Mores hominum = The manners of men / described in sixteen satyrs by Juvenal, as he is published in his most authentick copy, lately printed by command of the King of France ; whereunto is added the invention of seventeen designes in picture, with arguments to the satyrs ; as also explanations to the designes in English and Latine ; together with a large comment, clearing the author in every place wherein he seemed obscure, out of the laws and customes of the Romans, and the Latine and Greek histories, by Sir Robert Stapylton, Knight.

The Manners of Men. THE NINTH SATYR OF JUVENAL. (Book 9)

The ARGUMENT.

A Dialogue the Poet frames; Where poor lewd Naevolus declames, That nothing now th' Vnchaste bestow, But poyson, when they jealous grow. For fear whereof, he silence prayes; But stones will tell, the Poet sayes: Gives him good counsell, but in vain; So jeers, and leavs him to complain.

POet.

Why NAEVOLUS, thou still com'st lowring so, Like vanquish't MARSIAS, I would gladly know? What dost thou doe with RAVOLA'S strange look, When, with his beard all froath, the Slave was took Line 5

Licking of RHODOPE, and stood in fear,Line 5 Of sawce for sweet-meats, a sound box o'th' eare? CREPERIUS POLLIO made not such a face, When, to seek fools, he went from place to place Promising trebble use: and found not one, In all the Town, that would be wrought upon.Line 10 How on a sudden did these wrinkles grow? Late with a little thou mad'st such a show Thou seemd'st a kinde of Slavish Knight; our feasts Rung with thy sharp and those no Country-jests. All's altered; melancholy clouds thy brow,Line 15 Thy hair's a dry Wood; Thy skin shines not now As when warme birdlime sleek't it; now thy thighes Are rough, thy Coppice-haire neglected lies. How cam'st thou by th' old sickman's jaundice, whom A quartan feaver hath long kept at home?Line 20 Thy frail flesh joy and griefe of spirit knowes: Both which thy face, in divers habits, showes. May be, thy former course thou do'st forsake, And quite another way thy voyage make; For, late (I take it) when our prayers were se'dLine 25 To ISIS, Peace and her fair GANYMED:

And at the Chappell built to entertaine The Mother of the Gods: and in the Fane Of CERES (for what Temple may not we Have Wenches at) none was cry'd up like thee:Line 30 The Wives did not AUFIDIUS so much woo; And would'st thou tell, so did their husbands too.

Naevolus.

Sir, 'tis a thriving Trade to many men; But I got nothing by it: now and then A greasie Cloake, or Gown the Dyers spoil'd:Line 35 Course cloath, in dressing which French Fullers toil'd; Or some base silver of the second veine. Fates govern men; Fates in parts secret reign; For, if good Stars their influx countermand, Thy unknown length shall for a Cipher stand:Line 40 Though VIRRO bathing tickle at thy sight, Or though a thick-writ Letter thee invite, Whereto he in a post-script may annex Some Greeke Caresses, to allure his sex. No monster like a cov'tous Pathick whore;Line 45 I gave thee this, then thus much, and then more: He counts and kisses; let's cast up the sums, Boy bring the notes, you see in all it comes

To six Sestertia. Reckon now my pains: Is't easie when a handsome — one strainsLine 50 Into a stinking —, and there shall greet The Bowels, and the last night's supper meet? I hold him to be more a Slave, that's bound To digge his Master, then his Masters ground. Yet you Sir, think your self compos'd for love,Line 55 Design'd for heav'n, fit to give wine to JOVE. Poor Parasites must look for nothing sure, When you'll not pay us, that your itchings cure. Lo here, to whom the green UMBRELLA went, To whom the goodly Amber boll was sentLine 60 On his birth-day, or when the humid Spring Did with it self the female Calends bring: When, Carpets laid beneath his feet, he sate And view'd his Presents in a Chair of state. Say Sparrow, who shall heir those mountain-heights,Line 65 All those Appulian Valleys: all those Kites Weary'd with flying o're thy land? Rare Wines Thy Cellars fill, from fruitfull Trifoline Vines, The Misene Precipice, bleak Gauran hills; No man with long-liv'd Must more Hogs-heads fills.Line 70

What wer't, if thou to thy spent Client gave Some acres? wer't not better he should have The Country-Child, his Mother, and their Shed, And Dog, that still their Play-fellow was bred? Then that all these a Legacie should raiseLine 75 For thy Comrade, that on the Cymbals playes? Thou art not honest when thou ask'st, saies he, But aske, my Boy and House-rent cry to me: My one Boy, like to POLYPHEM'S one eye, For whose large Orbe ULYSSES was too sly;Line 80 Another must be bought, one will not doe My businesse, and then I must diet two. When Winter comes, what shall I doe I pray? What to my Boyes bare Legs and Shoulders say, When them cold-breath'd December shall benumb,Line 85 Have patience and the Grashopper will come? But to dissemble, and let pass the rest; How rat'st thou it, and I was still thy prest Devoted Client, that but for my ayd, Thy Wife untill this hour had been a Maid:Line 90 By what waies I was wrought upon, thou know'st, And what upon thy Promises thou ow'st.

Oft in my armes the flying Maid I caught, When she to tear the new-seal'd Writings sought. Whil'st at the dore thou whind'st, I wrought thy ends,Line 95 And scarce my whole night's labour made you friends. Witness the pretty little bed, whose creak Thou heard'st, and with it heard'st thy Lady squeak. The marriage knot, crack't, ready to divide, Th' Adult'rer hath in many houses ty'd;Line 100 Now, first or last, what can'st thou count upon? False and ingratefull, is't no merit? none, That I for thee a Boy or Girle beget? Which thou maist breed, and in our Records set Proofs that thou art a man: thy gates adornLine 105 With Garlands, now to thee is issue born. What I have given thee, stops the mouth of fame; Besides the priviledges Fathers claim, That thou art made an Heir, thou ow'st to me: The sweet Caducum too I purchase thee;Line 110 Nay, 'tis to thee much more advantage yet, If three, the legall number, I beget.

Poet.

Thou hast, poor NAEVOLUS, just cause to griev.

Naev.

And then, Sir, when he should my wants reliev, Line 115

As a neglected thing he lets me pass,Line 115 And seeks himself a new two-footed Asse. Be sure you never doe this trust reveal, But in your bosom my complaints conceal. For, your smooth CYNAED is the deadliest foe: So jealous of his secret; what we know,Line 120 As if it were betray'd, inflames his ire: Hee'll stab, or brain us, or our houses fire; Nor doubt, where so much riches doe abound, That any want of poyson will be found. My Counsel therefore keep as closely hid,Line 125 As theirs the Court of MARS at Athens did.

Poet.

O fool! fool! do'st imagine rich men can Have any secret? though the Serving-man, Prove silent, Truth from Beasts will speech compell: The dogs, the posts, the marble stones will tell.Line 130 Thy window shut, o're crannies hangings lay, Lock double dores, and take the lights away; Let all give charge that none lye neer thee; yet, What thou shalt in thy Bed-chamber commit, Ev'n when the Cock the second time shall crow,Line 135 E're it be day, shall the next Tavern know:

And hear crimes that were not committed; lyes That Spinners, Carders, Master-Cooks devise; Who care not what they 'gainst their Lord compose, When with their rumors they revenge his blowes.Line 140 Some will way-lay thee, nay enforce thee hear, And being drunk themselves, make drunk thy ear. Intreat their secresie, as thou do'st mine, They'd rather tell it, than steal Falern Wine: Or then out-quaffe those Cups LAUFELLA takes,Line 145 When for the People she her Off'ring makes. We must for many causes live upright, But chiefly that we Servants tongues may slight: For of th'ill People that to us belong, The part that is most evill is the Tongue.Line 150 And yet that Lord's condition is far worse That fears the men which eat upon his Purse.

Naev.

Good Counsel, to scorn Servants tongues, I've learn'd: But Gen'ralls, wherein all men are concern'd; What to my self, in my peculiar Trade,Line 155 Now time and hope are lost, wilt thou perswade? For, this fair Flow'r goes swiftly to decay, Poor wretched Life's short portion hasts away.

Whil'st we drink, noynt, wench, and put Garlands on: Old-age steals on us, never thought upon.Line 160

Poet.

Fear not, thou'lt ner'e want Pathick friends, so long As these Hills stand and flourish; all will throng To Rome, by Boat and Coach, to make this Match, That their Heads neatly with one finger scratch, Another hope may rise, and that more great,Line 165 Only doe thou provoking Rocket eat.

Naev.

You speak to happy men; my fates would joy, If all my trading might my teeth imploy: O my poor Lars, I offer to your powers A little incense, bran, and wreaths of Flowers.Line 170 When shall the fortune I attain be such, Will keep me from the Hovell and the Crutch? For Int'rest-money, when shall I receive Thousands, for which the Rogues good pawns shall leave? Have Silver-Vessels, pure illegall Plate,Line 175 Such as FABRICIUS censur'd for the weight? And two young Hackney-Maesians at command, Safe in the clam'rous Circus me to land. A croked Graver, and another Knave Paints Faces in a trice? these would be brave.Line 180

But I poor wretch must of such hopes despair; For, when to fortune I doe make my prayer, Her ears against me with that wax she arms, Which sav'd ULYSSES from the Syrens charms.

The Comment UPON THE NINTH SATYR.

VErse 2. Marsyas.] A rare Piper, born at Celaenae, once the chief City of Phrygia: Lucan.

Lugent damnatae Phoebo victore Celaenae. Condemn'd Celaenae for Sol's Conquest mourns,

as if the very Town put on the looks of their fellow Citizen Marsyas, that (having sawcily presumed to challenge Phoebus at the Pipe invented by Minerva) was vanquished and condemed to be flead alive: Ovid. lib. 6. Fast. No marvel if he looked scurvily, after such a Sentence passed upon him by victorious Apollo.

Verse 5. Rhodope.] Rhodope was a famous Curtezan of Thrace, fel∣low-Bondslave to Aesop the Fable-maker. She was redeemed for a great summe of money by Charaxus (Brother to Sapho the Poetess) that fell in love with Rhodope; and after he had spent all the rest of his fortunes upon her, turned Pyrate: but she, raising her self upon the ruins of him and other such fools, came to be so infinite rich, that she built a Pyramid: Plin. lib. 30 cap. 12. Juvenal uses her name for a Roman Curtezan.

Verse 7. Crepereius Pollio.] A broken Citizen of Rome, and one that all the Town knew to be a Bankrupt.

Verse 16. Thy hair's a dry wood.] Debauched Naevolus wanted mo∣ney to buy unguents for his hair, so to put his head into the mode; for, the Romans poudered not as we doe, but annointed their heads; yet take notice, that he lived before the siege of Naples, for his hair stuck on.

Verse 26. Isis,] That her Temple in Rome stood neer to the old Pa∣lace of Romulus, by my Author called the old Sheepcoat, you see in Sat. 6. a vertuous place it was, the Mart for Bawds and Whores to drive their bargains: See the figure of the Temple of Isis in the Designe before this Satyr, and the history of that Goddess in the Comment upon Sat. 6.

Verse 26. Peace.] The Temple of Peace, wherein Vespasian Caesar had set up the Statue of Ganymed.

Verse 28. The Mother of the Gods.] Cybele, that after she was brought out of Phrygia to Rome, and there for some time had been a private Guest to Scipio Nasica, the Republick built a Chappel to entertain her, which was now converted to such pious uses as the Temple of Isis, and of Ceres, formerly a Goddess dreadfull to sinners: See the Comment upon Sat. 6.

Verse 31. Aufidius,] A notorious lusty Grecian, gracious with most of the rich and wanton Romans: Mart.

Acrior hoc Chius non erat Aufidius. Chian Aufidius was no sharper Knave.

Verse 41. Virro] One of the Sect that worshiped the Good Goddess the contrary way: See the Comment upon Sat. 2.

Verse 62. Female Calends.] Upon the Calends or first day of March (being according to the Roman account the birth-day of Venus) they ce∣lebrated the Matronalia, or female feasts: during which time the Beau∣ties

of Rome, dressed up in all their splendour, sate in Chaires that stood upon Carpets, and received rich presents from their Husbands or Ser∣vants. This Ceremony was imitated by Pathick Virro: and his poor Ido∣lator Naevolus must be at the charge of modish Offerings, Umbrella's, Fannes, Amber-bolls and the like.

Verse 68. Trifoline.] The Trifoline Vineyards, and those upon the Gauran Hills and the Misene Promontory, were all in Campania, and all their Vintages, excellent Wine: Mart.

Non sum de primo, fallor Trifolina, Lyaeo, Inter Vina tamen septima vitis ego. I Trifoline am cozen'd, the best wine I have not, but I bring forth the sev'nth Vine.

Certant Massica aeque ex monte Gaurano Puteolos Baias{que} prospectantia: The Massick Vine is full as good that comes from the Gauran Hills, over∣looking Puteoli and Baiae: Plin. lib. 14. cap. 9.

Verse 79. Thy Comrade] Cybel's Priest, that playes upon the Cim∣bals till Sack silence him and them: as in the Designe before Sat. 8. but then he played to the unthrift Damasippus, of whom there was nothing to be got but Sack. Now he playes to wealthy Virro, in hope to cozen him out of his estate, as his Predecessors the Corybantes cozened Saturn, that he should not hear the cry of his own Child: much less shall Virro hear the bawling of his man Naevolus, but bequeath all to his boon Companion the Archigallus or Priest of Cybel: See the Comment upon Sat. 2. & 8.

Verse 79. Polypheme.] Polyphemus the Cyclops, Son to Neptune by Thoosa, Daughter to Phorcys. He was a huge man-monster, and had but one eye, in the midst of his forehead: but his Mother had not so much; for, she and her two Sisters had but one eye amongst them all.

He fell in love with the Nymph Galatea: and from a steep rock broke the neck of his Favourite Acis, because he was jealous that his Mistress loved the Youth better then himself. When Vlysses by a storm was cast upon the coast of Sicily, he eat up six of his Mates, and would have de∣voured the rest, if their Captain had not been too subtill for him: but Vlysses foxed him with black wine, and when he was in a dead sleep, got a fire-stick and burned out his one eye: Homer 10. Odyss. Virg. Aeneid. 3. Many say Polyphemus had but one eye, some that he had two, others three; but 'tis all fabulous. For he was a prudent man, and therefore said to have an eye in his head neer his brains. But Vlysses was wiser then he, by whom he was said to be blinded, that is, over-reached: Serv.

Verse 104. Our Records] The names of Fathers that had Children were recorded in the Aerarium or Chequer-Office. The original of this Inrollment was from Servius Tullius, that to ascertain the number of Births and Burials, ordered that when a child was born, the kindred of the child should bring a piece of money into the Aerarium of Juno Lucina; and so likewise into the Exchequer of Venus Libitina when any died or came to age. This Custome, quite abolished, was revived by Augustus Caesar at the birth of children: Lips. in Tacit.

Verse 109. Heir] A Roman could not be Heir to his Wife unless he had a Child by her. And whereas Bachellors were fined for their con∣tempt of Marriage: Fathers had right to stand for civil Magistracy, to cast lots for Provinces, and to be Heirs by VVill. Tacit.

Verse 110. Caducum.] Caducum, by Cujacius out of Vlpian, is defined to be that which is left to a person by Law capable to receive, but yet for some respects devolves from him to the Exchequer after the Testators death. Of this there were two sorts: The one, when the gift to an Heir

or Legatee (that died before the Testator, or opening of the Will) came to the Prince. This was enacted by the Law Papia Popaea (made to sup∣ply Augustus Caesar with money, the publick Coffers being exhausted by the Civil Wars) and abrogated by Justinian: Lib. 6. Cod. Justin. Tit. 1. The other sort was when the Prince had by the Law Julia and Popaea that which was left by VVill to such as were unmarried, if they did not marry within ten dayes after the Testators death: And half that was so conferred to such as was married, but had no Children, in case the man was 25 years of age, or the woman 20, except it was given by their Kin∣dred, which Cujacius thinks extended to the sixt degree. This Law was repealed by Constantinus, Constantius and Constans: lib. 8. Cod. Justin. Tit. 58. And to this the Poet here hath reference. The Servant telling his Master, amongst other good turns he had done him, that by him he was put in a condition to receive.

—Nec non & dulce Caducum. The sweet Caducum too.

Verse 112. Three] Jus trium liberorum, The Law of three Children freed a man from being Ward, gave him precedency in election to Of∣fices in the Common-wealth, trebbled his measure of Corn in the pub∣lick allowance: this Pliny the Consul obtained of the Emperor Trajan for his friend Tacitus: Plin. Epist.

Verse 126. The Court of Mars.] The Areopagus; where those severest and most just Judges the Areopagites gave sentence, and delivered their votes in Characters and alphabeticall Letters, θ theta signifying the Sentence of death: and death it was to divulge the Votes by which that Sentence passed. Some say it was called the Court of Mars, because Neptune in that Court accused Mars for the murder of his Son: where∣of

he was acquited by seven Votes of the twelve Gods that were his Judg∣es: Alexand. ab Alexand. lib. 3 cap. 5. The first Judgement of life and death was pronounced in the Areopagus: Plin. lib. 7. See Jul. Pollux. lib. 8. de magist. Athen.

Verse 127. O fool! fool!] Juvenal's expression is, O Corydon! Corydon! so the Romans called any dull Country-Lob.

Verse 145. Laufella.] The good Goddess was well served when the Offering was made by Laufella, one of whose abhominable drunken Pranks you hear of in Sat. 6. This Oblation was made for the People: Credat aliquis, &c. Some may believe that bribes were given to the Judg∣es before whom Clodius was arraigned, for the Adultery which cleerely he had committed with Caesars wife, wherein he violated the religion of that Sacrifice which they say is made for the People: At the celebration where∣of Men are so far from being admitted, that the very Pictures of male creatures are covered. Senec. Epist. 98.

Verse 169. Lars.] See the beginning of the Comment upon Sat. 6.

Verse 176. Fabricius,] The Censor: Sat. 11.

That to his own Collegue was so severe:

For he fined him because he found in his house illegall Plate, viz. a silver-Vessel of ten pound weight: See the end of the Comment upon Sat. 2.

Verse 177 Hackney-Maesians,] Chair bearers of Maesia, which the vanity of poor Naevolus wishes for, that he might be carried in state to see the Chariot-races, Stage-playes, and other recreations of the Circus.

Verse 184. Vlysses,] King of the Isles of Ithaca and Dulichium, Son to Laertes and Anticlea; but some said his true Father was the Outlaw Sisy∣phus, that met with his Mother as she went to be married with Laertes; or

as others tell the story, forced her after marriage, in her journey to the Oracle. Ajax in his Plea objects this against Vlysses: Ovid. lib. 13. Met. jeering him with his Sisyphian blood. Homer makes him a person of great prudence and experience. He married Penelope Daughter to Icarus the Lacedaemonian. By her he had Telemachus, and so doated on her, that when the Greek Princes engaged in the war against Troy, he counterfeited madness, hoping they would leave him with her, as useless for them. Therefore yoaking Beasts of different species, he plowed the Sea-shoar, and sowed the sands with Salt. But Palamedes, to make tryall whether V∣lysses were really mad or no, laid Telemachus in the furrow before him, which he seeing, took off the Plough and balked his Child. Thus he was drawn into the Association, where he served his Country with great judgement and success. When Achilles passed for a Maid of honour in the Court of King Lycomedes, Vlysses found him out; parted him and Princess Deidemia, and brought him to a nobler Mistress, the VVarre: many services he did of the like nature, for without them the Oracle had pronounced, that Troy could not be taken. He flattered Philoctetes to a disovery of the poysoned arrowes of Hercules, and brought him to the Leaguer before Troy. He stole away the ashes of King Laomedon that were kept in the Town on the top of the Scaean-Port. He with the help of Diomedes slew the Guard, and carried away the Palladium, the Image of Pallas, being the Telesmaticall Safeguard of Troy. He was sent again with Diomedes as a Spie into Thrace, where he killed the King, and brought away his horses, before the Grooms watered them in the River Xanthus. About victualling the Camp he had strange fallings out with Palamedes, and at last, upon the credit of a false report raised by himself, he got his old discoverer stoned to death. VVhen Achilles was slain, in the Judge∣ment

for hearing and determining the right to his Armes, both he and Ajax pleading their own Causes, Sentence passed for Vlysses. When Troy was taken, he slew Orsilochus Son to the King of Creet, that would have abridged him of his just share in the plunder of the Town. He put to death Polyxena at the Tomb of Achilles; and when he took shipping for Ithaca, made the Keepers of Astyanax (Son to Hector) breake the Child's neck from the top of a Tower. But a Voyage so bloodily begun must needs be improsperous. After some crosses at Sea, he was cast by a storm upon the coast of Sicily, where with twelve of his men he entred the Den of Polyphemus; and when that Cyclops had devoured six of them, Vlysses burning out his eye as aforesaid, he and the rest, wrapped in Ram-skins, escaped. Then landing in Aeolia, Aeolus gave him a Wind in a bag: but when it had carried him within ken of Ithaca; his Mates, taking it to be a bag of Gold, opened it, and the VVind that came out drive him back again into Aeolia. From thence he passed to the Laestry∣gons or Canibals that eat men, and so to Circe that transformed his men into beasts: but Mercury gave him a counter-spell, and confiding in the virtue of it, he boldly came up to Circe, drew his sword, and forced her to restore his Mates to their own shapes. Then, captivated with Circe's beauty, he staid with her a whole year, and had by her a Son named Te∣legonus. Hesiod affirmes that she brought him other two, Arius and La∣tinus. At last, with much unwillingness, she dismissed him. After per∣formance of certain ceremonies he went down into Elysium, and there from the mouth of his Mother Anticlea, and from Elpenor, and the blind Prophet Teresias, was instructed in future events. Returning again into this world, and to his Mistress Circe, he gave the rites of buriall to the body of Elpenor, that in his drink had fallen from a Ladder and broke his

neck. Afterwards he sailed by the Isle of the Syrens, and for fear their sweet singing might inchant his men, he appointed them to stop their ears with wax, and commanded that he himself should be tyed to the main Mast: So with much difficulty passing the Straights of Scylla and Charyb∣dis, that set their Barking Dogs upon him, he arrived in Sicily, where Pha∣ethusa and Lampetia, Daughters to Phoebus, kept their Fathers Flocks, which he charged his men not to meddle with. But whilst he slept; his Mates, compelled by hunger and perswaded by Eurylochus, killed a great sort of the sheep; for which they paid their lives in a wrack at Sea, not a man in the Ship escaping but only Vlysses; that, bestrid a Mast, and was by the winde and waves for nine dayes together tossed to and fro: at length, being cast upon the Isle of Ogygia, the Nymph Calypso gave him kinde reception: seven years he staid with her, in which time she had two Sons by him, Nausithous and Nausinous: Hesiod. Into Ogygia Ju∣piter sent Mercury to tell the Goddess Calypso, that she must no longer detain Vlysses. Once again he put to Sea, but when he was in sight of Corcyra, inhabited by the Phaeacks, Neptune raised a storm that split his Ship; and he had perished, if Leucothoe in pitty had not helped him to a Plank, which he held by, till he came safe to shoar in one of the Phaeack Havens. There he hid his nakedness amongst the bushes, but was found out and cloathed by Nausica, Daughter to Alcinous King of that Island; where, by the artifice of Pallas, he was brought to Queen Arete that gave him a Ship manned for service. The Master landed him in Ithaca, and not being able to wake him according, to his Commission, laid a great deal of treasure by him, and left him in a dead sleep: but Pallas quickly roused him, and put him into a beggers habit. In that pickle he came to his Neat-herds, and found his Son Telemachus amongst

them. In this disguise he was brought to his house by his Hogherd Eu∣maeus, where, after many affronts put upon him by his Wife's impudent Suiters, his Nurse Euriclea knew him. Lastly, his Son Telemachus and two of his Neat-heards assisting, he fell upon the pretenders to Penelope, slew them all, and then discovered himself to her. But forewarned by the Oracle that his Son should kill him, he resolved to leave his Court and lurk in the Woods: mean time Telegonus, his Son by Circe, desirous to see his Father, made a voyage to Ithaca: but being a stranger to the Servants of Vlysses, most uncivilly they would have shut the gates a∣gainst him and his followers, that disputed their entrance; in the tumult by meer chance Telegonus shot his Father with a poisoned arrow, dipt in the blood of the Fish Trygon.