According to their subject they are divided into those of the concupiscible and irascible appetite.
Concupiscible, whereby the soul is carried to that which is good.
When the object is good, the desiring faculty draws the heart toward it: if it be present good it is joy, if the present good be near at hand it is called love, if easie to be obtained desire, if difficult hope, if impossible despair.
Irascible or shunning faculty from evil, if the evil be present it is grief, if it make an attempt on the heart, if it be vincible it is courage, if invincible horrour.
Mans affections are linked together in their working. Love is the chiefest, next is desire of attaining the thing loved, after comes joy if one have it, grief if he have it not, anger against those that crosse us of it, kindenesse toward those which further us in it, fear to lose it, and courage to keep it, shame if he have it not, boldnesse if he have it.
The chief of the Affections are of two sorts:
- 1. Some simple, which are exercised upon Good or Evil it self, viz.
- I. On Good, considered
- 1. Simply in it self, Love, a motion of being united to it, of complacency and liking.
- 2. Respectively to its
- 1. Presence, Joy a motion of injoying it, an inlargement of the heart to receive good.
- 2. Absence, both in regard of
- 1. The good it self, Desire, a stirring of the heart to use means to get it.
- 2. The likelihood of attaining or not attaining it, which are
- 1. Hope, a moving and lifting up of the minde toward it.
- 2. Despair, a falling from the future good.
- II. On Evil, considered
- 1. Simply, Hatred a motion of separating from that which is counted evil, as when we see a Toad.
- 2. Respectively, to its
- 1. Presence, Sadnesse, a pulling together of the heart in the sense of a present evil.
- 2. Absence, considered
- 1. In it self, Flight, Detestation if it come, a motion of flying from it.
- 2. In its likelihood of being shunned or suffered.
- 1. If we conceive it avoidable, Courage, a motion of rising against it, and making resistance.
- 2. As it is likely not to be escaped but suffered, fear, a kinde of perplexednesse or shrinking from it.
- 2. Some compound, being the divers workings of two or more of these together, and they respect other things for good or evil, viz.
- 1. The possessors thereof, whether
- I. Our selves,
- 1. Shame for evil or turpitude, in regard of evil working by motions of Fear, Hatred, Grief.
- 2. Boldnesse for good we have done or got in regard of the good esteem of it, motions of the contrary affections.
- II. Others,
- 1. For Good we think we see in them, reverence differing from simple fear, looking to a thing conceived as excellent, a joynt working of Fear, Love, Desire, Joy.
- 2. For Evil, contempt, a motion of vilifying and abasing, disdaining one by joynt working of contrary passions to those fore-named.
- 2. The furtherances or hinderances thereof, viz.
- I. The things which further Good hinder Evil, viz.