The works of the Reverend and learned John Lightfoot D. D., late Master of Katherine Hall in Cambridge such as were, and such as never before were printed : in two volumes : with the authors life and large and useful tables to each volume : also three maps : one of the temple drawn by the author himself, the others of Jervsalem and the Holy Land drawn according to the author's chorography, with a description collected out of his writings.

SECTION VIII.

The Schools and Learned after the death of Rabbi Iudah.

BESIDES the places where the Sanhedrin had sitten, which yet continued Schools when it was removed, there were divers other places that were great Schools and copiously furnished with Learned men, both in Galilee and Judea: and hence that di∣stinction that the reader of the Jerusalem Talmud will meet with, of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 a Southern man and a Galilean. Chagig. fol. 79. col. 3. that is, a Scholar of the one, or of the other. Hence there is mention of R. Jacob 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 the Southern man. Erubh. fol. 24. col. 2. and the Elders of the South, ibid. col. 3. R. Joshuah of the South, Challah fol. 57. col. 2. Of all the places in Judea, next Jabneh and Bitter, Lyd∣da was most eminent, where R. Akibah sate as President of a School, before he was of the Sanhedrin at Jabneh. Rosh hashanah per halac. 7. and this continued a School all along to these times of Rabbi Judah: In Galilee there was Mugdala, Chammath, and Caesarea, if you will reckon that in Galilee, besides others.

R. Judah left two sons behind him, Rabban Gamaliel and Rabbi Simeon: Rabban Gamaliel was promoted in his fathers life time: but after R. Judah was dead Rab. Chaninah sate chief, and that by R. Judahs appointment, and with him were R. Chaiia, R. Hoshaiah Rabba, R. Joshua ben Levi, Kaphra, Bar Kaphra, Rabh and Samuel, which two last went away to the University in Babylonia. This generation is the first of the Gemarists, explaining the Mishnah, and producing the opinions of the Ancients upon it.

After R. Chaninah, who sate ten years, R. Jochanan was President eighty years. He compiled the Jerusalem Talmud, as is generally held, in the year of Christ two hun∣dred and thirty or thereabout, which was about the middle of the reign of Alexander Mammaeae; yet there is that in the Talmud it self that would make you believe that you

meet with the name of the Emperour Dioclesian there. Beracoth fol. 6. col. 1. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 When King Docletinus [to speak it according to the let∣ters] came hither, R. Chaiia bar Abba was seen getting upon a grave to see him. She∣viith fol. 38. col. 4. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Dicletianus afflicted the men of Pa∣neas, &c. In Kilaim fol. 38. col. 3. and Chetuboth fol. 35. col. 2. They say the Land of Israel was incompassed with seven Seas, and the last of them they name is 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 The Sea of Apamia. [The Samaritan version on Numb. 34. 10, 11. renders Stepham, Apamia.] Now this, they say, is the Sea or lake Mahaz: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Dicletianus gathered the Rivers and made it. And it might very well be, that Rabbi Jochanan that compiled the Talmud might live be∣yond the times of Diocletian: but in Trumoth fol. 46. col. 3. this Dicletianus they speak of, is plainly asserted to be in the days of Rabbi Judah haccadosh in this sto∣ry: The sons of Rabbi Judah princeps, beat Diclot the swine-herd, who afterward was made a King. He comes to Paneas and sends letters to the Rabbins, See ye be with me at the going forth of the Sabbath, &c. When they come to him, he says to them, You de∣spise the Kingdom: They answer him, Diclot the Swine-herd we despise, but Diocletianus the King we despise not: which is far from meaning Dioclesian the Emperour. If this were a place to dispute about the exact time of writing this Talmud, we might also take into examination the meaning of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 spoken of in Chagigah fol. 79. col. 4. whether it mean Denarius Gordiani or no, but we shall not insist upon that here.

After the compiling of this Talmud there is little further mention of the Schools or Scholars of Judea or Galilee [the Universities in Babylonia from henceforward bearing all the renown] yet were they not utterly extinct: and out of them at last ariseth the famous R. Hillel grandchild of R. Judah, who stated the Jews Almanack into that posture in which it stands at this day: And Hierom had for his help in the Hebrew Tongue a lear∣ned man of Tiberias.