he had by Mary his wife, and in dowry with her all the right and title he had to the kingdom of Ierusalem. Whereupon Frederick, and all other that succeeded him in the kingdom of Naples, were called Kings of Ierusalem. And this is one of the reasons why all the Kings of Naples are invested with the title of Ierusalem. Af∣terward Frederick in the time of Gregory the ninth, in the year 1228, being as it were inforced, went into Soria, yet managed his affairs with such power and authority,* 1.211 that he agreed to conclude a peace with the Soldian for ten years, who restored unto him Ierusalem, with all the territories and kingdom thereof, except some few little Castles: Whereupon the Easter following in the year 1229. he was crowned in Ie∣rusalem, and caused the Citie of Ioppa now called Zaffo, to be repaired and newly re∣edified. The Emperour setling and securing all things to his content, returned home into his kingdom; and in glory of so great triumph and victory, brought with him Elephants, Panthers, Dromedaries, Leopards, white Bears, Lyons, Linxes, or spotted beasts. After this the kingdom of Naples and Sicil came into the power and juris∣diction of Charls of Anjou Count of Provence, for the right and title that his prede∣cessors had, descended to him as lawfull King thereof.* 1.212 But Fortune willing to con∣firm and establish his right, without any crosse encounter, it came to passe that Hugo Puite Lubrun Lusignon the second of this name King of Cyprus, married Alicia the third daughter of Isabel Queen of Ierusalem, and of Count Henry of Ciampaania; the which thing discontenting the Princess Mary daughter of Melisenda and Ray∣mond Rupini, Prince of Antioch and Borgne, complained much of King Hugo,* 1.213 that being her kinsman, would usurp the title which was her right by Melisenda her mo∣ther being the second daughter, and not Alicia his wife, who was the third begot∣ten.

Hugo not onely little esteemed her complaints, but also otherwise did ill intreat her Whereupon the disdainfull Princess Mary came to Rome, pretending her right to the aforesaid kingdom of Ierusalem as the Neece of Queen Isabel the daughter of Almerick naturall King of the said kingdom, summoned King Hugo before the Pope, and so began the stir and contention of the title and possession of the said king∣dom: The matter being much debated by the Ambassadors of King Hugo, who knowing it to be far more available for them to have the deciding and determining of the cause committed to the Barons and Nobility of the holy Land; The Pope at the first instance referred the judgement and deciding of the matter to the Patriark of Ierusalem, the Masters of the Hospitall and the Temple, and other the Barons and Nobility of the holy Land, who were wont to have a voyce in Councell, and electi∣on of the Kings of Ierusalem; the which the Princess Mary perceiving, being a wo∣man of great age,* 1.214 weary and irksom of travell, and the perils of so long a journey, being advised by her friends, agreed with Charls of Anjou, receiving of him a great sum of money, renounced all her right and title, and resigned wholly unto him all her interest whatsoever to the kingdom of Ierusalem, confirming the same by authentick and solemn writings, which was in the year 1276. Whereupon Charls afterward by means of the Pope, was proclaimed by lawful sentence, King of that Realm, as well by the ancient right of the Emperour Frederick,* 1.215 as also that of Mary; Insomuch that by the reasons aforesaid it plainly appeareth, that the right and title of the king∣dom of Ierusalem lawfully belongeth to the Kings of Naples, and to none other; and so the supposed titles both of the King of England, and also of the King of Cyprus, are little or of no worth. Wherefore I do not a little marvell that this last right and title was unknown both to Pandolfo Colennuccio, that writ a brief Epi∣tome of the kingdom of Naples, and also to Iacobo Mainolda, who composed that Book of the title of Philip King of Spain, Naples and Ierusalem, seeing the History is so apparent. But to return to the matter, Charls for the better security of his af∣fairs, sent suddenly the Count Ruggier Sanseverin Governor into the holy Land, who took an oath of the Knights of the Temple,* 1.216 and Barons of the Realm, of ••eal∣ty and homage in the name of Charls: and so King Charls enjoyed not onely the said Realm, but also by the means of Ruggier and other Captains, held a great part of Aegypt. And we have often understood of many brethren of St Francis, and o∣ther persons worthy credit that have been in Ierusalem and in other places in Ae∣gypt, that in many stately buildings in those places, there is yet seen the Arms of King Charls▪ the which doe manifestly shew the great power and valor of that good King. But since occasion is now offered me, it will not be amiss if I shew what the Arms of the kingdom of Naples are, although we have writ thereof, at full, in the book of the life of the Kings of Naples; but being rather enforced through the envy of some who have written concerning the Arms of the said kingdom,* 1.217 and briefly dis∣courst thereon. The Ensign or Arms then of this most noble kingdom, is a Field Azure, replenished with Flour de lices Or, which at first was charged with a Labell of four points gules, being carried as the impress of Charls the first of Anjou, with this Motto or Emblem, Noxias Herbas, what time he came to the winning of the kingdom of Naples, and to expell and drive away King Manfred enemy to the Church, whom he overcame and slew. Charls in remembrance of so happy a victory, beautified the kingdom with these Arms, holding that field and flour de lices with the Labell for a particular Arms in memory of the said happy victory.

Stopping the mouths of those envious backbiters, who say the Arms of this Noble kingdom, was an Ass devouring his old furniture or trappings upon him, looked back∣ward for new, meaning thereby the instability of this happy kingdom, loving always new Governors like the Asses figure, which was devised by gross Asses, to dishonor and discredit this noble kingdom; but it is certain this little kingdom hath sustained great oppression, they imputing it to no other sense, have feigned this Asinine sim∣plicity; which saying the envious have not stuck to publish in books.

Manner of writing used by the Arragonian Kings of Naples writing to divers Princes.

KIng Alphonso to the Emperour of Germany, was wont to write in parchment in th'infrascribed manner.

To the most renowned Prince, and most excellent Lord, Frederick Emperour of the Romans, for ever Royall.

The subscription was thus,

Alphonsus by th'grace of God King of th' Aragons, Sicilie on this side and be∣yond the Pharos, Valentia, Jerusalem, Hungaria, the Majorcas, Sardinia, Corsica, &c. greeting, and increase of prosperous successes.

And so in the Occurrences he used to write.

Most renowned and most excellent Prince, we would intreat your Soveraignty, or your Mightiness.

To the Emperour of Constantinople.

To the most renowned and most excellent Lord Drage Paleologo, Emperour of the Romans, for ever royall, our most dear kinsman. The subscription was as above.

To Prester Iohn of India.

To the most eminent and most unconquerable Monarch, Lord Isaack Prester Iohn, sonn of David, Lord of the Tables, Mount Sinai, Aethiopia, King of Kings, our most dear brother. The subscription in the manner aforesaid.

To the great Turk.

To the most renowned Prince Amorat Bechi, great Lord of the Theucrians, our most dear friend.

To the great Soldan of Babylon.

To the most Illustrious Prince Abuysac Iamac, great Soldan of Babylon.

To the King of France.

To the most renowned Prince Charls King of the French, our most loving kins∣man and friend.

To the King of England.

To the most renowned Prince Henry, King of England, our most dear kinsman and friend.

To the King of Cyprus.

To the most worthy Prince Iohn King of Cyprus, our most dear kinsman and friend.

To the King of Castile and Leon.

To the most renowned and Illustrious Prince, Don Henrich King of Castile and Leon, our very dear and very loving Cousin.

To the Queen of Arragon.

To the most illustrious Queen, our most dear and most beloved Wife, and Lieu∣tenantess generall.

To the King of Portugall.

To the very Ilustrious Prince Don Alfonso King of Portugall and Algarue, our very dear and well-beloved Cousin.

To the King of Navarre.

To the most Illustrious Prince Don Iohn King of Navarre, our very dear and much beloved Brother and Lieutenant Generall.

To the King of Granada.

To the high Prince Don Machand King of Granada, our very dear and much be∣loved friend.

To the King of Tunis.

To the most Illustrious Prince Don Octunne King of Tunis, our very dear and much beloved friend.

To the Dolphin of France.

To the most illustrious Prince Lewis, Dolphin of Usania, our most dear kins∣man.

To the Prince of Austria.

To the most Illustrious and our very dear and much beloved Cozen, Henry Prince of Austria, first born in the kingdoms of Castile and Leon.

To the Duke of Cleves.

To the most illustrious Prince Iohn, Duke of Cleves, our most dear kinsman and friend.

To the Duke of Osterlich.

To the Illustrious and mighty Albert Duke of Osterlich.

To the Duke of Brittannie.

To the Illustrious and mighty Peter Duke of Brittannie, our most dear kinsman and friend.

To the Duke of Burgundy.

To the most Illustrious Prince Philip Duke of Burgundie, our most dear kinsman and friend.

To the Duke of Burgundie his eldest son.

To the most illustrious Prince Charls, first born of the most illustrious Duke of Burgundie and Lord Charlois our most dear kinsman.

To the Duke of Savoy.

To the Illustrious and mighty Prince Lewis Duke of Savoy, Chablays our, most dear kinsman.

To the Earl of Foix.

To the respected and excellent Gascon Earl of Foix, our most dear kinsman and friend.

Names of all the Vice-roys of Naples▪ which began in the year 1505.

Year of Christ.	Number of Vice-roys.
1505	1	COnsalvo Fernandes of the House of Aghilar a Cordonese by Nation, Duke of Terranova, who for his famous vi∣ctories was called the Great Captain.
1507	2	Don Iohn of Arragon, Duke of Ripacursa.
1510	3	Don Raimondo of Cardona Count of Albento.
1514		* Don Bernardino Villamarino. * 1517. Don Francis Remo∣linis Cardinall of Sorrento were both Lieutenants.
1523	4	Don Charls della Noia.
1526		* Andrew Carrafa Count of St. Severina was a Lieutenant.
1527	5	Don Vgo of Moncada.
1528	6	Philibert of Chalon Prince of Orange.
1530	7	Pompey Colonna Cardinall.
1532	8	Don Piedro de Toledo, Marquis of Villafranca.
1553	9	Don Lewis of Toledo was Lieutenant.
1554	10	Don Pietro Pacecco Cardinall Seguntine.
		* 1554 Don Bernardine of Mendoza was Lieutenant.
1555	11	Don Ernandez Alvarez of Toledo Duke of Alva.
1559	12	Bartholomew Cardinall of Cuova.
		* 1559. Don Frederico de Toledo. * 1559. Don Iohn Marique were Lieutenants one after the other.
1559	13	Don Perafan Duke of Alcala.
1570	14	Antony Perrenotto Cardinall of Granvela.
1577	15	Don Innico of Mendoza Marquis of Mondesela.
1579	16	Don Iohn Zunica Prince of Pietra Precia.
1582	17	Don Peter Giron Duke of Ossuna.
1586	18	Don Iohn de Zunica Count of Miranda.
1596	19	Don Henry de Gusman Count of Olivares.
1599	20	Don Ferdinand di Castra Count of Lemos and of Andrada: Marquis of Sarria and Count of Villalua, went Ambassa∣dor to Rome, sent by Philip the second, and left in the kingdom for Lieutenant Don Francisco his son, who go∣verned with great wisdom.

The seven principall Offices of the KINGDOM.

High Constable.

THere are seven principall or chief Offices in the kingdom, The first whereof is, the Great or High Constable, who stands in place of Ge∣nerall, or the Kings Lieutenant in the wars which happen in the kingdom; and in such a case orders and provides for all such things as belong to the Militia. This Office lasts as long as the war: And when the King creates such a one, he puts a golden Truncheon in his hand saying, Take this sacred Truncheon in thy hand to drive away and keep back the enemies and opposers of my people. And this word Constable, much used amongst Tuscan Writers, did anciently signifie a Captain of a quantity of Cavallery. But in process of time by Constable was meant a Commander of Foot-Soldiers, the Captains of Horse beginning to be called Conductors. Bembo in his Latin History calls the Constable Centurion of Soldiers. In the kingdom of Naples the office of Constable signified not onely a Captain, but one of far greater authority, it being of the seven offices the greatest: And as it hath been always conferred upon great Lords, so we see it at this day setled upon the person of N. He by right commands all Martiall persons, as well afoot as on hors-back; And in Royall Parliaments sits next the King on his right hand. Pontanus in the fourth book of his History of Naples speaking of the office of the Constable, refused that word as too base and abject, and not Roman, and so named him in Latin Magnus militiae Magi∣ster, the great Master of the Militia. Some would liken the office of great Constable to the Praefectus Praetorio, yet there seems to be a difficulty in it, seeing the Praefectus Praetorio was always created out of the Knightly order, which Rule is not observed in the High Constable who is alwayes selected from among the greatest and most illustrious Barons of the Kingdom, I believe their opinion was grounded upon this, that the Praefectus Praetorio was next to the Prince a supream office, depending upon none else, over all the Militia, just as the high Constable is amongst us; he hath 219•• Duckets a year pay, and pretends in time of service when the war is without the kingdom, he ought to have it double: Whereupon there is a consultation de∣pending in the Royall Chamber, which is yet undecided.

High Admirall.

THe High Admirall is the second Office of the kingdom: And though the Great Iustice have pretended to have the second place; yet there arising many years ago, a controversie for precedencie between the Duke of Somma, high Admirall, and the Duke of Amalfi chief Justice, and the question being, which of them should at that time precede, it was thus judged, That for the present the Duke of Somma as high Admirall, should precede the chief Justice, and this was done in a summary kind of judgment: for the Viceroy who was at that time, having called to∣gether the Regents before he went to the Chappell on a Sunday morning, he caused this question to be resolved standing, so far that the Usher was commanded to say, That his Excellency commanded the High Admirall should go before the chief Ju∣stice, not debarring howsoever the chief Justice of any reasons which he might here∣after alledge for himself. Signior Agnolo of Costanzo told me that one of those

Regents being called by the Viceroy that very morning wherein he had commanded the Usher to publish that Order, had told him they were moved to give sentence on the high Admirals behalf; because there was a very ancient Record sound in the Kings Chancery, by which it plainly appeared, that in a Parliament held in the time of Charls the third, King of Naples, Thomas Marzano Count of Squillace, high Ad∣mirall, preceded Rogger Acclocciamuro chief Justice. And this Record is like∣wise made mention of by Martin Frezza in his first book de Subseudis pag. 54. num. 35. And though in the Parliament held by King Alphonso in Benevento, they seemed to sit in another order, yet because there was no authenticall Record thereof extant, as of that of Charls the third, judgement was given on the high Admirals side; and so much the rather, because it seems to be very just, that the Generall of the Sea, who is the Admiral, should immediatly follow the Land Generall, which is the Con∣stable. This Office alone, of all the other seven, retains to this hour its jurisdiction, which all the rest have lost. And from this also hath been taken away the General∣ship of the Gallies of the kingdom, though there yet belongs unto him a very large jurisdiction both in Naples and elswhere through all the kingdom; over all those which any way by industry live upon the trade of the Sea. The great Court of Ad∣miralty hath its name of Great, even just as that of the Vicaria, and its Tribunall is governed by one or more Judges, according to the high Admirals pleasure. He chuses his Lieutenant, who carries in his hand the staff of Jurisdiction, as the Regent of the Vicaria doth: And he as well as the Judge, hath a place in the Royall Chap∣pell, next to the last Judge of the Civill Vicaria, as Frezza saith, lib. 3. pag. 432. num. 23. He may likewise appoint fifty men for the guard of his person, with fifty Con∣stables on Horseback, and 25 Commensali, or fellow Boorders, and other persons, as is contained in his priviledges, which may go armed in the Citie of Naples, and all the kingdom over with any manner of Arms, though they be prohibited by the law. He hath also all his houshold Officers, and such Officers also as belong to his Court. He appoints in every Sea-town a Vice-Admirall, a Register, and two Marshals: and in every Province a Provinciall Vice-Admirall with six Marshals, and all subject to his jurisdiction. All shipwracks either of Infidels or unknown masters are his. When he purposes to keep Court for execution of justice, he sets up his Flag, hath a Captain of the guard, and his Marshals. His stipend is, besides six Duckets a day, which all the other six Officers have, which comes every year to 2160 Duckets; every moneth a hundred Duckets as he is Generall of the Sea: He hath for every Bark or Boat, a Carline, by reason of their Pennons which are certain little Flaggs with the high Ad∣mirals Arms upon them, which every master of Boat or Bark is bound to carry by his Lanthorn, none can put any vessels to sea against the Infidels without his license, for which he is to pay a certain rate; and of the prizes also when any are taken, there be∣longs a share to the high Admirall▪ He hath also all the bodies of the vessels which are taken, with other pledges, and those which by chance are sunk in the sea; he hath also I know not how many barrows of Salt of the old measure for his house provi∣sion. He pays no Custome or Toll, nor gives no account for any thing he exports out of the kingdom by sea, though others pay for such things. He hath moreover ve∣ry many other prerogatives and preheminencies, which may be read in the Orders of the Office of the high Court of Admiralty, which for brevity I omit, of which to this day the high Admirall is possessed.

Chief Iustice.

THe third Office is that of Chief Iustice, which hath the supream place of exer∣cising Justice, as well Civill as Criminall in the whole kingdom of Naples. His Lieutenant is called the Regent of the Vicaria, and hath his Judges both Criminall and Civill, and his Tribunall is the Court of the Vicaria. The Chief Iustice his sti∣pend is two thousand one hundred and ninety Duckets; and the Regent hath

six hundred Duckets, he hath also the profits of the licenses of the Sword, which are two and twenty grains and half, for every license, which may come every year to two thousand Duckets.

High Chamberlain.

THe fourth Office is that of High Chamberlain, & is so called by reason he hath partciular care of the Royal Chamber, and every thing else therby belonging to his King. His Lieutenant hath his Tribunall, called the Chamber of the Summaria, where there is nothing treated of neither by his Lieutenant nor by the Presidents but of such differences as arise between private men, and the Kings Treasury or Exche∣quer. His stipend is two thousand one hundred and ninety Duckets; and hath more∣over Ius Tappeti of the Captainships which are given within the lands of Demains of the kingdom for the administration of Justice, and for some he hath six Duckets a year, for some three, and for some twelve, when they are dispatched: He receives al∣so of Barons which pay homage to the Royall Court eight Carlines for an ounce, for any such sum the said homages amount unto, which one year with another are judged to amount to two thousand Duckets a year. He hath moreover from the Royall Court 24 Bushels of Salt, and 36 fine Sugar-loaves every year. Has Lieute∣nant hath one thousand Duckets a year stipend, and the Presidents six hundred, and they also have their emoluments.

Grand Protonotary.

THe fifth Office is that of Grand Protonotary, to which Office at first belonged to read before the King, and keep all his writings. Then the Catholick King trans∣ferred the care of that to the Secretary of the Kingdom, and to the Clerks of Com∣missions; so that whereas this Office was at first of great authority, so now there re∣mains nothing to the Vice-protonotary, but the creating of Notaries and Judges of Contracts, and legitimating of Bastards. The stipend he hath is according to the rest. He hath moreover the emoluments of Notaries, and of Judges of Royall Contracts which are made within the kingdom, & the legitimations which are granted, the dues of which emoluments belonging to him, are these: For a Notariship two Duckets, and six for the judgement when it is all over the kingdom; but when it is for a Pro∣vince, four Duckets, and for every legitimation a Ducket; which emoluments are thought to be worth to him yearly 1••00 Duckets.

High Chancellor.

THe sixth Office of the kingdom is that of High Chancellor, which serves both for Secretary and Chancellor in occurrent businesses, and he keeps the Royall Seal. He takes care also when any one will take the degree of Doctor, to have him examined by the Colledge of Doctors; by which being approved for sufficient, in the Kings name he gives him his degree. This Office was wont to be given by our French Kings to Prelats. His stipend differs not from the other. He hath moreover the emoluments of the Students which come to the Doctors of the Law, and of Phy∣sick, which are worth some 2000 Duckets a year. He hath power to chuse and ap∣point his Vicechancellor, who paticipates of his emoluments.

High Steward.

THe seventh Office is High Steward, who hath particular care of providing all things which concern the Kings daily ordinary diet, and his Court. The name of such an Office is thought to have come out of France, from whence came also that of Marshall, which as we may perceive, seem to have a kind of conjunction and affinity together. Athenaeus a very subtile indagator of Antiquities, calls the Steward Ela∣trus: He saith moreover there was such an Office very much respected amongst the Ancients; he hath two thousand one hundred and ninety Duckets a year.

A Discourse of the order and the fashion or form of the Crowns of the Nobility of the Kingdom of Naples.

[illustration]

FIrst of all, before I declare how many, and who be the intituled Lords of this famous kingdom, I esteem it a thing very convenient briefly to set down (forasmuch as the quality of the matter so requireth) the differences of the Crowns which they use: And although many excellent Lawyers have written thereon, nevertheless (as I have said) the subject thereof so re∣quiring, I think it fit to discourse something thereof, the better to satisfie the Rea∣der, and to leave nothing unperfect.* 1.218 Athenaeo then writeth that the Crown was in∣vented by our Ancestors as a badge of honor for the ornament of the head, wherein the beginning and foundation of the senses being placed, nature hath put as it were in a rock and fortresse of the whole body, that power of the soul which we call Rea∣son or Understanding. Aristotle was of opinion that the Crown was first invented by quaffers and drinkers, to repress the force and inflammation of wine;* 1.219 which ascending with the fume into the head, moveth some pain in that part; the which thing being found to be true, it might be then (because it gave also ornament and comeliness) the means to increase the wonderfull estimation thereof: whereupon by some were added certain little birds, because pinching another mans forehead suffe∣red him not to sleep, it was also in great use among Lovers. The Greeks in the so∣lemnity of their sports, used a crown of the Pine tree, the Achaians Smallage, the Cappadocians Mugwort. Pliny affirmeth, that the first that was crowned was Li∣bero,* 1.220 after whom the use of that ceremony so much increased among the Greeks and the Romans, that in the end it was brought upon the Altars in sacrifice in victory, and in their sacred contentions; whereupon ambition always increasing, men used to sit with crowns on their heads in their feasts and Bankets. At last crowns entring in among Souldiers and men of war, Armies began to give it to their Captains to honor them, and very often Generals were crowned therewith, which carried them∣selves valiantly in any honorable act, either by valor or manhood; and the like ho∣nor was also done to others by the people and the Senate. Whereupon the Law∣yers reasoning to this purpose of the crown, have written, that it was granted some∣times in token of Empire and honor, sometimes for industry and military reward, and sometimes in sign of spirituall victory. Theophrastus describeth three sorts of

Crowns,* 1.221 one of sweet odoriferous flowers, another of flowers that have no scent, the third of leaves and green boughs of trees, the fourth which was added by the rich Crassus, was made of gold & silver by the imitation of leaves, which he did expose to the view of other men in his sports and games. But passing over this ancient bar∣barous rudeness, and resting in the now last use of Crowns, which are made of massie gold and silver, intermixed with beautifull ornaments of pearls and pretious stones, transforming the leaves into sharp poynts, and other curious work, which yeild a pleasant and beautiful object to the eye. The custome of the Athenians was to crown their worthy and vertuous Citizens with a wreath of two Olive boughs:* 1.222 But we speaking again of the first crowns, which take their names of the effects for which they are imployed; for that of Bayes is given to him which goeth in triumph, and is called the Triumphale,* 1.223 for the Bayes is a token of Joy and Victory. Posthu∣mio Tuberto in his triumph for overcoming the Sabins, with little blood, wore a crown of Mirtle. Likewise the Ovale crown was given to him which had got a Citie not by force but by friendship and covenant. Moreover, he that had delive∣red a Citie from siege, had given him a crown of the grass growing in the territory wherein they were besieged, and this crown of grass was called Ossidionale. Who first mounted upon the walls of the enemy, to him was consecrated a crown of gold, with the form of battlements of the wall; and this kind of crown was called Murale, and the Emperour did give it with his owns hands. Who first entred into the enemies camp, to him was given the crown Vallare, which was also called Castrense, which was of gold in the form of a Bulwark. Who first in battell at sea boarded the enemy, to him was presented the crown Navale, which was of gold in the fashion of a ship: The first that had this crown was M. Varro, for overcoming the navy of Pi∣rats and Rovers, and this En. Pompeius gave him. The crown which was given to those which had preserved any Citizen in battel,* 1.224 received in token of safety from him, a crown called Civica, which was first of Oke, and afterward of Holm. Finally, those which were accustomed to be made of metall in recompence of worthy deeds, were the Vallari, or Castrensi, the Murali, and the Navali, These were of gold, as were also those in process of time of Bayes, whereupon it was called crown gold, which was given to those who had the crown made them for triumph. But none a∣mong the aforesaid crowns was ever more noble or more glorious with the Romans then that of grass, after which the Civiche, the Tirumphale, and those of gold were the next in estimation,* 1.225 because that all the other crowns Captains did give to Soul∣diers; but this of grass was presented by the whole Army, as to the preserver there∣of. And sometimes the Senate did give it, and the people of Rome to some particular person, as to Fabius Maximus when Hannibal departed Italy, and which was also given to Augustus when he shut the Temple of Ianus, and made peace both by sea and land.

* 1.226Now concerning the Royall crown according to the use in these days, was by the Ancients in no such sort observed, athough the Priests of Persia, and the Kings did wear a round wreath of Linnen, and the Meonii, the Syrians, the Phrygians and the Lydians the Miter, the which is now used by our Bishops as an ornament over the Scutchions of their Arms, signifying thereby the Nobility of their House, and their divine profession: But in exchange of the crown the King had the Scepter, the Chair of State, the purple Robe wrought with gold, and carried a Diadem, upon their heads, which was a roll of white linnen, which the Kings were wont to wear upon their heads, an invention (as I think) of the Egyptians and the Hebrews, who using to anoint their Kings upon the Temples or sides of the head, did roll a veil round a∣bout, that the sacred oyntment might not be wip'd away. Whereupon to this pur∣pose we find, that Alexander the Great took from his head the Diadem, to put it upon Lysimacus, who whas therewith wounded in the forehead, the which accident was prognosticated by the future reign of Lysimacus. And that Pompey surnamed the Great, was envied because he did wear a wreath upon his knee, for a certain hurt that did much offend him, as though he would aspire to the kingdom of Rome.

Now concerning the use of this crown according to the modern custome, the Em∣perours and Kings which descended from the Romans, were wont to send to those whom they exalted to any Royall dignity, a crown in token of honor. And more∣over

the invention came from them;* 1.227 for it is not long since this ceremony was exer∣cised by the chief Bishops & Emperours, forsomuch as it was not honor enough for the Pope, as election should be made of that supream degree, to sit in St. Peters Chair. But this ceremony gathering daily greater force, was introduced, that between the solemnity of the Masse he should be crowned by the hand of the Bishop of Ostia.* 1.228 And likewise the coronation of the Emperours was unknown in the first Ages of the Empire; for the first of the Roman Emperours that put a golden crown upon his head, was (as Aurelius Victor declares) the Emperour Aurelianus,* 1.229 who ru∣led the Empire in the year of Christ 271. and used apparrell embrodered with gold and pearl, and full of pretious stones. Afterward Dioclesian (as Eutropias writeth) begun the fashion of the Royall state of a King, because that not onely in his ap∣parell, but even in his shooes had pretious stones embrodered,* 1.230 causing others to do him honor and reverence, and was the first that would be adored. But the first of all the Emperoers which received the crown of the Roman Empire from the Pope, was Charls the Great, who having setled the affairs of Italy, of France and Germany, came to Rome, & with all the honor that might be, was placed in the seat of Pope Leo the third, which through the envy of some men was deposed from the Papacy. Charls the Great was crowned in the year of our Lord 801. The Pope having celebrated the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 upon the Reliques of St. Peter, by the consent and desire of the p••••ple of Rome, declared Charls Emperour of the Romans, and put an Imperiall crown upon his head,* 1.231 the people making great applause and acclamation, and proclaiming with a loud and high voyce three times, To Charls August crowned by God, the great and peaceable Emperour, Life and Victory. And the Pope anointed him with oyl and balm consecrated to this effect, together with Pepin his son, whom he pronounced King of Italy; the which things were all done in the year of our Lord 801. And so Charles began to Occi∣dentall Empire of Germany, which to this present hath continued with great honor and glory. Whereupon the Emperours which succeeded him, imitating Charls, either because that action seemed unto them worthy observation, or perhaps because they desired by that means to maintain the title of the Empire, which Leo gave to Charles, as is said, they followed from time to time the custome to be crowned. In this manner also were together with the power annexed the demonstrations of Regall or Princely fortune, of the which demonstrations of honor they participating more or lesse, the which did participate more or lesse of Kingly fortune, from thence proceeded the use of Crowns and Chaplets, signifying Royall or Princely dignity, or the honor of a Duke, or Lordly power & autho∣rity, because that the Roman Empire being fallen from the greatness therof, and Barbarians coming into Italy, who like the inundation of a mighty river, carrieth with it infinite damage, replenished unfortunate Italy with their bru∣tish manners; whereupon miserably fell to the earth, not onely the beauty of the Roman tongue, and the perfection and propriety thereof, but all that semblance and similitude of the ancient customes, and new titles, new fashions, and new lawes were intruded: the word Prince was taken for a new kind of dignity, which being inferior to a King, and Imperiall preheminence, taketh the precedence of Dukes,* 1.232 Marquesses, and Earls. The first which used this name in Italy, was, as we have de∣clared (and according as Leone Cardinall and Bishop of Ostia saith in his History Casinense) about the year of our Lord 755, Arechi the second, 14. Duke of Bene∣vento, who having inlarged his Dukedom, would have his said State no longer called a Dukedom, but a Principality, and caused himself to be anointed and crowned by his Bishops; and in the end of his Letters and Charters of Priviledge, caused them to to be thus dated, Scriptum in nostro sacratissimo Palatio. Afterward his successors continuing, used to do the like. Whereupon by their example the Princes of Capoa, of Taranto, and of Salerno being allured thereunto, caused themselves also to be an∣nointed and crowned by their Bishops. These titles at the 〈…〉〈…〉 of the Kings, were given unto their children, nor any except the blood Royall 〈…〉〈…〉 partakers of these

titles. Whereupon of the children of Ruggiero, the first King of the kingdom of Naples and Sicilia, Ainulfo was Prince of Capoa, and Gulielmo which afterward suc∣ceeded in the kingdom, was Prince of Taranto. Charls of Aujou the first of this name,* 1.233 King of Naples, ordained, that his eldest son should be named Prince of Saler∣no; whereupon Charls the second in the time of his father was intituled Prince of Salerno, and Charls the son of Charls the second, before he came to the kingdom of Hungary, was also called Prince of Salerno. But because his brother Ruberto, and not he, succeeded in the kingdom of Naples, which was then called Duke of Calau∣ria,* 1.234 from thence it so came to pass, that from that time forward they were no more Princes of Salerno, but the Kings first begotten son was called Duke of Calauria. So was Charls called his father living, the worthy son of Ruberto; so was Ferdinando the son of Alfonsus King of Arragon, who first conquered Naples; and so was Alfon∣sus the squint-eyed the son of Ferdinando; but it so falling out, that old Ferdinando alo living, to Alfonsus his son was born a son whom he also named Ferdinando, to him (because his father Duke of Calauria lived) was given the title of the Principa∣lity of Capoa.* 1.235 The first which was called Prince of Taranto, not descending of the blood Royall, was Iacobo del Balzo the son of Francisco, which was also the first that of no Princely family was called Duke of Andri. And so much concerning the title of a Prince, which signifying the Dignity, Signiory and Jurisdiction which 〈◊〉〈◊〉 holdeth, so it is lawfull for them to place over their Scutchion, or Coat, Armour, o•• ••heir Fa∣mily, a crown made after this fashion,

* 1.236

[illustration]

In this kingdom after the dignity of a Prince, the next is the state of a Duke, which taketh place before a Marquess and an Earl. These Dukes have above their Arms a round hoop without any points or work above: But in place of the points there are certain pearls, and round about are certain pretious stones, after the manner which here underneath appears.

* 1.237

[illustration]

* 1.238The which fashion, although it be now decayed, I have thought good to declare, to the end the truth thereof may be known, The first title of a Duke in this kingdom, was that of Benevento, instituted in the year 573. But after they came under the ju∣risdiction of the King, the first being not descended of Princely blood, was Francis∣co del Balzo (as hath been said) made Duke of Andri, by Queen Ione the first. Not long after was Iacobo Marzano, made Duke of Sessa by King Ladislaus, and so others from time to time, whereof the number at this present is very great. This dignity of a Duke increased to a very high and eminent degree, the which chanced not to any of the other aforesaid dignities, because Charls the 8. King of France being possest of this kingdom, created Giliberto of Borbona Earl of Montpensier his Lieutenant Ge∣nerall of the kingdom Archduke of Sessa,* 1.239 and so the said Borbana afterward caused to be set upon his Arms a great purple cap, garnished with a golden hoop, set full of pretious stones, with certain points without pearls in the top, but onely put in the sides thereof, to the end the dignity of a Prince might have its place, and that he also might be known for an Archduke.

* 1.240

[illustration]

The which crowns as well of the Archdukes as the Dukes, are to be used in the man∣ner abovesaid, that whosoever ascendeth to that dignity, ought not to augment it with flourishing, or otherwise with the ornament of Jewels or pretious stones, for in so doing, they seem to usurp a greater dignity then belongs unto them, for which as the Lawyers say, they ought to be punished. And here it is to be noted, that they are not pointed in that manner as some of them have formerly used, that is to say, after that fashion, as their ancestors have had them, because they as they were free Lords, and acknowledged not any superior, (as before hath been declared in the dis∣course of the principality on this side) might lawfully do it; the which is now other∣wise, the kingdom being under the dominion and jurisdiction of Kings.

After these the next in degree are the Marquesses, the which are adorned with a hoop set with pretious stones, without any thing above, and with a very small appea∣rance thereof above the Arms, after this manner.

[illustration]

* 1.241

Bi••ndo and Pietro Razzano say, that the word Marquess signifieth in the Lombard tongue a perpetuall Magistrate, or a perpetuall Lordship; but according as Mario E∣quicola saith in his Commentaries of the Marquesses of Mantua, signifieth in the I∣••alian tongue, a President. Alciato that excellent Lawyer, saith that the word Mar∣quess is a Dutch name, and that it signifieth a Master of the Horse, forasmuch as the Germans call a horse Marca, and in the French tongue Marcare is as much as to say, to ride. In this kingdom as the name of a Duke and an Earl came the soonest, and that of a Prince first, before in any other place, so that of a Marquess appeared long after; for the first was Cecco dal Bargo that was made Marquess of Pescara by King Ladi∣slaus.

Then follow the Earls, called in Latine Comiti, because they were sent from the train and followers of the Emperours to rule and govern some province,* 1.242 or some part thereof. Also an Earle, according to Luca de Penna, may put upon his Arms, in place of a crown, a plain hoop, differing nothing from that of a Marquess, save onely the want of Jewels and pretious stones, as the Earls of Altavilla, of Aquino, of Con∣za, of Marsico, of Nola, of Isernia, of Milito, of Potenza, of Troja,* 1.243 and others anciently have used.

[illustration]

The Earls had their precedence in the Parliaments of all the other Lords and Ba∣rons which had no title;* 1.244 being created by the ancient Kings with great state and so∣lemnity, as appears in Vgone Falcando, where he speaketh of the promotion of Ric∣cardo di Mandra, Constable of the County of Molise, Comes creatus tubis, tympanis, cimbalis{que} de more solenniter prae untibus.

FINIS.

Notes

• * 1.1

  The nature & disposition of the people.
• * 1.2

  The Royal re∣venue under the Kings of the Normans was received by a price.
• * 1.3

  What a whole intire fee was Andrea d' Iser∣nia. Capece.

  A feudary was bound but to 3 months ser∣vice.

  The Chap. of King Charls.
• * 1.4

  The feudary when he ser∣ved not perso∣nally to what he was bound.
• * 1.5

  Afflitto.
• * 1.6

  Charls 2.
• * 1.7

  Places of De∣mains which yay the Live∣ry.

  Extraordinary payments, on whom, and when it is im∣posed.

  The impositi∣on of 3 grains made by Don
• * 1.8

  The sum of the imposition for the Castles
• * 1.9

  The sum of the imposition for repairing the highway••.
• * 1.10

  The sum of the payment for the soldi∣ers and men of arms.
• * 1.11

  The custom of the sheep of Apulia.
• * 1.12

  The custom of Puglia very a••cient.
• * 1.13

  The custom of Puglia newly instituted by King Alfonsus.
• * 1.14

  The cus••om of silk sold to the Prince of Bisignano.
• * 1.15

  The sum of the imposi••ion upon s••••k and saffron.
• * 1.16

  The custom or Iron▪ and by whom 〈◊〉〈◊〉 w••s ••••s••ituted.
• * 1.17

  The great cu∣stom of Naples and the reve∣nue thereof.
• * 1.18

  The sum of th•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 r••ve∣nue.
• * 1.19

  T••e reven•••• of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 cu••••om of 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.20

  Of Oyl and Sope.
• * 1.21

  Of Wine con∣veyed out of the kingdom. The custom of Cards.
• * 1.22

  Of eggs, birds, and kidds. Of Manna.
• * 1.23

  Of the race of Horses.
• * 1.24

  Of forfeitures to the King
• * 1.25

  Of horses that are bought.
• * 1.26

  Of the con∣veying of corn.
• * 1.27

  The revenue of times, why it was so cal∣led.
• * 1.28

  The aids of Tuscan.
• * 1.29

  The revenue of the City of Viesti and o∣thers.

  A new impo∣sition upon Brimstone. The new im∣position on hemp.

  A new imposi∣tion on the infidels.
• * 1.30

  The due of Salnitro.
• * 1.31

  The industry and labour of Salt.
• * 1.32

  The duties of the commodi∣ties of grain and others.
• * 1.33

  The end of the lines of Barons, and the Kings Offices that are void.

  The revenue of Liveries of heirs and for∣feitures and o∣thers.
• * 1.34

  The Cathe∣dral Churches of the King∣dom.

  The Abbats of the Kingdom.
• * 1.35

  Circes the daughter of S••le, and Perse.
• * 1.36

  Totila King of the Goths ap∣parelled like a Page.
• * 1.37

  Petronio Petro∣nasso reedified the Monastery of the Hill Ca∣sino.
• * 1.38

  A girl conver∣ted to a male.
• * 1.39

  The belief of the Au••h••r.
• * 1.40

  The Hill Cibe∣le, now called Monte Virgine.
• * 1.41

  The bodies of Sidrack Me∣sheck, and A∣bedneg•• preser∣ved in Monte Virgine.
• * 1.42

  The admirable 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in Monte Virgine.
• * 1.43

  Flesh and milk carried into Monte Virgine, be∣come•• full of worms.
• * 1.44

  The fertility of the Hill Gauro.
• * 1.45

  Why it was called the Hill Miseno.
• * 1.46

  The hill Mise∣no, called in former time Aereo.
• * 1.47

  Aeneas kild his Trumpe∣ter Miseno, and sacrificed him to the Gods of Hell.

  The Tower of Faro.
• * 1.48

  Octavius Au∣gustus kept his Fleet in Ma•••• Morto, for the defence of the Tirrene Sea.
• * 1.49

  Pompey flout∣eth L. Lucul∣lus.
• * 1.50

  The answer of Lucullus.
• * 1.51

  The Authors which make mention of the Hil Miseno.
• * 1.52

  The Hil Massi∣co.
• * 1.53

  The wine F••∣lerni in great estimation with the Ro∣mans.
• * 1.54

  The Author•• which make mention of the hil Massico.
• * 1.55

  The Authors which make mention of the Wine of Fa∣lerno.
• * 1.56

  Minervio.
• * 1.57

  Maiella.
• * 1.58

  Olibano.
• * 1.59

  The Emperor C. Caligula caused the hill Olibano to be cut.
• * 1.60

  The bath of the rock, and the vertue thereof.
• * 1.61

  The bath Orto∣donico, why it was so called.
• * 1.62

  Palinuro.
• * 1.63

  The City Hielia.
• * 1.64

  Why it was called Palinu∣ro.
• * 1.65

  Pausilipo.
• * 1.66

  Virgils Sepul∣chre.
• * 1.67

  A Bay-tree that grew na∣turally over the Sepulchre of Virgil.
• * 1.68

  Sarno.
• * 1.69

  The Country of Pompeians one of the beautifullest parts of Cam∣pagna spoiled by fire of the Hill Vesuvio. See Corn Taci∣tus in 15 book of Histories.
• * 1.70

  The Wine of Trifolino.
• * 1.71

  Lib. 13.
• * 1.72

  Why it was called the Hill Vesevo.
• * 1.73

  Cornel. Cetego, the Consul dried up the Fen Pontina.
• * 1.74

  Iupiter Ansure.
• * 1.75

  The Lake A∣verno.
• * 1.76

  Plin. lib. 2. cap. 106.
• * 1.77

  Plin. lib. 3. cap. 10. The Lake Lu∣crino, why it was so called.
• * 1.78

  The History of a Dolphin.
• * 1.79

  The Sepul∣chre of Scipio Africano.
• * 1.80

  A Proverb.
• * 1.81

  See the Elegy of Giovio in the life of Scipio Afr.
• * 1.82

  Phil. lib. 14. Columella lib. 13. Vegetio. l 4.
• * 1.83

  The Saracius possess Sicilia.
• * 1.84

  Ferabach maketh Warr with the Greek••.
• * 1.85

  Guglielmo Ferabach Count of Puglia.

  The death of Guglielmo 1042 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Count of Puglia.
• * 1.86

  The Count of Puglia consu∣med by the Emperor Henry the 2 to Dragone. 1051. Vm••rid•• Count of Puglia. Anno. 57. Baielardo, Count of Puglia. Roberto Gui∣scard▪ Count of Puglia.
• * 1.87

  Ruberto Gui∣scard attribu∣teth to himself the title of Duke of Pu∣glia and Ca∣lauria.
• * 1.88

  Nocolas the 2 Bishop of Rome, came to the Parlament with Guis••a••do, an. 1059.
• * 1.89

  Robert Guiscard invested with the Dukedom of Puglia and Calauria.
• * 1.90

  The oath of loyalty and homage of Duke Robert••.
• * 1.91

  The second oath.
• * 1.92

  P••terno taken by Robert Guiscard.
• * 1.93

  Salerno taken by Guiscardo in the year 1076.
• * 1.94

  Pope Gergory the 7 con••••em∣ed to Ruberto the Dukedom of Puglia and Calauria.
• * 1.95

  The investing made by Pope Gregory.
• * 1.96

  Ruberto deli∣vereth Pope Gregory being besieged.
• * 1.97

  The death of Duke Ruberto Guiscardo an. 1085.
• * 1.98

  Ruggieri the Norman, Duke of Apulia and Calauria.
• * 1.99

  Boemund crea∣ted Prince of Antiochia.
• * 1.100

  Ruggieri died in the year 1110.

  VVilliam the Norman, Duke of Apulia and Calauria in the year 111••. Ruggieri, Count of Sici∣lia, the son of Ruggieri Bosso, possesseth the Dukedom of Puglia and Ca∣lauria.

  An. 1123. The death of Duke William.
• * 1.101

  An 11••8.
• * 1.102

  Ruggieri enti∣tuleth himself King of Italy.
• * 1.103

  Innocent the •• warreth upon Ruggieri.
• * 1.104

  Duke Ruggieri besieged in the Castle Galluc∣cio.

  Ruggieri deli∣vered from the siege.
• * 1.105

  The City of Naples given by the Bishop to Duke Rug∣gieri.
• * 1.106

  Ruggieri crea∣ted King of both the Ci••i∣lies An▪ 1130.
• * 1.107

  Sig••nius in his •• book of Hi∣stories An 1130.
• * 1.108

  The death of King Ruggieri, anno 1153.
• * 1.109

  An. 1153. William ex∣communica∣ted by Adrian the 4.
• * 1.110

  The Pope is called into the Kingdom.
• * 1.111

  William maketh peace with the Pope
• * 1.112

  Anno 1156.
• * 1.113

  Anno 1167.
• * 1.114

  Anno 1138.
• * 1.115

  Henry the 6. Emperor, by some called the 5. Constance a nun, given for wise to the Emperor, Henry the 6. The coronati∣on of the Em∣peror Henry, & Constance, an. 11••1. ••••ples besieged.

  The death of Ruggieri, the son of King Tancred.
• * 1.116

  King Tancred died in the year 1194.
• * 1.117

  The wife and children of Tancred.
• * 1.118

  The Emperor Henry entreth the Kingdom, and taketh it.
• * 1.119

  The wife and children of Tancred made prisoners.
• * 1.120

  Anno 1195.
• * 1.121

  Henry the Em∣peror 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in the year 1197.
• * 1.122

  An. 1197. The coronati∣on of Frederick the 2 Empe∣ror, an. 1198.
• * 1.123

  Why the Kings of Naples are intitled Kings of Ierusalem, Anno 1220.
• * 1.124

  A Law made by Frederick.
• * 1.125

  Frederick the Emperor crowned King of Ierusalem, An. 1229.
• * 1.126

  Discord be∣tween the Pope and the Emperor Frederick.
• * 1.127

  The death of the Emperor Frederick.
• * 1.128

  The wife and children of the Emperor Frederick.
• * 1.129

  The natural children of the Emperor Frederick.
• * 1.130

  Anno 1251.
• * 1.131

  Capoa, Naples, and Aquino t••∣ken by the Emperor Conrado.
• * 1.132

  Henry slain.
• * 1.133

  the death of Conrado. Anno 1254.
• * 1.134

  An. 1263. Anno 1295. For the bet∣ter understan∣ding of the Reader, the said Bettrice of Aragon was the daughter of Don Rai∣mondo Beren∣guer of Aragon, Earl of Pro∣vince, and of Bettrice the daughter of Thoma•• Earl of Savoy, which was married with Charls of Angio .245. the which Bet••trice as the el∣dest of all the other sisters, inherited the said Count of Province. Be∣renguer is as much as to say Berengarius in Latine, and was a name of honour among the Spaniards for the many victories which the most valiant Beren∣guer obtained.
• * 1.135

  Anno 1265.
• * 1.136

  Mary resigneth to King Charls the Kingdom of Ierusalem.
• * 1.137

  See the Regi∣ster of King Charls 1. of the year 1268 ••••d. 6. li••era A. ••ol. 55.
• * 1.138

  Anno 1285.
• * 1.139

  Anno 1309.
• * 1.140

  Anno 1343.
• * 1.141

  Anno 1••81.
• * 1.142

  Anno 1386.
• * 1.143

  Anno 1414▪
• * 1.144

  This Alfonsus was the ••. ••f that name K. of Aragon and 〈…〉〈…〉 in the history of the Tu••ks in the 5. Book w••ites that that K. ••l∣fonsus of Ara¦gon was of the House of Me∣d••na.
• * 1.145

  Anno 1423.
• * 1.146

  Anno 1434.
• * 1.147

  King Alfonsus taken prisoner
• * 1.148

  Anno 1381.
• * 1.149

  Anno 1442.
• * 1.150

  Anno 1458.
• * 1.151

  Anno 1494.
• * 1.152

  Anno 1495.
• * 1.153

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.154

  Anno 1495.
• * 1.155

  Anno 1504.
• * 1.156

  Anno 1501.
• * 1.157

  Anno 1503▪
• * 1.158

  Anno 1516.
• * 1.159

  Anno 1517.
• * 1.160

  Anno 1519.
• * 1.161

  Anno 1520.
• * 1.162

  Anno 1526: Charls 5 mar∣rieth Isabella of Portugall.
• * 1.163

  Anno 1527. The birth of Philip King of Spain. Anno 1528.
• * 1.164

  Monsig. Lotrec∣co besiegeth Naples.

  This siege was the 29 of April 1528.
• * 1.165

  The battell of the Emperours Gallies with the Genoways.
• * 1.166

  The victory of the Count Philip d'Ori••.
• * 1.167

  Andrea d'Oria▪ leaveth the service of the French King, and the cause why.
• * 1.168

  Peace made with the French King,
• * 1.169

  Anno 1530
• * 1.170

  Charls the fifth crowned Em∣perour.

  Anno 1535. The enterprise of Tunis.
• * 1.171

  Charls the fifth goeth in tri∣umph through Naples. Novem. 23. 1535.
• * 1.172

  The resignati∣on made by Charls 5. of his kingdom to Philip his son.
• * 1.173

  The resignati∣on of the Em∣pire made by the Emperour Charls 5.
• * 1.174

  Anno 1556.
• * 1.175

  The death of Charls the 5. Anno 1558.
• * 1.176

  The wife and children of Charls.
• * 1.177

  Anno 1554.
• * 1.178

  Anno 1570.
• * 1.179

  Charls of Angio was the first that was crowned with an Imperiall Crown, King of both the Sicilles.
• * 1.180

  The Kings of Naples are written sacred Royal Majesty. See the Gloss in the Pre∣ambles of the Constitution of the king∣dom in the second colum.
• * 1.181

  What the an∣nointing of the Kings shoulders and right arm sig∣nifie.
• * 1.182

  The Royall purple Rob•• signifieth Cha∣rity.
• * 1.183

  Tullius Hos••••••••∣u•• King of Rome after he had overcome the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, was the best King that use•• the purple robe.
• * 1.184

  The Golden Scepter & the sword, the one signifieth that he command∣eth the people, and the other that he pursu∣eth the ene∣mies in the name of Christ.
• * 1.185

  The Ring and the Bracelet signifie faith and purity.
• * 1.186

  The Apple sig∣nifieth the Kingdom.
• * 1.187

  The Crown declareth glory.
• * 1.188

  The King of Naples is crow¦ned with an Imperiall crown.
• * 1.189

  Anno 1099. Godfrey of Bullen con∣quereth Jeru∣salem.

  Baldwin the brother of Godfrey. Godfrey crea∣ted King of Jerusalem. The wonder∣ful vertue and magnanimity of Godfrey. The death of Godfrey.
• * 1.190

  The Arms of Jerusalem 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by Godfrey.
• * 1.191

  Baldwin de Bur∣co Earl of Edissa, 2 King of Ierusalem.
• * 1.192

  Edissa a City of Mesopotamia, from whence Tobias sent his son to Gabellus, and where Thaddeus the Apostle was converted to the Christian faith.
• * 1.193

  The victory of Baldwin.
• * 1.194

  Baldwin taken prisoner
• * 1.195

  Fulk of An••o•• King of Ieru∣salem.
• * 1.196

  The death of Baldwin the 2.
• * 1.197

  Almerick suc∣ceeded Bald∣win.
• * 1.198

  The death of Almerick.
• * 1.199

  Marquess of Monferrato the Governour of Ierusalem.
• * 1.200

  The death of Baldwin the 4.
• * 1.201

  The death of Baldwin the 5.
• * 1.202

  Jerusalem ta∣ken by the Soldan.
• * 1.203

  Conrado Longa∣••patho Marquis of Monferrato made King of Ierusalem.
• * 1.204

  Cyprus surpri∣sed by the King of Eng∣land.
• * 1.205

  The Knights of the Temple made Gover∣nors of Cyprus.
• * 1.206

  Guy of Lusig∣non first ••ing of Cyprus.
• * 1.207

  The death of King Con••••do.
• * 1.208

  The death of Henry Earl of of Ciampania.
• * 1.209

  Almerick King of Cyprus, the third husband of Isabel.
• * 1.210

  Iohn Count Brenne was made Com∣panion of the Empire of Constantinople.
• * 1.211

  The Empe∣rour Frederick taketh Ierusa∣lem.
• * 1.212

  Anno 1269.
• * 1.213

  This Hugo for his vertue and valor was cal∣led the Great.
• * 1.214

  Mary the daughter of Melisenda, and of Raimond gi∣veth her right to K. Charls.
• * 1.215

  King Charls of Angio is pro∣claimed law∣full King of Jerusalem.
• * 1.216

  Ruggieri San∣severina sent to govern ••erusa∣lem.
• * 1.217

  The Arms of the kingdom of Naples.
• * 1.218

  Athenaeo of the invention of the crown.
• * 1.219

  Aristotle of the crown.
• * 1.220

  Libero accord∣ing to Pliny, was the first which was crowned.
• * 1.221

  Three sorts of crowns accor∣ding to Theo∣phrastus.

  The crown of Crassus.
• * 1.222

  Of the distin∣ction of the crowns of herbs.
• * 1.223

  Posthumio Tu∣berto used a crown of Mirtle.
• * 1.224

  The crown Ci∣vica was of Oke.

  The crown Vallare.

  The crown Murale.

  The crown Navale.
• * 1.225

  The crown of grass among the Romans was held most glorious. Fabius Maxi∣mus.
• * 1.226

  The Royall crown not used in old time. What the Kingly orna∣ments were in old time.

  The purple robe as Martial de∣clareth, was the ornament of a Magistrate, whereupon he thus saith, Di∣visit nostras purpura vestra togas. And in another place saith, Purpura∣te foelix te colit ••••nis honos.
• * 1.227

  From whom the use of the crown descen∣ded.
• * 1.228

  The Bishop of Ostia crowneth the Pope.
• * 1.229

  Aurelianus was the first that wore a c••own of gold.
• * 1.230

  Lamp••idio a grave Author writeth, that the first of the Roman Empe∣rours, which wore apparell of Silk, was Heliogabalus.
• * 1.231

  Charls the Great the first that was crowned by the hand of the Pope.

  Three crowns belong to the Roman Emperours, the first is of silver, which is taken of the kingdom of Germany in the Ci∣ty of Aquisgrain. The second is Iron, of the kingdom of Lom∣bartly in Medina neer Millan, the which crown is of ancient workmanship without flowers, or points, made within as a plain hoop of Iron, which binds in the temple; but with∣out is beautified with gold, and pretious stones, the which sheweth that the Roman Em∣pire hath the strength of Iron by military power. The third Crown is then of gold, of the Empire of Rome, which the Pope giveth in the Church of St. Peter.
• * 1.232

  Arechi Duke of Benevento, was the first that was cal∣led Prince
• * 1.233

  The dignity of the principali∣ty of Salerno.
• * 1.234

  How the kings elde•••• son was intitled Duke of Cal••••ria.
• * 1.235

  The first Prince of Capoa.
• * 1.236

  The crown belonging to a Prince.
• * 1.237

  The crown of a Duke.
• * 1.238

  See Luca di Penna in l. 1. c. de auro corona∣rio, lib. 10. & in l. 1. c. de Authle.

  Cassaneus in ca∣talogo gloriae mundi, in 1. par. Concl. 9.
• * 1.239

  Archduke of Sessa.
• * 1.240

  The crown of an Archduke.
• * 1.241

  The crown of a Marquess.
• * 1.242

  Luca de Penna in Rub. c. de Co∣mitibus, lib. 12.
• * 1.243

  This dignity was by Charls the Great, & his son, bestowed on those which were their Deputies. Afterward under the German Empire that title was of a proper power and authority.
• * 1.244

  Marino Frezza in 2. lib. de suf∣fendi in the chap. Quis di∣catur Comes, nu. 54.