An historical relation of the island Ceylon, in the East-Indies together, with an account of the detaining in captivity the author and divers other Englishmen now living there, and of the authors miraculous escape : illustrated with figures, and a map of the island / by Robert Knox.

The CONTENTS.

PART I.

CHAP. I. A General Description of the Island.

THE Inland Parts of it hitherto un∣known. The chief Places on the Sea-Coasts. The Names of the Provinces and Counties of the Inland Country. Which are divided from each other by Woods. The Countrey Hilly, but inriched with Rivers. The great River Mavelagonga de∣scribed. Woody. Where most Populous and Healthful. The nature of the Vallies. The great Hill, Adams Peak, described. The natural Strength of this Kingdom. The dif∣ference of the Seasons in this Country. What Parts have most Rain.

CHAP. II. Concerning the chief Cities and Towns of this Island.

THE most Eminent Cities are Five. Viz. Cande, Nellemby, All••utneur. The Country of Bintan described. Badoula. The Province of Ouvah. Digligy, the place of the King's Residence. Gauluda. Many ruines of Cities. Anarodgburro. The na∣ture of the Northern Parts. The Port of Portaloon Affords Salt. Leawava Affords Salt in abundance, Described. Th••ir Towns how built. Many ly in ruins and forsaken, and upon what occasion.

CHAP III. Of their Corn, with their manner of Husbandry.

THE Products and Commodities of the Country. Corn of divers sorts. Rice. Growes in water. Their ingenuity in wa∣tering their Corn-lands. Why they do not always sow the best kind of Rice? They sow at different times, but reap together. Their artificial Pooles, Alligators harbor in them. They sow Corn on the mud. A sort of Rice that growes without water. The Seasons of Seed-time and Harvest. A parti∣cular description of their Husbandry. Their Plow. The convenience of these Plowes. Their First plowing. Their Banks, and use of them. Their Second plowing. How they prepare their Seed-Corn: And their Land af∣ter it is plowed. Their manner of Sowing. How they manure & order Young Corn. Their manner of reaping. They tread out their Corn with Cattel. The Ceremonies they use when the Corn is to be trodden. How they unhusk their Rice. Other sorts of Corn among them. Coracan, Tanna, Moung, Omb.

CHAP. IV. Of their Fruits and Trees.

GReat Variety of Fruits and delicious. The best Fruits where ever they grow re∣served for the Kings use. Betel-Nuts, The Trees, The Fruit, The Leaves, The Skins, and their use. The Wood. The Profit the Fruit yields. Iacks, another choyce Fruit. Iombo another. Other Fruits found in the Woods. Fruits common with other Parts of India. The Tallipot; the rare use of the Leaf. The Pith good to eat. The Kettule. Yields a delicious juice. The Skin bears strings as strong as Wyer. The Wood; its Nature and Use. The Cinnamon Tree. The Bark, The Wood, The Leaf, The Fruit. The Orula. The Fruit good for Physic and Dying. Water made of it will brighten rusty Iron, and serve instead of Ink. The Doune∣kaia. The Capita. Rattans. Their Fruit. Canes. The Betel tree. The Bo-gauhah or God-Tree.

CHAP. V. Of their Roots, Plants, Herbs, Flowers.

ROots for Food, The manner of their growing. Boyling Herbs, Fruits for Sawce. European Herbs and Plants among them. Herbs for Medicine. Their Flowers. A Flower that serves instead of a Dyal, cal∣led Sindric-mal. Picha-mals, Hop-mals.

CHAP. VI. Of their Beasts Tame and VVild. Insects.

WHat Beasts the Country produceth. Deer no bigger than Hares. Other Creatures rare in their kind. The way how a wild Deer was catched for the King. Of their Elephants. The way of catching Ele∣phants. Their understanding. Their Nature. The dammage they do. Serve the King for executing his Malefactors. Their Disease. The Sport they make. Ants of divers sorts. How one sort of them, called Coddias, came to sting so terribly. These Ants very mis∣chievous. The curious Buildings of the Vaeos, another kind of them. The manner of their death. Bees of several kinds. Some build on Trees like Birds. The people eat the Bees, as well as their Honey. Leaches, that ly in the grass, and creep on Travaylers Legs. The Remedies they use against them. Apes and Monkeys of divers kinds. How they catch Wild Beasts. How they take the Wild Boar.

CHAP. VII. Of their Birds, Fish, Serpents, and Commodities.

THeir Birds. Such as will be taught to speak. Such as are beautiful for Colour. A strange Bird. Water-Fowls resembling Ducks and Swans. Peacocks. The King keeps Fowl. Their Fish, How they catch them in Ponds, And how in Rivers. Fish kept and fed for the King's Pleasure. Serpents. The Pimberah of a prodigious bigness. The Po∣longa. The Noya. The Fable of the Noya and Polonga•• The Carowala. Gerendo. Hickanella. Democulo, a great Spider. Kob∣bera-guson, a Creature like an Aligator. Tol∣la-guion. The people eat Rats. Precoius Stones, Minerals, and other Commodities. The People discouraged from Industry by the Tyranny they are under.

PART II.

CHAP. I. Of the present King of Cande.

THE Government of this Island. The King's Lineage. His Person, Meen and Habit. His Queen and Children. His Palace; Situation and Description of it•• Strong Guards about his Court. Negro's Watch next his Person. Spies sent out a Nights. His Attendants. Handsome Wo∣men belong to his Kitchin. His Women. And the Privileges of the Towns, where they live. His State, when he walks in his Palace, or goes abroad. His reception of Ambassadors. His delight in them.

CHAP. II. Concerning the Kings Manners, Vices, Recreation, Religion.

SPare in his Diet. After what manner he eats. Chast himself, and requires his Attendants to be so. He committed Incest, but such as was allowable. His Pride. How the People address to the King. They give him Divine Worship. Pleased with high Titles. An instance or two of the King's haughty Stomach. He slights the de∣fection of one of his best Generals. He scorns to receive his own Revenues. The Dutch serve their ends upon his Pride by flattering him. The People give the way to the Kings foul Cloths. His natural Abilities, and de∣ceitful temper. His wise saying concerning Run-awayes. He is naturally Cruel. The Dogs follow Prisoners to Execution. The Kings Prisoners; their Misery. He punish∣eth whole Generations for the sake of one. The sad condition of young Gentlemen that wait on his Person. His Pleasure-houses. Pastimes abroad. His Diversions at home. His Religion. He stands affected to the Christian Religion.

CHAP. III. Of the King's Tyrannical Reign.

HIS Government Tyrannical. His Policy. He farms out his Countrey for Service. His Policy to secure himself against Assassi∣nations and Rebellions. Another Point of his

Policy. Another which is to find his People work to do. A Vast work undertaken and finished by the King, viz. Bringing Water divers Miles thro Rocks, Mountains and Valleys unto his Palace. The turning this Water did great injury to the People. But he little regards his Peoples Good. By craft at once both pleaseth and punisheth his Peo∣ple. In what Labours he employs his Peo∣ple. He Poisons his only Son. The ex∣traordinary Lamentation at the Death of his Sister. His Craft and Cruelty shewn at once.

CHAP. IV. Of his Revenues and Treasure.

THe King's Rents brought three times in a year. The first is accompanied with a great Festival. How the Nobles bring their Gifts, or Duties. Inferior Persons present their New-years Gifts. What Taxes and Rents the People pay. The accidental incoms of the Crown. The Profits that ac∣crue to the King from Corn-Lands. Custom of Goods Imported formerly paid. His Treasuries. He has many Elephants. Great Treasures thrown into the River formerly. The Treasure he most valueth.

CHAP. V. Of the King's great Officers, and the Governors of the Provinces.

THe two Greatest Officers in the Land. The next Great Officers. None can put to Death but the King. Theso Dissauvas are Durante bene placito. Whom the King makes Dissauvas. And their Profits and Honours. Other benefits belonging to other Officers. They must always reside at Court. The Officers under them, viz. The Cour-lividani. The Cong-conna. The Courli∣atchila. The Liannah. The Vndia. The Monannah. Some Towns exempt from the Dissauvas Officers. Other Officers yet. These Places obtained by Bribes. But re∣main only during pleasure. Country Courts. They may appeal. Appeals to the King. How the Great Officers Travel upon Public Business. Their Titles and signs of State. The misery that succeeds their Honour. The foolish ambition of the Men and Women of this Country.

CHAP. VI. Of the King's Strength and Wars.

THe King's Military affairs. The natural strength of his Countrey. Watches and Thorn-gates. None to pass from the King's City without Pasports. His Soldiery. All men of Arms wait at Court. The Soldiers have Lands allotted them insted of Pay. To prevent the Soldiers from Plotting. The manner of sending them out on Expeditions. Requires all the Captains singly to send him intelligence of their affairs. When the War is finished they may not return without or∣der. The condition of the Common Soldiers. He conceals his purpose when he sends out his Army. Great Exploits done, and but lit∣tle Courage. They work chiefly by Strata∣gems. They understand the manner of Christian Armies. Seldom hazard a Battel. If they prove unsuccessful, how he punishes them.

CHAP. VII. A Relation of the Rebellion made against the King.

A Comet ushereth in the Rebellion. The Intent of the Conspirators. How the Rebellion began. The King flyes. They pursue him faintly. They go to the Prince and Proclaim him King. The carriage of the Prince. Upon the Prince's flight, the Rebels scatter and run. A great Man declares for the King. For the space of eight or ten days nothing but Killing one another to approve themselves good Subjects. The King Poysons his Son to prevent a Rebellion hereaf∣ter. His ingratitude. Another Comet, but without any bad Effects following it.

PART III.

CHAP. I. Concerning the Inhabitants of this Island.

THe several Inhabitants of the Island. The Original of the Chingulays. Wild Men. Who pay an acknowledgement to the King. How they bespeak Arrows to be made them. They rob the Carriers. Hourly wild Men Trade with the People. Once made to

serve the King in his War. Their Habit and Religion. A skirmish about their Bounds. Curious in their Arrows. How they pre∣serve their Flesh. How they take Elephants. The Dowries they give. Their disposition. The Inhabitants of the Mountains differ from those of the Low-Lands. Their good opi∣nion of Virtue, tho they practice it not. Superstitions. How they Travel. A brief character of them. The Women, their ha∣bit and nature.

CHAP. II. Concerning their different Honours, Ranks, and Qualities.

HOw they distinguish themselves accord∣ing to their Qualities. They never Marry beneath their rank. In case a Man lyes with a Woman of inferior rank. Their Noble men. How distinguished from others. The distinction by Caps. Of the Hondrews or Noble men two sorts. An Honour like unto Knighthood. Goldsmiths, Blacksmiths, Carpenters, and Painters. The Privilege and State of the Smiths. Craftsmen. Barbers. Potters. Washers. Iaggory-makers. The Poddah, Weavors. Basket-makers. Mat-makers. The lower ranks may not assume the habit or names of the higher. Slaves. Beggers. The reason the Beggers became so base and mean a People. They live well. Their Contest with the Weavors about dead Cows. Incest common among them. A Pu∣nishment, to deliver Noble women to these Beggers. Some of these Beggars keep Cattel and shoot Deer. Refuse Meat dressed in a Barbar's house; and why.

CHAP. III. Of their Religion, Gods, Temples, Priests.

THeir Religion is Idolatry. They wor∣ship Gods and Devils. And the God, that saves Souls. The Sun and Moon they seem to repute Deities. Some of their Tem∣ples of exquisite work. The form of their Temples. The shape of their Idols. They wor••hip not the Idol, but whom it repre∣sents. The Revenues of the Temples, and the Honours thereof. They are dedicated to Gods. Private Chappels. The Priests. The first Order of them. The habit of these Priests. Their Privileges. What they are Prohibited. When any are religiously dis∣posed, these Priests sent for in great Cere∣mony. None ever used violence towards them before this present King. The second Order of Priests. The third Order. How they dedicate a Red Cock to the Devil. Their Oracle.

CHAP. IV. Concerning their Worship and Festivals.

THE chief dayes of Worship. How they know what God or Devil hath made them sick. The Gods of their Fortunes, viz. the Planets. What worship they give De∣vils. Who eat the Sacrifices. Their Gods are local. The Subjection of this People to the Devil. Sometimes the Devil possesseth them. The Devils voice often heard. Their Sacrifice to the chief Devil. Their Festivals. Festivals to the honour of the Gods that govern this World. The Great Festival in Iune, with the manner of the Solemnity. The Feast in November. The Festival in honour of the God of the Soul. The high honour they have for this God.

CHAP. V. Concerning their Religious Doctrines, Opinions and Practices.

AS to their Religion they are very indiffe∣rent. If their Gods answer not their Desires, they curse them. They undervalue and revile their Gods. A Fellow gives out himself for a Prophet. His Success. The King sends for one of his Priests. Flyes to Columbo. Pretends himself to be a former Kings Son. Flyes from the Dutch. The King catches and quarters him. The Peo∣ples high opinion still of this new God. Their Doctrines and Opinion. The highest points of their Devotion. Their Charity. The Privilege of the Moorish Beggars. Respect Christians, and why.

CHAP. VI. Concerning their Houses, Diet, House∣wifery, Salutation, Apparel.

THeir Houses mean. No Chimneys. The Houses of the better sort. Their Furni∣ture. How they eat. How the great Men eat. Discouraged from nourishing Cattel.

Cle••••ly in dressing their meat. Their man∣ner of drinking and eating. Their manner of washing before and after meals. None must speak while the Rice is put into the Pot. Sawce made of Lemmon juice. Their sweet meats. A kind of Puddings. The Wo∣mens Housewifry. How they entertain Stran∣gers, And Kindred. When th••y Visit. Their manner of Salutation. The Nobles in their best Apparel. The fashion of their hair. The Wom••n dressed in their Bravery. How they dress their heads. They commonly borrow their fine Cloths.

CHAP. VII. Of their Lodging, Bedding, Whore∣dome, Marriages, Children.

THeir Bed, and how they sleep a Nights. They rise often in the Night. Children taught to sing at going to bed. Young People ly at one anothers Hous••s. Nothing so common as Whoredome. They are guilty of the thing, but love not the Name. The man may kill wh•••• he finds in bed with his Wife. The Womens craft to compass and conceal their Debauchery. They do treat their Friends with the use of their Wives or Daughters. The Mother for a small reward prostitutes her Daughter. Marriages. No Wooing. The Bridegroom goes to the Brides house. How the Bridegroom carries home his Bride. A Ceremony of Marriage. Man and Wife may part at pleasure. Men and Women change till they can please the••selves. Women sometimes have two Husbands. Women un∣clean. Privileges of Men above Women. Privileges of Women. They often destroy New-born Infants, But seldom a First-born. Their Names. They are ambitious of high Titles.

CHAP•• VIII. Of their Employments and Re∣creations.

THeir Trade. Work not discreditable to the best Gentleman. How they geld their Cattle. How they make Glew. Their Manu∣factures. How they make Iron. How they make Butter. Shops in the City. Prices of Commodities. Of their Measures. Their Weights. Measures bigger than the Statute punishable; but l••ss, not: And why. Of their Coin: Of their Play. A Play or a Sa∣crifice: For th•• filthiness of it forbid by the King. A cunning Stratagem of an Officer. Tricks and Feats of Activity. At leisure times they meet and discourse of Newes. Drunkenness abhorred. Their eating Betel∣L••••ves. How they make Lime.

CHAP. IX. Of their Lawes and Language.

THeir Lawes. Lands descend. In case Corn receives dammage by a Neigh∣bours Cattel. The loss of letting out Land to Till. The great Consideration for Corn borrowed. A Debt becomes double in two years. If the Debtor pay not his Debt, he is lyable to be a Slave for it. Divers other Lawes and Customes. For deciding Contro∣versies. Swearing in the Temples. The man∣ner of swearing in hot Oyl. How they exact. Fines. Of their Language. Titles given to Women according to their qualities. Titles given to Men. No difference between a Country-man and a Courtier for Language. Their Speech and manner of Address is court∣ly and becoming. Their Language in their Address to the King. Words of form and Ci∣vility. Full of Words and Complement. By whom they swear. Their way of railing and scurrility. Proverbs. Something of their Grammar. A Specimen of their Words. Their Numbering.

CHAP. X. Concerning their Learning, Astronomy and Art Magick.

OF their Learning. Their Books and Arts. How they learn to write. How they make and write a Book. The Priests write Books of B••nna. The Kings Warrants how wrapped up. They write upon two sorts of Leaves. Their Skill in Astronomy. Their Almanacks. They pretend to know future things by the Stars. Their AEra. Their Years, Months, Weeks, Days, Hours. How they measure their Time. Their Magic. The Plenty of a Country destroyed by Magic. Their Charm to find out a Thief. The way to dissolve this Charm. Inscriptions upon Rocks.

CHAP. XI. Of their Sickness, Death and Burial.

THE Diseases this Countrey is subject to. Every one a Physitian to himself. To Purge: To Vomit. To heal Sores. To

heal an Impostume. For an hurt in the Eye. To cure the Itch. The Caudle for Lying-in Women. Goraca, a Fruit. Excellent at the Cure of Poyson. They easily heal the biting of Serpents by Herbs, And Charms. But not good at healing inward Distempers. They both bury and burn their Dead. They send for a Priest to pray for the Soul of the De∣parted. How they mourn for the Dead. The nature of the Women. How they bury. How they burn. How they bury those that dy of the Small Pox.

PART IV.

CHAP. I. Of the reason of our going to Cey∣lon, and Detainment there.

THE subject of this Fourth Part. The occasion of their coming to Ceylon. They were not jealous of the People being very Courteous. A Message pretended to the Cap∣tain from the King. The beginning of their Suspition. The Captain seized and seven more. The Long-boat men seized. The General's craft to get the Ship as well as the Men. The Captains Order to them on board the Ship. The Captains second Mes∣sage to his Ship. The Ships Company refuse to bring up the Ship. The Captain orders the Ship to depart. The Lading of Cloath remained untouched. The probable reason of our Surprize. The number of those that were left on the Island. The Dissauva departs.

CHAP. II. How we were carried up in the Coun∣try, and disposed of there, and of the Sickness, Sorrow and Death of the Captain.

THey intend to attempt an Escape, but are prevented. Their Condition commise∣rated by the People. They are distributed into divers Towns. An Order comes from the King to bring them up into the Coun∣try. How they were treated on the way in the Woods. And in the Towns among the In∣habitants. They are brought near Cande, and there separated. The Captain and his Son and two more quartered together. Parted: How they fared: The Captain and his Son placed in Coos-swát. Monies scarce with them. But they had good Pro∣visions without it. The Town where they were sickly. How they passed their time. Both fall Sick. Deep grief seizes the Cap∣tain. Their Sickness continues. Their Boys Disobedience adds to their trouble. His excessive Sorrow. His Discourse and Charge to his Son before his Death. His Death, and Burial. The Place where he lies. Upon the Captain's Death a Message sent from Court to his Son.

CHAP. III. How I lived after my Father's Death. And of the Condition of the rest of the English: and how it fared with them. And of our Inter∣view.

HIs chief Imployment is Reading: He looseth his Ague: How he met with an English Bible in that Country: Struck into a great Passion at the first sight of the Book: He ca••ts with himself how to get it: Where the rest of the English were bestowed: Kept from one another a good while, but after permitted to see each other: No manner of Work laid upon them: They begin to pluck up their hearts: What course they took for Cloths: Their Fare: What Employment they afterwards followed: How the English do∣mineered: What Satisfaction one of them received from a Potter. A scuffle between the English and Natives. The Author after a year sees his Countreymen. Their Conference and Entertainment. He consults with his Countreymen concerning a future livelihood. The difficulty he met with in having his Rice brought him undressed. He reasons with the People about his Allowance. Builds him an House. Follows Business and thrives. Some attempted running away, and were catched. Little encouragement for those that bring back Run-awayes.

CHAP. IV. Concerning some other Englishmen de∣tained in that Countrey.

THe Persia Merchant-men Captives before them. Plundred by the Natives. Brought up to the King. They hoped to have their liberty, but were mistaken. A ridiculous a∣ction of these Men. They had a mind to Beef, and how they got it. A passage of

[illustration]

[illustration]

A NEW MAP of the Kingdom of CANDY UDA. in the Island of CEYLON.

their Courage. Two of this Company taken into Court. The One out of favour. His End. The other out of Favour. And his lamentable Death. The King sends special Order concerning their good Vsage. Mr. Vassal's prudence upon his Receit of Letters. The King bids him read his Letters. The King pleased to hear of Englands Victory over Holland. Private discourse between the King and Vassal.

CHAP. V. Concerning the means that were used for our Deliverance. And what happened to us in the Rebellion. And how we were setled after∣wards.

MEans made to the King for their Liberty, Upon which they all meet at the City. Word sent them from the Court, that they had their Liberty. All in general refuse the Kings Service. Commanded still to wait at the Palace. During which a Rebellion breaks out. They are in the midst of it, and in great danger. The Rebels take the Eng∣lish with them, designing to engage them on their side: But they resolve neither to med∣dle nor make. The day being turned, they fear the King; but he justifies them. They are driven to beg in the High-wayes. Sent into New Quarters, and their Pensions set∣tled again. Fall to Trading and have more freedom than before.

CHAP. VI. A Continuation of the Author's parti∣cular Condition after the Re∣bellion.

AT his new Quarters builds him another House. The People counsel him to Marry, which he seems to listen to. Here he lived two years. A Fort built near him by the Dutch; but afterwards taken by the King. He and three more removed out of that Countrey; and settled in a dismal place. A Comfortable Message brought hither from the King concerning them. Placed there to punish the People for a Crime. Weary of this Place. By a piece of craft he gets down to his old Quarters. Began the world anew the third time. Plots to remove himself. Is encouraged to buy a piece of Land. The situation and condition of it. Buys it. Builds an House on it. Leaves Laggendenny. Set∣tled at his new Purchase with three more living with him. Their freedom and Trade. His Family reduced to two.

CHAP. VII. A Return to the rest of the English, with some further accounts of them. And some further Discourse of the Authors course of Life.

THey confer together about the lawful∣ness of marrying with the Native women. He resolves upon a single life. What Employ∣ments they follow. The respect and credit they live in. A Chingulay punished for beat∣ing an English man. An English man prefer∣red at Court. Some English serve the King in his Wars. Who now live miserably. He returns to speak of himself. Plots and con∣sults about an Escape. A description of his House. He takes up a new Trade and thrives on it. His Allowance paid him out of the Kings Store-Houses.

CHAP. VIII. How the Author had like to have been received into the Kings Service, and what Means he used to avoid it. He meditates and attempts an Escape, but is often prevented.

HE voluntarily forgoes his Pension. Sum∣moned before the King. Informed that he is to be preferred at Court: But is resolved to refuse it. The answer he makes to the Great Man: Who sends him to an∣other Great Officer: Stayes in that City ex∣pecting his Doom. Goes home, but is sent for again. Having escaped the Court-Ser∣vice, falls to his former course of life: His Pedling forwarded his Escape. The most probable course to take was Northwards. He and his Companion get three days Iourney Northwards; But return back again: Often attempt to fly this way, but still hindred. In those Parts is bad water, but they had an Antidote against it. They still improve in the knowledg of the Way. He meets with his Black Boy in these Parts; Who was to guide him to the Dutch: But dis∣appointed. An extraordinary drought for three or four years together.

CHAP. IX. How the Author began his Escape, and got onward on his way about an hundred miles.

THeir Last and Successful attempt. The Way they went. They design for Ana∣rodgburro: Turn out of the way to avoyd the King's Officers: Forced to pass thro a Governours Yard. The Method they used to prevent his Suspition of them. Their danger by reason of the Wayes they were to pass. They still remain at the Governors to pre∣vent suspition. An Accident that now crea∣ted them great fear: But got fairly rid of it. Get away plausibly from the Governor. In their way, they meet with a River, which they found for their purpose. They come safely to Anarodgburro: This Place descri∣bed. The People stand amazed at them. They are examined by the Governor of the Place. Provide things necessary for their Flight. They find it not safe to proceed fur∣ther this way. Rosolve to go back to the Ri∣ver they lately passed.

CHAP. X. The Authors Progress in his Flight from Anarodgburro into the Woods, unto their arrival in the Malabars Country.

THey depart back again towards the River, but first take their leave of the Gover∣nor here. They begin their Flight; Come to the River along which they resolve to go; Which they Travel along by till it grew dark. Now they fit themselves for their Iourney. Meeting with an Elephant they took up for the second Night. The next morning they fall in among Towns before they are aware. The fright they are in lest they should be seen. Hide themselves in a hollow Tree. They get safely over this danger. In that Evening they Dress Meat and lay them down to sleep. The next morning they fear wild Men, which these Woods abound with. And they meet with many of their Tents. Very near once fall∣ing upon these People. What kind of Tra∣velling they had. Some account of this River. Ruins. The Woods hereabouts. How they secured themselves anights a∣gainst wild Beasts. They pass the River, that divides the King's Countrey from the Malabars. After four or five days Travel, they come among Inhabitants. But do what they can to avoid them. As yet undis∣covered.

CHAP. XI. Being in the Malabar Territories how they encountred two Men, and what passed between them. And of their getting safe unto the Dutch Fort. And their Reception there; and at the Island Ma∣naar, until their Embarking for Columbo.

THey meet with two Malabars. To whom they relate their Condition. Who are courteous to them. But loath to Conduct them to the Hollander. In danger of Ele∣phants. They overtake another Man, who tells them they were in the Dutch Domini∣ons. They arrive at Arrepa Fort. The Author Travelled a Nights in these Woods without fear, and slept securely. Entertained very kindly by the Dutch. Sent to Manaar, Received there by the Captain of the Castle, Who intended they should Sail the next day to Iafnipatan to the Governor. They meet here with a Scotch and Irish Man. The People Flock to see them. They are or∣dered a longer stay. They Embark for Columbo.

CHAP XII. Their Arrival at Columbo, and Entertainment there. Their De∣parture thence to Batavia. And from thence to Bantam; Whence they set Sail for England.

THey are wondered at Columbo; ordered to appear before the Governor. Treat∣ed by English there. They come into the Governor's presence. His State. Matters the Governor enquired of: Who desires him to go with him to Batavia. Cloths them, And sends them Money, and a Chirurgeon. The Author writes a Letter hence to the English he left behind him. The former Demands and Answers penned down in Por∣tugueze by the Governor's Order. They Em∣bark

for Batavia. Their friendly Reception by the Governor there; Who furnishes them with Cloths and Money; And offers them passage in their Ships home. Come home from Bantam in the Caesar.

CHAP. XIII. Concerning some other Nations, and chiefly Europeans, that now live in this Island; Portugueze, Dutch.

MAlabars that Inhabit here. Their Ter∣ritories. Their Prince. That People how governed. Their Commodities and Trade. Portugueze: Their Power and In∣terest in this Island formerly. The great Wars between the King and them forced him to send in for the Hollander. The King invites the Portugueze to live in his Coun∣trey. Their Privileges. Their Generals. Constantine Sa. Who loses a Victory and Stabs himself. Lewis Tissera served as he intended to serve the King. Simon Careé, of a cruel Mind. Gaspar Figazi. Splits Men in the middle. His Policy. Gives the King a great Overthrow, loseth Columbo, and taken Prisoner. The Dutch. The occasion of their coming in. The King their im∣placable Enemy, and why. The Damage the King does them. The means they use to obtain Peace with him. How he took Bib∣ligom Fort from them. Several of their Em∣bassadors detained by the King. The first Embassador there detained since the Author's Remembrance. His Preferment, and Death. The next Ambassador dying there, his Body is sent down to Columbo in great State. The third Ambassador. Gets away by his Resolu∣tion. The fourth was of a milder Nature. The fifth brings a Lion to the King as a Pre∣sent. The number of Dutch there. They follow their Vice of Drinking. The Chingu∣lays prejudiced against the Dutch, and why.

CHAP. XIV. Concerning the French. VVith some Enquiries what should make the King detain white men, as he does. And how the Christian Religon is maintained among the Christians there.

THe French come hither with a Fleet. To whom the King sends Provisions, and helps them to build a Fort. The French Ambassador offends the King. He refuseth to wait longer for Audience. Which more displeaseth him. Clapt in Chains. The rest of the French refuse to dwell with the Ambassador. The King useth means to re∣concile them to their Ambassador. The Au∣thor acquaints the French Ambassador in London, with the Condition of these men. An Inquiry into the reason of this King's detaining Europoeans. The Kings gentle∣ness towards his White Soldiers. They watch at his Magazine. How craftily the King corrected their negligence. The Kings inclinations are towards White men. The Colour of White honoured in this Land. Their privilege above the Natives. The King loves to send for and talk with them. How they maintain Christianity a∣mong them. In some things they comply with the worship of the Heathen. An old Roman Catholick Priest used to eat of their Sacrifices. The King permitted the Portu∣gueze to build a Church.