The history of four-footed beasts and serpents describing at large their true and lively figure, their several names, conditions, kinds, virtues ... countries of their breed, their love and hatred to mankind, and the wonderful work by Edward Topsell ; whereunto is now added, The theater of insects, or, Lesser living creatures ... by T. Muffet ...

Of Wounds.

WOunds come by means of some stripe or prick, and they are properly called wounds, when some whole part is cut or broken. For a wound according to the Physitians, is defined to be a solution, division, or parting of the whole; for if there be no solution or parting, then me thinks it ought rather to be called a bruise then a wound. And therefore wounds are most commonly made with sharp or piercing weapons, and bruises with blunt weapons. Notwithstanding, if by such blunt weapons, any part of the whole be evidently broken, then it ought to be called a wound as well as the other: Of wounds some be shallow, and some be deep and hollow: Again, some chance in the fleshy parts, and some in the bony and sinewie places: And those that chance in the fleshy parts, though they be very deep, yet they be not so dangerous as the other; and there∣fore we will speak first of the most dangerous: If a Horse have a wound newly made, either in his head, or in any other place that is full of sinews, bones, or gristles: First, Martin would have you to wash the wound well with white Wine well warmed: That done, to search the bottom of the wound with some instrument meet for the purpose, suffering it to take as little winde in the mean while as may be.

Then having found the depth, stop the hole close with a clout, until your salve be ready: Then take of Turpentine, of Mel Rosatum, of Oyl of Roses, of each a quartern, and a little unwrought Wax, and melt them together; and if it be a cut, make a handsome roll of clean picked Tow, so long and so big as may fill the bottom of the wound, which for the most part is not so wide as the mouth of the wound: then make another roll greater than that, to fill up the rest of the wound, even to the hard mouth, and let both these rolls be anointed with the ointment aforesaid luke-warm. But if the hurt be like a hole made with some prick, then make a stiffe tent, such a one as may reach the bottom, anointed with the aforesaid Ointment, and bolster the same with a little Tow; And if the mouth be not wide enough, so as the matter may easily run forth, if it be in

such place you may do it without hurting any stnew, then give it a pretty slit from the mouth down∣ward, that the matter may have the freer passage, and in any wise have a special regard, that the tent may be continually kept in by one means or other, as by binding or staying the seme with the ends of Shoomakers thread as is aforesaid. And if the hole be deep, and in such place as you may not then make your tent of a Spunge, and so long as it may reach to the bottom, and the tent, being made somewhat full, with continual turning and wrying of it, you shall easily get it down, and then dtess the wound with this twice a day, cleansing the wound every time with a little white Wine luke-warm. For this Spunge, anointed with the Ointment aforesaid, will both draw and suck up all the filthy matter, and make it so fair within as is possible: and as it beginneth to heal, so make your tent every day lesser and lesser, until it be ready to close up, and never leave tenting it, so long as it will receive a tent, be it never so short. For hasty healing of wounds breedeth Fistula's, which properly be old wounds, and therefore must be cured like Fistula's.