The Turkish history from the original of that nation, to the growth of the Ottoman empire with the lives and conquests of their princes and emperours / by Richard Knolles ... ; with a continuation to this present year MDCLXXXVII ; whereunto is added, The present state of the Ottoman empire, by Sir Paul Rycaut ...

The LIFE of MAHOMET, The First of that NAME, Fifth King of the Turks, And RESTORER of their sore shaken Kingdom.

* 1.1HOw wonderfully the Turkish Kingdom was by the Violence of Tamerlane shaken, and the Majesty thereof de∣faced, it well appeareth, in that the Histories of that time, as well those of the Greeks, as of the Turks, in nothing more differ, than in the Successors of Bajazet, their late unfortunate King. Some writing, that he had two Sons, Orchanes (otherwise called Calepinus) and Mahomet; and that Calepinus in the second year of his Reign was slain, and his Kingdom possessed by Mahomet his Brother. Others reporting, that Baja∣zet had two Sons, namely, Calepinus and Mustapha; and that Calepinus succeeding his Father in the Turkish Kingdom, when he had reigned six years, died, leaving behind him two Sons Orchanes and Mahomet; and that Orchanes being young, was slain by his Uncle; whom Mahomet in revenge of his Brothers death, afterwards slew, and possessed the Kingdom himself. Others reckon up seven Sons of Bajazet; Iosua, Musulmanes, Moses, Cale∣pinus, Iosua the younger, Mustapha and Halis; with an uncertain Succession amongst them also. This diversity of Opinions, full of no less uncertainty; as I mean not to follow in report of this History, so will I not spend any time in refuting the same, (although much might be said in the matter) but leave these Reports, together with the History following, to such credit as they shall hap to find with the considerate Readers.

The Greek Historiographers (best like to know the Turkish Succession, as well by reason of their nearness, as in that they were by them as their bad Neighbours, so much troubled) make no men∣tion at all either of Calepinus or of Orchanes: In like manner, Historiae Musulmanae Turcorum, dili∣gently gathered out of the Turks own Histories by Io. Leunclavius (a learned Physitian, and him∣self a great Traveller amongst them, and there∣fore deserving the more credit) do not so much as name the Succession of Calepinus or Orchanes, after the Captivity of Bajazet, but rejecteth them both as Counterfeits. But in my opinion (without prejudice to any, that upon better reason may deem otherwise) the great confusion of the Tur∣kish Kingdom, in short time wrought by the migh∣ty Tamerlane and his Tartars, with the civil Discord and War afterwards arising among the Sons of Bajazet, striving all as it were at once, for the rest∣less room of Soveraignty, which suffereth no Part∣ners; and every one of them, according to his hap or power, laying hand upon some one part or other thereof, and bearing himself therein for a time as King, in Countries so far distant; never leaving, until they had like the Earth-born Bre∣thren, wrought one anothers destruction; might give just occasion of such diversity of Reports as is before spoken of, concerning the Succession of that time, in that troubled and rent Kingdom; some reckoning one, some another; and some, such as never were, to have succeeded in the Go∣vernment, and so untruly augmenting the number of the Turkish Kings. Wherefore leaving Calepinus and Orchanes unto them that first found them, with that little, which without any good ground and less probability is written of their supposed Reign; I (following the authority of the Turkish History) reckon this Mahomet one of the youngest Sons of Bajazet (of whom we are now to intreat) Fifth King of the Turks; who after great and danger∣ous Wars as well against his own Brethren, as his foreign Enemies; was at length solely invested in the Turkish Kingdom, about ten years after the Captivity of his Father Bajazet, as shall hereafter be declared.

Bajazet after the manner of the Turkish Kings,* 1.2 having laid up the hope of his Posterity in the common Treasure-house of Nature, rather than in the body of one lawful Wife, had by divers Wives and Concubins seven Sons, Erthogrul, otherwise cal∣led Orthobules, Emer-Solyman, Mustapha-Zelebi, (that is to say, the Noble) Isa-Zelebi, Musa-Zelebi, Sultan Mahomet, and Casan-Zelebi. Of whom Erthogrul the eldest was lost in the Wars against Casi Burchani∣den, as is before said in the life of Bajazet. Mustapha was slain in the great battel against Tamerlane, and there buried in the Bed of Fame. Cusan the young∣est was a Child in Bajazet his Court, when his Father was taken, and afterwards with his Sister Fatime delivered as Hostages, by their Brother Solyman, unto Emanuel the Emperor of Constanti∣nople, where they both happily became Christians, and so shortly after died.

Solyman was by Alis Bassa President of Bajazet his Council, and other great Captains, conveyed out of the battel against Tamerlane, into Europe, and so by them at Hadrianople saluted Sultan. Mahomet fled out of the same battel to Amasia in Capadocia, where he was in his Fathers time Governor. Isa hearing of his Fathers Captivity, after the departing of Tamerlane with his Tartars, seised upon Prusa a City of Bithynia, the ancient Seat of the Turkish Kings, with the Country ad∣joyning, and there reigned as King. Musa-Zelebi was taken Prisoner with Bajazet his Father, and afterwards set at liberty by Tamerlane. But of their Fortunes more shall be said in this History following.

Mahom••t was but fifteen years old when his Father Bajazet in the unfortunate battel of Mount Stella was taken Prisoner,* 1.3 and was at the same time by his appointment Governor of Amasia, with a great part of Capadocia adjo••ning; which places became so troublesome after the great Victory of Tamerlane; that the Turks in that Country were glad day and night for the safe∣guard of thems••lves, their Wives, and Children, to keep continual Watch and Ward; insomuch that many of them wearied with those Troubles, and despairing of better Times, went into volun∣tary Exile, because they would not see so great Miseries; which thing much griev'd young Ma∣homet. Wherefore calling unto him his most faithful Counsellors, to consult what course to take i••: the midst of so many dangers, it was by general consent thought best (for so much as they could not without apparent danger con∣tinue near unto Tamerlanes Forces) to get them∣selves further off into places of more strength, and from thence to expect the departure of their Enemies, and in the mean time to content them∣selves with such advantages as occasion and chance of War might minister; cutting them short by policy, whom they were not able to meet in the plain Field, and so by little and little to weaken or weary their mighty stragling Ene∣mies. For albeit that Tamerlane himself was not near him, as then lying in Caria; yet did the Captains of his great and victorious Army, at their pleasure spoil and forrage the Countries far and near all over the lesser Asia. Upon this Re∣solution he with all his Forces departed from Amasia, to Derby in Pap••lagonia; where by the way he incountred with Cara Iahia a nigh Kins∣man to the Prince Isfendiar of Castamona, his Enemy; whom he put to flight with great slaughter of his Men. This was the beginning of Mahomets good Fortune. From thence he went to Kereden,* 1.4 and there staying certain days, sent a Spy into Tamerlanes Camp, to see how all things went there; and afterwards entred again into Council with his Captains, concerning his further proceedings. In which Consultation some were of opinion, That it was best for him to with∣draw himself into the Mountains of the lesser Asia, as a place of good safety, until the depar∣ture of Tamerlane, which was shortly hoped for; for that it was not to be thought, that Tamerlane would with his huge Army pursue him in that Mountain-Country, flying from Hill to Hill, and as it were from strength to strength. Others better advised, thought these Mountains to be no places to trust unto, and therefore that it were more honourable, and as free from danger, for him to return again to Amasia, there to live amongst his Subjects, protecting them in such sort as he might, and not to leave them for a Prey to every stragling Company of the rude Tartarians; which counsel he followed, as most reasonable; and being ready to set forward, the Spy before by him sent into Tamerlanes Camp, returned, certifying him that he had seen his Fa∣ther Bajazet in good health in the Tartars Camp, but could not by any means speak with him, by reason of the straight Guard set over him; and that all that part of Asia was by Tamerlane possessed, who then with his Army wintred in Caria and L••sia; whereupon Mahomet returned back again into Amasia; where he had not long stayed, but that News was brought unto him, That one of the Tartarian Princes called Cara Duletschach (that is to say, the fortunate black King) was with an Army of twenty thousand coming to spoil his Country, being given him by Tamerlane. With which News he was ex∣ceedingly troubled; wherefore with all speed calling together his Forces for the safeguard of his Country, sent before a Spy to discover the Enemies doings. This diligent Spy returning in all hast, told Mahomet, That Cara Dulet lay at the Town of Aegiolus in Galatia, in great secu∣rity, having about him but a small Power; for that he fearing no danger, had at that time dis∣persed his Army, to seek after Pillage abroad in the Country. Mahomet taking hold of this opportunity, marched thither with great celerity, and suddenly setting upon Cara Dulet, over∣came him. In which Conflict Cara Dulet him∣self was shot through the Head with an Arrow and slain, and his Army utterly discomfited.* 1.5 Mahomet returning back to Amasia with Victory, refreshed and rewarded his Souldiers, yet no less careful for the safety of his Kingdom than before.

Shortly after, he was advertised that Cubad Ogli with a great Army laid hard Siege to the City of Caesaria in Capadocia, and was like in short time to take it, if it were not speedily relieved. By taking of which City, that Tartar Prince was like to make a great Entrance, to the hazarding of the whole Country. Wherefore Mahomet having his Army always in readiness, marched day and night with such speed to Caesaria, as that he was upon Cubad Ogli before he was aware of his coming, and there slew most of his Souldiers, and put him with the rest to flight. After that, he returned into Cubad Ogli his Coun∣try in Pontus, and grievously spoiled and de∣stroyed the same; at which time he also by force won the strong Castle Peltae in the Confines of Phrygia.

Immediately after that, Inael Ogli another of Tamerlanes Captains (which at their pleasure without let forraged all the Countries of the lesser Asia, during the time that Tamerlane made his abode within the Turks Dominions) upon the sudden entred into Capadoci•• with an Army of twenty thousand fighting men, killing the Inha∣bitants, and spoiling the Country before him; so that the people for fear left their dwellings, and fled into the Woods and Mountains to hide themselves from his fury. Whereof Mahomet hearing, was therewith exceedingly grieved, and wrote unto him as followeth:

Sultan Mahomet, unto the Prince Inall Ogli.

WHereas without any just or Lawful Cause,* 2.1 or any War proclaimed, you have invaded Our Kingdom, and cease not cruelly to kill Our Subjects, by God committed to Our Protection; and to spoil their Wealth and Labours, to the great disturbance of the Mahometan Commonweal; and make no end of your malice and cruelty; you do therein quite digress from the Manners and Laws of the true Mahometans, or right Believers. For if thou wouldst not only be ac∣counted, but indeed be a true Musul-man, thou shouldst forthwith depart out of my Kingdom with thine Army; thou shouldst not thus shed the innocent blood, or without cause thus wrong my people; but foras∣much as thou knowest not what beseemeth thee, nei∣ther wilt listen unto good Counsel, but wilfully proceed in thy wicked purpose, falsly perswading thy self, this my Kingdom to be destitute of a lawful Inheritor, and therefore dost so great Wrong and Injury unto the Defenders of the true Mahometan Religion; I would thou shouldst know, that I with my so often Victo∣rious Army will shortly by the Power of God come against thee, and in plain Field, according to thy de∣serts, chastise thee. Therefore whilst thou yet maist, reclaim thy Self, and proceed not too far in thine

obstinacy; too late Repentance did never man yet good. Thus much We thought good to advise thee, that thou shouldst not be ignorant of Our purpose, but mightest so better consider and dispose both of thy self and thine affairs. In the year after the departure of the great Prophet Mahomet 806.

Unto which Letters Inall Ogli returned this Answer in writing:

Prince Inall Ogli, to Mahomet.

* 3.1WHy dost thou Mahomet with such Letters provoke me? why dost thou so uncivilly taunt me, being thy self but a Boy, and in truth a very Child? It beseemeth thee not to have entred into these Countries, or to lay hands thereon, wrongfully gracing thy self with the Title of a Sultan. Neither is there any cause why thou shouldst complain, that I should lie in wait or seek after thy Life, thy Kingdom, or any thing that thine is. I challenge unto my self this Kingdom, but none of thine; out of which it is reason for thee, as a wrongful intruder of thy self, to depart; whom otherwise I will forthwith thrust out, and joyn the same unto the rest of my Territories. Wherefore except thou without delay get thee packing, and cease to oppose thy self against my designs, I denounce unto thee all the Calamities of War, and wish thee with speed to prepare thy self to battel, for that I mean shortly to meet with thee. This year of our great Prophet, 806.

* 3.2Shortly after, Mahomet according to his pro∣mise meeting with this Tartar Prince▪ by plain force overthrew him, and had of him a notable Victory.

The like good hap he had also not long after, against Coster Ogli and Kiupeck Ogli, two other Tartarian Captains, at the Castle of Chara-chizar and the Plain of Artuck-Ova. And hearing that one Mesites a Turk, had fortified himself in the Ruins of Sebastia, and from thence spoiled the Country round about, he sent Bajazet one of his Bassaes against him; who in short time took him, and brought him bound unto him; by whom he was adjudged to die. But seeing in the man an invincible courage, and contempt of death at such time as he should have been executed, moved therewith, he gave him his pardon; for which he ever after continued unto him faithful, and did him great Service.

Mahomet having many times thus vanquished the stragling Tartarian Princes, which had sought the spoil of his Country, became thereby famous amongst the great Commanders of Tamerlane his Army; insomuch that the bruit of his name came at length to Tamerlanes Ear, yet lying in the lesser Asia; who as he thought it not worth his Greatness and Labour, himself in Person to go against so great an Enemy; so he thought it not good or convenient quite to neglect him, but by some other means (if he could) to over∣take him. For which purpose he began to speak many times very honourably of him, highly commending his great valour and forwardness in so tender years. And calling for Bajazet; told him what great commendation he had heard of his Son Mahomet, and that he was therefore very desirous to see him; where if he found that true which was reported of his great Ver∣tues, he would bestow one of his Daughters upon him in Marriage, with many other great Prefer∣ments; and therefore willed Bajazet to write unto him, Not to doubt to come unto him, to the great good both of himself and his Father. Which thing Bajazet at the first doubting the worst, requested Tamerlane not to believe that of his Son, being yet very young, and not wor∣thy of so great a Favour. Nevertheless partly perswaded by Tamerlane his Protestations, and importuned by him that might now command him; he with an evil will wrote to his Son Mahomet to such effect as Tamerlane required. With which Letters, and others of like purport from himself, with many rich Presents, Tamer∣lane sent Hozza Mahomet (one of his secret Coun∣sellors) Embassador to Mahomet, of whom he was right honourably received, and likewise enter∣tained. But having read the aforesaid Letters, and thereby understood the cause of his coming, he entred into Council with the great Bassaes about him, whether he were best to go to Tamer∣lane or not. Where his Counsellors were all clear of one Opinion, that it was not good for him to adventure his Person to the danger of such a Journey, or the mercy of so mighty an Enemy, of whose Faith he had no assurance. And if so be (said they) he therewith offended, will by force seek to have you, we at his coming will take the refuge of the Woods and Moun∣tains, and there shroud our selves until he be departed again; for that he with his huge Army cannot here long stay in this bare Country, for want of Necessaries. Nevertheless Mahomet hoping that his Journey might be both for the good of his Father, and his own Advancement; con∣trary to the mind of all his Counsellors, resol∣ved to go; and so having prepared all things needfull for the honour and safety of his Journey, set forward. But as he was upon the way in the Marches of Pontus, Cara Iahia whom he had before overthrown, understanding of his coming that way, thinking now to be revenged, and having got unto some of the Prince Isfendiars Forces, set upon him by the way; but with as evil Success as before, most of his Men being there by Mahomet slain, and himself glad shame∣fully to fly. So travelling on further, he under∣stood that Alis Beg, a great Lord in those Coun∣tries, went about to intercept him also; which caused him in such hast to go on, that he was upon Alis before he was aware of his coming, or well provided for him; so that for fear he was glad to betake himself to flight. Mahomet considering the danger he had escaped in that Journey, and that the nearer he came to Tamer∣lane, the more like he was to fall into greater, although happily without Tamerlane his know∣ledge; by the advice of his grave and faithful Counsellors, resolved to go no further. Wherefore calling unto him Tamerlanes Embassador, he thus spake unto him:

You see the Dangers and Injuries I indure in this my Iourney, and my mind forbodeth greater to ensue;* 3.3 for which causes I may not go any further, but here return: Commend me therefore I pray you unto the most mighty Tamerlane, with my Father; and tell them what dangers have happened unto me upon the way; which considered, I hope they will have me excused. For which purpose I will also send in your company an Embassador of mine own.

Mahomet at that time had with him a grave, wise, and learned Man, called Sophis Bajazet, sometime his School-Master; whom he sent Em∣bassador to Tamerlane and his Father, to have him unto them both excused; and so departed he homewards, leaving the way he came (for fear of further danger) and they towards Tamerlane, who honourably received Mahomets Embassador and Letters. But taking pleasure in the man sent unto him, gave him honourable Entertainment, but would never after suffer him to return again unto his Master.

It was not long after, but that old Bajazet died of impatiency (as is aforesaid:) whose dead body Tamerlane left at Apropolis with the Prince Germean, to be delivered unto his Son Mahomet; with Musa his elder Brother (who all this while had been kept Prisoner with Tamerlane) if Ma∣homet should require them. And so the mighty Prince Tamerlane, after he had long time wasted Phrygia, Caria, Lydia, with the most part of the lesser Asia; and conquered all Syria, Iudea, Egypt, and Persia, with many other great Coun∣tries and Provinces; returned at last into his own Kingdom, unto the great City of Samercand, which he wonderfully inlarged, and beautified with the Spoils of a great part of the World, be∣fore by him wasted; where he afterwards in great Peace and Glory reigned, no less honoured than feared of all the Princes of the East. To the terror of whom, and for the assuring of his Estate,* 3.4 he kept always a standing Army of forty thousand Horse, and threescore thousand Foot ready at all assays; beside other his great Garri∣sons which he kept in Syria, Egypt, China, and Cam∣balu; as also against the Muscovite, and Turks; being commonly in every place threescore thou∣sand strong, though not still in field, but as oc∣casion required. Until that at length hearing of the rising again of the Turkish Kingdom, un∣der the Othoman Princes, the Sons of Bajazet, with whom the oppressed Mamelukes of Egypt, and the Greek Emperor (as doubtful of his estate) had now also for fear of him combined them∣selves; he by the perswasion of Axalla (then General of his Imperial Army) made great pre∣paration for a second Expedition to be made for the utter rooting out of the Othoman Family, and the Conquest of the Greek Empire. But having now all things in readiness, and also given a good beginning unto these his intended Con∣quests, (one of the great Turks Bassaes being by Axalla his Lieutenant in a great battel overthrown, and thirty thousand of the Turks slain) he in the midst of these his great hopes, as also of his greatest Power, died of an Ague the 27th day of Ianuary, in the year of our Lord, 1402. A little before whose death,* 3.5 appeared a great and terrible Blazing-Star, portending as it were to the World the death of so great a Prince. He was a man of a middle stature, somewhat nar∣row in the shoulders, otherwise well limmed, and of a great strength.* 3.6 In his eyes sate such a rare Majesty, as a man could hardly indure to behold them without closing of his own; and many in talking with him, and often beholding of him became dumb; which caused him often∣times with a comely modesty to abstain from looking too earnestly upon such as spake unto him, or discoursed with him. All the rest of his Visage was amiable and well proportioned; he had but little hair on his Chin; and ware the hair of his Head long and curled, contrary to the manner of the Tartars, who shave their Heads, having the same always covered; where∣as he contrariwise was for the most part bare headed, commanding his Son also to be so by his Tutors brought up; his hair was of a dark colour; somewhat drawing toward a Violet, right beautiful to behold; which his Mother coming of the Race of Sampson (as he gave it out) willed him to nourish, in token of his de∣scent; the cause that made him to be the more respected of his Men of War; most part of them believing that in those hairs was some rare ver∣tue, or rather some fatal destiny; an old practise of many great Commanders of former Ages, to fill the heads of their Souldiers with some strange Opinion conceived of them, to be the more of them honoured; as if in them had been some one thing or other more than in other men.

His great Empire by himself divided betwixt his Sons, was by their discord,* 3.7 and the ambition of some of their disloyal Subjects, in short time after brought to great confusion, and his Poste∣rity utterly rooted out by Usun-C••ssanes, the Ar∣menian Prince, as in the process of this History may appear. But to return again to our pur∣pose; Mahomet delivered of his greatest fear, by the departure of Tamerlane out of those Coun∣tries, determined to go to Prusa in Bithynia, where his Brother Isa as then reigned; but understand∣ing that Isa had before taken the Straits whereby he should pass the Mount Horminius, he took another way about, and came to Palaeo-Castron, where the valiant Captain Eine-beg Sub-bassa then remained; who with all honour and gladness re∣ceived him, and there for certain days refreshed both him and his Army. Afterwards greater Forces still repairing unto him, he marched thence to Ulabad, called in ancient time Lopa∣dium. Of whose coming Isa before understand∣ing, and having assembled his Army, marched thither also, and encamped on the other side of the Town towards Prusa, ready to give him bat∣tel. But Mahomet seeing his Brother so for∣ward, consulted with his Captains what were best to be done; where Eine Sub-bassa a man of great experience, and of late one of Bajazet his great Counsellors and Captains, told him, That it was not for their Honours, being Brethren, to pollute their hands one in the others blood; but to assay if the quarrel might by some other good means be composed, and they made Friends. For which purpose, Mahomet presently sent Let∣ters unto his Brother Isa, concerning the parti∣tion of their Fathers Kingdom in Asia betwixt them: offering unto him the Provinces of Aidi∣nia, Saruchania, Germeania, Charasia, Charamania, with other Countries to them belonging; so that he might have Prusa with all other Provinces about the same. Which Letters, when Isa had read, and saw that Mahomet offered him but Titles for Kingdoms, and such Countries as were rather sometimes Tributaries unto their Father Bajazet, than any part of his Kingdom, and now of late by Tamerlane again restored unto their ancient Li∣berty and Governors, sharing out the best and strongest part thereof unto himself, he brake forth into choler and said:

What, doth not my Fathers Kingdom of right belong unto me being the elder Brother?* 3.8 Mahomet is yet but a Youth, and scarce crept out of the shell; by what right then can he claim my Fathers Kingdom as his Inheritance? If he can by the Sword win it, let him take it, and so hold it.

Mahomet having received his Answer, prepared himself to the field, where his Brother as ready as himself, stood expecting his coming; and having set Army in order of battel, gave the first Charge; which was the beginning of a most cruel and bloody fight, wherein, as it commonly falleth out in doubtful Battels, many were on both sides slain. At last the fortune of Mahomet prevailing, Isa his Army began to retire; which he seeing, left nothing undone for the encou∣raging of his fainting Souldiers, which belonged to a politick General, or valiant Souldier to do; but pressing into the thickest of his Enemies, there with his own hand slew the ancient and valiant Captain Eine Sub-bassa, who had many times been General of the Footmen in old Ba∣jazet his Wars. But what prevaileth courage against evil fortune? Isa must ••ither fly or die. And therefore having done what he could in so

desperate a case, being himself on every side forsaken, in the end was glad himself to fly to the Sea-side; where finding a Ship ready bound for Constantinople, he passed over thither in safety, and there yielded himself unto the Protection of the Greek Emperor Emanuel. In this chase Mahomet his Souldiers took the valiant Captain Temurtases Prisoner, another of Bajazet his great Commanders, and brought him to Mahomet; who in revenge of the death of Eine, commanded his Head presently to be smitten off, and his Body to be hanged upon a Tree by the High-way side. Of this Victory, Mahomet certified his Brother Solyman at Hadrianople, and in token thereof sent him Temurtases his Head. This battel was much spoken of, both for that it was fought betwixt two Brethren; and also for the death of the two famous and old Captains Eine and Temurtases, who both together as loving Friends, had fortunately fought many great battels under Bajazet his Ensigns; and now as it were by destiny, and against their wills, without any pri∣vate grudge, were both drawn into contrary Factions and slain; both whilst they lived wishing a good Peace betwixt the ambitious Brethren. But as the Turks use to say, What is by God written in a mans forehead before his Birth, cannot in his life be avoided.

After this Victory, Mahomet thinking himself now in sure possession of all his Fathers Domi∣nions in Asia, led his Army to Prusa, where he was of the Citizens joyfully received as their Sultan; and for his great bounty, of all men highly commended and honoured. From thence he went to Nice, and so to Neapolis, and there in both places was likewise received. Thither resorted unto him all the Garrisons of Carasina, S••ruchania, and Aidinia, with other the Inhabitants of those Countries, with all Loyalty submitting themselves unto him, with such Honour and Re∣verence as belonged to their King.

All things thus sorting according to his desire in Asia, he sent to the Prince Germean for the Body of his Father Bajazet, and for his Brother Musa,* 3.9 which were there left by Tamerlane, as is before declared. This Body was by the same Prince at the request of Mahomet, with great Solemnity sent to Prusa, and there sumptuously buried, with all the Turki••h Obsequies and Cere∣monies; the Turkish Alcoran or Book of their Law, being read seven days upon his Tomb. All which time great chear was kept for all Commers, and much given to the Poor (upon the Turkish devotion) for Bajazet his Soul; but above all others, exceeding bounty was extended to the Posterity of their Prophet Mahomet, which are known from others amongst the Mahome∣tans, by the colour of their Apparel, which is all green, and not lawful to be worn of any but of them; so that they were by the bounty of Mahomet, at that time greatly enriched. He also endowed the Abbey which his Father had there lately built, with great Lands and Possessions for the maintenance thereof. All which things done, and the Solemnity past, he went in Progress to all parts of his Kingdom, and was in every place joyfully received; and so afterward returned to Amasia; and there in great pleasure spent that Summer. Where we will for a while leave him, to see what Solyman his eldest Brother in the mean time doth at Hadrianople.

Solyman the eldest Son of Bajazet (who kept his Court at Hadrianople, there peaceably Reign∣ing all this while over the Countries which his Father Bajazet sometime possessed in Europe) hearing what his Brother Mahomet had done, and how violently against all Right he had driven Isa out of Prusa, and made him glad to fly to Constantinople; was with this his outragious deal∣ing much offended, and thereupon calling unto him his Bassaes and faithful Counsellers, declared unto them the unnatural proceedings of Mahomet against his Brother Isa. Wherein (said he) he doth me also great wrong in taking upon him the Sove∣raignty over those great Dominions and Countries in Asia, which of right belong to me his elder Brother, and not to him the youngest of six. In revenge of which Injury and Wrong, I intend in mine own Right, to pass over into Asia with a strong Army, and by force of Arms to recover mine Inheritance there, if I may not otherwise come by it. Unto which Speech one of his grave Counsellors replied,* 3.10 That in his opinion it was not the best course for himself to go in Person into those Wars. For although (said he) your Brother Mahomet be but young, and ther••f••re by your greatness less accounted of, yet is his F••rtune great, and his experience above his years. None have yet had to do with him, but they have had enough of him; yea it is worth the noting, how politickly he hath born himself for his own safety, and the safe∣guard of the Countries which he governed all the while that the great and mighty Tamerlane with his innumerable Forces covered the face of the Coun∣tries fast by him; most part whereof, Mahomet hath now since his departure, again recovered. Wherefore it were best for you to send for your angry Brother Isa, to Constantinople, and to make him General of the Army you intend to send into Asia against Mahomet. In which Wars, it is not unlike, but that one of your Brethren will be lost, whereby you shall have one Competitor of your Kingdom the less. So shall you afterwards with less trouble subdue him that is left, or at leastwise please him with some part of that which they have so mightily striven for.* 3.11 This Counsel was of Solyman and all the rest well liked of, and approved. So was Isa presently sent for unto Constantinople, and a great Army levied. Who being come to Hadrianople, was by Solyman courteously welcomed, and made General of his Army; and therewith shipped over the Strait of Hellespontus into Asia. Where at his first coming, he possessed the whole Coun∣trey of Carasia or Lydia; and passing further, in all places where he came, was received of the people with great Reverence, they all promising him their Obedience, if it were his fortune to prevail against his younger Brother Mahomet; wherewith he held himself well contented. So coming to the City of Beg-Bazer, otherwise cal∣led Despotopolis, he there wintered with his Army. In which time, he with many kind and loving Letters still directed to Mahomet as his younger Brother, seemed to be glad that he was so well obeyed and liked of by his Subjects; and that presuming of his Love and Favour, he was as his loving Brother, and not as an Enemy come into Asia, to intreat with him of such matters as much concerned the good of them both. Whereunto Mahomet with like dissimulation answered, That he was right glad of his coming; for which he needed not (as he said) to make any excuse, for that he was entred into a Kingdom, in part his own, and the rest open before him; in token whereof he commanded a rich Garment to be cast upon the Messenger as a favour, sending also divers rich Presents unto his Brother, with great Provision of Victuals, and other necessaries for his Souldiers.

But Winter past, and the Spring come, Isa marched with his Army to Prusa, and there shewed unto the Citizens the loving Letters he had at sundry times before received from Maho∣met; and telling them that he was in good hope that they should in short time right well agree; re∣quested

to have the Castle deliverd unto him, sometime their Soveraign; whereinto the better sort of the Citizens had retired themselves, and made fast the Gates against him; but when he saw that he could by no fair words or policy gain the possession of the Castle, enraged with that repulse,* 3.12 he set fire upon that goodly City, and burnt it down to the ground. Mahomet not ignorant how his Brother Isa roamed up and down his Kingdom, using all kindness to such as yielded unto him; and exercising no less cruelty upon such as refused his Obedience; and how that he had rased the Royal City of Prusa; having gathered a strong Army, marched in ten days from Amasia to Prusa, and by the way meet∣ing with his Brother Isa, in a great battel over∣threw him with all his Forces. Isa himself ac∣companied with no more but ten persons, fled unto Castamona, Prince Isfendiar his City; who hearing of his arrival there, entertained him with all the Honor he could, in recompence of the great Friendship he had before found at his hands, at what time he was an humble Suiter in his Father Bajazet his Court.

Mahomet coming to Prusa, grieved exceedingly to see that fair City so destroyed; yet to com∣fort the poor Citizens, he gave exceeding Sums of Money to be bestowed amongst them, and took order for the new building of the City, and there continued certain days himself to see the Work begun.

Isa in the mean time having incited the Prince Isfendiar in his quarrel to invade his Brother Ma∣homet, and going thither himself in Person, was by him now the third time overthrown and put to flight. Nevertheless he with some small Forces twice afterwards entred into Mahomets Dominion, but finding few or none willing to follow his evil Fortune, was glad at last to fly to the Prince of Smyrna, by whom he was both honourably enter∣tained, and comforted.

This Prince of Smyrna moved with Isa his piti∣ful Complaints in so manifest a wrong, did not only promise him what help he could of himself, but also by his Embassadors solicited the Princes of Aidinia, Saruchania, and Mentesia, to give him Aid in so just a quarrel, for the relief of Isa, against his usurping Brother. These Prin∣ces pitying the case of the distressed Prince, and moved with the Request of the Prince of Smyrna, and fearing also the ambitious spirit of Mahomet; amongst them sent such Aid, that be∣ing all assembled together, Isa had now twenty thousand men in Arms. Mahomet understanding of this great Preparation made against him, and having raised a strong Army, thought it not best to expect his Brothers coming into his Country (where perhaps many might joyn themselves un∣to him, being so strong in the field) but entred the Prince of Smyrna his Country, with such speed, that he was upon him and the rest of his Ene∣mies before he was looked for; where after a great and bloody Fight he obtained of them a notable Victory. Isa having lost the battel, and therewith his hope also, fled into Caramania, and there in such obscurity ended his days, that no man can tell where nor how he died.* 3.13 This was the end of this noble Prince, always of greater courage than fortune. The Prince of Smyrna the chief Author of this War, humbling himself to Mahomet, obtained his Favour. The other Con∣federate Princes which gave Aid to Isa, were shortly after by Mahomet for most part spoiled of their Dominions. Which done, he returned with Victory to the building of Prusa, hoping now to live more at quiet.

But whilst Mahomet after this Victory dreading no danger, was in the midst of his Pleasures at Prusa, he was certainly advertised, That his Bro∣ther Solyman had raised a great Army in Europe, to invade him in Asia. Upon which advertise∣ment he furnished the Castle of Prusa with a strong Garrison, and all things needful for the induring of a long Siege, and placed Iacup-Beg the Son of Firoses, Captain therein; and after∣wards departed himself, because that City (lately before burnt by Isa) was not as yet to be de∣fended, much less to be accounted of as a place to retire unto if need should so require. From Prusa he came to Ancyra, and from thence direct∣ed Commissions for the taking up of Souldiers in all parts of his Kingdom. At which time he wrote Letters also to Doioran a Tartar Prince (whom he had many times greatly pleasured) for Aid; who presently came unto him with certain Troops of brave Horse, promising him his faithful Ser∣vice.

Not long after, hearing that his Brother Soly∣man was with a puissant Army now come over Hellespontus, he consulted with his best Leaders, what course first to take; being himself of opi∣nion, without delay to meet his Brother in the Field, deeming it great shame, not to offer him present battel. But he was by his more expert Captains advised, to consider that he was to fight against his eldest Brother, of whose good or bad Fortune he had as yet no experience; and that many secretly favoured his Quarrel and Claim, as the eldest Son and right Heir of his Father Bajazet; and therefore it were better for him to retire further off into the strength of his Kingdom; and so temporizing, to await all good opportunities that might chance, as it doth in nothing more than in Martial Affairs; rather than to commit all to the hazard of one battel, wherein if Fortune failed him, all were then ut∣terly lost. Upon which Resolution he retired from Ancyra towards Amasia. At which time Doioran the false Tartarian, marching out at the other side of the City, fell to robbing and spoiling of Mahomets Subjects as an Enemy, burning the Country-Villages as they went; which thing when Mahomet understood, he with his Horse∣men pursued him, and overtaking him before he was looked for, slew most part of his men, and recovered all the spoil which he had be∣fore taken; all which Maho••••t gave to his Soul∣diers: Doioran himself hardly escaping by flight. And so Mahomet having revenged himself upon his dissembling Friend, held on his way towards Amasia.

Solyman being come into Asia,* 3.14 led his Army towards Prusa; where the Citizens understand∣ing of his coming, went out of the City to meet him, and having done unto him such Ho∣nour and Reverence as belonged to their Sultan, brought him peaceably into the City. But Iacup-Beg stood upon his guard, and would by no means deliver unto him the Castle, which was before by Mahomet committed to his charge; for which cause Solyman laid hard siege unto it, and gave thereunto divers sharp Assaults, whereby the De∣fendants were greatly weakned, many of them being slain, and the rest for the most part wounded. Whereupon Iacup by Letters sent by one Eine Hozze, certified Mahomet how things stood, and that the Castle could not long be holden against the furious Assaults of Solyman, except it were with speed relieved; upon which News he in all hast made towards Prusa, return∣ing the same Messenger before him, with Letters to the Captain of the Castle, if happily he could find means to deliver the same; wherein he highly commended him for faithful Service▪

and promised him speedy relief. This Messen∣ger with his Letters chanced by Solyman his Souldiers to be intercepted, and brought to Alis Bassa, Solyman his chief Counsellor, a man of a sharp conceit, who of nothing could make some∣thing, but having any thing to work upon could do wonders; he having straitly examined the Messenger, and perused the Letters, suppressed the same, and presently writ others in the name of Mahomet, commending the Captain for that he had already done in his Service; but yet forasmuch as he could not possibly in time relieve him, he willed him therefore to deliver up the Castle, and to provide for the safeguard of him∣self and his Garrison, by such conditions as he could best obtain. These counterfeit Letters Alis Bassa found means to be as cunningly deli∣vered unto the Captain, as they were craftily indited; who having read the same, and now out of all hope of relief, expecting also every hour to be assaulted by the furious Enemy; upon reasonable conditions yielded the Castle to Solyman. The news whereof being brought unto Mahomet, now come within one days march of Prusa, exceedingly grieved him; but seeing no remedy, he returned back again to Amasia; whither Solyman (now possessed of the City and Castle of Prusa, and having thereby got a great Name in Asia) shortly after came with his Army, and hardly besieged his Brother in Amasia; but seeing no hope to win the City, he retired back again to Prusa, and there after his wonted manner spent his time in riot and excess, whereunto he was exceedingly given. Iacup-Beg for yielding of the Castle, was afterward by Mahomet straitly imprisoned, and in danger to have been put to death, had not the great Bassaes become earnest Intercessors for him.

Mahomet lying at Amasia, was by his secret Espials advertised, That his Brother Solyman having dispersed his Army, lay in great security at Prusa, guarded but with a small Power, pas∣sing his time in all voluptuous pleasure, his com∣mon Exercise. Whereupon he in all hast marched with his Army thitherwards, to have surprised him before he should be able to call together his dispersed Forces. But when he was come to the River Sangarius, he was discovered by Soly∣man Subbassa a great Captain, whom Sultan Soly∣man had sent for the taking up of men in that side of the Country. Who returning in all hast, gave Solyman knowledge of his Brothers coming; with which sudden news he was so dismayed, be∣ing now of small strength, that for the avoiding of the imminent danger, he would presently have fled into Europe, had not Alis Bassa other∣wise perswaded him; telling him, That if he should so cowardly fly away, it would not only blemish and defame his Honour, but discourage his Friends also in Asia, and incourage his Ene∣mies to pursue him perhaps unto the Gates of Hadrianople; and that therefore it were better with such Forces as he had to take the Straits of Neapolis, and so to stay his Brothers further passage into that Country, until such time as he might assemble the rest of his Army. Ac∣cording to which good Counsel he first took the beforenamed Straits and Passages, whereby Mahomet was of necessity to pass, and there strong∣ly fortified himself. Mahomet coming thither, with great force entred those Straits, but was still valiantly by Solyman repulsed. The like attempt he many times valiantly gave, for that he knew himself to be at that time too strong for his Brother; but Solyman having the advantage of the place, with little danger or loss frustrated those his Brothers brave Attempts, although he were then a great deal the weaker. Alis Bassa, whose wily head, fraught with long experience, could (with nothing) effect great matters, in the mean time was not idle, but (making Solyman before acquainted with his doings) sent a secret Messenger (one of his own trusty Servants) to Mahomet with Letters; certifying him, That most of his Nobility and great Captains had secretly conspired to betray him into the hands of his elder Brother Solyman, as the undoubted Heir of his Father Bajazet; and so with the price of his Head, to make their own Peace and Atone∣ment with him; and that for the performance thereof they had bound themselves first unto Solyman, and afterwards one to another, by solemn Oath. Which Treason he discovered unto him, with great protestation of his love and good will, as he that had a long time eaten Bread and Salt (as the Turks use to say) in his Fathers Court, and therefore could not but wish well unto him, being one of his Lord and Masters Sons. These Letters something troubled Mahomet, breeding in his head many a jealous conceit; for all that, he ceased not for six or seven days space, to give many a hot Skirmish for the gaining of those strait passages, but all in vain. In which time it chanced, one of his Servants near about his Person, to fly unto the Enemy; which caused him the more to suspect all that to be true, where∣of Alis Bassa had forewarned him. Which con∣sidered, and that by lying there he prevailed no∣thing, but lost and wearied his Men, (for it was all that while exceeding foul Weather) and withall doubting to be betrayed, returned as he came, to Amasia. And Solyman glad also of his departure, retired to Prusa, giving order into all parts of his Kingdom, for the assembling of a great Army; but understanding that the King of Caramania had made a League with his Brother Mahomet, and that they were agreed to joyn their Forces against him, for the driving of him out of Asia, he forth∣with drew all his Forces to Ancyra, as a place of more safety.

Whilst Solyman thus lay at Ancyra, it fortuned that Musa (which had all this while remained with his Brother Mahomet, since he was set at Liberty by Tamerlane, though not altogether well pleased with his own estate) one day by way of talk, thus spake unto his Brother; You see (said he) how our elder Brother Solyman ceaseth not to vex and molest us daily, and is not unlike in the end to prevail against us, to our utter destruction: Now if it might please you to give me leave, I would go to Isfendiar Prince of Castamona and Pontus, our Brothers Enemy, and of him procure shipping to pass over the Euxine Sea into Europe; where I doubt not to find opportunity to make some great Innovation in that Kingdom, now in my Brothers absence; by rea∣son whereof Solyman shall of necessity be driven to leave Asia, to be again by you solely possessed; or else be brought in danger there to lose his Kingdom in Europe. Which if it shall be my good hap to gain out of his hands by your supportation, I promise you faithfully to hold the same of you as of my Lord and Soveraign. This greatly pleased Mahomet, and thereupon not long after they concluded betwixt themselves, one to stand fast unto another, and the one to help the other in what they could, during life; confirming the same with great So∣lemnity of their Turkish Faith given and taken. Whereupon Mahomet furnished his Brother Musa with great Sums of Money and other needful things for the taking in hand of so great an Enter∣prise.

Musa thus furnished, taking his leave of his Brother, set forwards towards the Prince Isfen∣diar; who hearing of his coming, met him on

the way, and entertained him as a great Prince. But after that Musa had made him acquainted with his purpose for passing into Europe, and had obtained grant of his help therein, he took his leave of him for a time, and went to visit the King of Caramania; who also most honourably entertained him, and the rather in despight of Solyman. But whilst Musa was thus passing the time in Caramania, it fortuned that Mark (of some called Merxes) Prince of Valachia, having his Country much spoiled by Solyman his Garri∣sons; and hearing that Musa one of Bajazet his Sons was with the Prince Isfendiar, he writ unto him, promising to bestow his Daughter and Heir in marriage upon Musa, if he would come over into Europe, and revenge the wrong done unto him by Solyman. Whereof Musa advertised by the Prince Isfendiar, gladly returned out of Cara∣mania, and was by him transported over the Euxine or Black Sea, into Europe; where the Prince of Valachia glad of his coming, received him with great Honour,* 3.15 and according to his promise gave him his Daughter in marriage.

The fame of Musa his coming into Europe and of his Marriage, was in short time bruted through all Solyman his Kingdom in Europe, and wrought such effect in the minds of the mutable vulgar people (always desirous of Novelty) that they all as it were with one consent submitted them∣selves unto him, as unto their Lord and Sove∣raign; in so much that coming to the Royal City of Hadrianople,* 3.16 in the absence of his Bro∣ther Solyman he was there received as their King.

Solyman now lying at Ancyra in Asia, under∣standing of these proceedings of Musa in Europe, and that he was possessed of a great part of his Kingdom there, was therewith exceedingly troubled. Wherefore leaving his Deputy in An∣cyra, he with all his Army came to the Strait of Bosphorus, and there of Emanuel the Greek Emperor obtained passage, promising for the same to restore unto him certain places before taken from him in Asia; for Musa had so provided, that he could have no help of the Turkish shipping, which was by his Commandment all before brought over unto Europe side. Musa hearing of Solyman his arrival in Europe, made towards him with a great Power; but after that both their Armies were come the one within view of the other, and now ready to joyn battel, many of Musa his Captains forsook him, and fled to Solyman the elder Brother, and their undoubted King; which Musa beholding, was glad to fly, and to take the safeguard of the Woods and Mountains for his Re∣fuge. After which Victory, Solyman returning to Hadrianople, took again possession of his Kingdom, and there without measure gave himself to riot and excess, according to his wonted manner.

After the departure of Solyman out of Asia Iacup-Beg (but lately before again received into Mahomet his Favour, and now left as Solyman his Deputy) delivered Ancyra, with the Castle of Prusa, and all the rest that Solyman had gained in Asia, to Mahomet; who shortly after led his Army through the Countries of Carasia, Aydinia, Saru∣cania, Tekensis, and Germeania, reducing them once again unto his Obeysance; and afterwards returned to Prusa, where he now the second time took possession of his Fathers Kingdom in Asia.

* 3.17Musa still aided by the Valachian Prince his Father in law, gave many great Attempts against his Brother Solyman, but was still put to the worse. At length having gathered some good strength, and diligently attending the least smile of be••ter Fortune, drew near unto the place where Soly∣man lay; who at that time was (as his manner was) banquetting with great pleasure in his Camp, and full of Wine. Insomuch that when News was brought unto him, that his Brother Musa was at hand with a great Power, he in his Drunkenness caused the Messenger that brought the News, to be beaten; and when he had with greater earnestness than was to his liking, affirmed that his Report to be true, he commanded him to be slain for troubling his Mirth. But shortly after, Musa was come so near, that the Vantcourriers of his Army did Skirmish with some of Solyman his Souldiers; when as Chasis Eurenoses one of his Fathers old Captains, pressing in, told him that Musa was at hand, and had skirmished with part of his Army. Whereof Solyman (now far in Wine) had no re∣gard, but said, Good Tutor do not trouble me no more; my Brother Musa dares not come so nigh me; if I do but hold up my Cap, he is gone. With which answer the old Captain going out discontended, sent in Chasan, Aga of the Ianizaries; who boldly coming unto him, told him plainly of the im∣minent danger, and sharply reproved him for his Intemperance and Security. With whose free Speech Solyman moved, in great rage command∣ed his Beard to be cut off, then no small dis∣grace amongst the Turks. Chasan presently coming forth thus disgraced, said to them that stood waiting without, This is the Honour wherewith Sul∣tan Solyman in his Excess rewards his most faithful Servants. Wherefore be it known to you all, I will from henceforth (and not without cause) serve Musa, a Prince of greater Temperance and Discretion; who so will follow me, come and welcome. So mounting to Horse, and accompanied with a number of his Janizaries (of whom he was greatly beloved) went over to Musa; as did many other great Captains also with their Companies, moved by his Example so to do. But when Solyman under∣stood that Chasan with most part of the Janiza∣ries, and many other worthy Captains, with the greatest strength of his Army, were revolted to Musa, then fast by, and ready to set upon him; it then repented him too late of his dissolute folly; and finding no other remedy now to escape, hid himself until it was dark night; then taking Horse, accompanied only with Caratze-Beg and Cara Muchil, two of his Noblemen,* 3.18 and one Country Turk whom they had retained for their Guid, thought to have fled to Constantinople. This malicious Clown having of purpose led them by unknown ways all that night to and fro, as it were in a maze, (oftentimes misnaming unto them the places they passed by, as if they had been in the right way) brought them in the morning to a Village not far from the place from whence they departed the evening before; and there riding a little before them of purpose, gave warning to a sturdy Peasant or two of his Acquaintance, that Solyman was coming after; willing them to make stay of him. These rude Country Churls, with some others of like breed, running out with Bats and Staves, and such other homely Tools as first came to hand, slew Caratze and Cara Muchil, which would not yield unto them, but stood upon their Guard, and took Solyman alive; where, as it commonly falleth out in the vulgar peoples fury, some cried out to kill him, and so to end t•••• Wars; some likewise to burn him; and some to hang him; and some few to save him; every one as his rude affection led him. In the heat of this Country uproar came Musa; who glad to find his Brother Soly∣man so hardly beset,* 3.19 caused him presently to be there strangled, when he had reigned in Hadria∣nople six years and ten months.

This was the miserable end of Solyman, the eldest Son that Bajazet left alive.* 3.20 A man much given to Excess, otherwise indued with many great Vertues, being both of great valour, and exceeding bountiful. In his time lived the learned Doctor Achmetes, which wrote the History of Alexander the Great in Turkish Verse, and pub∣lished it in the name of Solyman himself; for which he was by him bounteously rewarded. The dead body of Solyman himself, was by the com∣mandment of Musa conveyed to Prusa, and there lieth buried fast by the body of his Grandfather Amurath. So now of these C••dmeian Brethren remained none but Mahomet and Musa, the one reigning in Asia, and the other in Europe, divers parts of the World, and well bounded with the surest bounds of Nature; yet not sufficient to content or contain their ambitious minds, until that the younger had most unnaturally devoured the elder.

Musa presently after the death of his Brother Solyman, took upon him the Turkish Kingdom in Europe; who in the beginning of his Reign dis∣placed most of them which had born great Of∣fices before in the time of his Brother Solyman, and had now of late revolted to him; fearing to be by them betrayed or forsaken, as his Bro∣ther was; and in their rooms placed other his own Creatures▪ And not so content, proceeded further, upon small causes most unkindly to im∣prison and put to death many of them who had of him well deserved. Which cruel dealing so alienated the minds of his Nobility, that many of them kept themselves out of the way, doubt∣fully expecting the event of such his Tyrannical Government: Chasis Euren••ses that old and re∣nowned Captain, to escape his hands, was glad to feign himself blind, so to absent himself from Court. At this time he also by his Embassadors demanded of divers Christian Princes his Neigh∣bours, such Tribute as they had in times past ei∣ther payed or promised to pay unto his Father Bajazet; and in that Quarrel invaded many of them, namely the Princes of Servia and Bul∣garia. Amongst other he sent Ibrahim Bassa (a learned man of great experience, and sometimes one of his Fathers grave Counsellors) unto Ema∣nuel Palaeologus the Emperor of Constantinople, to demand the like Tribute of him. Who so soon as he was come to Constantinople, from thence by Letters advertised Mahomet of the undiscreet Government of his Brother Musa in his new gotten Kingdom; and what untimely stirs he began to make before he was therein well setled, losing the love both of his Subjects and Neigh∣bour Princes; with much other matter concern∣ing his misgovernment. Which things when Ma∣homet understood, he sent a Messenger with Let∣ters back again to Constantinople, requesting the Bassa to come over unto him into Asia, and in token of his great Favour sent him divers rich Garments, with many great and princely Pro∣mises; wherewith the Bassa moved, and detest∣ing the cruel Government of Musa, went over unto him to Prusa, and there was of him honour∣ably entertained, and sworn one of his Privy-Council; in which Place of Honour he long time afterwards served him faithfully; and after him, his Son Amurath also.

Mahomet thinking, upon the advantage of his Brothers evil Government, to find means to thrust him out of his Kingdom, and so to draw the whole Government of the Turkish Empire unto himself, as well in Europe as in Asia; as∣sembled an Army of fifteen thousand choice Souldiers to invade his Brother in Europe, before he were there well established in his Kingdom. And so shocking down towards the Straits of Bosphorus, by his Embassador concluded a League with Emanuel the Greek Emperor, That one of them should never wrong or damnifie the other; and that if Mahomet should hap to obtain the Turkish Kingdom in Europe, he should always Honour and Reverence the Emperor as his spe∣cial good Friend; but if it should chance him to be distressed or overthrown by his Brother Musa, that then the Emperor should presently transport him and his Army back again into Asia. This League was with great Solemnity of words on both parts confirmed. And shortly after, Maho∣met with all his Army was by the Emperors ship∣ping at the Strait of Bosphorus near unto Consta••∣tinople, transported over into Europe; for Musa possessed of Callipolis, had stopped all the other passages.

Musa having before knowledge of his Brothers coming,* 3.21 was forthwith in readiness to meet him with a strong Army. So that Mahomet had not marched far from the Sea-side, but that the Vantcourriers of his Army met with his Bro∣thers, at a place called Imzuge, and there began a light Skirmish; wherein Musa his Forerunners were by Mahomets put to flight, and chased unto Musa his Camp. Whereof such a sudden fear arose in the Army, that they were almost ready to fly, thinking Mahomet had been upon them with all his Power; but understanding the truth of the matter, both Armies rested that night, which as then drew fast on. The next day these two Brethren, armed with equal hope, brought their Armies into the Field, and gave the signal of the battel, whereupon began a mortal and bloody Fight; in the Fury whereof Michael Ogli Bassa of Romania, and certain other of Musa's great Captains, upon secret discontentment re∣volted to Mahomet; wherewith many of Musa his Souldiers discouraged, fled. Which Mahomet his Souldiers seeing, pursued the chase with such earnestness and fury, that few were left with himself; yet with such as were left, in hope of good hap, he set upon his Brother; who al∣though he was half discomfited with the ••••ight of the greater part of his Army, whom the Ene∣mies had yet in chace, yet stood he fast himself with 7000 Janizaries, his best Souldiers; so taking the unexpected good hap, presented unto him by his Brothers forwardness, valiantly received his Charge. But Mahomet finding there a greater strength than he had before supposed, and him∣self too weak to withstand the fury of the Jani∣zaries, because most of his men also were fol∣lowing the Chace, was now for safeguard of his life glad to fly himself to Constantinople; whither he came accompanied scarcely with two hun∣dred men; and was from thence, according to the agreement before made betwixt him and the Emperor, speedily shipped over into ••sia. Musa having thus put his Brother to flight, with great slaughter of his men, presently took his Tents with all that was therein, and there encamped himself. They of Mahomets Army, which fol∣lowed the Chace of such as had fled in the begin∣ning of the battel, not knowing what had hap∣pened to Mahomet, returning to the Camp, doubt∣ing no peril, and finding it at their return posses∣sed by their Enemies, stood as men amazed, and utterly discouraged; at which time Musa would not suffer his Souldiers to put them to the Sword, as they would fain have done, but commanded them to be dispoiled of their Arms and such other things as they had, and so with life suffered them to depart.

After this Overthrow, whilst Mahomet lay still at Prusa, the Prince of Smyrna forcibly entred into

Aidinia, purposing to pass through into Sarucania; which thing Mahomet hearing, gathered a great Army, and entring into the Princes Country, made such spoil as he went, and so distressed the Prince himself, that he was glad to submit himself unto him; and from thenceforth to hold his Dominion of him, as of his Lord and Soveraign, and so returned unto Amasia.

Mahomet could not well digest the loss he had so lately received in Europe, and therefore levied an Army of choice Souldiers out of all parts of his Kingdom, once again to try his fortune against his elder Brother Musa. For the bet∣ter Success wherein, he by his Letters craved Aid of the Prince Dulgader Ogli, written to this effect:

Sultan Mahomet unto the Prince Dulgader Ogli, his Father in Law.

* 4.1MY purpose is to lead mine Army into Romania in Europe, and there again to try my quarrel with my Brother Musa. My hope is, that you will not with your Aid be wanting unto me your Son in law, in my so great Affairs, neither for want of good will to hinder this my purpose. Fare you well. In the year of our great Prophet Mahomet, 814. From Amasia.

Whereunto the Prince returned this kind An∣swer:

Prince Dulgader Ogli unto the great Sultan Mahomet.

* 5.1I Doubt not most mighty Monarch, but that whither∣soever your desires shall draw you for the under∣taking of any great Exploit, he that ruleth above in Heaven, will be always your Aid, prosper your At∣tempts, minister unto you fit Occasions, and bring all your Actions unto a most happy end, with most assured Victory. Wherefore seeing (God so diposing our Affairs) I cannot my self in Person come unto you with my Power, and give you my trusty help in this your intend∣ed War; yet will I in no case fail with all speed to send my Son your Servant, to Aid you with our Forces, in this War. Fare you well. This same Year of our Prophet, 814.

And so shortly after, the Prince sent unto him his Son, according to his Promise, with a Com∣pany of brave Souldiers, excellently furnished; for the welcoming of whom, Mahomet his Bro∣ther in law made a great and royal Feast; and there in his mirth gave unto the young Prince the rich Apparel he wore himself, with the Horse he rode upon, and all the rich Plate of Gold and Silver wherein they were served at that Feast, a matter of great value. And to every one of his Noblemen he gave a rich Garment, made for that purpose, with some other Gift, as a Favour; and afterwards gave them all to un∣derstand, That he intended forthwith to pass over into Europe, and there to recover all his Fathers Kingdom, or else there to end his days; as for the spoil and prey (said he) it shall be theirs that can win it; one Horse, one Sword, one Horsemans Mace shall content my self. So having furnished his Army with all things need∣ful for so great an Enterprise, he set forward and came to the Strait of Bosphorus; and from thence gave knowledge of his coming to the Emperor of Constantinople; who glad thereof (for the dis∣pleasure he bare to Musa) transported him and all his Army over that Strait into Europe, and there in one of his Country-Palaces royally fea••ted him. At which time Mahomet requested the Em∣peror to joyn with him in that War against their common Enemy; but he excused himself by rea∣son of his great age; yet nevertheless, assisted him with certain Companies of valiant Christians, whose Service afterward stood the Turk in great stead.

So Mahomet taking his leave of the Emperor, marched with his Army to the River Wyzen in Thracia, where by the way he received Letters from the ancient Captain Chasis Eurenoses, ad∣vising him to be very circumspect in his march∣ing, and not to make too much hast to joyn battel with his Brother; counselling him also (if he could by any means) to allure Iegides Bassa, Barac Beg, and Sinan Beg, to forsake his Brother, and to follow his Ensigns; for that in those men consisted Musa his greatest strength; and pro∣mised in good time to come unto him himself also, if he were not too hasty. This Messenger that brought this News, Mahomet bountifully re∣warded, and so sent him away. Shortly after, as he was marching towards Hadrianople, part of the Enemies Army began to shew it self un∣der the leading of Cara Calile, and was pre∣sently charged by Michael Ogli,* 5.2 and put to flight. So holding on his way to Hadrianople, he laid siege to the City; where the Citizens sent out to him certain of their gravest and most substantial Burgesses, to certifie him, That by reason of the Garrison there left by Musa, they could not as then deliver the City unto him; but if it should please him to go and try his Fortune in the Field against his Brother, who should be the Commander thereof, he should find them ready to follow his good Fortune, and to yield themselves, the City, and all there∣in, to his pleasure, if it were his good hap to carry away the Victory. With which answer Mahomet contenting himself, raised his Siege, and took the way towards Zagora. In that place Musa is reported to have come secretly disguised into Mahomet his Camp, and to have taken full view thereof; but perceiving himself too weak to encounter his Brother, withdrew his Army into the safeguard of the great Woods and strong Places; and so from thence retired with his Army towards Philippolis, and so marched along the River Meritze, called in ancient time Hebrus; where Iegides Bassa, with Hamza Beg, and Ismir Ogli (three of Musa his great Captains) set upon the rereward of Mahomets Army, and were by Michael Ogli repulsed. Mahomet holding on his way, came to Sophia; where as he went, Musa divers times from the Mountains made shew of his Army, but durst not come down into the Plain to give him battle. Mahomet having re∣freshed his Army at Sophia, marched to Sarkive, where he received Letters from Iegides Bassa, Barac Beg, and Sinan Beg, all secretly perswaded by old Eurenoses to revolt unto him; the tenor whereof in brief was this:

Iegides Bassa, Barac Beg, and Sinan Beg, unto the great Sultan Mahomet.

WE are three young men (most mighty Monarch) and have with us three thousand choice Souldiers, men of incomparable valour, such as the World hath scarce the like; draw your Forces near unto us with as much speed as you can, and you shall find us ready to come over unto you. Fare you well.

Whereupon he marched all the next night af∣ter,* 6.1 untill he came to the River Morava, and there encamped; where the three aforenamed Captains, according to their promise joyned themselves unto him with all their Souldiers. Thither came also old Eurenoses, of all others the most famous Captain amongst the Turks, and now no longer blind, bringing with him a great company of most expert Souldiers. Mark the Despot of Servia (for the displeasure he bare unto Musa) sent him Aid thither also. By which Supplies, Mahomets Army was greatly increased; who after he had courteously wel∣comed all these new come Captains, he began again to march farther until he came to C••ssova, the unfortunate Plain; where Hamza Beg the Prince of Smyrna his Son, having forsaken Musa, came unto him with five hundred Horse, certifying him, that all the Nobility had for∣saken his Father; so, as he marcht from place to place, his Forces still increased, by the revolt of his Brothers. Musa seeing his Souldiers thus daily fall from him, insomuch that he had almost none now left, but the Souldiers of the Court (which were indeed his best men of War, and always unto him faithful, because he had been ever unto them exceeding bountiful) thought it best to attempt something, before he were left him∣self alone. Wherefore having yet with him se∣ven thousand of those expert Souldiers, he drew nearer unto his Brother, seeking to have taken him at some advantage. But Mahomet having knowledge of his purpose, and contented to be advised by his old expert Captains, had ever a vigilant eye unto him. Yet at last, whether it were upon good hope, or else prickt forward with despair, Musa upon the sudden, valiantly set upon his Brothers Army; but his Souldiers oppressed with multitude, rather than overcome with true valour, after a hard and bloody Fight were put to the worst; which he seeing, des∣perately brake into the midst of his Enemies, seeking there for death amongst the thickest of them. But being known by Bajazet Bassa, Mahomet his Lieutenant General, desirous to take him alive, he was beset on every side; where seeing himself in more danger to be taken than slain, he with great courage brake from amongst the midst of them, and fled. In which flight his Horse falling into a deep muddy Ditch (or as some others say) hoxed by Sarutzes his own Servant, and himself wounded) overthrew him, and there before he could again recover him∣self, was taken by Bajazet Bassa (the great Lieu∣tenant) Michael Ogli and Barac Beg, which had hardly pursued him out of the battel; and so with his hands bound,* 6.2 by them brought through the midst of the Army. Which pitiful sight, grieved not a little the hearts of many; to see him but even now so great a King, and one of the Sons of great Bajazet, by the strange change of For∣tune, bound like a Captive Slave led forth to Execution; yet were most part glad thereof, hoping these long Civil Wars would now in him take end. Shortly after came unto him a Noble∣man called Balta Ogli, sent (as they thought) from Mahomet himself; who after he had in few words bitterly reproved him, for the cruelty by him before shewed unto his Brother Solyman, in like case,* 6.3 caused him presently to be strangled with a Bow-string. His dead body was by and by after presented to his Brother Mahomet; who seeing it, shed a few Crocodils tears over it. He reigned three years end seven months, and was afterwards conveyed to Prusa, and there lieth buried by the body of his Brother Solyman, in the same Chappel with his Grandfather Amurath.

Mahomet after the death of Musa, now free from all Competitors, took upon him the sole Government of the Turkish Kingdom, as well in Europe as in Asia. And here the Turkish Histories begin the Reign of this Mahomet fifth King of the Turks; accounting the troublesome time from the Captivity of Bajazet, unto the death of Musa, as a time of vacancy or Anar∣chy, wherein the Turkish Kingdom was not at any time wholly possessed by any one of Baja∣zet his Sons; Isa possessing one part, whereof he was by Mahomet dispossessed; who afterwards usurped all that part of the Turkish Kingdom in Asia, being the right of his elder Brother Solyman; who at that time reigning in Eur••pe, was deposed and strangled by his Brother Musa; who was in like manner served by his youngest Brother Mahomet, the only Son of Bajaz••t then left, as is before declared. Which divers Muta∣tions, and interrupted Successions, was the cause that the Historiographers do so greatly dissent upon the Successor of Bajaz••t; some reckoning one, some another; and some more, some fewer; and some, such as never were. But forasmuch as Mahomet held all or most part of the Turkish Kingdom in Asia, during his troublesome time, and in the end possessed the other part thereof in Europe also, I reckon him for the fifth King of the Turks, and Successor to his Father Baja∣zet; including also in this History of his life, all that Intestine and Serpentine-like Tragedy, wherein he himself was the principal Actor.

Whilst Mahomet was (as is aforesaid) thus busied in his Wars in Europe, against his Brother Musa, [year 1415.] the King of Caramania taking the advantage of his Troubles there, with a great Army in∣vaded his Kingdom joyning upon him in Asia, burning and spoling all before him as he went; Eivases Bassa, Mahomet his Lieutenant, then lying at Prusa, not able to withstand him;* 6.4 and fear∣ing his coming thither, because it was the Seat of the Othoman Kings in Asia, caused the Citi∣zens to bring the greatest part of their Wealth into the Castle; whereinto he also received so many of the Citizens as he conveniently could, willing the rest to shift for themselves as they might, in such case of extremity. Shortly after, the King of Caramania (according to his ex∣pectation) came to Prusa, and without resistance took the City, not as yet fully fortified; which he▪ without delay caused the second time to be burnt down to the ground; and afterwards laid siege to the Castle, giving many great Assaults thereto by the space of thirty days, but was always valiantly repulsed by Eivases the Bassa, who ceased not continually to encourage his Souldiers, still putting them in comfort, that Mahomet having now overcome his Enemies in Europe, would in few days undoubtedly come to their Relief. It chanced at the same time that the dead body of Musa, sent to Prusa to be buried, was honourably conveyed upon the way, with much people following it. The Caramanian King hearing of the coming of such a multitude, and fearing it to have been Mahomet with his Power, raised his Siege, and with speed departed; whereat the Turks long time after jested, say∣ing, If the Caramanian King run away for fear of the dead body of the Othoman King, what would he do if he had come against him alive? But the truth was, he feared Mahomet and his Power.

Orchanes the Son of Solyman (yet a Boy) having lived at Constantinople ever since the death of his Father, about this time departed thence, because of the League lately made between the Em∣peror and his Uncle Mahomet, purposing to have

gone into Valachia; but by the way as he was travelling, the Turkish voluntary Souldiers un∣derstanding that he was the Son of their late King Solyman, resorted unto him in great num∣bers, offering in his Quarrel to spend their lives. Of which Insurrection Mahomet hearing, marched thither in all hast, with a great Power to sup∣press the same; of whose coming the Souldiers with Orchanes understanding, dispersed them∣selves and fled. As for Orchanes himself, he was by his unlawful Tutor Zaganos betrayed unto his Uncle Mahomet; who presently caused his Eyes to be put out, and so sent him to Prusa; allow∣ing him great Revenues to live upon, and ever after used him with great Honour. The Sister of this Orchanes he gave in marriage to one of his Noblemen, with a great Dowry. This is that Orchanes, whom some Historiographers reckon up among the Turkish Kings, as one of the Successors of Bajazet; and that he was betrayed to his Uncle Moses; erring as I suppose, both in Succession and the Name, mistaking Moses for Mahomet.

[year 1416.] Now Mahomet calling to remembrance the Injury which the Caramanian King had done to him in his absence,* 6.5 returning to Prusa, assem∣bled a great Army to revenge himself of that wrong. At which time, he sent to the Prince Isfendiar for Aid, who sent him his Son Cassumes. He commanded also the Prince Germean Ogli, to make provision for the Victualling of his Camp, as he should pass by his Country; which was accordingly done. And so provided of all things necessary, he with his Army entred into the Caramanian Country; where he took the Cities Aspropolis, Despotopolis, Hierapolis, and besieged Iconium; but by reason of the immoderate rain which at that time fell, he was glad to make Peace with the Caramanian King, called also Mahomet. And so raising his Siege, departed to∣wards Pontus, where he had not long stayed, but that News was brought unto him, That the Cara∣manian King renouncing his League, was again up in Arms. Wherefore returning into Caramania, and so to Iconium, he there overthrew the King in battel, and took both him and his Son Musta∣pha Prisoners; who redeemed themselves by de∣livering many of their strong Cities and Castles into his hands; and afterward concluded a Peace, they receiving from him an Ensign (as the Turkish manner is) in token they were now become his Vassals.

[year 1417.] The Caramanian War thus happily ended, he went over into Europe,* 6.6 and passing over Danu∣bius, foraged the Country of Valachia Transal∣pina, making there great spoil; for redress where∣of, the Valachian Prince by his Embassadors sent him such Tribute as he demanded, and his Son also to serve him in his Court. About which time hapned a great Earthquake in Prusa, and other places of Asia; whereby many Houses and Towns were overthrown; after which, ensued great trou∣bles in most parts of Asia; howbeit Mahomet going thither, by his presence kept all his Dominions in peace and quietness.

Isfendiar Prince of Castamona and part of Pon∣tus, reserving unto himself Castamona, with a little part more of his Dominion, gave the rest unto Mah••m••t, upon condition, that he should restore no part thereof again unto his Son Cassumes; who having long time served in Mahomet his Court and Wars, could not be perswaded to return again unto his Father; and therefore was by him thus disinherited. Which great Gift, Mahomet thank∣••ully accepted, and in lieu thereof assigned unto Cassimes other great and large Possessions within his own Kingdom.

Mahomet, after the death of his Brother Musa, had sent Scheiches Bedredin (his Brothers Cade∣lescher) to Nice in Asia, as unto a place of exile, allowing him nevertheless a great Pension where∣on to live. This Bedredin had in his house one Burgluzes, Mustapha his Steward; these two con∣sulted together, how to raise some Tumult or Rebellion to trouble the peaceable Government of Mahomet. For which purpose, Burgluzes (ac∣cording to the Plot by them laid) took this way into Aidinia (sometime called Caria) and there pretending great Zeal of Reformed Religion, with a wonderful Gravity began to broach divers new and strange Opinions, far differing from the Turkish ancient Superstition, yet very plausible and well fitting the humour of the vul∣gar people. By which means he was in short time reputed for a famous learned devout Man, and had many Followers, drawing after him much people, fit to begin some great Innovation. Be∣dredin glad of his mans success, fled from Nice into the Prince Isfendiar his Country, from whence he took shipping over the Euxine into Valachia, and there withdrawing himself into a great Forest, as if he had been some devout and re∣ligious Man, allured unto him a great number of Outlaws and Theeves which there lived. Whom when he had sufficiently instructed and framed to his purpose, he sent them in the habit of Religious Men into the Country of Zagora, and other places in the Frontiers of Mahomet his Dominions, near unto him, as his Disciples; who with great boldness and confidence, pub∣lished Bedredin his Doctrine and Authority; and how that he was by God appointed to be the King of Justice, and Commander of all the World; whose Doctrine and manner of Govern∣ment was (as they said) already received (as they gave it out) in Asia, being set forth but by one of his Scholars, Burgluzes; whose Fame was now dispersed throughout all the Turks Dominion; and that therefore if any were desirous of Prefer∣ment, they should repair to Bedredin, who would in short time shew himself to the World, and pro∣mote his Followers according to their Deserts. Many of the Country people deluded with this phantasie and practise of these seditious Seed-Men, resorted to Bedredin in hope of Preferment, and with them some of good Calling also. At last, out of the Forest cometh this great Prophet with Banner displayed, attended upon with a great multitude of the seditious vulgar people, which daily resorted unto him more and more. Mahomet for the repressing of these dangerous Tumults, sent his Son Amurath, and Bajazet the great Bassa, with two thousand Men to appre∣hend Burgluzes in Aidinia; but when they came thither, they found him guarded with three thousand Men well appointed, ready to adven∣ture their Lives in defence of their foolish Pro∣phet. Nevertheless, Amurath and Bajazet not dismayed with the multitude of those uplandish people, set upon them; where was fought a right bloody Battel, for the number,* 6.7 and many slain on both sides; yet at last the Rebels fled; in which flight Burgluses himself was slain, and hewen all to pieces. After which Victory Ba∣jazet from thence hasted to Magnesia, and there executed Torlac Kemal, another seditious Turkish Monk, which with two thousand, by him sedu∣ced, did much harm in the Country thereabout. At the same time also, Mahomet sent another Power against Bedredin; but most of his Followers seeing in him no such matter, as was by his Disciples and himself promised, and as they hoped for, were already fallen from him, so that of that great multitude which before followed

him, few or none were left with him, whereby he was easily apprehended by them that Mahomet had sent against him; and so being brought to Mahomet to Serras, was there in the Market-place before a Tavern-door, fairly hanged, without any further harm.* 6.8

Mahomet in the short time of his Reign finished the great Mahometan Temple at Hadrianople, be∣fore begun by his Brethren Solyman and Musa. Where he also built a Princely Palace, the Seat of the Turkish Kings in Europe, until the taking of Constantinople. He also built another Tem∣ple, with a most sumptuous Abbey, and a pub∣lick School thereto adjoyning; endowing the same with great Revenews, such as had by him and those his Brethren of late been taken from the Christians. He gave also great Sums of Money, yearly to be paid at Medina and Mecha, for the re∣lief of poor Pilgrims travelling from far to the Sepulchre of their great Prophet Mahomet, at Me∣dina, or his Temple at Mecha.

* 6.9Shortly after Mahomet fell sick at Hadrianople, and perceiving himself in danger of death, by his last Will appointed his eldest Son Amurath to Succeed him in his Kingdom, and sent Elvan-Beg (a man in great Favour with him) in post to Amasia, to will him with all speed to repair to the Court at Hadrianople. But feeling death to approach, and that he could not possibly live until the coming of his Son, he straightly charged his Bassaes with all secrecy to conceal his death, until his coming, for fear lest any Trouble should rise upon the bruit thereof, before his coming thither; and so having set all things in Oder, he departed out of this World unto his Prophet Mahomet, about the year of our Savi∣our Christ, 1422. when he had reigned Seven∣teen years; accounting in his Reign that trouble∣some ten years next after the Captivity of Baja∣zet, in which time the Turks Kingdom was by his ambitious Sons rent in sunder, (as is afore∣said) until it was at length again by this Mahomet restored to the former Integrity, about seven years before his death, which the Turks account for the whole time of his Reign; and the other troublesome ten years as a vacancy or Anarchy of their Kingdom, as is aforesaid.

* 6.10Mahomet being dead, the three great Bassaes, Eivases, Bajazet, and Ibrahim (to rid themselves of the fear they had of the Janizaries, and other Souldiers of the Court) called a Divano or Council for the Wars, as if the King had been alive; wherein it was pretended, That Mahomet had determined to make War upon the Prince of Smyrna; and that for that Service, it was his pleasure, That the Janizaries should forthwith pass over into Asia, to the Castle of Baga. Where∣upon Press-money was presently given them, and they sent over with Letters directed to the Vice-Roy of Anatolia, for the assembling of an Army for Baga. In the mean time, the great Bassaes of the Court sate daily in Council, placing and displacing, promoting and disgracing whom they thought good, as if the King had so commanded; the Kings Physitians also, to countenance the matter, were commanded continually to go to and fro with their Potions and Receits, after their wonted manner, as if they had had the King still in Cure; and Letters were sent in post to Elvan Beg, for speedy dispatch of the business for which he was sent into Asia. Yet for all this cunning dissimulation, the Pentioners and other Souldiers of the Court, wont to be near unto the Kings Person, and some of them always of the Privy-Chamber, began to suspect the matter; and coming to the Bassaes, said they marvelled that the King in so long time did never shew himself, as he had always before done. Where∣unto the Bassaes answered, That he had been dangerously sick, and was as yet but a little re∣covered, and that therefore the Physitians would not suffer him to look abroad, or take the Air, for fear of casting him down again. Then will we our selves, said the Pentioners, go and see his Majesty; and with that were ready to force in upon the Bassaes. Eivases seeing their im∣portunity, desired them to hold themselves con∣tented, and not as then to trouble the King, for that he had that day, as he said, taken Physick; but to morrow (said he) we will request his Ma∣jesty, if he so please to shew himself, that you may see him; wherewith they for that time held themselves content. Now among the Kings Physitians there was one Geordiron, a Persian, a man of a quick spirit and subtile device, which found means to deceive the Pentioners; he de∣vised, that the dead body of the King being apparelled in Royal large Robes, should be brought betwixt two, as if he had been led into an high open Gallery, and being there set, to have a Boy so neatly placed behind him under his large Robes, as that he unperceived, might move the Kings hand up to his head, as if he should stroke his Face or Beard, as his manner was. The next day the dead King being ac∣cordingly brought forth by the Bassaes in his rich Robes, and wrapped with Clothes about his Head, as if it had been for fear of the Air, or of taking cold, and so placed in an high open Gallery, as was before devised, suddenly the Physitian came running in, fuming and raging as if he had been half mad, ready to tear his Clothes for anger; and in great choler casting his Cap against the ground, asked the Bassaes if they meant to kill the King, by bringing him into the open Air? We (said he) have with great pains, in long time, a little recovered him, and will you thus foolishly cast him down again? Par∣don us good Doctor (said Eivases) for these Gen∣tlemen (pointing to the Pentioners) were so im∣portunate to see his Majesty, that to satisfie their desires, he was content to be led forth of his Chamber; whereof we hope shall ensue no harm. The Pentioners seeing the King many times moving his hand to his face, and as it were stroking his Beard, held themselves well contented, sup∣posing him to have been alive, although but weak, and therefore not willing to speak unto them. The Physitians taking him up amongst them, car∣ried him into his Lodging again, which was but fast by, making as if they had carried an extream sick man. Thus was his death cunningly conceal∣ed one and forty days, until the coming of Amu∣rath his Son.

This Mahomet was both wise and valiant, and withall exceeding bountiful, but Ambitious above measure; and may of right be accounted the Restorer of the Turks Kingdom; for he reco∣vered again all those Countries in Asia, which Tamerlane had taken away and given unto other Mahometan Princes, after the Overthrow of Ba∣jazet. And when as the Kingdom of the Turks was rent in pieces, and almost brought to nought by Civil Wars, and the Ambition of himself and his Brethren; he at length got possession of the whole, and so left it to his Son Amurath an en∣tire Kingdom, in the former greatness, although not so much by him augmented. His body lieth buried in a fair Tomb made of artificial stone, very beautiful to behold, in a Chappel at the East side of Prusa, where we leave him at his rest.

Christian Princes of the same time with Ma∣homet the First.

• ...Emperors
  • ...Of the East
    • Emanuel Paleologus. 1387. 30▪
  • ...Of the West
    • Rupertus Duke of Bavaria. 1400. 10.
    • Sigismund King of Hun∣gary. 1411. 28.
• ...Kings
  • Of England
    • Henry the Fourth. 1399. 13
    • Henry the Fifth. 1413. 9.
  • Of France
    • Charles the Sixth, sirnamed, The welbeloved. 1381. 42.
  • Of Scotland
    • John Stuart, otherwise called Robert. 1390. 16.
    • James the First. 1424. 13▪
• Bishops of Rome,
  • Boniface the IX. 1391. 14.
  • Innocent the VIII. 1405. 2.
  • Gregory the XII. 1407. 2.
  • Alexander the V. 1410. 1.
  • John the XXIII. 1411. 5.
  • Martin the V. 1417. 13.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Divers opinions concerning the Succes∣sors of Ba∣jazet.
• * 1.2

  The true Posterity of Baja∣zet.
• * 1.3

  Mahomet G••vernor of Amasia.
• * 1.4

  Mahomet ••••nd••••h Spies into Tamer∣lane his Camp.
• * 1.5

  Cara Du∣let slain.
• * 2.1

  Mahomet his 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to Ina••l Ogli the Tartar Prince.
• * 3.1

  Inall Ogli his answer to Maho∣met.
• * 3.2

  Inall Ogli over∣thrown by Mahomet.
• * 3.3

  Mahomet his Speech to Tamer∣lanes Em∣bassador.
• * 3.4

  The great power Ta∣merlane contin••al∣ly k••pt.
• * 3.5

  The death of Tamer∣lane.
• * 3.6

  The de∣scription of Tamer∣lane.
• * 3.7

  Mahomet goeth a∣gainst his Brother.
• * 3.8

  The answer of Isa to Mahomet his Offers.
• * 3.9

  The body of Bajazet honourably buried at Prusa.
• * 3.10

  Good coun∣sel.
• * 3.11

  Isa with a great army sent by his Brother Solyman into Asia against Mahomet.
• * 3.12

  Prusa burnt by Isa.
• * 3.13

  Isa flieth into Cara∣man••a, and there dieth in obscurity.
• * 3.14

  The Castle of Prusa besieged by Solyman.
• * 3.15

  Musa mar∣rieth the Prince of Valachia his daugh∣ter.
• * 3.16

  Musa in the absence of Soly∣man recei∣ved at Ha∣drianople as King.
• * 3.17

  Musa goeth a∣gainst So∣lyman.
• * 3.18

  Solyman flieth.
• * 3.19

  Solyman strangled by his Bro∣ther Musa.
• * 3.20

  This Soly∣man is that same whom some call Cele∣binus, and other some, Calepi∣nus, and reckon him for the fifth King of the Turks.
• * 3.21

  The battel betwixt the two Brethren, Mahomet and Musa.
• * 4.1

  M••homet his Letters unto the Prince Dulgader Ogli, his Father in law.
• * 5.1

  The answer of Prince Dulgader Ogli to Mahomet.
• * 5.2

  Hadria∣nople be∣sieged by Mahomet.
• * 6.1

  Musa his chief Cap∣tains re∣volt to Mahomet.
• * 6.2

  Musa taken.
• * 6.3

  Musa strangled.
• * 6.4

  Prusa burnt by the Cara∣manian King.
• * 6.5

  M••homet invade••h the Cara∣manian King.
• * 6.6

  Valachia Tributary to the Turk.
• * 6.7

  Burgluzes slain.
• * 6.8

  Bedredin hanged.
• * 6.9

  Mahomet dieth at Hadriano∣ple.
• * 6.10

  The death of Ma∣homet cunningly concealed from the Ianiza∣ries, by the three great Bassaes.