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VVHen the Greeks were set down be∣fore this strong Place, they found, a greater resistance than they had imagined. King Priam had furnished himself with all things necessary for a long Siege, and Mem∣non one of their best Commanders of his time, had brought unto him valiant compagnies
of Souldiers from the King of Assyria. * 1.1And Penthesilea Queen of the Amazons was alrea∣dy arrived with a powerful assistance: Besides Rhesus King of Thracia, and Sarpedon the Son of Jupiter King of Lycia, were in their March with a design to joyn with him against ••he Greeks. Also the men of Troy did rep••s•• a great deal of trust in their Palladium, which was the Statue of Minerva fallen from Hea∣ven; and upon which all their fatallity, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the event of this War did depend; for 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Oracles had Proclaimed, that they 〈…〉〈…〉 ver be overcome by their Enemies 〈…〉〈…〉 could keep it amongst them. The 〈…〉〈…〉 since been said to the Romans 〈…〉〈…〉 their Ancile, a little Buckler 〈…〉〈…〉 fell down from Heaven in the 〈…〉〈…〉 Num•• Pompilius. But the grea•••••••• ••••rt of the Gods were their enemies, as Homerus in∣formes us; for when they were all met toge∣ther * 1.2before Jupiter to consult about this bu∣siness they could never agree, their Disputes were so hot, that there was at first cause to imagine, that they would end in a personal * 1.3fight. Apollo did oppose Neptunus, Minerva was against Mars, Diana against Juno, Mercurius fell out with Latona, and the God Scamander called otherwise Xanthus was against Vul∣can.
Now this Scamander seeing Achilles de∣stroying the Country round about Troy and the current of his River stopt with the heaps of dead Corps's, he in his rage joyned him∣self
to his next Neighbour Simois, with an intent to dround Achilles: They both met so opportunely, that they had already sur∣rounded him with their waters; and he had * 1.4infallibly perisht there, had not Ju•••• dis∣patcht away Vulcan in haste to his assistance. This 〈◊〉〈◊〉 himself in a rage, with violent * 1.5flames 〈◊〉〈◊〉 his hand upon the poor Sca∣man 〈◊〉〈◊〉 ••nd consumed most part of his wa∣ters.
〈◊〉〈◊〉 memorable Siege lasted many years, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 it proved fatal to both parties. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of the great Commanders lost their 〈◊〉〈◊〉 but some of them did deserve a renown 〈◊〉〈◊〉 hath perpetuated their names and me∣••••ries to all Ages.
Next to Agamemnon, and Menelaus, * 1.6Achilles ••as one of the most remarkable for his va∣••••r, and his other excellent qualities. Pa∣ro ••es his Favourite was a noted Captain, as also Id men••us the Son of Deucalion, Ajax the Son of Telamon, and Ajax the Son of Oil••us King of Locres, who was very swift in running, and excellent in handling bow and arrows and the lance. Schelenus the * 1.7Son of Capaneus was noted for his courage, as also his intimate friend Diomedes King of Ae••ol••a, and Son of Tydeus mentioned before,
he was not like that cruel Diomedes the King of Thracia, who was slain by Hercules, for he was both gracious and valiant, he did march to the fight as quick as the thunder bursts out of a cloud, or as a Torrent that tumbles down a steep Mountain, as Homer informs us; none but Achilles and Ajax the Son of Telamon did go before him in the re∣putation of a great Commander; for Ʋlysses, he did excel more in cunning than in cou∣rage, he did invent all manner of Strata∣gems of war aganist the enemies.
* 1.8 Nestor was three hundred years old, he was nevertheless very useful by his wise coun∣sels and by his eloquence, for he did insinuate himself into the minds of his auditors so pleasantly, as if honey had droped from his mouth with his words. Agamemnon had such an high esteem of him, that he did often say, That if there were but ten such as Nestor in his Army, the City of Troy could not have made so long a resistance. They wanted no kind of Persons in this Siege, for the carry∣ing * 1.9on of their design. They had Catchus and Euripilus two experienced Soothsayers, who did inform them of the time to come, that they might make provision accordingly. They had also a learned Physitian by name Macaon, the Son of Esculapius, who did heal all sorts of discases, and Epeus a witty En∣gineer, who invented several Engines of war; particularly, that which was called the great Ram, or the Horse with which the enemies
did anciently batter down the walls of a be∣sieged City. There was also an ill shap'd Fellow amongst them named Thersites, whose mind was as full of evil qualities, as his body was deformed with ill-favoured features. He was the greatest Coward in the Army, yet had the confidence to oppose all the ablest and stoutest Commanders. Achilles was one day so enraged against him, that he knock'd him down and kill'd him with a blow of his fist.
The first of the Grecians army, who land∣ed, when they were arrived in the Province of Troas was Prothesilaus. Hector cast him * 1.10dead to the Ground with a blow of his lance. His wife Laodimia requested this favour from the gods to comfort her in her violent affli∣ction, onely to see again the Shadow of her deceased husband, which was granted, but when she offer'd to embrace it, she fell down dead.
There were many slain and much blood spilt in the frequent fallies of the besieged. Troïlus one of the Sons of Priam ventured out against Achilles, though he were very young, but he was unhappily killed by him his death did mightily afflict the Trojans, because the Oracle had promised, that the City should never be taken whilst he did live. His elder Brother Hector reveng'd his death by the cruel slaughter of a multitude of Greeks with which he did encounter. So that the besieged did often say that he alone 〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉
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* 1.11 Ajax and many Worthies were buried. Af∣terwards there happened a very hot dispute between Vlisses and Ajax the Son of Tela∣mon, about the Armes and Weapons of A∣chilles. Ajax did pretend that they did be∣long to him; not only for his Deserts and for his Valor, but also because he was near allied in blood to Achilles. Nevertheless, Ʋlysses knew so well how to perswade his Judges who were the Commanders of the Graecians Army by his extraordinary Eloquence, that they gave them to him; which put Ajax in such a fury that he be∣came mad. In this condition he ran into an Herd of Swine, and fancying these beasts to be Agamemnon, Menelaus and the rest of his Judges: he endeavoured to destroy them.
But when he came to understand his gross mistake, he killed himself with the Sword that Hector had given him, verifying the Greek Proverb 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 The Gifts of Enemies are unhappy. Hector had been also tyed & drag'd upon the Buckler that this Ajax had exchanged with him for his Sword.
When Achilles was dead, the Beseiged be∣gan to take courage and to express their joy, but it lasted not long: for Pyrrhus the Son of Achilles being arrived from Greece, succeeded his Father in all his offices, and he had no less success in the encounters although he was yet very
young? He revenged his Death upon the Trojans in many Battels, in one of them he killed the Traitor Paris. Others say that it was Philactetes who wounded him mortally with one of the poisoned Arrowes of Hercules.
At last the besieged were so unhappy as to see their Palladium, upon which the safety of their Citty did depend, stolen and carried away privately, by Ʋlysses and Diomedes. Which caused King Priam to ca∣pitulate with the Greeks, so that he came to an agreement, but he had no mind to restore Helena who had been married to Deipho∣bus another of his Children, after the death of Paris.
Aeneas and Antenor were commissioned to treat with the Enemy. They concluded a Peace for a certain summ of money, and for a certain quantity of Provisions which the Trojans were to furnish the Greeks for their return home.
* 1.12 The City of Troy being first built by Dardanus and called from him Dardanida, was after∣wards enlarged by Ilus his successor and na∣med Ilion, or Ilium. This Prince made his prayer to the gods, that they would vouchsafe unto him some signe by which he might un∣derstand whether or no they did approve of his building this City; Immediately at his word there fell down from above, the Palladium, which was an Image of three Cubits long, 〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉
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was able to destroy the Enemies Army.
In the mean while the love of women did * 1.13more prejudice to the Grecians of the weapons of the Trojans, for when Agamemnon did entertain the daughter of a Priest of Apollo, he drew a grievous plague into the Army, which did destroy many until Achilles caused her to be sent home to her Parents to appease the displeasure of this god by the advice of the Soothsayer Calchas. This action did mightily vex Agamemnon, who to revenge himself upon Achilles took from him a cer∣tain Briseis otherwise named Hyppodamia, the Daughter of Chryses, for this cause Achilles refused to go out to fight or to assist his com∣panions.
But when it happened that Patrocles had taken upon him, the armes of Achilles to en∣counter Hector, and having not his strength and excellent qualities, Hector run him through with a lance, and cast him dead to the ground. Achilles being very much af∣flicted, for the misfortune of his intimate friend, therefore to revenge it he returned again to the Camp with other arms, which Vulean had newly made for him. At the first opportunity he went cut to meet Hector, kill'd him, and having tyed his body to his Chariot, he dragg'd it three times round a∣bout the City, and about the Tomb of Patro∣cles, and afterward sold it to his Father Priam that he might bury it according to the cu∣stome.
This death of Hector did terrefie the be∣sieged, but they were much more afrighted, when they saw Penthisliea the Queen of the Amazons killed also by Achilles, and all her Companiors either cut in pieces or drowned by Diomedes in the water of Scamander.
Memnon thought to have repaired these losses by the slaughter of the enemies. The Trojans did look upon him, as their greatest Bulwark, but he was very dangerously wounded by Ajax the Son of Telamon, and afterwards he was kill'd by Achilles in a single fight. We have already taken notice in the tenth chapter of the first Book, how his mo∣ther Aurora was afflicted for him, and how he was metamorphised into a Bird.
When Queen Hecuba saw Memnon dead and the stoutest of her Children killed by A∣chilles, she saught how she might revenge herself upon him. Paris promis'd to give her satisfaction, for that purpose he dealt treacherously with Achilles, and perceiving that he was in love with Polyxena his Si∣ster, he gave him some hopes of marrying her; Therefore he appointed him a meeting in the Temple of Apollo to discourse about this business, but when Achilles was most se∣cure Paris with an arrow wounded that mortal part of his feet, which had not been dipt in the River Styx.
This death did mightily trouble the Graecians, who raised for him a Tomb up∣on the Promontary of Sigaeum, where also 〈1 page duplicate〉〈1 page duplicate〉
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* 1.14 holding in one hand a Lance, and in the o∣ther a spindle with a distaff. The Statue did no sooner touch the Earth, but it began to march in the presence of the King: The Oracle afterwards did inform him, that Troy should never be taken nor destroyed whil's that remai∣ned safe. Ulysses and Diomedes stole secretly into the Citadel of Troy through a gutter, and car∣ried away the Palladium, afterwards Aeneas transported it into Italy, where it was com∣mitted to the keeping of the Vestal Virgins.
* 1.15 Priam was assisted by many powerful neigh∣bors, Rhesus came with a great Army to raise the Seige, but Diomedes and Ulysses were dispatched to meet him, in the way they put to flight his men, and killed him, but after his death he was reverenced as a Hero in his Country, and Altars were erected to him, unto which the Poets do say that the Wilde Beasts of their own accord did come to be sa∣crificed. He was in his life mightily addicted to the sport of hunting, for that reason they did offer unto him after his Death, Wilde Beasts.
* 1.16 Memnon was one of the chief Officers, and Generals of Theutamus King of Persia, who sent his succors to assist Priam his Vassal against the Greeks. He gave order to Memnon Viceroy of Ethiopia, to march thither with ten thousand Ethiopians and other Souldiers: but he was slain by Achylles for killing Antilo∣chus the son of Nestor.
Sarpedon the Son of Jupiter and of Hippo∣damia
the Daughter of Bellerophon, or as some say of Jupiter and of Europa, was at the Siege of Troy, with his Kinsman Glaucus the Son of Hyppolochus the Son also of Bellerophon, he was killed by Patroclus.
* 1.17 It is needless to mention all the Commanders of both parties. Homer gives a sufficient ac∣count of them and of their habitations. Anti∣lochus deserves to be reckoned amongst the most famons and generous Worthies, for his love to his Father and for his resolution. He was the * 1.18youngest of all the Greeks, a great Favourite of Achilles, when his Father was ready to be * 1.19 kill'd by Memnon, Antilochus stept in be∣tween them, and received in his breast the mor∣tal blow, that was intended against the Old man. Achilles revenged his death at the request of Nestor.
We must not forget to say something m re of Idoneus the Grandchild of Minos and of Deu∣calion his Successor in the Kingdome of Can∣dia: He brought a stout Army of Candians to Troy, and did many brave actions worthy of a Stout Commander. When Troy was taken he was appointed to separate the spoils and allot unto every one his portion. His Kingdom was full of excellent Archers trained up in this exercise from their infancy, for the mothers did seldom give any victuals to their chil∣dred every day, until they had fixt an arrow in
a mark, as big as a shilling, at a considerable distance. The Inhabitants of the Islands Balea∣res, now Majorca and Minorca, were excellent slingers, their children were wont also to deserve their break-fast by hitting the mark with a stone out of a sling.
Justin. Lib. 2.
Scamander is named 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
The young Damsels were wo••t to wash in t••••s River before Marri∣age, saying un∣to it 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
Homer Il. 21.
Lucian.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Homer.
Diomedes wounded Ve∣nus, she in re∣venge made his wife a whore, so that he would not return home, but settled i•• Italy, where he built a City now called Benevento, ofter his death his people were metamorphis∣ed into strange birds▪ named Cetaractes, they ••ly away from a wicked man, but cherish the good especially the Greeks, see Plin lib. 2. c. 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
He is called, 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Sweet mouth'd He was the Son of Neleus King of Pylos Hercules re∣stored unto him his King∣dom, because of his justice Hygin. ch. 10. & Pausan.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Homer.
He is stiled 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 because he was swift in running▪
This Ajax was the Prince of Salamis called 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, the Bulwark of the Greeks, be∣cause he was big and high and rendred invulnerable by the prayers of Hercules who put upon him his Lyons skin and desi∣red Jupiter that he might not be subject to wounds on∣ly under his Arms see Pin∣dar in Od. Iishm.
Dardanus Ili∣ace primus pa∣ter urbis & Author. Virgil.
This Apollo is named by Ho∣mer 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 because he did put his ene∣mies to ••light and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 light; because he brings light into the world or from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 a Wolfe, be∣cause he was adored in the image of a wolfe in Aegypt. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Hom. 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 S••mmus{que} dies Hectoris idem patrioe{que} fuit. Homer calls him 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, and 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, &c. Homer Il. 20.
He was the son of the River Stygmon and of the muse Eu∣terpe or of Eio∣neus as Homer saith.
Philostrat in Protesiliao
He was cal∣led ••••ppus by the Aegipti∣ans.
Pausan where he was killed the Poets do say that a Fountain sprung up which yeilded drops of blood every year on the day of his death Nat▪ Com.
〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Hom. 15. 11.
Pindar.
Ovid saith o∣therwise in Penelop ad Ʋ∣lyss. Sive qui•• Antilochum narrabat ab Hectore vi∣ctum▪ &c.
Creta or Candia was call'd 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 because there was in it an hundred Cities: now there is but thre••, Candia, Canea or Ci∣don from whence are the Mala Ci∣donia, quinces, the third is Rethymo Gnosus was the Metropolis in the time of Minos, scituate upon Mount Ida now called Philoi••ri.