A treatise of religion & learning and of religious and learned men consisting of six books, the two first treating of religion & learning, the four last of religious or learned men in an alphabetical order ... / by Edward Leigh ...

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Title
A treatise of religion & learning and of religious and learned men consisting of six books, the two first treating of religion & learning, the four last of religious or learned men in an alphabetical order ... / by Edward Leigh ...
Author
Leigh, Edward, 1602-1671.
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London :: Printed by A.M. for Charles Adams ...,
1656.
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Subject terms
Religion -- Early works to 1800.
Learning and scholarship.
Literature -- History and criticism.
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http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A47630.0001.001
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"A treatise of religion & learning and of religious and learned men consisting of six books, the two first treating of religion & learning, the four last of religious or learned men in an alphabetical order ... / by Edward Leigh ..." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A47630.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 6, 2024.

Pages

CHAP. VI. Of the Reformed Religion.

THe people of God which are called and come out of Babylon need not a new plantation of a Church, but a Reformation only.* 1.1 In which respect the term of the Reformed Churches is very fit and godly, and the proceed∣ing accordingly. Whereas the course of the Anabaptists, and all such as

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either begin all anew, or averre such Assertions as do necessarily imply it, is not only preposterous, but exceeding sinfull and erroneous. Johnsons Christian Plea, pag. 137.

Gerhard in his Catholick Confession, lib. 1. General. part. 1. cap. 4. saith, That Luther in his work of Reformation, Non fuisse novi alicujus dogmatis inventorem, sedantiquae fidei assertorem; nec fuisse novae Ecclesiae autorem, sed pristinae repur∣gatorem. Junius noster dicere solebat, Papistas ita in fundamentis errare, ut à funda∣mentis non aberrarent, cui ego plane assentio. Walaei Epistolae Antonio Walaeo Hugo Grotio.

Gerhard in his first General Book of his Catholick Confession, chap. 6. speaks of Luther the instrument of Reformation, and chap. 7. of the occasion of Reforma∣tion, the immoderate extolling of the Popes indulgences, and the excessive gain of those that vented them.

The Prophet Zachary saith, The man whose name is the Branch, he shall build the Temple of the Lord: Because, 1. The Temple is Christs house, Matth. 16.18. Heb. 3.6. 2. Christ hath undertaken this work.

* 1.2This appears in the work of Reformation, because they which were the chief Reformers did not communicate their counsels to one another; and likewise if we consider the instruments, by Luther a Monk, and other mean men in Germany, and by Edward the 6th a childe in England, and by a woman Q. Elizabeth, that such a glorious work should be effected.

Also if we observe how our cause from the beginning against the will of Empe∣rours, and m••••y Kings, maugre the malice of Popes, hath taken increase, and by little and little pread into all Countreys.

Quibus armis obsecro vos intra annos 58. plus minus, expugnatum ferè est Anti∣christi regnum in tota prope Europa: Regnum vero Christi longè lateque propagatum per homines imbecilles atque inermes, per Lutherum cum suis in Germania, per Zuin∣glium in Helvetia, per Calvinum in Galliis, perque alios, aliis in locis, nisi vi verbi & Spiritus Sanctus, qui in ipsis locutus est, suasque exeruit vires, adversus omnem mundi, & Satanae potestatem? Zanch. Orat.

* 1.3The Church of Rome was so unsound in Doctrine, and corrupt in worship, that it was no schism but a duty then to separate from it.

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The means taken by the first Reformers for promoting the work of Reformation of Religion.

1. They searched diligently into the Word of God,* 1.4 and so discovered the er∣rours of Popery. Their care was after to translate the Bible into vulgar languages, and to interpret it to the people, and illustrate it with ample Comments.

2. They were carefull to educate children in the Principles of Christian Religion and Piety. It is a piece of Luthers counsel, if ever you would have a good Refor∣mation look to the Reformation of children.

3. They were ready to dispute with their Adversaries in all places, and speedily to reply to their writings.

Nonne tot disputationes Witembergenses, Ratisbonienses, Augustanae, Spiren∣ses, Wormantienses, Bernenses, Possiacenae, Londinenses, Cantabrigienses, Ox∣onienses testes esse possunt locupletissimae: quo animo, qua doctrina, qua veritate cau∣sam Religionis nostrae propugnaverimus. Whitakeri ad Rat. primam Camp. Respons.

Chamier hath answered the Papists generally in his learned Panstratia Ca∣tholica.

Bellarmine is well answered by Junius, Ames, Whitaker.

The Rhemist Testament and the Notes are well confuted by Cartwright and Fulk.

Casaubone hath written learned Exercitations against Baronius.

Bishop Morton, Doctor Fulk and Whitaker have answered the Treatises of se∣veral Papists.

Rivet and Blondel and Moulin have answered Cardinal Peroon.

Bishop Vsher, Bishop Andrews, Bishop Ab•••••• Doctor Prideaux, and others of our Divines, have stouly opposed other Papists.

The Reformed Religion is well defended by the English and French Divines. Some much commend three Epistles, that Epistle or Preface of Calvins to his In∣stitutions: That of Casaubons to his Exercitations against Baronsus; and that of Thuanus or Guicchardine before his History. That of Calvins is a succinct and pi∣thy Apology for the Protestant Religion.

Juels Apology was generally liked by the Reformed Churches.

Daillè, Croyus, Blondel, Jacobus Capellus, Amyrot, and Gentilettus, have written in French or Latine in Defence of the Reformed Religion.

4. They diligently compiled the Histories of those times and actions, and especi∣ally Martyrologies of such as rendred by their deaths a testimony to that truth which was persecuted in them.* 1.5

As we ought highly to reverence the Fathers for their Antiquity, so in our times we owe much respect to many famous Writers, because by their most learned La∣bours they have given great light to the right understanding of the holy Scripture. We have the same instruments which they had, viz. the holy Scriptures, and far greater help.

Zuinglius, Luther, Calvin, all those learned men are to be loved and highly honoured, as those that have well deserved of the Church; their Books are also to be diligently read, and to be preferred before the Volumes of many of the Fa∣thers, as those which have more truly interpreted the minde of the holy Ghost then the Fathers, which have illustrated the Christian Doctrine brought out of darknesse with wonderfull perspicuity, have comprized it with wonderfull brevity,

Page 20

and explained it in an excellent method. Zanch. Prolegom. in Esaiam.

* 1.6Illustres illi viri, nec unquam sine summa honoris praefatione nominandi, quorum Deus in religione restauranda, opera usus est.

Upon the view of the Doctrine of the Church of England, compiled by them in the XXXIX Articles, translated into Latine in the dayes of King Edward the 6th, and sent abroad into the whole Christian world, it was said abroad, Puritas doctrinae viget in Anglia.

* 1.7For the first ten years of Queen Elizabeth, most of the Papists of England came to our Churches, prayed our prayers, heard our Sermons, and received our Sa∣craments, untill by the instigation of the Jesuites, Pope Pius Quintus excommu∣nicated Queen Elizabeth, and enjoyned all the Papists not to resort to our Churches. So they did in Ireland till 88, some Spanish Priests then landing there, told them, it was condemned in the Councel of Trent.

This is that Religion which (since the first Reformation of it, Anno 1. Edw. 6.) above one and twenty several Sessions of Parliament, as learned, as wise, as religious as ever were in this Kingdom,* 1.8 have allowed and approved.

Mr Baxter in his Confession of Faith, Sect 41. saith thus of the late Assembly of Divines at Westminster; I so highly reverence that Assembly, that I think this Nation since the Apostles dayes, had never any that excelled it for Piety and Abi∣lity: and Sect. 3. he much magnifies both the Confession of Faith, and the Short∣er Catechism put out by the Assembly. I truly professe (saith he, Sect. 5.) I take the Labours of the Assembly, especially these three Pieces (the Confession of Faith, the larger and lesser Catechism) for the best Books, next my Bible, in my study.

What Kingdom in Europe is there which hath not yielded eminent Scholars, and famous Martyrs of the Reformed Religion.

France had Calvin, Farel, Viret, Sadeel, Daneus, Marlorate, Beza, Mornee, Chamier, Rivet, Peter du Moulin, Daillè, and many others.

Italy brought forth and cast out (because it was unworthy of them) Peter Mar∣tyr,* 1.9 Zanchy, also Immanuel Tremelius, and Deodate.

Spain had John Diaz, Austen Cacalla, and also other Martyrs.

Germany had Luther, Melancthon, Joachim Camerarius and Chemnitius, Zuin∣glius, Oecolampadius, Martin Bucer, Wolfangus Capito, Caspar Hedio, Musculus, Hyperius, Foster, Avenarius, Mollerus, Pezelius.

Helvetia had Bullinger, Gualter, Pellicane, Leo Judae, Aretius, Wolfius, Simler, Bibliander, Stuckius.

England was fruitfull of Martyrs and great Scholars, Barns, Rogers, Cranmer, Latimer, Ridlie, Hooper, Philpot, Haux, Bradford, Juel, Rainolds, Whitaker, Fulk, Perkins, Morton, Davenant, Twisse, Prideaux, and divers others.

Denmark brought forth Palladius, Hemmingius, and many others.

* 1.10Polonia brought forth Johannes à Lasco. Servavit te huc usque Deus, ut sicut Lutherus suae Germanias, Zuinglius suae Helvetiae, Calvinus suae Galliae, ita tu tuae Poloniae sis Apostolus. Zanch. Epist. l. 2. ad illum.

Scotland was made famous by the Martyrdom of Patrick Hamilton, and by the Doctrine of John Knox, and Robert Rollock, Andrew Melvin, Cameron, Baronius, Forbes.

This may suffice to answer that calumny of the Jesuites, as if the Protestants had no Scholars amongst them.

The Papists call us Hereticks: This was ever an old and cunning trick of Pa∣pists, and their fore-fathers, if any did complain of their errours and faults, and desired to have true Religion restored, to condemn such for Hereticks, as men new∣fangled and factious.* 1.11

They reproachfully nick-name us Lutherans, Zuinglians, Calvinists, whereas we

Page 21

maintain not any private or proper Doctrine of theirs. They called us in England heretofore Lollards, either because they cried Lord, Lord unto their God,* 1.12 as Mr Fox saith in his Acts and Monuments, or rather from Lolium, which signifies Cockle, and such like weeds, whereas indeed they endeavoured to extirpate all pernicious weed: And them in France Huguenots, of which term, see Thuanus his History, Tom. 4. lib. 24. and Pasquiers Recherches de la France. l. 8. c. 55.

I will not rehearse the several opinions about the original of that word, because Heraldus a learned Frenchman saith, Vnde Huguenoti appellati fuerint, nec nos ad∣huc satis liquido scimus. Animad ad Arnob. adversus Gentes, l. 1. As the Jews were in times past called by the Gentiles Sabbatarians in contempt; the Christians Galile∣ans by Julian the Apostata, so now they which imbrace truth of Doctrine, began to be called Huguenots.

They term us those of the pretended Reformed Religion, whereas it is truly Re∣formed according to the word of God.

They acknowledge themselves to be Papists, and from the Pope, and glory in the title.

Luther saith, Primum oro ut nomen meum taceatur, & nemo Lutheranus sed Chri∣stianus appelletur.

They suffer Turks and Jews which deny and persecute Christ, but put to death those of the Reformed Religion who believe in Christ.

They say, that the Heathens (which had no knowledge of Christ) by their mo∣rality may be saved, and yet deny that Protestants, who have a knowledge of Christ, and exceed them in their morality, may be saved.

Marcus Antonius de Dominis Arch-bishop of Spalato said in the hearing of some of our Bishops, Before God, and Christ Jesus my Redeemer, I will acknowledge from my heart, and professe openly, That the Church of England is a true and or∣thodoxal Church of Christ. His shiftings in Religion.

The Papists urge two things much against the Reformed Religion:

1. Our divisions and differences amongst our selves, as Fitz Simons in his Bri∣tannomachia ministrorum, in plerisque Fidei fundamentis, & Articulis dissiden∣tium.

Secondly, The Novelty of our Religion, as if it were no ancienter then Lu∣ther.

To the first, I might answer with Zanchy * 1.13, That this is rather an Argument that we are the true Churches of Christ. For there are (saith he) three kindes of Churches,

1. Where God onely reigns without contradiction: This is the Triumphant Church in Heaven.

2. Where Satan only reigns: This is the Church of the wicked and Idolaters, such are the Turkish, Jewish, Popish Churches.

3. Where God truly reigns, but not without the snares and assaults of Satan. This is the true Church of Christ, which is called Militant. This alwayes fights with the flesh, the world, Hereticks, and the Devil.

The Confessions of Faith of the Churches professing the Gospel, having been long ago exhibited to the several Princes of the Countreys, States and Kingdoms, where these Churches are, are now of late very profitably published, to the con∣viction of all such as slander the Reformed Churches to be variably distracted and

Page 22

rent in sunder with infinite differences of Faith. Travers answer to a Popish Treatise written to the LL. of the Councel.

Amyraldus de Secessione ab Ecclesia Romana, pag. 67. saith, The chief controver∣sies inter Evangelicos, may be reduced to four heads,

  • 1. Concerning the Nature of the Sacraments.
  • * 1.142. About the Person of Christ, and the Properies of both Natures in it.
  • 3. How the Doctrine of Predestination is to be explained.
  • 4. What is to be held concerning the Providence of God, especially as it is con∣versant about the ill actions of the reasonable creature, and shews there also how far yet they agree in all these.

Dr Hall in his Peace of Rome, shews, That Bellarmine acknowledgeth and num∣bers up above three hundred differences of opinions maintained in the Popish Church, and that Navarre confesseth near threescore differences amongst their own Doctors in one only point of their Religion.

There are many Sects risen since the Gospel was first published, but none are so guilty of division as the Papists, though they extoll their own Church for Unity. They unchurch all the Churches of Christ through the world besides themselves, the Greek Church and divers others. What a State were all former ages in before the Popes Supremacy was acknowledged? The pure and primitive times. The reading of the Scriptures in the vulgar tongue is condemned amongst them as a ca∣pital crime in Spain and Italy, but allowed in England and France.

Albertus Pighius dissents from Cajetane, Thomas from Lombard, Scotus from Thomas, Occam from Scotus, Alliacensis from Occam. Their nominals disagree from their reals.

What difference is there between the Franciscans and Dominicans concerning original sinne in the blessed Virgin.* 1.15 What difference among the Jesuites and other Papists, concerning Councels being above the Pope. The Jesuites hold, that the Pope is above a Councel. Bellarmine confesseth lib. 2. de Concil. cap. 17. parag. 1. that Proposition, That the Pope is absolutely above a Councel, is not simply de fide, and those are not Hereticks properly who hold the contrary.

The Pope in two Councels (those of Constance and Basil) was declared to be in∣feriour to a Councel.

* 1.162. For the other Objection, of the Novelty of our Religion, as if it were no ancienter then Luther.

I answer, there are books * 1.17 written to refute this calumny.

The Waldenses for divers hundred years before Luther successively opposed Po∣pery, professed the truth of the Gospel, and sealed it with their bloud.

Campian in his third reason cals them Majores nostros. Vide Gerhard. Epist. Ded. ad Confess. Cathol.

Illyricus in his Catalogus Testium veritatis, and Wolfius in his Lectiones Memora∣biles, & Reconditae. And Gerhard in his Confessio Catholica sufficiently refute this Objection.

Errours often lie hid under the venerable Cloak of ancient custom, Matth. 5.21, 27, 31, 33, 38, 43. But on the contrary sound and orthodox Doctrine is undeserved∣ly taxed with the crime of novelty, Mark 1.27. Act. 17.19. therefore judgement is to be made of both by Scripture, Act 17.11.

Page 23

Secondly, We may retort this Question on them, Where was your Religion be∣fore the Councel of Trent?

Cardinal Contarenus holding the same with us for substance in point of Justifi∣cation, and many of those learned and modest men which are reckoned for Papists, groaning under the corruptions of their Church, and desiring a Reformation of many abuses as well as we.

Bishop Jewels challenge of the Papists is commonly known,* 1.18 with which Peter du Moulin also accords.

There is rather a conspiracy amongst the Papists then true union: as on the con∣trary, the difference amongst us is rather a diversity then a division, in circumstances or things of lesse moment, and among persons rather then generally.

We are reproached beyond Sea for our unsettlement in matters of Religion, and for the diversity of opinions and sects now in the Land.

Some amongst our selves also will be ready to object, That there are so many religions and opinions, that they know not which course to take.

1. Such should therefore take the Scripture onely for the rule of their faith and life.

2. They should study faithfully to know the plain meaning of the Scripture, they should reade it diligently, seek Gods direction, come to it not with forestalled con∣ceits, but with love of the truth.

3. They should resolve to obey what they shall finde upon such diligent inquiry to be the plain minde of God beyond dispute. They should practice what all Chri∣stian Sects agree in, they all confesse that God is above the creature, and to be pre∣ferred before it, that the pleasures and profits of this world are far short of the glo∣ry to come.

Notes

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