A paraphrase and annotations upon all the books of the New Testament briefly explaining all the difficult places thereof / by H. Hammond.

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A paraphrase and annotations upon all the books of the New Testament briefly explaining all the difficult places thereof / by H. Hammond.
Author
Hammond, Henry, 1605-1660.
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London :: Printed by J. Flesher for Richard Davis,
1659.
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Bible. -- N.T. -- Commentaries.
Bible. -- N.T. -- Paraphrases, English.
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"A paraphrase and annotations upon all the books of the New Testament briefly explaining all the difficult places thereof / by H. Hammond." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A45436.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 16, 2024.

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Annotations on Chap. XV.

[ a] * 1.1 V. 7. Seen of James] What is here said of Christs appearance unto James, is not mentioned in the Go∣spels, yet is it by S. Jerome mentioned from the tradi∣tion of the Church, and that presently after his resur∣rection, before those other appearances which are here mentioned before it;* 1.2 which if it be true, it is necessary that 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 be not rendred afterward, but either as an Ordinal of dignity, not of time, or as a form of num∣bring up several times, without exact observation of the order of them, then, besides, or in the next place, as the word is used in this Epistle c. 12. 28. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, where nothing of order is considered. Now what James this was, is affirmed by S. Hierome also, that James, the brother of our Lord, whom he* 1.3 calls the thirteenth Apostle, styled James the Just, saith Euse∣bius l. 2. c. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. and, saith he, reckoned by S. Paul a∣mong the special witnesses of the resurrection, James the known Bishop of Jerusalem, whom therefore some of the antients affirm to have been constituted Bishop there by Christ himself at this appearance of his unto him; see Jerome in Catal. and on Gal. c. 1. Epiph. Haer. 78. Greg. Turonons. l. 1. c. 17. Chrysostome Hom. 1. on the Acts, Theophyl. on 1 Cor. 15. 7. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, He was seen by James the brother of the Lord, constituted by him the first Bishop of Jerusa∣lem. So Photius the Patriarch of Constantinople, Epist. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, James the first of High-priests (or Bishops) who by the Lords hand received the holy unction and Bishoprick of Jeru∣salem. What is thus said of his being constituted Bi∣shop by Christ, is by others said to have been done by Christ and the Apostles (Euseb. l. 17. c. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, James the first Bishop of Jerusalem received it from Christ himself and the Apostles,) by others from the Apostles imme∣diately. So Eusebius from Clem. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. l. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 He saith that Peter, and James, and John, after the as∣sumption of Christ, as being the men that were most fa∣voured by Christ, did not contend for the honour, but chose James the Just to be Bishop of Jerusalem. So, be∣fore Clemens, Hegesippus 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. in Euseb. l. 2. c. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 (or, as others read, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉) 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, After this manner did the brother of the Lord, James, called by all men the Just, receive the Church (of Jerusalem) from the Apostles. And that this was done the first year after the death of Christ, is the affirmation of Eusebius in Chronico p. 43. which makes it out of question that this was the James that is mentioned Act. 12. 17. when Peter being de∣livered out of prison commands word to be carried to James and the brethren, that is, the Bishop and the be∣lievers there. And thence is it that he is called an Apo∣stle, Gal. 1. 19. and Act. 15. 6, and 22. the Apostles came together, and It seemed good to the Apostles; so saith Theodoret, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, &c. Those whom they now call Bishops, they called Apostles, bringing this for a proof of his affirma∣tion, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, so the Apostles wrote from Jerusalem to those in Antioch. And this is the reason that in this his Church of Jerusalem, James is set before Peter and John, Gal. 2. 9. and is said to give the right hand of fellowship to Paul and Barnabas, and accordingly Paul assoon as he comes to Jerusalem, persently goes in to James Act. 21. 18. And this is the James that wrote the Epistle, and is called James the Apostle in the In∣scription of the Epistle, though in the beginning of it he style himself a servant of Jesus Christ. See Note b. on the Inscription of that Epistle.

[ b] * 1.4 V. 8. Born out of due time] The full importance of this phrase 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 may best be taken from a

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proverbial from among the Romans, begun in Augu∣stus's time. It is, from Suetonius, taken notice of by Baronius, An. Chr. 44. n. 74. but somewhat misre∣presented. The words of Suetonius lye thus, in the life of Augustus, c. 35. Erant super mille (senatores) & quidm indignissimi, & post necem Caesaris per gra∣tiam & praemium allcti, quos Abortivos vulgus vo∣cabat, There were at that time an enormous number of Senators, above a thousand, and some of them most un∣worthy of that dignity, having after the death of Caesar by favour and bribery gotten to be elected. These the multitude proverbially styled Abortives. To this pro∣verbial stye of reproach S. Paul in great humility seems here to refer, making his own election into the Apostleship parallel to the choice and admission of those supernumerary unworthy persons into the Senate, viz. that he, like them, was none of the regular num∣ber of the Twelve, none of those first taken in, in Christs life time, no way worthy to be an Apostle, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 having persecuted the Church of Christ, v. 19. and yet by Christs grace and special favour, called and admit∣ted to this dignity (by the grace of God I am what I am, v. 10.) and in thse so many respects, fit to be look'd on, in his own opinion of himself, as they were reproachfully by the people, viz. as an 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 an un∣timely birth, which consequently hath not those full dimensions, which those children are born with who have staid in the wombe their full time; to which most aptly agrees that which followes, v. 9. as the reason of this expression, for I am the least of the Apostles, as the Abortive is the least of children. And this is still but proportionable to what he every where, when he speaks of himself, is forward to say, calling himself the greatest, or chief, of sinners, lesse than the least of all Saints, and attributing all to the superabundant mercy and grace of God, that he so unworthy was thus vouch∣safed and dignified by Christ.

[ c] * 1.5 V. 29. For the dead] 'Tis to little purpose to set down the several interpretations of this place (see Justll. in Cod. Can. Eccl. Vniversae p. 173.) This which hath been set down in the paraphrase is most na∣tural,* 1.6 rendring 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 for, answerable to the Hebrew 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. For the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 the dead, is but the title in brief of that grand Article of the Creed, that of the resurrection of the dead, just as among the Hebrewes 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 of, or for, strange worship, denotes that precept of the sons of Adam and Noah, which prohibiteth the wor∣ship of any strange gods, or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 of, or for, the benediction of the name, is the precept of wor∣shipping and serving the one true God: and so generally titles of Constitutions and of Articles are abbreviates, in a word or two. To this purpose 'tis the observation of the Learned* 1.7 Jos. Scaliger, that not onely the Rab∣bins, but generally other Doctors, notissimas & vulgò tritissimas sententias dimidiatas solent citare, use to cite by abbreviature known and vulgar sentences, in∣stancing in 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Mat. 15. 5. So it appears by Suidas, using the Proverb 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, from the sinking, which is but the abbreviature of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, From a sinking ship whatsoever thou gettest, must be counted gain. Of this interpre∣tation of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 we have the testimony of Harme∣nopulus De sect.* 1.8 who refuting the Marcionites addes, —〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, no knowing that it is spoken of the confession of the resurrection of the dead.— Of this also see Chrysostome, Tom. 3. p. 514. Of whose understanding of it, because I see some possibi∣lity of doubting, I shall more largely consider the word; 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, After recita∣tion of the sacramental and dreadful word, and the ve∣nerable rules of the doctrines brought from heaven, this at the end we adde, when we are about to baptize, we command him to say, I believe in the resurrection of bodies, and we are baptized in, or on, this faith. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, For after professing this with the other articles, we are put into the foun∣tain of those sacred waters. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉; S. Paul therefore remem∣bring them of this (viz. this custome of professing be∣fore baptisme, with other articles, this of the resurre∣ction of the dead) said, Why also art thou baptized for the dead, that is, the dead bodies? 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, For on this thou art baptized, believing the resurrection of the dead body, that it abides no longer dead, and thou indeed by words believest the resurrection of the dead. Here 'tis evident that the phrase 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, being baptized for the dead, is otherwise express'd by him, by 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, being baptized in, or on this, and that farther express'd by 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉believing the resurrection of the dead body, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, by words reciting the resurrection of the dead. Nothing then can be more manifest, then that this was his understanding of S. Pauls words, that being baptized for the dead, was being baptized in the faith and profession, as of other articles of the Creed, so of this particularly, and in the last place, of the Resurrection of the body. To this indeed he farther addes, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Then the Priest, as in an image, or representation, demonstrates to thee, by what he doth, the things that thou hast believed, and pro∣fess'd by words, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, when thou believest without a signe, he allowes thee a signeviz. in putting in, and taking out of the water, which is 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the signe of dscending into the state of the dead, and ascending from thence. Where though the action of the Priest, putting in, and taking out of the water, be a significative proof of the same thing, that the baptized are baptized into the faith of the resurrection of the dead, yet was the interpretation of the Apostles words fully accomplished in that for∣mer, of being baptized into that article of the Resurrecti∣on, of which this action of the Priest was the lively sign. And accordingly Theophylact, who ordinarily copies out S. Chrysostomes interpretations, doth content himself with the first onely, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. They that are to be baptized do all profess the Symbol of the faith (that S. Chrysostome had called the venerae∣ble rules of the doctrines that were brought from heaven) in which after others this is set down, I believe in the resurrection of bodies: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉; The Apostle therefore saith, that they that believe there is a resur∣rection of the dead bodies (there's Chrysostomes explica∣tion of dead, by bodies) and have been baptized in, or on, these hopes (there's his 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 on this) if they be de∣ceived (that is, if there be no resurrection) what shall they do? 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉; And indeed why are men at all baptized for the resurrection, that is, on the expectation of the resurre∣ction (still 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, for, and on, the ex∣pectation of the resurrection, are all one) if the dead are not raised? Zonaras also on Can. 18. of the Coun∣cil

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of Carthage, though with Chrysostome he take in the action of the Priest, in putting in and taking out of the water, (which is but the confirmation of this, and is not a new interpretation of S. Paul's words) yet he first insisteth on this, that they that are baptized are instructed in the power of the sacrament, and so taught to hope for (that sure comprehends to believe) 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, among others (the articles wherein the Catechumeni are instructed) 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the resur∣rection also of the dead. And Balsamon on that Canon is just to the same purpose. To this there is but one thing necessary to be added, which will remove all dif∣ficulty from it, viz. that 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 v. 12. is the No∣minative case to 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, those of the Corinthians, that now doubted of the Resurrection, had in their Baptisme among other things made profession of the belief of it. Which makes the Apostles argument un∣answerable, because they had not yet renounced their Baptisme, though they denied the Resurrection. The truth of the fact, that some of the Church of Corinth did deny the Resurrection, is the expresse affirmation of the Apostle v. 12. And that that may not be thought strange, it may be remembred what Photius relates of some of the Philosophers, that this was the last article of the Christian faith which they received, as thinking it most contrary to those Philosophical principles im∣bibed by them; and, by name, of Synesius, that he was made a Bishop before he believed the truth of that article; for which they that had made him being que∣stioned, made this Apologie for so doing, that they found so many excellent graces in him, that they could not but think them useful to the Church of God, and confidently hope that God would not let them all perish, but would in time give him this grace also, which accordingly came to passe.

[ d] * 1.9 V. 32. After the manner of men I have fought with beasts] That S. Paul here referres to that which befell him at Ephesus, Act. 19. may appear 1 by 2 Cor. 1. 8. where he mentions his great persecution in Asia (of which Ephesus was the Metropolis) and pressure so heavy, that, saith he, I despaired even of life, having the sentence of death passed on him, as farre as he could guesse of himself, and so making his deliverance a won∣derfull unexpected act of Gods, a kind of raising him from the dead; 2dly, by the mention of fighting with beasts, which was a punishment that malefactors were condemned to in those daies. And of that particularly in Asia we have an instance in those first times in the Epistle of the Church of Smyrna there,* 1.10 about the mar∣tyrdome of Polycarpus, where they call the Asiarcha to let loose a lyon upon Polycarpe: and by his answer there (that he might not, because 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 the agones were ended) three things will be obser∣vable; 1. that at that time in Asia (where that was done) their festivities or solemnities kept in honour of their Gods, had these fightings with beasts on the Thea∣tres annex'd to them, as a chief ceremony of them (see Note on Act. 19. f.) 2dly, that malefactors were wont to be punished at such their festivities (as among the Jewes at the Passeover; see Act. 12. 4) not onely to make their punishments more exemplary, but as a piece of sacrifice to their Gods; 3dly, that the Asiarchae, the governours of Asia, that is, the chief officers among them, as they had the ordering of the agones, (see Note on Act. 19. e.) so they had the punishing of ma∣lefactors committed to them. Now that S. Paul was condemned, at least by the multitude designed, to this punishment at that time, Act. 19. may thus appear, 1. by the expresse words of 2 Cor. 1. 9. we had the sen∣tence of death in our selves, that is, passed on us, but, as it follows,* 1.11 God delivered him out of it: 2dly, by the phrase 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 here (in the same sense as 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 1 Pet. 4. 5. and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 as much as in me is, nothing on my part wanting Rom. 1. 15.) that is, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, saith Theophylact, as much as related to, or concerned men, (parallel to that of 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 in our selves, in that place to the Corinthians) that is, men so designed me, though God took me out of their hands, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 snatched me out of the dangers (parallel to Gods raising him from the dead there, and delivering him from so great a death v. 10.) 3dly, by the story in the Acts c. 19. where v. 29. the city being in an uproar, they all with one consent run to the Theatre, the place where these bloody tragedies were acted, and haled Gaius and Aristarchus, two of Pauls companions, thither. And if Paul had come into sight, they would have done so to him also, but the Christians there would not permit him to come amongst them, ver. 30. And, v. 31. the Asiarchae having some kindnesse to Paul (a great work of Gods providence that they should) sent and gave him warning that he should keep close,* 1.12 and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 not give himself to the theatre, that is, not run the hazard, by coming out, to be carried thither, knowing the full purpose of the people to set him to the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 com∣bating with wilde beasts, if he did. Which farther ap∣pears by the Registers words (in his speech whereby he pacified the people) ver. 37. Ye have brought these men, being neither robbers of your Temple, nor blasphe∣mers of your Goddesse; that is, ye have dealt with them as if they were some notorious malefactors, to be thus publickly punished on the Theatre, whereas they have done nothing worthy of such proceedings. This is a clear interpretation of these words, and gives a fair ac∣count of the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, so as to signifie as farre as man's purpose concerning us (who had condemn'd us to this death, though God delivered us) of which learned men have given so many, and so wide con∣jectures.

[ e] * 1.13 V. 33. Good manners] What 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 here signifies may perhaps be best understood by Hesychius in the word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which he there explaines by 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: by which it appears that the phrase refers not to goodness of manners, as that signifies actions, and as Hesychius renders 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, (for which the ordinary print reads 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉) and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, but to simplicity and deceivableness of mind, and accordingly it is most properly rended good dispositions, or good natures, of which it is ordinarily observable, that they are subject to be seduced, and missled into error or false doctrine, as here the deny∣ing of the Resurrection. And accordingly it is introdu∣ced, and inforced with a 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, be not deceived, noting what corruption was here to be taken heed of, that of error. The rendring the phrase good manners, refers it peculiarly to the sense of being debauch'd and corrupt in their lives, which is not commodiously appli∣cable to this place, which treats onely of intellectual error, and therefore this other sense is with more reason to be here fastned on, That conversation and discourse (so 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 signifies) with Hereticks,* 1.14 or Philosophers, that disputed against the possibility of the bodyes re∣turning to life, after it was once perfectly dead, might probably seduce and deceive 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, casie, well-natured auditors, who are not so circumspect as they should be: And thus hath Theophylact interpreted 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the good dispositions denote those that are easily deceived, or cheated.

[ f] * 1.15 V. 50. Flesh and blood] That flesh and blood signi∣fies that state of growing, feeding, corruptible bodies, such as these we carry about us, there is little doubt. How, or with what propriety it comes to doe so, may receive some light from that of Homer 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. There of the Gods he saith

〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
They eat no meat, nor drink no wine, therefore they have no blood, and are called immortal. Thus in the

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Gospel 'tis said of the saints in heaven, which are clear∣ly answerable to the soberest notion of their gods, that they neither eat nor drink, and from thence (agreeably to that which Homer concludes from thence) they are here said not to be flesh and blood, nor, as it followes, corruptible, denoting the difference betwixt the natural body we have here, and the spiritual hereafter.

[ g] * 1.16 V. 54. I victorie] The Hebrew phrase 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, which is ordinarily rendred 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Lam. 5. 20. 2 Sam. 2. 26. Job 36. 7. Jer. 3. 5. Amos 1. 11. doth in all of them signifie forever, and is rendred 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Isa. 13. 20. and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 to the end Psal. 13. 2. and so 'tis in this place, Death shall be forever (of, perfectly, or finally) devoured.

[ h] * 1.17 V. 55. Where is thy sting] These words are taken out of Hosea, c. 13. 14. where yet we read. I will be thy plague. And some have conjectured, that in stead of the Hebrew 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 I will be, the Greek read 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 where? But R. Tanchum and Ebn Jannahius, saith Mr. P. affirme that the Hebrew 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 is all one with 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and so signifies where, in that very chapter of Hoseah, v. 10. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, where is thy king? and so then the Septuagints rendring will be literal, and the Apostles words lightly varied from it.

Notes

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