The Turkish history from the original of that nation, to the growth of the Ottoman empire with the lives and conquests of their princes and emperours / by Richard Knolles ... ; with a continuation to this present year MDCLXXXVII ; whereunto is added, The present state of the Ottoman empire, by Sir Paul Rycaut ...

THE Venetian Successes In Their WAR against the TURKS, In the Year 1689.

* 1.1IN the preceeding Year we made a Relation of the Venetian War against the Turks, maintained in the Island of Negropont, and against the chief City thereof known by that Name. The Enterprize was of great Importance, and the Preparations for the same agreeable to so mighty a Design, which had it succeed∣ed, would not only have settled and esta∣blished the Venetians in their Conquests of the Morea, but rendered them Masters of all the Coast of Romania; but the Ve∣tians instead thereof, being compelled by Sickness, and unfortunate Attacks upon the place, in which they lost many of their brave Officers, to quit the Island with some Confusion, and as it were stealing off in the Night, for fear the Enemy should fall on their Rear, Cannon and Baggage; but the Turks being de••irous to be rid of such Guests, were willing to have made a Bridge for them, rather than to have administred the least Retardment, or Hindrance to their Departure.

All the Auxiliary Gallies, as those of the Pope, Malta, and Florence, being re∣tired (as we have said) to their respective Countries; the main Body of the Veneti∣an Armata entered into the Port of Na∣poli di Romania,* 1.2 with design to Winter there, so as better to Command the Ar∣chipelago, and to be near Negropont, so as to be ready to obstruct the Turks in case they should Attempt to repair those Works, it being intended to make another Attack on that place early in the Spring; and to that end Orders were sent to Venice to dispatch away the Recruits for the Land Forces, wi••h all Necessaries for the Fleet, and Provisions for the Winter, of which there was so great want, that both the Land and Sea Forces had much difficulty to subsist, so melancholy a Countenance was put on through the whole Camp, that nothing but the prevailing Authority of their Doge and Captain-General could ••estrain them from a Mutiny;* 1.3 but that which a little comforted the Soldiery,* 1.4 was the mildness of the Winter, which gave a cheerful green colour to the Fields, which yielded Herbs, and Winter-Fruits in much Plenty; and because the Buildings of the Town had been much destroyed and ruined by the Bombs, and Cannon, they raised little Hutts and Cottages for shelter, and Lodgings for the Soldiery; to which the Athenians, who had no great desire to re∣turn to their own City, had greatly con∣tributed, having Built divers Houses at their own Cost, and with their own La∣bour.

But what most dis-spirited the Army, was the Sickness of the Doge Morosini, who long had laboured under a violent Fever, in such a manner, that the Physi∣cians themselves despaired of his Life; for Conservation of which, solemn Prayers and Processions were appointed to be made, both at Venice,* 1.5 and in all Places under that Dominion.

At length, after a tedious Expectation, the Convoy arrived, to the universal Joy and Consolation of all the Forces and Country round about; which began to give new Life to all Motions and Enter∣prizes,* 1.6 and to inspire the Soldiers with a new stock of Courage; for all People having been supplied both with Money and Provisions;* 1.7 the Carpenters fell hear∣tily to Work on the Vessels; and Gallies, to repair and make them fit for the next Voyage, and the Soldiers remained ready to Embrace any new Enterprize: But the Doge continuing sick, and reduced to a great weakness and debility of Body, put a damp on the Spirits of the Soldiery, and much retarded the proceedings of all Designs.

For ••ho' the Captain Extraordinary Ve∣nier,* 1.8 was Command••d with his Ships to watch, and guard one side of the Chan∣nel of Ne••••••pont,* 1.9 and Captain Valier Com∣mander of the Great Alexander to attend the other: yet the Captain Pasha broke into Negropont, with ten Gallies, and there landed 500 Men, promising them by Or∣der of the Sultan, in a short time, a much greater force, with which they should be supplied very speedily: and that in the mean time, they should labour with all possible industry to repair the Works which the Enemies Bombs and Cannon had ruin∣ed; so that the Venetians were not able to obstruct the Turks from giving Relief to Candia, but instead thereof, had the Mis∣fortune to lose two of their Gallies by Storm, and were forced to return back again to Napoli di Romania, where their chief Comfort was, that the Sickness be∣gan to decrease, which had for some time raged both in the Fleet, Army, and Coun∣tries round the City.

* 1.10The Spring coming on, the Doge began to recover his Health and Strength again, to the great Joy of all the Soldiery, so that he could now attend to Business, and give Orders to the Armata, which had been so well repaired, and Careened, as that the Gallies were in a Condition al∣ready to put to Sea: Notwithstanding all which, the Turks were not obstructed in their passage to Negropont,* 1.11 where four Gal∣lies belonging to the Beyes arrived, bring∣ing Spades, Shovels, Pick-axes, and seve∣ral other Instruments for repairing the Breaches made last Year by the Enemy; on which, their Slaves, being dis-enchain'd from the Oar, laboured Day and Night with all diligence; and Missir Ogli, with some Gallies, was also arrived, being sent to forward that Work; for the Turks had an Opinion, that the Venetians would make another Attempt thereupon, and which should be the Work of the following Sum∣mer.

But the Venetians had suffered so much the last Year before Negropont, that they esteemed themselves in no good Condition for a second Enterprize, they having not as yet licked their Wounds whole, nor recruited their Army, which was much more weak than it was the Year past, and unable to undertake an Enterprize in which they had already been foiled. How∣soever, not to sit Idle, and look about them, their Aim was on Malvasia, to re∣duce which, ten Gallies, and 12 Galleots were dispatched by the Captain-General to assist in the Building of two Forts near the Bridge entering to the Town, on which the Mainotes, whom the Captain-General had armed, were labouring to finish,* 1.12 be∣ing of great importance towards a Block∣ade, and to hinder all Vessels from bring∣ing Provisions to the place: And farther to proceed in this Design, the whole Arma∣ta was Commanded to Sail to Porto Porr••, appointed▪ as it was the last Year, to be the Magazine for Arms, Provisions, and Am∣munition for the War; where being ar∣rived, they attended the Duke of Gua∣dagne, with his Troops for Reinforcement of the Army; and in the mean time, the Bridge was broken, and the two Forts be∣fore Malvasia were finished, and a great number of Boats, Felucca's, and Palan∣dra's, lay before the Town to hinder all sorts of Provisions and Succours from be∣ing brought into it, by which the place was entirely blocked up on all sides,* 1.13 both by Sea and Land; for the situation of the Town being on a Peninsula, there was no Communication could be had with the Country but by the Bridge, and a narrow spot of Land.

Whilst Ma••ters remained in this Nature before Malvasia, a certain Greek, called Li∣berachi, lay encamped near Xeromero alias Missolonghi, with about 100 Turks,* 1.14 150 Sclavonians, and some Deserters from the Venetian Army. This Liberachi or Li••erio, was a Mainote by Nation, a Fellow bold and subtle, and did great Services for the Venetians, until he was tak••n Prisoner by the Turks and carried to Constantinople: He had not remained any long time there, before he gained such Credit with the Turks, that by his fair Words and Pro∣mises, they were perswaded that he could draw all the Mainotes to their Party, and cause them to Revolt from the Venetians. Upon which Opinion, they set him at Liberty, and entertained such Confidence of him, that they gave him the Title and Charge of Bey, that is, Lord of the Mainotes; whereby many Deserters from the Venetian Camp came in to him; And some Propositions for joyning Forces passed between him and Ensign Bossina,* 1.15 who in the Month of October 1687. with most part of the People called Oltramarines, had De∣serted and listed themselves under this Bos∣sina, who stiled himself Commander in Chief of the Deserters; and having his Head-quarters at Carpenizi, towards the Confines of Lepanto, he exacted Contri∣butions from the Villages and Countries round about: With him joyned some other seditious Captains, and a certain Ensign called Vito of Captain Rado's Compa∣ny, a Fellow of a bold Spirit, wi••hout Faith or Honesty; and with him he de∣bauched several dissolute Soldiers to for∣sake the Camp and joyn with Bossina.

The Troops of Liberachi being greatly in∣cr••ased by this Conjunction, the Venetian Generals consulted in what manner they might give a stop to this Desertion,* 1.16 and cut to pieces Liberachi, Bossina, Vito, and their Followers: In the first place it was resolved to declare, That ten Zechins should be given for the Head of every De∣serter, or for any that should be brought alive to the Camp; the which produced an excellent Effect; for hereupon many of the Albanians, who had designed to be of the Conspiracy, changed their Minds, and having possessed themselves of the narrow Passes from Thebes to Petra, Negropont, and Vola,* 1.17 seized on many of them, and brought them back to the Camp, where they sustained the Punishment which their Treachery deserved; by which means the Conspiracy was broken, and many of those who watched an opportunity to Escape, contained themselves within the Limits of their Duty.

But the manner how to Ruin Liberachi was much more difficult, and some Con∣sultations were held thereupon:* 1.18 At length it was concluded, That the only way to Effect this Stratagem, was either by allu∣ring him into the Hands of the Venetians, or by rendring him suspected to the Turks; who upon the least Jealousie were ready to apply the Bow-string to his Throat. To this purpose, a certain Captain, called Iohn Dambi, offered himself, a Person of great Bravery and Conduct, and a good Soldier;* 1.19 one who spake Turkish, Greek, and Italian, and was very well versed in all the Manners, Ceremonies, and Customs of the Turks; and above all, that which made him the most proper Instrument for this work, was, That he had been a most intimate Friend of this Liberachi; for ha∣ving been a Fellow Slave with him, and linked in the same Chain at Constantinople, they became sworn Brothers,* 1.20 and made Protestations of mutual and unviolable Friendship ever to continue; and that af∣ter they should be eased of their Chains, yet the same Bonds of Faith and Affection should never be dissolved.

Nor was Dambi only his Friend; but the Doge Morosini had been Liberachi's Godfather, a Relation much endearing in that Country; and therefore the Title both of Friend, and Godfather, had great Charms with the generous Temper of Liberio; who upon the first notice given him by Dambi, that being at Lepanto, not far from Vracori, was very desirous to make him a Visit, he instantly dispatched a Pass, or Salvo Condotto to him, invi∣ting him with all the kind Terms imagi∣nable to come to him without the least scruple or fear imaginable.

In Confidence of Liberachi's Fidelity, Dambi departed from Lepanto in Company with two Friends, and two Servants; and in two days time arrived at Vracori,* 1.21 where he was received with all the Ceremony and kind Treatment that could be expected. Upon the News of a Stranger's arrival in that Town, the Turks were curious to know who he was, which Liberachi freely declared, saying, That he was come from the Venetian Armata, on no other Design, than as an old Friend, to see him, and tell old Stories of what Troubles and Miseries they had sustained together. The Turks supposing that he might be come over to their side, bid him kindly well∣come; as did also one Marco Stifichi, Cap∣tain of a Galleot, whom the Captain-Ge∣neral had for his many Pyracies commit∣ted to the Gallies; howsoever, in respect to the Oltramarines, had set him at liberty; but he, ungrateful for the favour received, fled to Liberachi, intending to side with the discontented, or rather licentious Mai∣notes under his Command.* 1.22 After some Discourses over a Dish of Coffee and Sher∣bet, according to the Turkish Treatment, the Turks and Stifichi withdrew; and then Liberachi began to unbosom himself to Dambi, That the Obligations he had to the Captain-General, who in the year 1657, had Answered for him at the Holy F••nt in Calamata, were such, as called for all Respect and Duty to him; and more∣over, he could not but be sensible, that his most Serene Highness, could not but be displeased, and troubled to see one, whom he had made a Christian, to side with the Enemies to that Religion; and there∣fore he did not doubt, but that he had sent him, that is, Dambi, to endeavour to get him back to the right Way from whence he had swerved: Dambi hereupon confessed the same, and assured him from the Captain-General of Favour and Pro∣motion, in case he would return, and bring over with him the Revolted Mainotes, which would be a good Example for Bos∣sina, and his Oltramarines to follow.* 1.23 To which Liberachi made this Reply; That he would most readily comply, were not his Obligations too great at Constantinople, where he had not only a Wife and Chil∣dren, but two Friends engaged for his Fi∣delity to the Grand Seignior, and which would most certainly suffer with the Ruin of their Families, should he Prevaricate from the Faith he had given to the Turks; moreover, he had Married the Widow of the late Prince of Moldavia, with an Estate of 20000 Crowns; in which Match, the Grand Vizier had been instrumental; so that his Sin of Ingratitude would be the

more notorious, should he make a Revolt after so many Kindnesses he had received on all sides. By this time Dinner was brought in, which was with great Plenty both of Dishes and Wine, well dressed, and very sumptuous; at which there was none present unless Liberachi himself, Dam∣bi, and his Priest. After Dinner, the same Discourse was carried on, and Dambi per∣sisted to urge him with all the Arguments which Reason could suggest to return un∣to his Duty; but Liberachi still persisted, that his Obligations to his Wife and Chil∣dren were so great, that they out-weighed the Duty to his Princ••; for that the Laws of Nature and Faithfulness given to those, who had been Bail, and Security for his Fidelity, ought upon no Conside∣rations in the World to be violated, and therefore he desired his Friend to press him no farther upon that Point. At the end of this Discourse, one Ali Bey, sent with Money from the Seraskier to pay the Soldiery under Liberachi,* 1.24 came in, and demanded who this Dambi was; and be∣ing informed, that he was an Ancient Friend known to him at Constantinople, and came now to him from the Venetian Ar∣mata, for no other Reason than to make him a Visit: Ali Bey desired, that he might have him in his Custody, to carry before the Seraskier, promising upon his Faith to return him back again in Safety: But Liberachi refusing so to do, saying, That he had pawned his Word already that he should return back without Hin∣drance or Molestation; Ali Bey departed, but with some Threats, that he would make this Denial known unto the Seras∣kier, and how he had given Entertain∣ment to a suspected Stranger. Dambi fear∣ing some stop or trouble from hence would immediately take leave of his Friend, who just at his departure, desired him, that so soon as he should be arrived in the Morea, that he would kiss the Feet of his most Serene Highness, and return him a thousand Thanks for the great Goodness and Favours which he had by many in∣stances demonstrated unto him;* 1.25 giving him to understand the Reasons and Causes which debarred him from enjoying the true Felicity of those many Offers of his most precious Grace and Favour: Howsoever, he gave him Assurances of doing all Ser∣vices possible to his Highness, by advising and informing him of all the Motions and Designs of the Turks; but because the practice hereof might be dangerous by Letters, which were subject to be inter∣cepted; he desired that his Highness would direct the way, and manner of such a Correspondence; And in the mean time, he pray'd Dambi to inform him, [year 1689.] That the Seraskier was at Zittuni, with 4000 Sol∣diers, amongst which were 1200 Horse;* 1.26 That his Orders from the G••and Seignior were, That in case the Venetians should make a second Attempt upon Negropont, and that he had force sufficient, that then he should give them Battle, and not suffer them to Intrench before the City: But if on the contrary, the Venetians should be too strong for him, that then he should endeavour to make a Diversion, by falling into the Morea, wasting and consuming the Country; and that he, Liberachi, was ordered with his Forces, being about 2000 Men, to joyn with the Seraskier in this Action. And farther he desired him to acquaint the Captain-General, That in Negropont they had made a Pallisade round Carababa, about a Musket-shot distant from the Town, which was of great De∣fence to the place. Likewise, That Ibra∣him, who Commands in Negropont, had declared, That in case the Seraskier at Land should not assist him in the Defence of Carababa, it would be impossible to maintain and conserve the City; That they were making other Outworks to cover the place; That the Seraskier was ordered not to depend upon any Succours from Constantinople, but received Com∣mands to raise what Men he was able in the Parts where his Army was, as far as to Larissa; and that the Garrison of Negro∣pont consisted of no more than 30••0 Men: And that the Orders which he himself had received, were to bring all the Country under Contribution from Salona to Santa Maura; which he was resolved to do with great rigour, by forcing them to pay ten Dollars a Head; by which means they would be constrained to fly for Refuge into Morea, which he thought would be of some Advantage to the Venetians. Dis∣coursing farther upon these Matters, Dam∣bi desired to know what was become of Captain Bossina, who Commanded the Ol∣tramarines, which had deserted from the Army; to which he gave Answer, That they were in the Villages of Carpenizi.

In this manner, the Discourse being ended,* 1.27 Liberachi would accompany Dambi on some part of his way, and brought him four Miles with 70 Horse, and some Foot∣men, commanding also two of his Cap∣tains with some Men, to give him Con∣voy so far as the River Lepanto; to which place being conducted with safety, he was admitted with all readiness to the pre∣sence of his Serene Highness, who much applauded the punctual Relations and Ser∣vices of Dambi; hoping from thence, that the Plot could not fail that he had

laid for Liberachi; for either he would be forced thereby to leave the Service of the Turks, with many of his Followers, or otherwise falling into the Jealousie of the Turks by this free Conference, it could not but prove fatal to him; so that take it which way they would, Liberachi was under a necessity with his Men of seeking Refuge under the Protection of the Vene∣tian Arms.

* 1.28These Circumstances being well consi∣dered, were a sufficient motive to Embark the Troops, and to order some Ships, and other Vessels to sail forthwith to Malvasia, and to direct Orders to Gradenigo Prove∣ditor-Extraordinary, to march with the Horse into those Parts. But whilst the Doge was in a readiness to Embark, there arrived an Express with Letters from Deme∣trio Gaspari, an Athenian, dated at Culuri, advising, That he, and those Inhabitants had received Intelligence, That several Galleots belonging to the Enemy, were coming upon them, and therefore in all Humility, they supplicated, that they would come to their Assistance and Suc∣cour; Whereupon Orders being given to the Galleasses, Ships, and Galleots to sail for Malvasia,* 1.29 the Doge with the Gallies took his Course directly for Culuri; but before they could come thither, labouring against the Winds by force of their Oars, the Turks had been there, and transported from thence 350 Greeks, for the most part Women and Children; for the Men had secured themselves in the Mountains; but great Instances being made for their Tran∣sportation to some more secure place, and that they might be set ashore on the Island of Egena; it was ordered, that three Ves∣sels should attend, and carry them to what Place they should determine; and then the Doge proceeded to the Island of Spe∣cie, and the day following to Malva∣sia.

And here having Intelligence, That se∣veral Barbarosse Ships infested the Coasts of Zant, and Sapienza, and had already taken a Patach belonging to Zant; the Doge began to be in some fear for the Convoy expected with Money from Ve∣nice for Subsistence of the Army, under the Command of Girolamo Cornaro Prove∣ditor-General of the Sea;* 1.30 the which be∣ing debated at a Council of War, and the importance of the Matter well consider'd, it was resolved to dis-speed away immedi∣ately, the Proveditor of the Armata, Au∣gustino Sagredo, with twelve Gallies, and Lorenzo Venier, Captain-Extraordinary, with six Ships, with Orders to sail as far as Corfu to meet the aforesaid Cornaro, and to bring him and the Ships under his Convoy, laden with Money and other Necessaries, in security to the Fleet. In which matter, both the Commanders of the Gallies and Ships having received their Instruction, and having provided them∣selves with all things necessary for their Voyage, they set sail in few hours before Night.

In the Morning the Ships were observed to be at some distance from the Shore, and at least ten Miles from the Gallies, which were making their way to Cape St. Angelo, the which gave some Trouble to the Doge, by thinking, that in case these two Divisions▪ were so far separated at the beginning, what would become of them before the end of the Voyage; Whilst the Doge thought of these things, a great Fleet appeared Steering directly to that Port,* 1.31 which coming nearer was found to be the Fleet which brought the Duke of Guadagne, Serjeant-General Baron Spaar, and several other Officers, with 333 Foot Soldiers.

About this time arrived the unhappy News of the loss of two Venetian Gallies,* 1.32 one Commanded by Pietro Dona, and the other by Henrico Pappafava, both Vene∣tian Noblemen, taken by the Corsairs of Tripoli on the Coast of Sapienza. This Advice was very surprizing to the Doge, it being a loss which had not happened with so much Disgrace for many years to the Venetian Arms; and the more strange it was, in regard, That Francesco Dona was on Board the Galley, a Person of great Experience in Maritime Affairs, and yet suffered himself to be deceived by two white Streamers or Pendants which the Enemy had put forth, to be esteemed French, by which the Gallies were de∣coyed so near, as to be out of all possi∣bility of Escape.

The Doge having laid Siege to the Town of Malvasia both by Sea and Land, a certain Slave, who had been Captain of a Tartana,* 1.33 having made an Escape from the Fortress, gave an Account of the State and Condition of the Town and Castle; relating, that the Garrison con∣sisted only of 700 stout Soldiers, with which, and with the Inhabitants, they might amount to about 2000 Souls, Wo∣men and Children, all resolved to defend themselves, as appeared by the Sequel. The Commanders in Chief were Mustapha Disdar, or Governor of the Castle, an antient Man, who carried great Authori∣ty and Resolution in his Face and Actions: And Assan Aga, who Commanded the Town, who upon approach of the Ene∣my, caused their Galleots, Brigantines, and smaller Boats and Vessels to be drawn

close under the Wall of the Town,* 1.34 for their better security; That the Houses of the Town were strongly built; and that the principal Persons thereof had filled all thei•• upper Rooms with Earth, to cover them from the Bombs; but that the Streets for the most part were very nar∣row: That the Turks were then at work in drawing their Cannon to such parts of the Wall, from whence they might most annoy the Bridge: That the rich Inhabi∣tants were well supplied with Provisions, of which they were forced to Communi∣cate some part to the poorer sort: That the Garrison was not paid; but that con∣sisting for the most part of Natives of the Country, and Seamen inured to Hard∣ship and Pyracy, were contented to suffer and undergo any Trouble and Want for the Sake and Defence of their Native Ci∣ty: And in shorr, That besides the Gar∣rison there were about 160 Greeks, who kept Watch and Ward, and underwent all the Duties of a regular Militia.

This Information gave some Retardment to the formal Siege and Attack of the place; for it was resolved to attend the arrival of the several Convoys, and Auxi∣liary Gallies shortly expected; and that in the mean time, the Town should be kept under a strict Blockade, and the Guards placed in all the Avenues and Pas∣sages to the Town, where the Duke de Gua∣dagne the General should judge most pro∣per to dispose them;* 1.35 and to lose no time, all the Troops were drawn into a Body, that a particular Review and Ac∣count might be taken of the Numbers and Condition of the whole Army.

Whilst these things were acting, the eight Gallies of Malta began to appear, being then Doubling the Cape of St. An∣gelo,* 1.36 Commanded by Fra. Carlo Spinelli, who was Bali of Armenia; a worthy Sol∣dier, and a Religious Commander, whose Fortune being to joyn the Venetian Fleet on St. Iohn's Day their Tutelar Saint, ad∣ded very much to the Joy and Festivity of the Day. And what farther increased the Satisfaction both of the Fleet and Ar∣my, was at the same time to see the happy arrival of a Convoy Commanded by Pie∣tro Bembo,* 1.37 bringing 72000 Zechins in Gold for Service of the Army; upon which also arrived, the Prince de Harcourt, and Count Enea Rapetta Serjeant-Generals, besides several select Companies of Foot to the number of 455 Soldiers, with Provisions of all sorts for their Support and Main∣tenance; as also the Regiments of Hisy, and Simon Famfogna, both Colonels of Croatia, consisting of about 700 Foot; as also a Regiment of Dragoons of the the same Country,* 1.38 under the Command of Colonel Strel. After the Entrance of these several Gallies and Vessels into Port; and having cast Anchor in their orderly Divisions, and the Salutes made and re∣turned by Cannon, and Vollies of small shot, according to the customary Civili∣ties of the Seas,* 1.39 the Admiral of Malta attended with his Followers of Knights and Gentlemen, went to pay his Visit to the Doge, after the same manner as he had done the year before, (which hap∣pened then to be on the 16th of Iuly) the Ducal Galley remain'd with it's An∣chor a-Pique, in an open place, having the Galleasses for Antiguards, with their Anchors also a-Pique, and with Streamers and Colours flying, as is usual in such Solemnities; The Doge received these Generals below on the Deck, and after∣wards conducted them into the Poop, where having entertained one the other, with Discourses of their respective Voy∣ages, and of the present state of the Camp before the Town, and passed other Civili∣ties and Compliments, they took their leaves, and returned to their several Ves∣sels.

The next Day the Doge sent his Lieu∣tenant-General Andrea Pisani to return the Compliments in his Name with the like Ceremony,* 1.40 and to deliver unto those Ge∣nerals the several Ordinances of War, and the Instructions both for Fighting and Navigation. After which, a Council of War was called, at which the Doge, the General of Malta, the Duke of Guadagne, and all the General Officers both of Sea and Land, were present to Consult, and take such Measures as were most agree∣able to the present Exigencies.

There were four Propositions made for employing their Arms, and four Designs offered, but they were all of so different a Nature, that they could not come to any Determination at that Meeting; but at length, after various Reflections made on the necessity there was of coming to a Resolution, it was concluded, That General Guadagne should with his Cavalry take a view of the Streight of Corinth,* 1.41 (which is that Neck of Land which joyns the Morea to Greece) and upon a Survey thereof to make a Calculate, how many Men would be required to Maintain and Defend that Pass in case the Turks should endeavour to force their entrance that way into the Morea, it being of great impor∣tance to fortifie that passage, and not leave it open, and undefended to the Incursion of the Turks; whilst the Armata should be employed on other Enterprizes.

Whilst things remained under these Un∣certainties, News was brought by an Ex∣press from Salona, That Liberachi had wrote a menacing Letter to the Bayliffs and prin∣cipal Men belonging to the Villages and Parts adjacent, that they should come and pay their Respects to him,* 1.42 and bring their Carach, or Poll-Money with them, or o∣therwise he would come and punish them according as their Disobedience should de∣serve. To which they unanimously made Answer, That he might come when he plea∣sed, that they feared him not; and that he should find their Scimetars to be as keen, and sharp as his. Liberachi upon this An∣swer, being then at Zittuni, not far from Salona, immediately put his Troops in or∣der, and marched against them; and was boldly encountred by Charopoliti, who Commanded the Country People, and be∣ing joyned with some Troops of the Con∣federate Provinces, and of the Oltramarines, (who under the Command of Elia Damia∣novick, had deserted the Venetian Army) they joyned Battle with Liberachi, and af∣ter a Bloody Fight defeated him,* 1.43 and carried many of the Turks Heads to General Cornaro, who with his Gally was nearly approached to that Coast.

But as to the Venetian Arms, all things remained still and without motion;* 1.44 only the Doge and Guadagne passed with some Gallies along the Shoar-side by way of the Gardens, to take necessary Observations of the Countenance of the Enemy, and Situ∣ation of the place, without coming to any certain Resolution. Howsoever at length, after long Debates, they resolved at a Council of War, (that their Arms might not remain longer unemployed) to dis-speed the Cavalry, which were to march by Land, and 3000 Foot Soldiers to be embarked on the Ships, furnished with all sorts of Pro∣visions both for Arms, and Victuals, and therewith to fail to the Streight of Corinth, to disappoint the Seraskier of all hopes of Entrance into the Morea:* 1.45 The Prince Har∣court was to Command the Horse, accom∣panied with the Sergeant-General Spaar; who joyning with the Auxiliaries of that Country under the Command of Dambi, it was calculated, that they might form a Bo∣dy of about 7000 fighting Men effective; who were to be attended by Cornaro the Proveditor-General, who, with some Gal∣lies, was to assist as any occasion should oc∣cur.

But whilst this Design was putting in practice, and all things prepared for the March and Voyage of the Soldiers, and some already gone, the unhappy News ar∣rived,* 1.46 That the Plague was broken out in the Country of Tropoliza, whereby the whole Army might be in danger of Conta∣gion;* 1.47 that being the common Way, and Road by which all the Provisions were to pass for Relief of the Army, unless they would take a compass by Sea round the Morea, which would be an uncertain and te∣dious Navigation. But His Serene Highness the Doge, having put all things in the most secure manner possible to avoid Infection, 14 Sail of Ships were dispatched for Tran∣sport of the Soldiers, on which were laden the Chevaux de Frise, with all sorts of Pro∣visions, and Ammunition for War, and Su∣stenance of the Soldiers. And that the City of Malvasia might still remain streightned by a Blockade, and as it were Besieged, the two Forts were finished, which served to keep the Defendants within the compass of their own Walls, and to hinder them from other Avenues on the side towards the Gardens, at that place which is called Palio Dirgo,* 1.48 some Regiments were ordered to raise certain Forts and Redoubts on that side, the Slaves belonging to the Gallies, which were brought as near as they could come, were employed in the Works to cast up Earth, and make Faggots; and a Squa∣dron of Gallies under Command of Pisani, was posted there to be assistant to the Regi∣ments ashoar.

The Doge in the mean time removed from the Fort of St. Nicholas, which was the Old Malvasia, towards the New Forts, which being entirely compleated, four pie∣ces of great Cannon of 50 Pound Bullet were Landed, and planted on the principal Fortress, whence they greatly annoyed th•• Turks; howsoever the Enemy was not neg∣ligent on the other side to ply their Can∣non on that part which is nearest to the Bridge.

In the mean time also the General of Malta,* 1.49 (for whom at present there was no great Action) by permission of the Doge received license to be absent for 15 Days, and to cruise about the Cape of Sapienza, and Watch for the Corsairs of Barbary, which did commonly infest the Seas.

About this time Prince Maximilian of Brunswick arrived at the Armata, where the Day following he was received with the u∣sual Ceremony by the Doge; he brought with him no more force than what served for his own Equipage, and for the better Defence of the Ship, on which he was Em∣barked: but so soon as this Prince had per∣formed his Complements,* 1.50 a sudden Storm arose with Hail and Wind, so violent, as put all the Gallies into imminent danger; some lost their Boltsprits, others their Main-Yards, others had their Oars broken, some had their Poops blown away, and Boats were overturned, with such prodigious Hail,

as the like had scarce ever been seen before. In short the whole Armata was in danger of being lost; but God be praised, tho' the Escape was wonderful, yet it cost some Trou∣ble, Time, and Charges to repair the Da∣mages; in which also the Forces on Land had their share, having had their Tents and Huts overthrown by this Hurricane of Wind; only the Turks received some bene∣fit thereby, having had their Cisterns filled with the Showers of Rain and Hail, which fell like a Deluge into all the Receptacles and Vessels made to receive fresh Water for the Use and Service of this City, of which before this Accident, they began to be sen∣sible of some want.

And now Letters were brought from the Forces lately sent to guard the Streight of Corinth, that the Defence and Conservation of that place, would require a 1000 Men more; which His Serene Highness being desired to dispatch away, they were with∣out any delay embarked on the Squadron of Captain Pisani, and by that time the Batteries for the Mortar-pieces being also completed,* 1.51 they began to throw their Bombs and Carcasses thick into the Town, which so incommoded the Defendants, that the Venetians began to conceive some hopes of a speedy Surrender, and the Forts play∣ed so constantly on the Town, to open and widen the Breaches, as if they had intend∣ed to have stormed the Walls, for which they had neither Men, nor other Preparations. Howsoever it was hoped, that by the Can∣non and Bombs only, the City might be reduced: For that a Magazine of Powder in a place called the Wind-Mill, was blown up, and by a Report received from some Deserters,* 1.52 the Defendants were extreamly annoyed by the Bombs; of which their greatest damage was to their Cisterns, and Conservatories of Water; by this intelli∣gence the Doge was encouraged to ply them incessantly with Bombs, not only from the Land-side, but from three Palanders, or Bomb-Ships, two of which were placed di∣rectly opposite to the City, and a third was drawn just under the Fortress to increase the Annoyance which was made by the Can∣non.

* 1.53In the mean time at the expiration of the 14 Days allotted, the Malta Gallies return∣ed from cruising on the Coast of the Cape Sapienza, having neither met the Ships of Barbary, nor other Booty: And whereas it was represented, that these Gallies could be little serviceable at present towards the Sub∣jection and Surrender of the City, it was judged, that they might be best employed in cruising on the Pirates of Barbary, and securing the Christian Vessels which Trade in those Seas; and accordingly those Gallies were without the least delay dispatched a∣gain for the Cape Lands, which are most infested by the Pirates, being favoured by the Northern Winds, which continued for several Days,* 1.54 even to the end of this Month.

But this Wind which was beneficial to the Gallies of Malta, was so prejudicial and dangerous to the Palanders, as put them besides all their Works and Operations; so that instead of annoying the Town, they had Business enough to save themselves from sinking in the Seas, which the Nor∣therly Winds drove violently upon them: So that now the Besiegers had nothing to annoy the Enemy, but what was thrown from the Forts erected on the Land.

Things in this m••nner no•• succeeding well on the Venetian side,* 1.55 some little encou∣ragement was administred by the Arrival of the Proveditor General of the Seas,* 1.56 Gi∣rolamo Cornaro, who on the 5th of the Month of August, whilst the Doge was in person on the side of the Gardens, to invigorate, and by his presence to animate the Ap∣proaches against the Town, was discover∣ed to double the Cape of St. Angelo with two Gallies, and a Galleot, and to bend his Course directly towards the Fleet. The Arrival of Cornaro, a person of so much Honour and Esteem, generally applauded in all parts, gave wonderful satisfaction to the Fleet and Army; for tho' the Gallies and Galleot he brought with him, could not contribute much to the Reinforcement of the Armata; yet the Reputation of such a person, renowned as well for his Bravery and Conduct, as for the fame of his Family and Ancestors, gave a general Satisfaction and Confidence to all the Forces.

It being observed by the Doge, that not∣withstanding all their Endeavours, no great Advancement was made on the Town, and that the Defendants continued still resolute and unterrified, and therefore that some∣thing more effectual should be attempted upon them, to force them to a Surrender: It was ordered, that four of the greatest Ships should be appointed to batter the Town with their Cannon, whilst an At∣tempt should be made to burn their Galle∣ots, Brigantines, and Londra's,* 1.57 which were drawn up close under the Walls: To exe∣cute this Enterprize, four Boats, or Pinna∣ces armed with Stout Resolute Seamen, Commanded by Peter Ferrari, were ap∣pointed to burn the Vessels lying under the Walls, and being furnished with Fireworks, were to make an Attack on them, under the Smoak of the Cannon, which were to play on the Town from the four Ships.

Things being all prepared for such an Enterprize, the Doge left his own, and mounted the Galley of Pisani, who was Captain of the Slaves condemned to the

Oar,* 1.58 and thereon returned to the Garden side, to be a Spectator of the Action, know∣ing that his presence would much animate and inspire Courage into the Assailants. The next Day being the time appointed, a Body of about 100 Oltramarines, were or∣dered in the Night to hide themselves un∣der some little Hills and Rocks called Gre∣bani, and at the Foot of one of the Ene∣mies Forts, to cover the Attack in case the Turks should make a Sally from the Town. But the Success did not answer the Expecta∣tion of the Martial Spirits of so many brave Officers and Soldiers,* 1.59 who came down in great Numbers to behold the per∣formance of this Action; the which was absolutely defeated for want of the four Ships, which were detained below by con∣trary Winds: Howsoever the Expectation being great, the Officers on the shoar ap∣proached the Town nearer than was neces∣sary and safe, of which the Turks not neg∣lecting their Advantage, made many Shots amongst them from the Walls, one of which killed Lorenzo Venier,* 1.60 Captain Extraordina∣ry of the Ships, and Michael Angelo Carac∣cioli, a Cavalier of Malta, whilst they were both in serious Discourse together, having received the Mortal Blow on their Heads. The Death of Venier was greatly lamented not only by the Doge, but by the whole Army, and indeed the Loss was general, being one of the most able Citizens of Ve∣nice, and the best Sea Captain belonging to that Republick: And indeed it seemed, as if an unhappy Constellation had been reign∣ing over him at that time, when being de∣sirous to be aboard for better direction of the four Ships, the Doge permitted him not,* 1.61 out of a regard to his Person, which he did not think fit to adventure on so de∣sperate a hazard, so that what was intend∣ed for his Conservation, was turned to his Loss and Destruction.

But this was not all the Misfortune; for the Turks observing such a Concourse of People, and from thence apprehending some intention of an Assault, made a Sally, not only from the Town, but from the Rocks,* 1.62 under which the Oltramarines had concealed themselves; where the Turks fal∣ling on them in the Rear, killed many of them, and put the rest to Flight; and tho' the Sergeant-Major Tomaso Pompei, with some of his Men,* 1.63 came in to their Succour, he got nothing thereby more than a Mu∣sket-shot in his Thigh, after which he was forced to retreat.

After which unhappy Misfortune, the Doge returned to his Ducal Gally greatly afflicted for the Death of Venier; by which the Ships wanting an Admiral, Domenico Diedo was substituted in his place, until the return of Pisani from the Gulf of Corinth. All which time the Forces sent to guard that important Pass and Narrow leading in∣to the Morea, remained there without any Action, the Seraskier not intending to make any effort thereon for that Year;* 1.64 for that his Eyes being fixed on Negropont, where he expected that the Venetians should re∣new their Attempt, he judged that their appearance before Malvasia, was nothing but a Blind to divert him from the guard of that important place.

Things not being very promising before Malvasia, and little hopes to subdue it by force, the Doge resolved to spend the re∣mainder of the Summer in cruising in the Archipelago; but not to lose all the Fruits of the preceding Labours, the Redoubt raised at the Bridge was fortified and perfected, and the other Forts strengthned with as ma∣ny Men and Cannon, as were esteemed sufficient both to keep the Enemy from Sallying out, or Provisions from entring in; but before the Doge departed, four of the greatest Ships were ordered to batter the Town,* 1.65 and give a farewell to them with their biggest Cannon: The which being performed within Musket-shot, ruined al∣most all the Suburbs, yet not without some Loss aboard the Ships by the Enemies Small-shot from the Walls.

The Preparations for securing the Block∣ade of the Town being perfected, and the Work of Careening, Washing, and Tallow∣ing of the Venetian, and Maltese Gallies being ended,* 1.66 it was concluded necessary to execute the former resolution of sailing up the Archipelago, to the Gulph of Negropont, whereby the Seraskier might be alarm'd, and amused so far as to keep his Forces on that side, and without farther attempt, to pass the Streight of Corinth into the Morea; and that in the mean time all things might be secured before Malvasia, four Gallies were appointed to remain there, under the Com∣mand of Frederico Bembo, and Colonel Fabio Lanoia to maintain the first Fortress, and Co∣lonel Carlo Montanari the second, with their respective Regiments.

All things being thus ordained, and a∣greed, the Doge weighed Anchor in the Night, and endeavoured to get out, but the Winds being contrary, he was forced to return back again to an Anchor; as the like happened also the next Day, not only by contrary Winds, but by some Misunder∣standings between the Vessels of the Van-Guard. But what was worse than all the former Misfortunes,* 1.67 the Doge was seized with such a violent Fever, as confined him to his Bed, in which the Physicians disco∣vered very dangerous Symptoms of a long Distemper. Moreover some unhappy Re∣ports

were then flying abroad,* 1.68 That the Cap∣tain Pasha was come out, and roving upon the Seas in the Archipelago with 14 Gallies, 31 Ships, including those of Barbary, and 18 Galleots, with design to raise Catach, or Contributions from the Islands: But no great credit was given to that Report, by reason that the Season of the Year was so far advanced, that it seemed rather time to lay up Vessels in Harbour, than to begin a new Expedition. Howsoever the News hereof, and the Distemper of the Doge in∣creasing, which the Physicians termed a Relapse, and therefore more dangerous, de∣claring also that the change of Air would be the most proper Remedy for the Disease,* 1.69 it was resolved, That the Charge and Com∣mand of the Fleet, should be committed to the Conduct of that Wise and Prudent Ca∣valier Cornaro the Proveditor-General of the Seas, whose Vice-Admiral was Carlo Pisani, and Rear-Admirals Bartolmeo Gredenigo, and Giovanni Pizzamano; to whom also the Gal∣ley of Ludovico Balbi designed for Dalma∣tia was joyned, together with the Gallies of Malta, which being according to the Sea∣son of the Year, recalled home; the Admi∣ral with that Squadron, sailed with the Ve∣netians, esteeming it a great Honour to ac∣company the Doge on that occasion, so far as his Way and Course would admit.

In this manner the Doge, whose Illness increased, set sail the 15th of September, and directing his Course towards Venice, came the next Day in sight of Coron, and passing at no great distance from Modon, they An∣chored that Night at Prodano, and the next Day in the Road of Zant; where having remained all that Day, they Anchored the next Day in Port Viscardo upon the Island of Ceffalonia, and the following Day at Corfu. We omit all the Ceremonies which passed between the Armata, and the Officers of the several Cities, and Countries by which they sailed; as also the short stay made at Casopo, where Prayers and Money were offered at the Miraculous Image of our Lady, for the Health and Recovery of the Doge; and here it was not far from the Rock of Iasse∣no,* 1.70 that the Gallies of Malta taking their leave of the Venetian Fleet, returned to their own Country: From Casopo they came to the Entrance of Cattaro, where they had intelligence, that Alexander Molino, Prove∣ditor-General in that Province, was return∣ed from Narenta, having failed of the De∣sign he undertook in those Parts, by reason that the Morlacks had not executed his Or∣ders.

On the 28th they came in sight of Ra∣gusi, from whence the Senate sent off five of their principal Gentlemen to Complement the Doge; but by reason of his Indisposi∣tion they were introduced to the Presence of the Lieutenant-General, to whom, with sensible Expressions of their Sorrow for the Indisposition of His Most Serene High∣ness,* 1.71 they declared the great Honour and Deference they conserved for the Most Se∣rene Republick of Venice, being extreamly sorry, that they should be deprived of the satisfaction of laying themselves at the Feet of His Highness: After which they made their Presents of all sorts of Refreshments, such as Confects, Fowl, Fruit, Wax, Herbs, and Ice, with whatsoever else might be ac∣ceptable at Sea.

The 1st of October they Anchored before the City and Castle of Spalato,* 1.72 * 1.73 the strong∣est Venetian Garrison that is on the Dalma∣tian Shoar, commanded by Bartolmeo Grit∣ti, who with the Archbishop attended with many Followers, came to the side of the Ducal Galley, where they were received by the Lieutenant-General. And here it was thought fit to pass the Quarantene, which is observed with indispensible Rigour by all Vessels coming from the Levant; for which this being esteemed a commodious place, Orders were given for fitting and preparing the Lazaretto, and to provide it with all things necessary, and with faithful and di∣ligent Guardians.

And here it was that the Doge having all things fitly accommodated for him, went ashoar to enjoy something of Repose and Rest, being much weakned by his Sickness and Fatigues of his Voyage. From hence was dispatched an Express to the Senate,* 1.74 to give them notice, that the Doge resolved to make his Contumacia at that Place,* 1.75 and was already entered into Quarantene. In answer unto which, the Senate dispatched their Ducal Letters to signifie their Pleasure, that the Doge might continue to finish his Quarantene at Spalato; to which end the Prior, and Overseers of the Health, were dispatched from Venice to take care that all things relating to that Matter, should be performed with due Care and Punctuality; and accordingly all things were inspected by them, whether of Goods or Merchan∣dize, and nothing of rigour omitted with the least respect to the Person of the Doge, or his Retinue.

At the beginning of November,* 1.76 News was brought to Spalato, That the Provedi∣tor-General Molino, had succeeded in his Design against Trebigne, having possessed himself in that Country of 10 Towers, of which he had demolished seven, and retain∣ed three, into which he had put some For∣ces, which might serve to incommode the Turks in their Excursions.

During the time of this Q••arantene, no∣thing passed at Spalato, but only Triumphs

and Festivals for the Successes of Prince Lewis of Baden against the Turks,* 1.77 and for the Election of Cardinal Ottoboni to the Pa∣pal Throne,* 1.78 under the Name of Alexan∣der VIII. Letters also were brought from the Ports of Malvasia, of the 4th of Octo∣ber, That the General of the Seas Cornaro, departed from thence the 23d of September, with the Gallies under his Command; ha∣ving left four Gallies behind for Guards un∣der Rear-Admiral Bembo, and 10 Ships un∣der Marco Pisani; and that since the Depar∣ture of the Doge, about 30 Persons had made their escape out of Malvasia, declar∣ing the great Misery which was in the City, besides the raging Diseases of Fluxes and Convulsions.

In performance of the Quarantene the Month of November passed, and an entrance made into the Month of December, by which the Doge being returned to a better State of Health, and all the Gallies well refresh∣ed,* 1.79 and in a good Condition, and supplied with Provisions, come from Venice; and all things put into a Posture for Sailing; Prattica was given to the whole Fleet, (that is, a License of Converse and Communica∣tion) by the Officers of Health; and next Day being the 17th of December,* 1.80 Anchors were weighed, and the Doge proceeded on his Voyage towards Venice, where he arri∣ved about the end of this Month; with which the Year expiring, we shall not need to describe the glorious Reception of the Doge into the Palace of St. Mark,* 1.81 with all the Pomp and Magnificence which the Riches, and fervent affection of this cele∣brated City, and Wise Senate could confer on a Prince so famous and deserving as this: And so let us proceed to the following Year.

Anno 1690.

* 1.82THUS far had the Affairs of Christen∣dom succeeded prosperously against the Turks; for tho' the Venetians had for the two last Years performed no great Feats, yet the Imperial Arms under the Conduct of Prince Lewis of Baden, had been Pro∣sperous even to a Miracle; but now the German Empire being furiously Attacked within the Bowels of it by the Arms of France, there was a necessity to look home∣wards, and for the several Princes to pro∣vide for their own Safety, and guard their own Countries, for which reason many of the German Troops being called out of Hungary, the main Burden of the War fell upon the Emperor, and was carried on with va∣rious Success, tho' for the most part Pro∣sperous, whilst his Affairs were under the Auspicious Government of that Valiant and Renowned General Prince Lewis of Baden.

This Month of Ianuary began not very favourably on the Christian side; for the Prince of Holstein hearing that the Turks miserably destroyed the Countries round about, he marched to Prisseren, with some Troops to meet them, and thence, not being able to spare many Forces, he detached the Prince of Hanover, and Colonel Strasser, to relieve the Pass of Casseneck, which was said to be Besieged by the Turks: On the the 1st of Ianuary, when they decamped from before Prisseren or Prissina, their Troops consisted of 120 Foot, drawn from the Re∣giment of Aspremont; 80 of Aversperg's, five Companies of Dragoons of the Prince of Hanover's Regiment, eight Troops of Horse of Holstein, six Troops of Horse of Hanover, four Troops of Horse of the Re∣giment of Stirum; all which did not a∣mount unto more than 1600 Men, with which they marched so diligently, that the next Day they arrived near Casseneck, in sight of the Enemy; their Orders were not to approach too near, nor advance too far, until they had well observed the true strength of the Enemy, and discovered whether they were so strong as had been reported: Accordingly they at first posted themselves with their Backs to a Morass, and planted four Field-Pieces against the Enemy, who durst not Attack them in that Place; but keeping within the Hills and Woods, they detached 1000 Tartars into the open Fields, upon sight of which, Colonel Stras∣ser quitting his Advantageous Post, forced them to retreat with the Death of some of them; but the Germans being now in the open Field, and not able to retreat, they found themselves surrounded on all sides with 30000 of the Enemy, against which having sustained a Battle from Nine in the Morning, till Three in the Afternoon,* 1.83 and having spent all their Powder and Ammuni∣tion, they were at last totally defeated. In this Fight the Prince of Hanover, Colo∣nel Strasser, Count Solari, with most of the Officers, and many of the Common Soldiers were killed on the Place, most of the Prisoners being wounded, died; all their Colours, Kettle-Drums, &c. were taken by the Enemies; nevertheless 6 or 700 Men, by help of the Night, and of Woods and Mountains, came safe to Bel∣grade, from whence they were dispatched to their Regiments.

This News being brought the same Night to the Prince of Holstein unto Prissi∣na, he retreated from thence to Nissa, lea∣ving behind all the Forage and Baggage of the Regiment of Stirum.

On the 4th the Regiment of Piccolomini, which was to joyn with Strasser, having no Advice of the Defeat, came near to Casse∣neck, under the Command of Lieutenant-Colonel Count Montecelli,* 1.84 so soon as he came in sight of the Tartars, they immediately Invested him, but he very prudently re∣treated towards a Morass, over which there was a Bridge; on the other side whereof he commanded a Lieutenant with 30 Horse to guard that end of the Bridge, until he put himself in a Posture to fight on the other side. After some time the Tartars Attacked them on both sides, the Lieutenant with 30 Men defended himself for a good while; until being over-powered, he was relieved by two Companies sent to his Assistance,* 1.85 and on both sides defended themselves so valiantly until Night, that under shelter of the Darkness, they made their Retreat; the Tartars followed them with great noise for the space of an Hour, but could not put them into disorder; so about Midnight, they arrived at Prissina, which Place they found Abandoned; but having refreshed themselves and their Horses there for a while, they proceeded to Procopia with the loss only of about 30 Men, and one Cap∣tain and some wounded, their Baggage was not with them, they having sent it to Poza, and Novibassa, which afterwards fell into the Hands of the Enemy, with most of those which accompanied it, the rest saved themselves in the Woods.

By this time Veterani who was appoint∣ed General in the Place of Piccolomini de∣ceased, arrived at Nissa from Transilvania, with some Troops; which being a Place o∣pen to the Attack of the Enemy, and much feared, they caused the Garrison and Inha∣bitants to work Night and Day upon the Fortifications; Veterani also provided Py∣rot, Procopia, Mustapha Palanca, being Pas∣ses, with all Necessaries, and demolished Cossova, Albania, and some other little Pla∣ces, from whence he withdrew the Soldiers to strengthen Places of greater moment.

* 1.86The Pass Casseneck which was Besieged, (wherein was a Garrison of 180 Men) and before which the Turks had raised a Battery of seven Guns, defended it self several Days, and at length surrendred on Conditi∣ons, one of which was that they should be conducted to Belgrade.

Whilst things were acting on this side, Colonel Corbelli, who commanded the Block∣ade of great Waradin, received Advice that the Turks at Bellingesh had provided a great Number of Cattle, and 100 Waggons with Provisions, under a strong Convoy, to be put into Waradin for relief of the City, whereupon making a Detachment of 200 Horse, 300 Dragoons, 300 Hussars, and 200 Heydukes, he marched therewith to∣wards Bellingesh; but those of the Place having received early notice hereof from Waradin,* 1.87 withdrew all their Provisions in∣to the Castle, so that the original Design of Corbelli was defeated, yet not to return empty, he stormed and entered the Palanca, where after the Slaughter of several Turks, he plundered, and carried away every thing that was in it: He could not Attack the Castle which was well fortified, for want of Cannon; and therefore having destroyed the Palanca, with the Gardens thereabouts, he returned back with good Booty.

On the 15th Tekeli with his Men, and 2000 Turks, arrived near Oraviza, with a design to Attack Temeswaer; but he miscar∣ried therein, and was forced to retreat.

On the other side the Governor of Lip∣pa, Captain Christopher Morris, with Cap∣tain Baltasar, having under them 100 Hus∣sars, 100 Horse of Heisler's, and 100 Dra∣goons, marched towards Temeswaer, with design to surprize some Turks in the Villa∣ges thereabouts, but meeting with none, they proceeded until they came in sight of the City; leaving the greatest part of their Troops in Ambuscade at some distance from them: Upon their Approach, the Turks sal∣lied out with Horse and Foot, and posted themselves in a hollow Way, where the Germans, under the cover of a Mist or Fog, attacked them, the Hussars falling upon their Horse,* 1.88 and the Dragoons on the Jani∣zaries, with such bravery, that they put them to flight; after having killed above 300 on the Place, and taken several Priso∣ners, and having only four Men killed, and nine wounded, they retired back again to Lippa.

About this time 50 Soldiers having de∣serted the Service of Tekeli, took the Oaths of Fidelity to the Emperor, and were sent to Prissina to recruit the Garrison of that Pass, consisting of some Imperial, and Ras∣cian Troops. These Deserters gave Intelli∣gence to General Veterani, that Sultan Galga the Tartar, was designed in a few Days to joyn with Tekeli, and to make an Invasion into Transilvania; upon which, Orders were given to work on the Fortifications on the Frontiers, with all diligence: And now Ad∣vices came to Nissa, That the Turks had burnt Uranic, with all the Villages round that Place; as also Cossova, and the adja∣cent Places near to Prissina; but some little time before this piece of Execution was performed, the Turks had allured the poor Peasants, with their Wives and Children,* 1.89 to return from the Woods and Mountains, to their own Dwellings, where they promised them Quietness, Protection, and Safety; but the Tartars not having been concerned in

this Guaranty, the poor People were no sooner returned to their Habitations, but they were barbarously attacked by the Tar∣tars, who killed all the Old Men and Wo∣men, and carried away the Young of both Sexes into Captivity: After this unhamane Butchery Sultan Galga retreated with most of his Hords to Sophia, and thence by way of Nicopolis he made all the haste possible to return for Budziack, because he had recei∣ved Advices,* 1.90 That the Moscovites with a very numerous Army, were on the Fron∣tiers, ready to Invade his Country; but his March was not so hasty, but that he had time, after the Tartarian Fashion, to de∣stroy the Province of Schnepoli; and to kill, and assassinate all the Country People that they met; and tho' this Retreat of the Tartars was Unfortunate to these poor Wretches, yet thereby General Veterani was delivered from his Apprehensions for Nissa; which was howsoever labouring un∣der great want of Ammunition, and Pro∣vision of all sorts; and how to supply them was not as yet resolved.* 1.91 For tho' the Coun∣try of Schnepoli had engaged to furnish Nis∣sa with a good quantity of all sorts of Pro∣visions, yet being now burnt and destroyed by the Tartars; and the remainder of what was left pillaged by the Turks, there could be no expectation of any supply from thence: And as to what was to be convey∣ed to them from Belgrade, by reason of the Winter Weather, Snows, and tired Cattle, came so slowly over the Mountains, that General Veterani, and the other chief Offi∣cers, had Abandoned the Place, had not some Horses at the very instant arrived at Nissa with 50 Waggons,* 1.92 all laden with Provisions and Ammunition, together with four Pieces of Cannon which had been ta∣ken out of the Fort of Iagodina, and great Quantities of Flour, and Oats, much more of which was daily expected, by which Stor••s, tho' Nissa was abundantly relieved, yet the Fortifications proceeded more slowly than was fit for a Frontier Garrison, expo∣sed to the main and chief Power of the Enemy.

Thus things stood at Nissa, when the Blockade of Canisia was so narrowly watch∣ed and observed,* 1.93 that the Garrison began to be reduced to the utmost Extremity; so that the People would have forced the Pasha to Capitulate; but he remaining resolute to endure the last Extremity, perswaded them with Presents, and fair Words, to a longer Patience: But the Inferiour and Subaltern Officers not enduring longer, dispatched a Messenger, (without making the Pasha, or Janizar-Aga privy to their Design) with Letters to the Grand Vizier, desiring that he would either take some Measures for the Relief of the Place,* 1.94 or to send his Orders to the Pasha for the Surrender thereof; but this Express was not got far from the Town, before he was overtaken, brought back and Executed; but such was the Mi∣sery in the Town, that he who could escape, got out, amongst which was a Turkish Imaum, or Priest, and an Arabian Iew, who reported, That about Palm-Sunday, the Ci∣ty would Capitulate, which afterwards pro∣ved true accordingly.

In the mean time the Croats made an In∣vasion into Bosnia, burnt Kazaraz,* 1.95 and took some Hundreds of small and great Cattle: Howsoever in their Retreat being pursued by the Turks of Bannialuca, and Attacked by them near the Save, some of the Cattle were recovered, several of their Men kil∣led, 15 Prisoners, and five Horses taken.

And about the same time the Governour of Novi having gotten together a small Bo∣dy of Men drawn out of that Garrison, and that of Zim, made an Incursion into the Enemies Country, where he burnt O∣strovitz, Ztergarick the Little, and the Great Badick, with Houses belonging to Gentlemen in the Country, in which Ex∣pedition they killed about 200 of the Ene∣my, took 76 Prisoners, 100 Head of Cat∣tle, 32 Horses, and much other Booty, and all this with the loss of one Man killed, and 10 wounded.

In revenge hereof,* 1.96 the Turks of Novi-Port••, Attacked with a strong Party, some German Horse, as they were Foraging a∣broad, but were so warmly received by Bru∣mati the Governour of Lescoviza, and with such Valour, that the Turks were put to the Rout, and forced to fly, leaving 20 of their Men dead on the Place.

Whilst Matters thus passed with various Successes, there were some Fears of the Constancy and Steadiness of the Rascians towards the Emperor, but those Apprehen∣sions were soon taken away by Antonio their Captain, who being sent by General Veterani, to take a View of all the Passes round about, reported at his return, That he had met within the Pass of Prissina, with one Haram Bassa,* 1.97 who in the Name of all the Inhabitants of Colossi, Moloch, Letaner, and Gaas, had assured him of the Faith and Allegiance of those People to the Emperor, having refused the Protection of the Turks, which had been offered to them: And here∣of they soon gave a Testimony by an As∣sault they had made on a Party of 500 Turks, under the Command of the Pasha of Ostrolub, in their March towards the Castle of Zwetsey, situate in the Pass of Bosna, of which they killed 60 Men, took four Pri∣soners, and 90 Horses, of which 30 were laden with Flour, besides a great Booty of

other things.* 1.98 On the other side Mahomet Pasha roved round about the Country of Novi Passar, burning and destroying all the remaining Villages, killing the Country People that they met with, and acting all the Cruelties that Fire and Sword could ex∣ecute.

But what was of most importance at this time, was the Surrender of the strong City and Fortress of Canisia, having been redu∣ced thereunto by Famine, after a long and severe Blockade, by which being brought to such Extremities, that not being able to support themselves any longer, the Pasha on the 16th of March, sent out two Aga's to the Christian Army to treat with the Commanders of the Blockade, who were Count Adam Bathiani, and Count Stephen Zitchi:* 1.99 to whom being conducted by Lieu∣tenant Colonel Pisterski, after the usual Complements had been passed on both sides, the Turks▪ desired that four Weeks might be granted them to make their Surrender; of∣fering in case no Succours came to them within that time, they would then resign the City into the Hands of the Emperor's Generals, with all the Cannon and Ammu∣nition therein, (four Guns only excepted) which they pretended to carry with them: But in regard it was then late in the Evening, when these Offers were delivered, the Mes∣sengers were kept all Night in the Camp, and well treated; and the next Morning a Council of War being called, an Answer was returned them to this Effect.

That it being well known,* 1.100 that neither in four Weeks, nor in four Years, any Relief, or Succour could be expected for them; and that tho' their Extremities were so e∣vident, that they were certainly assured they could not subsist any longer, yet that they might taste of the Grace and Cle∣mency of the Emperor, they promised them their Lives, (provided they should Surrender themselves in the space of 24 Hours:)

With which Answer the two Aga's returned back to the City, on which some Consultation being there had on the 19th, three Turks were sent out again to the Christian Army, declaring to the Ge∣nerals, in the Name of the Pasha and the Garrison;

That tho' they were still fur∣nished with four Months Provision in the Town, yet they would no longer refuse the Clemency of His Imperial Majesty, but deliver up the City unto him.

And for the further management of this Trea∣tise, they proposed, That three German and Hungarian Officers might be sent into the Town for Hostages,* 1.101 in lieu of five Turks, who should be employed to Capitu∣late in the Army. The Christians having assented hereunto, the three Messengers were next Day returned with this An∣swer.

That the Clemency of His Impe∣rial Majesty was such, that he never desi∣red to shed the Blood of his Enemies, when they implored his Mercy; and that the General Bathiani had full Power to pardon them, which he was ready to do, on Condition that they Surrendred the Place in the space of 24 Hours.

With this Answer the Turks returning to the Town, they desired a third Conference on the 21st; the which, after a long Dispute, was granted, and agreed, That five Turks, of which the Janizar-Aga should be one, should come into the Camp; and that in the Place of them, a German and two Hun∣garian Officers should be sent for Pledges into the City. This being performed on the 22d Day, these following Capitulations were agreed and signed.

Capitulations Agreed.

I.

THAT whatsoever is belonging to the Arsenal, and Publick Stores, either of Provision, Ammunition, Can∣non, or other Arms should be delivered to the Imperial Commissaries, to whom also all Mines made about the City should be discovered.

II. That the Prisoners on both sides, should be released without Ransom.

III. That all the Inhabitants of the City, and Strangers, shall have liberty to march out with their Arms, Move∣ables, Cloaths, Servants, Children, Hor∣ses, and all other Cattle, who shall have safe Passage, and Conduct into the Otto∣man Dominions, but without Flying Co∣lours, or Sound of Drum: Notwith∣standing which, in case any of the Rasci∣ans who are in pay of the Turks, should freely desire to come over to the Christi∣ans, they shall not be hindered, either on the Score of Debt, or any other Pretence whatsoever.

IV. All Christian Renegadoes, who shall be desirous to return unto their An∣cient Faith, shall have liberty to do it, and no Christian Children be privately conveyed away.

V. A sufficient Number of Waggons, shall be allowed to the Turks to carry them to the Water-side, and from thence Boats to Transport them into the Turkish Domi∣nions.

VI. That so soon as these Capitulati∣ons shall be Signed, the Imperialists shall immediately be put into Possession of the Palanca, our Out-work, called Baschlar Kapaesi; in which the Turks shall have li∣berty to sell what they please of their Goods, or to carry them away.

VII. That so soon as the Imperial Ra∣tification shall be returned, the Turks shall immediately quit the City, and be∣gin their Journey.

VIII. The Turks shall deliver to the Imperial Commissaries all the Tax-Regi∣sters in Canisia, with such Books as con∣cern the Military Sallaries paid from Bos∣nia, and other Districts depending on Ca∣nisia, with the Tefter, or an account of such Revenues which the Janizaries usual∣ly Pay, and Receive out of the Homage, and Tributary Countries.

IX. That the People of Canisia shall be Convoyed with a sufficient Number of Officers and Soldiers, unto the first Tur∣kish Fortress, leaving howsoever behind them the Hostages at the last Christian Fortress, until the return of the Con∣voy.

X. That during the March Provisions shall be furnished to the Turks at moderate Prices.

With these Capitulations, the Imperial Councellor of War, called Pozo, the Aga, and two more Turkish Officers, were on the 24th dispatched to Vie••na to have the Ca∣pitulations Ratified and Signed with the Imperial Firme;* 1.102 they arrived on the 30th, and the next Day had an Audience of Count Staremberg, President of the Council of War, to whom they delivered the Capitula∣tion;* 1.103 and on the first of April it was re∣turned back again to them Signed by the Emperor, who was graciously pleased to m••ke a Present therewith unto the Aga, of a Watch set with Diamonds.

With this Ratification the Aga being re∣turned, which was on the 3d of April, it was resolved by the Pasha, and other Offi∣cers in the Divan, immediately to put the Christians into Possession of one of the Gates of the City; the which by the 12th, they fully quitted;* 1.104 and the next Day the Pasha being on Horseback, attended with some Turks on Foot, delivered unto General Bath••ani the Keys of the Town in a gild∣ed Bason hanging on a Gold Chain. The Pasha indeed expected, that the General should have alighted from his Horse to re∣ceive them,* 1.105 but the General refusing to receive them in such a manner, as a Conde∣scention too inferiour to the Dignity of His Imperial and Victorious Master, the Pasha insisted no farther thereupon, but present∣ing the Key, said, I deliver unto you the Key of a Fortress, the like whereof there is none in all the Turkish Empire.

This being done, the General went into the City to visit the Fortifications, and af∣terwards entertained the Pasha, the Aga of the Janizaries, and Zorbagee Aga at Din∣ner, with some others. Then the Garrison marched out, consisting of 600 Turks, which with the Inhabitants, made in all 4000 Souls; the which were conducted in∣to the Dominions of the Turks, according to the Capitulation.

It seems that this strong City was sur∣rendred rather by Divisions amongst them∣selves, than for want of Provisions:* 1.106 On the Walls were mounted 56 Brass, and 10 Iron Cannon, the most part of them made in the time of the Emperors Maximilian I. and II, and of Charles V, and Ferdinand I. In the Magazine, or Store-house under the Governor's Palace, were found 1540 Mus∣quets, and in the Arsenal 2200 more, with much Lead, Cannon, and Musquet-Bullets, Swords, Granadoes, with all sorts of Arms and Warlike Instruments in great abun∣dance.

Canisia, or Canisa, is situate on a River towards the Frontiers of Styria, near the Drave, and not far from the Fort Serin; it is so environed on all sides with a Morass, or Marsh, that no Army can lie near it,* 1.107 which renders the Town almost impregnable, and inaccessible, notwithstanding it was taken by the Turks in the Year 1600.

The next Year following Mathias Arch-Duke of Austria Besieged it in the Month of September, but was forced to retire after a Siege of two Months.

In the Year 1664, at the beginning of it, in the Month of Ianuary, Count Serini, by favour of the Frosts, which gave him some Footing on the Morass, after he had taken Quinque Ecclesiae, and some other Places, and had burnt Sighet, he besieged Canisia, which he had infallibly taken, if they had sent him the Succours which were promi∣sed him; but as I have related in my for∣mer History, so great a Faction was against him at the Imperial Court, that they were not willing to see him prosperous, but chose rather to Sacrifice the Publick Welfare to Private Animosities; but the expected Re∣cruits not arriving at the appointed time, and the Year coming on, the Ice was Thawed, and the Great Vizier advan∣cing with a Powerful Army, the Count Sereni being under all these Discourage∣ments,

was forced to raise his Siege and be gone.

General Veterani in the mean time whilst things were thus acting at Canisia, being much streightned for want of Provisions, or∣dered the Garrisons of Lescowitz and Pyroth, to make Incursions into the Turkish▪ Terri∣tories,* 1.108 which they performed so effectual∣ly, that they returned back with more than 1000 Head of Cattle; the which being di∣vided amongst the Regiments, such as were sit for the Slaughter were killed, and the rest employed for drawing the Waggons la∣den with Ammunition and Provisions.

On the other side the Turks surprized a Village near Belgrade, which they Plunder∣ed and Burnt, killing, or carrying away Captives all the Inhabitants of the Place.* 1.109

But the Garrison of Pyroth being much animated with their late Success, made ano∣ther Incursion, as far as within three Leagues of Philippopolis, burning the Villages, and killing the Turks which they met in their way; but at length being pursued by 1000 Turks, they drew themselves up into good order, and posting themselves advantage∣ously on the rising of a Hill, they engaged the Enemy for two Hours space;* 1.110 during which time, 30 Turks were killed, and ma∣ny wounded, and 28 Prisoners taken, with which and some Hundreds of Cattle, they re∣turned safe to Pyroth. In like manner 100 Germans and some Hussars belonging to the Garrison of Zolnock, encountred a Party of 160 Turks, and Male-contents, which be∣longed to Giula, and having engaged them, they killed 20 of them, took 60 Prisoners, of which 16 were of the Male-contents, the remainder throwing themselves into the Ri∣ver, were for the most part drowned.

During this Season of the Year, before the Grass was sufficiently grown, no other Actions passed, but only by Parties sent abroad to surprize Cattle, and burn Villa∣ges. Amongst the rest, a Party of Rascians having roved over the Country of Schnepoli, returned back to Nissa with a Booty of se∣veral Hundred Head of Cattle, and some Yoaks of Oxen, taken near to Sophia; the which Successes still attending the Imperial Arms, the Country People on all sides of∣fered to embrace the Imperial Party, and implore their Protection so soon as the Christian Army should take the Field.

On the other side Mahomet Bagavitz Pa∣sha, who had some time quietly Quartered at Poza, (having left 1500 Men for Garri∣son in that Place) he marched out with a Party of about 4000 Men, towards the Pass of Bosnia, but having in his March received Intelligence, That Captain Antonio attended him in the way, and was ready to receive him, returned and marched towards Bagnia, from whence also by reason of the great Snows, he was forced to retreat back to Poza, without any Action.

Little more was acted now, as we have faid but by Parties, of which Kathana Pasha commanding one, he made an Incursion therewith into the Neighbourhood of Py∣roth, where he took several straggling Hus∣sars. Another Party of Hungarians to the Number of about 20, commanded by that Valiant Hungarian Captain, called Baudi, which had made a bold Incursion, and roved about 14 Days beyond Sophia, near to Philip∣popolis, were at length attacked by a strong Body of Turks, with which having fought for a considerable time, were at last over∣powered, and all of them cut off, (two only excepted) who made their Escape to Nissa.

On the other side a Party from Belgrade surprized a Body of Turks,* 1.111 the most of which they killed, or took Prisoners. Like∣wise a Party of Rascians made an Excursion as far as Bagnia in Bosnia, where they kil∣led 20 Turks, and took 12 Prisoners, with 400 Head of Cattle: Besides which, those who guarded the Blockade of Great Wara∣dine, beat a Party of the Enemy, brought home 11 Heads, and eight Prisoners. Ano∣ther Party of 500 Hussars, and 40 German Dragoons, made a Sally out of Sclavonia under the Command of Lieutenant Boniau, and passed the Save; and having in their way an Information that the Turkish Garri∣son belonging to the strong Fortress of Teockzach was sallied abroad, having only left eight Men, and 15 Women therein; they attacked and entered the Fort early in the Morning, with the loss of six of their Men killed, and eight wounded; of the Turks, four of the eight, with the Women, saved themselves in a Tower, from whence the Women threw Fire, and Stones, and hot scalding Water, but at length were forced to surrender, and leave the Place to the mercy of the Enemy, in which they found a good Booty of Turkish Horses, and other rich Goods, and therewith repassed the Save, having left four Troops of Heydukes for defence of the Place.

The Season of the Year being now far advanced towards the Summer, and things preparing for greater Action; the German Officers were very intent, and studious in what manner to conserve Nissa;* 1.112 for which they had great reason to be apprehensive, for that according to the Reports of all those who lately came from Adrianople, and of such Deserters who came out from the Turkish Quarters; the Turks were become much more numerous than the last Year,* 1.113 and were marching on purpose to make Nissa the first Atchievement and Design of

their Conquest.* 1.114 But what could be done for Conservation of that Place, was not o∣mitted; all the Old Works were repaired, and several New ones compleated; and the River Morava being with much Expence and Labour made Navigable, great Quan∣tities of Provisions, and Materials necessa∣ry for War were brought down by that Wa∣ter to Nissa, so that nothing was wanting for Conservation of the Place, unless a greater Garrison within, and a more nume∣rous Army without.

About this time a small sort of Venomous Flies swarmed about Nissa, which killed ma∣ny Horses, Cattle, Camels, and Mules. I remember in a Journey I once made through those Countries in the Month of May, that we were much infested with this sort of A∣nimals, which was the smallest Fly that e∣ver I did see, covered with a thin Fluff, or Down; the which would not touch the Flesh of a Man,* 1.115 but Horses, Camels, Mules, &c. were killed by them. Wheresoever they fixed on the Sides of a Horse, or any other Part, they would draw a Blister as big as an Egg; and entering into the No∣strils, immediately poisoned the Brain, which caused a sudden Death to the Beast; but hereof I have discoursed more at large in a former History, to which I refer the Reader.

Tho' the great Armies were not as yet in the Field, yet Parties were roving in all Parts and Places, the Weather becoming moderate according to the Season, and the Grass grown; the Turks encamped near Gradisca, where they staid a while in ex∣pectation of some Troops to joyn with them, and therewith to pass the Save into S••lavonia, with no other Design than to ruine and spoil the Country; but Baron Koniseck having Advice thereof, marched from Brod, with all the Hussars, and Heydukes which were Quartered in the adjacent Villages un∣to a Place where the River is fordable, and therefore the most likely place where they might design to pass; by which not only the Passage of the Turks was obstructed, but News coming to them that the Croats were fallen in∣to their Country on the other side, they quit∣ted their first Design, and marched to oppose the Croats, who were too quick for them, ha∣ving taken great Booty, and committed a vast Spoil before the Turks could come in to the Succour of their Country.

About the same time one Herl••iovich, a Dalmatian Captain, marched six Days Jour∣ney beyond Nissa into the Enemies Coun∣try, which he Surprized and Plundered, and returned back with the Heads of several Turks, and some Prisoners. The same Cap∣tain soon afterwards having recruited him∣self with some more Troops, fell upon Berko••itz, in which was a Garrison of a∣bout 127 Turks, provided with all things necessary for defence of the Place, being fortified on a very advantageous Situation,* 1.116 but coming upon them by Surprize, the Place was taken, and all the Men put to the Sword, except some few, who made their Escape; the Booty was considerable, besides 90 Turkish Women, four Standards, and two pair of Kettle-Drums.

In like manner a Captain of the Garrison of Pyroth roving abroad, and seeking his Fortune, met near to Sophia with 20 Hor∣ses laden with Nails, Iron, and several Warlike Instruments, he seized them all, and killed 19 Turks, and took one Prisoner alive, who in the Night making his Escape, gave Intelligence thereof to Sophia, from whence a Party being commanded out, they overtook the Germans, and fought with them, but the Germans behaved themselves so well, that they forced the Turks to leave them, and suffer them to escape with the Booty they had gained.

At this time also some Sea Robbers land∣ed in the Bay of Vola,* 1.117 and made an Incur∣sion into the Territories of Macedonia near Monassir, burning and spoiling all the Coun∣try; whilst another Party of them, to the number of about 600 Men, made a Sal∣ly towards Stippo, where they surprized 500 Turks, and put them all to the Sword, with∣out Quarter given to any one; but the In∣habitants they carried away Prisoners, and made use of them for Slaves in the Hills and Mountains.

Nor were things more quiet in Hungary, where several Skirmishes happened to the Loss and Damage of the Turks; and parti∣cularly the Soldiers of the Garrison, and those of the Blockade had an Encounter, and the latter returned Victorious, with 16 Prisoners, 22 Heads, 49 Horses, and some Cattle.

Moreover Count Corbelli sent out a Par∣ty of 500 Horse, which met, and surround∣ed a Party of Turks, of which they killed three or four of the Chief Commanders, with 70 private Soldiers, took 10 Priso∣ners, and many Horses; in which Action 12 Men were slain and wounded, and 22 Horses killed.

Moreover 3000 Rascians under the Com∣mand of Captain Antonio, and 200 Ger∣mans under Rusbach, a Captain of Hanover, arrived one Morning about Break of Day near Bernia;* 1.118 from which a Detachment being made of five Troops of Rascians, with some German Musqueteers; having their Van-Guard led by Artusser Adjutant-General of Piccolomini, and three Lieute∣nants, pushed forward into the City with∣out any Halt or Hesitation, or regard to the Troops which followed, with such

Courage and Valour, that the Turks being surprized, not having time to gather them∣selves into an Orderly Body in the open Market-place; and seeing the Enemy al∣ready in the City, and more Troops follow∣ing them, the Pasha, with about 200 of his best Horse, fled out of the opposite Gate, leaving the remainder of the Garrison with the Inhabitants, which consisted of about 3000 Men to their own Fate, which ended with the Death of about 1700 of them, most whereof were killed Sleeping on their Beds; the Booty taken, was very conside∣rable, besides much Cattle, and 500 good Horses, with the loss only on the Christian side of seven Germans, and 17 Rascians, who were killed.

It being now towards the end of May, which is the usual Season for Armies to take the Field, News was brought to Nissa, that Kuperlee the Grand Vizier,* 1.119 was de∣camped from before Adrianople with 20000 Men, and on his March to joyn with 40000 more, which were Encamped at Nicopolis with intention to attack at one and the same time both Nissa and Widin; and where∣as the Turkish Army was in great want of Artillery, by reason of the many Cannon which they had lost during this War, the French furnished them with 100 Pieces, which were brought from France, and Land∣ed at Galata, and thence conducted on Car∣riages to the Army.

But the Season not being as yet come for pitched Battles, or Siege of Towns, the Armies not being gathered into a Body, General Corbelli,* 1.120 who Commanded the Blockade near Great Waradine, detached 220 Germans and Hungarians, with design to attack the Palanca of Bellanasch, where coming to it before Break of Day, and find∣ing no Centinels to observe their Appear∣ance, all the People being asleep with the greatest Security imaginable, the Soldiers climbed the Walls, and unperceived enter∣ed the Place without any opposition what∣soever,* 1.121 killing Men, Women and Children, without any distinction; some Turks how∣soever escaped, and saved themselves in the Castle; which General Corbelli being desi∣rous to take, by reason that the People of Great Waradine had been frequently relie∣ved from thence, he sent for 500 Men more to reinforce his Troops; but before these could come up to joyn, the others laden with Booty and Spoil, were departed, and gone to secure what they had gained.

These two late Successes by Surprize, a∣nimated the Governour of Lescowitza, and Count Montecelli Captain of Horse in the Regiment of General Hoffkirchen, to at∣tempt a third, and joyning with them a Party of Germans and Rascians, they march∣ed to Noviporto,* 1.122 with intention to surprize it, in the same manner as the others had been; but some of the Rasci••ns having Friends and Relations in the Place,* 1.123 ga••e information to those within; upon which they all retired into the Castle, which was well defended with a strong Tower, and a good Wall, and with Provision suf••••cient for some Weeks, and stood upon their Guard; so that the Party finding their De∣sign defeated, fell upon the Cattle which were feeding near the Place, and carried a∣way some of them, to the Number of 6000 Sheep, and 2000 other Cattle; but the Turks of the Country gathering them••elv••s into a Body, pursued after them in such Numbers, that attacking the Rasc••••n•• in the Rear, they recovered most of their Cattle, and took some of their Horses; howsoever the Rascians carried of•• about 1000 Head of Cattle, and some Prisoners, with the Heads of 15 Turks, which they had kil∣led.

The Germans still continued to rove about the Country with Parties, returning most commonly with Success; one of them sur∣prized and took Uhi••za and Dobran, two small Palanca's, killing all that they found alive therein.

Likewise Captain Schenchendorff with 800 Germans, and some Hungarians, passing near Radimir, a Turkish Garrison, in hopes to surprize it, found the Turks vigilant and ready to receive him; upon which being forced to make a Retreat, the Turks sallied out upon them, but were repulsed with the loss of 50 of their Men killed, and three taken Prisoners, upon which the Turks be∣ing put to flight,* 1.124 the Germans pursued them so close, that they entered with them into the Suburbs, which consisting of about 400 Houses, they burnt all to the Ground, and then retired towards Pyr••th; but in their way meeting with 400 fresh Hungarian Horse, they joyned with them, and return∣ed again towards Radimir; but in their March having received Advice, That the Turks had abandoned the Town, and laden their Wives, Children, and Goods, on 130 Waggons, and sent them farther into the Country, a Party of Hussars was com∣manded to pursue them; which they did, and soon came up with them, and took all the Waggons, People, and Goods that were in them; but they were not so easily carried off, as they were taken; for a Bo∣dy of about 1200 Turks from the Frontiers, coming in to their Assistance, they not on∣ly retook all the Booty from the Hussars,* 1.125 (the Captain Schenchendorff being at too far a distance to relieve them) but also forced them to fly, leaving some of their Compa∣nions, who were the worst mounted, unto

the Mercy of the Enemy; after which, the Turks pursuing farther, fell in with Sche••∣che••••••rf••, who finding himself over-match∣ed, made a handsome Retreat to a conve∣nient place,* 1.126 where taking his Advantage, made Head against the Tu••ks, and killed a∣bove 100 of them, took several of their Horses, and much Cattle, which they car∣ried 〈◊〉〈◊〉 with them.

General Corbelli who commanded the Blockade before Great Waradin, made an Incursion with 2000 Men, and ruined all the Corn and Fruit of the Field, so near the Ci••y, as was within reach of their Guns: Upon which Approach the Garrison sallied out,* 1.127 but were repulsed with great loss, and amongst the rest the Chiaus-Bashee was killed: The Defendants terrified herewith, above 40 Families escaped out, and at their Request were Baptized.

In the mean time a stricter Watch than ever was kept in the Blockade about the Castle of Bellanasch; and the Stream of Wa∣ter which ran at the Foot of the Palanca, and Castle, by which both were supplied, being cut off by the Christians, and the Currant turned another way, the Defen∣dants were reduced to great Extremities, and more especially they began to be af∣frighted, when they saw a fresh supply of Horse, Dragoons, and Hussars, ready to attack the Place, and that two Batteries were already raised, which continued firing for two Days without intermission, they at length inclined to a Surrender, and in order thereunto sent out two Aga's to make their Capitulations, which were soon concluded, and agreed, That the Garrison consisting of 150 Men,* 1.128 besides their Wives and Chil∣dren, and other Inhabitants, should the next Day be conveyed to Giula, which was accordingly performed on the 4th of Iuly.* 1.129

Whilst these Matters went on, the Par∣ties from Niss••, were always Plundering and spoiling the Countries, and Captain S••rahina, the famous Partisan, who was continually on Parties, made his Inroads near to Philippopolis, and surprized the Turks in several Places of that Neighbour∣hood, with much Spoil and Damage: The Turks alarm'd hereat, got into a Body, and pursued after Strahina, and having overta∣ken him,* 1.130 attacked him with great Fury and Bravery; but were as resolutely repul∣sed, and their Teftish Pasha killed in the Action; 200 of their Horse taken, and much Boo••y, with the loss only of five 〈◊〉〈◊〉: The like Success Strahina had a∣gainst Kath••na Pasha, who meeting on the Road, whilst one Party was returning to So∣••hi••, as the other was to Nissa; the Turks were beaten, and put to Flight,* 1.131 and the Pasha, with his Men that escaped, were forced to take Refuge in the Mountains, scattered and dispersed, whilst Strahina, and his Men, with their Booty, returned safe to Nissa.

And now to conclude the Successes of the many Parties which roved abroad in divers Places, the Captains Schenchendorff, Stra∣hina, and Wildenham, with one Lieutenant Funck, sallied abroad with 100 Germans, and 1500 Rascians, with which having stormed Pernich in three several Places at the same time, they entered the Fortress, and cut down all the Turks in the way,* 1.132 only 50 of them got into a Tower, and refusing to take Quarter, Fire was put to the same, and then the People too late cryed out for Mer∣cy; after which the Town was Plundered, and the best of the Goods, with 3000 Head of Cattle, were carried off safe to Py∣roth.

But to make way to greater Actions, the French Ambassador at the Ottoman Court,* 1.133 after a long Sollicitation, had procured for Tekeli a Baratz, or Commission, whereby he was declared Prince of Transilvania, and to publish the same, he dispatched his Cir∣cular Letters to all the Cities and Provin∣ces, written in the Latin Tongue: The Contents whereof were as followeth.

THAT whereas God Almighty, and the High and Mighty and always Flourishing Ottoman Empire, had created, and ordained him Prince of the Heredita∣ry Countries of Transilvania, belonging to the Ottoman Empire, with an express Clause, That he should enjoy the same, with such Power, and in the same manner, and with as high and ample Privileges as had been given to Bethlem Gabor; for which Cause and Reason, having sent Greeting to all the People and Subjects of that Country, he did strictly forbid, and inhibit all Persons to give any Suc∣cour or Assistance whatsoever unto the Germans, but on the contrary, to put themselves into a readiness to give Assi∣stance unto him the said Tekeli, as also the Grand Vizier, and the Tartars, who were now coming in great Numbers ve∣ry speedily into the Field, to deliver their Country of Transilvania from the Terrible, and Unjust Oppression of the Germans.

Now follows Tekeli's Declaration in La∣tin joyned hereunto.

Emericus Tókólius Dei Gratiâ, à Ful∣gidâ Portâ Ottomanicâ declaratus Prin∣ceps Transylvaniae, Partium Regni Hungariae Dominus, & Siculorum Comes.

QUAM preciosa & in aestimabilis res sit, animae corporisque libertas, si caeterorum Orbis Christiani Regnorum ac Nationum exempla praetereamus, pro sufficienti tamen exemplo esse poterit Na∣tioni Hungaricae olim tanto sanguine ac∣quisita libertas; quantam enim Hungari inquietudinem, arma effusionemque san∣guinis impenderint in defensione liberta∣tum suarum, apud homines prudentiâ & experientiâ rerum exornatos, manifestum est; hoc etiam ignotum esse nequit, quod à quo Hungariae Corona & Gubernium in Potestatem Nationis Germanicae devenit, omnia consilia, labores omnes, in eo ver∣tebantur, quâ ratione Nationem Hunga∣ricam debilitare, bonis omnibus privare, tandem Regnum Hungariae haereditarium constituendo ad Servitutem ignominiosam, & intoleranda tributa praeciptari possit. Quod ipsum cum ante plurimos annos prudentiores, & in summâ dignitate con∣stituti Proceres vidissent, neque per innu∣meras instantias, supplicationesque satis∣factionem diplomatis à Domo Austriacâ obtinuissent, è contrario indies laesio li∣bertatum, & intolerabilium contributio∣num onus incrementa sumpsisset, nescien∣tes aliud quid facerent, coacti fuerunt, penes leges Patriae, etiam cum inculpatâ tutelâ, ad vindicandas libertates, arma capere, omnibusque constat, à quot annis bellum continuebatur; quinimo si ad hanc calamitatem praecipitata Natio Hungarica Praedecessorum suorum vestigiis insistens arma non deposuisset, cervices contume∣lioso servitutis Jugo ex voluntate Sponta∣neâ non submisisset, sperare poterat ex di∣vinâ benignitate post multas etiam cala∣mitates antiquae libertatis restitutionem.

Transylvania quoque, licet tantopere si∣cut vicina Hungariae non fuerit coacta Na∣tioni Germanicae sese submittere, neque enim in tantis extremitatibus fuerat, ut ad meliora tempora se conservare non po∣tuisset, multis fortalitiis, quae in sua po∣testate habebat firmata, nihilo tamen mi∣nus nonnullis libertatis Patriae contemp∣toribus & privato commodo obnoxiis, quomodo tradita sit, cum omnibus forta∣litiis in extraneorum potestatem, & in quas oppressiones praecipitaverit Dominati∣ones Vestras, ejusdem fructus acerbitas ad∣huc in ore omnium est.

Ut autem ad scopum nostrum propius accedamus, etiamsi omnipotentissimus De∣us nos quoque ad miserias ac••rbas rode∣gerit, & per multas mutationes vicissitu∣dinesque transire debuerimus propter quas multi ex praecipuis praepotentis hujus Nationis malefactorum suorum premium acceperunt, Deus tamen qui nunquam permittit justam causam finaliter opprimi, nos ex iis omnibus eliberavit, personam causamque nostram, apud praepotentem Nationem, tam gratam honorificamque fecit, ut causam tam dedecorosè suppressae Nationis nostrae non minus in FulgidâPor∣tâ, quam apud alios Christianos Monar∣chas utilitèr promovere valeamus.

Quorum intuitu, licet in eo nunquam laboraverimus, Fulgida Porta tanquam Transylvaniae Domina Haereditaria fidelia servitia nostra, & in ••ide••••tate constantem perseverantiam, quoque ponderando Prin∣cipatus Transylvanici Dignitatem cum omnibus requisitis & immunitatibus nobis contulit, super indéque diploma & Achname suum, quod antiqui principes multis ex∣pensis obtinere non potuerunt: Iisdem conditionibus, qualibus beatae quondam recordationis serenissimo Principi Gabriel•• Bethlem contulerat, nobis quoque dedit sine injuria Regni, ejusdemque territorio∣rum imminutione, una cum statis refi, Resi∣dentem insuper, sive Kapithaiam Tran∣sylvaniae, qui hactenus in Porta fuit, ad nos dimisit: Praeterea Achname Hani Tar∣tarorum nostris etiam in manibus est.

Jam in nomine Dei cum militiâ praepo∣tentis Turcarum Imperatoris pariter & Hani Tartarorum movimus indiesque iter nostrum continuamus, Dominationes ve∣stras communiter ex omnibus statibus con∣stitutas supremi, medii, infimique gra∣dus, ordinis per praesentes informare, re∣quirere & admonere cupientes, non dubi∣tamus, quin Universis Patriae libertas e∣jusdemque vindicta in cordibus sit, ideo∣que singuli exDominationibus vestris, obli∣gationis suae erga deum & patriam memo∣res cogitent de rebus, recta conscientia in∣surgant, & antequam confinia regni in∣grediamur monstrent Realia Documenta obedientiae expedientes nobis obviam ex omnibus Nationibus ablegatos primariae conditionis, interim viritim arma sumen∣tes, difficultates in passibus semoveant, nemo seipsum vel arma sua Germanis jun∣gat, vel hostiliter se nobis opponat, ad de∣solationem Patriaeque ruinam, & multa∣rum millium animarum depraedationem causam subministret; Literas has paten∣tes nemo supprimat, quin potius publicet, quia talium animae coram judicio Dei ra∣tionem reddent, nostram quoque gravissi∣mam indignationem cum posteris suis

non effugient, de his omnibus coram Deo & Mundo protestamur, quod nullius rui∣nae interitusque causa nos erimus.

Datum ex Castris ad Kula positis die 26 Iunij, 1690.

Emericus Tókóly.

MI Domine Judex, vel quicunque has literas ad manus suas accepe∣rit, Deus magnus mise••icordiae, afflictio∣num gentis suae misertus, ecce perditum miserum Emericum Tókóly tanquam ali∣quem Gideonem ex horreo ad promoven∣dam suam gloriam assumens id in nomine Domini ad vindicandas oppressiones Domi∣nationum vestrarum, prout ex ejusdem ma∣nifesto praesentibus incluso apparet, proin∣de Dominatio vestra cum fidis suis amicis communicet, promulget, ne opprimatur, quia Dominatio vestra dabit rationem de illo.

Bukuress 28 Iunii, 1690.

Valentinus Nemessay.

Annexa patente, Mittant Dominationes vestrae Amicis suis unas in Siculiam, alte∣ras in terram Parzensem & districtum Fo∣garasiniensem.

Inscriptio Literarum.

Nobili Domino Iudici Coronensi, Notario, vel cuicunque ex Magistratu Dominis amicis meis trandantur.

By the many Troops of Tartars which were already entred into Valachia, and by the Increase of Tekeli's Forces, which were become much more numerous and formida∣ble, by the Sums of Money which he had received from France, the Imperial Gene∣rals were greatly alarm'd, and fearing least they should Invade that Country, all the Forces in and about Transylvania, were or∣dered to march under the Command of Ge∣neral Heusler towards the Passes which lead to Walachia; and as they marched, to spoil the Ways, and render them as impractica∣ble, and difficult as was possible.

By this time News was come to Nissa, that a great Body of Turks was assembled near Nicopolis, and that the Grand Vizier was actually on his March to joyn with them; whereupon General Veterani, ha∣ving provided the Garrisons with necessary Provisions and Ammunition drew all the Troops he was able unto Nissa, where he remained at a Gaze to observe the Motions of the Turks, and to afford his Assistance unto any Place which should be distressed, or in danger.

The Season of the Year was now advan∣ced to the middle of Iuly, when Advies came by way of Walachia, that Sultan Gal∣ga was marching with some Thousands of Tartars towards Bulgaria; and that Budack Commander of the Tartarian Fleet was with four Gallies, and many Frigats, armed with some Guns, and laden with Ammunition and Provisions, coming up the Danube: And moreover that the Grand Vizier was with a very strong Army come as far as So∣phia, and pitched in those Plains, and cau∣sed vast Stores of Corn, and all other Pro∣visions, to be laid up in the Magazines of that City.

Some few Days after which the Tartars appeared before Widin with their four Gal∣lies, and about 60 Vessels, on which 5000 Men were Embarked, and immediately be∣gan to fire on the Town; the which News being brought to General Trautmansdo••f, he marched immediately with the Troops un∣der his Command,* 4.1 to the Relief of the Place, and was followed by several Vessels laden with Provisions, Convoyed by Boats armed with Musqueteers; which coming in sight of the Turks, they fired incessantly upon them, until such time as the Cannon planted by Trautmansdorf, on the side of the Danube, forced them to quit their Station, and retire farther down the Stream, to the other side of the River; after which, the General having provided the Town with a sufficient Garrison, and all sorts of Provisi∣ons necessary, conducted the Vessels safely back, and marched farther towards the ge∣neral Rendezvous at Iagodina.

And because the whole force of the Otto∣man Empire under the Command of the Grand Vizier, was marching from Sophia against the Germans, who were very weak in Servia, and not able to keep the Field a∣gainst the Turks in those Parts;* 4.2 Count Cor∣belli who Commanded the Blockade before Great Waradin, received Orders to march with such Troops as could be spared from the Blockade, to reinforce the Army in Ser∣via, the which was performed accordingly, leaving the Care and Charge of the Block∣ade to Count Schlick.

The Arnouts, who had before taken part with the Germans, observing the Weakness of the Christian Troops and the Strength of the Turks,* 4.3 joyned against their Inclinations to save themselves with the latter; with which the Grand Vizier being reinforced, a Detachment was made under Command of the Seraskier, to joyn with Tekeli in Wala∣chia, whilst another Pasha was employed to Besiege Widin both by Land and Water; and the Vizier marched in Person with the gross of his Army towards Nissa, with 100 Pieces of Cannon, and 12 Mortars.

Upon this News General Veterani order∣ed all the Commanders of the several Posts and Passages leading towards Nissa, to leave their Guards, and retire with their Men, Ammunition, Provision, and Cannon to the City; which having furnished with a suffi∣cient

Garrison of 3000 Foot,* 4.4 and 500 Horse, he marched back with the remainder of the Army towards Alexin, and there formed his Camp.* 4.5

In the mean time the Grand Vizier on his March to Nissa, at which he aimed, took Pyroth in the space of three or four Days,* 4.6 upon Capitulation with the Garrison, which consisted of no more than 150 Men, to be conducted safely to Nissa, but the Vizier pursued them so close at the Heels, that on the 14th of August he Invested the City with his whole Army, and on the 17th be∣gan an Attack at Bergele, compassing one half of the City, on that side; and on the same Day he sent a Chiaus with Letters to summon the Place, the which Colonel Iorger returned back again unopened,* 4.7 with this Answer, That the••e was none there who could read Turkish.

Upon return of this Answer, the Grand Vizier caused some Cannon to be shot into the City; and on the next Day the Tren∣ches to be opened, after which the Turks fi∣red without ceasing, both with their Can∣non and Mortars; and because it was be∣lieved, that the Town would not hold out for any long time, the Turks plied their Business very close, and made their Attacks with wonderful Courage and Bravery.

* 4.8On the 19th General Staremberg▪ who now Commanded in Nissa, in the Place of Colonel Iorger, who was fallen sick, or∣dered a Sally to be made by 100 Grana∣diers, and 200 Fuzeleers, sustained by a Battalion of German Foot, and at the same time all the Horse of the Garrison made a Sally on the other side of the Town, which succeeded so well, that above 1000 Turks were killed on the Place, most of which were slain in their Trenches; besides those, who upon the Retreat of the Christians, pursuing them to the Palisadoes of the Town, were killed by the Cannon, and Musquets from the Redoubts, and Out∣works. In this Sally the Besieged had 20 Men killed, and 60 wounded.

Whilst the Siege of Nissa proceeded in this manner, the Seraskier having joyned his Troops with those of the Tartars, of the Prince of Walachia, and the Forces also of Tekeli, (under whom were nine Pasha's) their whole Army consisted of 16000 Horse, 2000 Janisaries, and 500 Talpats, with which Tekeli marched towards a certain Pass called Terezwar, being distant about three Leagues from Cronstadt, where General Heusler lay encamped with four Regiments of Horse, consisting in all of about 1700 Men, together with 5000 Transylvanians, called Zecklers from the Province so named, under the Command of General Tolecki. Tekeli not knowing well how he might with Advantage attack Heusler, passed his Forces over Mountains, and untrodden Ways, be∣ing conducted by the People of the Coun∣try, until they came within sight of the Germans; who nothing dismayed at the ap∣pearance of so formidable and unequal a force, marched with the right Wing directly against that of the Enemies left, and charg∣ed them so furiously that they put them to a shameful Flight, and had that Day gained a most entire Victory; had the Zecklers se∣conded this good beginning; but instead thereof, they most basely fled without firing one Musquet; so that then the whole force of the Enemy falling upon General Heusler,* 4.9 and his Men, having quitted their former advantageous Post, they were so over-po∣wered by them, that after a long and bloody Fight, they were put to the Rout: In this Action General Nordquermes, Tolecki, Von Wald, Springfelt and Winckler, with some Captains, and 500 common Horsemen were killed: General Magni escaped, and saved himself in the Church of a Village called Hansberg, where a Peasant killed him with a Pitchfork, and buried him under a Dung∣hill: General Heusler having his Horse kil∣led under him, was taken Prisoner by Tekeli's Men, and Marquis Doria, and Major Fisker by the Tartars: Lieut. Col. Raini••, with se∣veral Captains, Lieutenants, and Ensigns, and 32 common Soldiers were made Priso∣ners by the Turks. The Enemies also gain∣ed four Pieces of Cannon, 29 Standards, and three Waggons with Ammunition, but lost 3000 of their Men in this Action; the re∣mainder of the German Horse being about 1200 Men, with 13 Standards, retreated under Hermanstadt. After the Fight was ended, Count Tekeli being desirous to rescue as many Prisoners as he could out of the Hands of the Tartars, he bought Marquis Doria for 60 Rix-dollars,* 4.10 and many other Officers for a small Matter, and afterwards sent away the Marquis Doria with the fol∣lowing Letter to his Lady at Vienna, writ∣ten in Latin:

GOD Almighty comfort thee,* 5.1 and also me with a more happy time. After many Misfortunes▪ I have been comforted with a Vi∣ctory over my Enemies; having had the good Fortune to make General Heusler my Prisoner, and Marquis Doria, which with several other German Officers, have hunted after my Life. This Accident may give an occasion for thy Re∣leasement; to which end I have sent the said Marquis unto thee (for whom General Heusler remains Security) and with him I have sent my Servant Michael for a Companion; to the end that he being an Eye-witness of my State and Condition, may render thee a true Account and Information thereof. God grant that he may bring me good News from thee. Live well.

Yours Emericus Tekeli.

This Letter being delivered to the Prin∣cess by the Hand of Marquis Doria, an Answer was returned in Latine, as fol∣loweth.

* 6.1I Wish thee Health, and all Blessings from God, (whose Name be praised) for giving me the happiness to see the proper Hand-wri∣ting of my beloved Husband, and therewith his remembrance of me. Marquis Doria hath ac∣quainted me with the Love which thou profes∣sest towards me. I doubt not but Marquis Doria will inform His Imperial Majesty with the An∣swer I have returned to thy Letter, viz. That I depend on Almighty God's Providence, and the Emperor's Clemency, and as to other Mat∣ters, I am ready to give sufficient Security, that if leave should be permitted me to go and meet my Emericus Tekeli, according to my Nuptial Duty, that I will return again at the time appointed; as to what the Imperial Court will do about the Prisoners, the Marquis will acquaint you; to accept or reject the Conditi∣ons, will depend much on your Affections towards me. The Marquis having earnestly sollicited his Business, hath gotten an early Dispatch; he says as much in short as is enough, and you may believe him. I have spoken with your Servant, who hath been sick, but now is better. Perhaps my Emericus thought me to be some Lady in a Nunnery, because he gives me not the Name of his Wife, perhaps it might be to try me, whe∣ther I desire to be so called. Gold is tryed in the Fire, which Tryal I willingly suffer from my Beloved, expecting impatiently another Let∣ter. God deliver the Prisoners, and comfort all afflicted Minds, which I heartily wish, Amen.

Your Dutiful Wife, Helena Zrinin.

From Vienna, Septemb. 24.

But let us here leave Marquis Doria re∣turning with his Answers to Tekeli, whilst we discourse a while concerning what the Turks are farther acting before Nissa in Ser∣via, now straitly besieged by the Grand Vi∣zier himself. An Attempt was made at the same time on Widin, by the Turkish Fleet, which they expected should take the Place without any Land Forces;* 6.2 but they being beaten off, and four of their Ships sunk, the Vizier commanded that the Place should be Besieged both by Land and Water; accord∣ingly the Lines were finished, and the Bat∣teries raised by the 24th of August. In like mann••r the Germans had perfected a Fort which they had raised on an Island near Orsoa, called Carolina, after the Name of the Empe∣ror's second Son; and therein a Garrison was put of 400 Germans, and 1000 Rascians, with 24 Pieces of Cannon, and all other Necessaries required for maintenance of the Place.

Whilst things were in this doubtful Con∣dition, and the Christian Army commanded by General Veterani, lying at Iagodina, under some Discouragement by reason of the near approach of the Grand Vizier,* 6.3 Prince Lewis of Baden arrived to the great Joy of the Camp, bringing with him a Regiment of Hus∣sars. The Prince had taken a view of the Camp, and entered into a Council of War, touching what was to be done, when the un∣happy News arrived of the total Defeat of General Heusler in Transylvania, which al∣tered all the Measures before agreed; and new Resolutions were taken to march thi∣ther with the greatest force of the Army, of which General••Aspremont was to lead the Van by way of Semendria, where care had been taken to erect a Bridge for Passage of the Troops; and for the better security of the Ships laden with Provisions, and with Sick and Wounded People. The Horse remained on an Eminence, until all were Embarked; and Orders were sent to the Governor of Crassowitz to demolish that Fort, and with the Germans National Troops, and the Country People who were with him, to march towards Belgrade.

By this time all Intercourse with Nissa was cut off,* 6.4 the Vizier having encompassed the City on all sides with an Army, as was reported of 30000 Foot, and 50000 Horse, besides 15000 Tartars daily expected; the appearance of which, was enough to have affrighted the Place to an immediate Sur∣render, as was expected by the Grand Vi∣zier; but contrary thereunto he met with a most vigorous Resistance, to the great loss of his Men; and a second time, which was the last of August,* 6.5 they made another more violent Attack with fresh Troops, and were still repulsed with greater loss: At length the Turks for saving their Men, made a trial of some Mines, which they sprang in divers Places,* 6.6 but most commonly they reversed to the greater Damage and Mischief of the Turks themselves.

The Grand Vizier having understood, that Prince Lewis was on the Retreat, and had withdrawn his Forces from Widin, and Semendria, detached a part of his Army to Widin; the which Garrison consisting of no more than 800 Men, it was not probable, that they should be able to withstand any long Siege, and therefore being sensible,* 6.7 that no Succour was to be expected, they ren∣dered themselves up to the Enemy on the 29th of August, before any Breach was made, or the Enemy advanced within 40 Paces of the Walls; despair of Succour put them up∣on this Resolution, whereby they gained such good Conditions,* 6.8 that they marched away, and joyned with the Army of Prince Lewis, and 11th of September.

* 7.1Exemplum Epistolae ab Amico ad Legatum Colyer, e Castris Turcicis ad urbem Nicaeam positis, missae.

Sept. xvi. A. D. 1690.

TAmetsi per fidum ac certum ho∣minem, qui Sagiri Achmetis Al∣gazirani causam, & ablatorum quingen∣torum Leoninorum restitutionem huc missus fuerat, Excae. Vae. cuncta, quae hic acta, perscripsi, non male tamen me facturum existimavi, si & illa repete∣rem, & quae post consecuta sunt, adjun∣gerem.

A. d. ix. Aug. Primus Vizirius cum exercitu ad munimentum Sarkioi accessit: quod cum non statim dederetur, vis ad∣hibita est: cui impares, qui in praesidio, mi∣lites, postquam horas 24 hosti fortiter resti∣tissent, honestas pacti conditiones, deditio∣nem fecêre; exieruntque ducenti Germa∣ni, Hungarique milites armati cum im∣pedimentis, & à praefecto Turcico ad munimentum, cui Palanca Mustafa Pa••∣cia nomen, deducti sunt. Tria hic tan∣tum tormenta minora campestria reperta, cum nonnullis vasis pulveris pyrii.

A. d. xi. Ad paulo ante memoratum Palancae munimentum venimus, desertum & exinanitum rebus omnibus à Germanis, qui ibi in praesidio fuerant.

A. d. xv. Nissam perventum, quam absolutissime munitam invenimus. Ad∣motis mox propius castris omni vi op∣pugnatio instituta est: nec minore vir∣tute oppidum defensum: ita ut post xxiii dierum obsidionem unius Sagargibassi cu∣niculi vix ad crepidinem fossae promotae fuerint. Ab quatuor simul locis coepta oppugnatio est: primas partes curabat Janizarorum Praefectus cum Sagargibassi: alter ab hoc erat propraefectus Janizaro∣rum: tertiae Albanis obvenerant: quar∣tas obtinebant Cairini, sive Aegyptii. His cunctis praesidiarii undique simul admirabili virtute, magnaque cum Tur∣carum pernicie restiterunt. E Gallis transfugis cognitum est, Ducem Vetera∣ni quinto ante obsidionem die ex oppido discessisse, ut suppetias procuraret, re∣licto, qui munimentum, dum ipse abes∣set, tueretur, Stahrembergio, Stahrem∣bergii istius, qui Viennam defendit, ag∣nato, cum trium admodum millium mi∣litum praesidio, omnique rerum ad obsi∣dionem tolerandam necessariarum copia. Uno ante mense sex Germanorum millia haud procul Viminatio abfuerant: verum intellecto, Sultan um Galga, Tartarorum Hani filium natu maximum indies in vi∣cinia exspectari, ad sex alias cohortes sub Jagodini se moenia rec••perant, pari∣terque cum iis Moravam transierant: at postpaul•• cognito ••ursus corundem Tar∣tarorum ad haec loca adventu, nostra∣rumque copiarum peringenti numero, Tauruni, Semendriaeque securitati pro∣specturi, Danubium petivêre: quos mox Tartari subsecuti sunt.

A. d. xxx. Nuncius huc à Fonduco Mustaphâ Pasciâ missus attulit, ipsum una cum Tókólaeo per invios montes, & inaccessa juga, cum omni peditatu, absque tormentis impedimentisque, solis acinacibus & bombardis armato in Tran∣sylvaniam perrupisse, obviumque descen∣dentibus Heislerum obfirmato in mortem animo invasisse, strictisque acinacibus, non dato ad explodenda tormenta, aut repetendam Sclopetorum majorum mino∣rumque explosionem tempore, in Germa∣nos, Hungarosque milites irruisse, & mox in fugam actos, ac à Tartaris cir∣cumventos occidione cecidisse: ita ut de multis millibus perpauci evaserint. Cap∣tos autem Ducem ipsum Heislerum, Mar∣chionem Doria, & Comitem Magni. In caesorum numero repertum primum illius Provinciae Ministrum Telleki; item praefectum quendam cohortis Germanum, & aliquam multos de praecipua Hungaro∣rum nobilitate desideratos. Hanc porro victoriam trecentorum illis, non amplius militum jactura stetisse: unum tantum alicujus nominis cecidisse praefectum Tur∣cici exercitus Cerkisium Achmetem. Ex eodem nuncio accepimus, Turcarum, Tar∣tarorum, Walachorum, & Tókóliano∣rum conjunctas copias vix xv millia mi∣litum explesse. Tókólaeus captivos ma∣jores minoresque duces cunctos penes se retinet, transmissis tantum viginti signis ad Vizirium: quae ille èvestigio eopse, quo accepit die una cum expugnati in∣tra sextum diem Viminatii nuncio ad magnum Sultanum misit.

Vizirium aiunt scripsisse Tókólaeo de mittendo ad se Heislero: at illum re∣spondisse, eo sibi imprimis opus esse cum ad subjugandam Transylvaniam, tum ad recuperandam conjugem suam Principem Ragotzki. Idem, quem dixi, Fonducus in Cerkisii Achmetis locum Copiarum Turcicarum dux suffectus est.

A. d. v Sept. Sultanus Galga ad Vi∣zirii colloquium publice admissus, & ab eo equo eximio, ephippio & phaleris

ditissime exornato, ut & acinace gem∣mato, ac talari v••ste murinis pellibus du∣pli••ata donatus est: familiaribus autem, & comitibus ad ducentas talares de more datae. Hic autem Princeps cum Kiaman∣kiseo, aliisque duobus Turcicis praefectis a. d. viii. hujus mensis Semendriam op∣pugnatum abiit, comitantibus duobus Turcarum millibus, avectisque secum de∣cem tormentis campestribus.

Valachorum Princeps, etiamnum apud Tókólaeum haeret in Transylvania, ade∣ritque tamdiu Turcico exercitui, donec ille Transylvaniae sibi principatum certa possessi••ne vindicarit. Praecipua namque munimenta in potestate adhucdum Cae∣saris sunt: duo vero tantum oppida Bra∣slau & Fogarest Tókólaeo semet submi∣sêre.

A. d. vii. Vizirius unum de fuis Ca∣pigibassis, sive viatoribus, ad exercitus praefectum Mustafam Fonducum, ut & ad Tókólaeum in Transylvaniam misit, talarem singulis vestem murinis pellibus suffultam, & aliquot simplices caeteris minoribus tribunis, ac praefectis, munus illuc delaturum. Valachorum Principi, quique ex ejus comitatu, novem itidem consimiles vestes missae sunt.

Hac occasione usus centurio Gallus hinc una in Transylvaniam abiit, qui an∣no priore cum Tókólaeo Sophiam vene∣rat, & cum Legato Gallico Constanti∣nopolin profectus inde in Galliam traje∣cerat. Nunc autem cursu publico Con∣stantinopolin reversus huc venerat, mul∣ta de Gallicis victoriis jactitans, quas de Batavis & Anglis reportaverant. His addebat interpres Gallicus Fontanus, Gallos Batavorum exercitum sub Wal∣deckio in fugam conjecisse, duodecim millibus caesis, octo captis: mari vero conjunctas Batavorum & Anglorum clas∣ses à Gallica victas fugatasque. At id verum esse negitant alii: Regem autem Gulielmum Hiberniam imperio suo subje∣cisse, pulso ac dein in Galliam se recipi∣ente Rege Jacobo. Ad haec Galli nil respondent, nisi, quod certum hujus rei à legato suo nuncium necdum sese acce∣pisse prae se ferant.

A. d. ix. Nicaeae Praefectus tubicinem ad Galilum Pascia de deditione misit, si aequis ea conditionibus, sibique honestis permitteretur: petens, ut Vizirius ••am in r••m tres ad se militares duces mitteret. Verum Vizi••ius, si de tradenda urbe secum agere decrevisset, ipsius esse respon∣dit, certos ad se delegatos mittere. Hoc accepto responso, duo eodem die centu∣riones, cum adjuncto Commissario, in Castra Turcica profecti sunt: atque ita inter hos & Kiaiabejum ac Sagargibas∣sum, aliosque Janizarorum Duces, prae∣sente etiam pro-Vizirio, convenit, ut oppidum cum omnibus commeatibus & apparatu bellico, nec non Turcis fidem Christianam amplexis, ut & servis ac subditis Turcicis, qui in oppido inveni∣rentur, dederetur: Germani, Hungari, aliique milites praesidiarii armati, cum conjugibus ac liberis, impedimentisque omnibus, salvi & incolumes egrederen∣tur, concessis ad eorum devectionem centum curribus, additoque prae∣sidio & praefecto, qui deducerent eos, quocunque vellent: interea temporis praesidium èvestigio fossis & munimentis exterioribus digrediens Janizaris ea tra∣deret. Quod ubi factum, a. d. x Sept. milites nonnulli de praesidio pedites e∣quitesque cum impedimentis suis oppido egressi sunt: viis autem militaribus, cu∣niculis interruptis corruptisque, accidit, ut currus aliquot eversi fractique fuerint: Unde qui praecedebant, aliquantum à cae∣teris disjuncti, cum ad extrema Turca∣rum castra pervenissent, pars à deducen∣tibus Turcis, aliisque militibus spoliati, nonnulli etiam occisi sunt; conjugesque ac liberi eorum in servitutem abducti; quorum numerus ignoratur. At hoc certum est, Vizirium, his cognitis, è ve∣stigio Germanis praesidiariis mandasse, ut in oppido resisterent, posteroque die servatis ordinibus, & cunctis rite dispo∣sitis exirent: vulgato interim per exer∣citum Turcicum edicto, ut, qui de mili∣tibus Christianis, eorumve conjugibus ac liberis quemquam penes se haberent, eos∣dem intra xii horarum spatium dimitte∣rent, atque in libertatem restituerent: qui secus fecissent, capital iis fore. Sed pauci eorum ad suos rediere. Hanc ob culpam duo supremi Equitum praefecti, nunciorumque Sultani Princeps, dignitate dejecti, & cujuscunque muneris publici administrandi in posterum incapaces de∣clarati sunt; utpote qui milites suos in officio continere nequivissent.

Munimentum illaesum atque integrum inventum est: siquidem Turcae, uti su∣pradictum, trium & viginti dierum spa∣tio vix ad exterioris fossae supercilium appropinquaverant. Rogavi ego non∣nullos è militaribus de praesidio ducibus, quae maturandae deditionis causa fuisset? Respondere, nullam auxilii spem: cui mandatum accesserit clanculum ad ipsos perlatum, uti oppidum dederent, ac sa∣luti militum prospicerent. Certe mirari

satis nequo, quum omnes ad oppidum aditus diligentissime obsessi fuerint; quî fieri potuerit, ut quis ad eos inobserva∣tus pertransierit?

Postquam praesidium oppido digressum est, interpreti Gallico imperatum, ut Gallos, quorum aliquot centeni erant ad transitum in castra Turcica invitaret: verum quindecim tantum transiere; quo∣rum quinque religionem Christianam Turcica mutarunt: reliqui Constantino∣polin profecti. Quod autem gentem hanc attinet, bona fide Vae. Excae. affirmare possem, fraternam ipsos Turcis fidem, operamque praestare.

A. d. xii. Galilus Praefectus è castris semet cum Albanis ad Sultanum Galga contulit, suas cum illius copias conjun∣cturus. Hodie vero, qui xvi Septemb. Vizirius castra movet, eo animo atque spe fore, ut intra paucos dies Semen∣dria potiatur: qua capta Taurunum ag∣gressurus ••st: quod mihi inceptum aspe∣rum ac difficile videtur, quum anni tempus intempestivum, militumque clan∣culum sese subducentium haud exiguum numerum considero.

Exemplum alterius ab eodem Epistolae.

DEditionem Nissae proximis inde li∣teris Excae. Vae. significavi: his∣ce, quae post evenêre, exponam.

A. d. xvi. Sept. Semendriam institu∣tum iter, & a. d. xxv. castra ad urbem posita sunt. Verum a. d. xxvii. ante exspectarum, Albani, Janizarique Por∣tam Flumentanam vi summa oppugnantes irrupêre, & universum praesidium 250 Germanorum militum, nemini parcentes, trucidavêre.

A. d. xxx. Motis Castris, Taurunum profecti sumus: eademque vespera ad octavum ab urbe lapidem castrametati, prostridie ab omni eam parte cinximus. Cum vero ad usque viii Octobr. multa cum virtute defenderetur, Deo ita per∣mittente, invictum illud munimentum (humano more loquor) arte summa mu∣nitum, in Turcarum venit potestatem.

Eodem die servus Turca ex urbe in Al∣banorum stativa transfugus, & •• Galilo Pascia exactissime interrogatus, ••xami∣natusque, turrim in urbe ostendit, in qua magna vis pulveris pyrij esset recondita. Bombis igitur in eam▪ directis, tectum, quod ex ligno erat, incensum, & dein∣ceps hora circiter promeridiana tertia universa interior urbs flammis & ignibus colluxit, turrisque vi accensi pulveris in aera disjecta muros urbis ita convulsit, ut prolapsi fossas adimplerent. Hinc sta∣tim Albani civitatem invadentes, atque irrumpentes, nec ••exui nec aetati peper∣cere, quidquid obvium ferro conficientes. Tristissimus hic casus ita Germanos per∣turbavit, ut desubito nullo servato ordine ad portum flumenque profugerent, adeo trepide, ut, mortem vitare conantes, in scaphas & naviculas se praecipitarent, ac divinae se providentiae permittentes, pars secundo flumine descenderent, pars eodem adverso, remorum auxilio evadere cona∣rentur. Verum maximam eorum partem mox immissi Tartari consecuti ceperunt: adeo ut de tribus militum millibus, qui∣bus hoc praesidium constitit, vix tre∣centos effugisse existimem, quos noctis ingruentis tenebrae texerunt, atque con∣servarunt.

Inter captivos nemo alicujus nominis repertus: neque ex illorum quoquam, quid Principe Croïaco factum sit, resciri hactenus potuit; quamquam diligentis∣sime in eum inquisitum fuit. Hic Prin∣ceps eodem mensis Oct. die octavo Tau∣runum venerat Comitemque Aspremon∣tium certiorem fecerat auxilii cohortium aliquot Germanarum postridie secundo flumine adventuri. Sed nec de hoc As∣premontio certi quidpiam cognosci, inda∣garíve potuit.

Non in interiore, neque in exteriore urbe vel minima casula restitit, super∣fuitve illaesa: adeo cuncta aedificia flam∣mis consumpta sunt. Interioris urbis moe∣nia tota sedibus suis evulsa & disjecta sunt: sed exterioris pleraque supersunt. Hac urbis per pulverem pyrium ever∣sione, bomborumque aliquot, qui altero etiam ab urbe capta die dissiliere, mag∣nus Turcarum numerus interiit.

A. d. xi. Tartarorum Hanus, corpore licet invalidus, in castra ad Vizirium venit; quicum hic belli consilia agita∣turus est. Caeterum jam sedet Vizirio▪ tres Turcicos praefectos cum omni Tarta∣rorum copia Osseckium mittere. Cui rei exsequendae Savus fl. ponte jungitur, qui intra biduum è navibus & scaphis, magno numero ad Belgradum repertis, perfectus erit, paratusque.

Hoc porro Excae. Vae. affirmare ausim, ni tempus anni expeditionibus bellicis commodum jam effluxisset, fore, ut Vi∣zirius hoc adhuc anno Budam tenderet. Cognovit enim è captivis, perpaucos tam Budae, quam Osseckii mili••es in prae∣sidio esse, eosque magnam partem è morbo infirmos.

Reperta Tauruni tormenta bellica ma∣jora centum; minora vero multo plura: quae cum bombis & pulveris pyrii copia sub terram reconditi, inventique, quan∣tumvis validae sustinendae sufficiant obsi∣dioni.

De Tókólaeo nil certi accepimus, ni∣si quod plebem sibi Transylvanicam in∣dies magis magisque concilier, ac sub∣jiciat: tum in eo esse, ut Albae Juliae de more tanquam Princeps Transylvaniae inauguretur. Veruntamen munimenta pleraque in potestate adhuc sunt Caesa∣••ianorum. Quantum inquirendo perci∣pio, ad ultimum hujus mensis Octobris hic subsistemus: deinde in hyberna miles deducetur. Atque haec hactenus: caetera proximis literis perscribam. Vale.

The News of the Surrender of Widin, caused the Vizier to hasten the taking of Nissa, that he might have time afterwards before the Winter to take in Belgrade; to which end he furiously assaulted the place on all sides, and continually both by Day and Night fired with Cannon and Bombs into the City; by which the Garrison be∣ing diminished from 3 unto 2000 Men, and the Counterscarp taken, and no hopes of Relief, General Staremberg the Gover∣nor thereof was forced to a Capitulation,* 7.2 and Surrendered on the 8th of September on very honourable Terms: Namely, That the Garrison should march out with Bag and Baggage, Trumpets sounding, and Drums beating, Colours flying, and with all their Arms, and to be conveyed in safety to the Morava. But the Turks did not faithfully observe this Agreement, but robbed and disarmed many of them. The Tartars also pursued after them as far as Semendria, with intent to cut them all off; of which Count Staremberg having Advice, he speedily passed the Danube, and so arrived in safety at Belgrade. The Turks found 9•• pieces of Cannon and Mortar-pieces in Nissa; after the taking of which they marched directly towards Bel∣grade, and took Semendria in their way, of which Lieutenant Colonel Weingartler, a stout and valiant Soldier, was the Go∣vernor; but having no more than 500 Germ••ns, and 400 Rascian Soldiers in all, for defence of the place, they sustained a Storm from all the Turkish Army; but be∣ing overwhelmed with Numbers,* 7.3 the Go∣vernour with all his Soldiers were put to the Sword and perished; and the Turks became Masters of the place, in which they found a good Booty with quantity of Provisions.

In the mean time Prince Lewis conti∣nued his march towards Transylvania, and having passed the Danube at Culitz, a place something below Semendria, he arrived at Karansebes with the Horse on the 16th, but the Foot and Baggage came not thi∣ther until two days afterwards. And here it was that the Prince received Intelligence how that Tekeli's Lieutenant-General was marching against him with some thou∣sands of Horse, by way of the Valley of Hadegger, leading to that place, which is called the Iron-Gate, with intent to hinder the Prince's passage into Transylvania; but the Germans were beforehand with them, and with a Party of Horse took posses∣sion of the Pass before Tekeli's Men could reach it;* 7.4 which they maintained for two or three days before the Army could come and enter into it; and having passed it about the 21st, they drew into Battalia according to the situation of the Ground, and encamped near the Ancient Romana Colonia Vulpia Trajana, the Ruins of which do still appear, where they remained until the 24th, before which time their heavy Baggage could not arrive at the Camp.

The German Army being thus entered into Transylvania, many of the Nobility of that Country applied themselves to the Prince for Safe-Conducts, or Protections, to live quietly and to save their Goods; whilst in the mean time, the Rascians were entered into Walachia, where they plun∣dered, burned, and put all to the Sword with as much Cruelty as enraged Men can exercise one against the other. But Prince Lewis marched with his Army in three Lines, until they came within an hours distance from Huniad, and here the Army rested for a while.

The Turks, as we have said, having taken Semendria, and killed all that were it, the Grand Vizier marched with all his Forces towards Belgrade; of which, News being carried to the Imperial Court, the Duke of Croy was immediately dispatched to Belgrade, to take upon him the Com∣mand of that City.

The Duke was sent away on the 1st of October,* 7.5 which was the Day that the Grand Vizier invested Belgrade,* 7.6 and en∣camped in the very same Places and Posts which the Christians had set out and marked two years before; And on the 2d he had surrounded the City from the Danube to the Save; and from that Day to the 8th they fired continually with their Cannon and Bombs without ceasing, and stormed the Pallisadoes with such Rage, without fear or wit, that the Defendants wondered to see them run on so desperately before any Breach, or the least opening was made to favour or prepare for an Attack.

* 7.7On the 8th, The Duke of Croy arrived in the City by Boat, and immediately applied himself to take a View with Ge∣neral Aspremont, and Officers of the Ar∣tillery of all the Works and Fortifications, as also of the Enemies Trenches, which were already advanced within 12 Paces of the Pallisadoes;* 7.8 which done, he reti∣red to his Lodging; and that night, the Besieged discovered and emptied one of the Turks Mines just ready to be Sprung: Next Morning the Duke of Croy being desirous to send a true account to the Em∣peror of the State and Condition of the Place, a Draught thereof was drawn and subscribed by General Aspremont, and Of∣ficers of the Artillery; which whilst the Duke, after a small Breakfast, was pre∣paring to dispatch away, giving an Ac∣count withall, that there were not above 3200 Men in the place fit for Service, an outcry was made, That the great Blue-Steeple of the Castle began to burn;* 7.9 up∣on which Alarm the Generals and others applying themselves to extinguish the Fire, it was soon put out. But no sooner were the Generals and People returned to their Homes, and busily employed in their Dispatches for Vienna, which were to be carried by the Count Archinto; but by some unknown Accident; or as it is ra∣ther believed, by the Treachery of a Turk disguised in a German Habit, or by the villainous and traiterous Practice of some French, who had been employed to work in the Magazines, and had that Morning Deserted, and gone over to the Turk; the said Blue-Steeple, about three or four a Clock in the Afternoon (which was the principal Magazine for Powder in all the City) took Fire,* 7.10 and blew up, with such Violence, that the Duke was not only wounded, but half buried in the rubbish of his own Lodgings, and dis-interred as it were by a Page of General Aspremont. This blow over-turned the great Bulwark, which defended the Castle, together with its Walls, Guns, and other Defences, opening so large a Breach for the Enemy, that they might have entered the Town with whole Squadrons: And so extraor∣dinary and fatal was this blow, that it de∣stroyed a thousand Men of the Garrison,* 7.11 which were drawn up on the place of Arms and on the Walls; so that when the Ge∣nerals ordered new Men to supply the Places of those who had been killed by this fatal Clap, and defend the Breach, they could not find a sufficient number to with∣stand the Enemy, then ready to take ad∣vantage of this dreadful blow; howso∣ever, they made the best resistance pos∣sible, until their remaining Magazines and Store-Houses took Fire, and blew up one after the other, in such a dismal manner, that for Fire, Powder, Smoak, Stones, and Dust, one Man could not see,* 7.12 much less know the other; and in this Confu∣sion, not only the greatest part of the Garrison perished, but even a thousand Turks storming at that time the Walls, and entring the City, were also lost; and such as remained alive were forced to re∣treat back to the Camp; at which time it seemed, as if a Cessation of Arms had been made during this gloomy and dismal Interval; but so soon as it had cleared up a little, the Turks observing the great Consternation in the City, so that those who remained alive, could make no resi∣stance, they rather entered the Walls than Stormed them;* 7.13 And being come within the City, they found very few Christians living, or Houses standing, and the very Boats in the River were sunk by the weight of the Stones and rubbish which were fallen into them; so that those who e∣scaped, saved themselves for the most part by Swimming▪ some over the Danube, and some over the Save; on which occasion, howsoever some few Boats remained,* 7.14 by which many passed over, and amongst the rest, the Duke, and General Aspremont, with some of their Servants; but no Man could save more than what he carried about him.

Count Aspremont being blamed for this Action, was cleared by this following Copy.

Copie de l'Attestation donnee par le Prince Louis de Bade, a Monsieur le Comte d'Aspremont au sujet de la parte de la Forteresse de Belgrade.

LA Forteresse de Belgrade ayant été mal∣heureusement prise par les ennemis l'an 1690. ensuitte de la grande confusion que causa l'embrasement du Magazine a poudre, plusieurs personnes mal informées des circon∣stances de cette affaire en ont voulu attri∣buer principalement la faute au Comte d'As∣premont quoyqu'il n'y commandast plus en Chef; ce qui a extremement diminué dans le monde le bon credit dans le quel il etoit, sur tout a cause qu'il avoit été mis en arrest comme Sa Majesté Imperial a accoutumé de faire en de semblables rencontres.

N'ayant donc appris autre chose de Mon∣seigneur le Duc de Croy, ainsi que des autres Generaux & Officiers qui ont été commandez dans la dite Forteresse; si non que le susdit Comte d'Aspremont y a fait en toutes ma∣nieres

son devoir, & y a montré son zéle en tout ce qui pouvoit concerner le service de Sa Majesté Imperiale, tellement qu'ayant été pleinement informé de tout le susdit, & en consideration de la verité du fait je n'ay pû faire moins que de donner a Monsieur le Comte d'Aspremont non seulement la presente Atte∣station, mais aussi pour son unique Consola∣tion, & afin qu'un chacun puisse voir & con∣noitre le contraire des Calomnies dont on l'a voulu charger, de le recommander aupres de nótre tres Clement Maitre & en tous lieux ou il pourroit en avoir besoin pour son avance∣ment, étant hors de doute que sa été entiere∣ment contre la Clemente Intention de Sa Ma∣jesté Imperiale qu'il a dû souffrir toutes ces Calomnies. En foy de quoy j'ay signé la presente & y ay fait apposer mon cachet. Fait a Vienne, ce 10 Fevrier 1693.

Louis Margrave de Baden de Sa Majeste Imperiale Lieutenant General, Marechal de Camp, Colonel & Gouverneur de Raab.

And thus every Man shifting as well as he could for himself, the Duke rallied about 400 Men in all, with which he arrived at Titul, and afterwards marched with them to Peter Waradin; but the Duke remained not long here, before he departed, and took his march for Esseck, emptying all the Garrisons by the way, such as Illock, Sabaz, and Brod, and joyn∣ing all the Forces he was able to Con∣serve that important place; it being con∣jectured, that after having rendred them∣selves Masters of Belgrade, the Turks would not stop there, but following the air of their good Fortune, would endeavour also to take Esseck: But the Season of the Year being far spent, it was believed that the Grand Vizier would think he had done enough for this Summer, and therefore would conclude the Campagne with an Action of so much Glory; but the Grand Vizier rested not here, but having left 10000 Men for a Garrison in Belgrade, and recommended the repair of the Breaches to the Care of some French Ingeniers that followed the Army, and leaving some of their Horse Cantoned near the City; the greatest part of their Cavalry was orde∣red for the Upper Hungary; upon the News of which,* 8.1 the Germans were so Alarm'd, that they quitted the Blockade before Great Waradin, and with other Troops which were in the Neighbourhood, they marched towards the Tibiscus, to se∣cure the passage of that River.

In the mean time the Pasha of Bosnia was Commanded by the Grand Vizier to take Esseck, whilst he himself, with a strong Army of Turks passed the Da∣nube; whereupon the Germans quitted Lu∣gos, and Caranzebes, and the Vizier marched directly to Lippa▪ which place having been attacked with much Resolution, and continual Storms, and in want of all Pro∣visions, was forced to Surrender, but on very honourable Capitulations, being per∣mitted to march out with Bag and Bag∣gage, Drums beating, and with Colours flying: The Besieged lost but ten Men, but the Turks 800 in this Action.

Whilst Matters succeeded in this man∣ner with the Vizier's Army,* 8.2 Prince Lewis of Baden continued his march by way of Weissenburg and Mullenbach, and arrived the 3d of October at Hermanstadt, where for want of Provisions he was forced to remain for some days; but being at length supplied with all things necessary, they decamped, and came to Medies,* 8.3 where they attacked, and beat several Parties of the Enemies, whose Heads they brought with Triumph into the Camp: For as to Tekeli, and his Troops, they never stood their Ground, but as Prince Lewis ad∣vanced, they always retreated, keeping at least six Leagues distant from the German Army. At length he came to Czick upon the Borders of Walachia; where to en∣courage and keep his Followers together, he boasted of great Succours coming from the Turks: But this Report would not serve his turn; for the Prince of Walachia having received Intelligence that the Ras∣cians did much Infest and Ruin his Coun∣try, he was the first to desert the Army, and return home to defend and preserve the same. Soon afterwards, the Zecklers and Transylvanians following the Example of the former, left the Army, and re∣turned to their Homes; the which Mis∣fortunes were soon seconded by the ill News, That 200 of his Men, who blocked up the Castle of Terezwar, had been sur∣prised, and cut to pieces by the Germans. After which, the Prince pursued Tekeli towards Czick,* 8.4 from whence likewise he decamped, and fled through the whole Country, being hunted from one place to another; but seeing that Tekeli could be fixed in no place, the Prince sent back all his Baggage to Medies: and having alarm'd Tekeli on every side, he caused all the Roads into the Georgian Country to be stopped up, and rendered unpassa∣ble; and being in a full march, and fresh pursuit after him, he almost surprized him, and had certainly taken him, had not the Prince been discovered in his passage over the River near Marienburg; at which Te∣keli

was so affrighted,* 8.5 that he betook him∣self to flight, and with great Confusion retired through the Pass of Bozz in Wa∣lachia;* 8.6 but being still pursued by some German Horse, they overtook seven or eight Waggons with Baggage, which they seized with several Prisoners; but Tekeli staid in no place, but rode Post away un∣til he came as far as Tergovitz in Walachia. And thus ending the short Reign of this Transylvanian King, the Emperor became a second time the Master of that Principali∣ty; the Care and Preservation of which was committed to the Charge and Go∣vernment of General Veterani, who with eight Regiments, and a good part of the Army, returned back to Zatmar.

According to Orders received from the Grand Vizier, Chusacin Pasha of Bosnia, appeared on the 29th of October, with Mustapha Pasha▪ and one Beg or Lord of that Country,* 8.7 before Esseck, with 12 or 15000 Men; and the day following sent a Summons to the Duke of Croy, to Sur∣render up the Fortress unto the invincible Power of his Sovereign, the Ottoman Em∣peror, and in failure of a ready Compli∣ance herewith, he thr••atned to destroy the whole Garrison, Man, Woman, and Child, and not so much as to spare or give Quarter to Infants in the Womb of their Mothers.

Hereunto the Duke returned for Answer, That the Germans did not use to be terrified with high and menacing Words;* 8.8 That they had not a Woman in the Town, and conse∣quently no Children to be concerned for who were unborn; but they should find Men there who were resolved to de••end the Town to the utmost of their power.

Upon this Answer, the Pasha immedi∣ately stormed the Counterscarps, which were without any Parapet, and provided only with some small Pallisadoes: How∣soever,* 8.9 tho' the Garrison consisted only of 2000 Men, the Turks were repulsed with great loss and slaughter. The Pasha find∣ing himself mistaken in his Measures, and that the place was resolved to make a bet∣ter resistance than he expected, he began to form an Attack in good Order, opening Trenches, and raising Batteries, which was performed with such diligence, that on the 2d of November,* 8.10 two Batteries were finished, from whence with eight Guns, and two Mortar-pieces, they fired conti∣nually into the Town. The Duke one Evening walking with some Officers through the Pallisadoes to take a view of the Enemy, was discovered by them, and thereupon a whole Volley of shot was poured upon them; amongst which, one Musket-shot took of the Hat and Perri∣wig of the Duke,* 8.11 and grazing on his Fore∣head, took off the Skin for the breadth of a Finger, without other hurt or mischief.

On the 4th about Noon the Duke caused a Salley to be made by 200 Foot,* 8.12 30 Granadiers, and 100 Horse, which so well succeeded, that the Turks were beat∣en out of their Trenches, having 200 of their Men killed on the place, and five Standards taken, with the loss only of two Men killed and about 30 wounded: Had the Lieutenant who commanded the Horse, done his Duty, and advanced as he ought to have done, to cut off the Enemies Retreat, above 40 Colours had been taken, and not one of them had escaped out of their Trenches; for which Default the said Lieutenant was seized, and arrested.

On the 5th, The Turks had advanced within 15 Paces of the Pallisadoes, and Counterscarp, and had so battered, and ruined the Houses within the Town, e∣specially that in which the Duke had his Quarters, that very few were standing, and scarce any place to remain or abide in. The Turks likewise began again to appear in great numbers, threatning a general Storm; But the Duke, and the other Generals, providing to make the best Resistance, and most vigorous Defence they were able, entered into the Counterscarps with un∣daunted Resolution; but the Enemy at∣tempted nothing, as if some strange fear had possessed them. In the mean time, the Duke being returned to his Lodgings, the Hussars brought to him three Turks; who being in Examination, demanded for what Reason the Enemies had made so vio∣lent an Assault without Trenches or Earth to cover them; it was answered, That there being a Report in the Army, that the Christians were coming with a power∣ful Army to relieve the Town; it was re∣solved to take the place, if possible, be∣fore the Succours came; for which reason they endeavoured to carry all at once, by dint of Sword, or force of Arms.

The Duke, and General Staremberg ha∣ving received this Information, sent out by Night all the Drums and Trumpets,* 8.13 and Bag-Pipes which were in the Town, to the Regiment of Hofkirchen, and some Hussars, which were quartered on this side of the Drave, with Orders and Instru∣ctions, that when the Evening was come, they should under the Obscurity of the Night, march to and fro, causing the marches of Musqueteers, and Dragoons, at convenient distances to be beaten, and Trumpets and Kettle-Drums to be sounded from several Places; which being exactly performed according to Orders, caused

such an Alarm in the Turkish Camp, as struck all with Fear and Confusion, be∣lieving that the Succours, which they feared,* 8.14 were now arrived, which caused such a Consternation in the Turkish Camp, that they quitted all their Trenches in the Night with a confused Precipitation, ma∣king what haste was possible for Bosnia.

Of this the Besieged knew as yet no∣thing, but perceiving towards six a Clock in the Morning, that not the least noise was heard in the Turkish Trenches, the Duke gave 50 Dollars to a Musketeer to adventure out, and take a view of the Camp and Trenches; the which having done, he returned, and gave a Report, That not a Turk was remaining, either in one or the other.* 8.15 So soon as the Day∣broke, the Garrison sallied out, and en∣tered the deserted Camp, in which they found great Spoils, three pieces of Can∣non, 100 Bombs, and other warlike In∣struments which the Turks had left behind in their affright, which possessed them with such pannick Fear, that they stopped not, or looked behind them, till they had pas∣sed the Bridges at Walcowar, where they stayed no longer than only to break them down to secure their flight.

The Story hereof was pleasantly related by a certain German, who had three years before been taken by the Turks, and had for his skill in the Turkish Language, been received into Service of the Pasha's Secre∣tary: This Man during the flight had thrown himself into a Cock of Hay and Straw, where he lay hidden until the Turks were gone, and then creeping out, escaped to Esseck, and there told the Duke; That the ••asha was a dull, old, timorous Fellow; who when he heard all the Drums beat, and the Trumpets and Bagpipes sound, he was struck with so much Fear, that he trembled, his Hands and Feet shook, his Knees knocked one against the other, and his Legs were not able to sup∣port his Body▪ and he farther said, That the Pasha had been ordered by the Grand Vizier, that so soon as he had made him∣self Master of Esseck, that he should not stop there, but should make Excursions round the Country, ruining and destroy∣ing all with Fire and Sword; but this Stra∣tagem so well succeeded, that the People and Country were freed of the Turks, and the Ruin which they threatned.

The Siege being thus raised, Lieutenant Colonel Lyon was dispatched with the News to the Imperial Court;* 8.16 which so much rejoyced the Emperor and the whole City, that all the former sinister Successes of the Campagne seemed forgotten, and fwallowed up in the Joy of this Action; for which the Duke of Croy, and General Staremberg were so cryed up, that never any thing seemed comparable to this Stra∣tagem, and gained them not only the Fame of valiant, but wise Generals: This News was the more wellcome, because it was surprizing, and unexpected; for the Town was so ill fortified, that the Sol∣diers would never have been perswaded to hold out, had not the Duke liberally di∣stributed his Money in the Garrison, and treated the Soldiers plentifully at the Rate of a Pound of Flesh, and a Quart of Wine for every Day; And indeed there was a necessity thereof in that moist Country, which is nothing but marshy and wet Places, and in that Season of the Year, subject to Rain, Fogs, Frost, and all ex∣tremities of the Weather.

Thus this Siege being happily raised, Te Deum was sung in Esseck; and all the Trenches of the Enemy being levelled, the Duke committed the Command of the Town to General Staremberg, and returned himself to Vienna.

In the mean time, Prince Lewis conti∣nued his march for Zatmar, where he ar∣rived the first of December, having been Complimented all along in his march by the States of Transylvania;* 8.17 * 8.18 particularly at Enget, where Thanks were particularly re∣turned him, for having delivered them from the Tyrannical Government of Count Tekeli: Which poor Prince, after many Difficulties, being come into Walachia, 300 Zecklers which had followed him did then Desert him; but marching home without leave, were pursued by some of his Troops, and cut down in such manner, that none of them escaped. The Walachians also, unwilling to have their Country ruined by the Rascians,* 8.19 who designing to make their Winter-quarters there, caused great Fears, so that he laboured under perpetual Trou∣bles and Hardships.

At Zatmar, Prince Lewis was forced to continue for some Days for Refreshment, both of his Soldiers, Horses, and Mules, the which were so extreamly tired by their long Marches, especially the Beasts which had carried the Baggage, that they would not stir nor rise, until they put fire under them.

In the mean time the Turks under the Command of the Grand Vizier's Son, con∣tinued to over-run and spoil all the Coun∣try on the other side of the Theysse, and sent a Summons to the Governor of St. Iob to Surrender the place to them; but he answered, That the Place being a Fortress belonging to the Emperor, of which Ge∣neral Nigrelli had the Keys, he was not capacitated to comply with their Desires.

Hereof News being brought to Prince Lewis at Zatmar,* 8.20 who had not with him above 2000 good Horse; the Enemy be∣ing 15000 strong,* 8.21 did not think himself in a Condition to fight them, but sending to Colonel Schick, who with his Regiment was quartered near Zolnock, and to the Hussars who were in those parts, to joyn as speedily as they could possibly with him, and to put themselves into a posture to meet and fight the Enemy. Whilst things were forming and contriving for this Action, a certain stout Fellow, who used to go out upon Parties, named Kis Ballad, had a Rencounter with the Tartars in the Parts adjacent, of whom he killed 100, and took 50 Prisoners. Of this Body, those that escaped carried News to the Turks and Tartars, that the Prince had quitted Transylvania, and lay encamped near Zatmar; upon which Advice, 12000 Turks made an Excursion into that Coun∣try: But Prince Lewis having now got together 4000 good Horse, adventured to seek the Enemy; and on the 20th of this month came to Claussenburg, where two Days before the Turks had been, and sum∣moned the place to make a Surrender; but the Summons being rejected, the Turks having burned the Suburbs, returned to Enget, and in their march passing in sight of Claussenburg, they burnt and destroyed all Places in their way, and attacked the Foragers, and advanced Guards; took some few German Prisoners, with the loss only of about 50 of their Men, and so marched directly towards Temeswaer: But Prince Lewis having been joyned by Ge∣neral Nigrelli with 2000 Horse,* 8.22 by which and his own he made a Body of 4000 well armed and accoutred, he pursued them so closely at the Heels, that the E∣nemy entirely quitted Transylvania, with the greatest haste and confusion imaginable; and falling in with their Rear, cut down about a 1000 of their Men, took three pieces of Cannon, with a great many Camels and Horses, and most of their Baggage; and hasting away with all the speed possible, more in the Nature of a Flight than a Retreat, they at length arri∣ved at Temeswaer, but with much diminu∣tion of their numbers, caused by toilsome and long Marches, and the excessive Colds in the Night, whereby some were frozen to Death, and others seized by Catarrhs and Rheums, which made them uncapable of farther Service.

After this,* 8.23 the Island of Orsoua surren∣dred to the Turks for want of Ammunition; the Governor upon the Articles granted, desired to be conducted to Belgrade, not knowing but that it remained still in the hands of the Germans; and tho' the Turks told him the contrary, yet not believing them, he still persisted so earnestly to be Convoyed to Belgrade, that the Turks at length carried him and his People thither, consisting of 600 Men, besides Women and Children; but this mistrust of the Turks words cost them dear, for arriving there, they were put for two days into a Fort of the City, and afterwards comman∣ded them to bring out their Arms, and lay them upon Waggons, on promise of send∣ing them for Esseck, which being done, they commanded them to come forth two by two, that they might be the better counted. After which, they drove them back to the Fort like Cattle, and chained them there with Iron-Chains, where they kept them in so severe an Imprisonment, that most of them died with Want and Hunger, except such as were under 20 years of Age, whom they Shaved and Circumcised, and made Turks; but the Women and Children they Sold, and pil∣laged all the Goods, which they brought out with them. In this Island the Enemies found 23 great Guns, 15 Field-pieces, and three Mortars, but the Bombs and Powder were thrown into the River: And thus ended this Year, which proved the most unfortunate to the Emperor of any, that had happened since the beginning of this War.

Notes

• * 1.1

  1689. January.
• * 1.2

  Th•• Vene∣tian 〈…〉〈…〉 Napoli de Romania.
• * 1.3

  1689. January.
• * 1.4

  The Vene∣tians in some di∣stress.
• * 1.5

  The Doge sick.
• * 1.6

  February.
• * 1.7

  A Convoy with Money and Provi∣sion arrives from Ve∣nice.
• * 1.8

  1689. February.
• * 1.9

  Turkish ••o••ces landed at Negro∣pont.
• * 1.10

  March. Morosini re••ov••rs his Health.
• * 1.11

  Negro∣pont sup∣plied.
• * 1.12

  1689. March.
• * 1.13

  Malvasia bl••••ked up▪
• * 1.14

  Liberachi ••ncamped.
• * 1.15

  He purposes to joyn with Bos∣sina.
• * 1.16

  Th•• Vene∣tians f••ar the inc••••ase o•• Libera∣chi's Fo••∣ces.
• * 1.17

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 Reme∣dy.
• * 1.18

  A Plot laid against Li∣berachi.
• * 1.19

  A Plo•• a∣ga••nst Li∣berachi.
• * 1.20

  Dambi s••nt to him
• * 1.21

  Is kindly received by Liberachi.
• * 1.22

  Their Con∣fer••nce.
• * 1.23

  Liberachi excuses his coming o∣ver to the Veneti∣ans.
• * 1.24

  Ali Bey disturbs the Dis∣course.
• * 1.25

  Liberachi his Com∣pliment s••nt to the Doge.
• * 1.26

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.27

  Dambi de∣parts.
• * 1.28

  The Troops embarked.
• * 1.29

  The Doge sails for Culuri.
• * 1.30

  Some fears for the Convoy coming from Ve∣nice.
• * 1.31

  The Duke of Gua∣dagne joyns the Fleet.
• * 1.32

  Two Vene∣tian Gal∣lies lost.
• * 1.33

  A Relation of the state of theTown.
• * 1.34

  1689. May.
• * 1.35

  June.
• * 1.36

  The Malta Gallies ar∣rived the 24th.
• * 1.37

  The Vene∣tian Convoy arrives.
• * 1.38

  1689. June.
• * 1.39

  Visits made to the Dog••▪
• * 1.40

  The Com∣plements returned,
• * 1.41

  The Result of a Coun∣cil of War.
• * 1.42

  Liberachi th••••at••ns 〈◊〉〈◊〉 n••ar ••a∣lona.
• * 1.43

  H•• ••••••hts, a•••• i•• de∣f••ated.
• * 1.44

  July.
• * 1.45

  The N••••∣row of Co∣rinth for∣t••f••••d.
• * 1.46

  The Plag•••• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 out.
• * 1.47

  1689. July.
• * 1.48

  Malvasia blocked up.
• * 1.49

  The Malta Gallies permitted to cruise abroad.
• * 1.50

  A Storm endangers ••he Gallies.
• * 1.51

  Reinforce∣ment sent ••o the Nar∣row of Co∣rinth.
• * 1.52

  The Bombs annoy the Town.
• * 1.53

  Th•• Gallies of Malta return.
• * 1.54

  ••h••y go a∣ga••n to Sea.
• * 1.55

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.56

  Corna•••• joyns the Fleet.
• * 1.57

  Attempt to burn the Vessels of the Town▪
• * 1.58

  1689. August.
• * 1.59

  But with∣out effect.
• * 1.60

  Venier & Carac∣cioli kil∣led.
• * 1.61

  Are great∣ly lament∣ed.
• * 1.62

  The Turks make a Sa••ly.
• * 1.63

  Som•• Ol∣trama∣rines put to ••••ight.
• * 1.64

  The Sera∣skier keeps a Guard on Negro∣pont.
• * 1.65

  The Ships batter the Town.
• * 1.66

  Septemb.
• * 1.67

  The Doge sick of a Fever.
• * 1.68

  1689. Septemb.
• * 1.69

  The Doge returns ••ome.
• * 1.70

  The Gallies of Malta separate from the Fleet.
• * 1.71

  The Doge at Ragusi.
• * 1.72

  October.
• * 1.73

  Spalato.
• * 1.74

  Octob. 3d
• * 1.75

  The Doge makes his Quaran∣tene at Spalato.
• * 1.76

  Novemb.
• * 1.77

  1689. Novemb.
• * 1.78

  Theyr joyc•• for the Suc∣c••ss••s of Pr▪ Lewis of Baden.
• * 1.79

  The P••at∣cic•• giv••n to the Doge.
• * 1.80

  Decemb.
• * 1.81

  T•••• D••g•• departs from Spa∣lato, and arrives at Venice.
• * 1.82

  1690. January.
• * 1.83

  The Ger∣mans de∣feated.
• * 1.84

  Count Monte∣celli At∣tacked by the Tar∣tars.
• * 1.85

  He makes his Escape with some lo••s.
• * 1.86

  Casseneck surrendred.
• * 1.87

  Corbelli destroys the Palanca of Bellin∣gesh.
• * 1.88

  The Ger∣mans get an Advan∣tage.
• * 1.89

  The Tar∣tars bar∣barous U∣sage of the poor People.
• * 1.90

  They return to Budzi∣ack.
• * 1.91

  Nissa i•• want of Provisions.
• * 1.92

  February.
• * 1.93

  Canisia 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to capitulat••.
• * 1.94

  1690. February.
• * 1.95

  Places ta∣ken and burnt.
• * 1.96

  March.
• * 1.97

  The Rasci∣ans faith∣ful to the Emperor.
• * 1.98

  1690. March.
• * 1.99

  Canisia treats.
• * 1.100

  Answer to the Garri∣son of Ca∣nisia.
• * 1.101

  Hostages given.
• * 1.102

  The Empe∣ror ratifi•••• th•• Treaty.
• * 1.103

  April.
• * 1.104

  The T••on surrendred.
• * 1.105

  1690. April.
• * 1.106

  The Cannon and Am∣munition and Provi∣sions taken therein.
• * 1.107

  The Situa∣tion of Ca∣nisia.
• * 1.108

  Incursions made into several places.
• * 1.109

  Some Skir∣mishes.
• * 1.110

  The Turks worsted.
• * 1.111

  Several small Par∣ti ••e••∣gage.
• * 1.112

  May.
• * 1.113

  Nissa pro∣vided.
• * 1.114

  1690. May.
• * 1.115

  〈…〉〈…〉 F••ies
• * 1.116

  Berko∣witz taken by a Cap∣tain of Dalmatia.
• * 1.117

  Sea Rob∣bers Land.
• * 1.118

  Berni•• surpri•••••• by the Christi∣ans.
• * 1.119

  The Grand Vizier marches to the Camp at Nico∣polis.
• * 1.120

  June.
• * 1.121

  The Palan∣ca of Bel∣lanasch surprized and taken.
• * 1.122

  1690. Ju••e.
• * 1.123

  〈1 paragraph〉〈1 paragraph〉
• * 1.124

  Radimir abandoned by 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Turks.
• * 1.125

  A Booty taken from the Hus∣sars.
• * 1.126

  〈…〉〈…〉 Tu••ks
• * 1.127

  〈…〉〈…〉 Great Waradin.
• * 1.128

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 C••s••••e 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Bella∣nasch sur∣ren••red.
• * 1.129

  July.
• * 1.130

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 Turks 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Strahina.
• * 1.131

  1690. July▪
• * 1.132

  Pernich sto••med & taken.
• * 1.133

  Tekeli declared Prince of Transil∣vania.
• * 4.1

  The Tar∣tars r••tire from Wi∣din.
• * 4.2

  Corbelli reinforces the Troops in Servia.
• * 4.3

  August.
• * 4.4

  1690. August.
• * 4.5

  The Chri∣stian Camp at Alexin.
• * 4.6

  Pyroth taken.
• * 4.7

  Nissa in∣vested.
• * 4.8

  A Sally made from the Town.
• * 4.9

  General Heusler defeated.
• * 4.10

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 Doria sold for 60 Rix Dollars.
• * 5.1

  Tekeli's Letter to his Prin∣cess.
• * 6.1

  The Princes••'s An∣swer.
• * 6.2

  Widin inv••sted.
• * 6.3

  Pr. Lewis at ••ago∣dina.
• * 6.4

  Nissa straitly Be∣sieged
• * 6.5

  And At∣tacked.
• * 6.6

  Septemb.
• * 6.7

  Widin surrender∣ed.
• * 6.8

  The Garri∣son march∣es and joyns with Pr. Lewis.
• * 7.1

  1690. Septemb.
• * 7.2

  Nissa 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 7.3

  Semen∣d••••a 〈…〉〈…〉.
• * 7.4

  P. Lewis in Tran∣silvania.
• * 7.5

  October
• * 7.6

  The Grand Vizier in∣vests Bel∣grade.
• * 7.7

  1690. October.
• * 7.8

  The Duke of Croy at Belgrade.
• * 7.9

  The Steeple of theCastle takes fire.
• * 7.10

  Again on fire and blows up.
• * 7.11

  A great slaughter thereby.
• * 7.12

  All the Magazines of Powder and Prov••∣s••ons 〈◊〉〈◊〉 up.
• * 7.13

  Belgrade taken
• * 7.14

  The Duke of Croy e∣scapes with the Gene∣rals.
• * 8.1

  The Ger∣mans quit t••e 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Great-Waradin.
• * 8.2

  P. Lewis continues his march,
• * 8.3

  And beats several Parties of the Enemy.
• * 8.4

  Tekeli flies from place to place.
• * 8.5

  1689. October.
• * 8.6

  H•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in••o Wa∣lachia.
• * 8.7

  Esseck summoned.
• * 8.8

  The Answer to the Sum∣mons.
• * 8.9

  The Turks repuls••d.
• * 8.10

  Novemb.
• * 8.11

  1690. Novemb.
• * 8.12

  A Salley made from the Town.
• * 8.13

  A strata∣g••m to de∣ceive the Tu••ks.
• * 8.14

  It succeeds to the ter∣rour of the Turks.
• * 8.15

  The Turks raise the Siege by a pannick fear.
• * 8.16

  Ioy at Vi∣enna.
• * 8.17

  Decemb.
• * 8.18

  P. Lewis complimen∣ted by all the States of Tran∣sylvania.
• * 8.19

  C. Tekeli in a sad C ndition.
• * 8.20

  1690. Decemb.
• * 8.21

  P. Lewis prepares to fight the Turks.
• * 8.22

  The Turks return with loss ••o Te∣meswaer.
• * 8.23

  Orsou•• s••rrendred to the Turks.