The anatomy of humane bodies epitomized wherein all parts of man's body, with their actions and uses, are succinctly described, according to the newest doctrine of the most accurate and learned modern anatomists / by a Fellow of the College of Physicians, London.

CHAP. XXIV.

Of the Nose.

THE organs of Seeing and Hearing being described in the foregoing Chapters, we come now to the instrument of the third Sense, viz. Smelling, which is the Nose.

The parts of the Nose are either external or in∣ternal.* 1.1 The external parts are these, the Skin, Muscles, Veins, Arteries, Nerves, Bones and Cartilages. First, the Skin cleaveth so fast to the [ 1] Muscles and Cartilages, that it cannot be severed without renting. Secondly, as for the Muscles, [ 2] they are set down in the description of the Mus∣cles Book 5. Thirdly, the Veins come from the [ 3] external Jugulars, as the Arteries from the Caro∣tides. Fourthly, the Nerves come from the third [ 4] pair, on each side one. Fifthly, the Bones of the [ 5] Nose are set down in Book 6. Chap. 6. Sixthly, [ 6] the Cartilages are in number five; the two upper are broader, and adhere to the lower side of the Bones of the Nose where they are broader and rough, and being joined to one another pass from thence to the tip of the Nose, making up one

half of the Alae; the two under make up the other half; the fifth divideth the Nostrils. These Cartilages are moved by the Muscles.

The inner parts of the Nose are these:* 1.2 First the Membrane which covereth the inside of the Nose, which proceedeth from the Dura mater, and passeth through the holes of the Os cribriforme. This Membrane on its backside hath abundance of little Papillae or Glands; in which the Serum or Rheum is separated that runs out by the Nose. Secondly, the Musculous membrane, which draw∣eth together the Nostrils. Thirdly, the hairs which disperse the air, and hinder the creeping in of Insects. Fourthly, the red fleshy spongious substance, with which the holes of the Os spongio∣sum are filled up; from which the Polypus spring∣eth.

The length of a comely Nose is the third part of the length of the Face.

The upper part of the Nose which is bony, is called Drosum nasi,* 1.3 or the ridge. The lower la∣teral parts, where the Cartilages are, Alae, or Pinnae. The tip of the Nose, Globulus, and Or∣biculus. The fleshy part, that at the bottom of the Septum reaches from the tip of the Nose to the upper Lip, is called Columna. And the two holes that are caused by the partition, Nares the No∣strils. And these about their middle are each divided into two, one of which goes up to the Os cribriforme, to convey scents thither; the o∣ther descends down upon the Palate to the Fauces, by which Rheum falls down either of its own ac∣cord if it be very thin, or by snuffing the air up strongly in at ones Nose, if it be thick, which we may hawk and spit out at pleasure.

The Nose is an external adjuvant organ of Smelling,* 1.4 as the Auricula is of Hearing. For when smells exhale out of odoriferous bodies into the air, by taking our breath in at the Nose, the scents accompanying the air ascend up the No∣strils to the top of their Cavity, viz. to the Os cribriforme, through whose holes the olfactory Nerves (otherwise called Processus mammillares) issue out by their Fibres, and are the inward im∣mediate and adequate organ of Smelling. Other inferiour uses the Nose has also; as first, some∣times to take in our breath by, that we may not keep our Mouth always open for that purpose. Secondly, to help the Speech, which is very much impaired by the loss of it. Thirdly, it serves for the separation and discharge of the superfluous humours in the Bloud. And the like.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Its exter∣nal parts.
• * 1.2

  Its inner parts.
• * 1.3

  The deno∣mination of its parts.
• * 1.4

  Its uses.