A description of the nature of four-footed beasts with their figures en[graven in brass] / written in Latin by Dr. John Johnston ; translated into English by J.P.

TITLE II. Of the vvater-cloven-hoofed Beasts.

CHAP. I. Of the Hippotame, or River-Horse.

FOllowing Aristotle,* 1.1 hether I refer the River-Horse; though others, and per∣haps more properly, to another head. Hee is called an Horse, not from his shape, but his greatnesse. Hee is stiled the Horse of Nile,* 1.2 and the Sea-ox, and the Sea-hog, that afore resembles an ox, in the rest of the body, a swine; called a Sea-Elephant, from his vastnesse, and the whitenesse, and hardnesse of his teeth; and the Elephant of Egypt, the Rosmarus,* 1.3 the Rohart, the Gomarus, in Pre∣tebans country. Writers differ in describing him. Some say that hee is five cubites high, and hath ox-hoofs, three teeth sticking out each side of his mouth, greater out then any other beasts, eared, tayled, and neighing like the horse, in the rest like the Elephant; he hath a mane, a snout turning up, in his inwards not unlike an horse, or asse, without hair; taken by boats. Bellonius saw a small one at By∣zantium, cow-headed, beardard, short, and roundish, wider jaw'd then a lion, wilde no∣strills, broad lips turning up, sharp teeth as a horse, the eyes and tong very great, his neck short, tayled like a hog, swag-bellied like a sow; his feet so short, that they are scant foure fingers high from the ground. But Fabius Co∣lumna describes him most accurately from the carcasse of one, preserved in salt, brought by a Chirurgion called Nicholas Zerenghus from Damiata into Italy; hee saith, that he was liker an ox then a horse, and about that size, leg'd like a bear, thirteen foot long from head to tayl, foure foot and an half broad, three foot & an half high, squat-bellied, his legs three foot

and an half long, and three foot round; his foot a foot broad, the hoofs each three inches, groutheaded, two foot and an half broad, three foot long, seven foot about in compasse, his mouth a foot wide, snout-fleshy and turning up, litle-eyed, each an inch wide, and two long, the ears about three; the bulke thick, the foot broad, parted into foure toes, the ankle hard of flesh, tayled like a tortoys: skin thick, tough, black. The nostrils like an S, snouted as a lion, or cat, with some stragling hairs, nor are any more in the whole body, in the under-chap, thwart half a foot long, &c. like a boar-tusks, not sticking out, but plainly seene, the mouth opening, &c. On each side seven cheek-teeth, thick, broad, and very short. In the upper-chap, which he moves like a crocodile, where∣with hee chews, stand six fore-teeth, aptly answering those beneath, &c. The teeth are hard as a flint, and will strike fire, so that by night rubbing his teeth,* 1.4 he seems to vomit fire.* 1.5 His proper place is said to be Saiticae in Egypt. There are of them also in the River Niger, and in the Sea that washes Petzora. Bar∣bosa hath seen many in Gofala.

He observed many there comming forth of the Sea into the pasture-grounds, and return∣ing again:* 1.6 They feed also on ripe corn, and yellow-ears. When he is grown up, he be∣gins to try his strength with his Sire, if he can master him, hee then proves his masteries with the Dam, and leaves his Sire; if he offer to re∣sist, he kills him.* 1.7 They bring forth young on the dry land, and there brings them up: They are so fruitful, that they teeme every year. He comes out of Nilus into the fields, and having filled his belly with corn, he returns back∣wards, that the husbandmen may not surprize him, or by his averse footing to amuse the hunts-men; since he is as harmful as the Cro∣codile. He being overburdened with his own grosse bulk, he rubs himself against the canes, till he hath opened a vein, and having bled enough, he stops the vein with mud: whether he neigh, or no, is disputed.

The Ethiops eat him.* 1.8 About the promon∣tory Cabo Lopez in Guinee a Schipper of the Hage and his mates saw it; and in the town Ulibet they saw many of their heads, wherein were teeth of a wonderfull bignesse. One Fir∣mius Seleucius eat an Hippotame.* 1.9 They are also medicinable; the Egyptians use the teeth against emrods, shut or open, tying them on, or wearing a ring made thereof. The Black∣moors use it also as a preservative against a cer∣tain disease. Pliny extolls those teeth for a spe∣ciall remedy for toot-ache; and the fat against a raging Fever. The ashes of the skin with water smeared, dissolves waxen-kernels. The skin of the forehead slakes lust: the stones dry∣ed, is good against the bite of a Serpent: the parts as otherwise also useful.* 1.10 Pausanius saith, that the face of his mother Dindymena was formed of the Hippotames teeth. Pliny saith, that the Painters use the blood dissolv'd in gum∣water instead of red-lead. They that are be∣smeared with the fat, may safely go among Crocodiles. Some say,* 1.11 that they who are co∣vered with the skin, are thunder free. Pliny saith, that the hide, especially about the back is so thick, that therewith strong spears may be shaped, and shaved by the turner.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Aldrovan. Digit. l. 1. c. 12.
• * 1.2

  Bellon.
• * 1.3

  Alvaresius. Descript. Aelian. H. A. l. 11. cap. 44. Aristotle. Leo de Asr. l. 7.
• * 1.4

  Plinv. Herod. H. N. l. 2. L••o Asri. l. 9.
• * 1.5

  Plin. l. 32. c. 11.
• * 1.6

  Aelian.
• * 1.7

  Gendring. Nature. Aelian.
• * 1.8

  Use. Clusius.
• * 1.9

  Capitol.
• * 1.10

  Diosco••.
• * 1.11

  Iuli. Capitol.