An easie entrance to the Latine tongue ... a work tending to the school-masters's eas, and the weaker scholar's encouragement in the first and most wearisome steps to learning / by Charles Hoole ...

THE GROUNDS OF GRAMMAR. (Book 1 (grammar))

THE Grounds of Grammar are the most necessary things to bee known concerning Grammar.

They are taken out of the Common-Accidents & Gram∣mar.

And treat of Latine words, and the things that belong to them —

• 1. As they are single words in a Speech. LIB. I.
• 2. As they are many words joyned together in a Speech. LIB. II.

LIB. I. Of the sorts of single words or the Eight parts of Speech.

In the Latine tongue or speech there bee eight sorts or kinds of words.

Which are called parts of Speech,* 1.1 because of them every Speech is made.

And they bee

Which are declined i.e. which do change their ending.

• I. A Noun, or Name.
• II. A Pronoun.
• III. A Verb.
• IIII. A Participle.

Which are unde∣clined. i.e. which do not change their ending.

• V. An Adverb.
• VI. A Conjunction.
• VII. A Preposition.
• VIII. An Interjection.

I. OF A NOUN.

* 1.2A Noun is a word by which a thing is called, as Mánus, a Hand.

* 1.3It is ei∣ther

• Substantive, which may signi∣fie (or shew what it meaneth) by it self in a Speech, as Hómo, a Man.
• Adjective which cannot signi∣fie in a Speech without a Sub∣stantive, as, Bónus, good.

* 1.4Both these are either

• Proper, which belong's to one thing onely, as Cárolus, Charles. Gradívus, marching.
• Common, which belong's to many things: as, Hómo, a man.

There belong to a Noun

• * 1.51. Two Numbers
  • The Singular, which speak∣eth but of one, as Lápis, a stone.
  • The Plural, which speaketh of more then one, as Lápides, stones.
• ...

• 2. Sir Cases,
  • 1. The No∣minative, which answereth to the question who? or what? as, magister, a master.
  • 2. The Ge∣nitive, which answereth to the question whose? or whereof? as, magistri, of the ma∣ster
  • 3. The D••∣tive, which answereth to the question to whom? or to what? as, magistro,* 1.6 to the ma∣ster.
  • 4. The Ac∣cusative, which answereth to the question whom? or what? as, magistram the master.
  • 5. The Vo∣cative, which answereth to the question speaketh to. as, magister, ô master.
  • 6. The Ab∣lative. which answereth to the question From whom? or From what? as, magistro, from the master▪
• 3. Seven Genders,
  • 1. The Masc••line; which is declined with Hic.
  • 2. The Feminine, which is declined with Haec.
  • 3. The Neuter, which is declined with Hoc.
  • 4. The Common of two, which is declined with Hic, & haec.
  • 5. The Common of three, which is declined with Hic, haec,* 1.7 & hoc.
  • 6. The Doubtful, which is declined with Hic, vel haec.
  • 7. The Epicene, which signifi∣eth both sex••s under one Ar∣ticle, as, Hic Pásser, a cock or a hen Sparrow. haec Vúlpes, a dog or bitch-Fox.

The Articles are notes of the Gender, and are thus declined:

		Masc.	Foem.	Neut.
Sing	Nom	hic.	haec.	hoc.
Gen.	hújus.	hújus.	hújus.
Dat.	húic.	húic.	húic.
Acc.	hunc.	hanc.	hoc.
Voc.
Abl.	hoc.	hac.	hoc.
Plur.	Nom.	hi.	hae.	haec.
Gen.	hórum.	hárum.	hórum.
Dat.	his.	his.	his.
Acc.	hos.	has.	haec.
Voc.
Abl.	his.	his.	his.

* 1.84. Five Declensions, which are known by the ending of the Genitive case singular,

1.	2.	3.	4.	5.
ae.	i	is	ûs.	éi

[ 1] The first Declension is of Nouns in a, (not increasing) which are declined like Mu∣sa, a song.

Sing.	Nom. a.	as	Musa.	Plur.	Nom. ae.	as	Músae.
Gen.. ae.	Musae.	Gen. arum.	Musárum.
Dat. ae	Músae.	Dat. is.	Músis.
Acc. am	Músam.	Acc. as.	Músas.
Voc. a.	Músa.	Voc. ae.	Músae.
Abl. â.	Músâ.	Abl. is.	Músis.

The second Declension is of Nouns (for [ 2] the most part not increasing) that end in

• r. which are decline like Magister, a Master.
• us. which are declined like Dóminus, a Lord.
• um. which are declined like Regnum, a Kingdom.

Sing.	Nom. r. us. um.	as	Magíster.	Dóminus.	Regnum.
Gen. i.	Magístri.	Dómini.	Regni.
Dat. o.	Magístro.	Dómino.	Régno.
Acc. um.	Magíst••um.	Dóminum.	Regnum.
Voc. r. e. um.	Magíster.	Dómine.	Regnum.
Abl. o.	Magístro.	Dómino.	Régno.
Plur.	Nom. i. a.	Magístri.	Dómini.	Regna.
Gen. órum.	Magistrórum	Dominórum	Regnorū.
Dat. is.	Magístris.	Dóminis.	Régnis.
Acc. os. a.	Magístros.	Dóminos.	Regna.
Voc. i. a.	Magístri.	Dómini▪	Régna.
Abl. is.	Magistris.	Dóminis.	Regnis

The third Declension is of Nouns that [ 3] end in a. c. e. i l. n. o. r. s. t. x. which are declined like

• ...Lápis, a stone.
• ...Cáput, a head.

Sing.	Nom.	as	Lápis.	Cáput.
Gen. is.	Lápidis.	Cápitis.
Dat. i.	Lápidi.	Cápiti.
Acc. em.	Lápidem.	Cáput.
Voc.	Lápis.	Cáput.
Abl. e.	Lápide.	Cápite.

Plur.	Nom. es a.	as	Lápides.	Cápita
Gen. um.	Lápidum.	Cápitum.
Dat. ibus.	Lapidibus.	Capitibus.
Acc. es. a	Lápides.	Cápita.
Voc. es a	Lápides.	Cápita.
Abl ••us	Lapídibus	Capitibus.

[ 4] The fourth Declension is of Nouns not increasing, that end in

• us. which are declined like Mánus, a hand.
• u. which are declined like Córnu, a horn.

Sing.	Nam. us. u.	as	Mánus córnu.
Gen. ús. u.	Mánûs. cornu.
Dat. ui. u.	Mánui. có••nu.
Acc. um u.	Mánum có••nu.
Voc. us. u.	Mánus. córnu.
Abl. u. u.	Mánu córnu.
Plur.	Nam. us. a.	Mánus. cór••ua.
Gen. uum.	Mánnum. có••nuum
Dat. bus.	Mámbus có••nibus.
Acc. us. a.	Mánus. có••ua.
Voc. us. a.	Mánus córnua.
Abl. bus.	Mánibus. có••nibus.

[ 5] The fifth Declension is of Nouns increa∣sing long, that end in es, and are declined like Facies, a Face.

Sing.	Nom. es.	Fácies.
Gen. éi.	Faciéi.
Dat. éi.	Faciéi.
Acc. em.	Fáciem.
Voc. es.	Fácies.
Abl. e.	Fácie.
Plur.	Nom. es.	Fácies.
Gen. érum.	Faciérum.
Dat. ébus.	Faciébus.
Acc. es.	Fácies.
Voc. es.	Fácies.
Abl. ébus.	Faciébus.

Nouns of the Neuter Gender have the the Nominative, Accusative, and Vocative cases alike; which three cases end in a in the plural Number.

A Noun increaseth when it hath more syllables in the Genitive case singular, then it had in the Nominative, as Lápis, Lápidis.

Adjectives of three endings be declined after the first and second Declension like Bónus.

		Masc.	Foem·	Neut.
Sing.	Nom.	Bónus.	Bóna.	Bónum.
Gen.	Bóni.	Bónae.	Bóni.
Dat.	Bóno.	Bónae.	Bóno.
Acc.	Bónum.	Bónam.	Bónum.
Voc.	Bóne.	Bóna.	Bonum.
Abl.	Bóno.	Bónâ.	Bono.

		Masc.	Foem.	Neut.
Plural.	Nom.	Bóni.	Bónae.	Bóna.
Gen.	Bonórum.	Bonárum.	Bonórum.
Dat.	Bónis.	Bónis.	Bónis.
Accus.	Bónos.	Bónas.	Bóna.
Voc.	Bóni.	Bónae.	Bóna.
Ablat.	Bonis.	Bónis.	Bónis.

Adjectives of two endings are declined after the third Declension, like Tristis Sad.

• ...
  Singular.
  • ...Nom. hic & haec Trístis, & hoc Tríste.
  • ...Gen. hujus Trístis.
  • ...Dat. huic Tristi.
  • ...Accus. hunc & hanc Tristem, & hoc Tríste.
  • ...Voc. Trístis, & Tríste.
  • ...Ablat. hoc, hâc, & hoc Trísti.
• ...
  Plural.
  • ...Nom. hi & hae Tristes, & haec Trístia.
  • ...Gen. horum, harum, & horum Trístium.
  • ...Dat. his Trístibus.
  • ...Accus. h••s & has Trístes, & haec Trístia.
  • ...Voc. Trístes, & Trístia.
  • ...Ablat. his Trístibus.

Adjectives of one ending bee declined after the third Declension, like Felix Happy.

• ...
  Singular.
  • ...Nom. hic, haec, & hoc F••lix.
  • ...Gen. hujus Felícis.
  • ...Dat. huic Felíci.
  • ...Accus. hunc & hanc Felicem, & hoc Félix.
  • ...Voc. Félix.
  • ...Ablat. hoc, h••••, & hoc Felíce.
  • ...Ablat. hoc, h••••, & hoc Felíci.
• ...

• ...
  Plural.
  • ...Nom. hi & hae Felíces, & haec Felícia.
  • ...Gen. horum, harum, & horum Felí••ium.
  • ...Dat. his Felícibus.
  • ...Accus. hos & has Felíces, & haec Felícia.
  • ...Voc. Felíces, & Felícia.
  • ...Ablat. his Felícibus.

5. Adjectives have three degrees of Com∣parison.* 1.9

• 1. Posi∣tive. which signifieth without exceeding, as, Dú∣rus, hard.
• 2. Compa∣rative. which signifieth more then the Positive, as, Dúrior, more hard, or harder.
• 3. Super∣lative. which signifieth most of all, as, Duríssimus, very hard, or the hardest.

• The com∣para∣tive is formed of the first case of the Po∣sitive that endeth in i, by putting to or in the Masculine and Feminine, and us in the Neuter gender, as, of, Dúri, Dúrior & Dúrius.
• The super∣lative is formed of the first case of the Po∣sitive that endeth in i, by putting to ssímus, as, of Dúri, Duríssimus.

Adjectives of the Comparative degree bee declined like Dúrior, harder.

• ...
  Singular.
  • ...Nom. hic & haec Dúrior, & hoc Dúrius.
  • ...Gen. hujus Durióris.
  • ...Dat. huic Durióri.
  • ...Acc. hunc & hanc Duriórem, & hoc D••••ius.
  • ...Vocat. Dúrior, & D••••ius.
  • ...Ablat. hoc, hâc, & hoc Durióre.
  • ...Ablat. hoc, hâc, & hoc Durióri.
• ...

• ...
  Plural.
  • ...Nom. hi & hae Durióres, & haec Durióra.
  • ...Gen. hórum, hárum, & hórum Duriórum.
  • ...Dat. his Durióribus.
  • ...Accus. hos & has Durióres, & haec Durióra.
  • ...Voc. Durióres, & Durióra.
  • ...Abl. Durióribus.

II. Of a Pronoun.

* 1.10A Pronoun is a word put in stead of a Noun, as, Ego I, Tu thou.

There bee fifteen Pronouns:

Ego I, tu thou, súi of himself, or themselvs, ílle hee, ípse himself, íste yond, hic this, is that, méus mine, túus thine, súus his own, nóster ours, véster yours, nostras on our side, vestras o•• your side.

And to these are added Qui who, or which, quis who? cújus whose? and cújas on whose side?

Ego, Tu, Súi bee used as substantives; all the rest like Adjectives.

* 1.11There belong to a Pronoun,

• 1. Number, as in a Noun. page 3.
• 2. Case, as in a Noun. page 3.
• 3. Gender, as in a Noun. page 3.
• 4. Four Declensions, whose Genitive case singular endeth in

  1.	2.	3.	4.
  i.	íus, or jus.	i. ae. i.	átis.

* 1.12Ego, Tu, Súi bee of the first Declension, and bee thus declined,

Singular.	Nom. Ego I.	Tu thou.
Gen. Méi of mee.	Túi of thee.
Dat. Míhi to mee.	Tíbi to thee.
Accus. Me mee.	Te thee.
Voc.	Tu thou.
Ablat. Me mee.	Te thee.
Plural.	Nom. Nos Wee	Vos Yee.
Gen. Nóstrûm of us	Véstrûm of you.
Gen. Nó••trî of us	Véstrî of you.
Dat. Nób••s to us.	Vóbis to you.
Accus. Nos us.	Vos you.
Vocat.	Vos yee.
Ablat. Nóbis us.	Vóbis you.

Singular & Plural.

• ...Gen. Súi.
• ...Dat. Sibi.
• ...Accus. & Se.
• ...Ablat. Se.

Ille, ípse, íste, hic, is, qui,* 1.13 and quis bee of the second Declension, and bee thus declined:

• ...
  Singular.
  • ...Nom. Iste, ísta, ístud.
  • ...Gen. Istíus.
  • ...Dat Isti.
  • ...Acc. Istum▪ ístā, ístud.
  • ...Voc.
  • ...Abl. Isto, ístâ, ísto.
• ...
  Plural.
  • ...Nom. Isti, ístae, íst••.
  • ...Gen. Istórū, istárū, istórum.
  • ...Dat. Istis.
  • ...Acc. Istos, ístas, ísta.
  • ...Voc.
  • ...Abl. Istis.

Ille, and ípse bee declined like íste, saving that ípse maketh ípsum in the Neuter Gen∣der. Hic is declined as before in the Ar∣ticle, page 4.

• ...
  Singular.
  • ...N. Is, éa, id.
  • ...G. Ejus.
  • ...D. Ei.
  • ...A. Eum, éam, id.
  • ...V.
  • ...A. Eo, éâ, éo.
• ...
  Plural.
  • ...N. Ii, éae, éa.
  • ...G. Eórū, eárú, eórū.
  • ...D. Iis,
  • ...D. Eis.
  • ...A. Eos, éas, éa.
  • ...V.
  • ...A. Iis,
  • ...A. Eis.

So also is its Compound declined:

Sin∣gular.

• ...Nom. Idem, éadem, ídem.
• ...Gen. Ejúsdem.
• ...Dat. E••dem.
• Accus. Eúndem, eándem, idem, &c.

• ...
  Singular.
  • ...Nom. Qui, quae, quod.
  • ...Gen. Cújus.
  • ...Dat. Cúi.
  • ...Acc. Quem, quam, quod.
  • ...Voc.
  • ...Abl. Quo, quâ, quo.
  • ...Abl. Qui. quâ, quo.
• ...
  Plural.
  • ...Nom. Qui, quae, quae.
  • ...Gen. Quórum, quárum, quó∣rum.
  • ...Dat. Quíbus,
  • ...Dat. Quēis.
  • ...Acc. Quos, quas, quae.
  • ...Voc.
  • ...Abl. Quíbus,
  • ...Abl. Quēis.

So is Quis declined:

Sin∣gular.

• ...Nom. Quis. quae, quid.
• Gen. Cújus, &c.

But its Compound Quísquis is thus de∣clined:

Sin∣gulari∣ter,

• ...Nom. Quísquis, quícquid.
• ...Acc. Quí••quid.
• ...Abl. Quóquo, quáquâ, quóquo.

Méus, túus, súus, nóster, véster,* 1.14 and cújus bee of the third Declension, and are declined like Adjectives of three endings:

• ...
  Sing. Nom.
  • ...Méus, méa, méum.
  • ...Túus, túa, túum.
  • ...Súus, súa, súum.
  • ...Nóster, nóstra, nóstrū
  • ...Véster, véstra, véstrū.
  • ...Cújus, cúja, cújum.
• ...
  Gen.
  • ...Méi, méae, méi.
  • ...Túi, túae, túi.
  • ...Súi, súae, súi.
  • ...Nóstri nóstrae, nóstri.
  • ...Véstri, véstrae, véstri.

Nóstras, véstras,* 1.15 and cújas bee of the fourth Declension, and are declined like Adjectives of three Articles.

Singulariter,

N.	hic,	Nóstras.	Gen.	hujus	Nostrátis.
haec	Véstras.	Vestrátis.
hoc	Cújas.	Cujátis.

All Pronouns want the Vocative case, ex∣cept Tu, Méus, Nóster, and Nóstras.

Méus mak's mi in the Vocative case singu∣lar and the Masculine Gender.

* 1.165. Three Persons.

• The first speaketh of himself, as, Ego l, Nos wee.
• The second is spoken to, as, tu thou, vos yee.
• The third is spoken of, as ílle hee, ílli they,

All Nouns, Pronouns, and Participles bee of the third person, except Ego and nos, tu and vos, and every Vocative, case which is of the second person.

III. Of a Verb.

* 1.17A Verb is a word signifying

• to bee, as Sum, I am.
• A Verb is a word signifying to do, as Amo, I love.
• A Verb is a word signifying to suffer, as Amor, I am lo••••▪

It is

• Personal, which is declined with three persons in both numbers, as, Sing. Amo, ámas, ámat. Plur. Amá∣mus, amátis, ámant.
• Impersonal, which is declined in the third person singular onely, as, Opórtet it behooveth.

* 1.18There belong to a Verb,

• I. Five kindes,
  • 1. Active, which endeth in o, and signi∣fieth to do as, Amo I love.
  • 2. Passive, which endeth in or, and signi∣fieth to suffer, as, Amor I am loved.
  • 3. Neuter, which endeth in m, and signi∣fieth to bee, as, Sum I am; or in o, and signifieth somtimes to do, as,

• ...
  • ... curro I run; and somtimes to suffer, as, Aegróto I am sick.
  • 4. Deponent, which endeth in or, and signifieth to do, as, Loquor I speak.
  • 5. Commune, which endeth in or, and signifieth both to do and suffer, as, Osculor I kiss, or I am kissed.
• II. Four Moods,* 1.19
  • 1. The Indicative, which telleth a thing, as, Amo I love; or asketh a questi∣on, as, Amas tu lovest thou?
  • 2. The Imperative, which biddeth, as, Ama tu love thou.
  • ...

    3. The Potential, which is construed with may, can, might, could, would, should, or ought, without an Adverb, as, Amem I may love.

    And this Mood is called Optative, when it is used with an Adverb of wishing; and it is called the Sub∣junctive, when it is joyned with a Conjunction and another Verb.

  • .4 The Infinitive, which hath no num∣ber, nor person, as, Amáre to love.

And to this Mood belong three Gerunds which end

• in Di. as, Amándi, of loving, or of being loved.
• in Do. as, Amándo, in loving, or in being loved.
• in Dum. as, Amándum, to love, or to bee loved.

Two Supines, whereof

• The first endeth in um, and si∣gnifieth actively, as, Amá∣tum to love.
• The latter endeth in u, and si∣gnifieth passively, as, A∣mátu to bee loved.

* 1.20III. Five Tenses,

• 1. Present, which speaketh of the time that now is, as, Amo I do love.
• 2. Preter∣imperfect, which speaketh of the time not fully past & exprest before, as, Amábam I did love.
• 3. Preter∣perfect, which speaketh of the time fully past, as, Amávi I have loved.
• 4. Preter∣pluper∣fect, which speaketh of the time long ago past as, Amáve∣ram I had lo∣ved.
• 5. Future, which speaketh of the time to com, as, a∣mábo I shall love.

* 1.21IV. Three persons in both numbers, as in a Pronoun. page 14.

* 1.22V. Four Conjugations,

• The first hath a long before re and ris, as, Amáre, amáris▪
• The se∣cond hath e long before re and ris, as, Docére, docéris
• The third hath e short before re and ris, as, Légere légeris▪
• The 4^th hath i long before re and ris, as, Audíre, audíris.

In conjugateing Verbs wee are chie••ly to minde the first and second persons of the Present, and the first person of the Preter∣perfect tens of the Indicative mood; also, the Infinitive mood Present tense and the first Supine becaus of these all other moods and tenses are formed. The

All tenses that end in ram, rim, ssem, ro, sse, bee formed of the Preter-tens; the rest are formed of the Present tens.

• 1. person Sing. o, m, r. Plur. mus, mur.
• 2. cōmonly Sing. s, ris, re. Plur. tis, ni.
• 3. end's in Sing. t, tur. Plur. ut, ••tur.

The Verb Sum hath a proper manner of dec••ining, and helpeth to form the Passive voice.

Sum, es, fúi, ésse, to bee.

Indicative Mood.

• * 1.23Present.
  Sing.
  • ...1 SUm, I am.
  • ...2 SEs, thou art.
  • ...3 Est, hee is.
  Plur.
  • ...1 Súmus, Wee are.
  • ...2 Estis, yee are.
  • ...3 Sunt, they are.
• Preterimperf.
  Sing.
  • ...1 Eram, I was.
  • ...2 Eras, thou wast.
  • ...3 Erat, hee was.
  Plur.
  • ...1 Erámus, Wee were.
  • ...2 Erátis, yee were.
  • ...3 Erant, they were.
• Preterperfect.
  Sing.
  • ...1 Fúi, I have been.
  • ...2 Fuísti, thou hast been.
  • ...3 Fúit, hee hath been.
  Plur.
  • ...1 Fúimus, Wee have been.
  • ...2 Fuístis, yee have been.
  • ...3 Fuêrunt, they have been.
  • ...3 Fuêre, they have been.
• Preterpluperf.
  Sing.
  • ...1 Fúeram, I had been.
  • ...2 Fúras, thou hadst been.
  • ...3 Fúerat, hee had been.
  Plur.
  • ...1 Fuerámus, Wee had been.
  • ...2 Fuerátis, yee ha•• been.
  • ...3 Fúerant, thy 〈◊〉〈◊〉 been.
• ...

• Future.
  Sing.
  • ...1 Ero, I shall bee.
  • ...2 Er••s, thou shall bee
  • ...3 Erit, hee shall bee.
  Plur.
  • ...1 Erimus, Wee shall bee.
  • ...2 Eritis, yee shall bee.
  • ...3 Erunt, they shall bee.
  Imperative Mood.
  • Present.
    Sing.
    • ...2 Sis, es, ésto, Bee thou.
    • ...3 Sit, ésto, Let him bee.
    Plur.
    • ...1 Símus, Bee wee.
    • ...2 Sítis, éste, estóte, Bee yee.
    • ...3 Sint, súnto, Let them bee.
  Potential Mood.
  • Present.
    Sing.
    • ...1 Sim I may bee.
    • ...2 Sis, thou may'st bee.
    • ...3 Sit, hee may bee.
    Plur.
    • ...1 Símus, Wee may bee.
    • ...2 Sí••is, yee may bee.
    • ...3 Sint, they may bee.
  • Imperfect.
    Sing.
    • ...1 Essem, I might bee.
    • ...2 Esses, thou mightest bee.
    • ...3 Esset, hee might bee.
    Plur.
    • ...1 Essémus, Wee might bee.
    • ...2 Essétis, yee might bee.
    • ...3 Essent, they might bee.
  • ...

• ...
  • Preterperfect.
    Sing.
    • ...1 Fúerim, I might have been.
    • ...2 Fúeris, thou mightest have been.
    • ...3 Fúerit, hee might have been.
    Plur.
    • ...1 Fuérimus, Wee might have been.
    • ...2 Fuéritis, yee might have been.
    • ...3 Fúerint, they might have been.
  • Preterpluperf.
    Sing.
    • ...1 Fuíssem, I might to had been.
    • ...2 Fuísses, thou mightest to had been.
    • ...3 Fuísset, hee might to had been.
    Plur.
    • ...1 Fuis••émus, Wee might to had been.
    • ...2 Fuissétis, yee might to had been.
    • ...3 Fuíssent, they might to had been.
  • Future.
    Sing.
    • ...1 Fúero, I may bee hereafter.
    • ...2 Fúeris, thou mayest bee hereafter.
    • ...3 Fúerit, hee may bee hereafter.
    Plur.
    • ...1 Fuerímus, Wee may bee hereafter.
    • ...2 Fuerítis, yee may bee hereafter.
    • ...3 Fúerint, they may bee hereafter.

• ...
  Infinitive Mood.
  • Present and Imperfect Esse, to bee.
  • Perfect and Pluperf. Fuísse, to have or had been.
  • Future. Futúrum ésse, to bee hereafter.

• ...

  Verbs in [o] of the first Conjugation bee formed like Amo.

  Amo, ámas, amávi, amáre, amátum, to love.

  The Indicative Mood.
  • * 1.24Present.
    Sing.
    • 1 AMo, I love.
    • 2 Amas, thou lovest.
    • 3 Amat, hee loveth.
    Plur.
    • 1 Amámus, Wee love.
    • 2 Amátis, yee love.
    • 3 Amant▪ they love.
  • Preterimperfect.
    Sing.
    • 1 Amábam, I loved.
    • 2 Amábas, thou lovedst.
    • 3 Amábat, hee loved.
    Plur.
    • 1 Amabámus, Wee loved.
    • 2 Amabátis, yee loved.
    • 3 Amábant. they loved.
  • Preterperfect.
    Singular.
    • 1 Amávi, I have loved.
    • 2 Amavísti, thou hast loved.
    • 3 Amávit, hee hath loved.

• ...

  Verbs in [or] of the first Conjugation bee formed like A or.

  • Amor, amáris, amátus sum vel sui, amá¦ri. to bee loved
  • Amor, amáre, amátus sum vel sui, amá¦ri. to bee loved

The Indicative Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • 1 AMor, I am loved.* 1.25
  • 2 Amá¦ris, thou art loved.
  • 2 amáre, thou art loved.
  • 3 Amátur, hee is loved.
  Plur.
  • 1 Amámur, Wee are loved.
  • 2 Amámini, yee are loved.
  • 3 Amántur. they are loved.
• Preterimperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Amábar, I was loved.
  • 2 Amabáris, thou wast loved.
  • 2 Amabáre, thou wast loved.
  • 3 Amabátur, hee was loved.
  Plur.
  • 1 Amabámur, wee were loved.
  • 2 Amabámini, yee were loved.
  • 3 Amabántur, they were loved.
• Preterperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Amátus sum, I have been loved.
  • 1 Amátus fúi, I have been loved.
  • 2 Amátus es, thou hast been loved.
  • 2 Amátus fuísti, thou hast been loved.
  • 3 Amátus est, hee hath been loved.
  • 3 Amátus fúit, hee hath been loved.
• ...

• Preterperfect.
  Plural.
  • 1 Amávimus, Wee have loved.
  • 2 Amavístis, Yee have loved.
  • 3 Amavé∣runt, they have loved.
  • 3 Amavére, they have loved.
• Preterpluperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Amáveram, I had loved.
  • 2 Amáveras, thou hadst loved.
  • 3 Amáverat, hee had loved.
  Plur.
  • 2 Amaverá∣mus, Wee had loved.
  • Amaverátis, yee had loved.
  • 3 Amáverant, they had loved.
• Future.
  Sing.
  • 1 Amábo, I shall love.
  • 2 Amábis, thou shalt love.
  • 3 A•• ábit, hee shall love.
  Plur.
  • 1 Amábimus, Wee shall love.
  • 2 Amábitis, yee shall love.
  • 3 Amábunt, they shall love.
• ...

• Preterperfect.
  Plur.
  • 1 Amáti súmus, Wee have been loved.
  • 1 Amáti súimus, Wee have been loved.
  • 2 Amáti éstis, yee have been loved.
  • 2 Amáti fuís••is, yee have been loved.
  • 3 Amáti sunt, they have been loved.
  • 3 Amáti fuérunt they have been loved.
  • 3 Amáti fuére, they have been loved.
• Preterpluperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Amátus éram, I had been loved.
  • 1 Amátus fúeram, I had been loved.
  • 2 Amátus éras, thou hadst been loved.
  • 2 Amátus fúeras, thou hadst been loved.
  • 3 Amátus érat, hee had been loved.
  • 3 Amátus fúerat, hee had been loved.
  Plur.
  • 1 Amáti erámus, Wee had been loved.
  • 1 Amáti fuerám{us} Wee had been loved.
  • 2 Amáti erátis, yee had been loved.
  • 2 Amáti fuerátis, yee had been loved.
  • 3 Amáti érant, they had been loved.
  • 3 Amáti fúerant, they had been loved.
• Future.
  Sing.
  • 1 Amábor, I shall bee loved.
  • 2 Amáberis, thou shalt bee loved.
  • 2 Amábere, thou shalt bee loved.
  • 3 Amábitur, hee shall bee loved.
  Plur.
  • 1 Amábimur, Wee shall bee loved.
  • 2 Amabímini, yee shall bee loved.
  • 3 Amabúntur, they shall bee loved.

The Imperative Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • 2 Ama, Love thou.
  • 2 Amáto, Love thou.
  • 3 Amet, Let him love.
  • 3 Amáto, Let him love.
  Plural.
  • 1 Amémus, Love wee.
  • 2 Amáte, Love yee.
  • 2 Amatóte, Love yee.
  • 3 Ament, Love they.
  • 3 Aménto, Love they.

The Imperative Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • 2 Amáre, Bee thou loved.
  • 2 Amátor, Bee thou loved.
  • 3 Amétur, Let him bee loved.
  • 3 Amátor, Let him bee loved.
  Plur.
  • 1 Amémur, Bee wee loved.
  • 2 Amámini, Bee yee loved.
  • 2 Amáminor, Bee yee loved.
  • 3 Ame••tur, Let them bee loved.
  • 3 Amántor, Let them bee loved.

The Potential Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • 1 Amem, I may love.
  • 2 Ames, thou mayest love.
  • 3 Amet, hee may love.
  Plur.
  • 1 Amémus, Wee may love.
  • 2 Ametis, yee may love.
  • 3 Ament. they may love.
• Preterimperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Amárem, I might love.
  • 2 Amáres, y^u mightest love.
  • 3 Amáret, hee might love.
  Plur.
  • 1 Amarémus, Wee might love.
  • 2 Amarétis, yee might love.
  • 3 Amárent, they might love.
• Preterpluperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Amáverim, I might have loved.
  • 2 Amáveris, y^u mightest have loved.
  • 3 Amáverit, hee might have loved.
  Plur.
  • 1 Amavérimus Wee might have loved.
  • 2 Amavéritis, yee might have loved.
  • 3 Amáveri••t, they might have loved.

The Potential Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • 1 Amer, •• I may bee loved.
  • 2 Améris, thou mayest bee loved.
  • 2 Amére, thou mayest bee loved.
  • 3 Amétur, hee may bee loved.
  Plur.
  • 1 Amémur, Wee may bee loved.
  • 2 Amémini, yee may bee loved.
  • 3 Améntur, they may bee loved.
• Preterimperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Amárer, I might bee loved.
  • 2 Amaréris, y^u mighest bee loved.
  • 2 Amarére. y^u mighest bee loved.
  • 3 Amarétur, hee might bee loved.
  Plur.
  • 1 Amarémur, Wee might bee loved.
  • 2 Amarémini, yee might bee loved.
  • 3 Amarentur, they might bee loved.
• Preterperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Amátus sím, I might have been loved.
  • 1 Amátus fúerim, I might have been loved.
  • 2 Amátus ••ís, y^u mightest have been loved.
  • 2 Amátus fúeris, y^u mightest have been loved.
  • 3 Amátus sit, hee might have been loved.
  • 3 Amátus fuerit, hee might have been loved.
  Plur.
  • 1 Amáti símus, wee might have been loved.
  • 1 Amáti fuérimus, wee might have been loved.
  • 2 Amáti sítis, yee might have been loved.
  • 2 Amáti fuéritis, yee might have been loved.
  • 3 Amáti s••nt, they might have been loved.
  • 3 Amáti fúerint, they might have been loved.
• ...

• Preterpluperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Amavíssem, I might had loved.
  • 2 Amavísses, y^u mightest had loved.
  • 3 Amavísset, hee might had loved.
  Plur.
  • 1 Amavissémus Wee might had loved.
  • 2 Amavissé••is, yee might had loved.
  • 3 Amavísse••••t, they might had loved.
• Future.
  Sing.
  • 1 Amávero, I may love hereafter.
  • 2 Amáverit, thou mayest love hereafter.
  • 3 Amáverit, hee may love hereafter.
  Plur.
  • 1 Amaverimus Wee may love hereafter.
  • 2 Amaveritis, yee may love hereafter.
  • 3 Amáverint, they may love hereafter.
• ...

• Preterpluperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Amátus éssem, I might had been loved.
  • 1 Amátus fuíssem, I might had been loved.
  • 2 Amátus ésses, y^u mightest had been loved.
  • 2 Amátus fuísses, y^u mightest had been loved.
  • 3 Amátus ésset, hee might had been loved.
  • 3 Amátus fuisset, hee might had been loved.
  Plur.
  • 1 Amáti essémus, wee might had been loved.
  • 1 Amáti fuissémus, wee might had been loved.
  • 2 Amáti essétis, yee might had been loved.
  • 2 Amáti fuissétis, yee might had been loved.
  • 3 Amáti éssent, they might had been loved.
  • 3 Amáti fuíssent, they might had been loved.
• Future.
  Sing.
  • 1 Amátus éro, I may bee loved hereafter.
  • 1 Amátus fúero, I may bee loved hereafter.
  • 2 Amátus érit, y^u mayest bee loved hereafter.
  • 2 Amátus fúeris, y^u mayest bee loved hereafter.
  • 3 Amátus érit, hee may bee loved hereafter.
  • 3 Amátus fúerit, hee may bee loved hereafter.
  Plur.
  • 1 Amáti erímus, Wee may bee loved hereafter.
  • 1 Amáti fuerímus Wee may bee loved hereafter.
  • 2 Amáti erítis, yee may bee loved hereafter.
  • 2 Amáti fuerítis, yee may bee loved hereafter.
  • 3 Amáti érint, they may bee loved hereafter.
  • 3 Amáti fúerint, they may bee loved hereafter.

The Infinitive Mood.

• Present, and Imperfect. Amáre, to love.
• Preterperfect and Preterplup. Amavísse, to have •• had loved.
• Future. Amatúrum ésse, to love hereafter.

The Infinitive Mood.

• Present, and Imperfect. Amári, to love.
• Preterperfect and Preterplup. Amátum ésse, to have or had been loved.
• Preterperfect and Preterplup. Amátum fuisse, to have or had been loved.
• Future. Amátum iri. to be loved hereafter.
• Future. Amándum esse. to be loved hereafter.

Verbs in [o] of the second Conjugation bee formed like Dóceo.

Dóceo, dóces, dócui, docére, dóctum, to teach.

The Indicative Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • * 1.261 DOceo, I teach.
  • 2 Dóces, thou teachest.
  • 3 Dócet, he teacheth.
  Plur.
  • 1 Docémus, Wee teach.
  • 2 Dócétis, yee teach.
  • 3 Dócent. they teach.
• Preterimperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Decébam, I taught.
  • 2 Docébas, thou taught••
  • 3 Docébat, hee taught.
  Plur.
  • 1 Docebámus, Wee taught.
  • 2 Docebatis, yee taught.
  • 3 Docébant. they taught.
• Preterperfect.
  Singular.
  • 1 Dócui, I have taught.
  • 2 Docuísti, thou hast taught.
  • 3 Dócuit. hee hath taught.

Verbs in [or] of the second Conjugati∣on bee formed like Dóceor.

Dó∣ceor,

• ...docéris,
• ...dócere,

dóctus sum vel fui, do∣céri. to bee taught.

The Indicative Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • 1 DOceor, I am taught.* 1.27
  • 2 Docé∣ris, thou art taught.
  • 2 docére, thou art taught.
  • 3 Docétur, hee is taught.
  Plur.
  • 1 Docémur, Wee are taught.
  • 2 Docémini, yee are taught.
  • 3 Docéntur. they are taught.
• Preterimperfect.
  Sing
  • 1 Docébar, I was taught.
  • 2 Docebáris, thou wast taught.
  • 2 Docebáre, thou wast taught.
  • 3 Docebátur, hee was taught.
  Plur.
  • 1 Docebámur, Wee were taught.
  • 2 Docebámini, yee were taught.
  • 3 Docebántur. they were taught.
• Preterperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Dóctu•• sum, I have been taught.
  • 1 Dóctu•• fúi, I have been taught.
  • 2 Dóctu•• es, thou hast been taught.
  • 2 Dóctu•• fuísti, thou hast been taught.
  • 3 Dóctu•• est, hee hath been taught.
  • 3 Dóctu•• fúit, hee hath been taught.
• ...

• Preterperfect.
  Plural.
  • 1 Docúimus, Wee have taught.
  • 2 Docuistis, yee have taught.
  • 3 Docué∣runt, they have taught.
  • 3 Docuéré. they have taught.
• Preterpluperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Docúeram, I had taught.
  • 2 Docúeras, thou hadst taught.
  • 3 Docúerat, hee had taught.
  Plur.
  • 1 Docuerá∣mus, Wee had taught.
  • 2 Docuerátis, yee had taught.
  • 3 Docúerant. they had taught.
• Future.
  Sing.
  • 1 Docébo, I will teach.
  • 2 Docébis, thou wilt teach.
  • 3 Docébit, hee will teach.
  Plur.
  • 1 Docébimus, Wee will teach.
  • 2 Docébitis, yee will, teach.
  • 3 Docébunt. they will teach.
• ...

• Preterperfect.
  Plur.
  • 1 Dócti súmus, Wee have been taught.
  • 1 Dócti fúimus, Wee have been taught.
  • 2 Dócti éstis, yee have been taught.
  • 2 Dócti fuístis, yee have been taught.
  • 3 Dócti sunt, they have been taught.
  • 3 Dócti fuérunt they have been taught.
  • 3 Dócti fuére, they have been taught.
• Preterpluperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Dóctus éram, I had been taught.
  • 1 Dóctus fúeram, I had been taught.
  • 2 Dóctus éras, thou hadst been taught.
  • 2 Dóctus fúeras, thou hadst been taught.
  • 3 Dóctus érat, hee had been taught.
  • 3 Dóctus fúerat, hee had been taught.
  Plur.
  • 1 Dócti erámus, Wee had been taught.
  • 1 Dócti fuerámus, Wee had been taught.
  • 2 Dócti erátis, yee had been taught.
  • 2 Dócti fuerátis, yee had been taught.
  • 3 Dócti érant, they had been taught.
  • 3 Dócti fúerant. they had been taught.
• Future.
  Sing.
  • 1 Docébor, I shall bee taught.
  • 2 Docéberis, thou shalt bee taught.
  • 2 Docébere, thou shalt bee taught.
  • 3 Docébitur, hee shall bee taught.
  Plur.
  • 1 Docébimur, Wee shall bee taught.
  • 2 Docebímini, yee shall bee taught.
  • 3 Docebúntur. they shall bee taught.

The Imperative Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • 1 Dóce, Teach thou.
  • 1 Docéto, Teach thou.
  • 2 Dóceat, Let him teach.
  • 2 Docéto, Let him teach.
  Plural.
  • 1 Doceámus, Teach wee.
  • 2 Docéte, Teach yee.
  • 2 Docetóte, Teach yee.
  • 3 Dóceant, Let them teach.
  • 3 Docénto. Let them teach.

The Imperative Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • 1 Docére, Bee thou taught.
  • 1 Docétor, Bee thou taught.
  • 2 Doceátur, Let him bee taught.
  • 2 Docétor, Let him bee taught.
  Plural.
  • 1 Doceámur, Bee wee taught.
  • 2 Docémini, Bee yee taught.
  • 2 Docéminor, Bee yee taught.
  • 3 Doceántur, Let them bee taught.
  • 3 Docéntor. Let them bee taught.

The Potential Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • 1 Dóceam, I may teach.
  • 2 Dóceas, thou mayest teach.
  • 3 Dóceat, hee may teach.
  Plur.
  • 1 Doceámus, Wee may teach.
  • 2 Doceátis, yee may teach.
  • 3 Dóceant. they may teach.
• Preterimperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Docérem, I might teach.
  • 2 Docéres, y^u mightest teach.
  • 3 Docéret, hee might teach.
  Plur.
  • 1 Docerémus, Wee might teach.
  • 2 Docerétis, yee might teach.
  • 3 Docérent. they might teach.
• Preterpluperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Docúerim, I might have taught.
  • 2 Docúeris, y^u mightest have taught.
  • 3 Docúerit, hee might have taught.
  Plur.
  • 1 Docuérimus, Wee might have taught.
  • 2 Docuéritis, yee might have taught.
  • 3 Docúerint, they might have taught.

The Potential Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • 1 Dócear, I may bee taught.
  • 2 Doceáris, thou mayest bee taught.
  • 2 Doceáre, thou mayest bee taught.
  • 3 Doceátur, hee may bee taught.
  Plur.
  • 1 Doceámur, Wee may bee taught.
  • 2 Doceámini, yee may bee taught.
  • 3 Doceántur, they may bee taught.
• Preterimperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Docérer, I might bee taught.
  • 2 Doceréris, y^u mighest bee taught.
  • 2 Docerére. y^u mighest bee taught.
  • 3 Docerétur, hee might bee taught.
  Plur.
  • 1 Docerémur, Wee might bee taught.
  • 2 Docerémini, yee might bee taught.
  • 3 Doceréntur, they might bee taught.
• Preterperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Dóctus sím, I might have been taught.
  • 1 Dóctus fúerim, I might have been taught.
  • 2 Dóctus sís, y^u mightest have been taught.
  • 2 Dóctus fúeris, y^u mightest have been taught.
  • 3 Dóctus sít, hee might have been taught.
  • 3 Dóctus fúerit, hee might have been taught.
  Plur.
  • 1 Dócti símus, wee might have been taught.
  • 1 Dócti fuérimus, wee might have been taught.
  • 2 Dócti sítis, yee might have been taught.
  • 2 Dócti fuéritis, yee might have been taught.
  • 3 Dócti sînt, they might have been taught.
  • 3 Dócti fúerint, they might have been taught.
• ...

• Preterpluperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Docuíssem, I might had taught.
  • 2 Docuísses, y^u mightest had taught.
  • 3 Docuísset, hee might had taught.
  Plur.
  • 1 Docuissémus, Wee might had taught.
  • 2 Docuissétis, yee might had taught.
  • 3 Docuíssent. they might had taught.
• Future.
  Sing.
  • 1 Docúero, I may teach hereafter.
  • 2 Docúeris, thou mayest teach hereafter.
  • 3 Docúerit, hee may teach hereafter.
  Plur.
  • 1 Docuerímus, Wee may teach hereafter.
  • 2 Docuerítis, yee may teach hereafter.
  • 3 Docúerint. they may teach hereafter.
• ...

• Preterpluperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Dóctus éssem, I might had been taught.
  • 1 Dóctus fuíssem, I might had been taught.
  • 2 Dóctus ésses, y^u mightest had been taught.
  • 2 Dóctus fuísses, y^u mightest had been taught.
  • 3 Dóctus ésset, hee might had been taught.
  • 3 Dóctus fuísset, hee might had been taught.
  Plur.
  • 1 Dócti essémus, wee might had been taught.
  • 1 Dócti fuissém{us}, wee might had been taught.
  • 2 Dócti essétis, yee might had been taught.
  • 2 Dócti fuissétis, yee might had been taught.
  • 3 Dócti éss••nt, they might had been taught.
  • 3 Dócti fuíssent, they might had been taught.
• Future.
  Sing.
  • 1 Dóctus éro, I may bee taught hereafter.
  • 1 Dóctus fùero, I may bee taught hereafter.
  • 2 Dóctus éris, thou mayest bee taught hereafter.
  • 2 Dóctus fúeris, thou mayest bee taught hereafter.
  • 3 Dóctus érit, hee may bee taught hereafter.
  • 3 Dóctus fúerit, hee may bee taught hereafter.
  Plur.
  • 1 Dócti erímus, Wee may bee taught hereafter.
  • 1 Dócti fuerímus, Wee may bee taught hereafter.
  • 2 Dócti erítis, yee may bee taught hereafter.
  • 2 Dócti fuerítis, yee may bee taught hereafter.
  • 3 Dócti érint, they may bee taught hereafter.
  • 3 Dócti fùerînt. they may bee taught hereafter.

The Infinitive Mood.

• Present, and Imperfect. Docére, to teach.
• Preterperfect and Preterplup. Docuísse, to have or had taught.
• Future. Doctúrum ésse, to teach hereafter.

The Infinitive Mood.

• Present and Imperfect. Docéri, to bee taught.
• Preterperfect and Preterplup. Dóctum ésse, to have or had been taught.
• Preterperfect and Preterplup. Dóctum fuísse, to have or had been taught.
• Future. Dóctum íri, to bee taught hereafter.
• Future. Docéndum ésse, to bee taught hereafter.

Verbs in [o] of the third Conjugation bee formed like Légo.

Légo, légis, légi, legere, lectum, to read.

The Indicative Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • * 1.281 LEgo, I read.
  • 2 Légis, thou readest.
  • 3 Légit, hee readeth.
  Plur.
  • 1 Légimus, Wee read.
  • 2 Légitis, yee read.
  • 3 Légunt. they read.
• Preterimperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Legébam, I did read.
  • 2 Legébas, y^u didst read.
  • 3 Legébat, hee did read.
  Plur.
  • 1 Legebámus, Wee did read.
  • 2 Legebátis, yee did read.
  • 3 Legébant. they did read▪
• Preterperfect.
  Singular.
  • 1 Légi, I have read.
  • 2 Legí••ti, thou hast read.
  • 3 Légit, hee hath read.

Verbs in [or] of the third Conjugation bee formed like Légor.

Légor

• ...légeris,
• ...légere,

léctus sum vel fui, légi, to bee read.

The Indicative Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • 1 LEgor, I am read.* 1.29
  • 2 Lége∣ris, thou art read.
  • 2 Légere, thou art read.
  • 3 Légitur, hee is read.
  Plur.
  • 1 Légimur, Wee are read.
  • 2 Legímini, yee are read.
  • 3 Legúntur. they are read.
• Preterimperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Legébar, I was read.
  • 2 Legebáris, thou wast read.
  • 2 Legebáre, thou wast read.
  • 3 Legabátur, hee was read.
  Plur.
  • 1 Legebámur, Wee were read.
  • 2 Legebámini, yee were read.
  • 3 Legebántur, they were read.
• Preterperffct.
  Singular.
  • 1 Léctus, sum, I have been read.
  • 1 Léctus, fúi, I have been read.
  • 2 Léctus, es, thou hast been read.
  • 2 Léctus, fuísti, thou hast been read.
  • 3 Léctus est, hee hath been read.
  • 3 Léctus, fúit, hee hath been read.
• ...

• Preterperfect.
  Plur.
  • 1 Légimus, Wee have read.
  • 2 Legístis, yee have read.
  • 3 Legé∣runt. they have read.
  • 3 Legére. they have read.
• Preterpluperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Légeram, I had read.
  • 2 Légeras, thou hadst read.
  • 3 Légerat, hee had read.
  Plur.
  • 1 Legerámus, Wee had read.
  • 2 Legerátis, yee had read.
  • 3 Légerant. they had read.
• Future.
  Sing.
  • 1 Légam, I will read.
  • 2 Léges, thou wilt read.
  • 3 Léget, hee will read.
  Plur.
  • 1 Legémus, Wee will read.
  • 2 Legétis. yee will read.
  • 3 Légent. they will read.
• ...

• Preterperfect.
  Plur.
  • 1 Lécti súmus, Wee have been read.
  • 1 Lécti fúimus, Wee have been read.
  • 2 Lécti éstis, yee have been read.
  • 2 Lécti fuístis, yee have been read.
  • 3 Lécti sunt, they have been read.
  • 3 Lécti fuérunt they have been read.
  • 3 Lécti fuére, they have been read.
• Preterpluperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Léctus éram, I had been read.
  • 1 Léctus fúeram, I had been read.
  • 2 Léctus éras, thou hadst been read.
  • 2 Léctus fúeras, thou hadst been read.
  • 3 Léctus érat, hee had been read.
  • 3 Léctus fúerat, hee had been read.
  Plur.
  • 1 Lécti erámus, Wee had been read.
  • 1 Lécti fuerámus, Wee had been read.
  • 2 Lécti erátis, yee had been read.
  • 2 Lécti fuerátis, yee had been read.
  • 3 Lécti érant, they had been read.
  • 3 Lécti fúerant. they had been read.
• Future.
  Sing.
  • 1 Légar, I will bee read.
  • 2 Legéris, thou wilt bee read.
  • 2 Legére, thou wilt bee read.
  • 3 Legétur, hee will bee read.
  Plur.
  • 1 Legémur, Wee will bee read.
  • 2 Legémini, yee will bee read.
  • 3 Legéntur. they will bee read.

The Imperative Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • 2 Lége, Read thou.
  • 2 Légito, Read thou.
  • 3 Légat, Let him read.
  • 3 Légito, Let him read.
  Plural.
  • 1 Legámus, Read wee.
  • 2 Légite, Read yee.
  • 2 Legitóte, Read yee.
  • 3 Légont, Let them read.
  • 3 Legúnt••. Let them read.

The Imperative Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • 2 Légere, Bee thou read.
  • 2 Légitor, Bee thou read.
  • 3 Legátur, Let him bee read.
  • 3 Légitor, Let him bee read.
  Plural.
  • 1 Legámur, Bee wee read.
  • 2 Legímini, Bee yee read,
  • 2 Legíminor, Bee yee read.
  • 3 Legántur, Let them bee read.
  • 3 Legúntor. Let them bee read.

The Potential Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • 1 Légam, I may read.
  • 2 Légas, thou mayest read.
  • 3 Légat, hee may read.
  Plur.
  • 1 Legámus, Wee may read.
  • 2 Legátis, yee may read.
  • 3 Légant. they may read.
• Preterimperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Légerem, I might read.
  • 2 Légeres, y^u mightest read.
  • 3 Légeret, hee might read.
  Plur.
  • 1 Legerémus, Wee might read.
  • 2 Legerétis, yee might read.
  • 3 Légerent. they might read.
• Preterperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Légerim, I might 〈…〉〈…〉
  • 2 Légeris, y^u mightest 〈…〉〈…〉
  • 3 Légerit, hee might 〈…〉〈…〉
  Plur.
  • 1 Legérimus, Wee might 〈…〉〈…〉
  • 2 Legéritis, yee might 〈…〉〈…〉
  • 3 Légerint, they might 〈…〉〈…〉

The Potential Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • 1 Légar, I may bee read.
  • 2 Legáris, thou mayest bee read.
  • 2 Legáre, thou mayest bee read.
  • 3 Legátur, hee may bee read.
  Plur.
  • 1 Legámur, Wee may bee read.
  • 2 Legámini, yee may bee read.
  • 3 Legántur, they may bee read.
• Preterimperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Légerer, I might bee read.
  • 2 Legeréris, y^u mighest bee read.
  • 2 Legerére. y^u mighest bee read.
  • 3 Legerétur, hee might bee read.
  Plur.
  • 1 Legerémur, Wee might bee read.
  • 2 Legerémini, yee might bee read.
  • 3 Legeréntur, they might bee read.
• Preterperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Lectus sím, I might have been read.
  • 1 Lectus fúerim, I might have been read.
  • 2 Lectus sís, y^u mightest have been read.
  • 2 Lectus fúeris, y^u mightest have been read.
  • 3 Lectus sít, hee might have been read.
  • 3 Lectus fúerit, hee might have been read.
  Plur.
  • 1 Lecti símus, wee might have been read.
  • 1 Lecti fuérimus, wee might have been read.
  • 2 Lecti sítis, yee might have been read.
  • 2 Lecti fuéritis, yee might have been read.
  • 3 Lecti sínt, they might have been read.
  • 3 Lecti fúerint, they might have been read.
• ...

• Preterpluperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Legíssem, I might read.
  • 2 Legísses, y^u mightest read.
  • 3 Legísses, hee might read.
  Plur.
  • 1 Legissémus, Wee might read.
  • 2 Legissétis, yee might read.
  • 3 Legíssent. they might read.
• Future.
  Sing.
  • 1 Légero, I may read.
  • 2 Légeris, thou maiest read.
  • 3 Légerit, hee may read.
  Plur.
  • 1 Legerímus, Wee may read.
  • 2 Legerítis, yee may read.
  • 3 Lêgerint. they may read.
• ...

• Preterpluperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Léctus éssem, I might had been read.
  • 1 Léctus fuíssem, I might had been read.
  • 2 Léctus ésses, y^u mightest had been read.
  • 2 Léctus fuísses, y^u mightest had been read.
  • 3 Léctus ésset, hee might had been read.
  • 3 Léctus fuísset, hee might had been read.
  Plur.
  • 1 Lécti essémus, wee might had been read.
  • 1 Lécti fuissém{us}, wee might had been read.
  • 2 Lécti essétis, yee might had been read.
  • 2 Lécti fuissétis, yee might had been read.
  • 3 Lécti éssent, they might had been read.
  • 3 Lécti fuíssent, they might had been read.
• Future.
  Sing.
  • 1 Léctus éro, I may bee read hereafter.
  • 1 Léctus fúero, I may bee read hereafter.
  • 2 Léctus éris, thou mayest bee read hereafter.
  • 2 Léctus fúeris, thou mayest bee read hereafter.
  • 3 Léctus érit, hee may bee read hereafter.
  • 3 Léctus fúerit, hee may bee read hereafter.
  Plur.
  • 1 Lécti erímus, Wee may bee read hereafter.
  • 1 Lécti fuerímus, Wee may bee read hereafter.
  • 2 Lécti erítis, yee may bee read hereafter.
  • 2 Lécti fuerítis, yee may bee read hereafter.
  • 3 Lécti érint, they may bee read hereafter.
  • 3 Lécti fúerint. they may bee read hereafter.

The Infinitive Mood.

• Present, and Imperfect. Légere, to read.
• Preterperfect and Preterplup. Legísse, to have or had read.
• Future. Lectúrum ésse, to read hereafter.

The Infinitive Mood.

• Present and Imperfect. Légi, to bee read.
• Preterperfect and Preterplup. Léctum ésse, to have or had been read.
• Preterperfect and Preterplup. Léctum fuísse, to have or had been read.
• Future. Léctum íri, to bee read hereafter.
• Future. Legéndum ésse, to bee read hereafter.

Verbs in [o] of the fourth Conjugation bee formed like Aúdio.

Aúdio, aúdis, audívi, audíre, audítum, to hear.

The Indicative Mood.

• * 1.30Present.
  Sing.
  • 1 AUdio, I hear.
  • 2 Aúdis, thou hearest.
  • 3 Aúdit, hee heareth.
  Plur.
  • 1 Audímus, Wee hear.
  • 2 Audítis, yee hear.
  • 3 Aúdiunt. they hear.
• Preterimperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Audiébam, I heard.
  • 2 Audiébas, thou heardest
  • 3 Audiébat, hee heard.
  Plur.
  • 1 Audiebámus, Wee heard.
  • 2 Audiebátis, yee heard.
  • 3 Audiébant. they heard.
• Preterperfect.
  Singular.
  • 1 Audívi, I have heard.
  • 2 Audivísti, thou hast heard.
  • 3 Audívit. hee hath heard.

Verbs in [or] of the fourth Conjugati∣on bee formed like Aúdior.

Aú∣dior,

• ...audíris,
• ...audíre,

audítus sum vel fui, audí∣ri, to bee heard.

The Indicative Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • 1 AUdior, I am heard.* 1.31
  • 2 Audí∣ris, thou art heard.
  • 2 Audíre, thou art heard.
  • 3 Audítur, hee is heard.
  Plur.
  • 1 Audímur, Wee are heard.
  • 2 Audímini, yee are heard.
  • 3 Audiùntur. they are heard.
• Preterimperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Audiébar, I was heard.
  • 2 Audiebáris, thou wast heard.
  • 2 Audiebáre, thou wast heard.
  • 3 Audiebátur, hee was heard.
  Plur.
  • 1 Audiebámur, Wee were heard.
  • 2 Audiebámini, yee were heard.
  • 3 Audiebántur. they were heard.
• Preterperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Audítus sum, I have been heard.
  • 1 Audítus fui, I have been heard.
  • 2 Audítus es, thou hast been heard.
  • 2 Audítus fuísti, thou hast been heard.
  • 3 Audítus est hee hath been heard.
  • 3 Audítus fúit, hee hath been heard.

• ...
  Plur.
  • 1 Audívimus, Wee have heard.
  • 2 Audivístis, yee have heard.
  • 3 Audivé∣runt. they have heard.
  • 3 Audivére▪ they have heard.
• Preterpluperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Audíveram, I had heard.
  • 2 Audíveras, thou hadst heard.
  • 3 Audíverat, hee had heard.
  Plur.
  • 1 Audiverámus Wee had heard.
  • 2 Audiverátis, yee had heard.
  • 3 Audíverant. they had heard.
• Future.
  Sing.
  • 1 Aúdiam, I shall hear.
  • 2 Aúdies, thou shalt hear.
  • 3 Aúdiet, hee shall hear.
  Plur.
  • 1 Audiémus, Wee shall hear.
  • 2 Audiétis. yee shall hear.
  • 3 Aúdient. they shall hear.
• ...

• Preterperfect.
  Plural.
  • 1 Audíti súmus, Wee have been heard.
  • 1 Audíti fúimus, Wee have been heard.
  • 2 Audíti éstis, yee have been heard.
  • 2 Audíti fuístis, yee have been heard.
  • 3 Audíti sunt, they have been heard.
  • 3 Audíti fuérunt, they have been heard.
  • 3 Audíti fuére. they have been heard.
• Preterpluperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Audítus éram, I had been heard.
  • 1 Audítus fúeram, I had been heard.
  • 2 Audítus éras, thou hadst been heard.
  • 2 Audítus fúeras, thou hadst been heard.
  • 3 Audítus érat, hee had been heard.
  • 3 Audítus fúerat, hee had been heard.
  Plur.
  • 1 Audíti erámus, Wee had been heard.
  • 1 Audíti fuerámus, Wee had been heard.
  • 1 Audíti erátis, Wee had been heard.
  • 2 Audíti yee had been heard.
  • 3 Audíti fuerátis, they had been heard.
  • 3 Audíti érant, they had been heard.
  • 3 Audíti fúerant. they had been heard.
• Future.
  Sing.
  • 1 Aúdiar, I shall bee heard.
  • 2 Audiéris, thou shalt bee heard.
  • 2 Audiére, thou shalt bee heard.
  • 3 Audiétur, hee shall bee heard.
  Plur.
  • 1 Audiémur, Wee shall bee heard.
  • 2 Audiémini, yee shall bee heard.
  • 3 Audiéntur. they shall bee heard.

The Imperative Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • 2 Aúdi, Hear thou.
  • 2 Audíto, Hear thou.
  • 3 Aúdiat, Let him hear.
  • 3 Audíto, Let him hear.
  Plur.
  • 1 Audiámus, Hear wee.
  • 2 Audíte, Hear yee.
  • 2 Auditóte, Hear yee.
  • 3 Aúdiant, Let them hear.
  • 3 Audiúnto, Let them hrar.

The Imperative Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • 2 Audíre, Bee thou heard.
  • 2 Audítor, Bee thou heard.
  • 3 Audiátur, Let him bee heard.
  • 3 Audítor, Let him bee heard.
  Plur.
  • 1 Audiámur, Bee wee heard.
  • 2 Audímini, Bee yee heard.
  • 2 Audíminor, Bee yee heard.
  • 3 Audiántur, Let them bee heard.
  • 3 Audiúntur, Let them bee heard.

The Potential Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • 1 Aúdiam, I may hear.
  • 2 Aúdias, thou mayest hear.
  • 3 Aúdiat, hee may hear.
  Plur.
  • 1 Audiámus, Wee may hear.
  • 2 Audiátis, yee may hear.
  • 3 Aúdiant. they may hear.
• Preterimperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Audírem, I might hear.
  • 2 Audíres, y^u mightest hear.
  • 3 Audíret, hee might hear.
  Plur.
  • 1 Audirémus, Wee might hear.
  • 2 Audirétis, yee might hear.
  • 3 Audírent. they might hear.
• Preterperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Audíverim, I might have heard.
  • 2 Audíveris, y^u mightest have heard.
  • 3 Audíverit, hee might have heard.
  Plur.
  • 1 Audivérimus, Wee might have heard.
  • 2 Audíveritis, yee might have heard.
  • 3 Audíverint. they might have heard.

The Potential Mood.

• Present.
  Sing.
  • 1 Aúdiar, I may bee heard.
  • 2 Audiáris, thou mayest bee heard.
  • 2 Audiáre, thou mayest bee heard.
  • 3 Audiátur, hee may bee heard.
  Plur.
  • 1 Audiámur, Wee may bee heard.
  • 2 Audiámini, yee may bee heard.
  • 3 Audiántur, they may bee heard.
• Preterimperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Audírer, I might bee heard.
  • 2 Audiréris, y^u mightest bee heard.
  • 2 Audirére. y^u mightest bee heard.
  • 3 Audirétur, hee might bee heard.
  Plur.
  • 1 Audierémur, Wee might bee heard.
  • 2 Audirémini, yee might bee heard.
  • 3 Audiréntur, they might bee heard.
• Preterperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Audítus sím, I might have been heard.
  • 1 Audítus fúerim, I might have been heard.
  • 2 Audítus sís, y^u mightest have been heard.
  • 2 Audítus fúeris, y^u mightest have been heard.
  • 3 Audítus sít, hee might have been heard.
  • 3 Audítus fúerit, hee might have been heard.
• ...
  Plur.
  • 1 Audíti símus, wee might have been heard.
  • 1 Audíti fuérimus, wee might have been heard.
  • 2 Audíti sítis, yee might have been heard.
  • 2 Audíti fuéritis, yee might have been heard.
  • 3 Audíti sínt, they might have been heard.
  • 3 Audíti fúerint, they might have been heard.
• ...

• Preterpluperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Audivíssem, I might had heard.
  • 2 Audivísses, y^u mightest had heard.
  • 3 Audivísset, hee might had heard.
• ...
  Plur.
  • 1 Audivissémus, Wee might had heard.
  • 2 Audivissétis, yee might had heard.
  • 3 Audivíssent. they might had heard.
• Future.
  Sing.
  • 1 Audívero, I may hear hereafter.
  • 2 Audíveris, thou maiest hear hereafter.
  • 3 Audíverit, hee may hear hereafter.
• ...
  Plur.
  • 1 Audiverímus, Wee may hear hereafter.
  • 2 Audiverítis, yee may hear hereafter.
  • 3 Audíverint. they may hear hereafter.
• ...

• Preterpluperfect.
  Sing.
  • 1 Audítus éssem, I might had been heard.
  • 1 Audítus fuíssem, I might had been heard.
  • 2 Audítus ésses, y^u mightest had been heard.
  • 2 Audítus fuísses, y^u mightest had been heard.
  • 3 Audítus ésses, hee might had been heard.
  • 3 Audítus fuísset, hee might had been heard.
  Plur.
  • 1 Audíti essémus, wee might had been heard.
  • 1 Audíti fuissém{us}, wee might had been heard.
  • 2 Audíti essétis, yee might had been heard.
  • 2 Audíti fuissétis, yee might had been heard.
  • 3 Audíti éssent, they might had been heard.
  • 3 Audíti fuíssent, they might had been heard.
• Future.
  Sing.
  • 1 Audítus éro, I may bee heard hereafter.
  • 1 Audítus fúero, I may bee heard hereafter.
  • 2 Audítus éris, thou mayest bee heard hereafter.
  • 2 Audítus fúetis, thou mayest bee heard hereafter.
  • 3 Audítus érit, hee may bee heard hereafter.
  • 3 Audítus fúerit, hee may bee heard hereafter.
  Plur.
  • 1 Audíti erímus, Wee may bee heard hereafter.
  • 1 Audíti fuerímus, Wee may bee heard hereafter.
  • 2 Audíti eritis, yee may bee heard hereafter.
  • 2 Audíti fuerítis, yee may bee heard hereafter.
  • 3 Audíti érunt, they may bee heard hereafter.
  • 3 Audíti fúerint. they may bee heard hereafter.

The Infinitive Mood.

• Present and Imperfect. Audíre, to hear.
• Preterperfect and Preterplup. Audivísse, to have or had heard.
• Future Auditúrum ésse, to hear hereafter.

The Infinitive Mood.

• Present and Imperfect Audíri, to bee heard.
• Preterperfect and Preterplup. Audítum ésse, eo have or had been heard.
• Preterperfect and Preterplup. Audítum fúisse, eo have or had been heard.
• Future Audítum iri, to bee heard hereafter.
• Future. Audiéndum esse. to bee heard hereafter.

IV. Of a Participle.

* 1.32A Participle is a word which is declined (with case) like a Noun, and signifieth (to do or to suffer) like a Verb: as, Amans loving.

* 1.33There belong to a Participle,

• 1. Number. as to a Noun.
• 2. Case. as to a Noun.
• 3. Gender. as to a Noun.
• 4. Declension. as to a Noun.
• 5. Tens. as to a Verb.
• 6. Signification. as to a Verb.

There bee four kindes of Participles.

• 1. of the Pre∣sent tens. which endeth in
  • English in ing: as, loving
  • Latine in
    • ans, as ámans.
    • ens▪ as dócens
• 2. of the Pre∣ter tens. which endeth in
  • English in
    • d as loved.
    • t as taught.
    • n as slain.
  • Latine in
    • tus, as amátus▪
    • sus, as vísus.
    • xus, as néxus.
• 3. of the Future rus. which signi∣fieth actively: as amatú∣rus, to love.
• 4. in dus which signi∣fieth passively: as, aman∣dus, to bee loved.

* 1.34Participes of the Present tens bee declined like Adjectives of three Articles; the rest like Adjectives of three endings.

V. Of an Adverb.

AN Adverb is a word joyned to other words,* 1.35 the better to declare their signi∣fication, (or meaning:) as, Non ut olim erat, nunc est. It is not now, as it was in times past.

There bee sundry sorts of Adverbs accor∣ding to their sundry significations: for som signifie

• Time, as Hodie to day, cras to morrow, nunc now.
• Place, as Ubi where, ibi there, hîc here.
• Number, as Sémel once, bis twice, ter thrice
• Order, as Indè thereupon, deinde after∣wards, denique lastly.
• Asking, as Cur why? quorsum to what end.
• Calling, as Heus ho, chodum com hither a little.
• Affirming, as Certè truly, nae indeed, maximè yes.
• Denying, as Non not, haud scarce, mini∣mè no.
• Exhorting, as Agè go to, sodes if you dare.
• Wishing, as Utinam would to God▪ ô si O that.
• Parting, as Seórfim severally, bifáriam two wayes.
• Gathering together, as Simul together, unà in one, non solùm not onely.
• Choosing, as Potiùs rather, satiùs better.
• ...

• A thing not finished as Penè almost, vix scarcely, ferè in a manner.
• Shewing, as En behold, ecce lo.
• Doubting, as Forsan perhaps, fortassis per∣adventure.
• Chance, as Fortè by chance, fortúit ò as it fell out.
• Likeness, as Sic so, sicut as, quasi as if.
• Qualitie, as Bene well, malè ill, doctè learnedly, fórtiter valiantly.
• Quantitie, as Multùm much, parùm little.
• Compari∣son, as Tam as well, quàm as, aequè alike.

Certain Adverbs bee compared like Ad∣jectives: as, Doctè learnedly, doctiùs more lear∣nedly, doctissimè most learnedly.

Fortiter valiantly, fortiùs more valiantly, for∣tissimè very valiantly.

Propè near, própriùs nearer, Próximè next.

VI. Of a Conjunction.

A Conjunction is a word which joyneth other words together.* 1.36

According to their sundrie significations they bee

Copulatives, which couple both the sens and words▪ as, Et and, nec neither.

Disjunctives, which sever the sens not the words: as, Aut or, vel or.

Discretives, which imply a difference: as, Sed b••t, at but.

Caussals, which imply a reason: Nam for, quia becaus.

Conditionals, which imply a condition: as, Si if, dum so that.

Exceptives, which imply an exception: as, Ni unless.

Interrogatives, which ask a question: as, Ne, utrùm, whether or no.

Illatives, which infer somwhat: as, Ergò therefore.

Adversatives, which grant somwhat to bee said against: as, Etsi, quanquam, although.

Redditives, which give answer to the Ad∣versatives: as, Tam••n yet.

Electives, which imply a choice: as, Quàm as.

Diminitives, which lessen the meaning: as, Saltem at least.

Que and, ne whether or no, ve or, bee called Inclinatives becaus they turn back their sound into the last syllable of the word to which they are joyned: as, Super átne, is hee alive. Túque puérque tuus, both you and your boy.

VII. Of a Preposition.

A Preposition is a word (commonly) set before other words,* 1.37 and serving to an Accusative, or an Ablative case: as, Ad tem∣plum to the Church. A scholâ from the school.

Prepositions beeing set without a case be∣com Adverbs: as, Coram laudare, & clam vi∣tuperáre inhonestum est. It is a dishonest thing to commend a man in presence, and to disprais him privily.

Prepositions are set be∣fore other words in

• Apposi∣tion: as Ad patrem, u (my) father.
• Compo∣sition: as Indoctus, un∣taught.

VIII. Of an Interjection.

* 1.38AN Interjection is a word put in a∣mongst other words, to signifie som pas∣sion. And they bee expressions of

• Mirth. as Evax, hey brave. Vah how.
• Sorrow. as Heu alas. Hei welladay.
• Dread. as Atat, out alas.
• Marvelling as Papae! O strange!
• Disdaining as Hem! oh! Vah away!
• Shunning. as Apage, avant.
• Praising. as Euge, well don.
• Scorning. as Hui, whoo.
• Exclaiming. as Proh! oh!
• Cursing. as Vae, wo.
• Laughing. as Ha, ha, he.
• Calling. as Eho, so ho. Io, avoy.
• Silence. as Au, st. Pax whisht.

Somtimes other words are put into a speech in manner of Interjections: as, Amá∣bò of all loves. Malùm with a mischief.

* 1.39There belong's to the four parts of Speech undeclined, Signification, which is not so well to be known by Rules, as by daily use in reading and writing Latine.

LIB. II. Of the Construction of the eight parts of Speech.

FOr the due joyning of words in a Latine speech, there bee Rules of

• 1. Concor∣dance. whereby words Agree. Cap. 1.
• 2. Constru∣ction. whereby words Govern one ano∣ther. Cap. 2.

CAP. 1. Of the Concords.

There bee three Concords.

• The first between the Nominative case and the Verb, I.
• The second between the Substantive and the Adjective, II.
• The third between the Antecedent and the Relative Qui, III.

To which are added the Rules of

• the case of the Relative, IV·
• the Question and Answer, V

I. The Rule of the first Concord. [ I]

A verb Personal agreeth with its Nomi∣native case in number and person:* 1.40 as, Prae∣céptor légit, the master readeth, vos neglígitis, yee neglect.

[ II] II. The Rule of the second Concord.

* 1.41The Adjective agreeth with its Substan¦tive in case, gender, and number: as, Amíce certus, A sure friend, in re incertâ in a doubtful matter.

[ III] III. The Rule of the third Concord,

* 1.42The Relative (Qui) agreeth with its An∣tecedent in gender, number, and person: as, Vir sápit, qui scit tacere. The man is wise, th•••• knoweth to keep silence.

[ IV] IV. The Rule of the case of the Relative.

* 1.43When there commeth no Nominative case between the Relative and the Verb, the Rela∣tive shall bee the Nominative case to the Verb: as, Míser est, qui nummos admirátur. Wretched is hee, that admireth money.

But if there doth com a Nominative case between the Relative and the Verb, the Re∣lative shall bee governed of the Verb, or som other word in the same sentence: as, Felix, quem fáciunt aliéna perícula cáutum. Happy is hee whom others harms do make wary.

[ V] V. The Rule of the Question and the Answer.

* 1.44When a question is asked, the answer must bee made by the same case, and tens, that the question is asked by: as, Cújus est fundus? vicini. Whose ground is it? a neighbors. Quid agitis? studémus. What do yee? wee ply.

CAP. 2. Of the Construction of Nouns.

I. The Rule of Nouns Substantives. [ VI]

WHen two Substantives com together,* 1.45 and belong to divers things, the later shall bee the Genitive case: as, Facúndia Ci∣cerónis. Cicero's eloquence. Amátor studiórum, A lover of studies.

But if they beelong both to one thing, they shall bee both of one case: as, Páter méus vir ámat me puerum. My father a man loveth mee a childe.

II. The Rules of Adjectives with a Genitive case. [ VII]

These Adjectives govern a Genitive case: viz.

1. That signifie

• 1. Desire: as Cúpidus auri. Gree∣die of gold.
• 2. Knowledg: as, Expértus belli. Expert in war.
• 3. Remembrance: as, Mémor mor∣tis. Mindfull of death.
• 4. Ignorance: as, Ignátus omni∣um Ignorant of all things.
• 5. And such like: as, Réus furti▪ guilty of theft.

2. That are derived of verbs and end in ax: as, Vírtus est vitiórum fúgax. Vertue is a driver away of vices.

3. That are Partitives: as, Aliquis vestrûm. Si•• of you.

* 1.464. That are put parti∣tively, i.e. have of or among after them, whether they bee

• 1. Interrogatives: as, Qui vestrûm? Which of you?
• 2. Numerals: as, Quátu•• júdicum. Four judges.
• 3 Comparatives: as, Au∣rium mollio. The sis∣ter of the ears.
• 3 Superlatives: as, Digi∣tórum longíssimus. The longest of the fingers▪

[ VIII] III. The Rule of an Adjective with a Dative case.

* 1.47These Adjectives govern a Dative case: viz.

1. That signifie

• 1. Profit or disprofit: as, Utilis córpori. Profitable to the bodie.
• 3. Likeness or unlikeness: as, Idóneus bello. Fit for war.
• 3. Pleasure: as, Jucúndus omni∣bus. Pleasant to all.
• 4. Submitting: as, Parenti sup∣plex. Suppliant to his father.
• 5. Belonging to a thing: as, Mi••i próprium. Proper to mee.

2. That are derived of verbs, and are 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Passive signification ending in bilis: as▪ Flébilis ómnibus. To bee lamented of all.

[ IX] IV. The Rule of Adjectives with an Accusative case.

* 1.48Adjectives govern an Accusative case (and somtimes an Ablative) which signifieth the

length, breadth, or thickness of a thing: as, Túrris álta céntum pédes. A tower an hundred foot high.

Líber crássus

• ...tres póllices,
• ...tríbus pollícibus.

A booke three inches thick.

V. The Rule of Adjectives with an [ X] Ablative case.

These Adjectives govern an Ablative case: viz.

1. That are of the Comparative degree, and have then or by after the••: as, Frigídior glácie. Colder then ice. Uno péde altior.* 1.49 Higher by one foot.

2.

• Dignus, as Dignus honóre. Worthie ho∣nor.
• Indignus, as Indignus tanto honóre. Un∣worthie so great honor.
• Praeditus, as Praeditus virtúte. Endued with vertue.
• Cáptus, as Cáptus óculis. Deprived of his eyes.
• Conténtus, as Páucis conténtus. Content with a few things.

3. Nouns of diversitie govern an Ablative case with a Preposition: as, Aliud ab hoc.* 1.50 Another thing from this.

4. Adjectives and verbs,* 1.51 that signifie plen∣tie or want will have an Ablative, and som∣times a Genitive case: as, Cópi•• abundans. Abounding with plentie. Ditíssimus ágri. Very rich in g••ound. Cáres virtute. Thou wantest vertue.

5. Any Adjective or Verb will have an Ablative case:

1. Of the Instrument: as, Ense válidus. Stout at the sword. Férit gládio. Hee striketh with a sword.

2. Of the caus: as, Pállidus irâ. Pale with anger. Táceo metu. I hold my tongue for fear.

* 1.523. Of the manner of doing, and of the measure: as, Nómine Grammáticus. A Gram∣marian by name. Senécta vénit tácito péde. O•• age cometh with a silent foot. Pléno se prol•• auro. Hee wash't himself in a full cup of gold▪ Longo proximus intervallo. The next at a l••••g distance.

* 1.536. Adjectives and Verbs of buying and selling will have an Ablative case of the price as, Vílis vigínti míuis. Cheap of twentie pound▪ Véndidit asse. Hee sold it for a farthing.

* 1.547. Adjectives, and verbs Passives, and Neuters, that signifie some propertie or pas∣sion, will have an Ablative or an Accusati•• case signifying the part or place wherein the propertie or passion is: as,

Aeger

• ...pédes,
• ...pédibus.

Diseased in the feet.

Aegrótat

• ...ánimi,
• ...ánimo.

Hee is troubled in minde.

[ XI] VI. The Rule of the Ablative case absolute.

A Noun, or Pronoun Substantive joy∣ned with a Participle (expressed or under∣stood, and having no other word whereof •• may bee governed) shall bee put in the Abla∣tive case absolute: as, Rége veniénte. Ti•• King coming. Me dúce. I beeing the leader. (Of thus) When I am leader.

CAP. 3. Of the Construction of Verbs.

I. The Rule of Verbs with a No∣minative [ XII] case.

THese verbs govern a Nominative case: viz.

1. Verbs substantives: as, Fáma est má∣lum. Fame is an evil thing.

2. Certain passives of calling: as, Croesus vocátur díves. Croesus is called rich.

3. Verbs of gesture: as, Pétrus incédit cláudus. Peter goeth lame.

4. And all verbs with Adjectives: as, Ló∣quor fréquens. I speak often.

II. The Rule of Verbs with a Ge∣nitive case. [ XIII]

These verbs govern a Genitive case: viz.

1. Sum,* 1.55 when it signifieth pertaining to a thing: as, Haec véstis est pátris. This garment is my fathers.

2. Verbs that beetoken to esteem or regard:* 1.56 as, Párvi dúcitur próbitas. Honestie is reckoned little worth.

3. Verbs of accusing, condemning,* 1.57 warn∣ing, or acquitting of the fault: as, Admónuit ••e erráti. Hee warned mee of my mistake.

4. Sátago, to bee busie about. Miséreor,* 1.58 to have mercie, and Miserésco, to take pitie: as, Rérum ••átum sátagit. Hee is busie about his own matters.

5. Reminiscor, to remember. Obliviscor,* 1.59 to

forget, and Memini, to remember: as, Reminí∣scor históriae. I remember the storie. Fáciam, ut mei memíneris. I will make that thou shalt re∣member mee.

[ XIV] IV. The Rule of Verbs with a Da∣tive case.

These verbs will have a Dative case.

1. All manner of verbs which have com∣monly these signs to or for after them: as, Huic hábeo. I have it for him.

And to this Rule belong verbs that be∣token,

• 1. To profit, or disprofit: as, Bónis nócet, qui mális párcit. Hee hurteth the good, who spa∣reth the bad.
• * 1.602. To compare: as, Párvis compónere mágna. To compare great things with small.
• 3. To give or restore: as, Fortúna núlli sátìs dédit. Fortune hath given enough to none.
• 4. To promise or to pay: as, Hoc tibi pro∣mítto. I promise you this.
• 5. To command or to shew: as, Pecúnia cúique ímperat. Money command's everyone. Cáve cui dícas. Take heed to whom you speak.
• 6. To trust: as, Víde, cui fídas. See, when thou trustest.
• 7. To obey or bee against: as, Píus fílius obtémperat pátri. A dutifull son obeyeth ••is father.
• 8. To threaten, or to bee angrie with: as, Iráscor tibi. I am angry at thee.

* 1.612. Sum with its compaunds: as, Urbi pá∣ter est, Hee is a father to the citie.

3. Verbs compounded with the Adverbs, Sátis, béne málè, and the Prepositions, Prae, ad, con, sub, ante, post, ob, in, and inter: as, Benefécit multis, malefécit nulli. Hee hath don good to many, hee hath don harm to none.

IV. The Rule of Verbs with an Ac∣cusative [ XV] case.

Verbs transitives are all such as have after them an Accusative case of the doer or sufferer:* 1.62 as, Usus prómptos fácit. Use maketh men readie.

V. The Rule of Verbs with an [ XVI] Ablative case.

These verbs govern an Ablative case: viz.

I. All verbs; so that the Ablative case bee

• 1. Of the instrument.
• 2. Of the cause.
• 3. Of the manner, or measure of doing.

II. Verbs of buying and selling.

III Verbs that signifie som propertie or passion.

IV. Verbs of plentie or want * 1.63.

V. Some deponents and neuters: as, Fún∣gor, f••••or, útor, &c. as, Fúngere officio. Dis∣charge thy dutie. Utere virtúte. Use virtue. Vé∣scor cárne. I eat fl••sh.

VI. Verbs of compareing or exceeding: as, Praefero hunc multis grádibus, I prefer him by many degrees.

VII. Verbs of receiving, distance,* 1.64 or taking away, with a Preposition, and somtimes a Dative: as, Erípuit illum á flammâ. Hee took

him from the flame. Erípuit illi vitam. Hee took his life from him.

[ XVII] VIII. The Rule of verbs Passives.

* 1.65Verbs Passives will have after them an Ablative case with a Preposition, and som∣times a Dative: as,

• ...Honésta petúntur bónis víris,
• ...Honésta petúntur à bónis víris,

Honest things are desired of good men.

So will also Méreor: as, De me bére méritus est. Hee deserved well from mee.

[ XVIII] IX. The Rule of Verbs with di∣vers cases.

The same verb may have divers cases in a severall respect: as, Dédit mihi vestem pígno••▪ te praesénte, próprià mānu. Hee gave mee his garment for a pawn, thou being present, with his own hand.

[ XIX] X. The Rule of the Infinitive Mood.

Verbs of the Infinitive mood are set after Verbs or Adjectives: as, Vis fíeri díve••▪ Wilt thou bee made rich? Pátiens vocári. End∣ring to be called.

CAP. 4. Of the Construction of Ge∣runds and Supines.

[ XX] I. The Rule of both Gerunds and Supines.

GErunds and Supines will have s•• case as the verbs that they com of: as▪

Uténdum est aetáte. Wee must use age. Audîtum conciónem. To hear a Sermon.

II. The Rule of the Gerund in Di. [ XXI]

The Gerund in di may bee used after cer∣tain Substantives and Adjectives governing a Genitive case: as, Amor habéndi.* 1.66 The love of having. Non est narrandi lócus. There is no place of telling.

III. The Rule of the Gerund in Do. [ XXII]

The Gerund in do is used with one of these Prepositions, a, ab, abs, de, e, ex, cum, in, pro: and after a Verb: as, Cogitat de edendo. Mee thinketh of eating. Docéndo díscimus. Wee learn by teaching.

IV. The Rule of the Gerund in Dum. [ XXIII]

The Gerund in Dum is used after one of these Prepositions, inter, ante, ad, ob, propter: as, Chrístus vénit própter rediméndum. Christ came to redeem us.

V. The Rule of the first Supine. [ XXIV]

The first Supine is put after Verbs and Participles that betoken moving to a place: as, Spectátum véniunt. They com to see.

VI. The Rule of the later Supine. [ XXV]

The later Supine is put after nouns Ad∣jectives: as, Fácile fáctu. Easie to bee don.

CAP. 5. Of the Construction of Time, Space, and Place.

[ XXVI] I. The Rule of Time.

NOuns that betoken part of time bee com∣monly put in the Ablative case; but nouns which betoken continued time but commonly put in the Accusative case••: as, Nócte vígilas. Thou wakest by night. Hyem•• tótam stértis. Thou snortest all winter.

[ XXVII] II. The Rule of Space.

Nouns that shew Space between place and place bee commonly put in the Accusative case: as, Pédem hinc nè discédas. Depart not a ••o•• hence.

[ XXVIII] III. The Rule of Place.

* 1.671. Common, and proper names of great places: (as, of Countries, Shires, buildings, &c.) that signifie in, to, from, or by a place, b•••• used with a Preposition: as, Vívo in Anglii I live in England. Proficíscor ex urbe. I go •••• of the citie.

* 1.682. Proper names of Cities of the first or second Declension and singular number, that signifie in or ••t a place bee put in the Genitive case; but if they bee of the third Declension or plural number onely, they be put in the Ad∣lative case: as, Stúduit Oxoniae. Hee studies at Oxford. Athenis natus est. Hee was borne Athens.

3. Proper names of Cities that signifie to a place, bee put in the Accusative case; and they that signifie from a place bee put in the Ablative: as, Eo Cantabrigiam. I go to Cam∣bridg. Pater rediit Londino. My father is re∣turned from London.

Domus and rus follow the Rules of Cities: as, Dómi fúit. Hee hath been at home. Dómum eo. I go home. Dómo redeo. I return from home.

CAP. 6. Of the Construction of Im∣personals, and Participles.

I. The Rule of Impersonals. [ XXIX]

Certain Impersonals govern

• 1. A Genitive case: viz. Interest, resert, and est for interest: as, Interest ómnium rectè ágere. It concerneth all to do well. Refert múltum Reipúblicae. It much concerneth the Common-wealth.
• 2. A Dative case: viz. Líbet, lícet, pá∣tet, &c. as, Peccáre némini lícet. It is lawful for none to sin.
• 3. An Accusative case only: viz. Júvat, décet, opórter, deléctat: as, Opórtet me dícere. It behoveth mee to say.
• 4. An Accusative with a Genitive: viz. Poenitet, taedet, míseret, púdet, píget: as, Poenitet illum peccáti. It repent's him of his sin.
• 5. An Accusative with the Prepositi∣on ad: viz. Attinet, pertinet, spectat: as, Spectat ad omnes bene vívere. I belong's to all to live well.

[ XXX] II. The Rule of Participles.

Participles govern such cases as the verbs that they com of: as, Fruitúrus ámicis. About to enjoy his friends.

CAP. 7. Of the Construction of words undeclined.

[ XXXI] I. The Rule of Adverbs.

1. EN and ecce shewing, will have Nomina∣tive case with a Dative: as, En Pría∣mus. Behold Priam. Ecce tibi státus noster. But an Accusative in disgrace: as, En mentem. L•• his disposition.

* 1.692. Adverbs of place, time and quantitie, will have a Genitive case: as, Tunc temporis. At that time.

* 1.703. Adverbs derived of Adjectives and Prepositions govern their cases: as, Cánit simíliter huic. Hee sing's like this man. Própiùs urbem. Nearer the citie.

[ XXXII] II. The Rule of Conjunctions.

* 1.71Conjunctions Copulatives, and Disjun∣ctives, with these four, quàm, nisi, praeterquam, an, do commonly couple like cases, and like moods and tenses: as, Petrus & Joánnes pre∣cabántur & docebant. Peter and John did pray and teach.

III. The Rule of Prepositions. [ XXXIII]

1. One and thirtie Prepositions serv to the Accusative case: viz. Ad to. Apud at. Ante before. Adversùs, Adversùm against. Cis, citra on this side. Circa, circiter, circùm about. Contra against. Erga towards. Extra without. Inter between. Intra within. Infra below. Juxta beside. Ob for. Penès in the power. Per by. Ponè behinde. Post after. Praeter besides. Propter for. Prope nigh to. Secundùm according to. Secus by. Supra above. Trans on the further side. Versus to∣wards. Ultra beyond.

2. Twelv Prepositions serv to an Ab∣lative case: viz. A, ab, abs of or from. Absque without. Coram before. Cum with. De of or con∣cerning▪ E, ex, out of. Prae before. Sinè without. Pro for.

3. Five Prepositions serv to an Accu∣sative case, or an Ablative: viz. Clam privily. In in or into. Sub under. Subter under. Supra upon. To which add tenus up to, which will have a Genitive or an Ablative case: as, Cá∣pulo ténus. Up to the bilt. Génuum ténus. Up to the knees.

4. These Prepositions are alwayes set in Composition: viz.

• Am about. as Ambio to go about.
• Di from as Dívido to divide.
• Dis from as Dis júngo to disjoyn.
• Re back. as Rédeo to go back.
• Se asunder. as Sepóno to put asunder.
• Con together, as Compóno to put together.

5. A Preposition is somtimes wanting, and somtimes abounding: as, Lóco parentis.

In stead of a father. Abstine à vino. Absta•••• from wine.

6. A Preposition in composition govern's the case which it governed in apposition: as, Praetereo te. I pass by thee.

[ XXXIV] IV. The Rule of Interjections.

Among the Interjections som govern ca∣ses: viz.

O, a Nominative, an Accusative, and •• Vocative: as, O festus dies O m••rrie day.

Pro, proh, ah, and vah, an Accusative or a Vocative: as, Proh fídem. Oh the faith.

Hei and vae a Dative: as, Vae tíbi. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to thee.

Hem and apage an Accusative: as, Hem astútias. Fie upon crafts. Apage cánem. A•• dog.

Heu a Nominative, a Dative, and an Ac∣cusative: as, Heu me míserum. Ay mee 〈◊〉〈◊〉 man.

[ XXXV] V. The Rule of words wanting.

Many words are not expressed but under∣stood in a Latine speech: as, Prope Sanctae Mariae. Neer Saint Maries Church. Caenas, ubi ego. Thou suppest where I sup.

CAP. 8. Of the Rules to know the Genders of Nouns.

I. The Rules of Proper names.

1. PRoper names which are given to males are Masculines: as,

• 1. Of Gods: as, Mars, tis.
• 2. Of Men: as, Cáto, tónis.
• 3. Of Rivers: as, Tíbris, bris.
• 4. Of Moneths: as, October, bris,
• 5. Of ••indes: as, Lybs, bis.

2. Proper names which are given to fe∣males are of the Feminine gender: as,

• 1. Of Goddesses: as, Júno, nónis.
• 2. Of women: as, Anna, nae.
• 3. Of Countries: as, Graecia, ae.
• 4. Of Cities: as, Elis, lidis.

II. The general Rules of Common names.

1. Common names of Trees bee feminines: as, Cédrus, dri, A cedar.

2. The names of Birds, beasts and Fish, bee of the Epicene gender. as

• ...Passer, ĕ••is
• ...A sparrow.
• ...Vulpes, pis
• ...A fox.
• ...Cetus, ti.
• ...A whale.

3. Nouns

• that end in um, as Ovum, an egg. are of the neu∣ter gen∣der.
• that change not their ending, as Nihil, nothing. are of the neu∣ter gen∣der.

III. The special Rules of Common names.

1. A noun that increaseth not in the Geni∣tive case singular, is for the most part of the Feminine gender: as, Cápra, cáprae. A sh•• goat.

2. A noun that encreaseth long is for the most part of the feminine gender: as, Píeta••, pietátis. Godliness.

3. A noun that increaseth short is for the most part of the Masculine gender: as, Sán∣guis, sánguinis. blood.

• A noun in∣creaseth long when the last syl∣lable save one in the Genitive case singular sound's long▪
• A noun in∣creaseth short when the last syl∣lable save one in the Genitive case singular sound's short.

IV. The Rules of Adjectives.

1. An Adjective of one ending is of the common of three: as, Hic, haec, & hoc Feli••, happie.

2. An Adjective of two endings is in the first of the Common of two genders, and in the second of the Neuter: as, hic & h•••• Omnis, & hoc omne. All.

3. An Adjective of three endings is in the first of the Masculine gender, in the second of the Feminine, in the third of the Neuter: as, Sacer, sacra, sacrum. Holie.

CAP. 9. Of the Rules to know the Preterperfect tens and Su∣pines of Verbs.

I. The Rules of the Preterperfect tenses of Verbs.

1. IN the first Conjugation as in the Present tens makes avi in the Preterperfect-tens:* 1.72 as, No, nas, návi. To swim.

2.* 1.73 In the second Conjugation es in the Present tens makes iii in the Preterperfect tens: as, Nígreo, nígres, nígrui. To bee black.

3. In the third Conjugation,

• Bo in the Present tens is turned into Bi in the Preterperfect: as, Lámbo, lámbi. To lick.* 1.74
• Co in the Present tens is turned into Ci in the Preterperfect: as, Vínco, ví••i. To overcom.
• Do in the Present tens is turned into Di in the Preterperfect: as, Mándo, mándi. To eat.
• Go in the Present tens is turned into Xi in the Preterperfect: as, Júngo, júnxi. To joyn.
• Ho in the Present tens is turned into Xi in the Preterperfect: as, Tráho, tráxi. To draw.
• Lo in the Present tens is turned into Ui in the Preterperfect: as, Cólo, cólui. To worship.
• Mo in the Present tens is turned into Ui in the Preterperfect: as, Vómo, vómui. To vomit.
• No in the Present tens is turned into Vi in the Preterperfect: as, Síno, sívi. To suffer.
• Po in the Present tens is turned into Psi in the Preterperfect: as, Scálpo, scálpsi. To scratch.
• Quo in the Present tens is turned into Qui in the Preterperfect: as, Línquo, líqui. To leav.
• Ro in the Present tens is turned into Vi in the Preterperfect: as, Séro, sévi. To sow.
• So in the Present tens is turned into Sivi in the Preterperfect: as, Arcés••o, arcessívi. To go to call.
• Sco in the Present tens is turned into Vi in the Preterperfect: as, Pásco, pávi. To feed.
• To in the Present tens is turned into Ti in the Preterperfect: as, Vérto, vérti. To turn.
• Ecto in the Present tens is turned into Exi in the Preterperfect: as, Flécto, fléxi. To bend.
• Vo in the Present tens is turned into Vi in the Preterperfect: as, Vólvo, vólvi. To roll over.
• Xo in the Present tens is turned into Ui in the Preterperfect: as, Téxo, téxui. To weav.
• Cio in the Present tens is turned into Ci in the Preterperfect: as, Fácio, féci. To make.
• Dio in the Present tens is turned into Di in the Preterperfect: as, Fódio, fódi. To dig.
• ...

• Gio is turned into Gi as Fúgio, fúgi. To slee.
• Pio is turned into Pi as Cápio, cépi. to take.
• Rio is turned into Ri as Pário, péperi. To bring forth
• Tio is turned into Ssi as Qu••tio, quás••i. To shake.
• Uo is turned into Ui as Strúo, strúxi. To build.

* 1.754· In the fourth Conjugation is in the Present tens make's ívi in the Preterperfect tens: as, Scío, scis, scívi. To know.

* 1.765. Verbs compounded have the same Pre∣terperfect tens with the simple verbs: as, Dó∣ceo, dóces, dócui. To teach. Edóceo, edóces, edócui. To teach perfectly.

6. Verbs in or make their Preterperfect tens of the later Supine by changing u into us, and putting to sum vel sui: as, of Lectu to bee read, is made lectus sum vel sui, I have been read.

II. The Rules of the Supines of Verbs.

All Supines end in tum, sum, xum.

1. The Supine is known by the Preter∣perfect tens, for

• Bi in the Preterperfect tens is turned into tum in the Supine: as, Bíbi, bibitum. To drink.
• Ci in the Preterperfect tens is turned into ctum in the Supine: as, Víci, víctum. To overcom.
• Di in the Preterperfect tens is turned into sum in the Supine: as, Vídi, vísum. To see.
• Gi in the Preterperfect tens is turned into ctum in the Supine: as, Légi, léctum. To read.
• Li in the Preterperfect tens is turned into sum in the Supine: as, Sálli, sálsum. To salt.
• Mi in the Preterperfect tens is turned into tum in the Supine: as, Emi, émptum. To buy.
• Ni in the Preterperfect tens is turned into tum in the Supine: as, Véni, véntum. to com.
• Pi in the Preterperfect tens is turned into tum in the Supine: as, Cépi, cáptum. To take.
• Qui in the Preterperfect tens is turned into tum in the Supine: as, Líqui, lictum. To leav.
• Ri in the Preterperfect tens is turned into sum in the Supine: as, Vérri, vérsum. To brush.
• Si in the Preterperfect tens is turned into sum in the Supine: as, Visi, vísum. To visit.
• Psi in the Preterperfect tens is turned into ptum in the Supine: as, Scripsi, scríptum. To write
• Ti in the Preterperfect tens is turned into tum in the Supine: as, Stéti, státum. To stand.
• Vi in the Preterperfect tens is turned into tum in the Supine: as, Flávi, státum. To blow.
• Ui in the Preterperfect tens is turned into itum in the Supine: as, Dó nui, dó nitū. To tame.
• Xi in the Preterperfect tens turned into tum in the Supine: as, Vínxi, vínctum. To binde.

2. Verbs compounded have the same Su∣pine with the simple verb: as, Dóctum, To teach. Edóctum, To teach perfectly.

CAP. 10. Of certain Figures in Latine words.

THere bee especially six Figures in words.

• Prós∣thesis, which add's a letter or syllable to y^e begining of a word: as, Gnátus,
• Aphae∣resis, which take's away a letter or syllable from the begin∣ning: as, Témnit.
• Epén∣thesis, which put's in a letter or syllable in the middle: as, Induperátor.
• Syn cope, which take's out a letter or syllable from the middle: as, Dîxti.
• Para∣góge, which put's to a letter or syllable to the end: as, Dícier.
• Apó∣cope. which take's away a letter or syllable from the end: as, Ingeni.

CAP. 11. Directions for making Latine.

WHen you have an English speech to make into Latine.

1. Read it often over, and observ the pauses in it.

2. Divide it into Sentences according to the several Periods, or full stops.

3. In every sentence consider every seve∣ral word, whether it bee

• 1. a Sign, or
• 2. a part of Speech.

1. A Sign is a word in our English which is not made into Latine it self, bee sheweth how the word to which it is joyned ought to bee made in Latine. Or, a Sign is a word which it self signifieth nothing, bee sheweth how another word signifieth.

In our English speech there bee chiefly these signs.

1. A, an, and the, bee signs of a noun Sub∣stantive.

2. Of after a noun, is a sign of the Genitive case; but after a verb, it's a Preposition.

3. To, before a noun is a sign of the D••∣tive case; but before a verb is a sign of the Infinitive mood.

4. By and then after the Comparative de∣gree, bee signs of the Ablative case.

5. Own is a sign of a Pronoun Possessive.

6.

• ...More
• ...Most
• ...Very

before an Adjective is a sign

• of the Com∣parative
• of the Super∣lative

degree.

7.

• Am, art, is, bee signs of the Passive voyce.
• are, was, wast, bee signs of the Passive voyce.
• were, bee, been, bee signs of the Passive voyce.
• with a verb, bee signs of the Passive voyce.

8.

• May, can, bee signs of the Potential mood.
• might, bee signs of the Potential mood.
• ought, bee signs of the Potential mood.
• would, bee signs of the Potential mood.
• should, bee signs of the Potential mood.
• could. bee signs of the Potential mood.

9.

• Do, dost, doth, bee signs of the Present tens.
• did, didst, bee signs of the Preterimperfect tens.
• have, hath, hast, bee signs of the Preterperfect tens.
• had, hadst, bee signs of the Preterpluperfect tens.
• shall, will and hereafter with a verb bee signs of the Future. tens.

10.

• About, are signs of the Participle of the Future in Rus.
• like to, are signs of the Participle of the Future in Rus.

11.

• It, before a verb is a sign of a verb Imper∣sonal, or of a Nominative case set after the verb.
• there, before a verb is a sign of a verb Imper∣sonal, or of a Nominative case set after the verb.

II. A part of speech is a word which it self signifieth somwhat; touching every such word, 1. Consider whether it bee

• A Noun which na∣meth a thing
  • by it self, and is Sub∣stantive,
  • with ano∣ther and is Adje∣ctive.
• A Pronoun which is put in stead of a Noun.
• A Verb which sheweth what a thing is, doth, or suffereth.
• A Participle which endeth like a Noun, and si∣gnifieth like a Verb.
• An Adverb which explaineth other words.
• A Conjunct. which coupleth other words.
• A Preposi∣tion. which serve's to a case.
• An Interje∣ction. which sheweth som passion.

2. Enquire the Latine for it by looking in the Dictionarie, or otherwise, and regarding

especially the first word, and how others fall from it.

2. The first word in a noun is the Nomi∣native case singular, and in a verb, the Indi∣cative mood, Present tens, Singular num∣ber, and first Person.

3. Before you set down the Latine word, consider whether it bee declined, or undecli∣ned, and what belong's to it,

I. In respect of it self; as, if it bee

• ...1. A Noun
  • Sub∣stan∣tive. enquire toge∣ther with these its number, case, gender & declension.
  • Ad∣jective enquire toge∣ther with these Its degree of comparison, & substantive.
• 2. A Pro∣noun. Enquire its number, case, gender, declen∣sion, and person; and when you have the Relative Qui who or which, finde out its Antecedent (which is a word going before it, and repeated by it) and see whether there bee a Nominative case be∣twixt it and the verb.
• 3. A Verb. Enquire its Kinde, conjugation, mood, tens, number, person, and ter∣mination, according to a•• these; and what is the No∣minative case to it.
• 4. A Par∣ticiple. Enquire its
  • Tens accor∣ding to its
    • Ending, or
    • Significative
  • manner of declining, and so whether it bee put
    • with or
    • without
    a Su••∣stanti••
• ...

• 5. An Ad∣verb. Enquire its Signi∣fication, and what word it explain's.
• 6. A Con∣junction. Enquire its Signi∣fication, and what words it coupleth.
• 7. A Pre∣position. Enquire its Signi∣fication, and what case it serveth to.
• 8. An In∣terjection. Enquire its Signi∣fication, and what passion it expresseth, and whether it serv a case or not.

II. In respect of the word to which it is to bee joyned, observ

1. The concor∣dance of the

• Nomina∣tive case and verb.
• Sub∣stantive and Ad∣jective.
• Antece∣dent and Relative.

which agree in

• Number and Person.
• Case, gen∣der, and number.
• Gender, number, & person.

according to the Rule, Cap. I.

• ...I
• ...II
• ...III
• ...IV
• ...V

And minde the case of the Relative, and the Questi∣on whereto is the answer.

2. The construction of the noun Sub∣stantive: viz. *

* The Construction of the noun Substan∣tive: viz.

1. Whether it bee governed on, or follow after

• Noun Adjective with a Substantive,
  • Geni∣tive case.
  • Da∣tive case.
  • Accu∣sative case.
  • Abla∣tive case.
• Verb personal with
  • a Nomina∣tive case.
  • a Genitive case.
  • a Dative case. And then put it in such a case as the word whereon it is governed will have after it according to the Rule in
    • ...CAP. 2.
      • ...I.
      • ...II.
      • ...III.
      • ...IV.
      • ...V.
    • ...CAP. 3.
      • ...I.
      • ...II.
      • ...III.
      • ...IV.
      • ...V.
    • ...C. 4.I.
    • ...C. 5.I.II.III.
    • ...C. 6.I.
    • ...C. 6.II.
    • ...C. 7.I.
    • ...C. 7.II.
    • ...C. 7.III.
    • ...C. 7.IV.
• an Accusa∣tive case.
• An Abla∣tive case.
• a Gerund, or Supine, Verb in respect of its own signification, of Time, Space, Place.
• Verb Impersonal.
• Participle.
• Adverb.
• Conjunction.
• Preposition.
• Interjection.

2. Whether it bee not governed, and then put it in the Ablative case absolute, according to the Rule CAP. 2.VI.

4. Set down a word declined, as it ought to bee changed from the first word; and the word undeclined without any alteration at all.

5. Compare the English sentence and the Latine together, by construing them one out of the other.

6. Prove whether your Latine bee an∣swerable to your English by parsing it over.

To finde the

• Nom. case make the Verb ask the que∣stion who? or what?
• Substan∣tive make the Adje∣ctive ask the que∣stion who? or what?
• Relative make the Ante∣cedent ask the que∣stion who? or what?

and they will answer to it.

CAP. 12. Directions for making La∣tine more elegant, or pure.

1. THat the Conjunction (which in Latine is quòd or ut) may bee put away, and then the Nominative case may bee turned in∣to the Accusative, and the Verb into the In∣finitive mood: as, I am glad that thou art in good health.

Gáudeo

• quòd tu bene váleas, or,
• ...te béne valére.

2. The Latine of the word thing joyned

with an Adjective is often left out, and the Adjective becommeth a Substantive of the Neuter gender: as, Fame is an evil thing. Fá∣ma est málum.

3. Mine, thine, his, ours, yours, are made in Latine by méus, túus, súus, nóster, when you mean possession; but if you mean passion, then by méi, túi, súi, nóstri, véstri: as, Thy picture, i.e. which is, thine. Pictura tua. Thy picture, i.e. of thee. Pictura tui.

4. The verb have is somtimes made in La∣tine by est; and then the Nominative case is turned into the Dative, and the Accusative into the Nominative: as, I have a mother. Ego hábeo mátrem, which is rendred better, Est míhi máter.

5. The English of the Infinitive mood Active, or of a Participle of the Present tens comming after a Substantive or Adjective that govern a Genitive case, shall bee put in the Gerund in Di: as, The caus of my writeing. Cáussa scribéndi. Certain to go, or of going. Cér∣tus eúndi.

6. The Participle of the Present tens without a Substantive, having in, with, from, of, by, or for before him, shall bee put in the Gerund in Do with a Preposition expressed or understood: as, I am wearie with walking. De∣féssus sum ambulándo. Hee thinketh of eating. Cógitat de edéndo.

7. The English of the Infinitive mood shewing the reason of▪ the claus aforegoing, shall bee put in the Gerund in Dum: as, I fear a day will not bee enough to do it. Véreor, ut d••••s sátìs sit ad agéndum.

8. A verb with must or ought before it may bee turned into the Gerund in Dum, with the verb est expressed or understood, and then the Nominative shall bee turned into the Dative case: as, I must go hence. Abeúndum est mihi.

9. If you turn a verb Personal into an Impersonal, you must turn also the Nomi∣native case into such case as the Impersonal will govern: as, I must. Me opórtet. Thou mayest. Tibi licet.

10. If a verb Active bee changed into a Passive, you must change also the Nomina∣tive case into the Dative or Ablative with a Preposition, and the Accusative into the No∣minative: as, I read Virgil. Ego légo Virgílium, is rendred, Virgil is read of mee.

Virgilius légitur

• ...míhi,
• ...à me.

11. A verb Neuter is somtimes changed into a Passive of the third person with an Ablative case, and a Preposition expressed or understood: as, I drink wine. B••bo vinum, is rendred. Wine is drunk by mee. V••num bibitur à me.

CAP. 13. Directions for constru∣ing Latine.

WHen you have a Latine speech to con∣strue into English.

I. Before you construe,

• 1. Read it often and distinctly to a period.
• 2. Know what it speak's of, or intendeth.
• ...

• 3. Enquire the signification of every word by looking out the first words in your Dictionarie, and learn what is fittest for that present place.
• 4. Observ the terminations, especially of Nouns and Verbs, and together with their signification their proper signs.
• 5. Minde which words agree, and which will depend one upon another accord∣ing to the Rules of concordance and con∣struction.

II. When you construe, take

• 1. The Vocative case (if there bee any) and the words that agree with, or depend upon it.
• 2. The Nominative case, and whatso∣ever agree with, or dep••nd upon it.
• 3. The Verb, and what depend's upon it: viz. the Infinitive mood, and the cases in order; first the Accusative, then the Dative, then the Ablative, and whatsoever agree with, or depend upon them.
• 4. The Adjective (for the most part) with the Substantive, the Adverb with its Verb, and the Preposition with its Case.

III. As you construe, remember, that

• 1. Pronouns are often put for Nouns.
• 2. In speeches belonging to men, the Nominative case, Substantive, and Antece∣dent is often understood; as also the verb est (and somtimes other words) which in con∣struing must bee supplied.
• 3. There is no sentence complete with∣out a Verb expressed or understood.
• 4. Interrogatives, (viz. nouns which

• ask a question) Indefinites, Relatives, In∣terjections with their cases, Impersonals, and Conjunctions do oft times begin a sen∣tence, as also
• 5. An Ablative case absolute which with its Participle resolved into a verb is con∣strued by, when, whilst, if, or after that: as, M•• dúce. I beeing captain. i.e. when, whilst, if, or after that, I shall bee captain.
• 6. Eche Accusative case before an Infi∣nitive mood must bee construed by, that: as, Júbeo te ab••re. I bid that thou go hence.
• 7. Words that are linked together in one phrase are to bee expressed according to their elegancie (or propertie of speech) and not the bare words: as, Hábeo tibi grátias. I have thanks for thee, must bee rendred, I think thee.
• 8. If your construing bee good sens, i.e. such as one may understand your meaning, and if it bee withall agreeable to your Gram∣mar Rules, you are right; otherwise strive to amend it.

CAP. 14. Directions for Par∣sing Latine.

WHen you have a Latine speech to pa••s or examine according to the Rules of Grammar.

1. Read a sentence distinctly over.

2. Cast the words of it into a Grammati∣cal order, ranking them as you construed them.

3. Finde either the same word in your Grammar, or an example answering there∣unto, especially in Nouns and Verbs.

4. Enquire touching every word by it self, what part of speech it is, and if bee

• ...1. A Noun
  • Enquire its Kinde.
  • Enquire its Declension.
  • Enquire its Gender, and the Rule of it.
  • Enquire its Number, Case.
  • Enquire its And in an Adjective these: Its degree of Comparison, and its Substantive.
• ...2. A Pro∣noun.
  • Enquire its Declension.
  • Enquire its Number.
  • Enquire its Case, and
  • Enquire its Person.
• ...3. A Verb.
  • Enquire its Kinde, Conju∣gation, in w^ch observ the Rule of the Preterper∣fect tens and Su∣pines.
  • Enquire its Mood, Tens, Number, Per∣son: and what is its No∣minative case.
• ...4. A Par∣ticiple.
  • Enquire its What verb it com's of.
  • Enquire its Kinde, Declining, Number, Case, Gender, and its Substantive.
• ...5. Adverb.
  • Enquire its Signification, and use.
• ...6. Conjun∣ction.
  • Enquire its To what word it is joyned.
  • Enquire its What it coupleth.
• ...7. Preposi∣tion.
  • Enquire its What case it serve's to.
• ...8. Interje∣ction.
  • Enquire its What passion it expresseth.

5. In respect of other, minde its concor∣dance and construction, and the Rules of both.

CAP. 15. Of directions for right writeing.

IN writeing down words or sentences ob∣serve diligently,

• ...1. The Letters.
• ...2. The Syllables.
• ...3. The Notes.

I. In Letters observ, that

• 1. According to their sound, there bee five Vowels, a, e, i, o, u, and y, the Greek one; all the rest bee consonants, but u and i bee som∣times Vowels: as, u, i. and somtimes Conso∣nants: as, v, j.
• 2. According to their shape; they are som∣times writ with great Characters, somtimes with small.
• 3. Proper names, and words more emi∣nent then others; the begining of a Sentence, and in a Poeme, the begining of every vers are to bee writ with great characters.
• 4. When one or few letters are set alone to signifie a whole word, or a number, they are writ with great characters: as, A. D. M.DC.XL.VIII. Anno Domini, millesimo, sexcentesimo, quadragesimo octavo. In the year of our Lord, One thousand, six hundred, fortie and eight.

2. In joyning or parting Syllables, observ, that,

• 1. A syllable never exceeds six letters: as, Scrobs, a ditch.
• 2. In words of many syllables, a Con∣sonant set between two Vowels belong's to the later: as, Do-mi-nus, a Lord. A-mo.
• 3. If a consonant bee doubled, the first belong's to the fore-going, and the later to the following syllable: as, An-nus, a year.
• 4. Consonants which may bee joyned in the begining of a word, must not bee parted in the middle of it: as, No-ster, our. Vole-p••as, pleasure.
• 5. Consonants which cannot bee joyned in the begining of a word, must bee parted in the middle of it: as, Sul-cus, a furrow.
• 6. In compound words, every part must bee set by its self: as, Abs-con-do, to hide.

3. In Notes observ which belong ta

• ...Syllables.
• ...Words.
• ...Sentences.

1. Notes that belong to Syllables, are,

• 1. Of a long syllable, thus marked Dōct••r Bŏnŭs.
• 2. Of a short syllable. thus marked Dōct••r Bŏnŭs.

2. Notes that belong to Words, are,

• ...

  1. An Accent, shewing how a syllable is to bee pronounced, and it is

  • 1. Acut••, which pronounceth a syllable higher then the rest: as, Pietátis. Bónus.
  • 2. Grave, which flatteth a syllable more then the rest, and this is seldom marked save in the end of a word, but is understood: as, Arroganti••s.
  • 3. Circumslect, which uttereth a syl∣lable as high as both the other do: as, Amâre.

• ...

  And these are marked to difference one word from another: as, Doctè, docte, ócci∣do, occ••do.

• 2. Apostrophus, which sheweth a vowel cast away: as, Ain'.
• 3. Hyphen, which sheweth what syllables ere to bee joyned: as, Qui-cun-que.

3. Notes that belong to Sentences, are marks of breathing: viz.

• 1. A Comma, which is a short stay, —,
• 2. A Colon, which is a longer stay, —:
• 3. A Period, which is a full stop, —.
• 4. A Question, is thus marked —?
• 5. An Admiration, is thus marked —!
• 6. A Parenthesis, is thus marked —()

CAP. 16. A short view of the com∣mon Accidents.

THe common Accidents is a short Intro∣duction (or entrance) of Grammar.

If treateth of the parts of Latine speech, and considereth them,

• I. Severally, or
• II. Ioyntly.

I. Severally, as they are single words, in the Introduction of the eight parts of speech, which begin's at In speech, and end's at For the due joyning.

This first part of the Accidence teacheth concerning,

• 1. A noun,

1. What it is, and how many kindes it hath: at A noun is the name &c.

2. What are its accidents: viz. two Numbers, at In nouns bee &c. six Cases, at Nouns bee declined &c. Seven Genders, at Genders of nouns &c. Five Declensions, at There bee five Declensions, &c. setting down ex∣amples,

• Of the first, Musa.
• Of the second, Magíster, and Regnum.
• Of the third, Lápis and Párens.
• Of the fourth, Mánus.
• Of the fifth, Merídies. And for Adje∣ctives, Bonus, Felix, and Tristis. Three de∣grees of Comparison, at Adjectives whose signi∣fication &c.

2. A Pronoun.

• 1. What it is, and how many there are, and how they are distinguished, at A Pro∣noun &c.
• 2. What are its accidents: viz. Num∣ber, Case, and Gender, at There belong to &c. Four Declensions, at There bee four Declension &c. Three Persons, at A Pronoun hath thou Persons, &c.

3. A Verb.

• 1. What it is, what are its sorts and kindes, at A Verb is a part of Speech &c.
• 2. What are its accidents: viz. Six Moods, at There bee six Moods &c. Three Ge∣runds, at There bee moreover &c. Two Su∣pines, at There bee also &c. Five Tenses, at There bee five Tenses &c. Three Persons, at There bee also in Verbs &c. Four Conjugati∣ons, at Verbs have &c. The examples being of

• • The first, Amo, and Amor.
  • The second, Dóceo, and Dóceor.
  • The third, Légo, and Légor.
  • The fourth, Aúdio, and Aúdior.
  Among which is inserted Sum, and unto which are added verbs that go out of Rule as, Póssum, &c.

4. A Participle, what it is, its kindes, and manner of forming and declineing, at A Par∣ticiple is a part of &c.

5. An Adverb, what it is, and what it signifieth, at An Adverb is a part &c.

6. A Coniunction, what it is, and of what use, at A Conjunction is a part &c.

7. A Preposition, what it is, and what case it serv's to, at A Preposition is a part &c.

8. An Interiection, what it is, and what it expresseth: at An Interjection is a part &c.

II. Ioyntly; as they bee ioyned one to another in a speech; In the Construction of the eight parts of Speech, which begin's at For the due joyning, &c. and end's with the book.

This second part of the Accidence contai∣neth Rules,

Of the first Concord, at When an English &c.

Of the second Concord, at When yee have an Adjective &c

Of the third Concord, at When ye have a Relative &c.

Of the caus of the Relative, at When there cometh no &c.

Of the construction of Substantives, at When two Substantives &c.

Of Ad¦iectives with a

• Gen. case at Adjectives that signifie &c.
• Dat. case at Adjectives that betoken &c.
• Acc. case at The measure of length &c.
• Abl. case at Adjectives signifying &c.

Of the Pronoun, at These Genitive cases▪ Mei, tui, sui &c.

Of the Verb with a

• Nom. case at Sum, forem, fio &c.
• Gen. case at This verb Sum &c.
• Dat. case at All manner of verbs &c
• Acc. case at Verbs Transitives &c.
• Abl. case at All verbs require &c.

Of verbs Passives, at A verb Passive &c.

Of Gerunds and Supines, at Gerunds and Supines wil•• have such cases as &c.

Of nouns of

• Time, at Nouns that betoken part of time &c.
• Space, at Nouns that betoken space between &c.
• Place, at Nouns Appellatives &c.

Of verbs Impersonals, at A verb Imper∣sonal, &c.

Of Participles, at Participles govern &c.

Of Adverbs, at Adverbs of quality &c.

Of Conjunctions, at Conjunctions Copula∣lative &c.

Of Prepositions, at Somtimes this Preposi∣tion In &c.

Of Interiections, at Certain Interjections &c.

CAP. 17. A short view of the com∣mon Grammar.

THe common Grammar is a short In∣struction, or mean to know the art of Grammar.

It sheweth what Grammar is, and what bee the parts of Grammar: viz.

I. Orthographie, which treateth of Letters, at Ex viginti duabus &c.

Of Syllables, at Rectè scripturo &c.

Of right utterance, at Orthographiae af∣finis &c.

Of pauses, at Neque exigua Orthographiae pars &c.

II. Etymologie, which treateth of the eight parts of Latine speech, and what belong to them: viz.

1. A Noun▪ at Nomen est pars orationis &c. To which belong

• Species, at Species nominum &c.
• Figure, at Figura aut est simplex &c.
• Number, at Numeri sunt duo &c.
• Case, at Casus nominum &c.
• Gender, at Genus est sexûs discretio &c.
• Declension, at Declinatio est variatio &c.
• Comparison, at Comparantur nomina &c.

2. A Pronoun, at Pronomen est pars &c. To which belong

• Species, at Species Pronominum &c.
• Number, at Numerus pronominum &c.
• Case, at Casus autem sunt sex &c.
• Gender, at Genera sunt in Pronominibus &c.
• ...

• Declension, at Declinationes Pronominum &c.
• Person, at Personae Pronominum sunt tres &c.
• Figure, at Figura est duplex &c.

3. A Verb, at Verbum est pars orationis &c. To which belong,

• Five Kindes, at Quinque sunt verborum ge∣nera, &c.
• Six Moods, at Modi verborum sex &c.
• Five Tenses, at Tempora sunt quinque &c.
• Figure, at Figura est duplex &c.
• Species, at Species est duplex &c.
• Three Persons, at Tres sunt vetbi per∣sonae &c.
• Two Numbers, at Numeri sunt duo &c.
• Four Conjugations, at Quando quidem 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Conjugandorum verborum ratione &c. To which are added somwhat concerning vnto Defective, at Sed nunc &c.
• Impersonals, at Et de personalibus &c.
• Gerunds, at Gerundia porrò &c.
• Supines, at Supina quoque meritò &c.

4. A Participle, at Participium est pars &c. To which belong,

• Case, at De genere autem &c.
• Gender, at De genere autem &c.
• Declension, at De genere autem &c.
• Tens, at Tempora Participiorum &c.
• Signification, at Activè significant &c.
• Number, at Est & numerus &c.
• Figure, at Figura est duplex &c.

5. An Adverb, at Adverbium est pars &c. To which belong,

• Signification, at Significationis varietas &c.
• Comparison at Adverbia à nominibus nata &c.
• Species, at Species est duplex &c.
• ...

• Figure, at Figura est duplex &c.

6. A Conjunction, at Conjunctio est pars orationis &c.

To which belong,

• Figure at Figura est duplex &c.
• Signification, at Potestas, i.e. significatio &c.
• Order, at Ordo Conjunctionum &c.

7. A Preposition, at Praepositio est pars orationis &c. To which belong

• Government of Case, at Praepositioni accidit &c.

8. An Interjection, at Interjectio est pars orationis &c. To which belongeth

• Signification, at Tot autem sunt &c.

III. Syntax, which teacheth Rules,

Of the first concord, at Verbum perso∣nale &c.

Of the second concord, at Adjectivum cum Substantivo &c.

Of the third concord, at Relativum cum Antecedente &c.

Of the construction of Substantives, at Quum duo sub••tant••va &c.

Of Ad∣••••ctives with a Geni∣tive case, at Adjectiva quae desi∣d••rium &c.

Of Ad∣••••ctives with a Da∣tive case, at Adjectiva quibus commodum &c.

Of Ad∣••••ctives with a Accusa∣tive case, at Magn••túdinis men∣sura &c.

Of Ad∣••••ctives with a Abla∣tive case, at Adjectiva quae ad copium &c.

Of the Pronoun, at Mei, tui, sui &c.

Of the verb with a

• Nomina∣tive case, at Verba substanti∣va &c.
• Geni∣tive case, at Sum genitivum &c.
• Dative case, at Omnia verba &c.
• Accusa∣tive case, at Verba transiti•• &c.
• Abla∣tive case, at Quodvis verb•• &c.

Of verbs Passives, at Passivis ad••∣tur &c.

Of Gerunds and Supines, at Gerunda sive &c.

Of Nouns of

• Time, at, Quae significant, &c.
• Space, at Spatium loci &c.
• Place, at Nomina appellativa &c.

Of verbs Impersonals, at Haec tria Im∣personalia, &c.

Of Participles, at Participia regunt &c

Of Adverbs, at En & ecce &c.

Of Conjunctions, at Conjunctiones co∣pulativae &c.

Of Prepositions, at Praepositio subin∣dita &c.

Of Interjections, at Interjectiones ••∣rarò &c.

Here unto are annexed,

Six Figures of words: viz.

• ...Prósthesis.
• ...Aphaeresis.
• ...Epénthesis.
• ...Syncope.
• ...Paragóge.
• ...Apócope.

And

Eight Fi∣gures of con∣struction: viz.

• ...Apposítio.
• ...Evocátio.
• ...Syllépsis.
• ...Prolépsis.
• ...Zéugma.
• ...Synthesis.
• ...Antiptôsis.
• ...Synéchdoche.

IV. Prosodie, which teacheth the right pro∣nouncing of words, according to their,

• Tone, at Tonus est lex, &c.
• Spirit, at Spiritus duo sunt, &c.
• Time, at Hactenus de tonis, &c.

And becaus meeter consisteth in the due observation of the time of syllables, the Gram∣mar take's occasion to treat of versifying, at Hactenus de tonis, &c.

Insisting upon Feet, at, Est autem Pes, &c.

Sundry sort of verses, at, Carminum ge∣nera &c.

The quan∣titie of syl∣lables in a word, bee they

• the first, at Primárum syl∣labátum &c.
• the mid∣dle, at Mediae sylla∣bae &c.
• or the last. at Quanquam ul∣timae &c.

CAP. 18. A short view of Propria quae maribus.

PRomia qu•• maribus con∣taineth Rules for the genders of Nouns

• Substan∣tives, whose rules are
  • General, Vid. ^a.
  • Special. Vid. ^b.
• Adiectives, Vid. ^c.

^a Ge∣neral

• Of proper names
  • Masculines, at Propria quae ma∣ribus &c.
  • Feminines, at Propria Foem∣neum &c.
• Of Com∣mon names
  • Of Trees, at Appellativa a••b••∣borum &c,
  • Of Birds, Beasts, and Fish, •• Sunt etiam &c.
  • That end in Um, at Omne quod exit &c.
  • That change not the ending, •• Sic invariabile &c.

^b Spe∣cial, of nouns that do not increase, which are Femi∣nines, at Nomen non cres¦cens &c. except som

• Masculines, at Mascula no∣mina in a &c.
• Neuters, at Neutrum nom•• in e &c.
• Doubtfuls, at In erti gene∣ris sunt &c.
• Commons, at Compositur à verbo dans a &c.

Spe∣cial of nouns

• that do in∣creas long, which are Fe∣minines, at Nomen cres∣centis—Sylla∣ba acuta &c. except som
  • Masculines, at Mascula dicuntur &c.
  • Neuters, at Sunt 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a∣lia &c.
  • Doubt••uls, at Sunt dubia haec, &c.
  • Commons, at Sunt commune &c.
• that increas short, wch are Masculines, at, Nomen crescentis— Sit gravis &c. except som
  • Feminines, at Foeminei generis sunt &c.
  • Neuters, at Est neutra le¦genus &c.
  • Doubtfull, at Sunt dubii generis &c.
  • Commons, at Comma∣nis generis sunt isla &c.

Adiectives declined with

• one ending at Adjectiva unum duntaxa••, &c.
• two endings at Sub geminâ si vo∣ce &c.
• three endings at At si tres va••••a•• voces, &c,
• two Articles, at At sunt quae sle•••• &c.
• three endings, at Haec proprium qu•• ••∣dam &c.
• three Articles and at Haec proprium qu•• ••∣dam &c.

CAP. 19. A short view of Quae genus.

QUae genus treateth of nouns Hetero∣clites: i.e. which differ from the com∣mon manner of declineing, and of these som

• ...Alter a.
• ...Want b.
• ...Have too much c.

a Alter Gender and De∣clension, and bee

• Feminines sing, and Neuters plur, at Haec genus &c.
• Neuters sing. and
  • Masculines and Neuters plur. at Dat prior &c.
  • Masculines onely plur. at Sed audi &c.
  • Feminines plur. at Nundinum & hinc epulum &c.
• Masculines sing. and Neuters plur. at Haec maribus &c.
• Masculines sing. and Masculines and Neu∣ters plur. at Numerus genus his dabit &c.

b Want

• Case, those that
  • change not the ending, at Quae nullum variant &c.
  • have onely
    • one case, at Estque Monoptoton cui &c.
    • two cases, at Sunt Diptôta qui∣bus &c.
    • three cases, at Tres quibus in∣flectis &c.
  • want the
    • Dative, at Integra vox vis est, &c.
    • Vocative, at Quae referunt, ut qui &c.
• Number,
  • Plural, as
    • Proper names and their like, at Propria cuncta notes &c.
    • Common names,
      • Masculines, at Hespe∣rus & vesper &c.
      • Feminines, at Singula foeminei &c.
      • Neuters, at Nec licet his &c.
    • Singular
      • Masculines, at Mascula sunt tan∣tùm &c.
      • Feminines, at Haec sunt foeminei generis &c.
      • Neuters, at Rariùs haec primo &c.
  • c Have too much, and bee
    • Sub∣stan∣tives that
      • have several wayes of declineing, at Haec quasi luxuriant &c.
      • out of their Ac∣cusative make another No∣minative case, at Sed tibi prae∣terea &c.
      • have two Nominative cases, at Vertitur his &c.
      • are of two Declensions, at Haec simul &c.
    • Adje∣ctives that are both of three terminations & three Articles, at Et quae luxu∣riant &c.

CAP. 20. A short view of As in praesenti.

AS in p••ae∣sent con∣taineth Rules whereby to finde out

• the Pre∣terper∣fect-tens
• The Sup∣pines. ^e

of verbs

• in O
  • Regu∣lar
    • Sim∣ple. ^•
    • Com∣pound▪
  • Irregular. ^•
• in Or, at Verba in Or.

•• Simple

• Of the first Coniugation at As in praesenti &c.
• Of the second Coniugation at Es in praesenti &c.
• Of the third Coniugation at Tertia praeteritum &c.
• Of the fourth Coniugation at Quarta dat is ivi &c.

•• Compound, at, Praeteritum dat idem &c.

Where are more particularly to bee observed such as,

• 1. Double a syllable, at, Sed syllaba semper &c.
• 2. B••e compoun∣ded of
  • Plico, a•• A plico composita &c.
  • Oleo, a•• Quamr•• vu••t ole, &c.
  • Pungo, a•• Comp••sita à pungo &c.
  • Do▪ a•• Nat••m •• Do &c.
  • Sto, a•• Na•• à Sto &c.
• 3. Change their first vowel in••o ••e, a•• Verba haec ••ciplicia &c.
• 4. Change of their fi••t vowel into i in
  • ••l t••nses▪ at Haec habeo, l••eo, &c.
  • Th•• P••esent tens and not in the Preter tens. Haec si compoun•• &c.

^c Supines

• ^d Simple, at Nunc ex praeterito diseas &c.
• ^e Compound, at Compositum ut simplex &c.

•• Irregu∣lar which

• have two Preterperfect tenses, at Praeteri∣tum Activae &c
• are Neuter-passives, at Neutro-passivum sic &c.
• borrow their Preterperfect tenses, at Quae∣dam praeteritum &c.
• want their Preterperfect tenses, at, Prae∣teritum fugiunt &c.
• Seldom have Supines, at Haec rarò aut nunquam &c.

A Synopsis, or a short view of the Grounds of GRAMMAR.

The Grounds of Grammar tre••t of Latine words,

I. As they are single words in a speech, LIB. 1. which teacheth what sorts of words they are, and what things belong to them.

The parts of speech bee

• 1. A Noun which is
  • Sub∣stan∣tive▪ or Adje∣ctive
  • And Pro∣per, or Com∣mon.
• 2. Pronoun. to which belong
  • 2 Num∣bers,
    • Singular, &
    • Plural.
  • 6. Cases,
    • Nom. Gen.
    • Dat. Acc.
    • Voc. Abl.
  • 7. Gen∣ders,
    • Masc. Fem.
    • Neuter.
    • Com.
      • 2.
      • 3.
    • Do••b. Epic.
  • 5. Declensions whose Gen. sing. end in
    • ...ae.
    • ...i.
    • ...is.
    • ...ûs.
    • ...e••.
  • 3 Degrees of Com∣parison
    • Positive.
    • Compa∣rative.
    • Superla∣tive.
    • Numbers, of which in a Noun
    • Cases, of which in a Noun
  • 4 Declēsions of their own.
  • 3 Persons of their own.
  • 5 Kinds Active, Passive, Neuter, Depo∣nent, and Com∣mune.
  • 4 Moods
    • Indicative.
    • Imperative.
    • Potential.
    • Infinitive.
  • 5 Tenses
    • Present.
    • Imperfect.
    • Preterperf.
    • Preterplup
    • Future.
  • 4 Con∣••ng.
    • 1 hath a long before ie and ••is.
    • 2 hath e long before ie and ••is.
    • 3 hath e short before ie and ••is.
    • 4 hath i long before ie and ••is.
  • 4 Kindes
    • Present in ans, ens.
    • Preterperfect in tus, sus, xus.
    • Future in rus, dus.
  • Signification.
• 3. A Verb, which is
  • Per∣sonal.
  • or Im∣perso∣nal.
• 4. A Participle.
• 5. An Adverb.
• 6. A Conjunction.
• 7. A Preposition.
• 8. An Interjection.

II. As they are many words joyned together in a speech, 〈◊〉〈◊〉▪ which teacheth the due ioyning of words together according to certain Rules.

The Rules for joyning words are

• 1. Of Concord: viz.
• 2. Of Construction
  • Of the first, Cap. 1.
  • Of the second, Cap. 1.
  • Of the third, Cap. 1.
  • To which are added that
    • of the case of the Relative. Cap. 1.
    • of the Question and Answer. Cap. 1.
  • Of Nouns Adjectives with Substantives. Cap. 2.
    • a Genitive. Cap. 2.
    • a Dative. Cap. 2.
    • an Acculative. Cap. 2.
    • an Ablative, where is also the Ablative abso∣lute. Cap. 2.
  • of Verbs with
    • a Nominative. Cap. 3.
    • a Genitive. Cap. 3.
    • a Dative. Cap. 3.
    • an Accusative. Cap. 3.
    • an Ablative. Cap. 3.
    • divers cases. Cap. 3.
  • Of Gerunds and Supines, Cap. 4.
  • Of Time, Space, and Place▪ Cap. 5.
  • Of Impersonals and Participles, Cap. 6.
  • Of words undeclined, Cap. 7.
  • Hereunto are annexed,
  • Rules to know the genders of Nouns. Ca. 8.
  • Rules to know the Preterperfect tens and Supines of Verbs, C••▪ 9
  • Certain Figures in Latine words, Cap. 10.
  • Directions for
    • makeing Latine Cap. 11, 12
    • Construing Latine Cap. 13.
    • Parsing Latine Cap. 14.
    • Writeing Latine Cap. 15.
• A short view of
  • the common
    • Accidents, Cap. 16.
    • Grammar, Cap. 17.
  • Prop••i•• quae maribus, Cap. 18
  • Quae genus, Cap. 19.
  • As in praesenti, Cap. 20.

An Index of the Heads of the Grounds of GRAMMAR.

LIB. I. Of the eight sorts of words.

• CAP. I. Of a Noun. Pag. 2
• II. Of a Pronoun. p. 10
• III. Of a Verb. p. 14
• IV. Of a ••articiple. p. 70
• V. Of an Adve••b. p. 71
• VI. Of a Conjunction. p. 72
• VII. Of a Preposition. p. 73
• VIII. Of an Interjection. p. 74

LIB. II. Of the Construction of the eight parts of Speech.

• 1. Of the Concords. pag. 75
• 2. Of the Construction of Nouns. p. 77
• 3. Of the Construction of Verbs. p. 81
• 4 Of the Construction of Gerunds and Supines. p 84
• 5. Of the Construction of Time, Space, and Place. p. 86
• 6. Of the Construction of Impersonals and Par∣ticiples. p. 87
• 7. Of the Construction of words unde••lined p. 88
• 8. Of the R••les to know the Genders of Nouns. p. 91
• 9. Of the Rules to know the Preterperfect tenses

• and the Supines of Verbs. p. 93
• 10. Of certain Figures in Latine words. p. 95
• 11. Directions for making Latine. p. 95
• 12. Directions for making Latine more pure. p. 101.
• 13. Directions for Construing Latine. p. 103
• 13. Directions for ••a••sing Latine. p 105
• 15. Directions for 〈◊〉〈◊〉 writ••ing. p. 107

The Examination of the Grounds of Grammar, by short Questions and Answers.

Q. WHat bee the Grounds of Grammar?

A. The most necessarie things contai∣ned in the Common Acci••s and Grammar.

Q. What do they treat of?

A. O•• Latine words, and the things that belong to them.

Q. How do they treat of Latine words?

A. As they are single words in a Speech, LIB. I. O••, ••. As they are many words joyned together in a Speech. LIB. II.

LIB. I. Of the eight sort of La∣tine words.

Q. IN the Latine tongue how many sorts of words bee there?

A. Eight.

Q. How bee these eight sorts of word called?

A. Parts of speech.

Q. Why so?

A. Becaus of them every speech is made.

Q. Which bee the eight parts of Speech.

A. A Noun, a Pronoun, a Verb, a Participle, a•• Adverb, a Conjunction, a Preposition, an Inter∣jection.

Q▪ Which parts of Speech bee declined?

A. The four first: viz. Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Participle.

Q. Which parts of Speech bee undeclined?

A. The four last: viz. Adverb, Conjuctive, Preposition, Interjection.

Q. When is a word declined?

A. When its ending is changed.

Q. When is a word undeclined?

A. When its ending is not changed.

I. Of a Noun.

Q. WHat is a Noun?

A. A Noun is a word by which a thing is called.

Q. How many kindes of Nouns bee there?

A. Two.

Q. Which bee they?

A. Substantive and Adjective.

Q. What is a noun Substantive?

A. A noun, which may signifie in a speech by it self.

Q. What is a noun Adjective?

A. A noun, which cannot signifie in a speech without a Substantive.

Qu. How many kindes are there of both Substantives and Adjectives?

A. Two.

Q Which bee they?

A. Proper and Common.

Q. What is a noun Proper?

A. That which belong's to one thing onely.

Q. What is a noun (Appellative, or) Com∣mon?

A. That which belong's to many things.

Q. How many things belong to a Noun?

A. Five.

Q. Which bee they?

A. Number, Case, Gender, Declension, and Comparison.

Q How many numbers are there?

A. Two.

Q. Which bee they?

A. The singular and plural.

Q. How know you the singular number?

A. It speaketh but of one.

Q. How know you the plural number?

A. It speaketh of more then one.

Q. How many Cases are there?

A. Six.

Q. How know you the Nominative case?

A. It answereth to the question who? or, what?

Q. How know you the Genitive case?

A. It answereth to the question whose? or, ••hereof?

Q. How know you the Dative case?

A. It answereth to the question to whom? or •• what?

Q. How know you the Accusative case?

A. It answereth to the question whom? or what?

Q, How know you the Vocative case?

A. It calleth, or speaketh to one.

Q. How know you the Ablative case?

A. It answereth to the question from what?

Q. How many Genders are there?

A. Seven.

Q. Which bee they?

A. The Masculine, the Feminine, the Ne••, the Common of two, the Common of three, the Doubtful, and the Epicene.

Q. How know you the Masculine gender▪

A. By the Article Hic.

Q How know you the Feminine gender?

A. By the Article Haec.

Q. How know you the Neuter gender?

A, By the Article Hoc.

Q. How know you the Common of two genders?

A. By the Articles hic and haec.

Q. How know you the Common of three gender?

A. By the Articles, hic, haec, and hoc.

Q. How know you the Doubtful gender?

A. By the Articles Hic or haec.

Q. How know you the Epicene gender?

A. It signifieth both sexes under one Article

Q What are Articles?

A. Notes of Genders.

Q. How can you tell of what Gender •• Noun ought to bee?

A. By the Rules to know the Genders o•• Nouns, which are set down in Propria quae ru∣ribus, CAP. 8.

Q. How many Declensions are there?

A. Five.

Q. How can you tell of what Declension a noun is?

A. By the ending of the Genitive case sin∣gular.

Q. How ends the Genitive case singular of the five Declensions?

A. In

1.	2.	3.	4.	5.
ae.	i.	is.	ûs▪	c••.

Q. How are nouns Substantives de∣cl••ned?

A Those ••f the

• First Declension like Musa.
• Second Declension like Magíster, Dóminus, Regnum.
• Third Declension like Lápis, or Cáput.
• fourth Declension like Mánus, or Córnu.
• Fifth Declension like Fácies.

Q. How are nouns Adjectives declined?

A. Those of

• three terminations like Bonus,
• two terminations like T••istis.
• one termination like Felix.
• the Comparative degree like Dúrior.

Q. What nouns have Comparison?

A. Adjectives.

Q How many degrees of Comparison are ••••re?

A. Three.

Q. Which bee they?

A. The Positive, the Comparative, and the Su∣••lative.

Q. How know you the Positive degree?

A. It signifieth without excess.

Q. How know you the Comparative de∣••ree?

A. It signifieth more then the Positive.

Q. How know you the Superlative?

A. It signifieth the most of all.

II. Of a Pronoun.

Q WHat is a Pronoun?

A. A Pronoun is a word put in stead of a Noun.

Q. How many Pronouns bee there?

A. Fifteen.

Q. Which bee they?

A. Ego I, tu thou, sui of himself, ille hee, ipse himself, iste that, hic this, is that, meus mine, tuus thine, suus his, vester yours, nosto ours, nostras on our side, vestras on your side.

Q. What words are added to these?

A. Qui which, quis who? Cujus whose? and cujas of who••e side?

Q. What things belong to a Pronoun?

A. Number, Case, Gender, Declension and Person.

Q. What things of these hath a Pronoun the same as a Noun hath?

A. Number, Case, Gender.

Q. What things of these hath a Pronoun of its own?

A. Declension and Person.

Q. How many Declensions hath a Pro∣noun?

A. Four.

Qu. How end their Genitive cases sin∣gular?

A. In

1.	2.	3	4
i.	iiis vel jus	i, ae, i.	átis.

Q. What Pronouns bee of the first De∣clension?

A. Ego, tu, sui.

Q. What Pronouns bee used of the second Declension?

A. Ille, ipse, iste, hic, is, qui, and quis.

Q. What Pronouns bee of third De∣clension?

A. Meus, tuus, suus, noster, vester, and cujus.

Q. How many Pronouns bee of the fourth Declension?

A. Nostras, vestras, and cujas.

Q. How many Persons hath a Pronoun?

A. Three.

Q. Which bee they?

A.

• The first which speak∣eth himself.
• The second which speak∣eth to another,
• The third which speak∣eth of another.

III. Of a Verb.

Q. WHat is a Verb?

A. A Verb is a word that signifieth to d••, to suffer, or to bee.

Q. How many sorts of Verbs are there?

A. Two.

Q. Which bee they?

Q. Personal, which is declined with three Persons; and Impersonal which is declined in the third Person onely.

Q. What things belong to a Verb?

A Kinde, Mood, Tens, Conjugation, which be∣long onely to it; Number and Person which be∣long also to a Pronoun.

Q. How many kindes of Verbs are there?

A. Five.

Q. Which bee they?

A. Active, Passive, Neuter, Deponent, and Commune.

Q, How know you a verb Active?

A It endeth in O, and signifieth to do.

Q. How know you a verb Passive?

A. It end's in Or, and signifieth to suffer.

Q. How know you a verb Neuter?

A. It endeth in M, and signifieth to bee; or in O, and signifieth somtimes to do, and somtimes to suffer

Q. How know you a verb Deponent?

A. It endeth in Or, and signifieth to do.

Q. How know you a verb Commune?

A. It endeth in Or, and signifieth both to do and to suffer.

Q. How many Moods have verbs?

A. Four.

Q. Which bee they?

A. The Indicative, the Imperative, the Sub∣junctive, and the Infinitive.

Q. How know you the Indicative mood?

A. It sheweth a thing.

Q. How know you the Imperative mood?

A. It biddeth, or intreateth.

Q. How know you the Subjunctive mood?

A. It is joyned with a verb in the same sentence.

Q. How know you the Infinitive mood?

A. It hath no certain Number or Person.

Q. What things belong to the Infinitive mood?

A. Gerunds and Supines.

Q. How many Gerunds are there?

A. Three, which end in Di, Do, Dum.

Q. How many Supines are there?

A. Two: whereof the first end's in um, and the later in u.

Q. How many Tenses have Verbs?

A. Five.

Q. Which bee they?

A. The Present tens, the Preterimperfect, the Preterperfect, the Preterpluperfect, and the Fu∣ture.

Q. How know you the Present tens?

A. It speaketh of the time that now is.

Q. How know you the Preterimperfect tens?

A. It speaketh of the time not fully past.

Q. How know you the Preterperfect tens?

A. It speaketh of the time fully past.

Q. How know you the Preterpluperfect tens?

A. It speaketh of the time long ago past.

Q. How know you the Future tens?

A. It speaketh of the time to com.

Q. How many Conjugations have verbs?

A. Four.

Q. How know you the first Conjugation?

A. It hath a long before re and ris.

Q. How know you the second Conjuga∣tion?

A. It hath e long before re and ris.

Q. How know you the third Conjugation?

A. It hath e short before re and ris.

Q. How know you the fourth Conjuga∣tion?

A. It hath i long before re and ris.

Q. In conjugateing verbs what are wee chiefly to minde?

A. The first and second persons of the Pre∣sent-tens; and the first person of the Preter-tens of the Indicative mood; the Infinitive mood Present-tens, and the first Supine.

Q. Why so?

A. Becaus of these the other Moods and Tenses bee form••d.

Q. What tenses are formed of the Pre∣ter-tens?

A. Those that end in ram, ssem, rim, ro, and sse.

Q. Where learn you the Rules to know Preterperfect-tenses & Supines of verbs?

A. out of As in praesenti. Cap. 9.

Q How are verbs of the first Conjuga∣tion formed?

A.

• ...Those in O, like Amo.
• ...Those in Or, like Amor.

Q. How are verbs of the second Conju∣gation formed?

A.

• ...Those in O, like Dóceo.
• ...Those in Or, like Dóceor.

Q. How are verbs of the third Conjugati∣on formed?

A.

• ...Those in O, like Légo.
• ...Those in Or, like Légor.

Q. How are verbs of the fourth Conju∣gation formed?

A.

• ...Those in O, like Aúdio.
• ...Those in Or, like Aúdior.

IV. Of a Participle.

Q. WHat is a Participle?

A. A Participle is a word which is de∣clined (with case) like a Noun; and signifieth (to do or to suffer) like a Verb,

Q. How many things belong to a Par∣ticiple?

A. Number, Case, Gender, and Declension (as to a Noun) Tens and Signification, (as to a Verb)

Q. How many kindes of Participles are there?

A. Four.

Q Which bee they?

A. Of the Present-tens, of the Preter-tens, of the Future in rus and of the Future in dus.

Q. How know you a Participle of the Present-tens?

A. It ends in English in ing; and in Latine in ans or ens.

Q How know you a Participle of the Fu∣ture in rus?

A It signifieth Actively.

Q. How know you a Participle of the Fu∣ture in dus?

A. It signifieth Passively.

Q. How are Participles of the Present tens declined?

A. Like Adjectives of three Articles.

Q. How are other Participles declined?

A. Like Adjectives of three terminations.

V. Of an Adverb.

Q. WHat is an Adverb?

A. It is a word joyned to others to ex∣plain their signification.

VI. Of a Conjunction.

Q. WHat is a Conjunction?

A. A Conjunction is a word which joy∣neth other words together.

VII. Of a Preposition.

Q. WHat is a Preposition?

A. A Preposition is a word (commonly set before others, and serving to a case.

VIII. Of an Interjection.

Q. WHat is an Interjection?

A. An Interjection is a word put in a∣mongst others to signifie som passion.

Q. What belong's to the parts of Speech undeclined?

A. Signification.

Q How is their signification to bee known?

A. By daily use in reading and writing Latine

LIB. II. Of the Construction of the eight parts of Speech.

Q. WHat doth the Construction treat of?

A. A. Of certain Rules for the due joyning of words together in a Latine Speech.

Q. What bee those Rules?

A. They bee either of

• Concor∣dance, whereby words agree.
• Constru∣ction, whereby words govern one ano∣ther.

CAP. 1. Of the Concords.

Q. HOw many Concords bee there?

A. Three.

Q. Which bee they?

A.

• The first between the nominative case and the Verb.
• The second between the Substantive and the Adjective.
• The third between the Antecedent and the Relative.

Q. What is the Rule of the first Concord?

A. A verb Personal agreeth with its Nomi∣native case in Number and Person.

Q What is the Rule of the second Con∣cord?

A. The Adjective agreeth with its Substan∣tive in Case, Gender, and Number.

Q. What is the Rule of the third Concord?

A. The Relative Qui agreeth with its Ante∣cedent in Gender, Number, and Person.

Q. What Rules are added to these?

A. That of the Case of the Relative, and Question and Answer.

Q. What is the Rule of the case of the Re∣lative?

A. When there commeth no Nominative case between the Relative and the Verb, the Rela∣tive shall bee the Nominative case to the Verb. But if there doth com a Nominative case be∣tween the Relative and the Verb, the Relative shall bee governed of the Verb, or of som other word in the same sentence.

Q. What is the Rule of the Question and Answer?

A. When a Question is asked, the Answer must bee made by the same Case and Tens, that the Question is asked by.

CAP. 2. Of the Construction of Nouns.

Q. WHat nouns govern a Genitive case?

A. I. Nouns Substantives: and II. these Adjectives, 1. which signifie, desire, knowledg, ignorance, remembrance &c. 2. that are derived of verbs and end in ax. 3. that are Partitives, or 4. put partitively.

Q. What nouns govern a Dative case?

A. Those Adjectives, 1. that signifie profit or disprofit, likeness or unlikeness, pleasure, submitting, or belonging to a thing, 2. that are

derived of verbs, and are of the Passive signifi∣cation ending in bilis.

Qu. What nouns govern an Accusative case?

A. Adjectives of Quantitie.

Q. What nouns govern an Ablative case?

A. 1. Adjectives of the Comparative and Superlative degree having then or by after them: 2. Dignus, indignus, praeditus, captus, contentus: 3. Nouns of Diversitie. 4. Adjectives of plen∣tie and want. 5. Any Adjective or Verb, so that the Ablative case bee of the instrument, of the caus, or of the manner of doing. 6. Adjectives and Verbs of buying and selling. 7. Adjectives and Verbs Passives, and Neuters, that signifie som propertie or passion.

Q. When is a noun put in the Ablative case absolute?

A. When it is joyned with a Participle, and hath no word whereon it may bee governed.

CAP. 3. Of the Construction of Verbs.

Q. WHat verbs govern a Nominative case?

A. 1. Verbs Substantiues. 2. Verbs Passives of calling. 3. Verbs of gesture.

Qu. What verbs govern a Genitive case?

A. 1. Sum, when it signifieth belonging to a thing. 2. Verbs that betoken to esteem or re∣gard. 3. Verbs of accusing, condemning, warn∣ing, or acquitting. 4. Sátago, miséreor, and mi∣scrésco.

5. Reminiscor, Oblivíscor, and mémini·

Q. What verbs govern a Dative case?

A. All manner of verbs put acquisitively.

Q. How do you know such verbs?

A. By to or for after them.

Q. What verbs belong to this Rule?

A. Verbs that betoken, 1. to profit or dis∣profit. 2. To compare. 3. To give or restore. 4. To promise or to pay. 5. To command or to shew. 6. To trust. 7. To obey or bee a∣gainst. 8. To threaten or to bee angrie with. 9. Sum with its Compounds, and ten Verbs compounded with sátis, béne, málè, and Prae, ad, con, sub, ante, post, ob, in, inter.

Q. What verbs govern an Accusative case?

A. Verbs Transitives.

Q. What are these?

A Such as signifie what the verb doth or suffereth.

Q. What verbs govern an Ablative case?

A. 1. Any verb so that the Ablative case bee of the instrument, caus, or manner of doing. 2. Verbs of buying and selling. 3. Verbs that signifie a propertie or passion. 4. Verbs of plen∣tie or want. 5. Certain Deponents and Neuters, 6. Verbs of compareing or exceeding. 7. Verbs that betoken receiving, distance, or takeing away. 8. Mereor, and verbs Passives.

Q How may a verb govern divers cases?

A. In a divers respect.

Q. What are verbs of the Infinitive mood set after?

A. Certain Adjectives and Verbs.

CAP. 4. Of the Construction of Gerunds and Supines.

Q. WHat case do Gerunds and Su∣pines govern?

A. Such case as the Verbs that they com of,

Q. How is the Gerund in Di used?

A. After certain Substantives and Adjectives.

Q How is the Gerund in Do used?

A. With one of these Prepositions, a, ab, abs, d••e, ex, cum, in, pro.

Q. How is the Gerund in Dum used?

A. After one of these Prepositions, inter, ante, ad, ••b, propter.

Q What is the first Supine put after?

A. After Verbs and Participles that betoken moving to a place.

Q. What is the later Supine put after?

A. After nouns Adjectives.

CAP. 5. Of the Construction of Time, Space, and Place.

Q. WHat case bee nouns put in that be∣token part of time?

A. Commonly in the Ablative case.

Q. What case bee nouns put in that signi∣fie continued time?

A. Commonly in the Accusative case.

Q. What case bee Nouns put in that signi∣fie space between place and place?

A. In the Accusative case commonly.

Q. Nouns of place if they bee Appella∣tives, and proper names of great places, that signifie in, to, from or by a place, how shall they bee used?

A. With a Preposition.

Q Proper num••s of cities, that signifie 〈◊〉〈◊〉 or at a place, in what case shall they bee put?

A. If they bee of the first or second Declen∣sion and singular number, they shall bee put i•• the Genitive case: but if they bee of the third Declension and plural number onely, they shal•• bee put in the Abl••tive case.

Q. Proper names of Cities that signif•••• to a place, in what case shall they bee put?

A. In the Accusative.

Q Proper names that signifie from a place, in what case shall they bee put?

A. In the Ablative.

Q What Common names bee used like these Proper names of Cities?

A. Domus and Rus.

CAP. 6. Of the Construction of Im∣personals and Participles.

Q. WHat Impersonals govern a Gi∣nitive case?

A. Interest, resert, and est.

Q. What Impersonals govern a Dative case?

A. Libet, licet, patet &c.

Q. What Impersonals govern an Accusa∣tive case?

A. Juvat, decet, delectat, oportet.

Q. What Impersonals govern an Accu∣sative with a Genitive case?

A. Poenitet, tadet, miseret, pudet, piget.

Q. What Impersonals govern an Accu∣sative case with the Preposition Ad?

A. Attinet, pertinet, spectat.

Q. What cases do Participles govern?

A. They govern such cases as the verbs that they com of.

CAP. 7. Of the Constructions of words undeclined.

Q. WHat Adverbs govern a Nomina∣tive case?

A. En and ecce.

Q▪ What Adverbs govern a Genitive case?

A. Those of Time, Place, and Quantitie.

Q. What case govern Adverbs that are derived of Adjectives and Prepositions?

A. Such case as the Adjectives and Preposi∣tions themselvs govern, from which they bee derived.

Q. What Conjunctions couple like cases, and like moods and tenses?

A. Copulatives and Disjunctives, with these four, quàm, nisi, praeterquam, an.

Q. How many Prepositions serv to an Accusative case?

A. One and thirtie.

Q. Which bee they?

A. Ad, apud, adversus, adversum, ante, cis, citra, circùm, circa, circiter, contra, erga, extra, infra, in∣••r, intra, juxta, ob, penès, per, ponè, post, praeter,

prope, propter, secundùm, secus, supra, trans, vu∣sùs, ultra.

Q. How many Prepositions serv to an Ablative case?

A. Twelve.

Q. Which bee they?

A. A, ab, abs, absque, coram, cum, de, e, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, prae, pro, sine.

Q. How many Prepositions serv to an Accusative, or an Ablative case?

A. Five.

Q. Which bee they?

A. Clam, in, sub, subter, super.

Q. What case will Tenus have?

A. An Ablative or a Genitive.

Q. What Prepositions are alwaies set in Composition?

A. These six: viz. Am, di, dis, re, se, con.

Q Among the Interjections which to govern cases?

A. O, proh, ah, vah, hei, vae, hem, apage, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

Q. How many Figures have Latine words?

A. Six especially; of which see Cap. 10.

Q. What directions have you for makeing Latine?

Q. Those in Cap. 11, and 12.

Q What directions have you for construing Latine?

A. Those in Cap. 13.

Q. What directions have you for parsing Latine?

A. Those in Cap. 14.

Q. What directions have you for righ•• writeing?

A. Those in Cap. 15.

Notes

• * 1.1

  There bee 8 parts of Speech.
• * 1.2

  1. A Noun.
• * 1.3

  Which is Sub∣stantive or Ad∣jective.
• * 1.4

  Which is Proper, or Common.
• * 1.5

  To which be∣long two Numbers.
• * 1.6

  Six Cases.
• * 1.7

  Seven Gen∣ders,
• * 1.8

  Five De∣clensions,
• * 1.9

  There De∣grees of Comparison
• * 1.10

  II. A Pro∣noun:
• * 1.11

  To which belong Numbers. Cases. Genders. Declensions.
• * 1.12

  The first.
• * 1.13

  The second.
• * 1.14

  The third.
• * 1.15

  The fourth.
• * 1.16

  3 Persons.
• * 1.17

  III. A Verb, which is Personal, or Imperso∣nal.
• * 1.18

  To which belong 5 Kindes.
• * 1.19

  4 Moods.
• * 1.20

  5. Tenses.
• * 1.21

  3. Persons.
• * 1.22

  4. Conjuga∣tions.
• * 1.23

  The Conju∣gating of Sum.
• * 1.24

  Amo.
• * 1.25

  Amor.
• * 1.26

  Doceo.
• * 1.27

  Doceor.
• * 1.28

  Légo.
• * 1.29

  Légor.
• * 1.30

  Aúdio.
• * 1.31

  Aúdior.
• * 1.32

  4. A Partici∣ple.
• * 1.33

  To which belong 2. Numbers. 6. Cases. 7 Genders. Declension. Tens. Signification It hath four kindes.
• * 1.34

  And is decli∣ned like an Adjective.
• * 1.35

  5. An Ad∣verb.
• * 1.36

  6. A Con∣junction.
• * 1.37

  7. A Prepo∣sition.
• * 1.38

  8. An Inter∣jection.
• * 1.39

  To which belongeth Signification
• * 1.40

  Obs. & Ex••.
• * 1.41

  Obs.
• * 1.42

  Obs.
• * 1.43

  Obs.
• * 1.44

  Exc.
• * 1.45

  Obs.
• * 1.46

  Obs.
• * 1.47

  Obs.
• * 1.48

  Exc.
• * 1.49

  Obs.
• * 1.50

  Obs.
• * 1.51

  Obs.
• * 1.52

  Obs.
• * 1.53

  Obs.
• * 1.54

  Obs.
• * 1.55

  Obs.
• * 1.56

  Obs.
• * 1.57

  Obs.
• * 1.58

  Obs.
• * 1.59

  Obs.
• * 1.60

  Obs.
• * 1.61

  Obs.
• * 1.62

  Obs.
• * 1.63

  Of which see in the Constructi∣on of nouns▪
• * 1.64

  Obs.
• * 1.65

  Obs.
• * 1.66

  Obs.
• * 1.67

  Obs.
• * 1.68

  Obs.
• * 1.69

  Obs.
• * 1.70

  Obs.
• * 1.71

  Obs.
• * 1.72

  Exc. 14.
• * 1.73

  Exc.
• * 1.74

  Exc.
• * 1.75

  Exc.
• * 1.76

  Exc.