Mores hominum = The manners of men / described in sixteen satyrs by Juvenal, as he is published in his most authentick copy, lately printed by command of the King of France ; whereunto is added the invention of seventeen designes in picture, with arguments to the satyrs ; as also explanations to the designes in English and Latine ; together with a large comment, clearing the author in every place wherein he seemed obscure, out of the laws and customes of the Romans, and the Latine and Greek histories, by Sir Robert Stapylton, Knight.

The Manners of Men. THE FOURTEENTH SATYR OF JUVENAL. (Book 14)

The ARGUMENT.

By Parents ill examples led, Their Children are to Gaming bred, To gluttony, to rage, to lust, To getting wealth by wayes unjust; When Creatures meerly sensitive To their seed gen'rous breeding give. And Man for shame should teach to His, What Nature, and Right Reason is.

TThere are, FUSCINUS, certain stains that spoil A handsome Breeding, and fame's beauty soil In many things, which in a blood doe run: Deriv'd from the lew'd Father to the Son. Line 5

If th' Old-man dice, th' Heire in long-coats will doeLine 5 The like, and flings out of small boxes too. What better hope can any kinsman have Of Boyes, that Mushromes for the Olio shave, And drown the Beccafico's swimming in't: Taught by the knave their father; taking hintLine 10 From gray-hair'd gluttony? In their sev'nth yeare, E're all their black teeth cast, the white appear: A thousand Tutors with grave beards provide On this, as many on the other side, He will love costly suppers still, and hateLine 15 From a great Kitchin to degenerate Milde temper, that will pardon small mistakes: That servants souls and ours one matter makes: Like Elements our bodies: is this taught: Or Cruelty by RUTILUS? That's caughtLine 20 With a delight to heare whips crack their strings, And thinks no Syren half so sweetly sings: Th' ANTIPHATES, and POLIPHEME, to fright His House; pleas'd when's Tormentor, in his sight, Into's slave's forehead a hot Iron runs,Line 25 For two course napkins lost; what learn his Sons

Of him; that loves chains clinking, and to stand Spelling the letters Country Hang-men brand? Could'st thou think LARGA'S daughter would not prove A wench? whose lips so fast can never move,Line 30 Reckoning the partners in her mothers crimes, But that she must, at least, breath thirty times? She, a young child, knew when th' Adulterer Came to her mother, that's now Bawd to her: By th' old-one, are her little letters pen'd,Line 35 And she has the same messenger to send. Thus nature works us; swiftly, in a trice, We are corrupted with domestick vice, When Presidents of sin great Authors give; Perhaps one Youth or two, untainted live,Line 40 Born to despise it, whose hearts TYTAN may Have fram'd with more art, and of better clay. But others in their Parents foot-steps run, And track that beaten path they ought to shun. Let us abstain from any thing amiss;Line 45 For which one reason, and a main one, is, Lest us our Children follow: for, to fall Into foul vices we are docill all.

There is a CATILINE on every ground; A BRUTUS or a CATO no where found.Line 50 Ev'ry uncivill word, or action, barre From houses where there's Children: farre, oh farre. From thence be Wenches; and that bawdy song The Parasite will sing you, all night long. There's due unto a Child, a great respect:Line 55 If thou do'st any wickedness affect, Slight not thy tender Infant coming in, But let them stand betwixt thee and thy sin. For, should thy Child doe any thing that moves The Censor's wrath, since he not only provesLine 60 In face and body like thee, but the Son Ev'n of thy Manners: since all he hath done Is walking in thy steps; canst thou chastise And persecute him for it with thy cryes, Then disinherit him? thee what can giveLine 65 A Father's forehead, or Prerogative? That old, art worse; thy giddy head design'd For cupping-glasses, to let out the wind. When there's a Guest to come within thy dores, Thy Slaves are set to work; rub thou the floors,Line 70

Wash spots out which the Pillars beauty drown: Dry Spiders, with their Cobwebs, sweep thou down; This scoures smooth plate, that rough imbost work dryes And all with's rod the threatning Master plyes. Wretch, do'st thou fear foul Gall'ries should offend,Line 75 Or Rooms, that dogs have spoild, distaste thy friend: Though e're he come, thou might'st help ev'ry Room With pin-dust half a bushell, and one Groom? And would'st thou not thy Child thy house should see Holy and spotless, from all vices free?Line 80 'Tis by thy Friends and Country kindly took, That thou hast got a Roman: if thoul't look, That he be fit for's Country, for th' encrease Of the Republick, both in Warre and Peace. The Common-wealth minds to what arts he's broughtLine 85 By thy instruction, and what Manners taught. The Stork with desert-Snakes and Lizards breeds Her young one, on like poison (fledg'd) it feeds. From horse-flesh, Dogs, and Gibbets, Vultures spring, And to their young a piece of carrion bring:Line 90 Which is their food, when they, great Vultures grown, Chuse preys and trees to build in of their own.

But th' Eagle, and the Hawk of nobler name, Flyes in the open champain at his game: The Hare or Goat he in his Airy layes;Line 95 Thence, when his progeny strong feathers raise, They hast to tire, when hunger shall provoke, On what they fed, when first the shell was broke. CENTRONIUS was a builder; now, upon Cajeta's winding shore: on Rocks, anon,Line 100 At Tibur: in Praeneste's Mountain now, He Greek and far-fetcht Marble did allow, His Villa's lofty Battlements to crown: Which HERCULES his Temple quite put down, And Fortune's (as POSIDES SPADO lateLine 105 Put down the Capitol) whil'st in this state CENTRONIUS dwelt, he gave his wealth a strain, And broke; yet did a fair estate remain: All which his mad Son spent, whil'st he essayes New Villa's, of far richer stone, to raise.Line 110 Some one, whose Father kept the Sabbath, giv'n To worship nothing but one Pow'r of Heav'n: One that thinks mans flesh differs not a jot From Hogs flesh, which his Father tasted not; Line 115

That cuts his Prepuce, scorns the Roman Law,Line 115 And learns the Jewish, therewith kept in awe, And with precisest care observing it, By MOSES in's mysterious Volume writ: That will not, ev'n the way that he should goe, Unless to one of his Religion, show;Line 120 And of the thirsty Travellors, will bring Only the Circumcised to the Spring: His Father caus'd all this, whose seav'nth day still Was vacant, nor did his life's number fill. Yet willingly Youths follow other Ills,Line 125 To Avarice injoyn'd against their wills. For, under Virtue's shaddow and praetext This Vice deceiv's; a habit much perplext, Sad looks, sad clothes it hath; and then, who can But think the Covetous a Frugall man?Line 130 Praise him as sparing; of his wealth as sure, As if the Hesperian Dragon did secure His golden fruit? add to's description this, That such a one a man of Credit is; For so the people term him; minds his Trade:Line 135 By carefull Workmen are great fortunes made;

Although, indeed, great fortunes, by base wayes, The constant Anvill and hot Furnace raise. The Fathers then, esteem those children best, That worship wealth, and think no poor man blest;Line 140 Incouraging their issue to affect Their humor, and be Zelots of their Sect. Some Elements of vice they teach them; first Poor little Sparings: then, th' insatiate thirst Of Getting; with false measure he defeatsLine 145 His stomach, and his servants bellies cheats, Nor ever will permit them to be fed With all the mouldy crusts of his blue bread. Yesterday's Minc'd-meat, whereon he did sup, He keeps in mid-September: and layes upLine 150 Parcht Beans for his next meal, seal'd in a dish: Wherein are scraps of tainted Summer-fish, And counted blades of Leeks; to which feast some, Invited from the Bridge, would scorn to come. But, with these torments why do'st goe aboutLine 155 To scrape up wealth? 'tis madness without doubt: Plain phrenzie doth thy senseless soul bewitch, To live poor, only hoping to die rich.

Mean time, down full mouth'd bags whilst money flowes: Like money's self, the love of money growes;Line 160 Nay, he least covets it that hath it not; So that another Manor must be got, When thou art straightned in one Lordship's grounds, And 'tis thy pleasure to enlarge thy bounds. Thy Neighbour's harvest thou do'st more esteem,Line 165 For that does greater, yea, and better seem: That must be purchas'd first; and by degrees These woods; those mountains, hoar with Olive-trees. If th' owner, loath to sell, thy patience vex, By night lean Oxen, with their wearied necks,Line 170 And thy sterv'd Droves, thou send'st into his Corn: Nor come they home, till his first crop be shorn, And all his Harvest in their bellies heapt, That one would think, it were with Sickles reapt. What numbers suffer thus? 'tis not to tell,Line 175 How many such wrongs force their land to sell. But what is said? what Trumpet sounds foul fame? What hurt, sayes he, is in an evill name? Give me a bean-hull, e're the praise of all The neighb'ring Village, and my Harvest small.Line 180

As if thou should'st want sickness, grief, and strife, And better fates would lengthen out thy life; Were as much land to thee, alone, alow'd, As under TATIUS all Rome's People plow'd. In old times, when a Souldier, broke with age,Line 185 Had stood the Carthaginian War; the rage Of firy PYRRHUS, and Molossian swords: At length the State, with much adoe, affords For many wounds too acres, pay for blood And sweat: no man upon his merit stoodLine 190 As greater, nor his Country's faith accus'd, As if he had ingratefully been us'd. This glebe, the good man, the good wife that lies In Child-bed, all the Cottage did suffice: Four Infants, one Slave, and young Masters three;Line 195 The ablest of which Brothers us'd to be Most feasted; pulse was for their supper got, Which on the fire smoak't in the greatest Pot, When they came home from digging, or the plow: So much land scarce serves for a Garden now.Line 200 Hence almost springs all evill; no one sin, That to the mind of mankind enters in,

Poysons or kills more then wealth's cruell thirst? For, all men would be rich, and rich at first. But what regard of Law, what fear, what shameLine 205 In greedy rich men, flying to their aime? Live pleas'd, that you these Sheds, those Hillocks have; The Marsian, Hernick, Vestine Old-men gave This counsell to their Youth: to serve your board, The follow'd Plough will bread enough afford.Line 210 This pleases best the Country-Gods, that found, And taught us, th' Art of plowing up the ground; The sweets whereof when once we understood, We scorn'd the Oak, that bore our ancient food. They are not given to any kind of vice,Line 215 That shame not to wade through the broken Ice In Fishermens great Boots; and wear Coats lin'd With our own furres, to keep away the wind. All th' evill, all the wickedness we do, The forrein unknown Purple bring us to.Line 220 These Precepts th' Ancients gave. Now, Autumn past, The balling Father, to's Son snoaring fast At midnight, cryes, Wake boy, take paper, draw, (And look you sleep not ore't) a Case in Law; Line 225

Read th' old Law Rubricks; keep the Vine in chase,Line 225 Petitioning for a Centurion's place: Broad shoulders, hairy nostrills, uncomb'd hair, In LAELIUS the Gen'rall's Eye, shew fair: The Moorish Huts, or British Tow'rs destroy, At threescore a rich Eagle to enjoy.Line 230 If the long labour of the Camp displease, If Fifes and Cornets bring the loose disease, Buy what for as much more will sell again; Nor doe thou any Merchandize disdain, Though not on this side Tiber to be brought;Line 235 Without distinction let all ware be bought: Whether perfumes or hides thy Chapmen sell; From whence soe're it rises, Gain smells well. Repeat this Sentence, by th' old Poet writ, Worthy the strain of a Celestiall wit:Line 240 Which JOVE himself might utter, 'tis so just: No matter whence it comes, but come it must. When Boyes beg pence, old Wives this Lesson set: Girles learn it e're they learn their Alphabet. To any, who shall thus his Children school,Line 245 This I reply. Tell me, thou vainest fool,

Why spurr'st thou him? go, make a sure account: Thy Boy his Tutor shall as far surmount, As TELEMON by AJAX his brave Son, Or PELEUS by ACHILLES was out-done.Line 250 Spare thy Child, native Evill hath not fear'd His conscience yet; but when he combs his beard, And shaves, he then will a false witness come, Sell perjury for any little summe, Touch CERE'S Altar, nay her foot: For deadLine 255 Give thy poor Daught'r in Law, ev'n when she's led, Into thy fatall house, a wealthy Bride; Death, in her sleep, by thy Son's touch apply'd. Thou bid'st him gather wealth by land and seas: He finds short wayes, Great crimes are done with ease.Line 260 But thou wilt say, when 'tis too late, I lay'd No such commands, did no such thing perswade; Yet, of his wicked mind art thou the cause, From thee his damned Principles he draws: For, they that getting of great summs enjoyn,Line 265 And make their ill-taught Children doat on coyn, Bidding them, where advantage serves, deceive, Doe the whole rains unto the Chariot leave,

Which would'st thou stop, it knows not how to stay, But all bounds broke, despight thee, runs away.Line 270 None sins just so far as he hath in charge, But at his pleasure will his vice inlarge. When to thy Son thou say'st, Fools only grant A Friends suit, or relieve a Kinsman's want; Thou teachest him to spoil, to circumvent,Line 275 And by all mischiefs Riches to augment: Which with as great a zeal thou dost adore, As e're the DECII to their Country bore; To Thebes MENAECEUS; if Greece say true: In whose land, sown with Dragons teeth, there grewLine 280 Legions with swords & shields, that forthwith fought, As they along their Trumpeter had brought. That fire, by thy spark kindled, thou shalt see Flaming, devouring all: not sparing thee. The fierce young Lion, in his furious rage,Line 285 Will tear's old trembling Keeper in his cage. Although Astrologers doe thy Scheme erect, 'Tis tedious the slow distaffe to expect: He breaks thy thread, that hinders his intents, The Youth thy long and Hart-like age torments.Line 290

Send quickly, let ARCHIGENES be found, And buy what MITHRIDATES did compound: If thou wilt smell another Rose, or eat Another Fig; e're thou sitt'st down to meat, An Antidote let some, that loves, thee bring;Line 295 A Father as much needs it as a King. 'Tis Sport, the like upon no Stage hath been, Nor in the Praetor's Shew was ever seen, To note what lives are lost, a house to found: And what Chests, lin'd with gold, with iron bound,Line 300 CASTOR now watches; since MARS fell asleep, His Helmet stoln, nor could his own Goods keep. Scorn CERE'S, FLORA'S CYBEL'S Pastimes then; No Playes, no Shows, like Bus'nesses of Men. Can it so take, to see one backward stoop,Line 305 And cast his flexive body through a hoop, Or from the stretcht-out Rope appear to slip? As to see thee, in thy Corycian Ship Dwelling for South, and South-east winds to wrack, Selling thy life to buy a stinking sack?Line 310 That from old Creet to fetch fat wine do'st love, And their great Flaggons, neighbours-born to JOVE.

Yet he that so his slipp'ry footing sets, Eats by it; and the Rope his pardon gets From cold, and hunger: thou dost undertakeLine 315 Thy dangers, for a thousand tallents sake, A hundred Villa's; View the Ports, survey Seas fill'd with wracks: man's major-part at Sea: And Seamen sail where there's most hope of gain, Through the Carpathian and Getulian Main;Line 320 Nay, beyond Calpe, hear the setting Sun Into th' Herculean Ocean hissing run. For what? to bring home bags, with money swell'd; To brag of wealth, and that thou hast beheld Mermaids and Monsters; it must be confess'd,Line 325 These more then with one Fury are possess'd: As mad as he, that in his Sisters hands, The Furies haunted, with their Snakes, and brands: Or he, that when a Bull or Oxe he goard, Thought AGAMEMNON, or ULYSSES roar'd.Line 330 Though such their cloaks & coats from tearing spare; Yet they are mad-men, that so heap their ware, As to the upper Deck they cast a bank, Distinguish't from the billowes by one plank: Line 335

Vent'ring for Bullion thus, whereon they printLine 335 Small faces and inscriptions at the Mint. Lightning and Clouds oppose, weigh Anchors, cryes The Corn and Pepper-Merchant; let no skies, With their black wens, your manly hearts affright, 'Tis Summur-thunder: The poor wretch, that night,Line 340 Perhaps is cast away; and in's left hand, Or teeth, his purse and girdle bears to land. He, late, unsatisfi'd with all the Gold Down Tagus, or the bright Pactolus, rol'd; Now, glad to feed on any meat, aboutLine 345 His nakedness puts a cold crupper-clout: Whil'st for a shipwrackt man he begs an almes; And hunger with his pictur'd storm becalmes. Goods got thus hardly, with more fear and care Are kept; so wretched Money-hoarders are.Line 350 Rich LICINUS in's house still sets the watch, Trembling for fear Thieves should his Amber catch, Statues, and Pillars, which the Phrygians smooth; Broad Tortois; Elephants pure snow-white tooth: The Cynicks Tub burns not; or if it break,Line 355 Yet he, against to morrow, may bespeak

Another; or the same may serve again Plated with lead: 'twas this, which made it plain To ALEXANDER (when in that poor seat He visited DIOGENES the Great)Line 360 That he, who nothing covets, happier is Then he, that seeks to make the whole World his, His Acts and Dangers great. If Prudence be, There can be no Divinity in thee Fortune; 'tis we, we to thy Pow'r have giv'nLine 365 The name of Goddess. Yet how I would ev'n Th' accounts of wealth, if any ask, I tell. Get what cold, thirst, and hunger, may repell; What th' earth to EPICURUS did afford, Or long since serv'd at SOCRATES his board.Line 370 Nature ne're asks this thing, and Wisdome that. But these sharp rules I see thee startle at: Mix therefore something of our manners; get The sum, that's for the fourteen Benches set, By OTHO'S Law; and if this make thee frown,Line 375 And pouch thy lips out; to thy self set down Two Knight's fees: thrice four hundred, the just rates, Proportion'd for three Roman Knights Estates.

Is't not a lap-full? is a space yet void? Then, all the treasure CROESUS e're enjoy'd,Line 380 Nay ev'n the Persian Kingdome will not do: Nor all the wealth NARCISSUS rose unto, That govern'd CLAUDIUS CAESAR all his life, By him obey'd, when bid to kill his Wife.

The Comment UPON THE FOURTEENTH SATYR.

Verse 1. Fuscinus▪] This Satyr was writ to him, but who he was we know not.

Verse 9. Beccafico,] The Fig-pecker, or Ficedula, which the Italians call Beccafico: and is at this day esteemed the principall in∣gredient in the composition of a Bisk or Olio.

Verse 10. Taught by the Knave their Father.] Men doe more hurt by example, then by transgression. Cic. especially Parents. Utinam liberorum, &c. would we our selves did not corrupt the manners of our children. Wanton education, which we call indulgence, in a moment spoils Infancy, and breaks all the nerves of the mind and body. What can satisfie the appetite of a Youth, that first learned to goe alone in purple? now he knows what the purple Dye, what the Conchylium is. We are hugely pleased, if he talke rudely. Words, not allowable among Alexandrian Voluptuaries, we laugh at: and kiss the Child

for speaking of them. No marvail. We taught them; they had them of us: they see our Mistresses, or Wenches. Every Feast rings with obscene songs, and sights, which it is a shame to mention. This first makes it custome, then nature. The poor Children learn Vice, before they know it to be so. F. Quintil.

Verse 17. Small mistakes.] No man is without faults. Our Vertue is no∣thing, but a lesser proportion of Vice. Herm. Trismeg.

Verse 20 Rutilus,] A Tyrant, not a Master of a Family: such an∣other for a man, as the Mistress of Psecas was for a woman: just as she beats her Maids, he torments his men: and as Juvenal compares that Lady to the Dyonisii, the Tyrants of Sicily: so he parallels this Gentle∣man with Polyphemus the Cyclops; and the Laestrigonian King, Antiphates, both eaters of mans flesh; Rutilus being the Raw-head and Bloody-bones of his house.

Verse 28. Country Hangmen.] The Over-seers of the Slaves at work in the Country; that bastinaded, tortured, or branded them with letters burned into their foreheads, when they transgressed, or when their cruell Masters were offended. Vincti pedes, &c. fettered feet, manicled hands, branded forheads, are all usuall in the Country. Plin.

Verse 29. Larga,] A most infamous Adultress grown to be an abo∣minable Bawd.

Verse 37. Thus nature works us.] It is naturall for Children to imitate their Parents. One example of luxury or avarice does a world of harm. Se∣nec. Epist. 7.

Verse 48. Catiline,] A wicked debaucht man, that would have ruined his Country. See the Comment upon Sat. 2.

Verse 50. Brutus,] Nephew to Cato Vtican; A just sober man, like his Uncle: both ruining themselves to preserve their Country.

Verse 60. Censor,] The Judge of manners. See the Com. upon Sat. 2.

Verse 68. Cupping-glasses.] The ancient Cupping-glasses were of brass, and horn. They were applyed to mad-men. It is not amiss in a phrenzie (in case the party be not let blood before, nor come to himself, nor be able to sleep) to trepan such a Patient, or open the fore-part of his skull, and set on Cupping-glasses: which, because they lessen his fever, may bring him to sleep. Cel•• lib. 3. cap. 18.

Verse 87. The Stork with desert-Snakes.] The Stork does so good ser∣vice for the Thessalians, in killing up their Snakes, that by their Lawes he that kills one of those Birds, suffers the same punishment with him that murders a man. Plin. lib. 10.

Verse 89. Vulture.] The most harmless of all creatures; that eats no∣thing which men sow or plant, only feeds upon carcases. Destroyes no living thing; but, for affinity, forbears the very carcases of birds. Plin. It is of that strange sagacity, that, three dayes before any cattel dies, it will flye about the place where the carrion is to be. idem.

Verse 93. The Eagle,] The Prince of birds; he is said to be Thunder-bearer to Jove, because of all creatures he is never struck with Thunder, though in his flight he soares a pitch neerest to the clouds. Plin.

Verse 100. Cajeta,] A Port-town in Campania, not farre from Baiae, built in memory of Cajeta Nurse to Aeneas. Virg. Aeneid. lib. 7. But Strab. lib. 5 sayes, it was named Cajeta from the crookedness of the shoar; all crooked things being called in the Laconick Dialect 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.

Verse 101. Tibur.] See the Comment upon Sat. 3.

Verse 101. Praeneste.] See the same Comment.

Verse 105. Posides Spado] Freed-man to Claudius Caesar; so gratious with his Master, that, in his triumph for Britain, he bestowed upon him

the Hasta pura, a Spear without a Pike; one of the greatest honours which a Souldier could receive for service; adding the government of Judeae, where his Master made him his Lievtenant-generall; and likewise gave him the priviledge to be carried in a Closse-chair, and to set forth publick Shows. He built at Baiae that princely Fabrick, called the Pos∣sidonian Bath. I suppose he built another at Rome, that shewed like an Imperiall Palace; because my Author sayes, that as Centronius put down the Temple of Hercules at Tibur, with the House which he there built, and likewise the Temple of Fortune at Praeneste, with another Building in that Town: so Posides Spado outvied the Capitol, with the House which he built not far from it.

Verse 118. Moses.] Qui docebat, &c. That taught, how the Aegyptians were not in the right, that worshipped God in the Images of beasts: nor the Graecians, that gave to their Gods the figures of men; and that Power only to be God, which comprehends us, the Earth, and Sea: which Power we call the Heaven, the World, and universall Nature. To make whose Image like to one of us, really none but a mad-man would presume. Strab. lib. 16.

Verse 120. Vnless to one of his Religion.] To this very day, the Jewes will doe no reall civility unto any but of their own Nation and Religion: which they love so much as to lend them money gratis; all others must pay interest.

Verse 123. His Father caus'd all this,] Whose Jewish Tenets are he∣reditary to the Son. Aegyptii, &c. The Aegyptians worship many Animals and Images made by hands. The Jewes worship only in spirit, and conceive one God, holding them to be profane that make Images of perishing matter, in the form of Men for God, the supreme and eternall Power, neither mutable

nor mortall: Therefore they have no Images in their Cities, nor in their Tem∣ples. Tacit. Hist. lib. 5.

Verse 132. Hesperian Dragon.] See the Comment upon Sat. 5.

Verse 154. The Bridge.] Where Beggars waited for the charity of Passengers. Sat. 5.

Is there no Hole? no Bridge?—

Verse 184. Tatius,] Generall of the Sabines, that, by the treachery of the Vestall Virgin Tarpeia (as in the Comment upon Sat 6.) took the Capitol. After he had got that advantage of the Romans, and often fought them with various successes, upon the intercession of the Sabine wo∣men, as aforesaid, he made a Peace, and put it in his Conditions, That the Sabines should be free of the City, and he himself Partner with Ro∣mulus in the government of Rome; whose Territory extended not then to any great quantity of Acres, as appears Sat. 8. by the adven∣ture of Claelia.

—the Maid, that courage found To swim o're Tiber, then our Empire's bound.

But, the Kinsmen of Tatius having affronted the Laurentine Embassadors, and Tatius not righting them, according to the Law of Nations, the pu∣nishment due to his Kinsmen fell upon himself. For, he Sacrificing at Lavinium, the whole City were insurrectors, and killed him. Liv.

Verse 187. Pyrrhus,] King of Epire: descended, by the Mother, from Achilles: by the Father, from Hercules. He was strangely preserved in his infancy, and bred in Macedon by Glaucias of Megara, by him restored to his Fathers Kingdome at seventeen years of age. Whilst he returned from Epire into Macedon, to marry his beloved Mistress, Daughter to Glaucias; his Subjects, the Molossians, again rebelled, and set up another

Family in his Throne. Having lost his Crown, and with it his Friends, he fled to his Sister Deidamia's Husband, Demetrius, Son to Antigonus: and commanded under him, at the great battail where all the Kings, that divided Alexander's conquests, were ingaged. There he, though a young man, had the honor, where he fought, to worst the Enemy. In Aegypt he grew so great a Courtier, that Queen Berenice's Daughter, Antigona, loved and married him, and won her Mother to move the King her Step-father, for money and forces, to reestablish her Husband in his Kingdome. Entring Epire with an Army, he found his People weary of their present Governor, Neoptolemus, all came in to their King. But Pyrrhus, fearing that Neoptolemus would follow his example, and get some forrein Prince to espouse his quarrell, divided the Crown with him. Soon after, discovering that his Brother-King had a plot upon his life, Pyrrhus invited him to Supper, and there killed him. In memory of his Patron and Patroness, the King and Queen of Aegypt, he called his Son by Antigona, Ptolemey: and the City he built in Epire, Berenice. Lysi∣machus, hearing of this signall Gratitude, made use of Ptolemey's name to cajoll, or put a trick upon Pyrrhus, having then undertaken the quar∣rell of Alexander, Brother to Antipater, both Sons to Cassander. The con∣tents of the Letter were, That Antipater desired Pyrrhus to receive there∣with three hundred talents, to forbear all acts of hostility against him. But the direction was, King Ptolemey to King Pyrrhus: whereas he ever used to write, The Father to his Son, greeting. By this means, the cheat of the counterfeit Letter and Token was found out. He was ready not only to intress himself in this difference between the Sons of Cassander, but im∣braced any opportunity of warre, being ambitious to make himself the universall Monarch. The Successors of Alexander used him, to ballance

the power of Demetrius, whom he beat out of Macedon. The Tarentines called him into Italy; where he turned the effeminate Tarentines into good Souldiers, and almost brought the warlike Romans upon their knees: for, twice he fought the Consul Dentatus, and at those two bat∣tails slew threescore thousand Romans. After his restless ambition had carried him from the East to the West, and back again by Sicily to Ma∣cedon, from thence to Sparta, and at last to Argos: A poor Argive woman, seeing her Son's life at the mercy of his sword, with both her hands flung a tyle at him, which hitting between the helmet and the head, broke his skull, and killed him. He was, in the opinion of great Souldiers, the grea∣test, next to Alexander, that ever the world had. Antigonus being asked whom he held to be the best Generall? answered, Pyrrhus; if he had li∣ved to be old. But, for conduct and policy, Hannibal gave the first place to Pyrrhus, the second to Scipio, the third to himself. The Officers of his Army, when he fought a battail, observing his looks, celerity and motion, said, Other Kings were like Alexander in their State and Courts, but Pyr∣rhus in his armes and in the field. And when they gave him the surname of the Eagle, he said , that I am so; I owe you for it: how can I be less then an Eagle, that have your Swords for Wings He was bountifull to his friends, moderate in his anger towards his enemies; and when obligations were laid upon him, extremely gratefull. Calumny he sleighted: for, when some moved him to banish from Ambracia one that had railed against him: no said he, It is better that he should tarry here, and slander me in one Town, then all the world over. Upon the same account another being un∣der examination, he asked him, Were these your words? the Examinant said, Yes Sir, and I should have spoke more bitterly, if we had drank more wine. Pyrrhus was satisfied with this answer, and discharged the man. Indeed

he held himself concerned in nothing but warre and victory: for, even when he had taken a cup or two extraordinary, a friend asking, whether he thought Pytho or Caphisias the best Musitian? he answered, Polysper∣chon is a good General. Plut in Pyrrh.

Verse 189. For many wounds two Acres.] The Consull Dentatus him∣self, after Pyrrhus was beaten out of Italy, accepted seaven Acres, given him by the State. Columel.

Verse 203. Wealth's cruel thirst,] That, like Death, spares no body. Intelligi, &c. It may be easily conceived, that no obligation can be so holy, or solemn, which avarice will not dispense with. Cic.

Verse 208. The Marsian, &c.] To be contented with their poor Cot∣tages and Hillocks: not to build Palaces, and purchase Appulian Moun∣tains: was counsell, given to their Children, by the ancient Country peo∣ple of Italy; the Marsians neer to Alba: their neighbours, the poor Her∣nicks, between Alba and Lavinium: and the Vestines, between the Sabines and the Marsians.

Verse 211. Country-Gods.] Tellus and Ceres, that taught Husbandry, and how to force out of the Earth a better food, then was known in the gol∣den age. Sat. 6.

Whil'st man acrons belcht—

Verse 225. Law Rubricks,] Titles of old Lawes writ in red letters.

Verse 225. Vine.] The Vine-battoon, wherewith the Centurions bela∣boured the sides of their lazy Souldiers; as my Author instances in C. Marius, beaten with the Vine, when he was the Camp-Carpenter. Sat. 8.

Verse 230. At threescore a rich Eagle] The covetous Father tells his Son, that if he will endure the hardship of the warre, till he be threescore

years of age, he may then get to be Standart-bearer, a place of little dan∣ger and great profit.

Verse 235. On this side Tiber.] Beyond Tiber, or at the Roman bank∣side (would it were so in all great Cities) dwelt the men of sordid or noi∣some Trades, as Tanners, Fish-mongers, Diers, Bruers, &c. Mart. lib. 6.

Non detracta cani Transtiberina cutis. Not a Transtib'rine skin flead from a Dog.

Verse 238. Gain smells well.] He alludes to the answer of Vespasian Cae∣sar, made to his Son Titus, that moved against the raising of money by Taxes or Excise laid upon Urine. Vespasian, pulling out of his pocket a new minted piece of gold, asked, How smells it Titus? he replied, very well Sir: yet, said Vespasian, this came out the Pis-pot. Suet.

Verse 242. No matter whence it comes.] The whole verse is quoted out of the old Poet Ennius.

Verse 249. As Telamon by Ajax.] My Author sayes, A Child that receives base precepts of thrift from his Father, will, when he comes to be a man, goe as farre beyond his Instructor in villany, as Ajax or Achilles transcended their Fathers in gallantry and honour. Thus they were derived.

• ...Jupiter.
  • ...Aeacus.
    • ...Telamon.
      • ...Ajax.
    • ...Peleus.
      • ...Achilles.

Verse 255. Touch Ceres Altar.] Whereunto no Wanton durst (once) approach, much less a perjured person. See the Comment upon Sat. 6.

Verse 258. By thy Son's touch.] A crime charged by M. Caecilius upon Calphurnius Bestia. Plin.

Verse 279. Menaeceus,] Son to Creon King of Thebes. When the City was besieged by the Argives, the Oracle promised, that Thebes should not be taken, if the last of the Family of Cadmus would voluntarily die. Menaeceus, thinking himself concerned, fell upon his own sword. Cic. 2. Tuscul. Others say, the Prophet Tiresius told Menaeceus that Thebes should be impregnable, never to be conquered, if he would goe to the Dragon's Den, and there sacrifice his own life: whereupon, unknown to his Father, he stole thither and slew himself. Juvenal puts a dubious mark upon this History, because the Grecians write, That Cadmus, the killer of the Dragon, sowed his teeth in ploughed lands, where they pre∣sently sprung up in squadrons of armed men, that fought, and killed one another. Ovid. Metam. lib. 3.

Verse 290. Hart-like.] The Hart lives nine hundred years, as some say: but all know, he is very long liv'd. Vita cervi &c. the longavity of Harts is evident, some having been taken, after a hundred years, with Gold Collars about their necks, put on by Alexander the great, and covered over with meer fat. Plin. lib. 8. cap. 32. where you may read an excellent de∣scription of the Hart.

Verse 291. Archigines,] A greek Phisitian, as aforesaid, in high esteem with the Romans, that like us (and almost all nations whatsoever) value Strangers more then Natives: but Gallen often inveighs against him: per∣haps he might have a Peek to Archigenes, and hate him, upon the same

reason that made his Country-men admire him, viz. because he was a stranger, only with this addition, that the stranger intrenched upon his practice:

Verse 292. Mithridates.] See the end of the Comment upon Sat. 6.

Verse 301. Castor.] See the Comment upon Sat. 13. To his Temple in Rome, great monyed men removed their iron-barred Chests; from the Temple in the Forum Augusti, dedicated to Mars the Revenger: where Thieves had broke in, that robbed the Merchants, and spared not Mars himself: for they stole away his Helmet.

Verse 303. Ceres.] See the Comment upon Sat. 6. The Pastimes, or Pageants, carried about the Circus in honour of Ceres, were showed in this manner. The stealing away of Proserpine, and the lamentation of Ceres was acted by Roman Ladies, habited all in white. The Pomp of this solemn Show is thus set down in all particulars by Tertul. de Spect. cap. 7. Simulachrorum series, &c. 1. The Gods Images. 2. The Effigies of great persons. 3. Chariots of State, empty. 4. Chariots filled with the Gods Images. 5. VVaggon-Chariots, wherein were placed the figures of riding Gods. Alex ab Alex. lib. 2. cap. 30. 6. Chairs of State. 7. Crowns. The last, Spoils taken from the Enemy. Ovum in Cerealis Pompae, &c. The principall ingredient that made up the Cereall Pomp was an Egge. Hesp. de orig. fest. Rosin. lib. 5. cap. 14. Alex. ab Alex. lib. 6. cap. 19. The reason of providing an Egge, as I conceive, was that which made them set up the Ovall Tower in the Circus. Sat. 6.

—at th' Ovall Tow'r, before the rounds O'th' Dolphin-pillars—

viz. in memory of Castor and Pollux, hatched out of Eggs: The Dolphin-Pillars were erected in honour of Neptune.

Verse 303. Flora's.] Of the Florall Shows we have spoke in the Com∣ment upon Sat. 6. and likewise of Cybel's or the Ludi Megalenses.

Verse 308. Corycian Ship,] Bound for Corycium, a Promontory in Creet, where Jupiter was born: there to be laded with Jupiter's neigh∣bours, great Flaggons, and wine to fill to them, called by the Romans Pas∣sum; made of withered grapes, dried in the Sun: which insolation brought the liquor to be sweet and fatning.

Verse 320. Carpathian.] The Carpathian Sea goes beyond Rhodes, Creet, and Cyprus; and is so named from the Island Carpathus, lying be∣tween Rhodes and Creet.

Verse 320. Getulian.] The Straits of Gibraltar, where the two Hercu∣lean Pillars stand, Calpe on the Spanish side, and Abila on the Libyan Coast. These Pillars in my Authors time (as in the beginning of Sat. 10.) were believed to be the farthest west, by the vulgar; which sailing be∣yond the Straits, would conceive themselves to hear the Sun's burning Chariot set hissing in the Herculean Ocean.

Verse 327. He.] Orestes, that imagined himself haunted with his Mother's Ghost, and her guard of Furies, shaking their snaky locks, and flourishing their Torches: as in the beginning Comment upon Sat. 1.

Verse 329. Or he.] Ajax, that (being evicted by the Sentence of A∣gamemnon, in the Suit between him and Vlysses, for the Armes of A∣chilles) ran mad, routing the Cattel, doing execution upon Oxen, which he called Agamemnon and Vlysses: recovering his wits, it was his fate, ratione insanire, to fall into a sober madness, and for shame to kill himself. See the Coment upon Sat. 7.

Verse 342. Purse and Girdle.] The Merchants best Purse was his Girdle; wherein he sowed up his gold; and if he were shipwrackt, he held

his Girdle in his teeth or with his left hand, and with his right swam to land.

Verse 344. Tagus and the bright Pactolus] For Tagus, see the Com∣ment upon Sat. 3. Pactolus in Lydia is such another golden River, spring∣ing upon the Mountain Tmolus, and falling into the River Hermus. Strab. & Dionys. it runs by Sardes. Dion. Prus. It was formerly called Chry∣soras, because it runs with golden sands. Solin.

Verse 348. Pictur'd storm.] The rich Merchant had the landtscap of his shipwrack limn'd to be hung up in some Temple, as you may see in the Designe before Sat. 12. The poor man had his drawn by some poor Painter; and holding it before his breast (as Beggers here hold their Certificates) he moved the charitable people, so Juvenal here tells us: a mock figure of it you have in the Frontispice, before the breast of the twelvth Satyr.

Verse 351. Rich Licinus.] See the end of the Comment upon Sat. 1.

Verse 355. The Cynick.] Diogenes, Scholar to Antisthenes, and institutor of the Cynicall Sect. He was born in Pontus, at the City of Sinopis, about the third year of the ninty first Olympiad. His own name was Cleon. Suid. His Fathers name was Icesius or Icetes, an Exchanger of money. In his youth, by his Father's example, he was so ambitious of getting mo∣ney, that he put the question to the Oracle, How he might come to be a great monyed man? it was answered, by coining; at least he understood it so. He obeyed the direction, was taken in the manner, and banished: or else suspected, and forced to flye his Country. Only one Slave attended him, called Manes, that soon after ran away from him. And when some advised, that he should lay the County for his Slave, No, said he, If Manes want not Diogenes, it is a shame for Diogenes to want Manes.

When he came to Athens no Begger could be poorer, all his Wardrobe was a double Cloak, which he wore in the day time, and used for a Bed at night; lying upon it, either in Jove's Portico, or in the Pompaeum; both which he said the Athenians built for his Dormitories. All day he stood at the gates of some of the Poets, or at the dore of his Master An∣tisthenes, that, having commanded none of his Scholars should trouble him at present, bid Diogenes be gone, or he would beat him away: In stead of going back, Diogenes put his head in a dores, and said, You have no cudgell hard enough, to beat Diogenes from your house. This answer made him welcome to Antisthenes ever after. Being bound for Aegina in his old age (when he had a Staffe to his Wallet) he was taken by the Pirate Scirpalus, that carried him to sell in Creet: and when the Cryer made his Oyez, If any man want a Slave—you rogue, said Diogenes, cry, If any man want a Master. As soon as Xeniades the Corinthian had bought him, he said, Now Sir, look you doe as I command you: What? said Xeniades, Would rivers run upward? why (answered Diogenes) If you had bought a Physitian, would you not follow his advice? For these and such like words he had his freedome given him, together with the tuition of his Master's Children. His dwelling was a Tub, that could not be in danger of fire, because it was made of clay baked by the Potter, like the pleasure-boat of an Aegyptian. Sat. 15.

—that floats, Row'd with short Oares, in painted earthen boats.

In Winter he turned the mouth of his Tub to the South, in Summer to the North; as the Roman Volupuarie turned his Dining-roome. Sat. 7.

Which on Numidian Pillars round must run, Where North and West cool th' East and Southern Sun.

Alexander the Great found Diogenes in this posture at Cranium in Co∣rinth, sunning of himself. Alexander, being then upon his expedition a∣gainst the Persian, was so taken with his manner of life and way of beg∣ing, that he bid him, Ask something of Alexander; Diogenes said, I have but one suit to make, that you would not stand between me and the Sun. Alas poor man, said Alexander. Poor, replied Diogenes; Which of us two is poor∣rer, I, that am content with my Tub, Staffe, and Wallet; or you, that covet the possession of the whole Earth? This answer makes Juvenal give him Alexander's title, calling him Diogenes the Great: for which he had A∣lexander's own authority, that departing from the Cynick, said to his Followers, If I were not Alexander, I would be Diogenes. Plut. When his Friends saw he could not live, they asked him, Where will you be bu∣ried? he said, I care not for being buried at all. Will you then, said they, be devoured by the Doggs and Crows? By no means, he replied: Set my staffe by me, I will beat away the Doggs and the Crows. They told him, he could not doe that, when no sense was in his body. No sense, said he, then what need I care where it be laid? He died in the nintith year of his Age, the very same day that Alexander died at Babylon. His opinion was, That good habits both of body and mind were acquirable by Corporall and Philosophicall exercises.

Verse 363. If Prudence be.] These verses conclude the tenth Satyr; and had not been repeated here, but to make a better impression of them in the erronious mindes of men, that prefer Fortune before Wisdome.

Verse 369. Epicurus,] That lived upon roots and herbs. See the Com∣ment upon Sat. 11.

Verse 370 Socrates.] In a great plague at Athens, only Socrates esca∣ped the infection, by his temperance and frugality. Laert. See the begin∣ning of the Comment upon Sat. 2.

Verse 375. Otho's Law.] See the Comment upon Sat. 3.

Verse 380. Croesus,] That expected, Solon should have fallen down and worshipped him for his wealth. See the Comment upon Sat. 10. tit. Solon.

Verse 381. Persian Kingdome.] How rich it was before the Macedo∣nians plundered it, you may read in Justin.

Verse 382. Narcissus.] See the end of the Comment upon Sat. 10.