The works of the Reverend and learned John Lightfoot D. D., late Master of Katherine Hall in Cambridge such as were, and such as never before were printed : in two volumes : with the authors life and large and useful tables to each volume : also three maps : one of the temple drawn by the author himself, the others of Jervsalem and the Holy Land drawn according to the author's chorography, with a description collected out of his writings.

CHAP. XII.

VERS. I.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 &c.

A certain man planted a Vineyard.

THE Priests and Pharisees knew, saith Matthew, that these things were spoken of them, Matth. XXI. 45. Nor is it any wonder. For the Jews boasted, that they were the Lords Vineyard; and they readily observed a wrong done to that Vineyard by any: but how far were they from taking notice, how unfruitful they were, and unthankful to the Lord of the Vineyard?

The a 1.1 matter may be compared to a King that had a Vineyard; and there were three, who were enemies to it. What were they? One cut down the branches. The second cut off the bunches. And the third rooted up the Vines. That King is the King of Kings, the Blessed Lord. The Vineyard of the Lord is the House of Israel. The three enemies are Pharaoh, Ne∣buchadnezzer and Haman, &c.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉

A Vineyard.

If b 1.2 a man plants one row of five Vines, the School of Schammai saith, that it is a Vine∣yard. But the School of Hillel saith, It is not a Vineyard, until there be two rows of Vines there.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉

Set an hedge about it.

c 1.3 What is an hedge? Let it be ten hands bredths high. Less than so is not an hedge.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉

Digged a place for the Wine fat.

:〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 d 1.4 Let the fat be ten hands bredths deep, and four broad.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉

Built a Tower.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 e 1.5 Let the watch house which is in the Vineyard, be ten high, and four broad. Cubits are to be understood. For Rambam saith, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 is a High place, where the Vine-dresser stands, to overlook the Vineyard.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉

Let it out to Husbandmen.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. f 1.6 He that lets out his Vineyard to a keeper 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Either as a 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 An husbandman, or as one to keep it gratis, and he enters into Covenant with him, to dig it, prune it, dress it at his own cost; but he neglects it, and doth not so; he is guilty, as if he should with his own hand lay the Vineyard waste.

VERS. II.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

And at the season he sent to the husbandmen.

THAT is, In the fourth year after the first planting it: when it now was 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 A Vineyard of four years old. At least before that year there was no profit of the fruits. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 g 1.7 They paint, or note, a Vineyard of four years old by some turf, or clod, of earth, coloured, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 and that uncir∣cumcised with clay. And sepulchres with chalk.

The Gloss is this, On a Vineyard of four years old they paint some marks out of the turf of the Earth, that men may know, that it is a Vineyard of four years old, and eat not of it, because it is holy, as the Lord saith (Levit. XIX. 24.) and the owners ought to eat the fruit of it at Jerusalem, as the second tithe. And an uncircumcised Vineyard (that is, which was not yet four years old: See Levit. XIX. 23.) they mark with clay. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 that is, digested in fire. For the Prohibition of (a Vineyard) uncircumcised, is greater than the Prohibition concerning that of four years old: for that of four years old is fit for eating, but that uncircumcised is not admitted to any use. Therefore they marked not that by the Turf, left the mark might perhaps be defaced, and perish, and men not seeing it might eat of it, &c.

VERS. IV.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

At him they cast stones, and wounded him in the head.

• I. I See no need to wrest the word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 from its true and genuine sense. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 signifies to reduce and gather into a certain sum; as the Lexicons teach us; and why not in the same sense in this place? They cast stones at the servant, and deriding him made up the sum with him: Saying perhaps this, or some such thing to him, Do you come for fruit and rent? Behold this fruit? (casting a stone at him) behold another fruit? (casting another stone) and so many times together: and so they sent him away 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, derided, and loaded with disgrace.
• II. But be it, that the word is to be translated, as it is commonly rendred, They wound∣ed him in the head: then this way of stoning is thus distinguished from that, whereby they were slain who were stoned by the Sanhedrin. That was called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 stone∣casting: for it was the cast of a stone indeed, but of one only, and that a very great one; and that upon the heart of the condemned person, when now he lay along upon his back. But this stoning was of many stones thrown out of the hand through the air, striking him here and there and every where. The head of him that was stoned by the Sanhedrin was unhurt, and without any wound, but here, They cast stones at him and wounded him in the head.

VERS. X.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

The stone which the builders rejected.

THE Targum upon Psalm, CXVIII. thus, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 The builders re∣jected the child. Either for 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 he read 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 or rendred it according to the Ara∣bick Idiom, The son: so also R. Solomon. And vers. 27. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Bind the child to the Sacrifice of the solemnity with chains, until ye shall have sacrificed him, and poured out his blood upon the horns of the Altar: said Samuel the Prophet.

VERS. XVI.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Whose is this Image? Cesars.

• I. THIS was a Cesars Peny. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Denarius Caesareanus. For Zuz among the Jews was also a peny, as we shewed elsewhere; but we scarce believe it was of the same form and inscription. h 1.8 A certain Heathen sent to R. Judah the Prince 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 A Cesarean Peny, and that on a certain festival day of the Heathens. Resh Lachish sat before him. R. Judah said, What shall I do? If I receive it, I shall consent (to their festival) If I receive it not, Enmity will rise against me. Resh Lachish answered, Take the peny, and while he looks upon you, cast it into the well, &c.
• ...

  II. It was a silver peny, not a gold one. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Pence absolutely put are to be understood silver pence. Where the Gloss is, Pence absolutely put are silver, until it is explained, that they are gold.

  But now a gold peny was worth five and twenty silver pence. i 1.9 When Turtle Doves and young Pigeons were sold at Jerusalem sometime for a gold peny, Rabban Simeon ben Ga∣maliel said, By this Temple, I will not rest this night, unless they are sold for a silver peny. Where the Gloss, A gold peny is worth five and twenty silver pence.

• ...

  III. It was 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 a Roman peny, not 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 a Jerusalem: for this distinction they some∣times use. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 the Gloss being witness, are 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Jerusalem Zuzees. But more frequently, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Mony of Tzur, and mony of Jerusalem. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 one may well render Tyrian mony. But hear the Aruch, where he had been treating of mony 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 of Tzur, at length he brings in this passage: R. Eliezer saith, Wheresoever in the Scripture [〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Tzur] is written full, the Scripture speaks of the City Tyre: but where it is written defectively [〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 without 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Vau] it speaks of Rome. Be it Tyrian or Roman mony, this held among the Masters. l 1.10 Wheresoever any thing it said of the silver mony 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 of Jerusalem, it is the eight part of the Tyrian mony.

  Hence I should resolve that riddle, at which the Glosser himself sticks, if I may have leave to conjecture in a Jewish affair, after a doubting Jew. In the Tract now cited m 1.11, there is discourse concerning 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Jerusalem Cozbian monies. A riddle truly. Ben Cozbi indeed coined monies when he made an Insurrection against the Ro∣mans n 1.12: But whence is this called Jerusalem mony, when in the days of Ben Cozbi, Jeru∣salem lay buried in its own rubbish? If I may be the Resolver, it was so called, because it was of the same weight and value with the Jerusalem mony, and not with that of Tyre.

  The Jerusalem mony, say they, is the eighth part of the Tyrian. Here again some words of the Masters entangle me in a riddle. The Aruch saith, o 1.13 A Peny and Zuz are the same. And elsewhere p 1.14, They call Pence, in the Gemaristick Language, Zuzim; which we obser∣ved at Chap. VI. vers. 37. Zuz was Jerusalem mony; how then was it the same with a Peny, which was Tyrian mony; when it was the eighth part only? And these words spoken by Rambam q 1.15 do add a scruple over and above; 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 A Peny contains six Zuzim. If he had said eight Zuzim, it had been without scruple. But what shall we say now?

  The former knot you may thus unty: that Zuz among the Jews is called also a Peny, a Jewish peny indeed, but different from the Roman: as the Scots have their Shilling, but much different from our English. But the second knot let him try to unty, that is at leisure.

• ...

  IV. This mony was signed with the image of Cesar; but of the Jerusalem mony, thus the Jews write, whom you may believe, when you please. What r 1.16 is the Jerusalem mony? 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 David and Solomon were stamped on one side; and on the reverse 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Jerusalem the holy City. But the Glosser enquires, whether it were lawful to stamp the image of David and Solomon upon mony, which he scarcely thinks. He concludes therefore, that their names were only inscribed not their Effigies.

  Upon s 1.17 Abrahams mony were stamped on one side an old man, and an old woman; on the other, a young man and a young maid. On Josua's mony, on one side an Ox, on the other a Monoceros. On Davids mony, on one side a Staff and a Scrip; on the other a Tower. On Mardochai's mony, on one side Sackcloth and Ashes, on the other a Crown. Let the truth of this be upon the credit of the Authors.

VERS. XXVIII.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉

Which is the first Commandment of all?

IT is not seldom that this distinction occurs in the Rabbines, between 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 The Law, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 The Precept: by the latter they understand some special, or greater rite (themselves being judges) such as, Circumcision, The repeating of the Phylacteries, Keeping the Sabbath, &c. This question propounded by the Scribe seems to respect the same: namely, whether those great precepts (as they were esteemed) and other Cere∣monial precepts of that nature, such as Sacrifices, Purifications, keeping Festivals, were the greatest Precepts of the Law, or no; and if it were so, which among them was the first.

By his answer he seems to encline to the Negative, and to prefer the Moral Law. Whence Christ saith, That he was not far from the Kingdom of Heaven: And while he suits an answer to him from that very passage, which was the first in the reciting of the Phylacteries 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Hear, O Israel, he directs the eyes, and the minds of those that repeated them to the sense and the marrow of the thing repeated, and that they rest not in the bare work of repeating them.

VERS. XLI.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉

The people cast mony.

:〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 t 1.18 They were casting in small mony there. u 1.19 According to his pleasure any one might cast into the Chests how little soever he would: namely, in the Chest which was for gold, as little gold as a grain of barley would weigh: and in the Chest for Frank∣incense, as much Frankincense as weighed a grain of barley. But if he should say, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Behold I vow Wood, he shall not offer less than two pieces, of a cubit long, and bredth propor∣tionable. Behold I vow Frankincense; he shall not offer less than a pugil of Frankincense. That is, not less mony, than that which will buy so much.

VERS. XLII.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Two mites, which make a farthing.

:〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 x 1.20 Two Prutahs are a farthing. y 1.21 A Prutah is the eighth part of an Italian Assarius. An Assarius is the twenty fourth part of a silver peny. We rendred be∣fore, The people cast mony, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, brass, by 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 They were casting in small mony: one would think it should rather be rendred, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 They were casting in brass. But consider well this passage 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 z 1.22 He that changeth the Selaa of the second Tenth, the School of Shammai saith, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 let him change the whole Selaa into 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (you would perhaps render it, Into monies, or into Meahs, but it is properly to be rendred, Into brass, as appears by what follows) The School of Hillel saith, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Into a Shekel of silver, and a Shekel of brass. So also the Glossers, and the Aruch * 1.23 moreover: He that changeth a Selaa, and receives for it 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 brass mony, that is Prutahs.

None might by the Canon even now mentioned, enter into the Temple, no nor indeed into the Court of the Gentiles, with his purse, therefore much less into the Court of the women; and yet scarce any entred, who carried no mony with him, to be offered to the Corban, whether in his hand, or in his bosom, or elsewhere, we do not define: so did this very poor woman, who for two mites purchased her self an eternal fame, our Sa∣viour himself setting a value upon the thing above all the gifts of them that offered.

Notes

• a 1.1

  Tanchum, fol. 54. 3.
• b 1.2

  Kilaim, cap. 4. hal. 5.
• c 1.3

  Ibid. hal. 3.
• d 1.4

  Ibid.
• e 1.5

  Ibid. cap. ••. hal. 3.
• f 1.6

  Maimon. in 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 c. 2.
• g 1.7

  Maasar Sheni, cap. 5. hal. 1.
• h 1.8

  Bab. Avod. Zar. fol. 6. 2.
• i 1.9

  Cheriubuth, cap. 1. hal. 7.
• l 1.10

  Bava Kama, fol. 36. 2. in Gloss.
• m 1.11

  Bava Kama, fol. 97. 2.
• n 1.12

  Hieros. Maasar Sheni, fol. 52. 4.
• o 1.13

  In 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
• p 1.14

  Gloss. in Ba∣va Bathra, fol. 166. 1.
• q 1.15

  In Peah, cap. 8. hal. 7.
• r 1.16

  Bava Kama, fol 97 2.
• s 1.17

  ••••r••shith Rab. fol. 24. 2.
• t 1.18

  Gloss. in Shekal. fol. 8. 4
• u 1.19

  Ibid.
• x 1.20

  Hieros. Kid∣dush. fol. 58. 4.
• y 1.21

  Bava Mezia, fol. 44. 2.
• z 1.22

  Maasar Sheni, cap. 2. hal. 8, 9. And Adajoth, cap. 1. 9, 10.
• * 1.23

  In the word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉