A description of the nature of four-footed beasts with their figures en[graven in brass] / written in Latin by Dr. John Johnston ; translated into English by J.P.

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Title
A description of the nature of four-footed beasts with their figures en[graven in brass] / written in Latin by Dr. John Johnston ; translated into English by J.P.
Author
Jonstonus, Joannes, 1603-1675.
Publication
Amsterdam :: Printed for the widow of John Jacobsen Schipper, and Stephen Swart,
1678.
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Subject terms
Animal behavior -- Early works to 1800.
Zoology -- Pre-Linnean works.
Natural history -- Pre-Linnean works.
Link to this Item
http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A46231.0001.001
Cite this Item
"A description of the nature of four-footed beasts with their figures en[graven in brass] / written in Latin by Dr. John Johnston ; translated into English by J.P." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A46231.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 19, 2025.

Pages

CHAP. II. Of the Ape.

THe Ape,* 1.1 in Latine Simiae, or Simius, from the flat nose, or from imitating, or his resembling of us. Festus calls them Clunas:* 1.2 The Greeks Pithekos, from being easily perswaded to imitate man; Emimoo,* 1.3 from the gestures, Arimos, in the old tongue of the Hetruscis, Bates, from climing-trees, Kalliar, by the Laconians. Hairy it is above, and below, back and belly;* 1.4 the hair is thick; nosed, eared, toothed like a man, two paps on the breast, armes like a man but hairy, which he can use, and turne as wee, fingered, toed, nayl like man, but those ruder, he steps like us, but treads more backward, arms short, and thighs answerable, he hath something hard like a navell, slenderer in the lower parts, they want a tayl, as being two legged creatures, the heart is Pyramide-wise,* 1.5 some found with two tops, veins, arteries like ours, the vein that goes into the right-lappet of the heart, and then into the right breast, is in them above the heart; those that are joyned to the reins, are widest, and passe to the stones: the substance of the eare is unmoveable. In many parts he is like a man, and in many unlike, as in the breast,* 1.6 and arme-muscles, and those that move the elbow, and thigh, those within the hands, and feet, in the mid-rif, lungs, as also in the bones; for in the loins are six turning-joynts, the shoulder-joynt is far from the breast, the thighs tend not streight toward the back-bone, thence it is, that going on the hind-feet, hee waggles, his feet are hollow, the toes much cloven.* 1.7 Bred they are in the eastern, and other warm parts, as in Lybia, Mauritania, in that part of Mount Caucasus, that looks toward the Red-Sea, in the Kingdome of Basman, in the tract between Egypt, Ethiopia, and Lybia. In the Indian-hills were so many, that they scared Alexanders army often. In Basman they kill them, pluck off the hair, all but from the chin, dry them, and embalm them, and sell them to merchants for mermen. They like hilly better then low-land; therefore they frequent the hils of Enisa.* 1.8 They love herbs, and barley, they go by troops to the ripe eares. They eat lice also,* 1.9 from men, and worms, and spiders, apples, nuts; but if the paring, or shell be bitter, they cast all away; they love flesh also, after eating, whereof they shed their hair. They drink wine too. They gender in Spring, when day and night is of a length, and beare a coupled about the summers solstice.* 1.10 The hee is reported to huge one for love, and to leave another with the shee, and never to looke after it. Being led through towns, they run a mad∣ding after women. They hold friendship with daws, and conies; but dis-agree with cocks, tortoyses, snails, &c. A noble man in England kept one, that keeps his Rabbits from Weesels. When a Parricide was sewd in a sack,* 1.11 they used to put in with him a Cock, an Ape, and Viper, that the Ape might fall on the Cock, and the Viper avoiding the Cock, might seaze the man. At Rome one of them, spying an Ape on a boys head, was so scared, that he pist, and shit.* 1.12 He dares not touch a Snayl. They are troubled with the hernia, or bursting, having a heavy kall, and with the falling-sicknesse, and inflammation of the liver, spleen, bladder, &c. Ill disgestion, &c. Galen anatomised a leane one, and found in the skin about the heart a praeternaturall swelling with moysture in it, such as Hydatides writs, did use to send forth. I say nothing of their biting, it is said to be venemous. Avicen, to prevent rancling, prescribes a playster of ashes with hony, and bitter almonds. They hide their meat in their cheeks, whence by degrees they fetch it to chew.* 1.13 They are extreame lustfull, and will gender with Lions. They remember a wrong long;* 1.14 some say they soon forget, when tamed they shew their young to every one. They severally affected at diverse seasons of the yeare, jolly, and gamesome at new Moon, very lumpish and dogged afore. So soon as they find approaching death, or any infections diseased,* 1.15 you may heare from them an unusuall snuffling in the noce. Whence Crollius thinks Physitians learn the pulses of arteries;* 1.16 they go awray, or sideling. Some can guide a cart, and play at chesse. One seeing a nurse wash, and winded a child, when shee was absent, undrest it, washt it in scalding water, and killed it.

They are taken by imitating what they see hunters do.* 1.17 They never are so tame, but that they quickly go wild again. They love to play with children, and dogs, but, if you look not to

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them, they shall choak them, or breake their necks. They will make themselves drunk. The Zabeces,* 1.18 and Zygantes of Africa eat them. Rhasis judgeth it but cold, and harsh flesh. The heart roasted, and boyled with hony-comb is said to sharpen memory. They differ in shape, colour, neck, hair, and bulk. Some have tayls, some none, some are gray-headed. Some among the Orsei in India are white: Polus saith, some go upright. To these may be re∣fered the Orang-outang brought out of An∣gola, presented to Frederick Henry,* 1.19 Prince of Orange.* 1.20 Tulp calls it a Wild-man, long as a child of three years old, thick as one of six, square bodied, nor fat, nor slender, but very active and nimble; having such well trust limbs, and great muscles, that he durst attempt any thing, and do what not all smooth afore, and shaggy black behind, faced as a man, flat, and crooked-nosed, eared like a man, two fair swel∣ling paps were on the breast, like a womans, (for it was a female) the navell deep, and lim∣med so like a man, that an egge is scarsely liker an egge, resembling man in elbows, fingers, thumbs, thighs, calves, heels. Shee walked oft upright, and with ease could hoyst up, and beare a burden. Being to drinke, shee with one hand took the can by the eare, and put the other under; and wiped her lips handsomly after. Going to ly down, she would lay her head or∣derly on the pillow, and cover herself close with the coverlids. The Sambacensian King report∣ed, that they are so valiant, that they adventure on armed men. So given to women, that they oft ravish them. In Guinee some of them will bray any thing in a morter,* 1.21 and carry pitchers of water on their heads, and empty them at their doors, to prevent spilling. These are cal∣led Baris. Strong they are, and brawny thick set. In India there is also cried up to the skies; Zeilan keeps his reliques, namely a tooth, which Constantine the Portugal Viceroy took amongst the prey from a Barbarian Prince; so honoured and adored was that Ape by the cheefe Kings there, that yearly Embassadors were sent loaden with rich presents, only to be permitted to take his print in piece of clay perfumed, and inclosed in gold, to solace them∣selves, forsooth, with his shadow only. After the King of Pegu being conscious to himself of an oath he had passed to the Portugees, sent Embassadors to the Viceroy with ships loaden with wares, and 300000 pieces ef gold to re∣deeme the tooth. Many Portugals were of opi∣nion to send it, but to demand a greater summe, even a million, but the Viceroy (though he knew the King would have given it, and him∣self wanting mony, yet) prefered piety to gain, and that it might appeare to all, he caused the tooth to be brought amidst an assembly openly, and to be taken out of the rich case, beset with jewels, and gold, and with his own hand cast it into a brazen morter, and com∣manded it to be pounced to pouder, which was cast into a fire, and so vanished into smoake.

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