Cosmographie in four bookes : containing the chorographie and historie of the whole vvorld, and all the principall kingdomes, provinces, seas and isles thereof / by Peter Heylyn.

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Title
Cosmographie in four bookes : containing the chorographie and historie of the whole vvorld, and all the principall kingdomes, provinces, seas and isles thereof / by Peter Heylyn.
Author
Heylyn, Peter, 1600-1662.
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London :: Printed for Henry Seile ...,
1652.
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Geography -- Early works to 1800.
World history -- Early works to 1800.
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http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A43514.0001.001
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"Cosmographie in four bookes : containing the chorographie and historie of the whole vvorld, and all the principall kingdomes, provinces, seas and isles thereof / by Peter Heylyn." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A43514.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 13, 2025.

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THE DVKEDOM OF ANIOV.

THe DVKEDOM of ANJOV, taking it in the full latitude and extent thereof, is bounded on the East with La Beausse; on the West with Breagne; on the North with Norman∣die; and on the South with part of Berry and Poictou. In which circumference are comprehended the three small Provinces of Anjou, Tourein, and Maine; the antient Inhabitants whereof, in the times of the Romans, were the Andes as Caesar, (or the Andegavii as Plinie) calls them, the Turones, and the Cenomani, accounted afterwards a part of the Province of Lugdunensis Tertia.

The Countrey for the most part is very fruitful and pleasant, especially in Tourein; as is the whole tract upon the Loir. Anjou is somewhat the more hilly, but otherwise little inferiour to Tourein, affording plenty of white wines, the best in France; and yielding from those Hills above 40 Riverets, falling into the Loire from thence, the chief whereof are Mayenne, 2 Vienne, 3 Dive, and 4 Sartre.

1 ANJOV called Andegavia by the Latines, is situate in the middest betwixt Maine and Tou∣rein, so called from the Andegavi, the Inhabitants of these parts. Principal Cities are, 1 Angers, (by Ptolomie called Iuliomagus) of a large Circuit, and well built, the See of a Bishop, reckoning in it 15 Parishes besides the Cathedral. It is seated on the River Sartre in a very good air, and there∣fore chosen for the seat of an Vniversitie founded here by Lewis the 2d Duke of Anjou, the Sonne of King Iohn, Anno 1388. 2 Beaufort, a Town belonging formerly to the Dukes of Lancaster, in which Iohn of Gaunt so much delighted, that he caused all the Children that he had by Catharine Swinford, his third Wife, to be called Beauforts: which Beauforts were afterward Dukes of Somer∣set and Exeter, and Earls of Dorset. This Town came to the house of Lancaster, by the mariage of Blaxch of Artoys, unto Edmund surnamed Crouchback, second Son to our Henry the 3d, created by

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his Father, the first Earl of Lancaster. Memorable in these later times for giving the Title of a Dutchess to Madam Catharine, the beloved Mistress of King Henry the 4th, by whom she was mo∣ther of Caesar now Duke of Vendosme, and Alexander, not long since the Grand Prior of France. With reference to which, the second Sonne of the Duke of Vendosme is honoured at this present with the title of Duke of Beaufort: as the eldest with relation to his Mother was made Duke of Mercoeur. 3 Baugie, neer which was fought that memorable Battle betwixt the English and the French, wherein the English lost the day, and Thomas Duke of Clarence, Brother to Henry the fifth, was there unfortunately slain. Anno 1422. 4 Saumur, pleasantly situate on the Loire, and for long time one of the Cautionarie Towns in the hands of those of the Reformed Religion: of whom it is the onely entire Universitie of this Kingdome; especially famous for the learned Philip du Morney, Lord of Plessis, sometimes the Governour hereof. 5 Loches, seated on the River Indre, the Castle whereof being mounted on a steep high Rock, is thought to be one of the strongest pee∣ces of all France. 6 La Flesche, of speciall name at the present for a College of Jesuits, one of the fairest in this Kingdom. The word in the French tongue signifieth an Arrow (whence those who make Bowes and Arrowes have the name of Flschers.) At Nola in the Realm of Naples, there is another College of them, called D Arque, the Bow: On which one wittilie composed this ensuing distich;

Arcum Nola dedit, dedit illis alma Sagittam Gallia: quit Funem, quem meruere, dabit?

That is to say,

Nola the Bow, and France the Shaft did bring: But who shall help them to the Hempen-string.

2 On the South-east of Anjou, betwixt it and Berry, lieth the Countrie of TOUREIN, the ancient Seat of the Turones: which, for the wholesomness of the Air, the pleasantness of the Countrie, and admirable plenty of all Commodities, is by some called The Garden of France. Prin∣cipall Cities in it, 1 Amboise, pleasantly seated on the Loire, and beautified with one of the fai∣rest Castles in France, both for the gallantrie of the Building, and beautifulness of the Prospect. 2 Tours, by Ptolomie called Caesarodunum, and the Turonum Civit as of Antoninus; the Metropo∣lis of Lugdunensis tertia, and an Archbishops See: a fair, rich, and well-traded Town, situate on the banks of the Loire, in a most sweet and pleasing Countrie. Famous in that those of the Refor∣med Religion, from the Gate of S. Hugo, at which they used to issue out to their Assemblies in the Fields, had the name of Hugonots. Given to them, as some others think, as the Disciples of the night-walking Spirit (or Robin Goodfellow) which they call S. Hugo, in regard they had their first meetings, for the most part, in the nights; as had the Primitive Christians in the times of their Persecutions. Some, more improbably, (and indeed ridiculously) derive the name from the first words of an Apologie which they are fabled to have made to the King; which were Huc nos veni∣mus: fancying, that as the Protestants did derive that Appellation from the words Protestantes and Protestamur, so often used by them in their Apologie to Charles the fifth; so from those words Huc nos, came the name of Hugonots, or Hucnots: But more assuredly famous for the great Battle fought neer it by Charles Martell, Mayre of the Palace, and Father of Pepin King of France, against an Armie of 40000 Mors, led by Abderamen, Leiutenant Generall in Spain, for Evelid or Iscam the great Caliph: of which 370000 lost their lives in the place, Anno 734. 3 Laudun. 4 Riche∣lieu, pleasantly seated in a rich and flourishing Soil, as the name importeth. Of no great note till the time of the late great Cardinall of Richelieu, who took name from hence; by whom it was made one of the neatest Towns in all this Kingdom, and honoured with the titles of a Dukedom and Pairrie of France.

As for the Fortunes of this Province (for of Anjou we shall speak more at large anon) it had a while its own Proprietarie Earls of the house of Blais, conferred by Hugh Capet upon Odon Earl of Blais and Champagne, and by him given, together with the Earldom of Blais, to Theobald or Thi∣buld his Eldest Sonne, (his second Sonne named Stephen succeeding in Champagne) who in the year 1043, was vanquished and slain by Charles Martell Earl of Anjou, and this Province seized on by the Victor, who afterwards made Tours his ordinarie Seat and Residence. Part of which Earldom it continued, till the seizure of Anjou, and all the rest of the English Provinces in France, on the sentence passed upon King Iohn. After which time dismembred from it, it was conferred on Iohn, the fourth Sonne of King Charles the sixth, with the stile and title of Duke of Tourein: and he deceasing without Issue, it was bestowed with the same title on Charles the eldest Sonne of Lewis Duke of Orleans (in the life of his Father:) the same who afterwards suceeding in the Duke∣dom of Orleans, was taken Prisoner by the English at the Battle of Agincourt, kept Prisoner 25 years in England, and finally was the Father of King Lewis the 12th.

3 On the North side of Anjou, betwixt it and Normandie, lieth the Province of MAINE. The chief Towns whereof are, 1 Mans, Cenomanensium Civitas in Antoninus, by Ptolomie called Vindinum; seated on the meeting of Huine, and Sartre; the principall of the Province, and a Bishops See: most memorable in the elder times for giving the title of an Earl to that famous Rowland, the Sisters Sonne of Charlemagne, one of the Twelve Peers of France; (the Subject of many notable Poems under the name of Orlando Inamorato, Orlando Furioso, besides many of the old Romances)

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who was Earl of Mans. 2 Mayenne, on the banks of a river of the same name, (Meduana in Latine) the title of the second branch of the House of Guise 1 famous for Charles Duke of May∣enne, who held out for the Lague against Henry the 4th; A Prince not to be equalled in the Art of War, onely unfortunate in employing it in so ill a cause. 3 Vitrun, upon the edge of Breagne, of which little memorable. 4 La Val, not far from the head of the River Mayenne: of note for gi∣ving both name and title to the Earls of Laval, an antient Familie, allied unto the houses of Ven∣dosme, Bretagne, Anjou, and others of the best of France. Few else of any note in this Countie, which once subsisting of its self under its own naturall Lords and Princes, was at last united to the Earldom of Anjou, by the mariage of the Lady Guiburge, Daughter and Heir of Helie the last Earl hereof, to Eoulk Earl of Anjou, Anno 1083. or thereabouts: the Fortunes of which great Estate it hath alwayes followed.

But as for Anjou it self, the principall part of this goodly Patrimonie, it was by Charles the Bald conferred on Robert a Satn Prince, for his valour shewn against the Normans, Anno 870. Which Robert was Father of Eudes King of France, Richard Duke of Burgundie, and Robert who succeeded in the Earldom of Anjou: Competitor with Charles the Simple for the Crown it self, as the next Heir to his Brother Eudes, who died King thereof. Slain in the pursute of this great quarrell, he left this Earldom, with the title of Earl of Paris, and his pretensions to the Crown, unto Hugh his Sonne, surnamed the Great: who to make good his claim to the Crown, against Lewis the 4th, Sonne of Charles the Simple, conferred the Earldom of Anjou, and the Countrie of Gastinois, on Geofrie surnamed Ghrysogonelle, a renowned Warriour, and a great stickler in his cause, in whose race it continued neer 300 years. How the two Counties of Main and Tourein were joyned to it, hath been shewn before. Geofrie the Sonne of Foulk the 3d, maried Maude, Daughter to Henry the first of England, and Widow of Henry the 4th Emperour: from whom proceeded Henry the second, King of England, and Earl of Anjou. But Iohn his Sonne, forfeiting his Estates in France (as the French pretended) Anjou returned unto the Crown: and afterwards was conferred by King Lewis the 9th, on his Brother Charles; who in right of Beatrix his Wife was Earl of Provence, and by Pope Urban the 4th was made King of Naples and Sicilie. Afterwards it was made a Duke∣dom by King Charles the fifth, in the person of Lewis of France his second Brother, to whom this fair Estate was given, as second Sonne of King Iohn of France, the Sonne of Phlip de Valois, and consequently the next Heir to Charles de Valois the last Earl hereof (the King his Brother yeelding up all his right unto him.) Finally it returned again unto the Crown in the time of Lewis the 11th. The Earls and Dukes hereof having been vested with the Diadems of severall Countries, follow in this Order.

The Earls of Anjou of the Line of Saxonie.
  • 870. 1 Robert of Saxonie, the first Earl of Anjou.
  • 875. 2 Robert II. Competitour for the Crown of France with Charles the Simple, as Brother of Eu∣des the last King.
  • 922. 3 Hugh the great, Lord of Gastiois, Earl of Paris, Constable of France, and Father of Hugh Capet.
  • 926. 4 Geofrie hrysogonelle, by the Do∣nation of Hugh the great, whose partie he had followed in the War of France, with great fide∣litie and courage.
  • 938. 5 Foulk, Earl of Anjou, the Sonne of Geofrie.
  • 987. 6 Geofrie II. surnamed Martell, for his great valour.
  • 1047. 7 Geofrie III. Nephew of Geofrie 2. by one of his Sisters.
  • 1075. 8 Foulk II. Brother of Geofrie 3. gave Gastinois, (which was his proper inheritance) to King Philip the first; that by his help he might recover the Earldom of Anjou, from his part where∣in he was excluded by his Bro∣ther Geofrie.
  • 1080. 9 Geofrie IV. Sonne of Foulk 2.
  • 1083. 10 Foulk III. Brother of Geofrie; King of Hierusalem in the right of Melisend his Wife.
  • 1143. 11 Geofrie V. surnamed Plantagenet.
  • 1150. 12 Henry the II. King of England, Sonne of Earl Geofrie and Maud his Wife, Daughter of King Henry the first.
  • 1162 13 Geofrie VI. third Son of King Hen∣ry the 2d, made Earl of Anjou on his mariage with Constance the Heir of Bretagne.
  • 1186. 14 Arthur Sonne of Geofrie and Con∣stance.
  • 1202. 15 Iohn King of England, succeeded on the death of Arthur, dis∣possed of his Estates in France by Philip Augustus, immediately on the death of Arthur.

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    Earls and Dukes of Anjou,* 1.1 of the Line of France.
    • 1262. 1 Charles, Brother of King Lewis the 9th. Earl of Anjou and Pro∣vence, King of Naples and Sici∣lia, &c.
    • 1315. 2 Charles of Valois, Sonne of Philip the 3d, Earl of Anjou in right of his Wife, Neece of the former Charles, by his Sonne and Heir of the same name; the Father of Philip de Valois, French King.
    • 1318. 3 Lewis of Valois, the second Sonne of Charles, died without Issue, Anno 1325.
    • 1376. 4 Lewis of France, the 2d Sonne of King Iohn, the Sonne of Philip de Valois, created the first Duke of Anjou by King Charles his Brother; and adopted by Queen Ioan of Naples, King of Naples, Sicil, and Hierusalem, and Earl of Provence.
    • 1385. 5 Lewis III. Duke of Anjou, and Earl of Provence, and Maine, titularie King of Sicil, Naples, and Hiersalem.
    • 1416. 6 Lewis IV. successour to his Father in Estate and Titles.
    • 1430 7 Roè, the Brother of Lewis, by the adoption of Qu. Ioan the 2d, was for a while possessed of Naples, but presently outed by Alfonso of Aragon, and died the titularie K. of Naples, Sicil, and Hierusa∣lem; the Father of Queen Mar∣garite, Wife of Henry the sixt, Duke of Bar in right of Violant his Mother.
    • 1480. 8 Charles Earl of Maine, Nephew to Renè by his 3d Brother Charles, at his decease left An∣jou, and all the rest of his E∣states, to King Lewis the 11th. Anno 1481. Since which never otherwise aliened, than as an ho∣nourarie title of the third Sonne of France.

    It is to be observed here (according to our method in other places) that Renè King of Sicil, &c. and Duke of Anjou, instituted an Order of Knighthood, called of the Croissant; the Knights whereof carried a Crescent, or Half-Moon, on their right Armes, with this motto, L'Os en Croissant, encouraging them thereby to seek the increase of valour and reputation.

    The Arms of this Dukedom were France, a Border Gules.

    Notes

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