The history of four-footed beasts and serpents describing at large their true and lively figure, their several names, conditions, kinds, virtues ... countries of their breed, their love and hatred to mankind, and the wonderful work by Edward Topsell ; whereunto is now added, The theater of insects, or, Lesser living creatures ... by T. Muffet ...

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Title
The history of four-footed beasts and serpents describing at large their true and lively figure, their several names, conditions, kinds, virtues ... countries of their breed, their love and hatred to mankind, and the wonderful work by Edward Topsell ; whereunto is now added, The theater of insects, or, Lesser living creatures ... by T. Muffet ...
Author
Topsell, Edward, 1572-1625?
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London :: Printed by E. Cotes for G. Sawbridge ... T. Williams ... and T. Johnson ...,
1658.
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Zoology -- Pre-Linnean works.
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http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A42668.0001.001
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"The history of four-footed beasts and serpents describing at large their true and lively figure, their several names, conditions, kinds, virtues ... countries of their breed, their love and hatred to mankind, and the wonderful work by Edward Topsell ; whereunto is now added, The theater of insects, or, Lesser living creatures ... by T. Muffet ..." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A42668.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 14, 2024.

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CHAP. XX.

Of the Cantharides, or Spanish Fly.

I Know not what the reason was that the Cantharides above the rest so well known, of so great use in Physick were omitted by Pennius and Gesner. Which task notwithstanding I shal willingly undertake, and thus I begin their History. The word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 in Greek is the same in Latine; in French, it is Cantaride; in Italian, Catarella; in Spanish, Cubillo; in the German Tongue, Grune, Kefer, Goldkefer; in Low Dutch, Spaensche, Ʋlieghe; in English, Cantharides, or Spanish Fly.

[illustration]

Of the Cantharides two sorts have come to our knowledge, the one greater, the other lesse. Of the greater sort there are some thick and long, taken in wheat; and fat likewise as the Blats are, drawn with variety of golden lines, which in the wings run athwart, and those are accounted of the best use in Physick. Others are lesse and lean, hairy, called the in∣nermost, not so fit for medicine. Of the greater sort also not all are of a glittering green, but some of them of a sad red, but all of them of an inexpressible splendor, and very pleasant to the eye.

[illustration]

The smaller Cantharides Thomas Decat first of all acquainted me withall, they seem to dif∣fer a little in shape and bigness; but have all the same virtue and original. Of these lesser, the first hath a long forked head, with black eyes standing out, the cornicles long and black, the wings coming forth of the middle of the loins; the which are marked with two silver coloured spots, and a few other white specks. They are commonly found in Kexes, or Asse Parsly in the summer time. It hath feet and thighs very slender and long; of colour virmi∣lion inclining toward a purple. The second is of the same colour with the first, but only that the eyes and cornicles seem to be green. Of the third the head and shoulders are not to be

[illustration]
distinguished, of a rusty colour, and the eyes as black as pitch; the wings of like colour with the head, but glittering with golden streaks, the feet black and short. The fourth is like the third, but only it is rather in colour of grass green, not rusty as the other: otherwise, except the bigness (for it is the least of all) it doth not dif∣fer. As well the greater as the lesser of these Cantharides, do not come of living creatures, but of dry and moist putrefaction. The race of Cantharides is bred in wheat and corn fields, and in fig-trees also. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉: as Aelian hath it word for word out of Arist. in his 9. Book and 39. Chapt. They are bred also of the sponge of a Rose called dens Ca∣ninus, and of the Catterpillars which are found in Fig trees, Poplar, Pear tree, Ash, Olive, Rose trees; for in all these there are worms bred that are the originals of Cantharides, but in the white Rose they are less effectual. The Cantharides couple and generate likewise, but ot a creature of their own species, but a worm only; they feed upon pulse and grain, but especi∣ally of wheat, and those which are so fed are accounted most fit for Medicine: they smell like Tarre, taste like Cedar, as Nicander reporteth.

Their virtue consists in burning the body, causing a crust, or (as Dioscorides will have it) to corrode, cause exulceration, and provoke heat; and for that reason are used mingled with me∣dicines that are to heat the Lepry, Tettars, and Cancerous sores.

And in being mixt with Cecots or fit plaisters, they do cure deformities of the nails, causing them to fall off. They are used in medicines for Corns on the feet or hands.

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Some anoint the places where the hair 〈◊〉〈◊〉 off, with Cantharides bruised and liquid Pitch, the skin being prepared with Nitre: they are good for Cauteries, but care must be had that they do not ulcerate so deep▪ then some command to annoint those ulcers made, with the heads, of with the gall or dung of Mice mixt with Helleboe and Pepper. Cantharides mixt with quick Lime, cure Botches, as if you should cut them off with a razour. Some use to cast a little of them into Medicaments to provoke urine. But there is a great question of it, because they are poyson drank, in respect of the bladder that they afflict with perpetual toment But these is no que∣stion but in oyntment they may do good with the juyce of wilde Vine, or with Sheeps or Goats suet. Some of my Masters put only their wings and their feet into Medicaments that pro∣voke urine. We, saith Galen, are wont to cast in the Cantharides whole, and we judge those to be the best, that are found in wheat, and have a yellow girdle running athwart their wings to adorn them, L. 3. & l. 11. desimpl. fac. also put under, they mightily provoke the terms, and put to medicaments for the Dropsie, they are a very good antidote against it; as not only Hippocra∣tes, and Dioscorides, but Galen, Avicenna, Rhasis, Pliny, and the best writers do testifie amongst Phy∣sicians. I cannot here praise sufficiently the excellent use of them, with Leven, Salt, and Gum Ammoniac, to divert Catarthes, to cure the Gowt in the feet and hips; by drawing the matter that lies deep, from the centre to the superficies. Also they are good against the venome of the Salamander, as Pliny teacheth l. 29. c. 4. Also in some cases and in some compositions, they are good for such as want erection, and do promote venery very much. But as rightly mixt and ex∣hibited in due proportions, they are good for ones health, so being not rightly mingled and given disorderly, they cause cruel symptomes and sometimes death. When Anno 1579. I staid at Ba∣sil, a certain married man (it was that brazen bearded Apothecary that dwelt in the Apothecaries shop) he fearing that his stopple was too weak to drive forth his wifes chastity the first night, consulted one of the chief Physicians, who was most famous, that he might have some stiffe pre∣valent Medicament, whereby he might the sooner dispatch his journey. But when it was day∣break almost, there followed a continual distending of the yard without any venereous desires, and after that bloudy urine, with inflammation of the bladder, and the new married man almost fainted away, all Antidotes profiting nothing a great while. I remember that the same thing hapned to a Noble man of Francfort in my remembrance, whom when an illiterate Physi∣cian thought to cure him of the Dropsie by giving him Cantharides, one in number inwardly, he killed him with lamentable torments. I have a singular remedy against the weakness of the Genital part, which when I used it indifferently▪ however it did great help to many Noble men, and no hurt, (who generally are more studious in venereous matters) yet it did one amongst the rest so much harm, that after venery (which he was too much addicted to) he pissed bloud continually, and swounded away frequently; truly unless there had been plenty of milk at hand, this Venus bird had died and suffered deservedly for his Lechery and lasciviousness. Thus far for their Physical force, now we shall pass to their deadly and ignominious qualities. They * 1.1 are held to be amongst the number of poysons most deadly, not only by reason of their corro∣ding and inflaming, but by reason of a putrefying quality they abound with. Their juyce en∣tring into the veins either from the stomach, or by the skin, destroys a man like to poyson. Therefore Ovid when he wished mischief to his enemy, lib. Trist. wishes that his parents might give him the juyce of Cantharides to drink Cicero ad Pecum l. 9. Epist. famil. Cajus by the accu∣sation of L. Grassus is said to have taken Cantharides: as if by that means he was resolved to kill himself. Gal. l. 3. de Simpl. fac. writ thus: If they be taken inwardly in a very small quantity, mingled with things fitting, they powerfully move 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and sometimes corrode the bladder: whence it is manifest, that all things that kill by a cold quality, if they be taken in a small quan∣tity they may nourish the body: but such as kill by putrefying (as Cantharides do) not at all; since they are enemies to mans nature. Cossiles a Roman Knight, well noted for his familia∣rity with Nero, when he was sick of a dangerous Tetter, a Physician was sent for by Caesar to cure him, who gave him Cantharides to drink, and so killed him. Pliny. Also Cantharides were objected against Cato of Ʋtica, (as the same Author saith, l. 29. c. 4.) as if he had sold poy∣son by open sale, because he set them at 60. Sextertia. But when they are drank too largely, or applyed outwardly too long and too deep, they are wont to produce these symptomes. There happens pricking and pain in the bowels; which is extended from the mouth to the secrets, and to the loyns, and haunches, and hypochondres, and they ulcerate the bladder with a painful ulcer, and inflame the yard and the parts adjacent with a vehement Impostume: then they piss bloud, and after that pieces of flesh. Sometimes there followes a Diarrhoea and Dysentery, swounding and dulness, and the minde is perverted, and there is nauseating and heaviness, and a frequent desire to make water and go to stool; but almost it is in vain. They taste a taste of Pitch in their mouthes: all which symptomes are set down in Dioscorides l. 6. c. 1. Gal. lib. de The∣riac. ad Pison. c. 4. and l. 3. de Temper. c. 3. and in Rhasis lib. 8. c. 17. To those that are so infected and affected, Dioscorides first prescribes frequent vomiting, then frequent Glysters made with Nitre to cleanse the guts; then to preserve the bladder, he gives milk inwardly and flea-seed. And he will have their Clysters made of other matter than at first, namely of Barley water, Marsh-mallowes, whites of Eggs, Muscilage, of Linseed, Rice-water, decoction of F〈…〉〈…〉 greek, Hydromel, fat Broths, Oyl of sweet Almonds, Goose-grease, yelks of Eggs. Also he bids to give inwardly Cowes milk that is sowre, Hydromel, kernels of the Pitch-tree, the great and

Page 1005

the small, sweet new Wine, Ducks grease, a decoction with Diuretick seeds, (namely the four great cold seeds) and decoction of figs with syrup of Violets. Oyl of Quinces is commended as the certain Theriack for this disease, as also oyl of Lillies, and Samian clay. Rhasis after that Clysters of fat Broth are cast in, will have incoction made into the yard with Oyl of Roses, and the sick shall be put into a warm bath in a great Var. tit. 8. c. 17. Authors are not agreed in what part the poyson of Cantharides doth lie. Some think it lyeth in he head and feet, and others deny that; yet they all agree that the wings are an Antidote in what part soever the poyson lyeth; and those being taken off it is deadly; so that this venome hath its remedy joyned with it. Plin. l. 11. c. 35. Lyrus of Naples writes that Purslain is an Antidote against Canthari∣des, which Pliny l. 20. c. 13. affirms of white Basil: who also l. 23. c. 2. and 4. l. 28. c. 10. com∣mends very much Vinegar of Squils, Oyl of Dill, Cowes Milk, and Broth of Goats flesh. And thus much shall suffice for the History of Cantharides, which I wonder that the most learned Gesner, and especially Pennius overslipt.

Notes

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