Il cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa, or, The history of the cardinals of the Roman Church from the time of their first creation, to the election of the present Pope, Clement the Ninth, with a full account of his conclave, in three parts / written in Italian by the author of the Nipotismo di Roma ; and faithfully Englished by G.H.

Il CARDINALISMO di Santa Chiesa, OR THE HISTORY OF CARDINALS. In III. Parts.

PART II.

BOOK III.

The Contents.

VVherein is discours'd of the birth and advancement of Cardinal Flavio Chigi, Nepew to Pope Alexander. Of the intention of Don Mario his Father to Marry him. Of the arrival of the said Don Mario at Rome. The decla∣ration of a Cardinal Padrone, in the person of Chigi. Of his abilities in the beginning of his Padronship. Of the little covetousness he shew'd to laying up money. Of his Legation into France. Of Cardinal Bonvisi, and of his de∣sign to remove himself to Rome, to try his fortunes. Of his resolutions to keep from the Court. Of the renuntiation of the Prefectship. Of his being declar'd Maestro di Camera, and of his promotion to the Cardinalship. Of his good qualities, and the ill actions of Francisco Bonvisi his Nephew. Of the evident tokens of virtue Cardinal Elci shew'd from his youth. Of the satisfaction that he gave to the Senate, when he was Nuntio at Venice. Of his passage from Venice into Germany. Of the great esteem Innocent the tenth had of the person of Cardinal Farnese. Of what he had done in favour

of the house of Chigi. Of the prejudice he might have had against it, in case of a vacancy. Of his disgust with Cardinal Barbarino. Of the animo∣sity betwixt him and Cardinal Imperiale. Of his great obstinacy in defend∣ing his opinions. Of the promotion of Anthonio Bichi of Siena to the Car∣dinalship. Of the great pains the Chigi took to exclude Prior Bichi from the Colledge, and the reasons of that exclusion. Of the fair entertainment this Cardinal gives to those that have business with him. Of the means by which Cardinal Giacomo Franzone arriv'd at the Purple. Of his offices before he was made a Cardinal. Of his Love to Justice, and of his Charity to the Poor. Of his Kindred in Genoa. Of Cardinal Bonelli. And of the au∣thority Cardinal Imperiale has over him. Of the promotion of Celio Pic∣colomini to the Cardinalship. Of his leaving of Paris. Of what befell him by the way. Of his conference with the Spanish Ambassador. Of a Letter written by Monsignor Tellier. Of the trouble it was to his most Christian Majesty, to be oblig'd to use the Nuntio so severely, and yet it was but just. Of the opinion of the Court, that he would be made a Cardinal as soon as he arriv'd at Rome. Of the deserts and qualities of Cardinal Caraffa. Of the great dexterity wherewith he negotiated the return of the Jesuits to Ve∣nice, when he was Nuntio. Of his Legation of Bolonia. Of Cardinal An∣gelo Celsi a Roman. Of certain faults that he fell into in his Youth. Of his abilities in politick affairs, and how great they are. Of the Family of the Savelli, and how much it is esteem'd. Of Cardinal Paulo Savelli. Of his great knowledge in affairs of State. Of Cardinal Litta, Arch-Bishop of Mi∣lan. Of the excellence of his life. Of the Pique he had to the Spaniards, and of the common opinion about it. Of Cardinal Nerio Corsini a Floren∣tine. Of his qualities. Of his Legation to Ferrara. Of the great pains wherewith Cardinal Paluzzi has serv'd the Church. Of his goodness and de∣crepitage. Of the qualities of Cardinal Rasponi. Of the conclusion of his Nun∣tiature in France. Of his clear and unbyass'd judgement of the Abbot Ras∣poni his Nephew. Of Cardinal Conti, and of the worthy persons that Fa∣mily has afforded several times. Of his qualities that are an ornament to the Ecclesiastical Habit. Of Cardinal Pietro Vidoni of Cremona. Of Cardinal Barbarigo a Venetian. Of Cardinal Pascale d'Aragona a Spaniard. Of Cardinal Mancini a Roman. Of Cardinal Buon Compagni a Bolonese. Of Cardinal Nini of Siena. Of Cardinal Roberti a Roman. Of Cardinal Spi∣nola of Genoa. Of Cardinal Visconti of Milan. Of Cardinal Caraccioli a Neapolitan. Of Cardinal Delfini a Venetian. Of Cardinal Baldo de Tun a German. Of Cardinal Vendosme a Frenchman. Of Cardinal Moncada a Sicilian. Of the last Cardinals made by Clement the ninth, and of some other particulars.

I Ought not to omit in this place to enter upon an Anotomy of the customs, qualities, effects, and inclinations of the Cardinals created by Alexander the seventh, for several respects, but more particularly, be∣cause the greatest part of them are but little known in the Court▪ as ha∣ving worn the Cardinalitial habit no long time in Rome, as well as be∣cause they profess there to make their inclinations investigable; how∣ever, having hitherto taken great pains to procure Memoires from all parts, that the work I exhibit might not be altogether imperfect, I shall with that tast taken from the

Memoires that were sent me by several persons actually in the service of Cardinals, pro∣ceed in the relation following in this book; but so, that in the multiplicity of occurren∣ces touching the Cardinals created by Alexander the seventh, I shall endeavour to be short, and that the impression may be the greater in the memory of the Reader, I shall restrain my self only to the most substantial and material things. I shall begin therefore according to the order of precedence with those that were first promoted to the Car∣dinalship.

FLAVIO CHIGI Nephew to Alexander the seventh, born in the year 1631. in the City of Siena, was the eldest Son of Don Mario, Brother to Alexander, and Don∣na Berenice a Lady of Siena of the Family of Ciaia, who alwayes had a particular affecti∣on for Flavio her son. Don Mario took what care he could to have him brought up to learning, but his inclinations leading him another way, he made small progress in that; but contrary to the documents of his Father, he apply'd himself to divert amongst other young men, rather than to converse amongst books: and that the more, because he found himself to be the only male of the Family of the Chigi, and therefore was sure he should be married to keep up the house.

Don Mario though he was inclin'd for several respects to marry him▪ he endeavour'd nevertheless to ease himself of that charge, by recommending him to his Brother Car∣dinal Chigi, who was afterwards Alexander the seventh, to the end, that being near him he might be instructed in such politick Maximes, as pass'd dayly thorough his hands, as he was Secretary; an office the said Cardinal Chigi, had injoy'd for some time in Rome.

But he whose designs were wholly bent upon the Vatican, most hypocritically pre∣tended, not only to shew himself impartial and disinterested to his own Family, but their enemy rather, refusing to admit any of them about him▪ especially his Nephew Flavio, who he knew wanted such parts as were worthy to be seen in the Court of Rome. Don Mario perceiving which way things went, resolv'd by all means possible to provide some advantagious match for his Son, and had several of the most considerable Ladies of Siena in his eye; though he was sure enough in respect of the smalness of his Estate, he was not likely to carry them. In short, Flavio lived there, making of love, Courting of this Lady and of that, and minding nothing but his amours, without the least thought of ever being a Cardinal; and indeed, had any one told him he should one day be one of the principal Cardinals in the Colledge, and provided with so many Benefices and prefer∣ments, he would have thought without doubt he had but droll'd: so small an opinion his Associates had of his person.

But fortune that goes far in Rome, and is as it were Arbitrator of all the Families in Siena, chang'd the face of affairs in such manner, that by the help of some small merit that was found in the person of Cardinal Chigi, he was assum'd to the Papacy, under the name of Alexander the seventh. This news was so welcome to Don Mario, he almost ran mad at the hearing it, and would have been marching immediately to Rome; but the Pope (keeping close to his Hypocrisie, as he had promis'd long before he was exalted) declar'd, he would by no means admit any of his Relations into Rome. And this whim∣sey continued for some months to the great displeasure of Don Mario, who went fret∣ting, and distracted up and down, to see his younger Brother the greatest Monarch in the world, abounding in all manner of wealth, and himself to live poorly in Siena with∣out any command or authority. Wherefore, besides his own, he desir'd the prayers of the Religious Mendicants, that God Almighty would change that obstinate humour in his Brother; and accordingly by the Prayers of the one or the other, it was chang'd, and all of them call'd to the Vatican.

No sooner did Don Mario appear triumphantly in Rome, with the preheminence that was due to a person so nearly related to the Pope, but he began by the impu••••ion of his own ambitious Spirit, to endeavour the advancement of his Son; he pretended that himself as the most antient, and his Son as the eldest of all the youth of the Family of the Chigi, ought to take upon them the perpetuation of their name; intending thereby to do his ••tmost that his Son might marry some Princess or other, according to his own re∣quest, who was much more inclin'd to a Wife than a Cap; but the Pope would not hear

of that ear, but commanded Flavio to be contented with a Cap, having resolv'd to find out a Wife for Don Agostino, a Nephew of the Popes likewise, but by another brother, whose memory had more influence with his Holiness, because he had receiv'd greater kindness from him than from Don Mario, and would therefore renew his memory in the person of Don Agostino, whom he declar'd head of the Chigi, to the no small displeasure of Flavio, that was made a Cardinal at the first Promotion, and retain'd in his heart some sparks of envy towards his Cousin; but his Holiness to extinguish them, comported himself so, that by showing them favour alternately, he took away all occasion of Jea∣lousie and emulation.

Flavio being declar'd Cardinal, and which is more Cardinal Padrone, with power to give audience to Ambassadors, and with authority to negotiate the greatest affairs of the Church, in case of any indisposition in the Pope; he began by little and little to take upon him exceedingly, and apply himself wholly to the execution of it, But the Pope his Unckle, who understood his debility too well to commit such a charge intirely to him, he left him no liberty at all, but in appearance, dispatching all things himself, and using all possible care to instruct him in such things as were requisite in that place. It seem'd to the Cardinal, that with the authority and superintendency that was given him, he had receiv'd trouble enough to break his brain, a thing he abhorr'd in his very nature; insomuch, that as often as his business increas'd, so often would he be disgusted, and re∣pine at his Cousin Agostino, that injoy'd all the felicities and applauses of the Court, without the least disturbance at all: and therefore without any respect to the admoni∣tions of his Father, who exhorted him to acquaint himself by all possible diligence in the mysteries of the Court, he exercis'd the office of Padrone only, in taking recreations, and turning his back upon all business that would give him any trouble, to the no small dissa∣tisfaction of his Unckle, who was forc'd thereby to swallow more of it himself.

In short, he began to be so well known to all the publique Ministers that were resident in the Court, for his weakness and indexterity in politick affairs, that in matters of im∣portance, they thought it better to make their addresses immediately to his Holiness, than to make use of the interposition of the Cardinal Padrone, who for the most part was entertaining himself with his ordinary pastimes, to which he was inclin'd more natu∣rally, than to the troubles of the Court; and indeed all those that had a mind to try their fortunes, and to negotiate with him, lost their labour and their time, he forgetting eve∣ry circumstance of what he was inform'd, so strange an addiction he had to his sports, and so strange an aversion to any thing of business.

Towards the latter end of the Pontificate of his Unckle (by reason he was tyr'd with the multitudes of business he had undertaken at the beginning of his Papacy, and began to allow his Nephew more reins) he shew'd himself diligent enough in his office of Pa∣dronancy, but yet without renouncing his ordinary recreations. He is indifferently well vers'd in the History of Italy▪ and discourses of it upon occasion, with some sort of judge∣ment. They that have business, go away contented still, but not satisfi'd, for being ve∣ry civil, and courtly, he sends them off well furnish'd with complements and good words, though in strictness, they signifie nothing: yet some few months before the death of his Unckle, when he had absolute authority to dispose of things as he pleas'd, he precipitated as it were, the businesses that were before him, using at that time more deeds than words, and yet nevertheless the greatest satisfaction any of them had, was fair promises, and ci∣vil usage, he shewing himself indifferent to all, though otherwise he was of a nature that would truckle to the first difficulty that appear'd.

In the time of the Padronancy of this Cardinal, he shew'd no great covetousness, but chose rather to spend, than to lay up, and that, as was suppos'd for two reasons; the first, for that he had no other Nephew for his Brother, his branch determining in himself, and envying also on the other side Don Agostino his Cousin, he contented himself to be careless of getting, lest thereby he should render his Cousins branch more considerable. The other reason was, because he saw his Father Don Mario so anxious and greedy, whose Estate he knew would fall to him, as the only Male of his time, as indeed after∣wards it did. But the last year he chang'd his opinion, and gave himself with that fury to the filling his Coffers, as if he car'd not for the ill name he would leave amongst the people.

In his Legation into France, he gave more instances of generosity, then of any thing else, endeavouring to give every body satisfaction; and truly all the French that had any thing to do with him, were well pleas'd with the humanity of his entertainment; though in strictness he kept not his word with his Majesty in the business of Castro, and of the next Conclave. At the beginning of his Unckles Pontificate, not knowing which way was most fit for him to follow, whether the interest of France, or of Spain, he carried himself with a certain indifference to both. But the Spaniards found a way, though not wholly, yet in great part, to gain him, so that in many things he favour'd the Spanish interest, to the utmost of his power, yet so as not to disoblige the French, whom if he did not love, he did not hate at all. But after the attempt upon the Duke of Crequy, he became for the Spaniard clearly at his heart, though he durst not do any thing to provoke the King of France, whose anger he dreads exceedingly. After the death of his Unckle, it was impossible but he must receive some affront both from the people, and the Col∣ledge; yet he knew how to swallow all with prudence, endeavouring with large pre∣sents, to gain the favour of the Nephews regnant.

GIROLAMO BONVISI, a Noble man of Lucca, repair'd to Rome with design to try his fortune, as others of his Countrymen were wont; to that end he apply'd himself to the courting of the Barbarini then regnant, with all patience and assiduity, for he knew very well how to gain their affection. Cardinal Antonio knowing him to be inclin'd to secrecy; began to have confidence in him, and to entrust him in matters of no ordinary importance, and particularly in the time of the Wars with the Princes of Italy, he made use of him as of a well-affected Minister; which being ill understood by some Courtiers, they made sport with it in their discourse.

He bought the Chiericatura di Camera, in which he gain'd some reputation, especially in the Assemblies da Cameranti, being very well practis'd in matters concerning the pro∣fession of Law. Afterwards being grown into particular favour, he discharg'd himself in several Offices that he executed with good reputation. But being troubled at the in∣constancy of the Court, to see persons preferr'd to eminent degrees, that were less de∣serving than himself, he took a resolution to leave them, and return into his own Coun∣try, as he did afterwards, and remain'd for a long time out of Rome, to the great admira∣tion of many, because he had at first express'd such constancy to the Court.

The principal cause of his absence was, because he could not endure that insatiable liberty, that Donna Olimpia us'd in getting of money, with so much diminution of the Treasure of the Church; and particularly, when he saw the bartering for the Taxes upon Provisions, he generously refus'd the Prefecture, that he might not be instrumental in so infamous a business; which Innocent, and Donna Olimpia especially, taking in dudgeon, they began to contrive some way of doing him a displeasure: which he ha∣ving notice of, retired, and thereby escap'd that Rock he might otherwise have fallen upon.

This renuntiation of the Prefecture, gave Bonvisi a great reputation in the Court, and made him be look'd upon as a person of great conscience and integrity. But amongst all, Cardinal Chigi took a particular kindness for him, and as soon as he was made Pope, by the name of Alexander the seventh, without any supplication or intercession at all, he call'd him into his service; he being satisfy'd thereby, that Alexander look'd no fur∣ther than the merits, and qualities of the persons, he began to rejoyce, and revive those hopes he thought had been utterly extinct.

Being arriv'd at Rome, it was not long before he was declar'd Maestro di Camera to his Holiness; in which he gave so good satisfaction to the Pope, that in the first promo∣tion he (with five others so qualify'd) were created Cardinals, to the great joy of the whole Court.

The qualities of this Cardinal are commended every where, he having all the virtues and good parts that are requisite, to make a man esteem'd; he loving, and respecting every one again, endeavouring by the sweetness of his converse to gain the affections of the Court, but of the Princes especially; using all dexterity, and avoiding with all possi∣ble caution to shew himself devoted to either of the Crowns. So that amongst all the Cardinals that desir'd to live in a Neutrality, this may be most properly said to have

manag'd it the best. He negotiates with every body, with great candour, gives audience ••o such as have business with him, with incredible benignity; and which is more, he endeavours by all means to send them satisfy'd away, at least with good words, in which he do's not a little abound; but not with that flattering and complemental stile that is us'd in Rome, for to that he is a very great enemy, though there be many other Cardi∣nals and Prelates of that Court, which follow nothing else.

But all the lustre of his good qualities, is in some measure adumbrated by certain de∣fects that are observ'd in him. He being indispos'd, and naturally disinclin'd to business, loves his ease, and sometimes to the prejudice of affairs, which he pursues not with that vigour and assiduity that is necessary. So that many believe he will scarce arrive at the Papacy, and that the rather because he has a Nephew that he loves exceedingly, call'd Francisco Bonvisi, Maestro di Camera to Chigi, a cruel and barbarous person, full of a thousand vices, who in case of his Unckles exaltation, would be the Protoquamquam in Rome. But for all this Bonvisi may have a pull for it in his turn.

SCIPIONE DE CONTI d'ELCI, of Siena, from the beginning of his youth, gave great tokens of his capacity to try his fortune in the habit of a Prelate; by his own in∣clination therefore, and to satisfie his Parents that put him forward, as thinking so great ingenuity would be injur'd in not doing it, he went to Rome, where by degrees he wrought himself into the most conspicuous and most intricate affairs there.

He was sent Nuntio to Venice, and carry'd himself so much to the satisfaction of the Senate, that he was ador'd amongst them as an Oracle. Yet his negotiation for the Churches, for provision for the Bishops, succeeded not so well, some of them remain∣ing without Pastors all the time of his Nuntiature, by reason of the differences betwixt the Pope, and the Senate; but this was no small trouble to the Nuntio, especially being by frequent Letters solicited by his Holiness, as if he could have turn'd and wound the Venetians about, as he had pleas'd: but they are too carefull and vigilant, to suffer Rome to set his foot upon any Priviledge of theirs.

About the end of his Pontificate, Pope Innocent sent him Nuntio from thence into Germany, whose departure displeas'd the Senate in some measure, as being doubtfull to have some giddy Capriccious Nuntio sent in his place, that would be fitter to foment, than extinguish their differences; whereas Monsignor Elci, had for many years manag'd the business with that prudence, that if the quarrels were not absolutely compos'd, they were at least kept from increasing, by a peculiar and Noble way he had of transacting.

He remain'd about two years in Germany, in which time Alexander the seventh his Kinsman, being made Pope, he thought he could not discharge his Conscience, as he de∣clar'd to several, without promoting a person of his worth to the Cardinalship; yet he would not promote him for his Title of Nuntio, but as he was a gratefull man, and wor∣thy of that honour; and besides, he was desirous his Kindred should have their share in that Promotion. This is most certain, this Cardinals qualities do render him worthy not of the Purple only, but of the Popedom; in the obtaining of which, (if the Election happen'd in his time) he could meet no impediment but his being of Siena: for to speak truth, the Court has been glutted with Popes from Siena. He is charitable, kind, and a great lover of his Friend: He intends his business is of great Authority in the Con∣sistory, and his opinion in the Congregations more respected than any ones. His Kindred trouble him not much, but perhaps would do more if he were Pope: He can dissemble well, and seems to take no notice of an injury, though it be written very deep in his heart.

GIROLAMO FARNESE a Roman, has made a shift, without any Foreign assistance, to scramble into several Honours. In his youth he was thought wild and un∣constant, and he was so indeed; but he grew more discreet, and prudently by degrees wrought off all those imputations that might hurt him, reserving only, or endeavouring to acquire, those virtues that are necessary in Rome to the gaining of a Cap; which design breaks the sleep of many a good Prelate.

Innocent the tenth, who was so difficult to accommodate with another mans opinion, had so great an esteem for this person, that in all his affairs he would have his judgement

still, and pris'd it so, as to preferr it to his own; and which is more, to give him further credit in the Court, he declar'd publiquely to all that he convers'd with, that the Coun∣sels of that man were worthy to be embrac'd by any Pope whatsoever, because they were deliver'd with prudence, integrity, and learning, which are in effect the virtues that ought to illustrate the Councellors of a Pope.

This great affection of the Pope, gave no small jealousie to the rest of the Prelats who pretended to have deserv'd better than those for which Farnese was call'd to the new Car∣dinalship, every body being assur'd that Pope Innocent would promote him. But this I shall say more, that some wits that envy'd his good fortune, made Libels on him, calling him most commonly the fifth Evangelist.

But those persons that were sounder in their judgements, did but laugh at these re∣ports, and the reputation Farnese had amongst the people; knowing the inconstancy of his Spirit, they were patient, and cry'd still, observe the end. And indeed it succeeded as they presag'd, for Innocent being disgusted by him, that he had before look'd upon as an Oracle, either because he would not sing as he would have him, or that Donna Olim∣pia had given him a lift, or for other considerations unknown, he not only made no use of him in his affairs, but turn'd his love into disdain, reviling that person as extravagantly as ever he had commended him.

Alexander the seventh, that pretended to understand the merits of a man, as well as any body, and was resolv'd to use no mans judgement but his own in the Election of his Cardinals, was no sooner leap'd into the Chair, but he made him his Maggior domo; and because he knew this person to have a brain capable to dispatch several businesses at once, he gave him a hundred employments, there being never a Congregation; where there was any affair of importance to be transacted, but he was present, and yet he dis∣charg'd exactly his duty, as he was Maggior domo, to the satisfaction of the Pope, en∣deavouring with might and main to secure himself of the affection of the house of Chigi, by whose favour he facilitated the acquisition of the Terra Farnese, which was his own jurisdiction, and found out a way to exclude the Duke of Parma, who was to succeed him in case the right line fail'd.

All these things consider'd, the Pope resolv'd to give him a Cap, and at the same time sent him Legat to Bologna, in which, he carry'd himself to his Holinesses satisfaction; but he found things well dispos'd, by the good management of Lomelini his Predecessor, who had govern'd that City to the incredible satisfaction of the People.

He is a man of a very great brain, which perhaps would be a prejudice to him if the Chair was vacant, because they all know too much wind does more hurt to a Ship, than too little. In all his Negotiations he has behav'd himself like a true Roman. It is a hard matter to find a man so devoted to business as he. He administers justice with such ex∣actness, that it appears severity. He is old, and of a weakly complection, and yet of a strange extravagant life, going to supper, either when other people rise, or go to bed.

He is not much inclin'd to Piety, nor Charity; he gives Almes sometimes, but 'tis more out of policy, than any thing else: all the injuries that are done him, stick close at his heart, so that he does best that offends him not at all, and so much the rather, because he can dissemble his malice so well.

For some months past, he has forborn coming to the Congregations del Annona, upon a disgust that Cardinal Barbarino gave him, by obstructing some resolutions of his, under pretence that it was necessary to stay till the Abbot Rospigliosi was present; but he had a greater quarrel with Imperiale, because he oppos'd himself in one of the Congre∣gations against Farnese, about the validity of the Bull for the Incameration of Castro, for which Imperiale had no great thanks, he having thereby expos'd himself to the indigna∣tion of the Crown of France. In short, Farnese is something refractory in his opinion, and is angry with every body, when things go not as he advises; and sometimes he is angry alone.

He has but few Kindred, and those he has, have so little esteem for him, that they do not care to trouble him; yet some suspect that all is but Hypocrisie, and like that of Alexander the sevenths, who alwayes express great alienation to his, till he was Pope, and then he chang'd his mind to some purpose, so that the more he hated them when he

was a Cardinal, the more he lov'd them when he was Pope; and just so it is believ'd Farnese would do, were he in that quality. He is moreover no great rewarder of his Servants, nor do his Friends receive much benefit by his protection, he showing himself but indifferent in the affairs of his greatest Confidents.

ANTHONIO BICHI of Siena, is Nephew to the Sister of Alexander the se∣venth, and Brother to Prior Bichi, a Knight of Malta, and one that has the commenda∣tions of a very worthy man. The Popes design was to make a Cardinal of the Knight, and to leave the other alone in his Bishoprick of Osimo; but to prevent that, the whole Family of the Chigi conspir'd, I mean the branches of Don Mario, and Don A∣gostino.

The Knight had intelligence of all, and made all imaginable submission to redintigrate with Cardinal Flavio, and Don Agostino, and such as perhaps the worst Servant he had would have scorn'd to have done; but ambition was too predominant in his heart, and the extreme desire he had to be a Cardinal, would have made him do ten times worse to obtain it. However he was not so fortunate, for the Chigi were too positive for his ex∣clusion, though they seem'd well enough satisfi'd with his obsequiousness.

The principal cause of this opposition of the Nephews, proceeded from a suspition they had, that if that Cousin of theirs should arrive at the Cardinalship, that is, into such an eminent degree, as would authorize him to speak his mind freely, he would not fail to create some differences betwixt them, and that the rather, because they had already more jealousies of one another, than the Pope, or their Con••anguinity would allow: nor indeed was their fear without reason; for though he be outwardly civil, he has a strange dexterity at setting other people by the ears.

In this manner the Cavalier being excluded, with no little satisfaction to the Chigi, who thought they had atchiev'd a great matter; the other Brothers interest was set on foot, against which the Chigi made not only no opposition, but recommended him to his Holiness, who to revive the memory of his Sister, was resolv'd to make of them a Cardi∣nal. Alexander having resolv'd from the beginning of his Papacy to give the Cavalier a Cap, could not without some repugnancy be perswaded to quit that resolution, and give it to the other Brother, that he never intended; nor was it a wonder, for the Ca∣valier knew well enough by acts of submission, and obsequiousness of behaviour, how to gain upon his Unckle: whereas the other remaining as it were shut up in his Church at Osnno, had not those opportunities to ingratiate with him that had the power to ad∣vance him to the degree he is now in, perhaps by the ill fate of his Brother the Ca∣valier.

Whilst he was Bishop of Osimo, he gave good demonstration of his ability in governing the Church; having wrought himself into the hearts of all people, especially the Clergy, who magnifi'd him for one of the best Bishops that ever was in that place. After he was promoted to the Cardinalship, his Holiness began to employ him in several important and politick affairs. But in a short time it was plain, that what credit he got in his Pasto∣ral Cure, he lost in his Negotiations, insomuch that in many Congregations he was al∣most ridiculous. The Pope understood very well, that his parts were but indifferent, and therefore he gave him some lea••ure to improve himself, which he has done so effectually, that if in the Congregations his Vote be not the first, it is not most certainly the last, he having grown to a capacity of penetrating into the good and bad of an affair, and of choosing the best when he has done.

He receives all persons that come to him, with great civility, and endeavours to ingra∣tiate with the Ministers of Princes, without giving occasion of jealon••ie either to one or other. He seems a great enemy to tumults and noise, yet fails not upon occasion to speak his own sence, and that with some violence of words. He was very devout and pious when he was a Bishop, and they are much increas'd since he was made a Cardinal. In short, he also is driving at the Popedom, but I fear he will miscarry, as all the rest have done that have taken his way.

GIACOMO FRANZONI of Genoa, Cardinal with the Title of Santa Maria in Aquino, advanc'd himself to the Cardinalship by the same means which are com∣monly us'd by his Countrymen. In the Popedom of Innocent he had several Offices, be∣sides

the Tesorieria della Camera, which he bought with ready money; for the Pope either at the request of his Cousin, or because he knew him a person of worth, would not suffer him to be idle, but heap'd Governments upon him continually: He was made General of the Holy Church, Keeper of the Castle of Saint Angels, General of the Popes Gallies, and Commissioner for the Armes, all of them executed by him at a time. By reason his Imployments were so many, he was thought by some to be too tedious in his resolutions, and not unjustly, he himself not knowing sometimes which way to turn him, but mistaking his business, he dispatch'd that which was last, having forgot what was before. By this many people suffer'd not a little in their affairs, and complain'd much of his delay, which proceeded not so much from any ill principle in him, as from a torrent of business that overwhelm'd him, and left him scarce time to take his breath: in one Scene, like a Comedian, acting two persons, the Souldier and the Prelate, not only to the admiration of the people, but the indignation of other persons of merit, that were left idle, without any imployment at all.

This Cardinal in all the Congregations where he came, was very doubtfull and irre∣solute, and all from a certain subtilty that he has, in penetrating into the affairs that are before him, sifting and deliberating what is to be done, without considering it will be determin'd without him.

He is a great lover of Justice, very zealous, and a particular favourer of the poor, in so much that when he was Legate of Ferrara, (which he exercis'd to his praise) he recommended daily to the Judges, that they should have special regard, that the Poor should not be oppress'd by the Potent, in their Tryals at Law; and hearing upon a time that there was a Suit betwixt a Noble man, and a Commoner, he would not trust it to the Judges, but took it into his own hands, least the Noble man some way or other might have wrought upon the Judges to have given sentence in his favour.

This Cardinal has store of good qualities, he is a person of a good Conscience, candid, subtil, and has not those scruples, that make other Cardinals be thought hypocrites, rather than honest men; he is very well read in the Rules of Friendship, studies what he can to preserve it, and it is good therefore to have him for one Friend. He is very chast, and therefore it was never heard that he committed any sensual sin: Towards the Princes he is indifferent, keeping himself equally betwixt both the Crowns, and without giving the least token or inclination of depending more upon one than the other, keeping the middle way. He is not prodigal, but liberal enough in rewarding his Servants. In short, he is not over covetous, though he be a Genoese. The Ecclesiastical habit sits well upon his back, because his manners and humour is proper to ennoble it; he is imploy'd in rectify∣ing the abuses in his Bishoprick of Camerino. His age is about 55. and he is not much subject to infirmities.

As to his Kindred, he has two Brothers, one married, the other not; he has a Nephew also, the Son of the elder of the two Brothers, who is call'd Anfrano Franzoni, a youth of good humour, studious, and much addicted to Learning. Of the two Brothers one of them is call'd Agostino Franzoni, a person of good conversation too, particularly intent upon the discharge of such Offices as are given him by that Republique, and very curious in the liberal Arts; but he spends his money alla Genoese. The other Brother is call'd Paulo Geronimo, and wholly devoted to the interest of that Commonwealth. I will not say whether this Cardinal aims at the Ppoedom, because he is a Genoese, which is as much as to say, he does not.

CARLO BONELLI corresponds in great part with his Name, which signifies little goodness; he offends in many things, more out of an affected simplicity that he pretends to, to be counted Holy, than for any thing else: But he has one great fault indeed, and that is, that he suffers himself to be led by the Nose in matters of greatest consequence, and in trifles and things of no importance he is so peremptory, fifty yoak of Oxon can∣not remove him.

Cardinal Imperiale his Unckle manages him, as a Rider does a great Horse, making him gallop, and change as he pleases, so that his Vote depends clearly on his Unckle, to whom to speak truth, Bonelli is bound by all obligations to be obsequious, because it was by his contrivance and intercession the Cap fell upon Bonelli's head, he never being able

to have obtain'd it himself. This is certain, there has not been a relation to be found that has shewn more zeal in the advancement of another, than Imperiale has demon∣strated to Bonelli; for as if he were not contented to have made him a Cardinal, he endeavour'd what he could to make him Pope, and if he had succeeded, Bonelli would have had the honour, but Imperiale would have gone away with the profit.

This Cardinal before he obtain'd his Cap, was put very young upon the principal im∣ployments of the Court; he was made Governour, and sent Nuntio into Spain, more at the instance and intercession of Imperiale, who had a great interest at that time, than for any merits of his own. In which charges he neither diminish'd, nor encreas'd his repu∣tation amongst them that knew him. And indeed his parts are as small, as his stature, though Imperiale cryes him up for one of the greatest Politicians in the Court. Alex∣ander had never any great opinion of him, nevertheless he created him in the quality of Cardinal Nuntio▪ under the Title of Santa Anastasia.

CELIO PICCOLOMINI, of a very good Family in Siena, is descended of a Pon∣tifical branch, though its leaves are much fallen. In the Popedom of Innocent, he went up and down courting those with great submission, that were in any esteem with the Pope, to advance himself to the place he is now in. He obtain'd some charges which he executed well; his talent is but small; he is full of good words, but loves alwayes to cross the stream; he sticks close enough to his Relations, but has not the liberality to give them any thing; he has no faults that make him unworthy of his honour, the Ec∣clesiastical Habit sitting well upon his back▪ Most of his Countrymen envy him, and es∣pecially they that have not prosper'd so well: he departed from his Nuntiature of France with no little disgust, of which it will not be impertinent to give a short description.

The 20th. of August, there arriv'd a Courier from the French Ambassador, the Duke of Crequy, with an account of the accident that happen'd betwixt his Excellences Ser∣vants, and the Corsi. The King of France call'd a Councel immediately, which lasted for two hours and more, after which, the Comti di Brienne was sent to the Nuntio in his Majesties name to command him to leave Paris the next morning, and to retire to Meaux, and not to stir from thence till further order from his Majesty; pretending it as an expedient to secure his person▪ against some such tumult as happen'd in Rome.

Piccolomini reply'd with all possible respect, that he would obey his Majesties order but he desir'd first to be heard, and went therefore that very night to Court; but being heard with nobody but Mounsieur Lyon, he declar'd the Sentiments of the Pope, the or∣der he had taken for the punishment of the offendors, the demonstrations of kindness the Pope had made to the Ambassador; endeavouring with all the art of Rhetorick, to clear the business, and by contrary relations to what came before, to let him understand he could not receive a Relegation. The next morning, the Nuntio retir'd to Saint Germans, and stirr'd not out of the Castle, that he might not seem to disobey the Orders of the King. Mounsieur Tellier came to speak with him by his Majesties permission, but being stiff and inflexible to the requests of the Nuntio, who by all his submissions, by laying before him the reflection, the ill usage of his person, would have upon the Church, not be∣ing able to prevail for the Protraction of his departure, as soon as he was return'd to his house, he writ him this Letter.

Most Excellent Sir,

I Can by no means admit that the Kings religation of me is a favour, if it be said that 'tis in order to my security, how great a reflection will it have upon the Grandeur of his Majesty, when it is reported that an innocent person, and his Holinesses Nuntio, could not be safe in Paris Let it be lawfull therefore for me with all due reverence and submission to say, that indeed it is at the Kings pleasure to retein or command me whither he pleases, but it is not in my power to consent without particular permission from his Holiness, or at least an apparent necessity for me to do it: His Majesty cannot ascribe it to any want of pro∣found Obedience in me▪ which for my part I shall alwayes shew with the greatest demonstra∣tions of humility and service I am able, and therefore I conceive he cannot in justice impose

any penalty upon a Nuntio, for so contingent an accident, especially his Holiness having already declar'd his resolution to chastise the offendors, and begun to execute that resolution. I hope your Excellence will have so much compassion, as in this case to endeavour the pro∣tection of

Yours

The Nuntio persisted that there ought to be an apparent and precise necessity for his departure; and accordingly on the 31. he receiv'd Letters from Monsieur de Lion, with reiterated orders from his Majesty, for his removal to Meaux; so that all the intercessi∣on of Foreign Ministers, who endeavour'd to mittigate the business, being in vain, by their advice he went out of Paris, but went instead of Meaux, to Saint Dennis, that he might not seem to consent to his dismission, and by the mediation of the Ministers about the King, and the interposition of Foreign Representatives, he obtain'd, that his resolution was allow'd at Court, without further irritation to his Majesty. It was re∣ported at first, that the Duke of Crequy had orders to be gone out of the Territories of the Church, and to retire to Siena; and when that order should be known to be execu∣ted, the Nuntio was to be dispatch'd likewise out of France.

On the seventh of September, the Nuntio found himself beset by a party of forty Souldiers a horseback, drawn by order out of his Majesties Musquetoons, who guarded all the passages into the Covent of the Dominicans, where he lodg'd, and accompany'd the Nuntio and all his Servants when ever they went forth. He complain'd to the Court of this action, but he was answer'd that they knew nothing of it. The Nuntio dissembling the business, pretended to take no notice of it, but gave orders that the Souldiers as strangers should be invited to dinner, and to what civilities the house could afford, but they accepted not the invitation, but refus'd it with reciprocal civility.

The same night there arriv'd a Courrier to the Nuntio from Rome, with his Holiness his first Breve written to the King, with more distinct information of what was past against the delinquents there by the Popes orders, as the price that was set upon their heads, the deputation of two Congregations, the visit Cardinal Chigi made to the Duke of Crequy, and a long Letter of narration to Monsieur de Lyon.

The next morning the Nuntio dispatch'd it to Monsieur Lyon, with a Billet of his own, desiring him to present the Breve to his Majesty, give him an account of the rest, and to prevail that the Nuntio might be admitted to speak with himself. Monsieur Lyon re∣ceiving the Billet, said he could do no less; he carry'd both the one and the other to his Majesty, expecting what he would please to command; after he had read the Breve to his Majesty, he return'd him this answer, That he should read the rest of the dispatch that day to his Majesty; and accordingly he appointed a Conference with the Nuntio at Turrene, whether the Nuntio pass'd the same night attended by 40. Musquetiers.

The Conference was long, the Nuntio laying before him, what upon the foundation of truth, reason, and the paternal inclination of his Holiness, was like to mittigate his Majesty. The Sieur de Lyon assur'd the Nuntio that he had endeavour'd to quench, not to kindle the fire. That his Majesty at the reading of the Brief, express'd much sa∣tisfaction to see his Holiness so well dispos'd to an accommodation, and at last it was con∣cluded, that on Sunday the tenth of December he should have an answer. The Nuntio had intelligence, that the Brief being read in Councel, they began to be appeas'd; but at the same time a Gentleman arriving from the Duke of Crequy, with advice that he was commanded out of the Territories of the Church, incens'd his Majesty so much, that as soon as he was gone out of the Councel, orders were dispatch'd immediately to the Nun∣tio to depart that Kingdom the next day; and though he sent another Breve from his Holiness, and an answer to Mr. Lyon from himself, there was no further Treaty to be had.

The Letters from the Nuntio to Seignour Lyon and Tellier, were not open'd at all. The 14 in the morning before he departed, he made another overture, but could not be heard, so that then he prepar'd himself to obey, and accordingly departed under the conduct of 50 Musquetiers on horse-back, 25 before his Coach, and as many behind, not suffering him to discourse with any body, forcing him to march ten leagues a day,

and carrying him every night out of the Road, without acquainting him which way he was to pass. In ten dayes time he arriv'd in Savoy, and staid there for some time in the Chambery, till he could receive further orders from his Holiness, to whom he had given particular advice of all that had past.

Whilst the Nuntio was marching in this posture, the Marquis de Fuentes, Ambassador from the Crown of Spain, came to give him a visit, but the guards deny'd him admissi∣on; Fuentes persisted, and press'd very hard, but all that he could get, was liberty to enter with two guards with him, who understanding neither Italian nor Spanish would needs have oblig'd the Nuntio and Fuentes to have spoken in French; but they could not be perswaded, but discours'd three hours together in the presence of the guards, that un∣derstood not a word that they said. The news that was brought by the Gentleman from the Duke of Crequy, was, that he was forc'd to go out of Rome for the security of his per∣son, that he was limited in his Victuals, and ty'd up to a certain allowance every day; but this in time was found to be false, and only an invention to exasperate his Majesty the more.

His Majesty was troubl'd to find himself in a necessity of using the Nuntio accordingly, because he had been not a little pleas'd with his proceedings during his Nuntiature. Ma∣ny believ'd, that as soon as these difficulties should be compos'd, and due satisfaction be given to the King, that Piccolomini would be remanded into France; but with this ge∣neral opinion, the policy of the Ecclesiasticks did not agree: it was imagin'd likewise, that the Pope (for his own reputation, and to recompence the Nuntio's disgrace in be∣ing turn'd out of France) would send him a Cap before his entrance into Rome, which would have been very acceptable to Piccolomini. But there were other reasons that di∣verted his Holiness from such thoughts; however he was with other Nuntio's promoted to the Cardina••ship 1664 with the Title of San Pietro al Monte d'oro. Were he better furnish'd with humility, it would be better for him, for he is generally reckon'd a very proud man.

CARLO CARAFF A a Neapolitan, is a person of great parts, and worthy of high∣er advancement, did not the memory of Paul the fourth (who was not at all propitious to the Spaniard) give some obstruction to the maturity of his years, he being yet fresh, healthful, and vigorous. He was sent Nuntio to Venice by Innocent the tenth, and con∣firm'd by Alexander the seventh, who imploy'd him in a business of the greatest diffi∣culty perhaps, that ever Nuntio was imploy••d in; and that was the re-establishment of the Jesuits in the State of Venice, which the said Alexander recommended to him with the greatest earnestness imaginable.

Caraffa to satisfie the ardency of the Popes desire, undertook that Negotiation, but he met with so many obstacles, he despair'd of it himself, though in his Letter to Rome, he dissembl'd it as much as he could, writing alwayes ambiguously, least he should put his Holiness too into despair, who had a great fancy he should weather that point. In short, he behav'd himself so subtilly in the Senate, and knew so well how to manage his affairs, that he brought the Venetian to his Luer, and willingly to condescend to the importunities of the Pope.

In this transaction, Caraffa's parts, and dexterity in great affairs, was very well known: he having receiv'd several testimonies of commendation from the Pope himself. But yet things did not follow the expectations of the Court; where it was reported, that if he happen'd to effect the re-establishment of the Jesuite sin Venice, the Pope would without doubt reward him with a Cap; and this was writ in a Letter from Rome, to one of the principal in the Nuntio's Court. But the Jesuites were restor'd, the Pope pleas'd, and the Senate satisfy'd, yet the Nuntio uncapt for some time, and not one word to be heard of his promotion.

From Venice, he was sent Nuntio to the Emperour of Germany; where he met like∣wise with several difficult affairs, but they lasted not long, because he knew very well how to disintangle himself with honour; and certainly he is a person sufficiently dexte∣rous, active, and proper for the management of the most considerable transactions. Though he be pleasant alwayes, and merry in the conversation of Ladies; he lies under no great imputation of vice; he protects his friends cheerfully, and rejoyces to do good

offices for all that desire him; he has many Kindred in Naples, and not few in Rome: if he transgresses any way, 'tis in his severity, his justice having too often more of rigour than mercy. He was promoted with the other Nuntii, 1664. with the Title of Santa Su∣sanna. At present he is Legate at Bolognia, from whence it is hop'd he will come away with the applause of the people, he having given already an essay of his good Govern∣ment.

ANGELO CELSI a Roman, was created Cardinal with the Title of Saint George in the year 1664. being Auditor di Rota, in which office he made himself some Enemies, thing•• for no considerable reasons. In his youth he fell into some faults, suitable but lit∣tle wore the Ecclesiastical habit which he wore; for though he was a Priest, he could not abstain from several sensualities, many people believing him given over so much to luxu∣ry, that he was fitter to have been a Husband than a Priest. However he now restrains his natural inclinations with great prudence, or at least transgresses in secret.

He is very much inclin'd to revenge, but has not the faculty to dissemble it, for where he is an enemy, he professes it, and where he is a friend, he does the same. He is anti∣ent, but of a strong complection, though subject to infirmities. He is severe in his na∣ture, and inclin'd to justice with too much punctilio. In certain Congregations, his Vo••e has been almost Tyrannical, and all to do justice, so as the concern'd and offended parties have said, that he was a Phalaris, or a person of a cruel and carnal nature; because or∣dinarily they go together, and your cruel people are observ'd to be most carnal.

Many are of opinion, that if his life corresponded to his parts, there would not be a more worthy person in the whole Colledge. He has certainly a sound judgement, a brain capable of any thing; he is more learned than ordinary, curious in all kind of History, politick, dextrous in treaties and business, assiduous in what he undertakes, not obstinate in his opinion; in short, he is a person of general parts, which in the Congregations, and Consistories, he dayly discovers.

He has but one Brother, an antient man too, but inclin'd as much to pleasure, as this is to severity. He has great store of friends and adherents in Rome; his nearest are Ca∣raffelli, and Capranica, with whom he holds very good correspondence; the great affection he bears to Ravizza (a person odious to the Romans) has given some check to his reputation, and the rather, because he appear'd in his defence against Cardinal Chigi.

PAƲLO SAVELLI a Roman, is the Nephew of the late Cardinal Fabrisio Savelli, that serv'd a long time in the wars of Germany, in the quality of General. This Family is the most considerable in Rome, and that not only for its antientness and nobility, but for the great Prerogatives it enjoys, as the office of Marisciallo di Santa Chiesa, and to that Marshalship, belongs the keeping of the Conclave. During the vacation of the See, the said Savelli has no small authority and jurisdiction in Rome. He may raise Souldiers for a Guard for himself, at the charge of the Apostolical Chamber, upon any emer∣gency or apprehension, and chastise those that transgress the orders of the Conclave; as he did in the Conclave of Ʋrban the eight, when he sent several little Clarks to the Galeys, for conveying Letters to the Cardinals in the Conclave, and threatned others with death.

Though this Family has had two Popes of it, and a great number of Cardinals, yet it has been in great danger of falling; and this is most certain, had it not been for the inhe∣ritance of Montalto, it would have been very low. But so opulent an estate falling to them by a marriage contracted with a Sister of Montalto, (that happen'd to be the last of the house of Perretii) and the Prince Savelli, was sufficient to make him lift up his head again, though to speak truth, he had never abated of his usual splendour, unless in some small retrenchments of his Court.

This Paulo that we speak of, purchas'd the Chiericatura di Camera, with firm confi∣dence, to be chosen a Cardinal, as indeed it fell out; for Alexander retaining the same inclination to the Roman Families, as Innocent had▪ that he might not see so honoura∣ble a house without a Cap, at the death of Cardinal Fabritio, he made him a Cardinal 1664. with the Title of Santa Maria della Scala.

This Cardinal has no great knowledge in the most considerable affairs of State; but

he has capacity enough to inform himself. If he would read History a little more, he would do much better in the Congregations, though his judgement already is none of the worst. He is a Spaniard, but concerns not himself too farr in defence of that Crown. His Conversation is good, and grateful, yet some there are that think him proud, but I could never see but he was humble enough.

ALPHONSO LITTA a Milanese, has been imploy'd in several important affairs, in which he has alwayes express'd himself by the honourableness of his success, a man of great parts, and experience. He is certainly a man very proper for business, in∣defatigable in searching and perpending of every thing he undertakes, that he may not afterward be at a loss, when he comes to give his judgement or vote; so that this is most sure, that he that loses any thing in his presence, may be satisfy'd very well, for he is not us'd to do things blindfold, as others do even in Rome it self.

He has given tokens of his parts and good life from his very youth, yet he fell into some light miscarriages, but not considerable; he is a person of good learning, great practice, no ordinary experience, and has a strange head for solid and profound business. Whilst he was Archbishop of Milan, he shew'd himself an excellent Pastor, conciliating the affection of the whole people there; but for all this, some there be that believe that he fail'd in a little punctilio of prudence, when he appear'd so stiff for the immunities of the Church, and other things, in which he might have wink'd with more discretion. In short, he has so much disoblig'd the Spaniards, that they are grown his implacable enemies, and doubtless were not their fortune at present so low, they would handle him so, as to force him to leave the Church, as they have done before to other Prelats in the Kingdom of Naples. Did things therefore go as they would have, they would not fail to give him a lift; for it is not their custom, to pardon till they be reveng'd.

His promotion to the Cardinalship, was no welcome news to the Spaniards, who had not concern'd themselves at all in his assistance, but rather by their private suggestions done what they could to obstruct it. But Pope Alexander knowing his deserts very well, and the high services he had done the Church, that he being Pope might not seem un∣grateful, the last promotion but one he made him a Cardinal, with the Title di Santa Croce in Jerusalem, giving him the Archbishoprick with it. Very few Cardinals there have been, that have attain'd that dignity upon the bare account of their merits, as this person has done to his immortal reputation.

He holds the same Maxime with other people, that to be Pope, it is necessary to be at odds with the Spaniard; and therefore being Cardinal, he is the more incens'd against them. Don Lewis d'Haro, Governour of Milan, with whom he had some variance, writ several Letters to the Spanish Ambassador at Rome in the time of the vacancy of the See, against the promotion of Litta; insomuch that it is the opinion of many wise men, that a Cardinal that is born a Subject to a Prince, and has considerable dignities in his Principalities, cannot but be thought imprudent, if he quarrels and contends with that Prince. But for my part, I do not question but there were many considerable reasons to work a person of his discretion and worth to such a resolution.

NERIO CORSINI a Florentine, was Treasurer, and afterwards Cardinal, with the Title of Santi Neri Achillo; which Title was given him for its correspondence with his name. His Kindred are but of indifferent quality, but he endeavours what he can to advance them upon all occasions. The Great Duke loves him very well, but imployes him not in any business of consequence, perhaps for his private interest. In his Treasurer∣ship, he got the reputation of a person of no ordinary Talent; but it is not so much as it ought to have been, for when he drove at the Cardinalship, he was fain to worship and fawn upon those at the Helme, and it succeeded as well as he could wish.

In the Congregations, he has shewn himself a person of worth, a good politician, and impartial in all matters of consequence; and indeed he has a great capacity, and some good learning. He is not over rigid, and severe, yet he suffers not himself to be led by the Nose too much, as loving his own fancy and capriccio, especially if he knows he has reason on his side. At present he is Legat of Ferrara, a considerable Legation, and of great trust, because upon the Confines. He will have great opportunity of shewing his parts there, of which he has given good essay already, though it is not above three

months since he arriv'd. Every body is in expectation of the success of this Legation; for my part I do not doubt but he will come off honourably, if his servants do not make him transgress, for to speak the truth, he is sometimes too indulgent.

PALƲZZO PALƲZZI a Roman, has serv'd the Church above forty years with extraordinary diligence, yet had never any remuneration from Pope Innocent, though he knew what pains he had taken very well; so that it was no small wonder to see many per∣sons of less merit than he, that had not done half the service he had done for the Church, advanc'd before him, and which is more, in so difficult conjunctures.

Yet Innocent would confess that this Prelats shoulders deserv'd the Purple, but that his tongue spoil'd them; and truly he has too little Phlegm, and is too fierce in con∣demning the actions of others, without any regard to the quality of their persons, inso∣much that speaking in publique, and with too much liberty, of the actions of the favou∣rites at Court, he has retarded the progress of his fortunes. Yet his way of Mutining is not without its grace, for he pricks them with honey, and kindles the fire in the Cen∣ser, to burn the hands of the Priest, under pretence of doing it for the benefit and glory of the Altar. This I will say, he is as zealous in all his expressions, as is imaginable; but he does it not upon any particular interest, but for the publick advantage. But he is out in his politicks now, because this age is for nothing but dissembling at Rome; zeal in∣deed is good with respect to the time and the place, but not when it will be taken for faction and repining.

Many people observing that he was old, and had no Cap, concluded for certain he would never have any; and indeed he did not look for it himself. But Alexander con∣sidering, that to leave a person who for so long time had been serviceable to the Church, without any reward, would but discourage and intepidate the rest, he resolv'd to take away that scandal, and created him Cardinal with the Title of Basilica degli dode••i A∣postoli.

He is an honest man, well vers'd in the Canons, and not a little in the Civil Prudence, but improper for the Cadinalitial Function in respect of his blindness, which suffer'd him to come but very seldom into the Congregations; but he was present in the last Con∣clave, and gave his voice. In brief, he is so decrepid, that he looks every moment for death, and therefore has but little regard for the things of this world.

CESARE RASPONI of Ravenna, has by his handsome designs insinuated him∣self at Court, in such manner, that he is arriv'd at that honourable degree he deserves, as being a person worthy of the Cardinalitial dignity. He has alwayes had a great am∣bition to advance himself in offices and employments, but he has had the prudence to con∣ceal it; he is very obsequious to such as have any abilities to assist him, yet so as not to fall into any extravagant flattery.

He was made Secretary of the Councel, and in many Controversies with those Pre∣lates, he gave good demonstration of his parts. And because that charge is a charge of great confidence, with the Cardinal Padrone, he found out a way to satisfie the Chigi, without receding from the Priviledge of his place. Alexander had a good opinion of him, and therefore in several of his businesses of importance, he took his judgement along with him, which he willingly, and with his wonted modesty deliver'd, so that Alexander left this advice to Chigi his Nephew, that in all intricate matters he should make use of the judgement of Monsignor Rasponi.

A few months after the fatal disaster, as one may call it, that happen'd to the Duke of Crequy in Rome, he was sent Nuntio Extraordinary into France, to endeavour to accom∣modate the business, to satisfie the King of France, but without diminution to the Ma∣jesty of the Pope. This was an affair of great consequence, and therefore his Holiness several dayes together consulted with his Cardinals about the election of a fit person for such an imployment; after the nomination of several, and the rejection of all, Rasponi was judg'd the most proper and habile person, from whence may be argu'd the reputation he had amongst the Prelates of the Court.

At the very beginning of his Legation, there happen'd a certain difference that con∣strain'd him to depart from Lyons, where he was arriv'd, and to return into Savoy, to some Neutral place; But his Negotiation had no great success, so that the Duke of

Crequy return'd to Paris, and he to Rome; nevertheless Rasponi had so well accommo∣dated things to his Majesties satisfaction, that he had almost pardon'd the affront offer'd to his Ambassador: But the business of Castro, which the King would have compriz'd in that Treaty, and without which he was resolv'd to have none, put all things into a sus∣pence. For all that, the Pope was so well satisfi'd with the transaction of Rasponi, that to recompence him for it, and his other services to the Church, he created him Cardinal in his first promotion, with the Title of San Giovanni in Porta Latina.

This Cardinal has a sound judgement, and great dexterity in business, and that the more, because he is not too much inamour'd with his own opinions, nor adheres too much to them as others do, who though they know another mans advice be more ade∣quate and beneficial to the matter in hand, yet in despight of all reason, will defend their own judgements, be they never so false; he carries himself indifferently, and labours much to be counted impartial His Kindred are of condition good enough, but not rich, and in particular a Nephew that is call'd the Abbot Rasponi, which being but a youth of 27-years of age, he carry'd into France with him, being a person of good behaviour, and great generosity; and though he abounds not with any extraordinary Learning, yet his judgement is so good, that with a little exercise he may very well go through the most important affairs. This Cardinal may with maturity of years make a pass in the Con∣clave, as well as any of the rest.

GIO. NICOLA CONTI is a Roman, of an antient Family, that has several times afforded illustrious persons to the Church, and by whom it has been serv'd with all punctuality and honour. This Lord has had several ordinary imployments, and dis∣charg'd himself indifferently well: The greatest of his Offices was the Government of Rome, which he began to exercise with great severity, having declar'd to his Holiness himself, that he would proceed in an exact way of Justice, without partiality to any body. But in a short time he had chang'd his opinion, and was observ'd to follow other things instead of severity, especially if any thing relating to the satisfaction of the Ne∣phews was in debate; for he was grown very carefull of giving them any disgust, as complying in every thing there, though with never so much injury to Justice: Besides this, he is thought to have been too indulgent to the recommendations of the Cardinals, and Nobility of Rome, that are his Friends and Relations, at whose instances he has dis∣charg'd several Prisoners that were more worthy to have been corrected. Not that he can be charg'd with Bribery, his hands are clean enough from that, though he be none of the liberalest persons about the Court.

It cannot be deny'd but there are several good qualities in him, that may make him capable of being an Ornament to his Dignity, although he fell into some frailties (be∣fore he took the Prelacy upon him) that are not worthy to be remembred, though he be now prudent enough to make the goodness of his deportment, satisfie for the evil that is past. He fails not to endeavour to raise himself as much as he can, and he takes that way that is most likely to give him reputation in the Conclave. He deals with the French and the Spaniards so, that when he is arrived at a competent age, if there be occa∣sion, he may incline them both to be his Friends. He has many Relations both Souldiers and Prelates, that would not be at all offended to see him Pope. Alexander had several reasons for his Creation, but the chief was to fortifie his own Family, by obliging of a person of so great Alliance in Rome; he made him Cardinal with the Title of Santa Maria in Traspontina.

GIACOMO NINI of Siena, has been scrambling after Honours and Offices from the time he took the Ecclesiastical habit upon him, and has left no stone unturn'd to arrive at his designs. His ambition put him forward so, that he several times attempted to have been made Nuntio, but his insufficiency was too well known at Court, to succeed therein, he having but little of the Politicks that are necessary to make a good Minister of State, as failing often rather out of honesty, than any thing else. Yet he thinks himself able to deal with the greatest Politicians in Rome, because he has a little smattering in Learning, and an obliging way with his Complements, and fair words, which in reality signifie not much, for he speaks oftner with his tongue, than his heart, because he has no great foun∣dation of reason, though he wants not some ordinary Maximes.

Alexander the 7th. in consideration of his Country, and other things, made him Maggior domo of the Apostolical Pallace, after he had honour'd him with other offices, and finally created him Cardinal in his last Promotion but one, with the Title of Santa Maria della pace, which Promotion gave great disgust to the Cavalier della Ciaia Unckle to Chigi, that at the same time pretended to the Cardinalship, and seeing Nini preferr'd, was ready to run mad. But though Nini had scarce merits enough for a Cap, yet he deserv'd more than Ciaia.

The report was at first, that Cardinal Chigi was the person that had driven on the interest of Nini, and made him a Cardinal; but it appear'd afterwards, that it pro∣ceeded from the meer pleasure and inclination of the Pope. Before his death there hap∣pen'd some differences betwixt Chigi and Nini, but by the interposition of the Conclave, Chigi was oblig'd to reconcile himself with Nini after the best manner he could, which he did.

When Cardinal Anthonio Barbarino went thorough France to the possession of his Arch-Bishoprick, he left his Vineyard near San Pancratio, to Cardinal Nini, during his absence, which gave the Spaniard great suspition that he was inclining to the interest of the French.

GREGORIO BARBARIGO a Venetian, was created at the nomination of the State of Venice, with the Title of San Tomaso in Parione. Nor did the Pope make any diffi∣culty in the Promotion of so worthy a person, that had given continual testimonies of an excellent Prelate, from the very time he first enter'd into the Ecclesiastical habit, and has confirm'd them since by the exemplariness of his life, free from those scandals that at present are so numerous in Rome.

Amongst the rest of his virtues, which are considerable and proper for a person of his dignity; one eminent one is, his Cordial affection for his Countrey, by which he ob∣liges that wise Senate (that is seldome ungrateful) to continue a grateful correspon∣dence with him upon all occasions.

After the death of Monsignour Giorgio Cornaro, the Bishoprick of Padoa was conferr'd upon him, which is one of the best Bishopricks, I will not say in that State, for they have no other like it, but in all Italy; and because his Predecessor (being a great Ca∣valier, and of one the most renowned Family in Venice) had suffer'd some abuses to grow, till they had obscur'd in great part the glory of the Clergy; Barbarigo not be∣ing able to see so considerable a Church under such enormities, he instituted a Congre∣gation of pious and good Priests to reform them; giving them ample authority to effect it. This new manner of Congregation, unknown to the rest of the Bishops, was at first ill interpreted at Rome; so that some envious people spake of it after a pungent and satyrical way; but the Pope commended it much, and exhorted them to follow so good an example. The Clergy of Padoa that were dissolute and loose, thought that resoluti∣on too severe, but those of any Piety or Religion, commended it to the Skyes. In short, this Cardinal was alwayes full of zeal both to his Church and to his Coun∣trey.

PIETRO VIDONI of Cremona, made up his fortunes, not so much by the exem∣plarity of his life, as by the subtlety of his wit. His mind was alwayes inclinable ••o holy Orders, and averse to Matrimony, though not altogether free from such Carnal affecti∣ons as are too common in the Clergy of our dayes.

In the beginning of his Prelacy, he fell into certain little errours, but he knew well enough how to excuse himself, and to stop the mouths of all such as spake any thing to his prejudice.

In the beginning of Innocents Pontificate, he was imploy'd in certain offices, but they were of no considerable trust; and though he endeavour'd all he could to hit the humour of his Holiness, yet he had not the success he desir'd.

In his Nuntiature in Polonia (which is usually the touchstone whereon they try the ability of their wits) he met with such rubs in certain businesses committed to him by his Holiness, that he was very near losing of that reputation he gain'd in the beginning of his Nuntiature. But he disintangl'd himself with such prudence, that he receiv'd thanks from his Holiness for what he had done, for the advantage of the Catholick Reli∣gion,

and the ease of the Catholick Princes in that Kingdom; King Casimir recommen∣ded him very earnestly to the Pope, and favour'd him much at his Court; so that the Pope, who was inclinable enough to reward the deserts of such persons, as had done best service to the Church, created him Cardinal, with the Title of Saint Calisto. Nor was this creation displeasing to the Spaniard, his Eminence being as it were a Subject to that Crown, and one that had alwayes held a fair correspondence with it, but without dis∣gusting the French, using such dexterity, that he oblig'd the one, without giving jealou∣sie to the other. In the Congregations he did alwayes very well, and what he said, was upon good foundation: yet he might have been a little more short and succinct in his dis∣courses, for he would amplifie so much, he would often lose his way, not knowing how to get back to his Post; but in things of higher importance, he took more time and con∣sideration. He neither exceeds in clemency, nor rigour, but keeps a middle way betwixt both; only in certain cases where the interest of his own or his friends is concern'd he will mistake sometimes, and be rigid, where he should be merciful, and merciful, where he should be severe; at Court he has but an ordinary reputation.

PASCALE d'ARAGONA is a natural Spaniard, of one of the most illustrious Families in Spain, if not of the Royal; he was made Cardinal at the nomination of the King of Spain, with the Title of Santa Balbina; before his Creation he had serv'd his Majesty in very considerable imployments, and much to the advantage and satisfaction of that Crown.

In Rome where he receiv'd the Cap from his Holinesses own hands, he was certain months in the character of Ambassador; but in a short time he was declar'd Vice-Roy of Naples, which is one of the greatest Governments that depend upon that Crown, substituting Don Pietro d'Aragona his Brother, Ambassador in his place; he went from Rome to take possession of his new Government, where he was receiv'd with all imagi∣nable Pomp by those people, to whom he express'd all the tokens of integrity and justice, taking off at first dash several of their Grievances and Gabels; though he was afterwards enforc'd to lay others in their room, which he did without any way disgust∣ing the people.

The King of Spain dying in the mean time, this Cardinal was declar'd one of the Prin∣cipal Counsellors to the Queen Dowager, call'd back into Spain to assist in the Govern∣ment of that Monarchy, and his Brother Don Pietro, declar'd Vice-Roy in his stead; but rather in consideration of the Cardinal, than the proper merits of Don Pietro, who was indeed, next him, the most worthy of that charge, which he doth still execute with ho∣nour to himself, and satisfaction to the people.

Whilst he was Vice-Roy, the dignity of Sopremo Inquisitore was conferr'd upon him; but he held it not long, resigning it to the Queens chief Confessor in exchange for the Arch-Bishoprick of Toledo, which he has in possession at this time. This Cardinal is certainly a person of great intelligence in politick affairs; generous upon many occasi∣ons, but not upon all; he delights in certain magnificencies and pastimes, provided they be honourable. The Queen has him in great esteem, and makes use, not of his publick Counsels only, but his private; insomuch that there are many Grandees in the Court that envy him exceedingly, calling him the Spanish Mazarine; but they are very much mistaken.

FRANCISCO MARIA MANCINI a Roman, was made Cardinal by Alex∣ander, at the nomination of the most Christian King, with the Title of Santi Visto, e Modesto. Cardinal Mazarine, who was his Cousin, and resolv'd to make all his Rela∣tions considerable both in wealth and preheminence, seeing his Brother Cardinal Mi∣chele Mazarine was dead, for whose exaltation, he had set his authority upon the Ten∣terhooks, he began immediately to bend his mind to the ingrandizing this Kinsman; and to that end he conferr'd honours upon him, and introduc'd him into the service of the King, that he might not seem to exalt a person to the Cardinalship (though his design was no other) by the intercession of the Crown of France, till he had given some testi∣mony of his affection to his Majesties service; and he had reason, for when by his ser∣vices to the Crown of France, he had prevail'd with his Majesty to recommend his Bro∣ther Michele for a Cap. Pope Ʋrban refus'd for some time to consent, and either stimu∣lated

by the Spaniards, or induc'd by some other reasons, he excus'd himself, by pre∣tending that his Majesty ought not to interpose for a person, that had done no service for his Crown. But be it as it will, he obtain'd it at last, though he enjoy'd it but a few months, death taking him out of the World without regard to the power of Mazarine, who was much afflicted at the news thereof. And that Mazarine might not have it again cast in his dish, that he made the Crown of France nominate another Cardinal of no merit nor desert, he put forth his hand to this Gentleman also, and gave him oppor∣tunity of serving his Majesty, in things that redounded more to the honour of Mancini himself, than to the service of that Crown; for Mazarine performing many things by his own great and fortunate brain, afterwards gave out that all was perform'd by the conduct and affection of Mancini, who perhaps knew nothing thereof himself, though he wanted no will nor desire to serve well. Alexander (that envyed the great Autho∣rity of Mazarine in France, and in his Nuntiature to Colen had taken some ill impressi∣ons against him, as supposing him the great obstructer of the Peace) lik'd not this Exal∣tation of his Cousin, but endeavour'd under-hand what he could to defeat it; but finding the inconveniences that would follow, he created him, and seem'd to do that willingly, that he could not prevent.

This Cardinal is not ingratefull to the Crown that gave him his Cap, having carry'd himself alwayes with great fervour in defence of its interest. But he has not that head∣piece that is necessary for them that undertake the protection of Crowns. In the Con∣gregations he shews himself a person of indifferent judgement, delivering his opinion temperately and modestly, though he be naturally subject to choller. He would be glad to take any way would bring him to the Papacy, but knowing that those Cardinals that have been propos'd by the Crowns, do but lose their times to think on't, he alters his mind, and contents himself to be counted a good Cardinal, as he is indeed, having very few vices or defects, but forces himself what he can to preserve the reputation of his Dignity. In the Sacred Colledge he has more Friends than Enemies, and amongst all the Cardinals that follow the interest of France, he is the least hated by the Spaniard, though he be Cousin to Mazarine, a Name that is odious to Spain to this day, for his great fortune in the time of the Wars, and for the cunning he shew'd at the surrendring of Cassal. He converses civilly with every body, he is generous upon occasion, but not over-much; he protects all willingly that are recommended to him; he loves Learned men well enough, and 'tis no fault of his if he obliges not all of them.

GIROLAMO BƲONCOMPAGNI of Bolonia, is Gregory the thirteenths Great Nephew; that Pope was very well inclin'd to the advancement of his own Fa∣mily, from the time he was admitted to the Papacy in the year 1572. in so much that in the twelve years he was Pope, he brought the Buoncompagni to that grandeur, that for above thirty years they liv'd like Princes. Giacomo Buoncompagni, General for the Church, and Grandfather to the Cardinal we are now a speaking of, left several Sons, all very rich, and well ally'd; yet in a short time after, though there was not any pro∣digal in the whole Family, all was dispers'd and gone; besides though some of them were Cardinals still, and had considerable Offices, yet they left their Families worse and worse in respect of their Estate; and had not two Marriages sustain'd it, and put them into a moderate degree of subsistance, in respect of what they were in before, without doubt they would have run a great hazard of being in a worse condition.

Girolamo Buoncompagni took the Ecclesiastical habit upon him for no other end, but to see if he could advance his F••mily again to its former grandeur, by the acquisition of a Cap: for amongst the Italians they that fall to any decay, have no other hopes to re∣establish themselves, but by taking the Priests habit upon them, as knowing very well the Church has eminent wayes enough to raise them that use the right means.

In the time of Innocent, he courted and insinuated what he could, to work himself into some considerable imployment, but he could not effect it, for several reasons, but especially in respect of his youth, which in Rome is usually a great impediment; besides Innocent looking on him as a person but of indifferent parts, and small experience in matters of consequence, durst not trust him, least he should not come off with that honour

that he ought to do: However he imploy'd him in such Offices as might exercise him, and by degrees he instructed him in greater affairs, doing what he could possibly to make him conceiv'd a man of abilities, and worthy of greater preferment.

Alexander that had a mind alwayes to be esteem'd a Pope that was zealous for the publique honour of the Church, having created Cardinal Farnese that was Maggiordomo of the Apostolick Palace, with design to advance some other person of equal merits to the place he resigned; he declar'd Buoncompagni Maggiordomo, who began in a short time to execute it exactly, though it was joyn'd with a hundred several imployments; he knew very well how to comport himself with the two branches of the Chigi, with∣out giving occasion of jealousie to the one or the other, obliging them so that they made no scruple to recommend him to the Pope, especially Cardinal Chigi did him good offices, as glorying that he had amongst his Creatures, so considerable a person; so that Alex∣ander perswaded by their arguments, created him Cardinal in his third Promotion, with the Title of San Pietro, e Marcellino.

A while after the said Alexander gave him the Archbishoprick of Bolonia, in which this Cardinal gave great proofs of his making an excellent Prelate; he is charitable to the poor, benigne to all that have business with him, impartial to the highest degree, and free and unbyass'd in his judgement. The Sacred Colledge has so great an esteem for him, there is not a Cardinal has any considerable animosity against him; so that if he encreases in goodness, as he may do in years, he may have no small party in the Conclave.

CARLO ROBERTI a Roman, has labour'd might and main, that he might not come behind the rest, and has made courtship to more than two or three, that he might the better advance himself; for he discern'd the necessity wherein his Family stood of considerable assistance, and how ambitious it was to have a Cap amongst them. Innocent imploy'd him in some places of ordinary importance, and though he did what he could to gain the reputation of having well serv'd the Church, yet (whether it was that the Court was then forming extravagant Scenes of their own, or whether it was that he could not hit the humour of the Pope) there was little or no notice taken of him.

But in the Popedom of Alexander, being imploy'd in greater affairs, he began to gain some reputation both with People and Pope, who spake of him often to his relations, as of a person adorn'd with several good qualities, and fit to serve the Church in the most troublesome and calamitous times.

After the pacification betwixt the Pope and the King of France, upon the rupture about the Duke of Crequy, this Roberti was created Nuntio, and sent into France in the room of Piccolomini that was driven from thence; which is an evident sign his Holi∣ness had a good opinion of him, when he put that Nuntiature into his hands, that re∣quired so great prudence and dexterity to manage it: For though the gross of the quarrel was compos'd by the Treaty at Pisa, yet there were certain reliques remaining, that without good management might have unravell'd all again; above all, his Holiness gave Roberti in charge, that he should as much as possible redintegrate into the favour of his Majesty, and the principal Officers in his Court, the opinion the Chigi had lost in France, and that he should endeavour to make them appear innocent, and full of affecti∣on for that Crown. Which said orders were observ'd by the Nuntio, according as they ought to be, he having in a short time gain'd the reputation of an excellent and impartial Minister in that Court. At length in his last promotion, Alex∣ander made him a Cardinal with the rest of the Nuntioes, and sent him his Cap to Paris.

Before his Nuntiature into France, this Prelate was much inclin'd to the interest of Spain, but after he began to be acquainted with the Christian Kings manner of Entertain∣ment, and the civility of the French Court, he chang'd his mind, and follow'd the humour of the French. The Cardinals of that Kings faction, endeavour'd what they could to gain him, though but extrinsecally, whilst they discover'd what was intrinse∣cally in him; however they gain'd but little upon him, their discourses being only in general terms.

It is not known what good success he would have had in the management of the Congregations, because he stay'd not long in Rome after the assumption of Clement the ninth, being immediately sent Legat to Romagna, where he order'd his affairs with great regularity, and justice; but 'tis suppos'd he would have done very well, because he is a person of sound judgement, modest in his opinion, and one that will give both God and Caesar their due, which is as much as to say, he is both a good States-man, and a good Church-man too, and would be much better, were he not addicted so much to the bene∣fit of his own Family.

GIƲLIO SPINOLA a Genoese, is a person of excellent parts, generous, magnani∣mous, and full of civility, and meekness; he is an enemy to prodigality, yet loves not covetousness; the darling of his Country-men. He arriv'ed at the Prelacy (though he was otherwise deserving enough) by the ordinary way of the Genoeses, who have taken an oath as it were to buy all the offices that are to be sold in Rome by the Church. In his very first imployments, he express'd himself a person of worth; and indeed he is not a little learned, nor a little conversant amongst learned men; his delight is to be discours∣ing amongst such as are experienc'd in Politicks, and Ecclesiastical affairs, observing with great diligence, which way he may make the most profit of them; and this he loves as his Recreations.

In his youth he was not so chast altogether as he should have been, having suffer'd him∣self to be carry'd away too much with the love of Women, to the scandal of all that had affection for him; but since he took the habit of a Prelate upon him, he has been more circumspect, and if he has not girt himself so close with the girdle of Chastity, as he ought, yet he has brought himself to so formal and exterior modesty, and so seeming a prudence, in covering those frailties which cannot be forsaken by those that carry them along with them, that at present he is esteem'd chast, whether he be so or no.

He (being a person descended from a Family so famous through all Europe in several respects, particularly in consideration of the Marquiss Spinola the great Captain, and Car∣dinal Agostino Spinola, a most noble person, and very beneficial to the poor) had no great difficulty to obtain a reputation at Court, which every body is ambitious of at Rome; many people admir'd rather that he was imploy'd no sooner in more considerable affairs, seeing that to the Nobility of his Birth, he wanted not the good endowments of mind. Alexander having experienc'd him in some intricate business, and found him a person of worth, he sent him Nuntio into Germany, in Caraffa's place, who was created Cardinal. In which he comported himself so well, to the satisfaction both of the Empe∣rour and Pope, especially in matters of Religion, and the differences betwixt the Catho∣lick and Protestant, that in the last Promotion of Pope Alexander, he deservedly ob∣tain'd a Cap; and a while after, he left the Imperial Court, to be present at the Con∣clave in Rome.

His voice will alwayes be in favour of the house of Austria, as well from his natural inclination, as from the obligations the Family of Spinola has alwayes receiv'd from the Catholick Crown; from whence it acknowledges the greatest part of its fortunes. He delights much in walking, in Comedyes, and Balls, and perhaps his dignity has alter'd his humours; however he is assiduous enough in business, and is very sincere and affectio∣nate in what eyer he undertakes: he is very apt to be angry, if things succeed not ac∣cording to his designs: he looks closely enough to the people of his Court, and allows them not such latitude, as other Prelates and Cardinals do allow to their Courts. 'Tis suppos'd he would do very well in the management of some Legation, which he might have, if there was any regard had of the desert of a person; but in those cases, the Popes aim no further than to satisfie them they are pleas'd with, not those that deserve it. He uses great prudence in gaining upon such Princes Ministers, as are resident in Rome; and speaks of the merit of his Countrey so, as gives occasion of jealousie to all that envy them.

VITALIANO VISCONTI of Milan, is a Gentleman of an illustrious Family, and descended from the antient Dukes of Milan. He devotes himself to the service of the Church, that sometime or other he may come to the Cardinalship, for which he had al∣wayes a particular fancy. His friends did what they could to have perswaded him to the

Warrs, but he lik'd the Cross better, as that which brings ordinarily more profit, more honour, and less danger. The beginning of his Prelacy was not so successful as he look'd for, so that he was often changing his profession, being weary as he said, to see things go on so slowly; but he had no reason, for he thought honours would have been shower'd down upon his head, though it came as fast as he could reasonably expect.

Pope Alexander, who had the first occasion to try him in matters of trust, did it in his Papacy, honouring and loading him with offices, till that when Monsignour Bonelli that was Nuntio in Spain, was created Cardinal; he gave that Nuntiature to Visconti, though there were others that put hard for it. But the Pope, who knew well enough the merits of the cause, declar'd Visconti Nuntio, at one blow satisfying his own inclination, and the Spaniards too, who were not displeas'd to have for their Nuntio, a Prelate not only born their Subject, but bound by many obligations to the Catholick Crown. In this Nuntiature which lasted but three years, Philip the fourth King of Spain dy'd, up∣on which occasion, the Nuntio shew'd himself both a faithfull Pastor, and a great Poli∣tician, assisting in many things with favour to the Church, and without any prejudice to the Crown of Spain. Before he ended his dayes, Alexander thought good to promote him to the Cardinalship, as well to recompence his services to the Church, as that he might not see so honourable a Family without the dignity of a Cardinal, which had had heretofore the Soveraignty of Milan.

From the advice of his Promotion resolv'd, to the news of the unhappy and dying con∣dition of the Pope, there were but few dayes past; so that (either out of his own de∣sire to be in the Conclave, or otherwise to comply with the importunity of the Spanish Ambassador at Rome, who press'd him earnestly to make hast, that the Spanish interest might be made stronger thereby) he resolv'd to take Post, and make his journey by land. But the Counsel of Madrid would not admit his Auditor to propose it, and therefore he was forc'd to stay in Spain, and expect new orders from the new Pope, with great disgust to the Ambassador at Rome.

The Spaniards caress him much, hoping he will do them some important service, as well because he is born their Subject, as because he has a particular inclination for them. He is a person of good qualities, liberal of his promises, generous to a certain proportion, for he loves not to cast away too much of his own; affable, benigne, and of such a Ma∣jesty, as appears pride outwardly, but in effect is no such thing.

INNICO CARACCIOLI a Neapolitane, although he is descended of a Noble house, and the chief of Nido in Naples; he was forc'd for all that, to dig his fortunes from under-ground, that is to say, to acquire the reputation of the Prelacy by buying of offices, and by his courtesie and obsequiousness, obliging this Popeling sometimes, and sometimes that. He is of a nature to dissemble very well, and like a true Neapoli∣tane, entertards the fury of his heart, and the ebullition of his bloud, with a counter∣feit medesty and goodness. From hence it is, some men conceive him a person of an un∣setled head, capriccious, and giddy; and indeed he will talk sometime of this thing, and sometimes of that; sometimes of the reformation, sometimes of the decorum of the Church; now he defends its frailties, anon he would be Pope, and reform them. Others will have him as honest, and as able, as his age will bear; but be it one way or the other, this is most certain, he has a heart of Steel, cover'd over with Gold, that in case of necessity, would be able to withstand all the comminations, and violences of other people, and with humility make his arguments prevail, inspight of all their con∣tradictions.

The Chigi had alwayes an affection for him, and held him imploy'd in many businesses of trust, till at last Alexander towards his latter end, either to recompence so deserving a person, or to have the office of Auditor di Camera void again, created him Cardinal, and gave him the Cap with his own hands the 16 of March 1667. injoyning him ear∣nestly to hold fair correspondency with Cardinal Chigi his Nephew, who treated him at his Pallace that day at dinner with great magnificence.

He seems to be more inclin'd to the service of Spain, than the other Neapolitane Car∣dinals, and Subjects of that Crown, have formerly been; and indeed the Spaniards reckon him in the number of their Confidents, though to his great dissatisfaction they

trust him not, as they ought to do. But many are of opinion, that he is not of an hu∣mour to continue long in that correspondence with the Spaniards, because he is suppos'd to be of the nature of the late Cardinal Filomarino, that had a perfect hatred for the Ministers of Spain, and as great an affection for the King, towards whom he carry'd himself with the greatest humility, but to his Ministers with the greatest pride. Some say 'tis better to treat with him now he is a Cardinal, than it was before, when he was but Auditor di Camera: He was then an exactor of certain punctilioes, but now he shews great ripeness and dexterity in the Congregations, perhaps with design to advance himself higher yet, when his years will make him capable. He has Kindred good store, but being all of them persons of quality, they do not trouble him; however he does not fail to assist them that are of the Church: He loves the divertisement of Comedies, and such other recreations, but so as to give no scandal, as much as he can.

GIO. DELFINI a Venetian, has alwayes express'd himself a good Prelate, and maintain'd the Ecclesiastical habit with great Decorum, in so much as that Republique taking notice of his merits, having a convenient occasion, they recommended him to Pope Alexander, who was resolv'd to do that honour to those Princes, who had for a long time a right of nominating one of their Subjects, as well as any of the Crowns. For this reason resolving not to fail in a business of that consequence, amongst the rest that were recommended, he chose Monsignor Delfini, and created him Cardinal with the rest that were recommended by the Crowns, in March 1667. his Holiness having dispatch'd Monsignor Falconieri his Chamberlain of Honour, to present him with the Cap, whose arrival was celebrated with the publique solemnity of Fire-works, Balls, and Festivals, for three dayes together; particularly the House of Delfini, that is of the antientest Nobility, made great expression of their joy, by their charity to the poor, and their Fountains running with Wine, to give the people entertainment; though to speak the truth, the Venetians are too near the Water, to be much given to Wine.

The Republique of Venice according to their usual generosity, order'd him six thou∣sand Ducats, as they are wont to give every Cardinal of that Nation, as soon as they are promoted, towards their expences, and to put them into an Equipage proportionable to their Dignity. He has as yet no great reputation at Court, but he may in a short time, having a particular way of civility, whereby he obliges all such as have any affairs with him; and he has already shewn such manifest tokens of it in some of the Con∣gregations, that he has discover'd himself to be much more capable, than the common sort of Cardinals do imagine. He has declar'd, that he will keep fair correspondence with all the Ministers that are resident in Rome, provided the interest of his Country ob∣liges him not to the contrary; for to speak truth, he bears as cordial an affection to his Country, as can be expected from the best of Subjects, postponing his private interest, to the publique service of the Senate, though he be not quite void of affection to his own. Amongst his other virtues, the modesty of his language is such, he suffers not himself to be transported to any body.

GƲIDO BALDO DE TƲN a German, and Archbishop of Salsburg, was made Cardinal at the instance of the Emperor, and by him dispatch'd with all speed to Rome, to be present at the Conclave, to fortifie the Spanish interest in the election of a new Pope. The Duke Altemps invited him to take his Lodgings in his Palace, but he excus'd himself, upon pretence that he desir'd rather to lodge in the German Colledge, where he had been sometimes a Student, and had given hopes of those excellent qualities, which he discover'd more plainly, after he had taken the Ecclesiastical habit upon him, by restraining himself as much as possibly he could, from giving any publique scandal.

The people of his Diocess hold him very honest, an excellent Pastor, and one that leaves no stone unturn'd that may make his Clergy serviceable, and assiduous in the Divine Worship. The Emperor caresses him very much, as a person of desert, and as a person of Estate; his Treasure being so vast, that upon an exigence he can furnish him abundantly, not by way of Benevolence, but Loan. The greatest defect the Germans observe in him, is his Covetousness, adhering with great affection to his own interests: yet for all that it cannot be said, that he ever committed any unworthy action, to accu∣mulate

wealth, his wayes were rational, and by frugality: Yet some Germans have told me, that upon occasion he has spent with great generosity, and especially at the Em∣presses arrival in Germany, he shew'd himself as liberal and magnificent as the best. Whilst he was but a Prelate, he distributed his Almes with a little too much temperance, but since he has been a Cardinal, his heart is enlarg'd proportionable to his Dignity: He is a person of a sound judgement, and one that traces Corruption to the bottom, though in appearance he seems no such person. But that which is more considerable is, the candor which is natural to his Countrymen; he is never transported with passion, but blames or commends people impartially, as they deserve. He is slow in his Nego∣tiations, advancing like a Tortoise, so that 'tis thought he would be a fitter Minister for Spain, than for Germany: He speaks his mind freely, and is not troubled to be contra∣dicted, provided they bring reasons enough to oppose him.

LEWIS Duke of VENDOSME a Frenchman, is descended from a Natural Son of Henry the 4th. who marrying with Frances of Lorain Dutchess of Mercoeur, had this Lewis by her. He had no great inclination to the Ecclesiastical habit, his mind running more after Matrimony, and the affairs of the World. Accordingly when he was arriv'd at a competent age, he married a Neice of Cardinal Mazarines, who was then the Dominus fac totum in France, hoping by means of his favour, to open a way to some honourable imployment. This Lady was of the same stock with Cardinal Mancini, that is now living, but lived not many years with her Husband the Duke, to whom she left two very hopefull Sons, but not old enough to know, or lament, the loss of so incomparable a Mother.

No sooner was this Lord fallen into the condition of a Widdower, but he chang'd his mind, and as when he was young, he was all for Matrimony, so now he is altogether for the Ecclesiastical habit, not in any penitential way, but only to capacitate him for the Cardinalship, which is that he has alwayes aim'd at, and with all industry endeavours. Finally, his most Christian Majesty, according to the Prerogative of his Crown, being to nominate a person in the last promotion of Alexander, presented this as a person of great merit, and fit to be an Ornament both to the Colledge and Cap; and the rather, because in his Vice-Royship in Catalonia, and in his Government of Provence, he had shewn great assiduity in his Majesties service.

A few dayes after he had receiv'd his Cap, the tydings of the languishing condition of his Holiness arriv'd; so that with directions from the King, he parted immediately for Rome, to be present at the new Conclave, where he met exactly with the rest of the French Cardinals. In this Conclave he behav'd himself with great prudence, and per∣haps more than was expected by the elder Cardinals, that had been a long time acquain∣ted with the intrigues of the Conclaves. The Election being made, he prepar'd for his return into France, but first he recommended to his Holiness, the interests of his Master, particularly in the business of the disincameration of Castro, according to the Treaty at Pisa; during his stay at Rome, he gave great evidences of his generosity, dispatching all that came to him with great satisfaction.

The Republique of Genoa, which is not backward in obliging the Subjects of his most Christian Majesty, and his Cardinals much more, endeavour'd what they could to find out away to oblige this; and being in his way at Savona, where he was complemented by the Governour with all due respect, they sent him six Corsaires of Provence, that had been condemn'd to the Galleys, and were set at liberty at the instance of that Car∣dinal, for which he express'd great satisfaction, and thankfulness to that Commonwealth. In short, this Cardinal is not to undertake any matters of great importance, though his judgement is well enough, and he manages indifferent things to a hair.

LEWIS MONCADA is a Sicilian, and the last Cardinal created by Alexander the seventh; he was promoted at the instance of the King of Spain, with three others, nominated by the Emperour, the King of France, and the State of Venice. The Spani∣ards design in the nomination of this person, was not so much to remunerate the ser∣vices he had done to that Crown upon several occasions, as that they might have in the Sacred Colledge, a Cardinal considerable both in Birth and Authority, of which the Spaniards have great need at this time, considering the lowness and languor of their con∣dition,

especially in Rome, where they are regarded by the Ecclesiasticks for nothing but the profit and authority they receive from the Catholick States, and that King: so that their authority must needs lessen, and their Revenews diminish, if the Ecclesiasticks do withdraw themselves from their affection to Spain.

He has a great reputation in the Court of Spain, but not so much for the integrity of his manners, or the goodness of his life, (for he is but a man, and subject to frailties, though he be prudent, and abstains from such scandals, as are offensive to his gravity) but for his exquisite knowledge in Government, which he signaliz'd in several charges com∣mitted to him by his Catholick Majesty. Yet he would scarce make so good a Pastor in the Government of the Church, having had but little converse in Ecclesiastical affairs, especially in certain Spiritual matters, he has had little or no occasion to know, as one that has been drawn away by matters of State Policy of greatest importance, the myste∣ries and intrigues of which, he understands very well, and will be alwayes faithfull to the Spaniard; and indeed his vigilance is so great, they must rise betimes that deceive him. It is suppos'd the intelligence betwixt him, and the Cardinal of Aragon, is not very good, which last, looking upon himself as a person that has been longer imploy'd in the affairs of that Crown, would pretend to do all; and this, who professes to act with all sincerity and affection in his Majesties service, will not be brought to condescend to re∣ceive orders from the Cardinal of Aragon; Especially their humours being different, for though they are both Spaniards born, yet one retains the manners of a Sici∣lian.

In Rome, which is the touchstone of wits, they speak not as yet either good or bad of Moncada, because they have not seen him in his Scarlet, which the Romans do very much desire. A German Lord that is acquainted with him, told me, that he is of a most extream jealous nature, not much liberal, though not much covetous, grave in his au∣diences, majestick in his words, outwardly charitable, and full of Spanish Maximes.

Here ends the Colledge of Alexanders Cardinals, who are now living, some of his Creatures being dead, as Cardinal Bagni, Pallavicino, Bandinelli, and Vecchiarelli, of which I shall speak something by the bye, because as yet their memory is fresh. In the death of Cardinal Bagni, it may be said, and said truly, the Church receiv'd no great loss, because he was so old before he receiv'd the Purple, that it was talk'd up and down in Rome, that the Cap was bestow'd on him, in hopes he would not keep it long; but in other respects his death has made a great breach in the Colledge, for he was certainly a learned man, of great experience in the Arts both of Warr and Peace; so that Alex∣ander with great judgement, not only promoted him amongst the rest, but admitted him amongst the greatest of his Confidents, and receiv'd the news of his death with great sor∣row, and affliction. The same may be said of Cardinal Bandinelli a Genoese, a person indeed of no profound learning, yet of great practice and experience in the mysteries of Court, which Alexander understood very well, when he made him a Cardinal, to the general satisfaction of the Court, that look'd upon him as worthy of the highest com∣mand; but he dying just in the nick of the vacancy of the See, depriv'd the Conclave of a person they talk'd much of at that time, and perhaps he might have succeeded. Whe∣ther the Church sustain'd any great loss by the death of Cardinal Pallavicino, may be argu'd from his qualities, for indeed he was an honest man, bent wholly upon the bene∣fit of the Church, in which he alwayes express'd great sincerity. He was very well read, both in Divinity, Morality, and speculative Philosophy, but principally in Morality; and therefore his Holiness conferr'd with him still, in all matters of Theology, and Mo∣rality, in which he was so perfect, there was not one amongst all the Cardinals did equal him His Holiness consulted him likewise in matters of State, not but that he was sen∣sible enough of his inexperience therein; but he did it to shew him honour, and to ma∣nifest his confidence in him: not sticking alwayes to his opinion, because he found him a little too rigid, and zealous for the Ecclesiastical Laws, and subject to those errors, which those persons do ordinarily fall into, who stand so stiffly to the punctilio's of reformati∣on, and will go no way but their own; and these in plain terms are they, that are ob∣stinate, and intractible in their opinions, be they good or bad. His name survives in the History of the Councel of Trent, written to the shame of what Father Paulo

Servita had publish'd; for which reason the Venetians thought themselves oblig'd to prohibit it in their Dominions. His manner of life, was like a Fryar, or rather like a Jesuite; he never visited Ladies, not so much as the Wives of Ambassadors; and therefore they consider'd him no further, than as a good Cardinal. He dy'd likewise in the vacancy of the Chair, and so poor, he scarce left wherewithal to bury him; inso∣much that Cardinal Chigi, as if he design'd to make him sensible of his liberality, even after his death, order'd a thousand Crowns to be laid out in the Celebration of this Fu∣neral, which was perform'd in the Jesuites Church: Odoardo Vecchiarelli da Ricti, that had been Auditor di Camera before his Promotion to the Cardinalship, had the honour, or good fortune, to see the Conclave, and be present at the Election of a new Pope, and afterwards to dye, which was more than Pallavicino and Bandanelli had. The death of this Cardinal was not so resented by the Court, because he was not of any extraordina∣ry parts, though otherwise well enough practis'd in the business of the world: and not altogether unskilfull in Ecclesiastical affairs, though not well enough to give Counsel, yet sufficiently to speak his mind frankly in the Congregations; but the greatest loss the Church sustain'd, was in the death of Cardinal Farnese, who at this very time, I have notice dy'd, the last Sunday but one in February 1668. but because I have said enough of him already, I shall speak no further, only that as soon as Cardinal Chigi had the news of his death, he turn'd about to his Friends that were with him, and said, Had we made Farnese Pope, as Grimaldi would have had us, we should have been now striving again to elect a new one.

And now it is time we come to Clement the ninth, and speak something of the Car∣dinals created by him: But first it will not be amiss, to premise something about his Go∣vernment of the Church, which can be no great matter, because he is but newly entred as it were into the Papacy. And certainly to apply himself wholly to business, is a most worthy humour in his Holiness: He gives Audience daily to every body, without re∣gard to the weakness or infirmities of his Nature; whilst he was Cardinal he was re∣tir'd, shun'd all conversation as much as was possible, and would admit of no imploy∣ment but his Charge; but now the Scene is chang'd, and he converses with more free∣dome; and that which is most considerable, he does not decline those persons that come to negotiate with him about publique affairs.

At the happy beginning of his Papacy, he caus'd Medals to be made, and gave them about to his Friends, with this inscription, Constantia Silveri ad imitandum proposita. Which by the Wits of the Court was interpreted thus, That as San Silverio the Pope, though depos'd from the Apostolick Chair, and for some time a Prisoner to the Empe∣ror, could never be brought to renounce any thing, that justly belong'd to his Prede∣cessor, so Clement the ninth was never to be perswaded to the discameration of Castro; and indeed it has appear'd so since, for all the art they could use, could never bring him to the execution of the Treaty at Pisa, in which it is articled, That Castro should be de∣liver'd. Nor can all the instances of the Ambassador of France, nor his pressing that that Treaty was subscrib'd by the greatest part of the Cardinals, work upon his resolutions. And yet for all this, the King of France has invited him to be a Godfather to a young Princess his Daughter. And the Pope has sent a Bull to Cardinal Vendosme, declaring him Legate a latere, and thereby qualifying him for that Function, which is to be sud∣denly perform'd with all magnificence imaginable.

This Pope would not go the way of his Predecessor Alexander, and keep his Kindred so many months out of Rome, to acquire the Epithite of Holy. Clement knew very well it was but formality, and so reckon'd by the people, and therefore that they might not be deceiv'd in him, he call'd in his Relations immediately to the Court, that is, his Bro∣ther, and his Nephews, and Nieces, assigning the same preheminences to all of them, that his Predecessors had given to theirs. True it is, there happen'd some disgusts be∣twixt the Pope, and the State of Malta; for the Pope having an eye (as was but rea∣sonable) that nothing should scape his hands, that might aggrandize his Nephews, gave to Fra Vincenzo his Nephew, (a Cavalier of Malta) the Priory of Santa Eufemia, which by Seniority belong'd to Brancacci, another of the Knights: at which, the Grand Master being disgusted, threatned to turn the Inquisitor out of the Island, and

gave him other tokens of his Resentment; but all was compos'd by the good conduct of his Holiness, in such manner, that Brancaccio was satisfi'd, by the perswasion of a Cardinal of that name, that for the Popes interest, and his Nephews, accommo∣dated all.

The Nobility of his Holiness, and the Family of the Rospigliosi, is as considerable as the City of Pistoia can make it; it is reckon'd amongst the most antient of that place, and has not o••••y maintain'd it self in the principal Honours that Town could afford, and ally'd it self with Families their equals, but has in all ages afforded eminent men in Tuscany, and elsewhere, so as it may well stand in competition with any that enveighs it, in several respects; his Holiness however, aims to aggrandize his Family in spight of them all, especially in the person of the new Cardinal his Nephew, whom we shall yet consider as Abbot Rospigliosi; and indeed, there are many Provisions and Offices suspen∣ded till the said Abbot arrives in Rome, who by unhappy accident sell sick by the way; all people being big with expectation, parturiunt montes, but they know not whether they may say, nascetur ridiculus Mus, or laugh out as is hop'd, nascetur ingens Elephas.

His Holiness in the mean time, being alwayes intent upon the easing and indulging of the people under his Care, has order'd it to be publish'd in all the Parishes, and to all the Ecclesiastick Ministers within the district of Rome, that the several Diocesans be call'd, to the end that if they find themselves aggriev'd by the Roman Barons; or other Go∣vernours, they should appeal immediately to him, and he would relieve them with all possible justice But all was but shew, as many believ'd, it being the property of the Romans to complain, with excess of ill Government, and to call what is good, but Hypo∣crisie; so that this benignity of his Holiness, was look'd upon but as a Copy of his Countenance. He was reported likewise to be too easie in granting favours to the Ladies, but that report was rais'd upon the Lady Marchess of Paleotti's prevailing (by her insinuations, and the prettiness of her discourse) with his Holiness to bestow upon her Father the Duke of Nortumbia, a Pension of five hundred Crowns a year, with this additional favour, that it might be paid from time to time by the Congrega∣tion de propaganda side. From this bounty of the Popes, the Romans took occasion to say, that his Holiness was very ready to gratifie the Ladies in any thing; but the con∣trary appears in the person of the very same Lady, who thinking to find the same easi∣ness as she did in the Pension, she adventur'd so far as to desire to be divorc'd from her Husband; but she found his Holiness impenetrable as to that, who reproving her for her demand, sent her away much discontented.

The Pope was highly accus'd upon the resolution he took as soon as he was leap'd into the Vatican, to confirm the Invenstiture of the Prefectship of Rome, given by Ʋrban the eighth to Don Tadco, and to his third Generation, although Innocent and Alexander, his Predecessors, had refus'd to confirm the same to Don Ma••t••o his Son, the Prince of Palestrina; however Clement was willing to gratifie him, in remembrance of the obligations he had alwayes profess'd to the Barbarini, but with this condition not∣withstanding, that the said Prefect should give place to the Ambassadors of Crowns only, allowing them precedence not only before all Roman Barons, but even before the Popes Nephews pro tempore. A business that did not please the Barons at all, and gave great disgust to the Historiographers, who all of them knowing this Minister to be a second Emperor, and that all the former Popes (except Ʋrban for his own interest) had endeavour'd, out of a politick maxime, to abolish the very memory of it, did wonder to see Clement confirming it, at his very first entrance into the Chair.

The first of his Nephews that came to Rome, were two, one of them call'd Fra Vin∣cenzo a Knight of Malta, and the other Tomaso: They were persons of no great noise, but resolute, modest, courteous, and full of humility, in a word, not unlike their Unckle in their modesty, who though he had call'd them to Rome, declar'd notwithstanding that he would not suffer them to fix their Families in Rome, nor take any other Titles upon them, than what belong'd to their Births: But that resolution was of no long continu∣ance, for he left them at liberty to their Titles, and whatever preheminence they pleas'd,

in so much that his Holiness one day did solemnly rebuke Seignour Giacinto del Bufalo, Mastro di Camera to Fra. Vincent, because he had made Gio. Battista Vallasi to stay at dinner with the said Cavalier, and his brother, as a person that not being of Noble Ex∣traction, did not deserve to dine with his Holinesses Nephews; a clear sign he intended to render them Majestique: having given likewise eighty thousand Crowns toward the furnishing of Ludovisi's Pallace, designed for the residence of the Nephews, besides thirty thousand he sent the Abbot at one time, and above fifty thousand at another, to help to defray his charges in his Journey.

I shall now pass to the Promotion of Cardinals by Clement the ninth, about the end of Decemb. 1667. and the first that presents himself, is Prince Leopald di Medici brother to the Grand Duke. Whilst Alexander was living, several instances were made to him, that he would do the Colledge of Cardinals that honour, as to bestow a Cap upon such a Prince as this, of a Family that was of a Neighbour State, and had deserv'd well of the Church; but Alexander reserving it for his Successor, deny'd himself that glory: as it happen'd after∣wards indeed; for no sooner was Clement got into the Vatican, but, either moved by the na∣tural merit of his person, or by a desire to do good, he declar'd he would promote the said Prince Leopald to the Cardinalship, without attending the Grand Dukes mediation; which fell out afterwards, but rather to preserve I know not what kind of right of nomination the Grand Duke pretended to, than for any thing else. The Popes having ordinarily contended to satisfie the instances of the Great Dukes, by the Promotion of some person of the house of Medici, as well for the benefit of the Church, as the State Ec∣clesiastick.

From this new Prince Cardinal, and call'd Cardinal in quality of a Prince, there can be nothing expected but good actions, favourable, propitious, and equitable to the com∣mon good of Italy, as the rest of the Cardinals of the house of Medici's, have upon all occasions express'd: particularly Gio. Carlo, and Carlo that dyed last, who with great prudence promoted the advantage of all Italy, as zealously, as the benefit of their own Families: so that it is believed this Cardinal will not prove inferiour, either to his Unckle, or Brother, as having, besides his generosity and natural Majesty, talents suffi∣cient for the management of State affairs; besides a competent skill in matters Ecclesi∣astick and Military; but in the first especially, as having from his youth been curious in History, and very serious in making reflections to his advantage. In a word there can∣not, nor ought not any thing to be said, but that this Cardinal is a great and most excel∣lent Prince.

GIACOMO ROSPIGLIOSI is his Holinesses Nephew, with that Title created Car∣dinal, and which is of more importance, Cardinal Padrone; he is the eldest Son of Seignour Camillo Rospigliosi, the Popes Brother, a person that deserves to be Brother to the greatest Monarch in the Universe. The great expressions of joy that he made at the exaltation of his Brother, was nothing but a liberal distribution of provisions to the poor, benignity and charity to the distressed, being his natural endowments; nor was it the poor of Pistoia only, that participated of his alms, but the poor of the whole Eccle∣siastical State almost, for in his journey from Pistoia to Rome, he dispens'd so largely amongst them all, that it was much admir'd from whence that Treasure should come; which indeed was his own, for he had not began to suck the honey of the Church.

In the Castle of Gondolfo, which was the first place in which he presented himself to his Holiness, his Magnificence and Piety to the Poor, and to the Religious, was most conspicuous; for besides, that at his arrival he open'd the prisons, dismiss'd the Debtors, and with his own money satisfy'd their debts; he restor'd those Criminals that were re∣strain'd upon any honourable accounts, and reliev'd all such of the poor, as were in∣clin'd by the great noise, and report of his Charity, to come to that place, having re∣liev'd the Church of the Mendicants in like manner, so that the acclamations were too great to be express'd in Paper: many there were nevertheless, that thought all this but hypocrisie, and a design upon the popular applause, that he might afterwards have the management of the Treasure of the Church with more liberty; and this opinion in∣creas'd much, when it was consider'd that in the beginning he deny'd to go so suddenly to Rome, that he had refus'd to take the charge of General of the Holy Church upon him,

which was usually conserr'd upon the Brother, or next Kinsman to the Pope; and upon his refusal, it was accepted by the Duke of Sermoneta, who out of his natural bounty offer'd to execute it without pay, and to set out that for the payment of the debts of the Chamber: yet he alter'd his mind nevertheless, and got possession of the said command, and of all the other opulent offices that were vacant by the death of Don Mario Chigi. But be things as they will, he is most certainly a generous, charitable, and noble person, and as yet not so much given to covetousness as several others are.

The Mother of the Cardinal, and Wife to Don Camillo, of the house Cellisi, and own Sister to the Cavalier Cellisi, of the order of Malta, is a Lady of good judgement, and well experienc'd in the Government of her own Family; but being born in a pittifull Ci∣ty, out of all courtship, and entertainment, she seems to be discompos'd with the multi∣tude of her visits, so that the Nephews do strive to instruct and render her the more gen∣tile a Princess, which thing is feasible enough, for Donna Beruice Wife to Don Mario, had no better breeding than this Lady when she came first to Rome, and yet in a short time she became so exquisite in all the formalities of the Court, that she out did all them that were born in Rome.

The Cardinal has three Brothers besides, the first is Vincenzo, a Knight of Malta, about thirty years old, of indifferent parts, civil, and something Lordly in his deport∣ment. The second is Don Thomaso, about twenty five years of age, but not so crafty as his Brother, though his humour be busie and cunning likewise. The other Brother that is but young, is called Don Gregorio, who without doubt in time will be the most skilfull of any of them in the affairs of Rome, as having opportunity to acquaint himself there∣with, even now in his youth. It is believ'd if his Holiness lives another year, he will without fail make one of these three a Cardinal, as Ʋrban the eight did, who notwith∣standing all the Decres of the Councels, created two Brothers Cardinals; but in those dayes they thought of-nothing but heaping up wealth without measure. The Cardinal has two Sisters likewise, one of them marryed to a Nobleman of the house of Pangiatici, and the other, to a Noble man of the house of Banchieri, whom they likewise instruct in the manners of the Court.

The Abbot Rospigliosi had alwayes a particular inclination to follow the Ecclesiastical habit, and the person of his Unckle, who being admitted into the Prelacy, began to make himself taken notice of for a person of great hopes; and on the other side his Unckle, who had alwayes a great affection for his Brother Don Camillo, who had alrea∣dy a numerous Family; to ease him of those cares that Sons do usually give their Pa∣rents, and that he might have one of his own blood to be near him, for his Confident, and that he might instruct him in publick affairs, he writ to his Brother Camillo, that he should send Giacomo his eldest Nephew to him; which he did, and he arriv'd in his Unckles Palace, in a very youthfull and brisk age.

About this time Monsignour Rospigliosi being declar'd Nuntio to Spain, was in great doubt whether he should carry his Nephew along with him so young, for he was not then past 15; but knowing the good Genius of his Nephew very well, and that he was given to no vice that might rob him of the bounty of his Unckle; but that on the other side, his age being consider'd, he was endu'd with a modest gentleness, that gave him great hopes: being advis'd therefore by his friends, and dispos'd by his own inclinations, he resolv'd to take him along, with intention to improve his studyes at Salamanca: and indeed he was no sooner arriv'd in Spain, but he sent him thither, where he took his de∣gree of Doctorship before came away.

Rospigliosi being created Cardinal, and first Secretary of State, and being return'd from Spain, took his Nephew Giacomo with him, employing him first in drawing Let∣ters of no great importance; for great business he deserv'd wholly to himself. In brief, this Abbot whilst he bore that Title, as young as he was, did great honour to his Unckles Family; who slipt no opportunity on his side to advance him, as he did in making him Cupbearer to Cardinal Chigi, in which employment, he gain'd much upon the affections of Chigi, who held him for a youth of no ordinary knowledge. About this time the accident happen'd to the Duke of Crequy, of which we have spoke sufficiently before: and Chigi having satisfy'd his Unckle the Pope, that it was necessary to send some

person of worth to the French Ambassador that was then retir'd to Saint Quirico, in the Grand Dukes Dominions; the Abbot Rospigliosi was pitch'd upon, both by the Pope and his Nephew, to be the man into whose hands they would put the first overtures of ac∣commodation; so that from hence may be argued the opinion the Court had of him, when they dispatch'd him immediately with their Orders, or rather their necessary Me∣moires, as may be seen in the following Letter written by the Cardinal, to the Ambassa∣dor, who was then at Quirico, as aforesaid.

Most Illustrious, and most Excellent Lord,

I Ʋnderstand by Mounsieur Burlemont, and by word of mouth from the Tuscan Am∣bassador, that your Excellence has receiv'd from his most Christian Majesty an ample faculty and power in order to the composure of what has happen'd by the exorbitance of the Corsies, and that if a person were sent from hence to understand his Majesties resolutions, they should immediately be imparted; upon this information, which his Holiness receiv'd with very great pleasure. I have dispatch'd my Cup bearer, the Abbot Rospigliosi, to re∣ceive from your Excellence what part you shall think fit to communicate of his Majesties mind and desires, not doubting but they are such, as will evidence to the World his Ma∣jesties great piety, and your Excellences most singular prudence and respect towards the Holy See, as Mounsieur Burlemont has assur'd me: To the end I may have a happy oppor∣tunity of operating with his Holiness for his Majesties service, as I am bound to do alwayes to my utmost, I beseech your Excellence to believe whatever the said Abbot sayes of my desire to serve you. And thus committing the rest to him, I do with all my heart kiss your Excellences hands.

Rome the 3d. of Octob. 1662.

The Ambassador receiv'd the Abbot very kindly, but entred not into any discourse with him about the Accommodation, upon pretence that he could not negotiate with him, he having brought no Orders along with him from his Holiness to that purpose. His answer to the Cardinal was thus.

Most Eminent, and most Reverend Lord,

I Have receiv'd your Eminences Letter, which you were pleas'd to write to me the third instant, from the hands of Seignor Abbot Rospigliosi, but it appearing to me, he had no Order from his Holiness to treat with me about satisfaction due to the King my Master, I could not believe I had any opportunity of entring into any such debate with him: I have desir'd the Abbot to assure your Eminence of my just intentions, and so I most humbly kiss your hands.

Whilst things were thus tending to a composure, the Abbot was declar'd Inter∣nuntio to Brussels, having been alwayes inclin'd to hold a good correspondence with the Spaniard, ever since he was so long in Spain: It being in his way to Brussels, Cardinal Chigi carry'd him along with him in his Legation to France, in which journey he did the Cardinal good service, and gave great satisfaction to the French. The Spaniards esteem'd very well of him at Brussels, in as much as in the management of his Charge, he gave particular evidence of his prudence.

About this time the Cardinals Unckle being advanc'd to the Papacy, and he having dispatches and advices from all parts, but particularly from the Great Duke, who sent a Courier with all speed on purpose, who was receiv'd with that affection by the Abbot, that he gave him not only a Billet for a thousand Ducats, but a Carcanet of Gold worth five hundred Crowns, and a purse of fifty Ducats for his journey. But he would not stir from Brussels without order from his Holiness, who being resolv'd to imploy him in the Peace betwixt the two Crowns, that were in a new rupture of late. He commanded the said Abbot his Nephew, to negotiate with his most Christian Majesty about the differences in Flanders, and the rather, because the Spaniards did earnestly beg it of the Pope. The Abbot went accordingly into France, and that sooner for the convenience of

his passage, than to begin his Negotiations, which requir'd great time and assiduity. His Majesty receiv'd him with all imaginable benignity, giving Orders that he should be treated like a Nephew of the regnant Pope: and it is most certain, that his passage from Brussels to Rome, was like a continued triumph almost, all Ambassadors, Ministers of Princes, and Prelates, making him their Visits. He fell sick by the way, and was forc'd for some time to take up at Susa, where he experimented the generosity of the Royal House of Savoy. The Cardinal Antonio that was then passing into France, and had shewn his affection to the person of the Abbot in Rome, having left a deed of resignati∣on of the Arch-Priestship of Santa Maria Maggiore, and the Prefecture of the signa∣ture of Grace, in favour of the said Rospigliosi, he past from Savona to Susa to visit him, and to communicate some important affairs with him: being something recover'd, though still feavourish, he embarqu'd upon the River Poc, in his voyage to Rome, be∣cause his Holiness expected him with impatience, being desirous to make him a Cardinal suddenly, as it followed; for as soon as he was arrived at Rome, and received with all possible magnificence, he staid but a few days before he was created Cardinal, with the Title of Padrone, and with all due preheminence.

His Holiness left him not so large an authority as he would have had, with which he was not over-well satisfy'd: he endeavour'd by all means to cashier all those that were in favour with his Unkle, that he himself might remain absolute; as it appear'd a while since, when coming to make his Holiness a visit, his Holiness askt him what they said of him in the Court; To which he reply'd immediately, that he was applauded in eve∣ry thing, but one, and that was, that he was too prodigal of his favours to Paulus Strada, which the said Paul sold afterwards at a very dear rate: His Holiness with a severe brow returned him this answer, That he wondred he would be the Messenger of such news, Strada being the best Minister he ever had yet, that he could not believe Strada would do such unjust things; and that otherwise he took great pleasure in Strada's advantages: To which he subjoyn'd, (and indeed that was it that netled the Cardinals) That if he himself who was his Nephew, would have any favour from him, he should sooner obtain it by the intercession of Paulus Strada: At which words the Cardinal shrinking up his shoulders, departed very melancholly, that he could not compass his designs. However he cannot complain that he has not full liberty to aggrandize and ••n∣rich himself; because, no sooner is any good Benesice or Abbey void, but 'tis immedi∣ately bestow'd on him: and indeed he is already so well provided, that let his Holiness dye as soon as he pleases, he is sure to be left rich enough. The Romans that are al∣ways prying upon the actions of the Nephews, are better pleas'd with the Father than with the Son; and this is most certain, that in charity, and in his charge, Don Camillo exceeds him far. It seem'd strange to the Court to see the said Cardinal going abroad at first dash with Cardinal Sigismond Chigi and Don Agostino in his Coach, without any other Cardinal or Prelate: whereas at first, the Cardinal Nephews appear with great trains of Principal persons, and not with inferiour Cardinals: from hence they inferr the lowness of his mind: But the wiser sort see well enough into the design, which is, that both Unkle and Nephew are resolv'd to tye an indivisible knot betwixt the two Fa∣milies, and to render themselves invincible to the rest, by redoubling of marriages. And of this dayly proof is to be seen, his Holiness having commended the friendship of the Chigi to all his own friends, perswading them they are bound to kiss the place where the Chigi set their feet.

As far as may be guest by outward appearance, 'tis a great trouble to the Cardinal that he has so many Brothers, because the multitude of Nephews lessens the authority he would have wholly to himself; insomuch that there has been already some disgusts betwixt him, and his Brother Vincenzo, about I know not what reducement of the Light-horse, Vincenzo telling him with some bitterness, that it did not belong to him to wind and insinuate himself into such affairs, seeing he did not concern himself in Ec∣clesiastick; But the greatest obstacle in his Eyes, is Paulus Strada; for to speak truth, his Holiness consults him from morning to night, and follows his advice as if he were an Oracle.

The Ministers of Princes that are resident in Rome, have not yet had experience of the

Cardinals worth in business: for knowing that his Holiness follows other peoples advice, and not his Nephews, they apply themselves immediately to the Pope, till they shall see the Cardinal a little more setled in his Padronancy; but the Cardinal being naturally am∣bitious of authority, thrusts himself many times upon things he is not call'd to: and his Holiness to satisfie him, more than any thing else, gives him liberty to give audience to some of the Ministers of Princes; which he performs, both receiving, and dispatching them with very good Complements, in which he abounds perhaps beyond any of the antientest Courtiers; whereupon an Ambassador from a King being in discourse about this Cardinal Padrone, said, That he believ'd his Eminences virtues consisted not ••n any thing besides complements and fair words; To which it was reply'd, That he would have made a better Master of the Coremonies, than Cardinal Padrone.

He is of an humour very contrary to Cardinal Chigi, who shuns all business that may disorder his mind, betaking himself only to his recreations, and leaving the most diffi∣cult affairs to be dispatch'd by other people; whereas Rospigliosi on the other side, (though he be not so void of humanity, but that he loves likewise to pass the time ho∣nourably, and divert himself as well as other people) yet he would g••••dly have all diffi∣cult affairs go thorough his hands, and be thought the person of greatest authority, which may happen for ought I know in a short time; because his Holiness will not fail to lay upon him as many of his troublesome affairs as he can undertake, as well for the ease of his own age and indisposition, as to give opportunity to his Nephew to do all, which is the only thing he desires.

A few dayes since he made his solemn Cavalcade to go and take possession of his Arch-Priestship of Santa Maria Maggiore, and a while after his Holiness introduc'd him in∣to the Signatura di gratia; open'd his mouth (as the custom is) in the Publick Con∣sistory, and gave him the Title of San Sisto, which his said Holiness had himself when he was a Cardinal. But at the same time hemet with some kind of dissatisfaction, because his Holiness being desirous to accomodate his Adjutants of the Chamber, gave order to the Datary, to dispatch upon the first vacancy, Bulls for 200 Crowns a piece, to the three Chamberlains; and one of them of 1300 Crowns falling void, the Datary drew the said three Bulls, and afterwards another for the remaining 700 Crowns, in favour of Rospigliosi; which his Holines observing, order'd the Bull for the 700 Crowns to be torn, and that the three other, one of 200 for Cardinal Nini, another of 200 for Azolini, and a third of 300 for the Datary himself, should be paid: of which Rospigliosi had no reason to complain; for the Pope, 'tis true, takes away the Crums as it were that would be lost betwixt his teeth, but he gives him the substantial Morse••s which will stick by the Ribs, and satiate the Appetite, whereas the other do but provoke it.

The Cardinals have not that affliction, and perplexity they were us'd to have in the beginning of other Popes Pontificates, when they were constrain'd to be subject to cer∣tain Cardinal Nephews, who by their inexperience, knew not which way so much as to honour the Sacred Colledge. And truly it is above 10•• years since any Pope had a Car∣dinal Nephew so well practis'd, and of so mature an age; for other Nephews never sur∣pass'd 25, and this is 35 at least; and which is more, most of them has been imploy'd in instructing himself in the most considerable affairs of Court; he being a person alwayes very curious in matters of State. There is a great desire in him of gaining the good word of the people, and to keep fair correspondence with the Roman Princes, though as yet it is not known upon what design. The unhappy rupture betwixt the Palestrina, and Don Agostino, in the Pallace of Don Camillo, set the Cardinal Padrone a work, (without shewing any interest or partiality) to endeavour to pacifie them; and having confin'd them both to their houses, he sent the Marquiss Luigi Matt••i to negotiate the peace, which follow'd indeed, but so, that it is suppos'd there will alwayes be some difference betwixt those two persons, about precedence.

The Cardinal took some distast at this accident, and amongst some of his Domesticks, spake with some heat in defence of Don Agostino, which being understood by the Prince Palestrina, he also gave out some expressions of resentment, upbraiding the Car∣dinal of ingratitude; but it was in private, amongst his most intimate friends: and in∣deed the Rospigliosi must needs own more obligation to the house of Barbarini, than to

the Chigi, because Ʋrban the eight, was the first that open'd the door to the honour of the present Pope; and Francisco Barbarino was a great favourer of him in the time of In∣nocent the tenth, using all his art to advance him into some great office; whereas Alex∣ander gave him only a Cap: for which the house of Chigi have been paid in their own Coin, in Don Sigismonds having another, with this difference only, that Alexander gave his Cap to one that had serv'd the Church with great honour for a long time, and that he could not but promote him, without doing an affront both to himself and the Church: whereas Clement gave the Cap to a Youth, who though he was indeed qua∣lify'd very well; yet he had no merit, nor any service to promote him, but meerly the good fortune to be Nephew to the Pope. But be it how it will, there is great likely∣hood the Rospigliosi, will be more for the Chigi, than the Barbarini; though in the Con∣clave Cardinal Barbarino bestirr'd himself much more for Rospigliosi, than Cardinal Chigi did.

The Spaniards having observ'd him a little too favourable to the French Ambassador, begin to be a little jealous of the Cardinal Padrone, as doubting his journey into France where he was so honourably receiv'd, may have corrupted his mind, and cool'd that affection he had alwayes for Spain; which it is possible may be true: yet the most learned, are of opinion he runs along with the Fide, not caring to ingage in disputes; and will do what he can to have a suck at the honey without the sting, and the rather, because he will not budge from the Councels and designs of his Unckle the Pope; for this is most certain, he that has the Pope on his side, has his Nephew also, unless something hap∣pens that renders his Holiness infirm, and then the Cardinal is Commander in chief. The Avignon Ambassadors that came out of France, to congratulate his Holiness, had their conference with the Cardinal Nephew, who was declar'd Legat of Avignon, a Ti∣tle that he receiv'd with the highest satisfaction, and express'd it, by a most magnificent Feast. All the time of this Carnival, this Cardinal had great entertainments in his house, to which he invited most part of the Prelates of the Court; and Don Camillo did the same, with design to delight the people by their Comedies and Musick, for which, his Holiness had order'd ten thousand Crowns to be disburs'd; yet there wanted not those that libell'd their liberality, but without reason, for they distributed great store of Alms amongst the poor, that they might have their share in the Carnival: and besides they paid off all the Workmen which were imploy'd about Don Camillo's house, a thing which the Relations of other Popes never did willingly; but with great clutter and noise, they would make them be contented with half what was due. So that thus far all goes well enough, seeing the Air of Rome changes not now the nature of persons, as it has for∣mer••y done many times.

SIGISMONDO CHIGI has the last place amongst the Cardinals, as he that was last promoted by Clement, with the Title of Santa Maria in Dominica: he is Brother to Don Agostino, and Cousin by consequence to Cardinal Chigi. Don Agostino sus∣pecting he would marry, and by dividing the Estate, weaken the fortune of the Family, he labour'd night and day to make him a Cardinal, by that means to quiet his mind, which every body began to be afraid of; but in this point Alexander would not gratifie him, either that he would not put a Youth of his age into the Sacred Colledge, or that he otherwise presag'd what did afterwards follow. In short, he left him in a little ob∣scurity, but provided with Abbeys and Pensions good Store. Clement the ninth, as soon as he was receiv'd to the Papacy, as well for the obligations he alwayes profess'd to Alexander, and the house of Chigi, as also because it was become an usual custom in the Church, for the Pope to resign his Cap, to the Relation of that Pope that promoted him: and there being no other person of the Family of the Chigi's capable of the Car∣dinalship, he resolv'd to place his Habit upon the shoulders of this young Lord, thereby obliging at one stroke all the Relations of the late Pope; but especially Don Agostino, and Cardinal Chigi, to see their party re-inforc'd again by a new Cardinal, inspight of all those, who envious of their good fortune, desir'd to see that Family the most incon∣siderable of all the Papal Familyes.

If the age of this Cardinal be seriously consider'd (who to difference him from the other Chigi, was call'd Sigismond, as is usual amongst the Barbarini, amongst whom,

one only bears the name of the Family, the others distinguishing themselves by their Christian names) it will appear a defect in his Holiness to introduce amongst so many reverend and grave Cardinals, a Youth that had not then reach'd nineteen years. But if on the other side, the wit, and judgement, and virtue of the young man be consider'd, the resolution is not so much to be condemn'd: his Holiness in that case may answer with the Ambassador who was upbraided by his youth, That Virtue consisted not in the Beard. And would to God that all the Cardinals that are created with their white Beards, were but as well provided with judgement and zeal, as this young Gentleman that has nothing to be charg'd with, but his minority.

In the year 1660. his Unckle Alexander the Pope sent for him to Rome, (being as yet but about twelve years of age) about the same time that the Cardinals Sister appear'd there, and that to take away all occasion of jealousie; because he saw the branch of Don Mario was well enough pleas'd to see the Sister of Cardinal Chigi entertain'd li••e Princesses of the Popes own blood, to the end that he might not suspect himself less be∣lov'd by Don Agostino his Cousin, though he solicited might and main, to have the youn∣ger Brother to Rome, out of a desire to put him into the Clergy.

Don Mario, and the Cardinal were much pleas'd, to see this little Nipotisme at Rome, and Don Agostino forc'd himself to dissemble the jealousie, that lay gnawing in his Breast, and to caress his Cousins with all appearances of joy to see them there. The Pope himself that distributed his favours indifferently, could not but rejoyce to see Si∣gismond in his his presence, and so like his brother in his features. At his first arrival, he ask'd him several questions, to which he answer'd so appositely, his Unckle was as well satisfy'd with his replyes, that he wept for very tenderness, and gave immediate orders he should be furnish'd with such experienc'd Masters, as might instruct him in all manner of learning.

The people of Rome were much surpris'd to see the disparity of humours in these two brothers Agostino and Sigismondo, and that they should love one another so intirely, when the one was as proud as the other was humble. And indeed Agostino, (either be∣cause his present felicity had made him forget his primitive condition, or that the levity of his nature, produc'd higher thoughts in his heart) is so lofty and high, he will scarce vouchsafe to salute those again that salute him, though otherwise he is civil enough, and gentile in his conversation, if not with every body, at least with his friends; but he begins now to abate a little, but without desertion of his ordinary Grandeur, because he ob∣serves his Holiness so much affected to the house of Chigi. Don Sigismond however has another way, and has pleas'd himself still to converse familiarly with all people, and ci∣villy to salute the ordinariest person about the Pope; but with Majesty enough too, which makes him be belov'd, and respected, not as a Nephew of the Popes only, but as a per∣son of worth.

He was alwayes observ'd to be highly prudent, but especially at the death of his Unckle, when the people being inrag'd against the Family of Chigi, ran up and down the Streets exclaiming against them in such bitter language, that the Chigi being netled, threatned nothing but revenge upon the persons that were the occasions of those insolen∣cies. But Sigismond who had ambition after the Cardinalship, dissembled all, and kept himself from all such discourse, that he might have no occasion to quarrel, and this he did either out of the design aforesaid, or out of the na∣tural benignity, wherewith he is so abundantly stor'd. The truth is, the branch of Don Agostino had no reason to be troubl'd at the people, for they troubl'd themselves not much either with him, nor his brother Sigismond; but rather with Don Mario and the Cardinal, against whom their Insolencies ran very high: but for all this, all things are quiet, and they seeing the inclination of the present Pope to that Family, the people do now honour and esteem them more than ever. In this Scene there were many extrava∣gancies to be seen, the nature of Metamorphoses being too obvious at Rome; for Cle∣ment, either that he reserv'd his other designs, or that he counterfited, to the end that he might not draw upon himself the odium of the People, by the defence of a Family they hated so much; at the beginning of the Pontificate he pretended a longius ire, and abstain'd from conferring any honour, or shewing the least appearance of affection to

the Chigi, in so much that it was the general discourse of the City, that Don Mario was thinking to retire to Siena, Don Agostino and Don Sigismond to Riccia, and Cardinal Chigi under pretence of visiting his Abbeys, would withdraw himself from Court for some time in discontent: whereupon many of the Wits went up and down the Streets dispersing of these Inscriptions.

SEDENTE CLEMENTE NONO, PONTIFICE OPTIMO MAXIMO, NOVO ROMANAE REIPƲBLICAE REPARA∣TORE, DE CHISIO SEMINE TARQƲINII PƲBLICAE QƲIETIS, APERTO JANO AB ƲRBE EXƲLARƲNT. Anno Domini 1667.

Of all these extravagancies of fortune, Don Agostino, who is the least hated by the people, felt the most trouble, as holding now all his hopes desperate, of ever seeing his Brother Sigismond a Cardinal, upon which all his designs depended. Cardinal Chigi that had got all the money all this while, did but laugh, or at least pretend to laugh at the business, expecting to see the fury of the people, to cool by degrees, as it did in a short time; his Holiness with great prudence taking off some of the Gabels, made them forget their animosity to the Chigi, who were the Authors of laying them on. How∣ever there were thousands of Libels and Satyrs flew abroad, against Don Mario and the Cardinal his Son, but not one against Don Agostino, or his Brother: But as soon as Don Mario dyed, the odium of the people dyed with him, and seem'd to be buried in his Grave. About the same time his Holiness began to shew his partiality to the Family of the Chigi, giving Don Sigismond hopes of a Cap, and turning his ear to the proposition of Matrimony, betwixt the Princess Chigi, and his Holiness his Nephew, which is be∣liev'd already concluded, or at least in a very fair way.

The people rejoyc'd exceedingly at the promotion of Don Sigismond, and much more than the Family of the Chigi did expect. Seignor Agostino, and Cardinal Chigi, solem∣niz'd it with great Feasts, as well to express their own joy, as to comply with the congra∣tulations of other people. The Visits were innumerable, and the whole World amaz'd at the Magnificence. The Ambassadors, Cardinals, Prelates, and Noblemen of Rome, though the most of them were acquainted with him when he was but a private person, yet upon this occasion they took no ordinary delight, to see with what Majesty and Decorum his new Cardinalship receiv'd his Visits, corresponding with every body, and satisfying them not so much with multiplicity, as with the materiality of his Complements, which is a quality remarkable in him ever since his coming to Rome.

It is generally believ'd he will be assiduous in the Congregations, because he has shewn himself so in his Domestick and Scholastick Exercises; besides which he gives great signs of good nature and affection, in whatever he undertakes, nor are the poor in the last place with him; he is often seen in publick, as if he took delight to ostentate his Purple: yet he does it not out of pride, being as humble as is necessary, and no more. He speaks his mind freely, but is never transported, correcting himself still when he finds himself in the wrong, which he is in but very seldom, In short, he would do all that is possible, would he but endeavour to suppress certain passionate effluctions from his youth, that make him ambitious of being thought the best Cardinal in the Court, that he may arrive at a higher fortune thereby. The Spaniards caress him, and begin to make use of their Statagems to get him over to their party, which may be compass'd in several respects, but especially because Don Agostino is a F••udatary to the Empire.

It will be now necessary we expect the success of the other promotions of Clement the ninth, whose intention of filling the Sacred Colledge with persons of Eminency as well in Name as in Action, is honourable and good: he has declar'd he will be very vigilant, that no passion of his may adumbrate that Holy resolution, but to speak the truth, there have been infinite of other Popes that have arriv'd at the Vatican with the same thoughts, who in a short time have alter'd their minds, and chosen their Cardinals winking, if not blindfold, suffering themselves to be overswayed by their own passions, or by their Nephews. The World is certainly corrupt all over, and inferiour people

prevail sooner for Preferments, than their superiours, especially in Rome, where the Ec∣clesiasticks are but men as in other places.

The Court murmurs exceedingly to see so many deserving persons stand idle with∣out imployment, and yet his Holiness has taken many Offices from some, to bestow them upon others, according as Cardinal Albici advises him, who has a great share in his affection. There are two reasons may be the cause of it, either that the number of the meritorious is very great, or his Holinesses capacity of discerning them very small: Let it be which way it will, 'tis our duty to pray to God to inspire him with judgement to select persons of piety for the service of the Church, and that he will fill up the Sacred Colledge with Cardinals, illustrious by their Blood, their Virtues, and their Bounty.