The works of the Reverend and learned John Lightfoot D. D., late Master of Katherine Hall in Cambridge such as were, and such as never before were printed : in two volumes : with the authors life and large and useful tables to each volume : also three maps : one of the temple drawn by the author himself, the others of Jervsalem and the Holy Land drawn according to the author's chorography, with a description collected out of his writings.

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Title
The works of the Reverend and learned John Lightfoot D. D., late Master of Katherine Hall in Cambridge such as were, and such as never before were printed : in two volumes : with the authors life and large and useful tables to each volume : also three maps : one of the temple drawn by the author himself, the others of Jervsalem and the Holy Land drawn according to the author's chorography, with a description collected out of his writings.
Author
Lightfoot, John, 1602-1675.
Publication
London :: Printed by W. R. for Robert Scot, Thomas Basset, Richard Chiswell,
1684.
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Subject terms
Lightfoot, John, 1602-1675.
Church of England.
Theology -- Early works to 1800.
Theology -- History -- 17th century.
Link to this Item
http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A48431.0001.001
Cite this Item
"The works of the Reverend and learned John Lightfoot D. D., late Master of Katherine Hall in Cambridge such as were, and such as never before were printed : in two volumes : with the authors life and large and useful tables to each volume : also three maps : one of the temple drawn by the author himself, the others of Jervsalem and the Holy Land drawn according to the author's chorography, with a description collected out of his writings." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A48431.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 15, 2024.

Pages

VERS. XXVI.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, &c.
Iesus took bread, &c.

BREAD at Supper, the Cup after Supper. After Supper he took the cup, saith Luke, Chap. XXII. 20. and Paul, 1 Cor. XI. 25. but not so of the Bread.

That we may more clearly perceive the history of this Supper in the Evangelists, it may not be amiss to transcribe the Rubric of the Paschal Supper, with what brevity we can, out of the Talmudists; that we may compare the things here related, with the custom of the nation.

I. The Paschal Supper began with a Cup of Wine.q 1.1 They mingle the first cup for him. The School of Shammai saith, He gives thanks first for the day, and then for the wine: But the School of Hillel saith, He first gives thanks for the wine, and then for the day. The Shammeans confirm their opinion, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Because the day is the cause of their having wine: that is, as the Gloss explains it, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 that they have it before meat. r 1.2 They first mingle a cup for every one, and (the Master of the Family) bles∣seth it, Blessed be he that created the fruit of the vine: and then he repeats the consecration of the day. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (that is, he gives thanks in the plural number for all the company, saying, Let us give thanks) and drinks up the cup. And afterward he blesseth concerning the washing of hands, and washeth. Compare this cup with that, Luke XXII. 17.

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II. Then the bitter herbs are set on. They bring in a table ready covered, upon which there is 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Soure sauce and other herbs. s 1.3 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 t 1.4 Let the Glossers give the interpretation. u 1.5 They do not set the table, till after the consecration of the day: and upon the table they set lettuce. After he hath blessed over the Wine, they set herbs, and he eats lettuce dipped; but not in 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 the soure sauce, for that is not yet brought: and this is not meant simply of lettuce, unless when there be other herbs. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 His meaning is this, Before he comes to those bitter herbs, which he eats after the unleavened bread, when he also gives thanks for the eat∣ing of the bitter herbs, as it is written, Ye shall eat (it) with unleavened bread and bitter herbs: First unleavened bread, and then bitter herbs. And this first dipping is used only for that reason, that children may observe and enquire; for it is unusual for men to eat herbs before meat.

III. Afterwards there is set on unleavened bread, and the sauce called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 and the lamb, and the flesh also of the Chagiga of the fourteenth day. Maimonides doth not take notice of any interposition between the setting on the bitter herbs, and the setting on the un∣leavened bread: but the Talmudic Mishnah notes it in these words. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 They set unleavened bread before him. Where the Gloss, This is said because they had moved the table from before him, who performed the duty of the Passover: now that removal of the table was for this end, that the Son might ask the Father; and the Father answered him, Let them bring the table again that we may make the second dipping; then the Son would ask, Why do we dip twice? Therefore they bring back the table, with unleavened bread upon it, and bitter herbs, &c.

IV. He begins, and blesseth, Blessed be he that created the fruits of the Earth: and he takes the herbs, and dips them in the sauce Charoseth, and eats as much as an Olive, he, and all that lye down with him; but less than the quantity of an Olive he must not eat: then they remove the table from before the Master of the family. x 1.6 Whether this removal of the table be the same with the former, is not much worth our enquiry.

V. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Now they mingle the second cup for him: and the Son asks the Fa∣ther; or if the Son doth not ask him, he tells him himself, How much this night differs from all other nights. On other nights, saith he, we dip but once; but this night twice. On other nights we eat either leavened or unleavened bread; on this, only unleavened, &c. on other nights we eat either sitting or lying, on this all lying, &c.

VI. The Table is set before them again, and then he saith, This is the Passover, which we therefore eat, because God passed over the houses of our Fathers in Egypt. Then he lifts up the bitter herbs, in his hand, and saith, we therefore eat these bitter herbs, because the Egyp∣tians made the lives of our Fathers bitter in Egypt. He takes up the unleavened bread in his hand, and saith, We eat this unleavened bread, because our Fathers had not time to sprinkle their meal to be leavened, before God revealed himself, and redeemed them. We ought therefore to praise, celebrate, honour, magnifie, &c. him, who wrought all these wonderful things for our Fathers, and for us, and brought us out of bondage into liberty, out of sorrow into joy, out of darkness into great light, let us therefore say Hallelujah. Praise the Lord. Praise him, O ye servants of the Lord, &c. to, And the flint stone in∣to fountains of waters (that is, from the beginning of the CXIII, to the end of the CXIV Psalm.) And he concludes, Blessed be thou O Lord God our King Eternal, redeem∣ing us, and redeeming our Fathers out of Egypt, and bringing us to this night; that we may eat unleavened bread and bitter herbs: and then he drinks off the second cup.

VII. Then washing his hands, and taking two loaves, he breaks one, and lays the broken up∣on the whole one, and blesseth it, Blessed be he who causeth bread to grow out of the earth: and putting some bread and bitter herbs together, he dips them in the sauce, Charoseth, and blessing, Blessed be thou, O Lord God, our Eternal King, he who hath sanctified us by his precepts, and hath commanded us to eat; he eats the unleavened bread and bitter herbs together; but if he eats the unleavened bread and bitter herbs by themselves, he gives thanks severally for each. And afterwards giving thanks after the same manner over the flesh of the Chagiga of the fourteenth day, he eats also of it; and in like manner giving thanks over the Lamb, he eats of it.

VIII. From thence forward he lengthens out the Supper, eating this or that, as he hath a mind; and last of all he eats of the flesh of the Passover, at least as much as an olive; but after this he tasts not at all of any food. Thus far Maimonides in the place quoted, as also the Talmudists in several places in the last Chapter of the Tract Pasachin.

And now was the time when Christ taking bread, instituted the Eucharist; but whe∣ther was it after the eating of those farewell morsels, as I may call them, of the Lamb, or instead of them? It seems to be in their stead, because it is said by our Evangelist and Mark, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, &c. As they were eating, Jesus took Bread. Now without doubt they speak according to the known and common custom of that Supper, that they might be understood by their own people. But all Jews know well enough that after the eating of those morsels of the Lamb it cannot be said, As they were eating; for the eating was

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ended with those morsels. It seems therefore more likely, that Christ when they were now ready to take those morsels, changed the custom, and gave about morsels of bread in their stead, and instituted the Sacrament. Some are of opinion that it was the custom to tast the unleavened bread last of all, and to close up the Supper with it; of which opi∣nion I confess I also sometimes was. And it is so much the more easie to fall into this opi∣nion, because there is such a thing mentioned in some of the Rubricks about the Passover, and with good reason, because they took up this custom after the destruction of the Temple.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
Blessed, and brake it.

First he blessed, then he brake it. Thus it always used to be done, except in the Pas∣chal bread. One of the two loaves was first divided into two parts, or perhaps into more, before it was blessed. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 One of them is divided. They are the words of Maimonides, who also adds, But why doth he not bless both the loaves, after the same man∣ner, as in other feasts? Because this is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 The bread of poverty. Now poor people deal in morsels, and here likewise are morsels.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 a 1.7 Let not him that is to break the bread, break it, before Amen be pronounced from the mouths of the Answerers.

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
This is my Body.

These words being applied to the Passover now newly eaten, will be more clear. This now is my body, in that sense, in which the Paschal Lamb hath been my body hither∣to. And in the twenty eighth verse, This is my blood of the New Testament, in the same sense, as the blood of Bulls and Goats hath been my Blood under the Old, Exod. XXIV. Heb. IX.

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