Examen historicum, or, A discovery and examination of the mistakes, falsities and defects in some modern histories occasioned by the partiality and inadvertencies of their severall authours / by Peter Heylin ...

AN APPENDIX To the fore-going ANIMADVERSIONS; &c.

TIS well known to some in London, that the fore-going Animadversions were finished, and fitted for the Press before Michaelmas, Anno 1657. the reasons why they have lain so long unpub∣lished were these two especially: First, A Report that the Task was undertaken by a Cambridge man, who had more knowledge of the Author whom I had to deale with then I can pretend to; and I desired rather that the burthen of it the publick, satisfaction to all parties intrusted, should be born by any then my self. Secondly, There was a generall opinion spred abroad in all pla∣ces (to what ends I know not, nor much care) that the Church Historian was in hand with a Review of the Work before us, in which he was resolved to make some fair amends to Truth, to correct the errors of his Pen, and to make reparation to the injured Clergy, and, to say truth, there was none fitter then himself for that undertaking, none fitter to give Plaisters for the broken

head••, then the man that break•• them. The Poet wa•• right enough in this,

—••••m qui mihi vul••er•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Solus Achilleo tollere more potest.

That is to say,

None but the man who gave the Wound, Achilles like, could make it sound.

But the Reports being thought at last to have somewhat in them of design, or artifice, to stave off the business, I was sollicited with greater importunity to p••blish the fore-going Anim••dversions, then I was at fir•••• to undertake them. The Reader notwithstanding will be no looser by this delay.

For first, It gave me leasure and opportunity of bestowing my second thought upon the Animadver••••ons, (adding here and there some Observations, which before were wanting.)

And secondly, It brought into my hands the Ap••logie o•• Doctor Iohn Cosens, Dean of Peterburrough, in answer to some passages of our present History, directed in the way of a Letter to one Mr. VVarren, now deceased, with a desire to have them communicated to the Author of some Animadversions upon that History (which he was credibly informed, by what intelligence I know not••) to be then in readiness. I shall therefore do him so much right as to communicate his Papers to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 publick view; First laying down Mr. F••••••ers word•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 they lye in his Hi••••ory, and then leaving Dr. Cos••ns to speak for himself. So doing, I shall keep my self from engaging upon either ••ide, and leave the Reader to judge indifferently between the p••rti•••• as h•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 occ••sion.

M^r. Fullers Charge on D^r. Cosens Lib 11. fol. 173.

DR. Cosens soon after was highly ac∣cused for Superstition and unjust proceedings against one Mr. Smart on this occasion;* 1.1 The Doctor is charged to have set upon the Church of Durham, a M••rble Altar with Cherubins, which cost two thousand pounds, with all the Appur∣tenances thereof, namely, a Cope, with the Trinity, and God the Father in the Figure of an old man, ano∣ther with the Crucifix and Image of Christ, with a red Bewd and blew Cap; besides, he was accused for light∣ing two hundred Wax Candles about the Altar on Candl••ma•• day, for forbidding any Psalmes to be sung before or after Sermon, though making an Antheme to be sung of the three Kings of Colen (by the names of) Gasper, Balthazar, and Melchior, and for procuring a consecrated Knife, only to cut the Bread at the Com∣munion.

35. Mr. Smart a Prebendary of the Church,* 1.2 one of grave Aspect and reve∣rend Presence sharply inveighed, in a Sermon against these Innovations, taking for his Text, I hate all those that ••old super••••itio••s Vanities, but thy Law I love.

36. Hereupon he was k••pt Prisoner foure Months by the High Commission of York, before any Articles were exhibited against him, and five Months before any Proctor was allowed him, hence was he carried to th•• High Commission at Lamb••th, and after long trouble re∣manded to York, fined five hundred pounds, committed to Prison, ordered to recant, and for neglect thereof,

fined again, Excommunicated, Degraded, and Deprived, his Damage (as brought in) amounting to many thousand pounds.

37. But now Mr. Rows of the House of Commons, bringing up the Charge to the Lords against Dr. Cosens, termed Mr. Smart the Protomartyr of England in these latter daies of Persecution, and large reparation was allowed to him, though he lived not long after to enjoy them.

Now though none can excuse and defend Dr. Co∣sens his carriage herein,* 1.3 yet this must be repor∣ted to his due commendation; some yeares after getting over into France, he neither joyned with the Church of French Protestants at Charen Town nigh Paris, nor kept any Communion with the Papists therein, but confined himself to the Church of English Protestants therein, where, by his pious living, constant praying and preaching, he reduced some Recusants to, and confirmed more Doubters in, the Protestant Reli∣gion; Many were his Encounters with Jesuits and Priests, defeating the suspicions of his Foes, and ex∣ceeding the expectacion of his Friends in the success of such Disputes.

PARIS, April 6. 1658.

The Answer of Dr. Cosins to the Charge foregoing.

Sir,

I Am glad to hear from you of your safe Arrivall in England: and I am to thank both you and other of my Friends, that intend to vindicate me from the Inju∣ry done, no less to Truth then to my self, by a passage in Mr. Fullers History, which I beleive he inserted there

(as he doth many things besides) upon the false Re∣ports and Informations of other men, that were loath to let an old malicious Accusation dye, as it might well enough have done, if he had not kept it up still alive, and recorded it to Poste••ity; whereof he is so sensible already himself, that by his own Letter directed to me (more then a year since) he offered to make me a∣mends in the next Book he write••; but he hath not done it yet. Having never been acquainted with him more then by his Books, which have many petulant, light, and indiscreet passages in them, I know not how to trust him; and therefore if the Authors of the intended Animadversions (which you mention) will be pleased to do me right, you may assure th••m there is no∣thing but Truth in this ensuing Relation.

Mr. Smart, who had been Schoolmaster, and after became Prebendery of Durham, was an old man of a most froward fierce, and unpeaceable Spirit, &c. Upon a s••di∣tious Sermon which he preached in that Church, (where contrary to his duty he had neglected to preach for seven years together before) he was first questioned at Durham, from whence he was called to the High Com∣mission Court at Lond. and afterward•• at his own desire remitted to the same Court at York; where being sen∣tenced to recant, and refusing so to do with great scorn, he was at last, upon his obstinacy degraded from his Ecclesiasticall Function; and that Sentence was not long after judicially confirmed by Judge Damport at the publick Assises in Durham, where he was by publick sentence also at the Common Law put out of his Pre∣bend, and his Benefices that he formerly held in that County.

Many years following he procured a large Mainte∣nance for himself and his Family, to the summ of 400 l. per ann. (more worth to him then his Chu••ch-profi••s,

ever were) out of the peculiar Contributions at London, and elsewhere gathered up for silenced Ministers.

But when the Parliament began in the year 1640, upon project and hope of getting more, he preferred a Bill o•• Complaint there against thirty severall persons at the least, that is, against the High Commissioners at Lon∣don, the same Commissioners and Prebends Residentia∣ry at York, the Dean and Chapter of Durham, with dive••s others, whereof I was but One, though he was pleased to set my Name in the Front of them all. From all these together he expected to recover and receive a greater summ of money (for Money was his project) pretending that he had lost by them no less then thirty thousand pounds (though he was never known to be worth one.)

After his Bill of Complaint was carried up by a Gentleman of the House of Commons to the House of Lords among the rest of those persons that were accu∣sed by him (some for Superstition, and some for Perse∣cution) I put in my full Answer upon Oath, and decla∣red the truth of the whole matter; whereof Mr. Fuller taketh not any notice at all, and therein dealeth most unfaithfully both with me and the Reader of his Hi∣story; for that Answer of mine is upon Record, among the Rolls of Parliament, and was justified before the Lords both by my self, and by the very Witness that Mr. Smart and his Son-in-law produced there against me; whereupon his own Lawyer (Mr. Glover) openly at the Bar of that honourable House forsook him, and told him plainly, that he was ashamed of his Com∣plaint, and could not in Conscience plead for him any longer: Mr. Smart in the mean while crying out aloud and beseeching their Lordships to appoint him another Lawyer, and to take care of his fourteen thousand pound damages, besides other demands that he had to

make, which arose to a gr••ater summ.

But after this (which was the fifth day of pleading between u••) the Case was heard no more concerning my particular, and many of the Lords said openly, that ••r. Smar•• had abused the House of Commons, with a caus∣••••ess Complaint against me, whereupon my Lord the Earl of Warwick, was pleased to bring me an Order of ••he Lords House, whereby I had liberty granted me to ••eturn unto my places of Charge in the University, or ••lsewhere, till they sent for me again, which they never ••id.

The Answers that I gave in upon Oath, and justified ••efore their Lordships, were to this effect, all contrary 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Mr. Fullers groundless reports.

1. T••at the Communion-Table in the Church of Dur∣••am (which in the Bill of Complaint and M. Fullers Hist. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 said to be the Marble Altar with Ch••rubins) was not 〈◊〉〈◊〉 up by me, but by the Dean and Chapter there 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of Mr. Smart himself was one) many years be∣••••re I b••came Pr••••endary of that Church, or ever saw 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Country.

2. That by the publick Account•• which are there ••••gistred, it did not appear to have cost above the tenth ••••rt of what is pretended, Appurtenance•• and all.

3. That likewise the Copes used in that Church ••ere brought in thither long before my time, and when ••r. Smart th•• Complainant was Preb••ndary there, who ••••so allowed his part (as I was ready to prove by the 〈◊〉〈◊〉-Book) of the money that they cost, for they cost ••t little.

4. That as I never approved the Picture of the Tri∣••y, or the Image of God the Father in the Figure of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 old Man, or otherwise to be made or placed any ••••ere at all: So I was well assured that there were none ••••ch (nor to my knowledge or hear-say ever had been)

put upon any Cope that was used there among us; One there was that had the Story of the Passion embroi∣dered upon it, but the Cope that I used to weare when at any time I attended the Communion-Service, was of plain white Sattin only without any Embroidery upon it at all.

5. That ••hat the Bill of Complaint called the I∣mage of Christ, with a blew Cap, and a golden Beard, (Mr. Fullers History sayes it was red, and that it was set upon one of the Copes) was nothing else but the top of Bishop Ha••fields Tomb (set up in the Church under a si••e-Arch there, two hundred years before I was born) being a little Portraiture not appearing to be above ten Inches long, and hardly discernable to the eye what Figure it is, for it stands thirty Foot from the ground.

6. That by the locall Statutes of that Church (wher∣un••o Mr. Smart was sworn, as well as my selfe) the Treasurer was to give Order, that the provision should every year be made of a sufficient number of Wax-light•• for the Service of the Quire, during all the Winter time; which Statute I observed when I was chosen into that Office, and had order from the Dean and Chapter by Cap••tular Act to do it: yet upon the Communion Table they that used to light the Candles (the Sacri••ts, and the Virgers) never set more then two fair Candle•• with a few small Sizes neer to them, which they put there, of purpose that the people all about might have the better use of them, for singing the Psalmes, and rea∣ding the Lessons out of the Bibles: But two hundred was a greater number then they used all the Church over, either upon Candlem••s Night or any other, and that there were no more (sometimes many less) lighted at that time, then at the like Festivalls in Christmas-Holy∣daies, when the people of the City came in greater com∣pany to the Church, and therefore required a greater store of lights.

7. That I never forbad (nor any body else that I know) the singing of the (Meeter) Psalms in the Church, which I used to sing daily there my self with other company at Morning Prayer. But upon Sundaies and Holy-daies in the Quire, before the Sermon the Creed was sung (and sung plainly for every one to understand) as it is ap∣pointed in the Communion Book, & after the Sermon we sung a part of a Psalm, or some other Antheme taken out of the Scripture, and first signified to the people where they might find it,

8. That so far was I from making any A••theme to be sung of the three Kings of Colen, as that I ma••e i•• when I first saw it to be torn in pieces, and I my sel•• cut it out of the old Song Books belonging to the Choristers School, with a Penknife that lay by, at my very first coming to reside in that Colledge. But sure I was, that no such Antheme had been sung in the Q••ire, during all my time of attendance there, nor (for ought that any the eldest persons of the Church and Town could tell, or ever heard to the contrary) for fif••y or three∣score years before, and more.

9. That there was indeed an ordinary Knife I confess, provided and laid ready among other things belonging to the Administration of the Communion, for the cutting of the Bread, and divers other uses in the Church Vestry; that when the under Officers there had any occasion to use a Knife, they might not be put to go to seek one abroad. But that it was ever consecra∣ted, or so called, otherwise then as Mr. Smart and some of his Followers had for their pleasure put that appel∣l••tion upon it, I never heard, nor I believe any body ••lse that lived here among us.

[There were divers other Articles of this nature in the Bill of Complaint, whereof Mr. Smart could not prove any one to which I gave the like

Answers, as I did here to these; but Mr. Fullers History makes no mention of them]

10. Touching Mr. Smarts Sermon, I made answer, and submitted his censure to the prudent and religious consideration of the Lords, whether he was not justly condemned to be scandalous and seditious by his preaching thereof; and I represented many passages in it, disagreeable to the Laws of God and his Church, and repugnant to the publick Statutes of Parlia∣ment.

11. For which after we had begun ••o question him in the High Commission Court at Durham (where we endeavoured to reduce him to a better mind, and to an unity with the Church, against which he had so injuriously and intemperatly declaimed;) I had no further hand or meddling with the prosecution of this ma••ter in other Courts against him, more then that I wrote (at the speciall instance of Judge Yelverton) a Letter in his behalf to the Archbishop of York, and the Commissioners there, which I procured the Dean and most of the Pr••bendaries of Durham to sign and sub∣scribe with me, earnestly intreating for him, that upon any due sence of his ••ault, he might be quietly sent back to us again, in hope that he would hereafter live in better peace and concord with us (as he promised both judge Yelverton and us to do) then he had done be∣fore.

12. The cruell usage and imprisonment that he suffered (whereof Mr. Fuller taketh speciall notice, and makes a Marginall mark at it) was, as I have been credible assured, nothing else but a faire and gentle treatment of him in an Officers House at York, to whom he was committed for a while, and paid little for it. I•• is the Historians mistake here to say, he was carryed ••rom York to Lambeth; for he was at his own request

sent from Lambeth to York, the Fine th••t was se•• up 〈◊〉〈◊〉 him he never paid, and by his own wilfull loss of his Church-livings, he gained a larger maintenance, living at his ease and pleasure, by the contribution that he got as a suspended and silenc'd P••eacher; though the truth was, that having had a Prebend and a Benefice many years together in the Bishoprick of Durham, and being alwaies in health, he neglected preaching so much at them both, and elsewhere besides, that he was seldom noted to preach above two Sermons in a year; who, though he demanded many thousand pound•• at the Parliament, yet by Mr. Fullers leave, the Parliament gave him none; nor ordered either my self, nor any other that he impeacht ever to pay him a Groat: only upon Doctor Carrs death (who had b••en put into hi•• Prebend place) he was sent by the Lords t•• his Vic••∣rage, and his Prebend again, which he had little ••••ill to take, because he ••ound but little profit in compariso•• of what he hoped to be had by them, in the mean while he took up divers great summ•• of mon••y from some of his Partisans in London, and made them believe that the Parliament would pay them all with advantage.

13. There is another Marginall Note in Mr. Fuller, referring▪ as he saith, to my due praise and commen∣dation, whereof he makes one part to be▪ that I joyned not with the French Pro••estants at Char••nton, since. I got over hither into France: but I would that he and all the World should know it▪ I never refused to joyn with the Protestants either there, or any where else, in all ••hings wherein they joyn with the Church of England. Many of them have been here at our Church, and we have been at theirs. I have buried divers of our peop••e at Ch••renton, and they p••rmit us to make use of their pecu••iar and decent Sae••e••erie here in Paris for ••h••t purpose▪ which if they did not, we ••hould be ••orced to

bury our Dead in a Di••ch. I have Baptized many of their Children at the request of their own Ministers, with whom I have good acquaintance, and find them ••o be very deserving and learned men, great Lovers ••nd Honoure••s of our Church, notwithstanding the loss which She hath lately received in externall Mat∣••ers, wherein we are agreed that the Essence of true Religion doth not consist. Many of their people (and of the best sort and quality among them) have frequented our publick Prayers with great reverence, and I have delivered t••e holy Communion to them, according to our own Order which they observed religiously. I have Married divers persons of good Condition among them: and I have presented some of th••ir S••h••llars to be ordained Deacons and Priests 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by our own Bishops (whereof Monsieur De Ta∣renne's Chaplain is one, and the Duke De la Force's Chaplain another) and the Church at Charenton ap∣••••••ved of it) and I preached here publickly at their Ordination. Besides I have been (as often a•• I had ••are time from attending our own Congregation) to pray and sing Psalmes with them, and to heare both the Weekly and the Sunday Sermons at Charenton, whi∣ther two of my Children also (pensioned here in a Protestant Family at Paris) have daily repaired for that purpose with the Gentlewoman that governed them.

All which is abundantly enough to let the World know and see here (as it doth) what a vain and rash man Mr. Fuller is in his History: wherein he hath done Injury to many more besides me, some dead and some alive, who I hope will represent his unfaithful∣ness in his own Country, both to himself and to others. I am only beholden to him for telling the t••u••h of me in one particular, which is, that I have

by Gods blessing reduced some, and preserved many others from communicating with the Papists; defen∣ding the Truth of our own Religion (as I have al∣waies done) where ever I am; and therein I pray God still to bless us and preserve us all.

And now out of all this which I have faithfully related, I trust that those who intend their ANIMADVERSIONS upon his History, will have enough to say and insert in their own Stile for the vindication of,

SIR,

Your Affectionate, & most humble SERVANT J. C.

You know Monsieur Dallê to be one of the greatest account, and the best Deserts amongst the reformed Church-men in France: It will not be amiss to let you know upon thi•• occ••sion, what he wrote to a Schollar, a Friend of his, and an University-man in Cambridge, for these were the words in his Letter;

Tuus Cosins, imò noster (intercedit enim nobis cum illo suavis amicitia atque familiari∣tas) mihi admodùm probatur. Bestiae sunt & quidem fanatici qui eum de Papismo suspectum habent, à quo vix reperias qui sit magis alie∣nus, &c.

Thus having laid before the Reader both the Bill and Answer, I leave him to make Judgment of it by the Rule•• of Equity; remembring him of that old Saying, Videlicet▪

Qui statuit aliquid, parte in audita altera; Equum licet statuerit, haud Equus fuit.

FINIS.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Supe••stition•• cha••ged on Dr. Cosens
• * 1.2

  Cru••ll usage of Mr. Smart.
• * 1.3

  Dr. Cosins Praise.