The history of four-footed beasts and serpents describing at large their true and lively figure, their several names, conditions, kinds, virtues ... countries of their breed, their love and hatred to mankind, and the wonderful work by Edward Topsell ; whereunto is now added, The theater of insects, or, Lesser living creatures ... by T. Muffet ...

CHAP. XXXIII.

Of the signs and cure of Worms out of Gabucinus.

LEt us therefore shew the signs of Worms, beginning from those that are called round Worms; both because these do more frequently vex children, and because they produce more cruel symptomes: of which Paulus writes thus: they that are troubled with round Worms, are cruelly torn in their bellies and guts; and they have a tickling cough that is troublesome, and somewhat tedious, some have a hickop, others when they sleep leap up, and rise without cause; sometimes they cry out when they rise, and then they fall asleep again; their Arteries beat unequally, and they are sick of disorderly Feavers, which with coldness of the outward parts come thrice or four times in a day or a night without any reason for them. Children will eat in their sleep, and put forth their tongues, gnash their teeth, wink with their eyes, they will be very silent, and are angry with those that rowse them up, the balks of their cheeks, in a short time, are sometimes red, sometimes wan-coloured. If the Worms run up to the sto∣mach, they cause nauseating, gnawing, and want of appetite; and if the sick are forced to eat, they scarse can swallow it, and if they swallow it down, they vomit it up again, they void many corruptions of meat by their bellies, and they are swoln like a drum, the rest of the body growes unreasonable lean, not by reason of hunger, nor immoderate evacuations. These things happen when these creatures creep and gnaw in the belly. A feaverish heat sends up ill vapours to the

brain, that arise from putrid moisture collected in the stomach. So writes Paulus. But Aetius out of Herodotus writes thus: Those that are troubled with Worms have a most cruel pain of their stomach and bellies, and they have a little frequent tickling cough, and yet they spit up nothing: i•• their sleep they shiver, and rise preternaturally; some again put out their tongues and shut their eyes, and are silent, and cannot endure to be rowsed, and cannot watch for weakness: some have their eyes bloudshed, their pulses unequal, obscure, deficient, and recurrent: some want an appetite, children whilest they sleep, bite their tongues, and move their mouthes as if they sucked, or eat meat. But these things are done for a short time, and by circuits. More∣over some children besides reason, rise with crying, and presently fall down again: some crash their teeth, which it seems happens when the Worms suck, and gnaw their bellies and guts. And now it appears that some are come up into the stomach, and cause loathing, and bitings: oft-times also by themselves they are cast upward, but sometimes with some flegmatick humour. Some Infants neglected lose their motion, and are benummed, and like those that are in a swound, they sweat a cold thin humour, and most commonly they are wan-coloured: sometimes the face will be red, especially about the cheeks, but this colour again is changed into more than ordinary paleness. Others again like dotards speak strange words in their sleep, others change their places they 〈…〉〈…〉y on, still sleeping, and they are vexed, and turn from place to place: but ve∣ry few of those do cry, for most of them are void of reason, and are silent. Also they that are vexed with round Worms, loath their meat, and if they eat any thing, they cast it up again, or ••oath it so much they can hardly swallow it: for they fall into Feavers with vehement cold in the outward parts: some have their bellies swoln like a drum. So saith Aetius. But these are the marks he reckons from Hippocrates opinion: Worms in the belly are discovered by these marks: If they be sleepy, and the disease will not let them, and their outward parts be cold, and there be gnawing at their hearts, the urine troubled, and the tongue full of moisture; also they that have Worms in their stomach, are full of spittle; and if any little Worm comes forth they spit no more: therefore all those that have Worms in the mouth of their stomach, do commonly cast them up all by vomit, but those that have belly Worms, void them by siege. But they all nauseate, and vomit up what they take in. They are like to those that are pricked, that have contractions all over their bodies, and move suddenly and confusedly, and they have torments and pains of their guts. Vapours carried to the head cause Vertigoes. Moreover the manner of diet that the party used will shew the generation of Worms, and all the rest. These are the signs of round Worms; but all these signs must not be sought for in every one, as Paulus saith; but some and the principal of them. I might joyn here many things out of our new writers, unless what they say, and more also were not to be found in Avicenna, whence they borrowed it.

Paulus gives us these notes of broad Worms: sometimes they abound in those that have Fea∣vers, and sometimes in those that have none. In Chronical diseases they breed, gnawing the * 1.1 stomach, and causing a greedy appetite. They eat the meat so fast, that we need more, and if it be not present, they bite shrewdly; the body growes lean and weak, and unequal. But the most certain sign is, that some bodies like Gourd-seeds come forth with our excrements: so saith Paulus, and Aetius doth not differ from him, but that he saith, that they gnaw the stomach continually, and cause an insatiable appetite, and that the meats eaten soon turn to excrements. They that are affected grow weak of body and sluggish, and are alwaies hungry, for what is living in the guts, when it hath consumed the meat, feeds on the body; but this sign will not fail us, if some things like Gourd-seeds be voided by stool. The signs Hippocrates gives are these: He writes after this fashion: There is another kinde of this, that comes forth like the white shavings of the guts; which hath these marks: The party voids seed like Cucumer-seed, and when he is fasting he is vexed, and spits much, his liver being affected, sometimes not; and sometimes when this vehemently affects his liver, it stops his speech, and he spits much, and after that it stops: and sometimes there is great pains in the guts, sometimes the shoulders ake, and then it stops again. Sometimes these are the signs of the broad Worms. He that is affected with this Worm, is al∣most alwaies in health, but when he growes weak, he can hardly endure it, or be recovered. For this broad Worm takes some part of those things that go down into the stomach, and if care be taken it may be cured, but if not, the Worm will not come forth it self, nor doth it kill a man, but growes old with him, &c. Ascarides are alwaies about the bottome of the belly as we said, and there they cause a great itching almost continually, as Paulus and Aetius have written; and * 1.2 sometimes, as it is reported, they will make one faint. For that is shewed by their name. For they moving alwaies do continually exercise a man and tire him out. They that are troubled with these, feel alwaies a heaviness about their Praecordia and backs. The signs of these are chiefly taken from the filthy smelling of the excrements. They that have Worms their eyes at first shine, their cheeks are wan, in the night they have cold sweats, their mouth is pale, they start in their sleep, in the day they are more feaverish, their tongues and are dry lips, their breath commonly stinks, their face is pale, they nauseate and vomit often, they loath meat, they crash their teeth, especi∣ally in the night, they put forth their tongues (and they seem to eat) they are angry with those that awake them, they speak strange words, sometimes they are in a lethargy, and pick straws, and their heads ake, they cry out in their sleep, as the disease increaseth, their hearts beat exceeding∣ly, their voice is interrupted, their arteries beat weakly, sometimes in the height of their pain, they are extended, and their mouth fomes as in the Epilepsie, their belly is swoln like a Tympany;

Sometimes the pains abate, and again there follow torments, and Colique pains, with a henterie flux of the belly, sometimes they are costive, and the excrements are hard. These are the signs of Worms, now follow the Prognosticks. The Prognosticks are very necessary in all diseases to know * 1.3 what will be the event, and to know the condition of the patient serves much for the cure, as Hippocrates, especially in his Prognosticks, hath abundantly shewed; who in the beginning of his book de prudent. Medico, hath delivered it: Especially foretelling here before the patient, things present, past, and to come, and what the sick have neglected, he is thought to understand the con∣dition of the patient; and hence it is that men wil better dare to trust the Physitian. But because it is difficult to foresee all this, unlesse we use some artificial conjecture (I call that an artificial con∣jecture, that comes very neer the truth) and who can easily attain this, unlesse he have learned the things that belong to the art, and remember them, and hath with all diligence exercised himself in the practice of it? The things wil be thus known. If a man suppose that there is any vital vertue, he must know the disposition of the patient in strength and weaknesse; and when he is perfect in these, he must study further to know all differences of diseases in the greatnesse and manner of them, and then to learn the foreknowledge of the future state. And when he hath learned all these, then he must exercise himself both in comprehending the magnitude of the disease by exact conjecture, and the ••orce of the patient, and how long they may last. Now practise wil help him much in this; and before he hath diligently learned all these, it wil no whit profit him to see sick people: wherefore they that professe physick, proceeding in this method, shal never undergo any disgrace, neither in curing, nor foretelling of future events, which they report some famous Paysitians have fallen into. Hence it may be collected why some Physitians are more fortunate then others, and what a fraud that is, to call a Physitian more fortunate then another; how absurd that is, Galen and Erasistratus have shewed; saying, that a Physitian must be exercised in all these things in his minde, and he must be diligent, and prudent by nature, that comparing all together, he may get a grosse summe of praedictions, that shal be useful for himself and for his patient. For such is the force of praediction, that alwayes for the most part, what the Physitian foresces wil come to passe, where the Physitian is perfect, and the sick doth not negiect his orders. But because, as it is evident, a Physician by praedictions may get immortality almost, so chiefly from those things that do belong to this affect, he shal win glory to himself, by telling the sick their condition, who for the most part are children, or ignorant what their disease is. Since therefore Prognosticks are chiefly neces∣sary for this disease, I wil not fail to set down what the Ancients have written of this disease. Pau∣lus a great follower of Galen, writes of these things to this purpose. Worms bred at the beginning of Feavers, have their subsistence from the corruption in the body, about the state of the disease, from the malignity of the disease, about the declining, they grow better. For Hippocrates saith, it is good that round Worms come forth, when the disease comes to a Crisis. But Aetius writes thus from the opinion of Herodotus a Physician. Worms breed in Feavers, and without, that differ one from the other in multitude, magnitude, colour, and time. For Worms bred at the beginning of a disease, have their being from the corruption that is in the body, about the vigour of it, from the malignity of the disease, about the declination, from the change to better, and they are soon also voided forth, Nature driving them to the outward parts, as she doth the rest of the excrements. But the greater ones are worse then the lesser, many than few, red than white, living than dead. Our new writers adde to these; if round Worms are cast forth alive at the beginning of acute diseases, they shew pestilent diseases, but if dead ones be cast forth when the diseases decline, they are an ill sign also, however they appear both these times, it is bad. It may be because that Feaver that follows Worms is alwayes naught, because it consumes the matter for Worms. It happens also that the Worms are set on fire and grow hot by reason of a Feaver, and so are wreathed toge∣ther, and moved, that they so much the more affect and trouble those that have these Worms. They adde further, that it is proved by experience, that Worms are in the belly, if in the morning you sprinkle cold water on the mouth of childrens stomachs, for they will all gather to one place. Worms sprinkled with bloud, so voided is ill, for they shew great hurt of the guts, to cast Worms up by vomit is naught, for it shews the stomach to be stuffed with filthy humours. Frequent cold breathing of children, their bodies yet swelling, is deadly, for it shews they will die the next day. If the eyes of the sick are somewhat held together, and cannot be closed by the fingers of those that stand by, death is at hand. Some there are, it may be following the opinion of Alsaravius, that say that those who are troubled with Ascarides, are but short-lived. But there is a great question to be resolved, and that being done, I shal put an end to those things that concern the Prognosticks taken from Worms. Aetius a little before said that live Worms were worse than dead ones. But Rhasis and Avicenna that follows him▪ think the contrary, absolutely preferring the dead ones before the living. In which question, to passe over other men, I shal say what I think, that the strongest affection is taken from those that are dead, because they must needs be driven forth, and cannot come forth of their own accord; yet I follow Hippocrates, who in a certain place useth some words that are difficult, wherein he would have us to consider diligently what symptoms VVorms breed, for if they come forth without any symptoms they foreshew a good sign. But he makes it clearer elsewhere thus. It is necessary that round Worms should come forth with the excrements, when the disease comes to the Crisis. So that by this we may understand, that if they be voided any other time, it is done rather symptomatically than by force of nature, and therefore they shew corruption or malignity, as Paulus and Aetius distinguished.

But because we can never rightly undertake the methodicall way of curing Worms, unlesse the belly in which they are be well disposed, nor can this be, unlesse the whole body be so, and this is * 1.4 excellent well performed by good diet; wherefore that in the first place must be well ordered, for without that all helps are in vain, for the preserving and repairing our health. For this is so fa∣mous, and almost the best part of Physick, that that admirable Cous, Celsus, Galen, Pliny, and al∣most all the old Physicians, could never give it commendations enough. Asclepias formerly esteem∣ed it so much, that he almost took away the method of curing by Physick, and wholly turned all curing upon diet. Now this consists not only in the quantity and quality of meats and drinks, but also in all those things that befall us whether we will or no, as in sleeping and waking, motion and rest, as also in the repletion and emptinesse of the whole body and of every part, and in the affects of the minde, but chiefly in the Air that is about us, which not only sticks fast to us out∣wardly, but continually enters into the inmost parts of our body by the drawing in of our breath. As for what concerns those things that we take, because they are such things that every man knows, I shall say nothing of them. For there is no man ignorant, that divers meats, and of ill and naughty juice, and disorderly taken, will breed crudities, and that gluttony and drunkenness do our bodies great hurt, yet many kinde of meats, that are hurtfull in other diseases, are profi∣table in these. Wherefore we shall as it were besides our purpose, and by the way touch upon these, first adding what Paulus writes. Let the meats of those that have Worms be of good juice, that may easily be dispersed, and passe to the parts, and neither foster the cause, nor weaken our forces.

Wherefore we grant them wine mingled with water, and let them eat often both for their need, and that the Worms may not gnaw them. If there be a scowring of the belly, it is a sign that many are bred, the meat being not dispersed; and in that case Pears or Quinces must be mingled with our broths; Wheaten bread is a wonderfull help, having Anniseed mingled with it, or Fennel or Salt; or bread that is between Bran and Wheat, called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, because there are joyned together in it, the Bran, the Hulls, and the Flour. Men call also this bread 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, because all the Wheat, without taking any thing from it, is made into bread. Also the wheat it self that the meal is taken from must be the best, for some of these have much Bran, which is the courser wheat, but the finer wheat is the best. But wine that is mingled with water, because it gently bindes, is held to be very convenient. Mountain birds are fit for their meat, and young wood Pigeons, green Groundsel, and Goats-beard, the broth of black Chiches, and Coleworts, and Capers, and pickled Olives eaten; and if there be no Feaver, let them eat their other meats with Mustard, also sowr and oyly things are commended. Also Panick (which Diocles called the honey of Corn) is most durable, if so be it may be reckoned amongst Corn. Also Spelt in the decoction of Myxie, and a Ptisane with a great quantity of Oyl of unripe Olives, besides these, Lupines, Cresses, Betes, Mints, Smallage, Radish, and sawce eaten are good. Give children before all meat, a decoction of Sebestens with Mints. Milk is very hurtful, as also Fish, and Pulse, and whatsoever is of a cold grosse substance, and hard to be digested. Bread unleavened breeds Worms, for it is good for no man, and so are all moyst meats, that easily turn to corruption within.

For all kinde of Worms it is most convenient to use abstinence from such things as breed them: And when they are bred, it is good to eat often, a little at a time; and that is best, when they leave off gnawing. But those that have Ascarides must eat meats of good juice, and of easie di∣gestion, that the force of them may not reach so farre as the right gut. For the matter fit to breed them is so consumed. Thus far for meats and drinks to be taken. But the other five kindes that are not so manifest, shal be handled by us also with all brevity. And we shal begin from sleep. It must not be too little nor too much, and in the night rather than in the day, at least two hours after meat. Moreover, to be long idle is naught, let exercise precede meats, and rest after meats. Nor is every motion to be taken for exercise, but that which makes us breath more; unlesse it be when we have taken Physick against Worms; for then we must ride or run, to shake our bodies; for they are more easily cast forth by hard exercise or labour: but children will hardly observe these rules. Care also must be had, that the belly may twice be unburdened, and if that will not do of it self, we must use a Suppository or Clyster to provoke it, made of such ingredients that are fit for this purpose. All affections of the minde whatever they be, must be set aside, as quar∣relling, anger, sorrow, great cares, and thoughts, sadnesse, fears, envy, and all such kinde of pertur∣bations, and chiefly after meat. For these change and turn the body from its natural state. Let men beware of cold North windes, and let them not go barefoot. The air because it alwayes is about us, cannot be chosen at our pleasure: for it is sometimes a defence for us, and sometimes the cause that makes Worms, or fosters them: It wil be a defence if it be very hot, and dry, pure, clear, and calm; and it wil chiefly foster the disease, when it is very cosd, or moyst, or moved by the North or South winde, or by too great heat, dissolves our forces, and then by art it must be thus prepared: To burn in our Chambers wood of Juniper tree or of Citrons, or Peach-trees, and such wood as is against Worms. Also to perfume the place with tops of Worm-wood, Peach-tree leaves, Citron pills, roots of Pomegranate-trees, also with Fern, and Ivy. But that is the best that is made with Myrrhe, and Aloes. Another remedy that succours the fainting spirits, by reason of Worms. Amber-greece two penny-weight, Musk one peny weight, Gum Arabick, four peny-weight, Roses, Sanders, Cloves, Privet, Frankincense, of each one peny-weight, Gallia Moschata so called, six peny-weight, Lignum Aloes burnt to a cole twenty peny-weight, the quenched coles of Vine-branches, what is sufficient, make them up with Rose Vinegar.

Worms are oft-times exasperated with vehement remedies, that they bring children to Con∣vulsions, * 1.5 swoundings, and death; wherefore they are not rashly to be given, and at all adventures. But because that remedies by reason of their different qualities are thought to be good to kill and bring forth Worms, therefore in general, such remedies as heat, drie, cut, and are sharp, bitter, salt, or sowr, and attenuating, are to be used. For either they kill the Worms by their sharpnesse, or bring them forth by their bitternesse, or they allure them to come forth, or else they are known to be good to bring them forth by the loosenesse that followes. They are brought forth 'tis likely at once, by such supping means as make the passages slippery, or by some effectual quality, that is namelesse. There are some cool remedies that effectually drive forth Worms, and some by a hidden quality, as shavings of Harts-horn. But those things are best that kill the Worms, for so long as they are alive they are an occasion of mischief. And they are hardly driven forth when they are killed, wherefore they must be drawn forth by Clysters; otherwise they send a filthy virulent va∣pour to the brain, and likewise inflame the body, and hurt the appetite and concoction. But be∣cause Worms happen most to children, who are hard to be dealt withall, I thought it not fit to conceal that wonderful way that Paulus mentions, whereby Aloes, and certain broths are given to them by way of suppings. A certain Cooks Instrument or spoon that is called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, is put in∣to their mouths as they lie▪ upon their backs, and by a ••little Clyster with a strong Pipe, Aloes is forced down their throats, holding their mouths wide open as far as it is possible. Pollux makes mention of this, but doth not tell us what it is. But whatsoever Zomerysis is, we understand two things by it, that it is made descending, that thereby the bitternesse of the Aloes is not tasted. But by that other Instrument that Paulus calls Clysteridion, it is forced in by violence. But force and nature concurring, the motion is most swift, the heavy matter running downwards, and is violently driven in by it. Paulus also describes another Instrument, whereby moyst things are in∣jected into the fundament, it hath many holes quite through it, and these from the matrix are called Metrenchitae: But Aetius speaks clearer thus. To which purpose you must provide a horn Pipe that is full of holes through it, large at the bottome, and convenient for the largenesse of the place, which being thrust in beyond the Sphincter of the Anus, we fill with juice of Cedar, so that the liquor may flie forth every way. But forasmuch as these Instruments are unknown to us, when remedies are given either to kill or drive forth Worms, stop the childes nostrils, and then wash its mouth with some sweet or sharp thing, and when he hath drank down the medicament to kill the Worms, his stomach must be fomented with Acacia or Hypocistis with wine. Those things that kill Worms are best given in sweet milk or honey or Oxymel, or syrup called Acetosus. Some first satisfie the children first with three dayes drinking of them, and then they give the physick afterwards. Also they give Clysters of the same sweet things, that they may entice those Creatures to the lower parts. If the belly scowre, it is of necessity that the Worms must be killed at last, for the motion of the belly will cast them forth. But when the appetite is hurt, and the belly loose, the Worms must be killed with bitter things only, that are somewhat astringent, as with Wormwood amongst hot things, or Southernwood and Worm-seed: Or amongst cold things, with Pomegranate pills, Acacia, juice of Plantain, Purslane and such like.

Of hot things the seed of Cresses drives forth all belly-worms, bruised and drank in wine or Vi∣negar, * 1.6 yet more effectually if wilde Mints be added, yet it troubles the belly. The meal of Lu∣pins licked with honey or drank in Posca, and outwardly applyed to the navel with Bulls gall, drives them forth. The same also being infused and eaten with their bitternesse, wil do the like. Also their decoction can do as much, being drank with Rue and Pepper. Sea Worm-wood boyl∣ed by it self, or with Rice, adding Honey to it, kils Worms in the guts, and it wil do it better with Worm-wood. Southernwood doth the same by its bitternesse; Cardamomum kils them. Also the decoction of Hysop drank, or the herb it self licked up with Honey. So Calaminth kills Ascarides, and other VVorms, if it be drank with salt and honey, or if it be eaten raw or boyled, or the juice of it given in a Clyster, or drank. Also the decoction of Thyme, or Rue boyled and drank with Oyl forceth them out. Also wine of Cedar, and the liquor of Cedar it self. Unripe oyl of Olives, if it be drank plentifully, for it is pressed out unripe for children. Juice of Oenanth hath the same operation, as oyl of unripe Olives. But the best thing against VVorms are sweet Apples called St. Johns Apples, for they loosen the belly, and drive out the VVorms; which by what fa∣culty they can do it, (being they are sweet, and of a honey taste, from whence they borrow their name, and since so they should rather feed VVorms) is perhaps, because by this meat the belly is made loose, and the VVorms follow; and the VVorms that otherwise would stay within, by the force of the excrements, as Fishes in a torrent are carried away, when in Summer great rains fall, and so are they carried downward. For Dioscorides lib. 1. cap. de Melimela, saith that those Apples make the belly soluble: Also the seed of Coleworts, especially that which growes in Egypt, drank, drives forth VVorms, namely, because the temper of it is drier, and more wilde. The same is done by Oyl of Falma Christi drank. Myrrhe also by its bitternesse both kills and drives them forth. The decoction of Elecampane, Squils taken with Vinegar and Honey, but the Squils must be first rosted, or otherwise it is held▪ to be most pernicious to the entrails. Also they use to give against all VVorms the decoction of the root of Capers in honey and vinegar. And Dioscorides lib. 4. cap. 1. writes, that the herb called small Turn-foil, drank with the seed, adding thereto Nitre, Hysop, Cresses, and water, wil force out all sorts of VVorms, long and flat. But Paulus, unless there be an error in the Press, reckons Cardamomum for Cresses, lib▪ 7. c. 1. Rocket-seed in wine, wil drive out all living Crea∣tures

bred in the body. Also seven or five Earth-worms drank with sweet wine, wil drive out all kinde of VVorms: Bitter Almonds and the Oyl is good. Agarick with Honey, but it purgeth with trouble; for it is hurtful to the stomach, by making it slippery and loose. Storax swallowed with Rosin of Turpentine: Aloes drank in cold water or milk, the same drank in a decoction min∣gled with Honey, brings them forth without trouble. The seed of Tithymal or the juice of it about five drops mingled with Figs or Dates. The leaves▪ of Agnus Castus, Polypode, Chame∣pythe, Centaury the lesse, bruised and drank with Vinegar. Also one peny weight of the root of the same drank in three Cyathi of wine, doth help. Horehound with Wormwood and Lupins, boyled in water and Honey, of each alike, and with wine applyed twice or thrice, kills all Worms in the belly: Costus by its bitternesse, with water kills all Worms. But Dioscorides lib. 1. writes that it drives out only broad VVorms, with water and honey; which place Marcellus interpreting, blots out that word [and honey] as put in amisse, for this reason, because it is contrary, and seems not to agree with the cure for VVorms. For saith he, they are raised and nourished by sweet things, and belly VVorms are not driven forth by them, unlesse perhaps Honey must be therefore added, that they being deceived by the sweetnesse of it, they may take in the bitter Costus in greater quan∣tity, as we use to do in curing children, when we give them bitter or strong potions, we cover them with some sweet savour, or pleasant smell. In which businesse he•• seems to seek a knot in a Bull-rush (as we read in the Comedy) and yet he confesseth it to be otherwise. For whether the word Honey be read in Dioscorides or not (for I am not yet certain of it, nor hath Ruellius set it down) it is sufficient that bitter Medicaments, (such as Costus are, and such like) were given alwayes almost by Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen, and others, for to cure Worms, with sweet things, and chiefly with Honey, or Mede, or Oxymel, for the same reason that Marcellus mentioneth, lib. 4. cap. 57. which Paulus added in these words. Because some men oft times refuse bitter potions, as having an ill taste, of these thing herein comprehended, they shal not give any that are manifestly bitter, but mingled with some sweet thing, as he said a little before, that all these medicaments must be mingled with Honey or Oxymel, and so given to drink: Oras Lucretius saith, that the improvi∣dent Age of young people may be deceived, or else may be able to take it, being enticed by such a taste. For children most commonly are subject to Worms. Therefore nothing hinders but that the word Honey should be added, as Marcellus himself testifies, if we read him in some old Copies. Likewise a Cantharis bruised, and drank with a Briony root, drives forth Worms, as Galen writes, * 1.7 lib. de comp••s. Theriaces. Of cold things, the juice of Mouse-ear, with Ale, of each one Cyathus. Groundsel eaten, the juice of Plantain, especially when the belly is loose, given one spoonful or a small measure to drink, and the herb it self bruised, laid to the navel. Coriander seeds with the juice of Pomegranates and Oyl destroy the Worms in the guts, or drank with sweet wine. Hot things, as boyled Beets, taken with raw Garlick, by the Nitrous quality it hath, brings them forth, but the juice is hurtfull. A Pomegranate bruised, and boyled in three Heminae of wine to one He∣mina, drives forth Worms, takes away the pain, and the juice o〈…〉〈…〉 the root one dram and half weight, will kill them. Sumach of Syria will do the same, and the seed of Orache. Our new writers adde, that it is manifest by experience, that the sharpest Vinegar drank when we go to bed will drive out the Worms. But amongst those things that prevail much is Corallina, so called, which being powred or mingled with Honey or Oxymel, or drank with Honey-wine, doth wonderfully kill Worms, or drive them out half dead. This took its name from the likenesse of Corall, since both of them grow in the water, and for sixty years almost it hath been used to good purpose to drive forth Worms; if I be not mistaken, this is that which Dioscorides lib. 4 and Galen call 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, that is, Sea-mosse; and if that they did not attribute to it the same force we do to drive forth Worms, as we see in Corallina, as they call it, I shal not therefore think that it is any thing else, besides Dioscorides and Galens 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: For the Antients did not know the vertues of all Simples, for the true nature of each cannot be found out by any other way than by its effects in physick. A mighty work and secret from God, than which there can be no greater found out. Also many things are found now adayes that were not found out in our forefathers dayes; and no wonder, since these experiments are made by Countrey-men, and such as are ignorant of learning, who commonly live only where they grow, besides the negligence of seeking, when there are so many Physicians at hand every where. Also many things are found out that want nam••s: To this we may adde the uncertain way of finding out; for in things that are found, some were found by chance, saith Pliny, lib. 25. cap. 2. others were revealed by God. But the foulest cause of this rarity is, that they who know things will not discover them, as if they should quite lose what they acquaint others with. They are as envious indeed as those are who either suppresse the monuments of Antiquity, or else utterly demolish them; which they for that end, that what is written by the Ancients may be attributed to themselves, or if they have delivered any famous matter, they that write other mens opinions will let that be lost. But if there be any that will contend, and say it cannot be that they should be ignorant that Sea-mosse was good to drive forth Worms, to those I answer, that the Ancients did not commit to writing all the natures of Simples that they knew. For we know many of the precepts of Pythagoras and Socrates; which yet cannot be known out of their Books, because they wrote none. And Plato though he left so many Books in writing, yet besides those he wrote, his followers take many things for his that he never put in writing. Nor hath that 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 growing in every place, as they report, the same faculty, but the Apothecaries in some cer∣tain places of Italy fish for it, and they sell it under the name of Corallina. But let this suffice.

This is rather to be enquired into, why, being that Corallina tasts salt, Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen, and others report it to have a cooling faculty, when as it is known that all ••alt things are hot, and earthly, not unlike to bitter things that are hot? Whether it be, because the sea-water is salt, yet hath in it a great deal of potable water (as Aristotle hath sufficiently demonstrated it) and therefore by that it is the less hot? Or else because it contains in it much earth, and so it is drier and thicker? But such things as grow in the sea, must needs be of the same faculty with it. Because therefore that Sea-mosse growes in the sea, Dioscorides and others attribute to it a thickning quality, but as it contains in it much water fit to drink; and as it is of an earthly quality, by that it cools. Lastly all that are troubled with Worms, are helped with the smell of the hair of Ichneumon (they call it an Indian rat) as Paulus writes.

The juyce of Housleek drank in Wine, will drive out of the belly round Worms: Worm-wood Wine drank doth the same. The herb of great Turnfoil drank with its seed, adding there∣unto * 1.8 Nitre, Hysop, Cresses, and water, will cast them forth. The root of female Fern, 3 drams drank in Wine, will force out the round and broad Worms of the belly, as Ruellius and Marcellus, who interpreted Dioscorides, do both assert. But Galen saith that it kils not round Worms, but Ascarides and broad Worms, for so he writes, lib. Therapeut. method. cap. 14. But Wormwood can destroy round Worms broad Worms require more strong helps, as Fern is, and so doth that Worm the Greeks call 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Theophrastus was of this opinion, who writes that female Fern mingled with Honey is good against broad Worms of the belly, if it be min∣gled with Honey; and for Ascarides, in sweet Wine. For so he sets it down: Female Fern is good against broad Worms and small ones: against broad ones mingled with Honey, but against small ones in sweet Wine. It is certain that Ascarides both are, and are called small Worms. More∣over, Galen lib de simpl. Medic. facult. 8. ascribes the same vertue to the female Fern, that the male hath. Now Pliny writes that the female will kill only broad Worms and not round. Pli〈…〉〈…〉. lib. hist. 27. c. 9. And again, that both, (that is, both male and female) will drive forth Worms of the belly, broad Worms with Honey, the rest with sweet Wine drank for three daies, and he excludes neither round Worms nor Ascarides. But Galen in one place excludes both round Worms and Ascarides; and in another place he writes that it will de∣stroy Ascarides with broad Worms. What now shall we say, where Authors are of so many different opinions? shall we say that female Fern will kill all Worms in the belly? For Ga∣len ascribes the same virtue to it he doth to the male, but that especially it kils broad Worms, and in the next place Ascarides, which being at the bottome of the belly, require a stronger remedy, as Fern is, that the force of it may come so far. But since it can drive forth broad Worms and Ascarides, that are more seldome, and the one is in the guts, the other farthest from the stomach, it will far sooner destroy round Worms that lie in the upper guts. Galen therefore will not fight with himself in this, for it sufficeth if it will kill broad VVorms, and if it can destroy them, it can more easily destroy Ascarides, and easiest of all round VVorms. But Pliny, as who best of all knew that, saith it will drive out the rest also, (that is, both round VVorms and Ascarides). But that he saith so is manifest out of Paulus, lib. c. 58. who in his method of curing round and broad VVorms, mentions Fern: which yet all men agree is most properly used to drive forth broad VVorms. Avicenn. 16 Tertii tract. 5. c. 4. shewes this most clearly in these words: The medicins that kill Ascarides are stronger than those that kill long Worms; and those things that kill long Worms and Ascarides will also kill broad Worms. Gith or Nigella not only eaten but laid in a plaister to the belly, or anointed on the navil with water, brings them forth. In which place we must note Marcellus, who saith it will drive forth broad VVorms and not round: but Ruellius interprets this by the contrary. I•• Marcellus have done right, I leave other men to judge, this is certain that Galen is of Ruellius minde, who hath writ∣ten only that it will kill VVorms; and as I said before, it is taken generally for round VVorms. Paulus and Aetius, agree with Ruellius, who in their curative method for round VVorms, often speak of Gith, but never for broad VVorms. Wormwood called Santonicum, of it self or boyled with Rice, adding Honey to it, will kill Worms. The seeds of Nettles bruised, or of Coleworts or Cummin, with water, or Mints with it, or Hysop with Honey and water or Cresses∣seed bruised with Vinegar, kils them. Celsus l. 4. c. 17. Oribasius lib. ad Enn••pium filium, hath written that Calamint, Cardamom, Lupins, and the powder of them in drink, or with Honey by way of Electuary, or given in Posca to drink, are sufficient to kill round Worms. Also the leaves and buds of the Peach-tree bruised, and laid upon the belly can do as much; also Mints in drink and Sorrel. Purslain boyl'd, the juyce of Succory, or the decoction of Sebestens, or the Sebestens themselves boyl'd and eaten are very good. Also the ashes of burnt Harts-horn is thought very effectual for this use, especially of that which growes on the right side of the Stags head. It is burnt thus: Break the Harts-horn, and put it into a new earthen Crucible, and lute it well, put it into the furnace and let it burn till it be white. Scribonius Largus, c. 141. gives it thus: Harts-horn, saith he, raspt with a workmans rasp, with water of Sebestens boyled, give 4 or 5 spoonfuls of it, which were soked the day before in 3 cyathi, then bruise and give it, adding the water to it. An Oxe shank burnt, and drank with Milk, drives out round Worms, saith Galen. Costus with water drives forth broad Worms of the belly. Galen de com. Ther. ad Pis. Cardamom, Garlick eaten. The leaves of female Fern taken with Ho∣ney in a Lohock. But the root of the male 3 drams with Honey-water drank, will drive

them forth, but better, if it be given with so many oboli of Scammony, or black Hellebore, Al∣so the root of white Chamaeleon, drank a sawcer full, for which use it is drank with sharp Wine and the decoction of Origanum. Walnuts eaten largely, the pill of the Mulberry-root boyled in water and drank; besides that it loosneth the belly, it will force out broad Worms; also the decoction of Pomgranate roots drives them out and kils them. The decoction of Pom∣granate pils can do as much. The root of wilde Bugloss a sawcer sull, with Hysop and Carda∣mom drank, doth the like. Ruellius the Interpreter of Dioscorides, seems to have followed Pau∣lus, who say that with Hysop and Cardamom: but Marcellus▪ saith, with Hysop and Cresses drank, it will drive forth broad Worms, what was said before of Turnsoil. Marcellus seems here to follow Galen lib. 6. de simp. fac. who writes that a sawcer full of it is good drank with Hysop and Cresses. But the juyce of Cedar kils Ascarides, and so doth Calamint, the juyce of it being drank or given in a Clyster. The decoction of Wormwood, mingled with oyl and given Clyster-wise, and the decoction of the lesser Centory given with Salt-peter and Honey, hath the same force, or the decoction of the wilde Gourd, of wilde Saffron, if the right inte∣stine were first emptied with sharp pickle. The root of female Fern drank for three daies in 3 drams of Wine, drives forth Ascarides. Also old Hogs grease put into the Anus, is excellent good.

Both Paulus and Aetius testifie that Feavers commonly accompany round Worms, and we found▪ it true by daily experience. When therefore there is a Feaver, sometimes we must take * 1.9 care to curc the Feaver and the Worms, and sometimes taking little care for the Feaver, we must strive to drive the Worms out of the belly. For many that have neglected them have died torn and eaten up by them, and some say they have seen them come forth at the groins. But we must first kill them all, and then drive them forth; they are killed chiefly with bitter things. When therefore the cure is common both to the Feaver and the Worms, the more simple reme∣dies are convenient, and where the disease is uncertain we must use things that are more milde. For the Feaver is exasperated with strong remedies if we should be mistaken; but when we are certain how the matter is, we must wait for the times of the disease. For about the first daies, and the rather if they should appear then, we must use stronger remedies. But those that ap∣pear when the disease declines, are more easily cured, and the better if there be no inflammations or tensions of the bowels. As Hippocrates saith well, lib. Aph. 1. cap. 24. In acute disease but sel∣dome, and that at the beginning we must use purging Medicaments; and this must be done with premeditation, for these swell most, and are agitated as 'tis often seen, and therefore about the beginning of those diseases, we may use sharper means with profit, but there must be much cau∣tion, and premeditation used therein. First examining whether the patient can endure such re∣medies, and be prepared rightly for them, and whether we may expect a right Crisis by giving them. For there is no small danger in an acute disease, as the sickness of Worms is, to use sharp remedies, because all such meaus are potentially hot. Therefore they that suffer inflamations and extensions, must have Cataplasms of Linseed, with the like quantity of meal of Lupins min∣gled, or else moist fomentations of oyl of Camomil, Wine, tops of Wormwood, and Aloes laid to their Praecordia; but where moderate Feavers molest, give children before all meats, the de∣coction of Myxato-drink, or give them the Sebestens themselves to eat with Mints. For these things wonderfully help those are troubled with Worms, either because, saith Serapion, they stick by reason of their sweetness to them, or else these are so glutinous, that they cannot be parted from them, and so must come forth with them. For Myxa are very clammy, that in Syria the best birdlime is made of them called Damask-birdlime: wherefore because by their clamminess they bring forth Worms, if they trouble the stomach, they must be given by the mouth; but if they be in the belly and guts, by clyster: but to such as are come to ripe years, stronger remedies may be given, as the decoction of Wormwood or Southernwood, or the force of the root of the sowr Pomgranat boyled to thirds, also three scruples of washt Aloes is given, which is the most commendable remedy for those that are strong: also we use unwasht Aloes, and both, if they be feaverish, and but three moneths old. Earth-worms with boyled sweet Wine may be given confidently; but if they will not drink sweet wine, give them with water and honey, or as you think fit, fearing nothing, not despising the meanness of it, give 5 or 7. But if it be not a naked suspicion, but a certain knowledge that there be Worms, and that a proper cure belongs to them, then you must lay on Cataplasms with Lupins meal boyled in sweet Wine, to which also sometime a root of Briony must be added. In the mean time anoint the navil well with Buls gall, or Gith bruised with womans Milk, or with Wormwood, or Southernwood, or Briony mixed with fat old Figs: anoint all the Spina dorsi with Deer-suet, and cover the upper belly with a Cerate made of Wormwood and Cypress oyl. Moreover a Suppositar must be put up where the belly is bound, especially for children, and if it profit not, then give a Clyster, the vigour of the disease abating, made of the decoction of Wormwood, or Southernwood, or Cen∣taury, with Honey and Nitre. And we shall endevour to draw them out by suppings, that make the passages slippery, such are oyl of unripe Olives, supping up by little and little two spoonfuls of it, for as it is bitter it kils Worms, and as it is glib it drawes them forth with the dung. But we must alwaies increase the potions of oyl for they are very commodious. The Worms come forth, some yet alive, but they are giddy, and as we may say half killed, and many come out dead with the excrements. Moreover Worms will breed when there is a scowring of the belly, we must

cure them by stopping the flux, and by bettering the concoction with meats and Cataplasms. For the more the flux growes, the more the Worms breed; and when the flux ceaseth, the Worms do the like: wherefore we must diligently endevour that the belly may be stopt and strengthned; we must therefore add to such Cataplasms as serve to stop other fluxes, such things as we said to be good against Worms, and that cause no fluxes, such as are Wormwood, Southern-wood, Santonicum; also Pomgranate pils, Acacia, Hypocistis, Balaustia, and the like, with raw Barley-meal. Also Cerats laid on must be made of these. Also suppings must be used amongst all which the juyce of Plantain is best; and the dry Plantain, for it is good both against the flux and the Worms. Farthermore the VVine of the Pomgranate pressed forth with shell and all helps exceedingly. But for nauseating that ariseth from VVorms, and gnawing of the stomach, a grain of Salt held in the mouth, and melted and swallowed down, profits wonderfully, for it should seem the tartness of it, makes them presently fall down. But if a hickop arise from the same causes, pils are good, that have the juice of Ridder-spin, Wormwood, Santonicum, Water-mints, Scordium, of each four penny weight, boyl them to the thickness of Honey, then add fifty penny weight of powdered Aloes, and make pils of all, and swallow a penny weight, for this will take away the hickop, and kill the Worms. But if from the Feaver or filthy vapours arising from Worms, or the fumes of Medicaments (as most of those are that are given against Worms) rise to the head, so that there be great pain thereof, then anoint the forepart of the head, the forehead and temples with oyl of Roses, or the juice of Acacia, or of Hypocistis mingled with it, for it is most effectual. Others lay on leaven with a little Saffron and Vinegar, on these parts being anointed: for this cures all intemperate sleep, and other perverse affects. But amongst * 1.10 those men call Syrups, syrup of Wormwood, Calamint or Horehound are commended: or make one thus: Take juyce of Mints, Elecampane root, Wormwood, Rue, purified, for it is taken the sediment being cast away, of each of them haf a hemina in weight; of the juyce of Succo∣ry and Grass, of each of them seven cyathi in weight, infuse in these torrefied Harts-horn, Su∣mach, Purslain seed, and flowers of wilde Pomgranates, strain the decoction and make up all with Sugar, or the purest Honey of Athens. Another: Take Southernwood, Calamint eight penny weight, Horse mints, Elecampane-root fresh, six penny weight, boyl them in water to a third part: this decoction is given with syrup of Wormwood, or Oxymel of Squils. Also Worm-wood-wine is much commended for these uses, but it is made divers waies, for some let down Celtick nard 40 drams bound in a linnen clout, into a measure of new Wine; and after 40 daies they strain it. Others cast a pound of Wormwood into 20 sextarii of sweet Wine, and a sixth part of Pitch, Rosin, and after ten daies they strain it, and lay it up for use. A syrup against Worms, with a Feaver and the symptomes: Take sixteen penny weight of Grass-roots, Purslain-seed, sowr Dock, of each eight penny weight, ten sebestens, boyl all to thirds, to these add the juyce of Pomegranates, and Oranges, or sowr Wine, of each one and half cyathus in weight, as much of juyce of garden Succory, the best Sugar what may suffice, boyl them to a syrup: you may give Infants half an ounce, and young children one ounce without danger. A Julep that shall help those are affected with Worms: Take Dittany of Crete, Gentian Zedoary, Arabian Costus, one penny weight, seeds of Coleworts, Dill, Wormwood, Purslain, of each alike as much; water of Mints, Wormwood, Grass, of each half a hemina weight, boyl them to thirds and strain them, to these add of the best Sugar twenty penny weight. But in a Feaver you may give the decoction in water, or Grass-roots, Wheat, Barley, of each fifteen penny weight, to a large quantity to drink. Another most effectual and very sweet: Distilled water of Sorrel, Roses, Grass, garden Endive, Bugloss, juyce of Pomgranates, of each o••e hemina weight, seeds of Purslain, Orach, Sumach, Citrons, of each three penny weight; Coriander-seed, Myrtle-berries, wilde Smallage, of each two penny weight, seeds of sowr Dock, Coleworts, Cummin, of each the same weight: red Roses, Tormentil, Barberies, of each two penny weight, so much weight of Balaustia, five penny weight of the ashes of burnt Harts-horn, white Dittany of Crete eight penny weight; the shels of Mulberry-roots barked, Fern-roots, of each two penny weight, ten Sebestens, one penny weight of red Coral, white Sugar what may suffice, make a Julep. But the most▪ present remedy of all is that the Apothecaries call commonly Diaturpethum, but chiefly with Rhubarb, three drams of it being swallowed down; which being it is proved by long ex∣perience, so it hath also great reason for it, that it should be preferred before all other reme∣dies. For children enticed by the sweetness of the Antidote, will take it down willingly, and the Rhubarb kils▪ the Worms, and the parts are strengthned by it. The Turpeth drives them from their nests, and the rest of the ingredients do not only make it pleasant but harmless, so that it is most sweet, harmless and strong all at once: it is made thus: Take white Sanders and red, Violets, Ginger, of each two penny weight; Anniseed, Cinnamon, Saffron, Mastick of Chius, each one penny weight; Myrthita, which the Apothecaries call Turpeth, eight penny weight; Rhubarb, ten penny weight, Scammony as it is usually prepared, four penny weight, the purest Sugar 190 penny weight, make up all with that and make Troches (as the Greeks call them from the form) each three drams weight, where you have need of them, give one for this disease. Another An∣tidote: Take Rhubarb, Saffron, Scammony, Wormseed, Dittany of Crete, each two penny weight, the best Sugar eighty penny weight, make them up with Grass-water, and make Tro∣ches; one penny weight of this is given to Infants without danger, being dissolved in Grass-water▪ The powder I use is good, and a powder thus prepared: Take Rhubarb, Agarick, Germander,

of each two penny weight, Sea-moss four penny weight, Wormseed and Purslain-seed of each two penny weight, unwashed Aloes six penny weight, give a scruple of this or two oboli in Wine to children safely. Sometimes all these are bruised, and sifted and made into pils with the juyce of Wormwood or Mints, and three of them are swallowed down. Another for the same by ano∣ther Author: Take Harts-horn burnt, the less Centory, Mints, Penniroyal, Water-mints, Worm-wood, Santonicum, Germander, Lupins, of each four penny weight, bring all to very fine powder and give it with Milk, Vinegar, or Oxymel, or any way. Another of the new Writers that is approved: Take Rhubarb, Coriander-seed, Basil-seed, Plantain, Pomgranate pils, Carway-seeds, Sumach, of each two penny weight, Carduus Benedictus seed, shavings of Harts-horn, and of Ivory, of each eight penny weight, the bark of the roots of Mulberries pill'd, Colewort-seeds, Citron Apple∣seeds, bark of Willowes, of each six penny weight, Purslain-seed, Dittany of Crete, four penny weight of each, Pearls, red Coral, of each two penny weight, dry them and bring them to fine powder: one or two drams of this with Wine in winter, and where there is no Feaver, or with Oxycrate in summer or to those that are in a Feaver is safely given. An Antidote that kils Worms, diminisheth a Feaver, and helps against pains of the heart: Take Wormseed, Sea-moss, seed of wilde Smallage, Harts-horn burnt white, of each alike, infuse them all three daies in Vi∣negar, wherein let these things first boyl, Purslain-seed, Sorrel-seed, Sumach, Coriander, Cole∣wort-seed, and a little Myrrhe; then dry them, and add to them Orange-seeds two parts, Citron-seeds one part, make them up with Sugar dissolved in the Wine of Pomgranates, and make morsels, to which you may add some little Cinamon and Musk. But because it hath been seen oft-times that Medicaments outwardly applied have done much good against Worms, it is but reasonable that I should set down the manner of them: For by these we not only defend our bodies, but also we kill the Worms and drive them out dead: wherefore this may suffice * 1.11 that hath: Lupin-meal, less Centory, leaves of Peach-tree and Horehound, bruise them with Posca and lay them to the belly. Another tryed by our newer Physitians: Take the less Centory boyled in the oyl of Peach-kernels, anoint the Navil with this, and it will drive forth the Worms. Another: Tost Barly-bread, and infuse it in Vinegar, then press it out, and infuse it again in the juyce of Peach-leaves, lay it on warm to the belly with a linnen clout. Others mingle Lupine meal. Southernwood and Buls gall. Again: Take Lupine-meal, Centory the less, of each four penny weight, Aloes, Buls gall, of each 4 oboli, make them up with juice of Wormwood, and laid to children very young. Another: Take Wormwood, Gith, ashes of Harts-horn, of each a like quantity, mingle them with Honey and anoint them. Another good for the stomach, that kils Worms, and is good against the belly flux: Take Wormwood, Mints, Roses, Santonicum, Lupin-meal, of each eight penny weight, tosted bread, infused in the sharpest vinegar four penny weight, Buls gall sixteen penny-weight, Mountain-nard, Water-flag, (Gallia called Moschata) Cloves sweet Cane, Nutmeg, Galanga, Carway-seed, of each twelve penny weight; Hippocystis, Acacia, Sumach, of each four penny weight, oyl of Myrrhe, juyce of Mints, and Wax what suf∣ficeth, make a plaister. If there be no Feaver, the navil and thighs are to be anointed with Ho∣ney, in a hot affect with Milk, and then a little Aloes is strewed on, for it wonderfully kils Worms, also the nostrils are profitably anointed with Theriac and Vinegar. A Cerate against Worms out of Paulus: Take Aloes, VVormwood, Lupin-meal, Seriphium, Gith, of each six scruples, VVax an ounce and half, oyl of Camomel what may suffice, make them up being bruised dry with Buls gall. Another out of Aetius: Lupin-meal, VVormwood in powder, Barley in fine powder, of each seven penny weight; Buls gall, eight penny weight; rasping of Harts-horn, four penny weight; VVax, twenty six penny weight; weak oyl, twelve penny weight. Another approved: Take Aloes half an ounce, Saffron two oboli, juyce of Pomecitrons as many drams, mingle them with sweet white VVine, and apply them to the heart. Another approved: Take Buls gall, 30 pen∣ny weight, choise Frankincense 128 penny weight, Strong-water 2 heminae, distil, all these chy∣mically and in a glass vessel covered with VVax, keep what comes forth, and use it when occa∣sion is. Another very excellent, that kils and casts forth the Worms: Take VVormwood, Gentian, Centory the less, bark of the roots of Mulberies, Bay-berries wit•• the kernels taken forth, bark of the roots of the Pomgranate-tree, Ash-root pils, of each 16 penny weight; Marjoram 14 penny weight; Southernwood Aloes, Myrrhe, Agarick, of each 12 penny weight, Dittany of Crete, Germander, Savin, of each 8 penny weight; Poly-mountain, Grass-roots, each 10 penny weight; Staechas, Chamaedrys, Chamaepity, Pomecitron-seed, each 6 penny weight; ashes of Harts-horn, Santonicum, 4 penny weight, Coloquintida-seed, 2 penny weight, Buls gall 24 penny weight, the sharpest Vinegar 1 hemina and 3 cyathi, a gallon of bitter oyl of unripe Olives, and 6 heminae; let the dry things be beaten into most fine powder, and mingle them ten daies together, on the eleventh day let them boyl in a double vessel until the Vinegar be consumed; when these are cold, add one hemina of oyl of Bayes, bitter Almonds, and Peach-kernels, of each beaten 24 penny weight; all these, as the former, must be put into a glass ves∣sel, and be distilled. Another most excellent and sure: Take Peach-kernels, Garlick, Earth-worms washed in Vinegar, of each 24 penny weight; Gentian, Dittany of Crete, Grass-roots, and Pio∣ny, pils of Mulberry roots pilled, of each 52 penny weight, Saffron, sweet Cane, Cloves, Aloes, Calbanes, Coloquintida, Ginger, Nutmegs, Cassia, long Pepper, Frankincense, fruit of Balsome, red Coral, of each 8 penny weight; the best Theriack 12 penny weight, Mints, Wormwood, Centory the Less, Peach-tree leaves, headed Leeks, Penniroyal, Calamints, Plantain, Rue, black

Horehound, Bay-leaves, Sage, Marjoram, Betony, Scordium, Orange-pils, and bark of Mul∣berry roots, of each 16 penny weight; seeds of wilde Smallage, Purslain, Radish, Coleworts, San∣tonicum, Plantain, headed Leeks, sea Mosse, garden Smallage, (that is, Parsly) each 12 penny weight; the sharpest Vinegar, juyce of Quinces, of each one hemina; oyl of Mastick, Spike, liquid Bitumen, (they call it Petroleum) oyl of Bayes, of each 16 penny weight; the oldest Oyl, or oyl omphacine, 8 heminae; beat the dry things to powder, and mingle them, and in a glased vessel set them under Horse-dung for a moneth, then boyl them in a double vessel to thirds, strain them when they are cold, and straining them out forcibly, keep in a glass, what comes forth for your use. But employ it thus: first anoint the temples, then the nostrils, next that the spondyls of the neck, four of them next the throat, then anoint the pulses of the arms, next to that the stomach, I mean by the stomach the mouth of the ventricle, taking the word stomach improperly, for properly it signifies the throat; wherein I must not passe over the error of our new Physicians, who in affects of the mouth of the stomach, lay their remedies upon the back over against it, which is both contrary to Galen, and also to reason, 3. & 10. de m••rb. cur. libro. yet I believe Thomas Linacer did not rightly inter∣pret that place, if I be not mistaken, who was indeed otherwise a very learned man, and most skilful in the interpretation of Authors; but it may be that Greek Book was faulty, or for some other reason. Also it seems agreeing to reason, that for affects of the mouth of the sto∣mach, the remedies should be applied before, immediately under that round gristle, which they call the shield or sword-fashion gristle, for at this place the mouth of the stomach best receives the force of Cataplasms and Cerats, forasmuch as there are no bones to keep it off, but the properly called stomach, that is, the throat is fenced with most strong bones, as un∣der a fence; for it hath the brest bones before, and the back behinde. But this is spoken by the by. Now between the wetting of one place, and of another, we must stay so long as a man might walk about 40 paces; and when these places are wet, we must use more distance of time, when we anoint the reins and the navil. And these three remedies are so certain, that unless a childe be ready to die, he will recover from the point of death only by anointing these parts. That which is called the broad Worm abounds in those that have no Feaver, and breeds * 1.12 in long during diseases. The method to cure these is the same as for round Worms. For bitter and sharp potions are most in use, and to eat Garlick or Calamint, Dittany or Penniroyal; we must eat Garlick largely for three daies, and old soft Cheese. Next let a man eat of Mace∣donian Fern dried and powdred and sifted, 8 penny weight, with as much Honey as he please; af∣ter four hours give the patient Aloes, and Scammony, of each one half dram, in Honey-water 4 cyathi, when he begins to rise to stool, set hot water under; Also give water to drink in which Lupins, or the bark of Mulberry-tree is boyled, or to which there is added a sawcer full of Pepper, or bruised Hysop, and a little Scammony: or else after the eating of Garlick we speak of, let him vomit, and the next day let him gather as many Pomgranate roots as he can hold in his hand, and bruise them and boyl them in 3 sextarii of water, to a third part remai∣ning, * 1.13 let him put a little Nitre to this and drink it fasting; three hours then past, let him take two Potions either of water or salt pickle added to it; Then pour forth the hot water into a bason, as I said: also give Earth-worms to drink, for they are exceeding good. But the juyce of mouse-ear is proper for them, drank two cyathi with one cyathus of Ale: for it quickly drives forth the broad Worms. But this remedy following must first be drank; nor is it thought un∣fit for those that have Worms, especially if they have no Feaver. Out of Paulus. It consists of red Nitre, Pepper, Cardamoms, of each equall parts, mingle all these and give of them a spoonfull in Wine or hot Water, for it quickly brings them out.

Another, which is an Electuary of Paulus. Take Pepper, Bay-berries cleansed, Aethiopian Cumin, Mastick of Chios, of each alike, Honey what may serve turn, give one spoonfull in the morning, and let them sleep upon it; but if you would do this more effectually, adde Nitre as much as of each. Another of the same. T••ke Fern a sawcer-full, Nitre two peny weight, give it with a spoonfull of water, after evacuation, but it is better to adde a little Scammony to it. Another of the same, and of Aetius. Take of the bark of the root of a sowre Pomegranate, scraped from the upper part, Pepper, of each four peny weight, Cardamoms six peny weight, Horehound two penny weight, the best Honey what is sufficient, give one spoonfull of it after eating Garlick or Leeks. But that the disease may be wholly driven away, give some Theriac, for Galen highly commends it for this use. Another out of Oribasius, that he alwayes used by the experience of his masters, and had a long time proved it for good. It contains Scammony one Scruple, Euforbium as much and half as much, the powder of burnt feathers one scruple, Nitre in weight one Siliqua, give this to drink in honey'd or sweet wine. But it will fall out better if he first eat Garlick or some sharp thing. Also here is a Plaister of another Author, that is good against all Worms, especially broad ones. Take Lupines, Bay-berries cleansed, Bulls gall, lay these on the navel, and binde it on with a swathe∣band for one day and night, or else for two or three dayes. Against broad Worms from another Authour. Take Southern-wood, scraped Harts-horn, Coccus gnidius, and Sesamum, of each one penny weight, Cardamoms three oboli, give this to drink with Oxymel. Another for the same use. Take Gum Arabick, one peny weight, Fern three peny weight, Cardamoms one peny weight, Nitre three peny weight, give it in Hydromel or Ale. Also against the same, is the Antidote called Dia∣phereon. Take Fern eight peny weight, Scammony, Gith, Cardamoms, salt Nitre, of each two peny

weight, give it in Oxymel or Ale, but adde Polypode four peny weight. It is reported, that Asca∣rides will trouble children, and such as are come to their full growth. But children are continually provoked to excretion, and after egestion they are the better most commonly, but those that are come to their full growth, observing the trouble of such things that are the cause of them, will thrust their fingers into their fundaments, and pull them forth, and further they will foment and abate these biting pains, with peble-stones that lie in the Sun on the shores, or else with stones put into the fire. But some for fear will admit of none of these helps; yet this disease ought not to be neglected, for Worms will not easily yeeld to remedies, nor are they easily driven forth, but by strong means. Wherefore children must be purged with Suppositars made of Honey and a little salt, or Nitre, or sharp pickle, or with the decoction of Wormwood mingled with Oyl. Also there ought to be a stronger purging, and when they have voided their excrements, the Longanum, which is the place affected, must be anoynted with it. As for Simples, they are Acacia, Hypocistis, the juice of Sumach, with liquid Allome or Nitre, but the Compounds are the Troches of Andron, and those that are called Sphragides polydiae, and with fat Wooll and such like; for the flesh is made stronger by Astringents, and loseth its readinesse to breed living Creatures, and thrusts forth the Ascarides. Andron his Troches are made thus. Take flowers of Garden Pomegranates ten peny weight, Galls eight peny weight, Myrrhe four peny weight, long Birthwort, and as much Vitriol, Saffron, scistil Allum, dregs of the Oyl of Saffron, Mysi, Frankincense, of each two peny weight, they are powdered and mingled with astringent wine, or with Vinegar. But Sphragis polydiae is thus. Take scistil Allum three peny weight, Frankincense four peny weight, Myrrhe as much, or eight peny weight, Vitriol two peny weight, flowers of tame Pomegranates twelve peny weight, Bulls gall six peny weight, Aloes eight peny weight, make them up with sharp wine: But that which is made with fat Wooll is thus made. Take fat Wooll forty peny weight, lead powder, shales of Bi∣tumen, of each ten peny weight, round scissil Allum, Pomegranate shells, Galls, Mysi, Vitriol, Frankincense, of each five peny weight, Myrrhe two peny weight, lees of Oyl eight Heminae. Those that are of riper years must be purged with sharper and hotter remedies, as with Diapicra, and with Oyl mixt with wine, in great quantity, and other things infused, as salt pickle, the decoction of Centaury, with Nitre and Honey, or Coloquintida, Chamaeleon, Anchusa, Lupins; then Oyl of Cedar must be given in Clyster, and after that rest; often repeating the same method of cure, al∣so take salt flesh, scraping away the fat, and cut it long and round, and thrust that into the Anus, and binde it in, to hold it there so long as may be, and then lose it, and in ject again the foresaid things, and let us often repeat the same remedies.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Signs of broad Worms.
• * 1.2

  Ascarides.
• * 1.3

  Prognosticks.
• * 1.4

  The cure.
• * 1.5

  A general cure of Worms.
• * 1.6

  Simple hot medicaments against Worms out of Diosco∣rides, Celsus, Pliny, Sc••ibo∣nius, Largus, Galen, Oribasi∣us, Paulus, Aetius.
• * 1.7

  Cold Simples against Worms.
• * 1.8

  Simples seve∣rally that bring forth Worms round, Ascarides, and broad Worms.
• * 1.9

  The methodi∣cal Cure of round Worms, chiefly out of Paulus and Aetius.
• * 1.10

  Compound in∣ternal Reme∣dies to kill and sorce out Worms.
• * 1.11

  Compound ex∣ternal Medica∣ments against Worms.
• * 1.12

  The Cure of broad Worms, chiefly out of Celsus, Oribasi∣us, Scribonius, Paulus, and Actius.
• * 1.13

  Victoriatus, is a piece of Mo∣ney of 3 oboli, or half a dram.