The second part of the principles of art military, practised in the warres of the United Provinces consisting of the severall formes of battels, represented by the illustrious Maurice Prince of Orange of famous memorie, and His Highnesse Frederick Henry Prince of Orange, that is Captaine Generall of the Army of the high and mighty Lords the States Generall of the United Provinces : together with the order and forme of quartering, encamping, and approaching, in a warre offensive and defensive.

OF PALISADOES, PALES, VRIZ-RVY∣TERS, CAVALLIERS DE FRIZE, Called in English Turne-piks. THE TENTH CHAPTER.

WEe haue observed in our declaration of Originall names vvhence, the Cavalleries De Frize tooke their name: to witt, at the siege of Groeninghen in Frizeland, vvhere they served for great use, by stopping and hindring the Enemies horse, when they came to relieue the Tovvn, and then got this name of Vrize ruyters in Dutch, Cavalliers de Frize in French, and Frize Horses or Turne-pikes in English, and besides the stopping of a suddaine charge of Horse, they are of excellent use, to be clapt on the topp of a breach, or some vveake place of a Trench, or a vvall, and good store of them ought to be carryed along vvith an Army on vvaggons, to be sett up in some Avenus, or passages, to stop and hinder the sudden attempt of an Enemy, vvhen one hath no time to cast up a trench.

In Fortresses they are also of greater use then chaines or Barres, vvhich crosseth the streets, For a man may skip over a chaine, and a good Horse will leap over it: But being beset and crossed vvith Turne-pikes, neither Foot nor Horse are able to passe over them, seeing they have staves and sharp points through them on all sides. They may be set up also in the streets of Suburbs and other places instead of Barres, and vvhere some broad places are to be kept, in joyning many of them together, vvhich is done ordinarily in the expeditions of Warres.

They are made in this manner following, you take a tree of firme wood, vvhich will not cleave, vvhere of the Diameter is five or sixe inches, and some 10, or 14 foot long, vvhich is made vvith six corners, so that it hath six sides, and in the midst of these sides, one bores three or foure inches one from another cros-wise, and thē puts through these holes round javelings, vvhereof the Diameter is an inch and a half, or at the most two inches, the lengt of them is sixe or size foot, and so made, that they are all of one length, which are made of a strong and a firme piece of timber, which will not easily bend, nor will be weakned by raine, these are thrust through these holes, so that they are of a just length on both sides, and have as many javelings on the one side, as on the other: so that the Turnepike is alike over all, and falleth alvvaies after one fashion, as it lies, and as one vvould have it. Both the ends of these javelings are headed, and sharp pointed vvith yron, and the ends of the tree are plated about vvith rings of iron, that the tree of the Turnepike may not cleave and in the middest of both ends there are rings and clasps made to tye tvvo or three of these Turne-pikes together with chaines, if occasion should serve, all vvhich is represented in the 165 figure.

Where there are some Banks near unto a Fortresse or water, vvhere Shipping may passe to and again, or vvhere a water may be vvaded through, there are made pales or Barrica∣does, represented in the 166 figure, which are made vvith Sparres of strong vvood, squared out, being some 4 or 5 inches big and some nine or ten foot long, vvhich are set between 2 great posts, about 5 or 6 inches one from another, as ye may see in thee 166 figure.

The fouresquare Tanternailes is a very necessary thing for defence, having alvvaies one of the points standing upvvard. For they have foure points as sharp as a naile, whereof three stands upon the ground, and the fourth hovvsoever it lies, standing bolt upright. They are of divers greatnesse, for those vvhich are commonly used in this Country, are lesser then

those which are cast into a Moate. The point whereof 3 or 4, or 5 inches long. A For∣tresse ought to have good store of them for to cast them into a moate, into a Falsebray, or upon a Breach, because they prick and hurt shrodly the Souldiers feet which strives to en∣ter. They are represented to you in the 167 figure.

Your Dodanes or Beares made of stone or brick are set upon a banke by a river side, to keep the water from overflowing, (or running out of a moat. The Dutches cals it a Beare, because it represents the shape of a Beare, but the French terme it des d'Asnes, and of one word corrupted Dodanes, that is, an Asses backe▪ because it hath some resemblance of an Asses back, upon which disobedient Souldiers, who committed some notable offence must ride upon some houres one after another, which we call in English a Woodden horse, and hath the fashion of an Asses-backe.

Master Symon Stephens, Prince Maurice his old Mathematician, in his new Booke of Fortification, and Sluces, makes mention of some great faults committed in the making of these Beares, because the foundation, which should sustaine and beare up this ponde••ous Work, ought to be exceeding strong, and foundly laid, for otherwise the expence, and the labour which it costs wilbe cast away in vaine. For the preventing whereof, he gives good councill to sinke into the bottome of the moate, piles or Mast trees bound fast together and of one and the same bignes and length, which wil make a strong and a firm foundatiō, wher∣upon afterward you may build your Beare.

It must be made a good deale higher, then the water, when the tides, or the rivers are swolne up to the very bankes, and it must be made so thick, that it may be able to resist the force and violence of the water, and the stones and bricks so laid and plaistred together, that the water cannot eate or soake through it· And because these Beares in moates might serve as a way to straddle over and get into the Towne or Fortresse by, at both ends there is two palissadoes set the one upon the banke, and the other one either side next the Moate, as you may see in the 166. figure before which also is struck into the ground, many other small palissadoes of 4 or 5 foot length before mentioned. But the top of the Beare is made with a sharpe Edge, and in the midst of it a little round turrit to hinder, and keepe backe those that would clime over it: Sometimes there are made two round turrets when it is made over a broad water or moate, the figure 168. will shew you the pouretrature of such a Beare.