The tenth satyr of Juvenal, English and Latin the English by Tho Shadwell ; with illustrations upon it.

Illustrations on the Tenth Satyr of Juvenal.

(1.) THE Spaniards call it Cadiz, corruptly Calis, we call it Cales, an Island scituate at the South-side of Spain, without the Streights of Gibraltar, where they feign'd Hercules to have set up two Pillars with his Ne plus ultra. This the Ancients thought to be the farthest part of the Earth Eastward.

(2.) The great River in the East-Indies, dividing them into two parts, extra and intra Gangem: The old Scholiast says, Juvenal means the whole Earth by Synecdoche.

(3.) Here I differ from Lubin, and Farnaby, (as Mr. Holyday does) who interpret dextro pede with most pro∣sperous Auspicies. For tho' Turnebus says, Lib. 29. cap. 35. Dextra cum erant, Numina favere credebantur, Laeva con∣tra. Yet in auspiciis quae sinistra sunt bene eventura pu∣tantur among the Romans says Alex. ab Alex. gen. dier. lib. 5. cap. 13. in taking their Auspicia, the Thunder and Lightning was supposed to come from the right hand of the God, when it was on the left hand of the Auspex. Laeva auspicia answer to dextra Numina; and so vice versa, and so intonuit Laevum Aeneid 2, is expounded by Dona∣tus. So that dextro pede could not be meant in Farnaby, and Lubins sence. But the Romans thinking the Right Limbs were naturally more strong and worthy than the Left, superstitiously fancied, That that Progress was lucki∣est that begun with the right Foot. Some Jockies here among us superstitiously believe, That if the Horse step out of the Stable with his right foot he will win the Race, otherwise not.

(4.) I have Translated faciles literally, easy; be∣cause I take it to be as good English as it is Latin.

(5.) Milo was a Man of predigious strength as Strabo writes of him: But going through a Forrest in Italy, seeing an Oak in part split, he endeavour'd to rend it farther, and it closed with a spring upon him, and held him till he became a prey to Wild Beasts.

(6.) Tho' Juvenal calls them Brittish Whales, and Lubin says, they are the greatest that are; yet we scarce see one in an Age here, and then not the greatest.

(7.) Caius Cassius Longinus a very rich Lawyer, Nero commanded his Eyes to be put out, and afterwards or∣der'd him to be kill'd; upon pretence of having Cassius his Image who stab'd Julius Caesar in his House: But the true reason was for his great wealth.

(8.) Nero's Tutor, an excellent Moral Philosopher, he had most magnificent Gardens, and was prodigiously Rich, as Tacitus says, lib. 13. That in the fourth year of Nero he was worth 100000 Sestertia; which Mr. Holyday com∣putes to be 781250 l. sterling, and he improved this Estate four years after that. At the command of Nero, his Veins were cut, and he bled to death: He was accused by Ruffus, and Tigellinus, upon pretence that he was in Pi∣sa"s Cospiracy.

(9.) Plautius Lateranus appointed Consul, whom Nero commanded to be kill'd, so suddenly, that he would not give leave that he should embrace his Children. Turius the Tribune dispatched him, Tacit. 15.

(10.) Poor People always lay in the Cock-lofts, into which they climbed with Ladders, Juven. Satyr. 3.

(11.) Contus signifies a Quant or Sprett, with which they shove Boats; it also signifies a stronger sort of Spear, and a Weapon wherewith they used to fight with wild Beasts: But I take it here to be a strong Staff with an Iron

at the end of it; like that which Tinkers, Pedlers, and Foot-pads use: And therefore I have Translated it a Quar∣ter-staff; and Foot-pads Rob most in the night.

(12.) Vows or Prayers, which when they were asham'd of, they did, susurrare, mumble them in secret; but otherwise they spoke 'em loud, as Persius says, aperto vi∣vere voto.

(13.) The Senators and great wealthy men were wont to put their Money in Iron Chests, and place them in the forum for fear of Fire. First in Mars his Temple in the Forum of Augustus, till that was Rob'd, which the Poet mentions Sat. 14. after that in the Temple of Castor and Pollux, which was in the Forum Romanum; after that in Trajans Forum, and as the old Scholiast says, the place was call'd Opes.

(14.) Because the Poor drink in them, whom none hate, envy, or would supplant.

(15.) The Romans used to drink in Golden Cups a∣dorn'd with Precious Stones. Vid. Sat. 5. from the 37th. Line to the 46th.

(16.) Excellent Wine named from Setia a Town or City in Campania.

(17.) The Commentators doubting about this place say, That Ardebit may signify that Wine looks of a flame co∣lour in Gold Cups; or that it may be applied to the burn∣ing poyson in the Cup: I am bold to apply it to the Wine, and translate it Sparkle.

(18.) Democritus of Abdera a City in Thrace, an A∣natomical Philosopher, who, whenever he stir'd out, laugh'd continually at the vanities and follies of mankind, there∣fore sirnamed Gelasinus the Laugher. Some People sent Hippocrates to him, taking him to be mad; but Hippocra∣tes thought him otherwise.

(19.) Heraclitus a Philosopher of Ephesus, who al∣ways wept at the follies, villanies and miseries of man∣kind, he liv'd in the time of the last Darius; he was sir∣named 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 for his obscure stile.

(20.) A White Mantle border'd with Purple, worn by Consuls, Dictators, Praetors, and great men who had born great Offi••es; and by the Sons of Noblemen, till they put on the manly Gown.

(21.) A Robe or Mantle of which there were three sorts, one all Purple for the Gods, another streak'd with beams of White and Purple for Kings; and a Third of Purple and Scarlet, worn by the Augur when he took his Augury. See Alex. ab Alex. gen. Dier. lib. 5. cap. 18.

(22.) Horse-litters which were very lofty, and mag∣nificently rich, in which they might sit or lye, carried by their Slaves. See Sat. 3.

(23.) The bundle of Rods carried before Dictators, Consuls, and the Praetor Ʋrbanus, with an Ax bound to it, not in it.

(24.) The place at the end of the Judgment Hall raised and rounded, where stood the Sella Curulis, or Judgment-seat, on which the Praetor sate.

(25.) The place where the Romans saw Chariot-races and other Games.

(26.) Here the Poet makes the Praetor and Consul to be the same; and anciently the same man was call'd by both names, Praetor a Praecundo, and Consul a Consulendo Senatum: But this was before the Praetor Ʋrbanus, some∣what like our Lord Mayor was made, as Lubin notes from Pedianus.

(27.) They were wont to stand in their Triumphal Chariots, Sat. 8. lib. 3. Stantes in Curribus Aemilianos.

(28.) These Triumphal Robes were brought out of the Temple of Jupiter, and given to him who was to Tri∣umph:

See Alex. ab Alex. Gen. Dierum, Lib. 5. cap. 18. The Toga and the Tunica are here different most certain∣ly, tho' some would have it otherwise.

(29.) Publick Servants were the Servants of the Ma∣gistrates, as they were Magistrates, and were bought in the name of the Commonwealth, and employ'd in publick works. This is to distinguish him from his own proper Slave.

* This Servant rode behind the Triumpher in the same Chariot, and put him in mind of Instruments of punish∣ment affix'd to the Chariot, and cryed out to him, Re∣spice post te memento te esse hominem, Look behind you, remember you are a Man, and bid him mind the Whip and the Bell. Lubin and Farnaby.

(30.) He that Triumph'd bore an Ivory Scepter, with an Eagle seeming to rise and fly from it.

(31.) Clients were Retainers or Followers of Great men.

(32.) The Colour of the Mantle or Sleeveless Gown for the better sort was White, and this they wore (as Pan∣cirollus says) Lib. 1. Tit. 43. at all publick Shows.

(33.) They march'd on each side of his Chariot.

(34.) Sportula was the Supper or entertainment which the Rex, or Patron gave his Clients, which at first was a Supper, but afterwards was turn'd into Money: As here it is meant, Defossa in Loculis quos Sportula fecit Amicos. When they entertain'd them liberally at Supper, it was call'd Caena recta: but the more proud and sordid great men gave them out Baskets of Mea••, and Money at their doors. See Sat. 1. line 95. where Juvenal lashes the base∣ness of a proud luxurious fellow, who would have Seven Dishes to himself alone, and keep out his Clients. 'Tis hard to imagine that free Citizens of good Condition, should be so slavish to follow the Sportula, as you may see, Sat. 1. after line 95.

(34.) Vervecum in patria Crasso{que} sub Aere nasci. The Countrey of Weathers, sheepish, doltish fellows which I translate Sheeps-heads. Crasso sub Aere, like that in Baectia, good rich Pasture, but thick moist Air. We observe here that the driest Climate, and thinnest Air, produces the quickest Wits, Hor. in Epist. Baeo••um crasso jurares in Aere natum.

(35.) The Ancients were wont when they made their Vows to the Gods, to write them, some in Papers, and some in Waxen Tables, and with Wax, to fix them to the Knees of the Gods: As says Farnaby, the old Scholiast, Lubin and Turnebus, lib. adv. 1. cap. 21.

(36.) The Scholiast interprets this otherwise than Lubin, and in my Opinion more truly to be a Brass Plate fix'd under their Images, containing every degree of their Titles and Honours.

(37.) When any great Man was condemn'd of a ca∣pital crime, his Statue was pull'd down, drag'd about the Streets, and flung down the Gemonies, Tacit. lib. 3. An∣nal. See Satyr. 8. line 18. and Lubin upon it.

(38.) Their Statues were Erected in their Chariots. See Sat. 8. Stantes in Curribus Aemilianos.

(39.) Here the Poet represents the people speaking to one another (not to the Emperor as Lubin would have it) to Crown their Houses with Bays and Laurel, as the Custom was in any general Joy: And this was to congra∣tulate the Emperors Happiness in being deliver'd from his dangerous Enemy Sejanus, his chief Minister, and but a while before his greatest Favourite, whose extravagant Ambition had made him design the destruction of the Em∣peror; and Ʋsurpation.

(40.) They used to Sacrifice a white Bull to Jupiter, which Colour was, as they thought, acceptable to him. To the Coelestial Gods they offer'd White sacrifices, to the Infernal, Black, says Brittanicus.

(41.) Before he speaks of his statue being dragg'd a∣bout; now of his Body, which was, like other great Malefactors bodies, drawn by a Hook in his Throat, and thrown down the Scalae Gemoniae, which were on the A∣ventine near the Temple of Juno, Alex. ab Alex. Gen. dier. lib. 3. cap. 5.

(42.) One of the Citizens speaks, beholding the Car∣kass.

(43.) Another Citizen speaks.

(44.) A third answers.

(45.) The subtle Letter which Tyberius sent to the Senate, which caused the immediate destruction of Seja∣nus, who was kill'd by the Soldiers, drawn thither for that purpose.

(46.) A Rocky Island not far from Surrentum a City in Campania.

(47.) Another Citizen speaks; these were not the Rabble, but as good as our Common-Councel men that were.

(48.) Here the Poet speaks in his own person, for twelve lines together, of all the Crowd.

(49.) Sejanus was a Tuscan, and Nurscia was the Pro∣tectress of the Countrey; by some thought to be For∣tune.

(50) Since the Emperors had deprived them of their right of chusing their Officers by Votes.

(51.) Tessarae Frumentariae, it is thought were here intended, which were Tokens brought to the Overseer, Praefectus dividendi frumenti, for the dividing the Corn, by which the poorer sort claim'd an allowance of Corn Monthly; but Lubin says it is to be understood thus, That now the people grown supine, or slothful and base, car'd for nothing but food for necessity, and Games or Races in the Circus.

(52.) Here the Citizens speak again.

(53.) Here the Commentators keep a great stir about the expression Magna est fornacula: But it seems most naturally to be meant of the Emperor's Breast, which tho' little, has great rage or heat in it.

(54.) Lubin applies Victus ne poenas exigat Ajax, to the Emperor: viz. That his Cause being ill defended by the Senate, he would run mad, and kill Man and Beast like Ajax; but he says many apply it to Brutidius, and it seems to me that those many are in the right.

(55.) Tiberius had given power to slaves to swear a∣gainst their Masters, contrary to the Roman Law. These were the better and middle sort of Citizens.

(56.) The private Retiring Rooms, where Tyberius practised his foul lusts and villanous debaucheries.

(57.) The Praetorian Camp were the Guards to the Emperors person, which Sejanus Commanded, which were incamped about the East side of Rome; and when the Emperor was in the field, they were always about his Pavilion.

(58.) Aediles were the lowest of Magistrates, who overlook'd Weights and Measures.

(59.) Julius Caesar, who by his perpetual Dictatorship brought the Roman Citizens under his lash.

(60.) The word Reges and Tyranni were become odi∣ous to the Romans ever since the time of the Tarquins: And Juvenal here declares himself a Republican.

(61.) There was a five days Festival kept in Rome in honour to Minerva, the Goddess of Wit and Learning, which according to the Roman Calender began on the 19th. of March, and ended the 23d. and this was call'd the Quinquatria.

(62.) Cicero's Head and Hands were cut off, and fix'd to the Rostra by the command of Antonius: And De∣mosthenes

the famous Athenian Orator, Plato's Scholar, when Antipater succeeded Alexander, to prevent being apprehended by Archias (who was sent after him when he fled) took Poyson which he had in a Pen. See Plu∣tarch.

(63) The Rostra signifies the place, or the Pulpit from which they spoke Orations to the people, call'd Rostra first from the stems or heaks of Ships of the Antiates, where∣with the Pulpit was adorn'd.

(64.) O fortunatam Natam me Consule Romam, a very mean Verse, made by Cicero, notwithstanding Scaligers vindication of it. I found it impossible to be translated; but I have written with the same fault, as Consul Consult.

(65.) A most incomparable Invective Oration of Ci∣cero's against Anthony, which he remember'd, and paid him home for't.

(66.) The Theatre at Athens was the place where the people were wont to hear Orations concerning weighty matters of the Commonwealth, as Diodorus Siculus, Plu∣tarch, and Isocrates testify, and is to be found in the Acts of the Apostles, chap. 19. verse 29. The people rush'd, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

(67.) Demosthenes his Father was a Sword-cutler.

(68.) The Conquerors used to put the following spoyls upon the stumps of Trees, which were call'd Trophies; and this was done where they put the Enemies to flight in memory of the Victory.

(69.) Upon the gaining of some City or Country to the Commonwealth, they used to erect a Triumphal Arch of Marble, with Inscriptions in Brass, expressing the Con∣queror and the sad Captive.

(70.) By Barbarcus Emperor is meant the Persian.

(71.) The Wild fig-tree will grow through Stone∣walls.

(72.) The famous Carthaginian Captain, who Warr'd Sixteen years with the Romans.

(73.) To the exceeding heats in the Country about Nilus in Aegypt.

(74.) A Great Region on the South part of Egypt, now called the Abyssines, or Prester John's Country.

(75.) The Mountains that part Spain from France.

(76.) The high Mountains that part France from Italy and Germany. As Livy writes, by making vast fires upon the Rocks, and pouring a huge quantity of Vinegar upon them, he broke them, and made them crumble. But this is surely thought fabulous by Polybius, who omits it as is supposed for that reason.

(77.) An Elephant from the Getuli, a people of Africk; or as Lubin says, from Getulia.

(78.) When he was Conquered by Scipio Africanus in Africk, he was Condemn'd to Banishment. He fled to Antiochus King of Syria, suspecting him, be left him, and came to Prusias King of Bythinia, &c. Of him the Romans demanded Hannibal to be sent to them. Lubin renders Praetoria Regis, the King's Judgment-Seat, tho' it may be the King's Pavilion.

(79.) The Great slaughter which Hannibal made of the Romans at Cannae, where so many of the Equestrian Order fell, that several Measures were fill'd with the Rings taken from their Fingers, which he sent to Car∣thage. To avoid being delivered to the Romans by the King of Bythinia, he took Poyson which he had kept in a Ring.

(80.) Alexander the Great, born at Pella a City in Macedonia, call'd by Juvenal here Pellaeus Juvenis, who as Plutarch writes, hearing Anaxagoras discourse of infinite Worlds, wept, and being ask'd by his Friends the Reason of his weeping, Have I not reason, says he, since there are

Infinite Worlds, and I have with so much toyl and pain scarce conquer'd one?

(81.) Gyara was a barren, little Rockey Island in the Aegean Sea, one of the Cyclades, whither the Romans used to Banish people, see Satyr 1. Aude aliquod brevibus Gyaris.

(82.) Seryphus one of the Cyclades, or Sporades too.

(83.) Here at Babylon Cassander Poyson'd him.

(84.) Athos a Promontory of Macedonia, said to be cut off from the Continent by Xerxes; and that then he Sail'd with all his Fleet about it.

(85.) The Sea betwixt Sestos and Abydos, which he joyn'd by a Bridg as Justin says, lib. 2. It was of little Ships, or great Boats.

(86.) The Persian Emperor.

(87.) A Greek Poet who writ of this Expedition in∣to Greece, who Juvenal thinks wrote when he was almost drunk, he wrote so extravagantly.

(88.) An Island belonging to Attica, near which The∣mistocles in a Sea-fight gave him a total defeat.

(89.) For breaking his Bridg of Ships, or great Boats as he did.

(90.) Corus is a Westerly Wind, and Eurus Easterly.

(91.) The God of the Winds, who is said to keep the Winds in Caves or Prisons, and at his pleasure to let them loose. See Neptunes Speech to him in the Aeneids.

(92.) Neptune the God of the Sea, who was feign'd to cause Earthquakes with a blow of his Trident, whom Xerxes was said to Fetter when he made his Bridg.

(93.) When Slaves ran away, and were taken again, they Branded them on the forehead.

(94.) A great Wood upon the Coast of Africk, full of Monkies and Baboons.

(95.) Wife to Veiento a Senator, who ran away from her Husband with Sergius, a Gladiator, to Egypt, Sat. 6. v. 83.

(96.) Themison was a great Physician commended by Pliny and Celsus.

(97.) Those of the Provinces which were Conquered, and had the Priviledges of Romans, were call'd Socii, or Associates.

(98.) A Praefect or Governor of Provinces.

(99.) Irus a notorious cheating Guardian; by Lubin he is call'd Irus, by Schrevelius his Edition, with the No∣tae variorum, he is call'd Hircus.

(100.) A Lewd Common Whore, Sat. 6. v. 307.

(1.) A filthy Sodomitical Schoolmaster.

(2.) Licinius, or as some will have it, Cinnamus, who in Juvenal's youth was his Barber, now a rich Senator, as the Scholiast and Lubin say. The Poet here repeats the same Verse of him which he wrote of him in the first Sa∣tyr, Vers. 25.

(3.) An Infamous Common Strumpet, who had been long in a Baudy-house before he had her; she stood at the door to inveagle Passengers. No doubt the Poet had some one in his Eye who had done this.

(4.) The Romans lay'd the Bodies of the Dead upon a Funeral Pile, burn'd them, and put the Ashes into an Ʋrn with the Bones. These Ʋrns were Vessels of Earth or Brass, holding four Gallons and a half a piece; and so they placed the better sort in stately Vaults belonging to their Families. Pancirollus tells us, Lib. 1. Tit. 62. To preserve the Ashes from mixing with other Ashes, they wrapt the Body in a Sheet made of a sort of Flax called Asbestinum and Asbeston, mentioned by Pliny, lib. 29. cap. 1. which would not burn, and fire did but cleanse it, which is now to be seen.

(5.) Nestor King of Pylos, who liv'd almost 300 years, The Crow they believed to live 900.

(6.) The Ancient Greeks reckon'd their Figures to a Hundred upon the Left hand, and to a Thousand upon the Right; so when he had lived past a 100, he reckon'd his Age upon his Right hand.

(7.) The Father of Achilles was so unhappy to live till old age, to bewail the death of his Son, treacherously slain by Darts by Paris and Deiphobus in Apollo's Temple, when he thought to have Married Polixena.

(8.) Ʋlisses, for whom his old Father Laertes mourn'd while he wandred for Ten years at Sea, after the Siege of Troy, ere he could get home again. He was call'd Ithacus from Ithaca an Island in the Ionian Sea, of which he was Lord. The Poet insinuates that these two old men had been happier if they had died before these Misfortunes of their Sons.

(9.) Priam the last King of Troy, slain by Pyrrhus at the destruction of Troy, after he had reigned Fifty two years.

(10.) Priam's, Son Priam, had 49 Sons more and 12 Daughters.

(11.) Priam's Daughter a Prophetess.

(12.) Polyxena another Daughter very fair, whom A∣chilles desired in Marriage, &c. And after the destruction of Troy, in revenge for Achilles his death, was kill'd by his Son Pyrrhus Neoptolemus upon his Fathers Tomb.

(13) Another Son of Priam's, who set out a Fleet to steal Helena the Wife of Menelaus, which was the occasion of the destruction of Troy after ten years siege.

(14.) Where he was slain by Pyrrhus.

(15.) The old useless Ox, for there was a Law both among the Romans and the Graecians, De non mactando bove aratore, not to kill a Plowing Ox, despised by the un∣grateful

Plow, is a very bold Catechresis, but 'tis my Authors. Ab ingrato jam fastiditus aratro.

(14.) Hecuba Wife to Priam, who for her perpetual reproaching the Greeks, and lamenting the fate of her Husband, Children, and the Trojans, was feign'd to be turn'd into a Bitch.

(15.) Mithridates King of Pontus, aged sixty nine years, had Reign'd fifty seven, Warr'd against the Romans forty; being at last wholly overthrown, when he could not dye by Poyson, having in his life time, as 'tis said, con∣stantly taken Antidotes against it, made one of his Soldiers kill him. See Florus, lib. 3. cap. 5.

(16.) King of Lydia, the richest Man then living, shewing his Treasure to Solon, one of the Seven wise Men of Greece, and Law-giver to the Athenians, ask'd him if he had known any Man happier than himself? To whom So∣lon replied, he had known several; and instanc'd in them, telling him he must look to the end; for no Man could be judged happy till they had seen all his life—and Ovid says,—Dici{que} beatus

Nemo ante obitum suprema{que} funera Debet.

(17.) Marius sirnamed Cajus, born of a very obscure Family; see Sat. 8. v. 245. by his Valour raised himself: He was six times Consul before Sylla forc'd him to fly, when he was put to miserable shifts to save his life. Min∣turvae's Fenns are in Latium, now call'd Campania di Roma, where he was catch'd and Imprison'd; one was sent to Execute him, but he was astonish'd at the majestick presence of him, and could not do it; from thence he escaped, fled to Carthage, and beg'd in the Ruines of that City: after∣wards he was recall'd by Cinna, and a seventh time made Consul. See Plutarch.

(18.) The Chariot in which he was carried when he Triumph'd over the Cimbri, a people of Denmark and Holstein; and the Teutones, a people of Germany call'd Tu∣esch, or Ofsterlings.

(19.) After his overthrow at Pharsalia, he fled to E∣gypt, where, by the Treachery of Ptolomy, his Head was cut off.

(20.) One of the Conspiracy with Cataline, who was strangled in Prison.

(21.) Another of the Conspirators, who died the same Death.

(22.) The chief Conspirator, who died fighting with his Enemies. See Salust.

(23) Here my Author passes to Beauty.

In the Temple of Venus the Goddess of Beauty.

(24.) The Goddess of Hunting, Daughter to Latona and Jupiter.

(25.) Here the Poet Answers the Question supposed to be ask'd by the Mother, Why do you blame me?

(26.) Lucretia the Wife of Collatinus, for her Beauty Ravish'd by Tarquin, upon which she killed her self.

(27.) The Daughter of a Captain, Virginius, whom Appius, one of the Decemviri, caused his Pimp Clodius to claim as his Bondwoman, that he might the more easily cor∣rupt her; at which her Father slew her: See Florus, lib. 1. cap. 14. The Rape of Lucrece was the occasion of the Expulsion of their Kings, and Kingly Authority; and the fate of Virginia, was the occasion of the abolishing the Government of the Decemviri, with the death of Appius and Clodius.

(28.) An ugly crooked Woman, who lived till she was 97 years old: Pliny, lib. 7. takes notice of her.

(29.) A People of Italy, near Rome, famous for the Chastity of their Women, and their Piety and Religion to the Gods: A People who lived plainly, homelily, and vir∣tuously.

(30.) This Corrupter, is either he that would make a Pathick of the handsom Boy, or Gueld him, and in both Cases they may be said not to remain men.

(31.) Sporus was a youth whom Nero endeavour'd to turn into a Woman, by Guelding, &c. and Incision.

(32.) Whom Vulcan caught in a Net while he was ly∣ing with Venus, feign'd to be a Planet.

(33.) It was an Ancient punishment of Adulterers a∣mong the Romans, to take the Mugilis, which we Tran∣slate a Mullet, but it must be unlike ours, a very prickly Fish, which they ramm'd up the Fundament. The Atheni∣ans punish'd them in like manner with a Raddish-Root.

(34.) A Nick name, Ironically given to this Mothers nown Son, from Endymion, beloved by the Moon, as the Poets feign.

(35.) Lubin calls this Servilia, Mother to M. Brutus; if it were she, he must mean deform'd by Age, for she was Concubine to Julius Caesar: nor could she be living now.

(36.) A Noble, Rich, and Prodigal Woman.

(37.) A Rich and Covetous Woman.

(38.) A Question put by the Mother.

(39.) The Poet Answers.

(40.) Hyppolitus the Son of Theseus King of Athens, whom his Mother in Law Phaedra fell in Love with, and when he refused her, enraged thereat, she accused him to her Husband of attempting to Ravish her. He fled from his Fathers rage, the Horses in the Chariot being frighted by two Sea Monsters, ran away up to the Hills, and he and his Chariot were torn in Pieces. He had made a Vow of Chastity, and follow'd Hunting, where∣fore

Diana requested Aesculapius, as they feign, to restore him to life, which was done, and he went afterwards into Italy, where he was call'd, Virbius quia bis Vir.

(41.) The Son of Glaucus King of Ephyra, whom Sthe∣nobea Wife to Praetus King of the Argives was so taken with, that She courted him to lye with her, which he re∣fusing, she accused him to her Husband of attempting her, which cost Belleroph••n abundance of troubles and dan∣gers, and hardly could he scape with life at last.

(42.) Cajus Silius who was appointed to be Consul.

(43.) The Wife of Claudius the Emperor, mention'd Sat. 6. who when Claudius went but to Ostia, would needs Marry this Cajus Silius publickly, with all the Ceremonies used at publick Marriages.

(44.) The Auspex was always present at the Marriage, and sacrificed, &c.

(45.) The Notaries were by to see the Writings sign'd and seal'd.

(46.) This is spoken to Silius.

(47.) Here he intimates that his Beauty was the cause of his death; he was afterwards Crucified by Claudius his Command, before Messalina's Eyes.

The old Scholiast makes Claudius to be by, and sign the Marriage Writings, dissembling his consent.

(48.) Tomacula were pieces of Liver and Pork inclosed in the Guts of the Hog, and like what we call Sausages.

Swine were the most Ancient Sacrifices, as Varro says.

(49.) Sardanapalus, the last King of the Assyrian Mo∣narchy, so excessively Effeminate and Luxurious, that his Captains conspired against him to kill him: But he made a Pile of all his precious things, and burn'd himself in his Palace.

(50) The labours of Hercules are so commonly spoken of, they need not be told here.

(51.) I here follow the Lovre Print, and another Edi∣tion, in little, which I have seen.

Nullum numen habes, si sit Prudentia nos te Nos facimus fortuna deam coelo{que} locamus.

which seems to express the Author's meaning better than the common reading:

Nullum numen abest si sit Prudentia sed te Nos facimus fortuna deam coelo{que} locamus.

No Deity is wanting to the Wise; We Fools make Fortune so, and place her in the Skies.

I have follow'd the former, because I think he does not mean that the Gods are always on the Wise-mens side, who are often unsuccessful; or that wise men needed no Gods, who had bidden 'em leave all to the Gods before; but that they had no need of the assistance of Fortune for a quiet life, and Fortune is no Deity to the wise, but to Fools.

Fortune thou art no Goddess to the Wise. Fools make thee so, and place thee in the Skies.

FINIS.