Luke 9. 27. There be some standing here which shall not taste of death till they see the Kingdom of God: which Matthew utters, till they see the Son of man come in his King∣dom, Mark 16. 28.
Matth. 21. 31. Publicans and Harlots go into the Kingdom of God before you: and the next verse gives this reason, because they believed not John, from whom the Kingdom of God, began to be preached, and by whom the Messiah was pointed out.
Matth. 21. 43. The Kingdom of God shall be taken from you. And the reason is given in the verse before, because they refused the corner stone when he was among them: to which the gloss is agreeable that R. Solomon maketh on Jer. 13. 17. My soul shall weep in se∣cret for your pride, that is, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 because of the glory of the Kingdom of Hea∣ven which shall be given to Idols, or to the Idolatrous Heathen.
And of the days and revealing of the Messias, which the Nation so much looked after, are those passages to be understood, Luke 23. 52. Joseph of Arimathea waited for the Kingdom of God: and Luke 19. 11. They thought that the Kingdom of God should shortly appear. Sutable to which the Chaldee Paraphrast interprets those words, Say to the Cities of Judah, Behold your God, Esay 40. 9. Say to the Cities of Judah, The Kingdom of your God is revealed, and Esay 53. 11. They shall see the Kingdom of their Messias.
Now although our Saviour and the Evangelists, and Apostles did use the Phrase. The Kingdom of God or of Heaven, for the days and affairs under the Messias as well as the Jews, yet in the exposition of the things of those days, they do as far differ as may be: For,
1. The Jews looked upon the appearance and days of the Messias, as things of incom∣parable earthly pomp, royalty and gorgeousness, therefore they called it the Kingdom, because they expected the restoring of the earthly glory of Davids throne. Act. 1. 6. Luke 24. 21. Mark 20. 20. and The Kingdom of Heavon, because they imagined they should be acquitted from under the power of an earthly Kingdom: For their wise men held that there should be no difference betwixt this world, and the days of Messias, but only the oppression of the Kingdoms. Talm. in Sanhed. per. 10. Maym. in Teshubah per. 9.
But Christ professeth, that his coming is not with observation: Luke 17. 20. that his Kingdom is not of this world, Joh. 18. 36. That the Kingdom of Heaven is of the poor, Luke 6. 20. and to be received as by little children, Mark 10. 15. &c.
2. They fancied a change in matters of Religion in the time of the Messiah, but all for the greater, and higher pomp of Ceremonies, and formal worship; that, the solemn Fe∣stivals, Sacrifices, Sprinklings, observations of carnal rites should be in a higher force and esteem, than ever yet, that their study and practise of the Law, according to such a carnal manner, should be incomparable both for zeal and diligence: And that there should be a punctual exactness in all formalities about meats and drinks, converse and worship.
But the Gospel tells that, no coming into the Kingdom of Heaven, unless their righte∣ousness exceed this Pharisaical righteousness, Matth. 5. 20. That the worship of God was to be in the spirit, Joh. 4. 23, 24. And that the Kingdom of God is not meat and drink, but righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost, Rom. 14. 17.
3. They conceited that the happiness of the days of the Messias shall be appropriated only to them of that Nation, and that the Heathens should have no share nor interest in that felicity.
But the Gospel tells, that there should come from East and West and North and South, and sit down in the Kingdom of God, Luke 13. 29. And that that Kingdom should be taken from them who took themselves only to be the children of the Kingdom, and should be given to another Nation, Mark 21. 43. & 8. 11, 12.
The meaning therefore of this expression, The Kingdom of God or Heaven, which is so exceeding frequent in the New Testament, in the Gospel acceptation, is to this extent.
1. It signifieth the revealing or appearing of Christ, as is apparent by the places cited before, not so much his first appearing in humane flesh or when he was born, as his revea∣ling, coming and appearing in the demonstration of his power and of his being the Son of God: And in reference to this matter, the Kingdom of Heaven, or of God, is dated by these two dates: sometimes from his resurrection and sometimes from the destruction of Jerusalem; from his resurrection, whereby he was declared mightily to be the Son of God, Rom. 1. 4. as Luke 22. 18. I will not drink of the fruit of the vine till the Kingdom of God be come, meaning not till after his resurrection; for then he eat and drank with them, Act. 1. 4. Luke 24. 43, 44. And from the destruction of Jerusalem, Luke 21. 31, 32. Matth. 16. 28. because then he triumphed over those that had despised his rule, and he transfer∣red his Kingdom to another people, Matth. 21. 40, 41, 43.
2. It signifieth the changed administration of the way and things of Salvation; from the Ceremonial and carnal rites which were appointed before, to a worship of God in spirit and truth. Not but that that spiritual service was inwrapped under those formali∣ties,