A display of heraldry manifesting a more easie access to the knowledge thereof than hath been hitherto published by any, through the benefit of method : whereunto it is now reduced by the study and industry of John Guillim ...

Naturalia sunt specula eorum quae non videntur.

THis Third Section beginneth to treat of such Charges of Coat-Armours as are called Common Charges, whereof some be Natural and meerly formal; such are Angels and Spirits: and others are both Formal and Material; as the Sun, Moon, Stars; as also such Natures as are Sublunary, whether they be living after a sort, as all kinds of Minerals; or that they live perfectly, as all manner of Vegetables and Sensitive Creatures, with their General and Particu∣lar Notes, Rules, Precepts, and Observations.

The TABLE of the Third Section.

Common Charges, whereof some are

• Natural
  • Formal, As all kinds of Spirits, which albeit they are Incorporeal Essences; yet in respect that some of them have had assumpted Bodies, as those that appeared to Abraham, Lot, &c. they have been born in Arms according to such their assumpted shapes.
  • Materi∣al,
    • Simple,
      • Constant,
        • Heavens.
        • Stars
          • Fixed.
          • Wandering: as the Sun, Moon, Comets, &c.
      • Inconstant, as the Elements, Islands, Mountains, Fountains, &c.
    • Mixt,
      • Brute, as Meteors
        • Fiery, as the Mullet, or Falling Star, Lightning, &c.
        • Watry, as Clouds, Rainbows, and their like.
      • Living,
        • After some sort, as Metals of Minerals,
          • Liquefiable, as Gold, Silver, &c.
          • Not lique∣fiable, as Stones:
            • Precious, as the Diamond, Sa∣phire, Carbuncle, Ruby, &c.
            • Base, as all sorts of Stones of vul∣gar use and imployment.
        • Perfectly,
          • Plants & other Vegeta∣tives that grow upon a
            • Stump
              • Simple, that do grow upon one body or stem, as all kind of Trees with their Limbs, Leaves, and other parts.
              • Manifold, as Shrubs of all sorts, whose Leaves, Flowers, and Fruits, are of more frequent use of bearing in Arms, than is their whole bearing.
            • Stalk: Such are all kinds of Herbs, and their parts, viz. their Leaves and Flowers.
          • Sensible Creatures
            • Com∣mon parts
              • Contained, whereof only blood is of use in Arms.
              • Con∣tain∣ing
                • Adjuncts scil. their
                  • Support, as the Bones.
                  • Covering, which is their Skin.
                • Their A∣nimal parts de∣stinated to
                  • Sense and Motion together, as the Brain, whose excrement, viz. tears, are only of use in Armory.
                  • Motion alone, the use whereof in Arms is the heart.
            • Kinds which are
              • Unreasonable, such are Animals
                • Terrestrial, that live
                  • Upon the Earth, and are
                    • Four footed, and do pro∣duce
                      • Living Crea∣tures
                        • Whole footed, as the Elephant, Horse, M••le, Ass, &c.
                        • Diversly cloven, viz.
                          • In two, as Harts, Goats, &c.
                          • Into many parts, as Lions, Bears, Wolves, &c.
                      • Eggs, of which some have
                        • Four feet, as the Tor∣toise, Frog, Lizard, Crocodile, &c.
                        • More than four feet, as the Scorpion, Ant, Grashopper, &c.
                    • Creeping, or rather gliding, as Snakes, Snails, Blind-worms, &c.
                  • Above the earth, having their feet Whole and plain, and are called Palmipedes, as the Swan, Goose, Duck, and other like River Fowls. Divided, as Eagles, Hawks, and all Birds of prey, and domestical Fouls.
                • Watry, whose covering is
                  • Soft, of which some are
                    • Skinned, as Lampries, Eeles, Congers, and such like.
                    • Scaled, as the Dolphin, Barbel, Carp, Bream, Roch, &c.
                  • Hard, which are
                    • Crusted, as Lobsters, Crabs, Crevices, Prawns, Shrimps, &c.
                    • Shelled, as Scalops, Oysters, Peri∣winkles, Muscles, &c.
              • Reasonable, which is Man.
• Artificial, whereof see the Table of the fourth Secti∣on, at this Character ••.

SECTION III. CHAP. I.

HAving performed the Task which our proposed Order imposed on us, touch∣ing proper Charges, together with their making, and divers manner of bearing: the same orderly Progression now calleth us to the handling of common Charges, menti∣oned in the second Member of the same Di∣stribution. By common Charges I mean all such other Charges hereafter following, as are not hitherto handled.

Whether they be

• Natural.
• Artificial.

Things Natural (according to Philosophers) are Essences by themselves subsisting: Res na∣turalis est essentia per se subsistens. Mani∣fold, and in manner infinite are these things Natural, as Zanchius noteth, saying, Multae sunt, & propè infinitae, non tam res, quàm rerum species, in Coelis, in Aere, in Terris, in Aquis: therefore it is not to be expected, that I should in exemplifying of them, pass through all the particulars of them; but only touch superficially some of their chiefest, se∣lected out of that innumerable variety, where∣by I may manifest in what ranks, and under what heads, each peculiar thing must be be∣stowed, according to their several kinds, and so redeem them from all former confused mix∣ture.

Of things Natural, some are

• Formal.
• Material.

The formal Nature is most simple and pure, and consisteth of the propriety of its own form, without any body at all; of which sort are Spirits, which (according to Scri∣bonius are Essentiae formatae rationales & immortales; Essences perfectly formed, rea∣sonable and immortal: I say, perfectly form∣ed, to distinguish them from the Souls of men, whose forming is not perfect in it self, but is for the informing and perfecting of the Body and the whole Man.

Amongst such Forms are numbred

• Angels.
• Cherubims.

Angels, in the Opinion of most men) are incorporeal Essences of a spiritual Nature, void of all material Substance. Angelus in Latin, is the same that Nuntius is, that is to say a Messenger; and the same is a name of Office, and not of Nature, as St. Augustine noteth up∣on Psalm 104. saying, Quaeris nomen hujus naturae? Spiritus est. Quaeris officium? An∣gelus est. Will you know the nature of it? It is a Spirit. Will you know the Office of it? It is an Angel or Messenger. The like may we find (saith he) in man: Nomen naturae Homo, officii Miles: nomen naturae Vir, of∣ficii Praetor: To be a man, is a name of na∣ture: To be a Souldier or Pretor, is a name of Office. Angels are Messengers, by whom God hath manifested his will and power to his E∣lect in Christ Jesus: In which respect also the Ministers of God are called in Scriptures Gods Angels, and therefore to be honoured as his Embassadours and Messengers; and their Do∣ctrine is Evangelium, the good Angelical Message of life eternal with the Angels in Heaven.

All Angels are of like spiritual Substance, of like intelligent faculty, of like will and choice; In fine, all of them created alike good, and in nature perfect. Nevertheless, as all men by nature and natural dignity are alike, but by accident some of them are of more esteem and worthiness than others: So

it is also with Angels, inasmuch as some of them (if we give credit to Philosophers) are appointed to attend the motion of the Heavens, others to repress the rage of Devils, as ap∣peareth Iob 8. Others have charge of preser∣vation of Kingdoms, and to keep under the rage of Tyrants, as is manifest Daniel 20. Some have charge of some particular Church, others of Apostles and Pastors, and others of private Persons, Psalm 91. And all of them are by Scripture said to be Ministring Spi∣rits.

Of this diversity of Functions, and several Administrations, it is thought (because some of these Off••ces are of higher imployment than others are) that some of them are sim∣ply called Angels, some Archangels, some Vertues, some Dominations, as St. Hierom expresly sheweth.

And albeit these heavenly Spirits be in their own Nature void of all corporeal or material Substance, yet is it certain, when it pleased God so to imploy them, they had assumpted Bodies for the time, to the end they might then more effectually accomplish the service that God had injoyned them. Such Bodies had the three Angels that appeared to Abraham, Gen. 18. Such Bodies also had the two Angels that came unto Lot, Gen. 19. And as God gave them Bodies for that time, so did he give them also the Faculties answerable to such Bo∣dies; viz. to walk, talk, eat, drink, and such like. These Bodies and bodily Faculties were given them, to the end they might more familiarly converse and discourse with the god∣ly, to whom they were sent, and the better perform the charge enjoyned them, insomuch as they did unfeignedly eat and drink, as Zan∣chius noteth; whereby they did the better conceal their proper Nature, until such time as they should make known unto men what they were indeed. Hereupon it seemeth the Ancients of fore-past Ages have used the bear∣ing of Angels in Coat-Armours, according to those bodily shapes and habits wherein they appeared unto men, as in Example.

[illustration]

The Field is Iupiter, an Angel volant in bend, pointing to the Hea∣vens with his right hand, and with his left to the Earth, habited in a Robe close girt, Sol: having a Scroll is∣suing from his mouth, containing these four Letters, G. I. E. D. The Letters do sig∣nifie the words uttered by the multitude of heavenly Souldiers that did accompany the Angel which brought unto the Shepherds the most joyful tidings of the birth of our blessed Saviour Jesus Christ, praising God, and saying, Gloria in excelsis Deo, & in terra pax: Glory to God on high, and on Earth peace. This Coat may well beseem any Ambassadour or bringer of happy news, especially such as first plant Religion in any Country; in which respect this our Nation hath been more glo∣rious, both in preserving and propagating the purity of Religion, than any other of the World.

[illustration]

The Field is Mars, an Angel standing di∣rect, with his hands conjoyned, and eleva∣ted upon his breast; ha∣bited in a long Robe close girt, Luna; his Wings display'd, as pre∣pared to ••••ie, Sol. A∣mongst the Coat-Ar∣mours of such as were assembled at the Coun∣cil of Constance, Anno Domini 1413. I find this Coat born by the Name of Brangor de Ce∣ruisia. Furthermore, amongst the persons there assembled, I find that the King of A∣rabia bare for his Coat an Archangel, couped at the breast, the wings display'd, and signed in the forehead with a Cross. And that Gi∣deon, Episcopus Pellicastrensis, did bear an Angel issuing out of the base of the Escocheon, with his hands conjoyned, and elevated on his breast, the wings display'd for readiness of flight.

[illustration]

He beareth Luna, upon a Chevron, Sa∣turn, three Angels kneeling, habited in long Robes close girt, with their hands con∣joyned and elevated as aforesaid, and their wings display'd, Sol. This Coat is said to be born by Maellock Krwm of Wales. And in∣deed this form of kneeling well fitteth the An∣gels, to shew their continual adoring of their Almighty King, in whose Chamber of Pre∣sence they daily wait: but that we should kneel to them, that themselves condemn in the Apocalyps: and St. Paul expresly forbid∣deth Angel-worship. And indeed a madness it is, when Christ commands us to pray, O our Father, that any should teach us to pray, O my Angel.

After Angels, Cherubims (whose use in Ar∣mory is less frequent) are to be handled. Of these I find two Examples of several bearing; the one out of Hieron. Bara, expressing the sole bearing of a Cherub: another out of Leigh, of a Cherub born upon an Ordinary: to which I have thought fit to add a Coat of Name, for a more manifest proof of their use in Arms, as also to shew that they are born as well

with Ordinaries between them, as upon Or∣dinaries.

[illustration]

He beareth Iupiter, a Cherub having three pair of wings, where∣of the uppermost and nethermost are coun∣terly crossed, and the middlemost display'd, Luna. As to the forms of those Cherubims that covered the Ark, it is of some holden, that they had the simi∣litude of certain Birds, such as never any man hath seen; but that Moses saw in his most blessed Vision such shapes upon the Throne of God. But Ioseph. Lib. Antiq. Iudaic. 8. saith, Hae Cherubicae effigies quanam specie fuerint nemo vel conjicere potest vel eloqui: Of what shape these Cherubims were, no mortal man can conjecture or utter.

[illustration]

He beareth Luna, on a Chief, Iupiter, a, Cherub display'd, Sol. The Cherubims were pourtraited with wings before the place where the Israelites prayed, to shew how speedily they went about the Lords business, Cherubim (according to Zanchius, lib. 2. de Nomini∣bus Angelorum) is not the name of any Or∣der of Angels, or Celestial Hierarchy (as o∣thers would have it) but such as may well a∣gree with all Angels: Nither doth that Name always signifie their Nature, or ordinary Of∣fice, but for a certain reason, even so long as they do appear to be such, as by those Names they are signified to be. And it is to be ob∣served, that Cherub betokeneth the singular Number, and Cherubim the plural Number.

[illustration]

The Field is Sable, a Chevron between 3 Cherubims, Or. This Coat pertained to the right worthy Gentle∣man, Sir Thomas Cha∣loner Knight, sometime Governour to the most High and Mighty Prince Henry, Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwal and Rothsay, and Earl of Chester; and is now born by Sir Edward Cha∣loner of Gisborough in the North-Riding of Yorkshire, Knight.

In our Division we distinguished these from Angels, because by most they are taken for a distinct Order above ordinary Angels, taking that Name from the fulness or abundance of Divine and Mystical Science. Thus have you Examples of Cherubims born, not only Sole, but also upon and with Ordinaries.

CHAP. II.

FRom things Natural that are meerly for∣mal, we come to such as are Natural and Material. Those are said to be Essences Material, that do consist of a Body subject to motion and alteration; Natura materiata est essentia in corpore motui obnoxio subsistens; A material Nature is an Essence subsisting in a Body subject to motion.

These are

• Simple.
• Mixt.

Simple, are certain Orbicular or Round Bo∣dies, or bodily Essences, originally consisting of an unmixed matter.

Of these some are

• Constant.
• Inconstant.

Those are said to be constant Natures which in respect of their perfection are of most last∣ing continuance; such are the Celestial Globes and the Stars.

The heavenly Spheres or Globes, are

• Ummoveable.
• Moveable.

The Unmoveable is holden to be that ut∣termost Sphere that glistereth so gloriously, as that it dazeleth the sharpest sight of man, and is called Caelum Empyreum, the fiery Heaven; whereof we shall be better able to judge and speak, when God shall bring us thither, and yet our Star-gazers will take upon them to talk so confidently and particularly of those in∣comprehensible Bodies, as if they had been there, and surveyed every corner thereof. This Celestial Globe (according to Scribonius) is the Mansion Place and Place of all the hea∣venly Natures, wherein the Angels, and o∣ther the blessed of God, do with endless joy behold the presence of Almighty God face to face. To this place (according to the same Author) were Enoch, Elias, and Paul rapt up before their deaths.

But now for more orderly progression here∣in, forasmuch as we have occasion here offer∣ed to speak of a Sphere, we will first shew what a Sphere is, and so proceed to the rest.

A Sphere is a figure or body exactly round of all parts, and void of all Angles and Corn∣ers. The spherical or round form is of all

other the most perfect, as also the most beau∣tiful, capable, and fit for motion, in as much as it is void of all corners, which might give impediment to moving, therefore is this form most agreeable to the Heavens and Celestial Bodies, which are evermore in continual and restless motion. It was requisite then, that the perfectest Body (such as the Heavens are) should receive the perfectest form, which is the orbicular or round figure. Figura Sphaerica (saith Aristotle, lib, de Coelo & Mundo) est omnium figurarum nobilior.

The motion of the Heavens is the most sin∣cere and unlaboured of all motions, Movetur enim sine labore, & fatigatione, Arist. de Coelo 2. As also it is said in Ecclesiast. 16. 26. The Lord hath set his works in good order from the beginning, and part of them be sundred from the other, when the first made them. He hath garnished his works for ever, and their beginning so long as they shall endure: they are not hungry, nor wearied in their labours, nor cease from their offices, Verse 27. A∣gain, None of them hindreth another, neither was any of them disobedient to his words, Verse 28. He buildeth his Spheres in the Heaven, and hath laid the foundations of the Globe of Elements in the Earth: he cal∣leth the waters of the Sea, and poureth them out upon the open Earth; the LORD is his Name, Amos 9. 6.

The matter whereof the Heavens are com∣posed, hath in it this natural property, not to be moved violently, neither yet naturally to rest. As the same Author testifieth in these words, Natura materiae Coeli est innatu non movere violenter, & non quiescere naturaliter, Lib. de Coelo: without intermission is the mo∣tion of the Heavens. Therefore are high and noble Spirits resembled to the Celestial Bodies according to Lipsius, Alti aethereique animi, ut ipse aether, semper gaudent motu: Men of etherial or heavenly Spir its cannot be idle, but are evermore in action, and exercise of things commendable and vertuous, being thereto moved and quickned by an honest and free dis∣position and affection of the will and desire of the mind: Omnia enim honesta opera (saith Seneca) voluntas inchoat, occasio perficit.

But vertue hardly receiveth her due merit at all seasons. Nevertheless, Saepe honorata est virtus, etiam ubi eam fefellit exitus.

The circular Motion receiveth beginning in it self, and hath the smoothest passage: for in all other forms you shall find Angels, either more or less, which do give impediments to motion, whereby they give occasion of some stay or rest (as I have said before). There∣fore it behooved, that the sincerest Body should be fitted with the simplest form and mo∣tion. In this kind of motion of the Hea∣vens, is signified the very eternity of God, wherein there is neither beginning nor ending to be found; and therefore it is rightly said by the Apostle, The invisible things of God are conceived and understood by his creatures: as also his Everlasting Power and Divine Es∣sence, whereof his visible works are the ex∣press Characters.

Mercurius Trismegistus in his description of God, resembleth him to a Sphere, saying, Deus est Sphaera, qui ratione sapientiaque comprehenditur, cujus centrum est ubique, circumferentia verò nusquam, &c. God is a Sphere that is apprehended by reason, whose center is every where, and his circumference no where. For God hath neither beginning nor ending: he wants beginning, because he was not made by any, but was himself the Creator of all things: And he is void of ending, by reason that he had no beginning: Nam quicquid finitur, in sua principiaresolvitur; Whatsoever hath an end, the same is resolv∣ed into that it was at the first.

As touching the Substance of the Heavens, Scribonius saith, that it is Corpus constans ex aqua, in firmissimam essentiam instar pellis extensae concameratum. It is a Body (saith he) consisting of Water, in the most solid Substance thereof spread out Vault-ways like a Skin.

Though it may seem to thee (courteous Reader) that I undertake a needless labour in manifesting that the glorious Heavens and Earth, were formed and framed by the most powerful God, a thing so frequent in the Sa∣cred Scriptures, and also so clear, as that no man can doubt thereof: yet give me leave for my own particular, who do labour to appre∣hend every occasion to publish the glory of the Eternal ••nd Omnipotent God (which is the main and principal end of our Creation) es∣pecially since the Order of my Method requi∣reth the same; and that bonum aliquod saepius repetitum delectat; Give me leave, I say, in this my latter impression, to reprove my self for my too much neglected duty in my former; that so, though very late, yet at the last, I may prefer the Glory of God before the Order of Method.

The Moveable Sphere of the Heaven is the Firmament. The Firmament is that continu∣al moving Heaven, which with his swift Re∣volution swayeth all the Inferiour Orbs, and is called in Latin Firmamentum (according to Scribonius) à firmitate, that is, of the sta∣bility thereof; meaning (as I conceive) ei∣ther the durable subsisting of it, or else the unmoveableness of the two Poles, Artick and Antartick: otherwise, one self same thing cannot be said to be moveable and constant, but in a diverse respect; even as an Iron∣wheel in a Clock, though still in motion, yet both in respect of the metalline solidity, and of the sure fastning to the Axle, it may be said to be Firm and Unmoveable. If any man bear a representation of the Heavens, in his Coat-Armour, whether the same have

the likeness of a Solid or Armil Sphere, they must be reduced to this head: of this kind did the famous Archimede chuse for his Device, who before his death, commanded that a Sphere should be engraven on his Sepulchre. And such a bearing is honourable for any great Professor of Astronomy, not such witless Wi∣zards and Fortune-tellers as usually deceive the World with their idle Predictions; but those Noble Spirits, whose Eagle-eyes search out the true Natures, Revolutions, and Proper∣ties of those Supernal Essences.

The regardful consideration of the Heavens and the Ornaments thereof, together with their certain and orderly motions, should mightily move and provoke us to raise up our thoughts, from the love and contemplation of base and earthly Objects (whereon we usual∣ly dote) to the admiration of his unspeaka∣ble power and love of his incomprehensible goodness, who made such a wonderful Archi∣tecture; first, to serve for our use in this life; and afterward, to be our blessed Palace and Mansion in a better life. For though all crea∣tures demonstrate the wisdom of their wonder∣ful Workmaster, yet the Heavens especially declare his glory, and the Firmament his han∣dy-work: which made the godly King David to rise out of his Bed in the night, to behold the Heavens, and thereby to call to mind the perversity of Man, which never keeps the course that God prescribeth, whereas those Bodies, though void of sense, yet from their first Creation never faltered in their endless journeys.

Now since I have demonstrated and laid open unto you what a Sphere is, the form, perfection, dignity, property, motion, sub∣stance thereof, and the like, I will now shew unto you an Example of a Shield, illustrated with manifold variety of Celestial Bodies, &c. which will be very necessary and commodious to be inserted in this place.

[illustration]

The Field is Or, a Sphere, Azure, beauti∣fied and replenished with manifold variety of Ce∣lestial Bodies, environing the Terrestrial Globe, all proper.

These were the Or∣naments wherewith the Shield of that famous and valiant Grecian Captain Achilles was il∣lustrated and garnished: Which he caused to be engraven therein, to the end that the mind of the beholders of them might be raised thereby to a considerate contemplation and meditation of the admirable power and wis∣dom of the Omnipotent Creator of them: Which duty whosoever performeth, he accom∣plisheth the sum and effect of all true Nobility.

This Shield did Vulcan garnish with variety of Stars of manifold kinds, and added thereto the skilful feats and practises, as well of Peace as of Wars, and all their rights and offices; omitting (in a manner) nothing pertaining to the well-governing of the Assemblies and Societies of Men.

By this invention did he labour to manifest unto us, than there is no Shield more power∣ful to resist the vehement and violent assaults of adverse Fortune; that for a man to be fur∣nished throughout with the compleat Armour of Cardinal Vertues, so shall he be fitted and prepared to sustain whatsoever brunt or forci∣ble encounter shall assail them.

If we shall compare this Shield of Achilles, thus garnished and furnished, with manifold varieties of things, both Celestial and Terre∣strial, with those Coat-Armours that consist of Lyons, Griffins, Eagles, and such other Animals, or ravenous Creatures, we shall find that to be more available to chase away and foil all passionate perturbations of the mind, occasioned by the concurrence of some sudden and unexpected danger, than any, or all of these together can be; by how much that com∣priseth a mixture of calamities and comforts together. For as the Globe of the Earth doth represent unto us the dreadful and dismal dan∣gers that attend our mortal state, by reason of the manifold mutability of things Sublunary, to the daunting (oftimes) of the most vali∣ant: so contrariwise, the Celestial forms do represent unto us an Antidote or Preservative against all dangerous events and accidents, when we call to mind that those Celestial pow∣ers, or rather Gods power in them, is able to divert or mitigate in a moment all harmful e∣vents and dangers whatsoever, be they never so deadly. For these Celestial Bodies are Gods mighty and strong Army, wherewith he often∣times discomfiteth and subdueth his Enemies, and such as seek the spoil and destruction of his chosen people: as we may see Iudges 5. 20. They fought from heaven, even the Stars in their courses fought against Sisera. The Sun stayed his course at the prayer of Joshua, 10. 12. And the Sun abode, and the Moon stood still, until the people avenged themselves upon their enemies, Verse 13. And there was no day like that before it, nor after it, that the Lord hearkned to the voice of man, for the Lord fought for Israel. And again, Ecclesiast. 46. 4. Stood not the Sun still by his means, and one day was as long as two, Verse 14.

By these visible forms we should be incited and provoked (upon their view) to invocate the most powerful God for his aid and delive∣rance, when we find our selves any way distressed or beset with perils by the Example of Ioshua: He called unto the most High Go∣vernour, when the Enemies pressed upon him on every side, and the mighty Lord heard him, and fought for him with Hailstones,

and with mighty power. So should we re∣ceive like comfort in all distresses, as Iosua did. Thus should their view put us evermore in mind, to raise our thoughts to Godward, and take every occasion to glorifie him, by in∣vocating him for his aid; and say with the Kingly Prophet David, I lift my eyes to the hills from whence cometh my help, &c. So should we evermore in all distresses find the comfort of his ever ready, and never failing promise and providence: For in all things, O Lord, thou hast magnified and glorified thy people, and hast not despised to assist them in every time and place, Wisdom 29. 21.

These kinds of Coat-Armours are so much more noble and excellent, than these that we receive by descent from our Progenitors (as remunerations of their vertuous demerits) by how much they have in them store of Art, witty Invention, and of efficacy to admonish and put us in mind to persist in the performance of our Duties.

This manner of adorning of Shields doth Aldrovandus commend above all other gar∣nishings, saying, Nihil aequè atque Philoso∣phia, ab omnibus adversis tuetur, nihil ejus explicatu aptius est ad scutum exornandum & honestius. There is nothing that doth so safely protect a man against the damage of adverse Fortune, as Philosophy doth, nei∣ther is there any thing more fit and seem∣ly to beautifie a Shield withal, than the ex∣planation thereof.

Emblems, Hieroglyphicks, and Ensigns of Noble Families, inasmuch as they do instruct our eyes unto vertue, they cannot be defaced or blemished without great wickedness: The reason thereof doth Farnesius give in these words, Cum virtutum imaginibus tantum de∣bemus, quantum mutis praeceptoribus: Si il∣lae tamen mutae dici possunt, quae in silentio omni Doctrinâ sunt verbosiora. Of all the things that are (saith Cicero) there is nothing in the world that is better, nothing more ex∣cellent, nothing more beautiful and glorious to behold, and not only that there is, but that nothing can be thought or imagined to be of more surpassing beauty than the world; where∣unto Lipsius annexeth this addition, examine the universality thereof, consider the great and small parts thereof, and you shall find them composed and compacted in such orderly sort, as that they cannot possibly be bettered for use, or more glorious to behold. The consideration whereof moved King David to break forth in admiration.

The Spherical Figure is of all other forms the fairest, the most capable, and the sim∣plest, and comprehendeth all other forms. In a Spherical Line the end is all one with the beginning, therefore it doth aptly agree with the noblest and perfectest Body, such as the Heavens are.

There is nothing that more apparently ex∣presseth the Spherical or round form of the Heavens, than doth the Sun by his Circular motion: The Sun, saith Solomon, Eccles. 1. 5. riseth and goeth down, and draweth to his place where he riseth.

To the most simple body, the simplest mo∣tion is due, as also the simplest form and shape.

Those things are said to be moved with∣out labour, which are moved without any intermission or rest, or any appetite or desire of rest; such is the motion of the Heavens, be∣cause they are Circular or Round: in the Cir∣cular motion there is no rest at all.

That the World is Orbicular or Round, it is manifest by the infallible testimony of the Prophet David, Psalm 89. The heavens are thine, the earth also is thine, thou hast laid the foundation of the round world, and all they that dwell therein, Psalm 24. 1. The Orbicular form that we observe to be in Cele∣stial Bodies is to them natural, but accidental to the Elements: according to that saying, Figura Sphaerica in Coelestibus essentialiter, in Elementis verò accidentaliter. Arist. 1. de Coelo.

A Star (which is next to be considered af∣ter the Heaven) is a permanent and constant Essence, and the more condensat or compact∣ed part of the Sphere, wherein it is fixed, for the illuminating of Inferiour Bodies: for albeit it be an usual distinction, that of Stars some are fixed, and some are planetary or wandring, yet they are indeed all fixed alike, and setled in one certain part of the Sphere, but in respect of our eye, and in reference of their motions one of another, they have a di∣verse aspect, and so have gotten a diverse name. It is holden that the fixed Stars are discerned by their sparkling or twinckling, by reason that our sight being bound as it were by the forcibleness of their resplendent rays, our eyes do become wavering and trembling in be∣holding them; and for this cause ought all Stars to be made with their rays or points wa∣ved, as in Example.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Star, Argent, by the Name of Ingleby. If this Star were born Or, which is his pro∣per Colour, it would add much more grace unto it, especially in regard of the Azury Field, the proper Co∣lour of the Heavens, wherein Stars have their natural Mansion. For a Star, saith Farnesius, is a Mystical Character, or Figure of God, to whom all Worship and Religion doth proper∣ly appertain; for like as Stars are called in La∣tin Stellae, a Stando, because they be ever∣more fixed in the Firmament: so there is no∣thing

more constant or of more perpetuity than God, whose sacred Will is the regular di∣rection of all things whatsoever; and there∣fore may it be said not unfitly, that they signi∣fie God and Religion, or otherwise some e∣minent quality shining above the ruder sort of men, as a Star in the obscurity of the night.

Now the chiefest, but not the sole end, of the Creation of Stars, was not alone to give light, and with their influence to be assisting to the Sun and Moon, in their procreation, producti∣on, and fructification of the Seeds, Sets, Plants, and Herbs committed to the Earth; but also to the designation and foreshewing of times and seasons, like as the Sun and Moon were, as shall be shewed in place convenient hereaf∣ter. As for Example; The rising of the Star Arcturus, placed near to the Bear, called Vrsa Major, or the greater Bear, denoteth unto us the presence of the Spring.

This Star sheweth it self after the expirati∣on of Ianuary and February, as a manifest note of the beginning of the Spring, when the Sun entreth the sign of Aries.

The rising of the Pleiades or seven Stars doth demonstrate unto us that the Harvest Season is at hand; and so forth of others. We may read hereof Iob 38. where he speaketh of the influence of these and of other Stars.

The most part of all the Stars are, as it were, publishers and proclaimers to admo∣nish us what we ought to do in each season concerning the things serving for the use of this present life.

Stars are Gods Instruments whereby he worketh the effects of his Providence in these Inferiour Bodies; Instrumento autem utitur Artifex pro suo Arbitrio; An Artificer useth his Tool at his pleasure, and to serve his will. In vain therefore are the predictions of them that take upon them to foretell of things con∣tingent, and that shall come to pass in future time; and will confidently affirm what good or evil fortune shall befall a man: A thing that is only known to the secret will of God, and resteth in his Divine Providence to dispose thereof at his good pleasure; as appeareth Prov. 20. 24.

As to the number of points whereof a Star consisteth, we must observe, they must never be fewer than six; but when the same is form∣ed of more, then must you in blazoning of them express their certain number: for some∣times you shall find a Star formed of Six∣teen points, as in this next Example shall appear.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Star of sixteen points, by the Name of Huitson, and is the Coat-Armour of Iohn Huitson of Cleas∣by in the County of York, Esq one of the Captains of the Cauld∣strem Regiment of Foot Guards to his Majesty K. Charles the Second.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Star of sixteen points, Gules, by the Name of Delahay. The Field of a Coat-Armour (as some men do hold) being Ar∣gent or White, doth signifie Literature, and the Charge surmounting the same being Gules or Red, which is an Imperial Colour, and is sometimes per Synecdochen, taken (as the thing signified) for the sign it self that is thereby represented: And white, being a token of Justice (is in such a Case) sur∣mounted of Red, which is proper to Forti∣tude, betokeneth, as they do conceit it, Learn∣ing, which giveth place to Arms; and not Arms to Learning. This did the Poets secret∣ly express, when they preferred Pallas to be the Governess of Learning; and Mars, be∣ing a man, to the managing of Martial affairs; whom they would have to receive the deno∣mination of Mars, A magnitudine Artis.

The excellency of the Stars is highly com∣mended, Eccles. 43. 9. where speaking of the glorious beauty of their Order and Constellati∣ons, it is said, That it is a Camp pitched on high, shining in the Firmament of Heaven. The beauty of the Heavens are the glorious Stars, and the Ornament that shineth in the high places of the Lord. By the command∣ment of the holy One they continue in their or∣der, and fail not in their watch. And the particular Stars (saith David) God calleth by their names; as likewise doth patient Iob remember the titles of several Constellati∣ons.

Stars are sometimes found pierced, and other whiles charged; for the difference of which two forms of bearing, you have had a Rule formerly delivered. Moreover, it is a Rule infallible, That the piercing of Stars must be evermore round; for the piercing square, and Losenge-ways, are repugnant to the nature of Stars. Here I will give you a general Obser∣vation touching bearing of Ordinaries and common Charges together.

That in the mixt bearing of Ordinaries and Common Charg∣es together, all Common Charg∣es may be, and are born	In, upon, or with	Chief,	or one Common Charge, in, upon, or with another.
Pale,
Bend,
Fess,
Chevron,
Barr,
Gyron,
Cross,
Saltire,
Orle,

This General Rule I have thought good to set down in this place, here being my first en∣trance into the handling of common Charges, and where their mixt bearing with Ordinaries is first mentioned, to the end that the same may serve as the stern of a Ship to direct your understanding, touching such interposed bear∣ing of any of the common Charges with Or∣dinaries; because I labour to shun all idle itera∣tions and multiplicity of unprofitable Exam∣ples, tending to one and the same end. This form of bearing shall you find dispersedly, yet not confusedly, exemplified in this Work, that will give approbation to the generality of this note, which doth not warrant this form of bearing alone in these, but also generally in all other Coat-Armours of like kind. Of these several forms of bearing, I have chosen some particular Examples, as in these next Es∣cocheons, and others, shall follow in their pro∣per places.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Star of eight points, between two Flanches, Ermyn, on a Canton, Argent, a Sinister hand, couped at the Wrist, Gules. This is the Coat-Armour of Sir Iohn Hobart of Blick∣inge in the County of Norfolk, Knight and Baronet, Heir-male to Sir Henry Hobart Knight and Baronet, Chief Ju∣stice of the Common Pleas, who was descend∣ed from the second Son of Sir Iames Hobart of Hales-hall in the said County, Attorney Ge∣neral to King Henry the Seventh. Stars are numbred amongst the Host of Heaven, for that it pleaseth God sometimes to execute his Ven∣geance upon the wicked, with no less dreadful destruction by them than by numerous and mi∣litant Armies, as appeareth by the place of Scripture by me formerly cited, Iudges 5. As touching the colour of Stars, I hold it sufficient to name them only when they be born proper∣ly, and in their natural colour, which is Or; but if they be of any other colour, then the same must be named. As for the Canton thus charged, it being an augmentation or remu∣neration given by our late Dread Soveraign King Iames, to such as his Majesty advanced to the Dignity of Baronet (it being an Or∣der and Degree by him erected,) One of which number was Sir Henry Hobart, Knight and Baronet, and late Lord Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, Father to this Sir Iohn Hobart. I shall have better occasion to speak thereof in the sixth Section, and second Chapter. When I come to treat of such Ar∣morial Signs, as by the Soveraigns favour are sometimes assigned for Augmentations.

[illustration]

He beareth Ermyn, on a Chief indented, Gules, three Stars, by the Name of Escourte. When you find any Ordinary charged upon the Field (having no other Charge, as in this Example) you must reckon their Charging to be a Dignity unto them, forasmuch as they are deemed to be thereby greatly ho∣noured. In regard whereof they are called Honourable Ordinaries. Like as this Chief is charged, so shall you find the Bend, Chevron, Fess, Saltire, Barr, and all other the before∣mentioned Ordinaries, charged upon, as be∣fore we observed, and hereafter shall ap∣pear.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, three Stars, a Canton, Ermyn, by the Name of Leverton. Here I do name three Stars, as if the Canton were away, as well to the end that the manner of their position may be perfectly understood by such Blazon; as also to shew that the Can∣ton doth not rebate the Star in the Dexter point, but only doth surmount the same.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, an Escocheon, Argent, between eight Stars in Orle. This Coat was born by Sir Iohn Cham∣berlain of Priesthury, in the County of Glo∣cester•• Knight; and is now born by Iohn Chamberlain of Mau∣gersbury; and by Thomas Chamberlain of Od∣dington, both of the said County, Esquires. These Stars are said to be born in Orle, or Orle∣ways; but they cannot be properly said to be an Orle of Stars, because they have no con∣nexion to fasten them together, but are born severally and apart one from another.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, ten Stars, four, three, two, and one, Or, by the name of Alstone. This, with the Arms of Vlster, is the bearing of Sir Tho∣mas Alstone of Odell in Bedfordshire, Knight and Baronet, and of Sir Iohn his Brother, Knight: As also of that Eminent Physician Dr. Edward Alstone.

[illustration]

The Field is Dia∣mond, a Fess wavy be∣tween the two Pole Stars, Artick and An∣tartick, Pearl. Such was the worth of this most generous and re∣nowned Knight, Sir Francis Drake, some∣time of Plymouth, as that his merits do require that his Coat-Ar∣mour should be expressed in that selected man∣ner of Blazoning, that is fitting to Noble Per∣sonages, in respect of his noble Courage and high Attempts atchieved, whereby he meri∣ted to be reckoned the Honour of our Nation and of Naval Profession; inasmuch as he cut∣ting thorow the Magellanick Straits, Anno Domini 1577. within the compass of three years he encompassed the whole World; whereof his Ship, laid up in a Dock near Deptford, will long time remain, as a most worthy Monument. Of these his Travels a Poet hath thus sung:

Drake, pererrati novit quem terminus orbis, Quemque semel Mundi vidit uterque Polus. Si taceant homines, facient te Sydera notum, Sol nescit comitis non memor esse sui. The worlds surveyed bounds, brave Drake, on thee did gaze, Both North and Southern Poles have seen thy manly face; If thankless men conceal, thy praise the Stars will blaze, The Sun his Fellow-travellers worth will duly grace.

This Coat, with the Arms of Vlster, is now born by his descendant, Sir Francis Drake of Buckland Monachorum in Devonshire, Baro∣net.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent; a Fess between three Stars, Gules, by the Name of Everard. The three Stars ex∣pressed in this Escoche∣on•• may put us in mind of that threefold path of Religious passage un∣to the heavenly Canaan, viz. Moderation and Sobriety towards our selves, Piety towards God, and Justice towards men.

The Stars may signifie unto us a hopeful success and happy event, in the turbulent time of tempestuous flaws and turmoils of this present life.

Like as in the Winter season the Stars shine more clear and resplendent than in the Summer time; even so is the glory and vertue of a ge∣nerous and magnanimous spirit more evident∣ly discerned in a shattered and broken estate, than in prosperity.

Whensoever there is a separation of com∣mon Charges born in Coat-Armours, by reason of the Interposition of some of the before mentioned Ordinaries, then are they not term∣ed Ordinaries, but most worthy Partitions; and they are such (saith Leigh) as though the common Charge annexed do occupy more than one point of the Escocheon, yet every of them is in as great effect as though it were one only thing, by the reason of Soveraignty of the same Partition interposed.

Thus I have given you a taste of the parti∣cular and variable manner of bearing of Or∣dinaries commixt with common Charges, ac∣cording to the General Rule formerly given. As for Example, that common Charges are born with Ordinaries, you may see in the first and third of these six Escocheons: That they be born upon Ordinaries, it is manifest by the second Escocheon: That they are parted by Ordinaries interposed between them, it ap∣peareth by these last Escocheons: That they are born in form of Ordinaries, or Ordinary∣ways, it is clear by the fourth Escocheon. Note, that albeit I have here set down but one Example of each of these particular forms of

bearing, yet must you hold that in every of these several sorts there are divers other parti∣cular kinds of composition of Coat-Armours, as shall appear hereafter at large unto the dili∣gent Observer. Furthermore, whereas I have given only two Examples of common Charges born with Ordinaries, one Example of Ordi∣naries charged upon, one of Ordinaries inter∣posed, and one of common Charges born Or∣dinary-ways, or in form of Ordinaries; you must understand by the first sort, all common Charges whatsoever, born with a Pale, Bend, Fess, Chevron, or any other of the Ordinaries before-named in any sort by the second: all sorts of Ordinaries charged upon, with any kind of common Charge: by the third, an in∣terposition of whatsoever sort of Ordinary be∣tween common Charges. Lastly, by the fourth, you must understand all sorts of common Charges born in form, or after the manner of a Cross, Saltire, Pale, Bend, Fess, or of any other of the said Ordinaries. These have I here handled briefly, because I must of necessity deal more copiously in each particular of them in places better fitting thereunto.

CHAP. III.

THus far of such Stars which we called fixed: Now of those Planets whose shapes are of most use in Heraldry; I mean those two glorious Lights, the one for the Day, the other for the Night: for, as for the other five Planets, because their aspect is less to the view, therefore they cannot easily admit a different form from the fixed Stars. The Sun is the very fountain of Light, and (as some Philosophers think) of Heat also; and all the splendor which the Moon hath, it borroweth from the Sun, and therefore as the Sun goeth farther off, or nearer to her, so her light doth increase or diminish. And be∣tween both these and the Stars there is a great conformity, in respect of their sparkling and resplendent beams, which are in appearance more evident, and in operation more effectual, or at least more palpably discerned in these, by reason of their nearness unto us, than of those that are from us so far remote. But here∣in they are unlike, that the beautiful and blazing brightness of these is oftentimes sub∣ject to the passion of darkning or eclipsing. Of whose glistering, eclipsing, and variety of forms, we have bearing, these and other like Examples following.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Sun in his glory, by the Name of S. Cleere. To express the Colour of the Sun, being thus born, I hold it needless; for who knoweth not that the chiefest glory and highest commenda∣tion that may be given to the Sun doth consist in this, that he is beau∣tified with the brightness of his proper beams: which cannot be better expressed than by the Colour Gold, or Gold-yellow. But if it be born of any other than this, which is his na∣tural colour, then must the same be expresly mentioned, as in due place shall appear. The Sun is called in Latin Sol, according to some Authors, Vel quia solus ex omnibus sideri∣bus est tantus, vel quia cùm est exortus, ob∣scuratis aliis solus apparet: for that only he is so great, or for that when he is risen, he so darkneth all the rest with his splendor, as that he alone appeareth in Heaven, as a Monarch in his Kingdom. Of the glory and excellency of the Sun, it is said, Ecclus. 42. 16. The Sun that shineth, looketh on all things, and all the works thereof are full of the glory of the Lord. And again, Ecclus. 43. 2. The Sun also, a marvelous instrument, when he appeareth declareth at his going out the work of the most High. At Noon it burneth the Country, and who may abide the heat thereof? Verse 3. The Sun burneth the Mountains three times more than he that keepeth a Furnace with continu••l heat. It casteth out the fiery vapours, and with the shining beams blindeth the eyes. Great is the Lord that made it, and by his command∣ment he causeth it to run hastily. And if we consider how many foggy mists it dispelleth, how many noisome vapours ••t consumeth, and how all Creatures are overcome with the heat thereof, we shall find that King David did very aptly compare it to a Giant (for strength) refreshed with wine, (for the heat) to run his course, for his swift motion.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Chief, Argent, on the lower part thereof a Cloud, the Suns re∣splendent Rays there∣out issuing, Proper, by the Name of Lesone in Northamptonshire. The former Example where∣in the Sun is born, doth represent a visible form of a corporeal shape of a Body, from which these Rays or Beams here demonstrated may be apparently seen to issue; And these are as it were strained through a Cloud. Sometime one Ray or Beam of this

glorious Planet is born in Coat-Armour, with∣out any other Charge, as in this next Exam∣ple.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, one Ray of the Sun, issuing out of the Dex∣ter corner of the Esco∣cheon Bend-ways, pro∣per, by the Name of Aldam. Here I do not in the Blazon make any mention of the three points or lines which are on either side of the Ray, for in Nature they have no Essence, but proceed from the weak∣ness of the Eye, which is not able to behold so glorious an object as the Sun.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a Sun eclipsed, Sable. If this Colour were not accidental in respect of the eclipse of the Sun, the same should not have been named. The Suns eclipse is occasion∣ed by the Interposition of the Moon, which though it be far less in quantity, yet coming betwixt us and the Body of the Sun, it doth di∣vert the Beams thereof, and debarreth us of the sight of them, even as the interposition of our hand, or any other small body, before our eyes, doth debar us from the sight of some greater Mountain. For to think that the Sun doth lose his light by the Eclipse, as doth a Candle being extinct, proceedeth out of meer rustick ignorance: as the like error is in those who think the Sun loseth his light, or goeth to Bed every night, whereas it doth only remove it self from our Horizon, to enlighten other Countries situated in other parts of the world. As was well expressed by Secundus the Phi∣losopher, who being demanded by Adrian the Emperour what the Sun was, taking his Table in hand, wrote in this manner; Sol est Coeli oculus, caloris circuitus, splendor sine oc∣casu, diei ornatus, horarum distributor: It is the eye of Heaven, the circuit of heat, a shining without decay, the days ornament, the hours distributor. The most miraculous E∣clipse of the Sun that ever was, happened then when the Sun of Righteousness, the Son of God, was on the Cross, when all the Earth was so benighted at Noon-day, that Dio••isius Aeropagita a Heathen Athenian, cryed out, Either the World was at an end, or the Maker of it was suffering some great Agony. The Stars and Planets hitherto spoken of do shine alike, or after one manner. Now others there are which shine after a divers sort: such are the Moon and Comets, which we call Blazing Stars. Neither are we ignorant, that in proper speech, and truth of Philosophy, Comets are not Stars, but Meteors: yet the Vulgar Opinion, and the received name and shape used in Heraldry, may warrant me for thus ranking them amongst the Stars. But as touching the Moon, her Light is meerly reflective, as the brightness of a Looking-glass against the Sun; and in re∣spect that her substance is very unequal, as in some parts of thicker substance, and in some parts thinner, therefore she is unequally en∣lightned by the Sun-beams, which maketh the weak eye, and weaker judgment, to fancy a face of a man in the Moon: whence-we have gotten the fashion of representing the Moon with a face. But why the Sun should have the like, I wot not; unless it be that he should not be out-faced by the Moon, being his inferiour. The most wise and provident God, before the Creation of his other works, did first create the Light, to teach man to lay the first foundation of all his actions in the light of true knowledge, thereby to direct his ways aright, and that his doings be not reproved as works of darkness: especially since God would not suffer the Night it self to be so wrapt in darkness, but that the Moon and Stars should somewhat illuminate it. And according to the divers apparitions of the Moon, hath she her divers denominations in Heraldry; as her Increment, in her increase; her Complement, when she is at full; her De∣crement, in her waning; and her Detriment, in her Change and Eclipse. And according to these varieties, is she also diversly born in Coat-Armour, as the Examples following will shew.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, an Incressant, Or, by the Name of Descus. This is the state of the Moon from her en∣trance into her first Quarter, which is most usually the seventh day after the Change, unto her full. In which time she is more and more illuminated, until she hath filled her Circle. This word Incressant signifieth the Moons Increment, or increasing estate; and it may fitly represent the rising Fortunes of some hopeful Spark, illightned and honoured by the gracious aspect and beams of his Soveraign, who is the bright Sun and Fountain of all the Light of glorious Nobility, and may confer the Rays of his Grace on whom it best pleaseth him.

[illustration]

He beareth Ermyn, three Incressants, Gules. This Coat pertained to the Family of the Symmes of Daventree, in the County of Nor∣thampton.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Moon in her Comple∣ment (which is as much as to say, the Moon il∣lustrated with her full light) Proper. Here you need not to name the Colour of the Moon for the Reason before delivered in the first Ex∣ample of the Sun. The proper Colour of the Moon we in Heraldry take to be Argent, both for the weakness of the light, and also for distin∣ction betwixt the Blazoning of it and the Sun: and therefore when we Blazon by Planets, we name Gold Sol, and Silver Luna. Concern∣ing the use of the Moon, it is said, Eccles. 43. 6. The Moon also hath he made to appear ac∣cording to her season, that it should be a de∣claration of the Time, and a sign for the World, Verse 7. The Feasts are appointed by the Moon, the light thereof diminisheth unto the end, Verse 8. The Moon is called after the name thereof, and groweth wonderful in her changing. The Moon is the Mistress by which all moist, mutable, and unconstant things are ruled; as Mulier, Mare, Flumina, Fontes; a Woman, and the Sea, Rivers and Fountains; the ebbing and flowing of the Sea following the motions of the Moon.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Moon decressant, Pro∣per, by the Name of Delaluna. This is the state of the Waning Moon, when she de∣clineth from her Full, and draweth to her last Quarter, which is accomplished most commonly the seventh day after she hath at∣tained the Full, and receiveth a diminution of her light, to the wasting of the one half thereof; and from the said seventh day after her Full, she diminisheth continually more and more, until she become again (as many honest men are) corniculata, sharp-horned, and suffereth continually diminution unto the instant of her Change; and differeth from her prime state after the Change, only in this, that the first (represented by the first of these Ex∣amples) is turned to the right hand of the Escocheon, and this other to the left. And hitherto I have proposed Examples of her na∣tural aspects, you shall now see her accidental form; as in Example.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Moon in her detriment, or Eclipse, Sable. The Moon is Eclipsed only at such time as she is at her full state, and dia∣metrically opposite unto the Sun; when by in∣terposition of the Earth between them, she seem∣eth to our sight, for the time, to be deprived of her light, through the shadow of the gross body of the earth. This is a passive form of the Moon; and such her Passions are called in Latin, Labores Lunae, the throws or pangs of the Moon. In former time the old Ger∣mans thought the Moon was in a Trance, and used to shout and make a noise with Basons, to wake her: Or else they supposed she was angry with them, and therefore they howled till she looked chearfully on them again. Of this mutable state of the Moon, thus writeth the Poet:

Nec par aut eadem nocturnae forma Dianae, Esse potest usquam, semper hodierna sequente:

Dame Cynthia imitates the Dames of our Nation; Every day she attires her self in a new fashion.

Which occasioned a witty Moral related by Plutarch (as I think) how on a time the Moon sent for a Taylor to make her a Gown, but he could never fit her, for it was either too little, or too big for her; which was not the Taylors fault, but her own inconstancy: so impossible a thing it is to fit the humours of one that is fickle and unstable.

Sometimes you shall find all these several kinds of Lights before expressed, born toge∣ther in one Escocheon; as in Example.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, the Sun, the Full Moon, and the Seven Stars, Or, the two first in Chief, and the last of Orbicular form in base. It is said that this Coat-Armour pertained to Iohannes de Fontibus, sixth Bishop of Ely; who had that (after a sort) in his Escocheon, which Ioseph had in his Dream, Gen. 37. 9. where the Sun, Moon, and eleven Stars did do him reverence; signi∣fying

his Father, Mother, and eleven Brethren. For as in Scripture, so in Heathenish Devo∣tions also, the Sun and Moon were account∣ed the Male and Female, and sometimes Man and Wife; and as the Moon hath all her light from the Sun, so hath the Wife from the Husband; and as the Moon is ever lighter on that side which looks towards the Sun, so should the Wife study to be fairest in her Hus∣bands eye. And many Wives in their Hus∣bands absence do truly imitate the Moon in this, that they are lightest when their Sun is farthest from them. Howsoever this marriage betwixt Sun and Moon was made up, it is cer∣tain that once the Banes were forbidden; as appeareth by one, who speaking of Queen Maries days, and of her Marriage, relateth, how when the Sun went first a woing to the Lady Moon, all Nations (especially those of hot Countries) preferred a Petition to Iupiter, to hinder the Nuptials, alledging, that there then being but one Sun, yet he scorched and burned all, but if he should marry, and get other Suns, the heat would so increase, as all must needs perish: whereupon Iupiter stayed the match for that time, or at least, was so propitious, that no issue came of the conjun∣ction of those fiery flames. The several states of the Moon increasing and decreasing before handled, are now very rare in bearings, and in manner antiquated: inasmuch as in these days, not only their shapes, but their very names also are extinct, and instead of them we have another new coyned form, having neither the name, shape, nor yet so much as the shadow of the former remaining, as may be seen in the next Escocheon.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Cressant, Argent, by the Name of Lucy, and is born by Lucas Lucy of the City of London, Merchant.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, three Cressants, Or, by the Name of Rider, and is the Coat-Ar∣mour of Thomas Rider of Bednal-Green in Middlesex, Esq Son and Heir of Sir Willi∣am Rider of the said place, Kt. deceased.

Gules, three Cressants, Or, by the Name of Munnings, and is born by William Munnings of Waldarshire in Kent, Esquire.

Argent, three Cressants, Gules, by the Name of Butuillain of Northamptonshire. At this day we take no notice of any other form, ei∣ther of the increasing or decreasing Moon, but only of this depraved shape, which corrupt Custom hath rashly hatched, as a form much differing from those before exemplified, if not meerly repugnant to nature. The Patricians of Rome used to wear the Badge of the Moon on their shoes: as these Cressants are, some∣times the sole Charge of the Field, as in this Escocheon, so they are born upon, and be∣tween the honourable Ordinaries, as in these Examples following.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Fess, Ermyn, between three Cressants, Or, by the Name of Coventry, and is the Paternal Coat Armour of the Right Honourable Hen∣ry Coventry Esquire, his Majesties Principal Se∣cretary of State, son to the Right Honourable Thomas Lord Coventry, Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England, Tempore Caroli Pri∣mi.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Fess Nebule, between three Cressants, Er∣myn, by the Name of Weld and is the Pa∣ternal Coat-Armour of Humphrey Weld of Lulworth-Castle in Dorsetshire, Esquire, Governour of his Ma∣jesties Isle and Castles of Portland and Sandsfoot; lineally descend∣ed from Edrick Sylvaticus, aliàs Wild (a Saxon of great Renown in the Reigns of King Harold and William the Conquerour) whose Father Alfrick was Brother to Edrick of Stratton, Duke of Mercia.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Chevron between 3 Cressants, Or, by the Name of Palmer, and with the Arms of Vl∣ster, is the Coat-Ar∣mour of Sir Lewis Palmer of Carleton in Northamptonshire, Ba∣ronet, son and heir of Sir Geffrey Palmer of the said Place, Knight and Baronet, deceased, late Attorney General to his Majesty King Charles the Second.

[illustration]

Sable, a Chevron Er∣myn between three Cressants, Argent, by the Name of Glover, and is born by Mr. Tho∣mas Glover of the Ci∣ty of London, Mer∣chant.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Chevron between two Cressants in Chief, and a Trefoil slipped in base, Or, by the Name of Westerne, and is born by Thomas We∣sterne of the City of London, Gent.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, on a Chief indented, Sable, three Cressants, Argent, by the Name of Har∣vey, a Family of good eminency, and is now born by Harvey of Comb-Nevil in Sur∣rey, Esq Son and Heir of Sir Daniel Harvey of the said place Knight, deceased, late Ambassadour for his Majesty King Charles the Second, to the Grand Seig∣niour.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Chief, Vert, three Cressants of the Field, by the Name of Symp∣son, and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Iohn Sympson of the Inner-Temple, London, Esq Judge of the Sheriffs Court for the Poultrey Compter in Guild-hall, London, descended from the ancient Family of the Sympsons of the North.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Chevron between three Cressants, Ar∣gent, on a Canton, Sa∣ble, a Dove with an Olive Branch in her Bill, all Proper, by the Name of Walker, and is born by Thomas Wal∣ker of the Inner Tem∣ple, London, Esquire, (sometime Comptroller of the said Society) Son of Thomas Walker of Warwickshire, Esq who was descended from an ancient Family in the County of Leicester by his Mother from Sir Thomas Chamberlain of Prestbury in Glocester∣shire, Kt. who was Ambassadour to King Hen∣ry the Seventh, and Eighth, Edward the Sixth, and Queen Mary; and he was the first that brought Coaches into England: which Family is descended from Count Tankerville in Normandy. The said Thomas Walker, the Bearer hereof, is now married to Elizabeth Games, Daughter and Coheir of Hoo Games of Newton in Brecknockshire, Esq who is de∣scended from Sir David Gam, who was im∣ployed by King Henry the Fifth to view the French Army before the Battel of Agincourt, who brought word to the King, That there were enough to kill, enough to run away, and enough to be taken Prisoners: which succeed∣ed accordingly. Sir Walter Raleigh, in his History of the World, makes mention of this Story, and compares him to Mago, Hannibals Brother. In the said Expedition, the said Sir David took the Duke of Nevers Prisoner; for which good Service he had his Arms given him, and was made a Knight Banneret in the Field: This Story Dreyden, in his History of the Battel of Agincourt, treats of at large. From Gladdice de Gam, Daughter of Sir David Gam, are descended the present Mar∣quis of Worcester, and the Earl of Pembroke, with several other of the Nobility. The Fa∣mily of the Gams is descended from Tewdor the great King of South-wales, where the said Family is of that repute, that those that marry into them do frequently assume for their Christian Name their Surname, viz. Gam, or Games.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, three Stars issuant out of as many Cressants, ••ules, by the Name of Bate∣man, and is born by Mr. Matthew Bateman of the City of London, one of the Members of the East-India Company.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, on a Fess indented, Azure, three Stars, Argent, a Canton of the second, charged with a Sun in his Glory, by the Name of Thompson, and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Wil∣liam Thompson of the City of London, Knight: and by Iohn Thompson of Haversham in Buck∣inghamshire, Esquire.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Cressant, Argent, with∣in an Orle of Mullets pierced, Or, a Bordure of the last, by the Name of Burton, and with a due difference is born by Thomas Burton of the City of London, Esq.

[illustration]

He beareth Ermyn, on a Chief, Sable, three Cressants, Or, by the Name of Preston of Suffolk; as appeareth in divers ancient Books remaining in the Office of Arms. Concerning the Chief and Furs de∣monstrated in this Coat-Armour, I have elsewhere at large spoken of them in their proper places.

The other sort of Stars, that do shine after a diverse sort, are those that we call Comets or Blazing Stars, whose Form is commonly as in this next Escocheon is represented.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Blazing Star, or Comet, streaming in Bend, pro∣per. The Comet is not of an Orbicular shape, as other the Ce∣lestial Natures are; but doth protract his light in length like to a Beard, or rather di∣late it in the midst like a hairy bush, and grow∣ing thence Taper-wise, after the manner of a Fox-tayl; and it doth contract his substance or matter from a slimy Exhalation, and hath not his being from the Creation: neither is it numbred amongst the things Natural menti∣oned in the History of Genesis, but is Aliquid praeter naturam; and yet placed with the hea∣venly Bodies, because they seem to us to be of that kind. They are supposed to prognosti∣cate dreadful and horrible events of things to come: Whereupon Lucan saith,

Ignota obscurae viderunt Sidera noctes, Ardentem{que} polum flammis, coeloque volantes Obliquas per inane faces, crinemque timendi Sideris, & terris minitantem Regna Com••tam.

In sable nights new Stars of uncouth sight, And fearful flames all o're the Heavens ap∣pear, With fiery Drakes, and Blazing-bearded∣light, Which fright the World, and Kingdoms threat with fear.

CHAP. IV.

SO much of the first Member of the Distri∣bution before delivered, viz. of Con∣stant Essences, which are only those Celestial Creatures, which being void of this corrupt mixture that is found in all Crea∣tures Sublunary, have a priviledge by Divine appointment from the mutability whereto all things under the Moon are subject. Now come we to that other Member thereof, namely, such as are Inconstant Natures, so far forth as there is use of them in Arms. Inconstant Na∣tures are bodily Essences of small continuance by reason of their ignoble or base substance; such are the four Elements, viz. Fire, Air, Wa∣ter, and Earth.

Fire, Winters treasure: Water, Somers pleasure. But the Earth and Air, none can ever spare.

Elements are simple Essences of small stabi∣lity, and the womb of all mixt things (as Scri∣bo••••us noteth) and according to some Authors called Elementa ab alendo, of nourishing: but Saint Hierom calleth Elementa, quasi Eleva∣menta, for their proportionable mixture in the composition of the Bodies Sublunar, whereby they are made fit for Motion: Of these Ele∣ments these Examples next following having a representation.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, seven Firebrands ••lam∣mant and Scintillant, proper. Some Writers do a••••irm that none of the Mechanical Trades were found out by men before they had fire, which being at the last obtained, and the use thereof known, from thenceforth were produced all manner of Arts behoveful for mans use, and through assistance of Fire, they did daily put in practise some new invention and experimental proof, where∣by they attained their perfection of skill. Yet if we weigh the manifold mischiefs that some∣times come by Fire, we might doubt, whether the good or the hurt thereby insuing be great∣er. For both Fire and Water are good Ser∣vants, but unruly Masters.

Fire in the Scriptures is often taken for a special token of Gods favour, and that he is pleased with the Sacrifices that are done un••o him; as when he answereth (as it were by Fire) like as we read Iudges 6. 21. Then the Angel of the Lord put out the end of his staff that he held in his hand, and touched the flesh and unlevened bread, and there arose up Fire out of the stones, and consumed the flesh and un∣levened bread, &c. And as when Eliah con∣tended with the Prophets of Baal, touching

the manifestation of the true God: Then the fire of the Lord fell, and consumed the Burnt-offerings, and the wood, and the stones, and the dust, and licked up the water that was in the trench, 1 Kings 18. 38. And again, When Solomon had made an end of praying, Fire came down from Heaven and consumed the Burnt-offerings, and the Sacrifices, and the glory of the Lord filled the House, 2 Chron. 7. 1.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Chevron, Sable, be∣tween three flames of Fire, proper. This Coat standeth in the Church of Barkley in the County of Glocester, in a Window on the South side of the same.

The Chevron being (as we before have said) a memorial and to∣ken of Building, it may seem the Heralds were not well advised to put flames of Fire so near it: but it is no inforced conjecture, to suppose that this Coat-Armour was first given to him who had restored some publick Edifice, which Fire had consumed. This next ensuing hath also a resemblance with it.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Chevron voided, Azure, between three flames of Fire, proper, by the name of Wells. Many Coat-Armours seem to allude to the Bearers Name, but surely this is not so; this hot Eliment having little affinity with that watry Mansion. Fire betokeneth Zeal, and every Sacrifice was of∣fered with Fire, to shew with what Zeal we should burn, that come to offer Prayer or Praise, and thanks to the Lord. The Holy Ghost also descended upon the Apostles in fire, to shew the fervency of them upon whom it rested. But as here this painted fire yields lit∣tle heat, so doth an Hypocrites coloured zeal; and many now adays might bear such painted Fire upon an Escocheon of Pretence for their Device.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, two Billets Raguled and Truncked, placed Sal∣tire-ways, the Sinister surmounted of the Dex∣ter, Azure, inflamed on their Tops, proper. This is a Dutch Coat, and is born by the Name of Shurstab. Not unfitly is the force of Counsel shadowed under the fire of Prometheus, be∣cause that as Fire, so Counsel doth give light to the darkest obscurity of things.

[illustration]

He beareth Diamond, a Bend, Topaz, between ••ix Fountains, proper, born by the Lord Stur∣ton. This Coat, with a due difference, is born by Iohn Sturton or Stourton, of the City of London, Gent. de∣scended from the Stur∣tons of Sturton in Nottinghamshire. These six Fountains are born in signification of six Springs, whereof the River of Sture in Wilt∣shire hath his beginning, and passeth along to Sturton, the Seat of that Barony. And to this Head are referred Spaciosa Maria, Vada Speciosa, Fluvii Lati, Fontes Grati: the spa∣cious Seas, the beauteous Shallows, Rivers spreading, Fountains pleasing. The Sea is the Riches of a Kingdom, and a fair River is the Riches of a City: and therefore their Waves are held good bearing for one that hath done service upon either.

Fresh and sweet Waters are reckoned a∣mongst Gods peculiar Blessings, promised to the observers of his Laws, and those of chief∣est rank: For the Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good Land, a Land in the which are Rivers of Waters, Fountains and Depths that spring out of the Valleys and Mountains, Lev. 26. 7.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a Rock, Sable, by the Name of Securades. A Rock signifieth Safety, Refuge, or Protection: as Psalm 31. Thou art my Rock and my For∣tress, &c. For he that res••eth under the de∣fence of the Almighty, is like a Castle of strength, situated upon an inaccessible Rock, whereto none can approach to do hurt. I have set this as a pattern of the Earth, as be∣ing one principal parcel thereof; and withal to represent the stability of the Earth, which God hath so fixed that it cannot be removed.

[illustration]

The Field is Or, a Mountain, Azure, in∣flamed, proper. This Coat pertaineth to the Family of Mackloide, Lord of the Isles of Skey and Lewes in Scotland. Here you see are two E∣lements born together, the earthy and fiery. Aetna is like this, or else this like Aetna, it being a Hill in Sicily, which

uncessantly casteth forth flames of Fire, where∣to the envious man may be fitly compared, who still disgorgeth his furious malice against others, but it inwardly eateth out Brimstone like his own Bowels. One writeth of this Hill Aetna, That on the one part it keepeth Snow all the year long, and on the other it ever burneth, like those who can breath hot and cold out of one mouth.

[illustration]

The Field is Argent, fifteen Islands, diversly coloured This Coat-Armour pertaineth to the King of Spain, in respect of certain Islands of that number within his Dominions. And amongst these Exam∣ples of earthy bearing, I have produced the bearing of a Mountain (a heavy bearing, but much in use among the Germans:) Hillocks and Turfs might I add, which may sooner be conceived by the under∣standing, than delineated by my Pencil. Touching the Element of the Air, I have re∣presented no shape; for to do that, were as wise an attempt as to weigh the Wind in a Ballance: yet some have expressed the boister∣ous motions thereof by a mans face, with swollen and puft Cheeks, whence issueth as much Wind as out of the Witches Bottles of Norway, who will sell any Wind that a Mer∣chant will ask for: If they sold Wines out of Bottles, I should sooner believe them, and I think the Buyers should be less cozened.

CHAP. V.

HAving shewed by particular Examples the bearing of simple Essences, or (at the least) of such things as have a mutual participation of qualities with them; I will now proceed to the handling of the next Member of the Distribution, which compre∣hendeth Essences, or Natures of mixt Kinds.

Such are

• Brute, or without life.
• Living.

By Brute Natures I understand all Essences whatsoever of mixt kind that are meerly void of life. Such are Meteors, which are unper∣fect kinds of mixture, which by their strange Apparitions do move their Beholders to an Ad∣miration, and these are called Corpora subli∣mia, because they are ingendred aloft in the Airy Region. The matter whereof these Meteors are ingendred, is a certain attracted fume drawn up on high by the Operation of the Sun and Stars.

This fume or smoak is

• Vapour.
• Exhalation.

Vapour is a moist kind of fume extracted chiefly out of the Water, and therefore is ea∣sily dissolved again thereinto, and hence are watry Meteors.

Exhalation is a drier kind of fume, attract∣ed up from the Earth, and apt to be inflamed, and they are firy Meteors. There are also o∣ther Meteors formed of a mixture of both these fumes.

Firy Meteors are forms consisting of hot Ex∣halations attracted into the Airy Region, ha∣ving a hot quality, which at length breaketh into a fire.

And of these are

• Simple.
• Mixt.

Simple firy Meteors are of divers sorts and different forms, whereof there is little use in Coat-Armour, except of the falling Star, which of Blazoners is termed a Mullet; which is an Exhalation inflamed above in the Air, and stricken back with a Cloud, whereby it is forced to run downwards in such sort, that to the Ignorant a Star seemeth to fall. There is oftentimes found upon the Earth a certain gelly fallen from above, and dispersed into divers points, which of many is taken to be the substance of the Falling Star or Mullet. Note that such Mullets born in Coat-Armour, are now most usual of five points, but ancient∣ly you shall find them born of six points.

And so I have seen them in divers very old Rolls, in the Custody of that worthy Knight, Sir Richard Saint George, now Clarencieux King of Arms, whose industrious travel in the careful Collection of such Antiquities, and his free communicating of the same to the studious in that way, merits much.

[illustration]

And I find in a very ancient Roll, now in the custody of the be∣fore-mentioned wor∣thy Knight, Sir Ri∣chard Saint George, Clarencieux, in the Blazon of Gilbert Hau∣sarts Coat-Armour, those which we now in He∣raldry blaze by the Name of Mullets, there to be termed Esteiles, I think it is meant Estoiles; yet are not their points, which are five, there waved. But in this variety of Opinions I leave every man to follow what in his judg∣ment

he shall approve to be best and most pro∣bable.

[illustration]

He beareth Ermyn, a Mullet of six points, pierced, Gules, by the Name Hassenhull. These kinds of Meteors have an apparence of Stars, but in existence they are nothing less; for they are (saith Beken∣••ab) certain Impressi∣ons of the Air, appear∣ing for a time, and in time do vanish away, be∣cause they be of nature flexible, and nothing permanent.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, two Bars between three Mullets of six points, Sa∣ble, pierced, Or, by the Name of Doughty. This with a Cressant for a difference, is the Coat-Armour of Philip Doughty of Easher in the County of Surrey, Esq descended from an English-saxon Family of Dohtig before the Conquest.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, two Bars, Sable, each charged with three Mul∣lets of six points, Or, by the Name of Hopton. As are born upon Or∣dinaries, so shall you find them commixt with other common charges; as also oftentimes sort∣ed with Ordinaries interposed between them: one Example whereof I will now presently shew you, which for the rarity of the form of the Ordinary, is worth your Observation.

From Mullets of six points, we will proceed to those of five.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, six Mullets, three, two, and one, Or, by the Name of Welsh. In blazon∣ing of Mullets of this form, you shall not need to make mention of their points, because it is the usual form of bearing; but if they do consist of more than five points, then must you specially observe their Number, as in the for∣mer Escocheon.

[illustration]

He beareth Ruby, on a Chief, Pearl, two Mul∣lets, Diamond. I give this selected form of blazoning to this pre∣sent Coat-Armour, be∣cause it appertained to that honoured and right worthy Knight, Sir Ni∣cholas Bacon, L. Keep∣er of the Great Seal of England in the Reign of our late Queen Elizabeth, of blessed me∣mory, to whom he was a Privy Councellor; and for his Wisdom, Learning, and Integrity, by her advanced to that high place of Lord Keeper. His eldest Son, Sir Nicholas Bacon, was the first Baronet that King Iames made by Letters Patents under the Great Seal; from whom is descended Sir Edmond Bacon of Red∣grave in Suffolk, now premier Baronet of England: and Sir Francis Bacon, one of his younger Sons, was Lord Keeper, and after∣wards Lord Chancellor of England in the Reign of the King, who created him, in An∣no 1617. Baron of Verulam; and in the year following Viscount St. Albans.

This Coat, with due differences is now born by divers Gentlemen in Norfolk, Suffolk, and elsewhere. In Norfolk, by Sir Edmond Ba∣con of Gillingham, Baronet; Bacon of Egner, Esq and by Francis Bacon of Nor∣wich, Esq. And in Suffolk, by Sir Edmond Bacon of Redgrave aforesaid; Sir Henry Ba∣con of Lounde in Lovingland, Baronet; Sir Nicholas Bacon of Shrubland-hall in Coden∣ham, Knight of the Bath; Thomas Bacon of Friston-hall, Esq Philip Bacon of Wolverton, Esq and Philip Bacon of Ipswich, Esquire.

Though the falling Star it self is but the Em∣blem of the inconstancy of high Fortunes, and unsure footing of ambitious Aspirers, which may shine for a time, but in a moment fall headlong from the Heaven of their high hopes; yet the Mullet in Heraldry hath a more noble signification, it being supposed to represent some Divine quality bestowed from above, whereby men do shine in Vertue, Learning, and works of Piety, like bright Stars on the Earth; and these are Stellae dimissae è Coelo, Stars let down from Heaven by God; not Stel∣lae dejectae, thrown down, as those which the Tayl of the Dragon threw down, which are Apostates from God and their Religion; nor yet Cadentes stellae, falling Stars, such as the stroke of Justice and their own Demerits casts down from the height of their Honours.

[illustration]

He beareth Pearl, on a Chief, Ruby, two Mullets pierced, Topaz, by the Name of St. Iohn, and is the bearing of the Right Honourable Oli∣ver Earl of Bulling∣brook, Lord St. Iohn of Bletso. This Coat, with the Arms of Vlster, is born by Sir Walter St. Iohn of Lydyard∣Tregos in Wiltshire, and of Battersea in Sur∣rey, Baronet.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Fess, Sable, three Mullets, Or, in the Dexter Chief an Er∣myn, by the Name of Grimston. This, with the Arms of Vlster, is the Coat-Armour of the Honourable Sir Harbottle Grimstone of Gorhambury in Hart∣fordshire, Baronet, Speaker of the Honoura∣ble House of Commons for the first Parliament under his Majesty King Charles the Second, and at present Master of the Rolls.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Fess between six Mul∣lets, Argent, by the Name of Ashburnham, and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Wil∣liam Ashburnham of Ashburnham in Sussex, Esq Cofferer to their Majesties King Charles the First and Second.

This Coat, with the Arms of Vlster, is born by Sir Denny Ashburnham of Bromham in the said County, Baronet.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Chevron between three Mullets, Or, by the Name of Chetwynd, and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Walter Chetwynd of Ingentre in Stafford∣shire, Esquire. And with a due difference, is born by William Chetwynd of Rugely in the said Coun∣ty, Esq

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a Chevron between 3 Mullets pierced, Sable, by the Name of Da∣vies, and is the Pa∣ternal Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Sir Thomas Davies of the City of London Kt. and Lord Mayor there∣of, Anno 1677.

Argent, a Chevron, Sable, between three Mullets pierced, Gules, is born by Iohn Da∣vies of Vine-hall in Sussex, Gent.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, on a Bend, Argent, three Mullets pierced, Gules, by the Name of Glisson. This with the differ∣ence of a Cressant with∣in an Annulet is the bearing of Francis Glisson, Dr. in Physick, and one of the Kings Professors of Physick in the University of Cambridge.

[illustration]

He beareth Ermyn, on a Chevron, Sable, a Lyon rampant, Or, a Chief, Gules, charged with three Mullets of the Third, by the Name of Trice, and is born by Iohn Trice of Godmanchester in Hun∣tingtonshire, Esq.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, on a Cross, Argent, five Mullets pierced, Sable, by the Name of Randal or Randolph of Kent. Sometimes the round in the midst of the Mullet is not of the Colour of the Field, and then you must not take it for a piercing, but for a Charge of other significa∣tion. Gerard Leigh seemeth to prescribe this General Rule touching Mullets; that if the same do consist of even points, they must be called Rowels; meaning (as I conceive) Row∣els of Spurs. But he might more aptly have applyed the same in particular unto Mullets pierced, in respect of their nearer resemblance of such Rowels than those that are not pierced. Some are of Opinion, that all Mullets, whe∣ther they consist of five or six points, pierced, or unpierced, are Rowels of Spurs, with this

difference, that those which are unpierced, are Rowels not fully finished or made up by their Maker; and their Reason is, because that in old French or Norman Language, this word Mollette signifi••th a Rowel of a Spur; as ap∣peareth in an ancient French Manuscript re∣maining in the Office of Arms, where the Au∣thor there treating of the compleat Armour of a Combatant a Cap a pee, according to his degree, he there speaking of the Harness or Armour of the Leg, useth these words con∣cerning Spurs;—Et ungz esperous d'ores qui sero••t atachiez a une cordellette autour de la jambe affi•• que la Mollette ne tourne des∣soubz le pie. The French is old, and accord∣ing to the Orthography of those times, which I, as precisely as I can; have shewed you. O∣thers think that the Heralds have borrowed this word, used by them in blazon, from a kind of fish so called; not that which is most usually known by the name of Mullet, but another not much unlike in shape to that thing which is used in Armory; and as I am informed, is often found upon the Sands, at the ebbing of the Sea: and is in Kent now by the vulgar people, propter similitudinem, cal∣led a Taylors Bottom or a Fivefinger, and in an∣cient time it was for the like cause known by the name of a Mullet.

[illustration]

Azure, on a Cross, Argent, five Mullets, Gules, by the Name of Verney, and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Ralph Verney of Middle Cleydon in Buckinghamshire, Kt. and Baronet, Son to Sir Edmond Verney Knight Marshal to K. Charles the First, and Standard Bearer at the Battel of Edg-hill. And with a due difference is born by Iohn Verney, Son of the said Sir Ralph.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Chevron•• Rompee, be∣tween three Mullets, Or, by the Name of Sault. This Chevron in blazon is called Rompe, or ra∣ther Rompu, from the French Verb Rompre, derived from the Latin Rumpo, Rumpere, to break. Thus have you Examples of the di∣vers bearing of these simple Meteors; to wit, the bearing of them sole, unpierced, pierced, some of five points, and others of six.

So much of simple firy Meteors, so far forth as there is use of them in Coat-Armour: Now of such Meteors as are of mixt kind, according to the distribution before delivered in the next president. These are firy Meteors bred of an Exhalation somewhat more gross and impure, than those before specified, by reason of a more thick and slimy vapour whereof they be in∣gendred.

Meteors of this kind are

• Thunder.
• Lightning.

Thunder is an inflamed Exhalation, which by his powerful force breaketh thorow the Clouds violently, with great noise and terror. The forcible power thereof is rather appre∣hended by the ear, than subjected to the sight: nevertheless, the ancient times have devised a certain imaginary form whereby they would express the forcible power thereof, as also of the Lightning.

Thunder is supposed to be ingendred two manner of ways, viz. when either a hot or dry vapour is inclosed in a cold and moist Cloud, and being unable to contain it self therein, by reason of the contrariety, it laboureth by all means to find a vent, and so striving by all means to get passage, it maketh way with great vehemency and horror of sound: such as a glowing Gad of Iron, or any other firy matter maketh, when water is infused there∣upon in abundance, or that it is therein drench∣ed, it maketh a furious and murmuring sound. Such is that weak and feeble sort of Thunder, that seemeth to be ingendred in some Region of the Air far remote from us, yielding only (for a small time) a kind of turbulent noise or murmuring.

Or else it is ingendred in a more violent manner, to wit, when this inclosed dry and combustible matter, being in••lamed in the Clouds of contrary qualities, doth break out with vehemency, then doth it yield a terrible and forcible sound, not unlike a great piece of Ordnance when it is overcharged. And this sound, thus ingendred, is called Thunder.

This sort of sound is used oftentimes Meta∣phorically, as when God threatneth his Judg∣ments against Sin, he is said to thunder them out. In this sense doth Petrarch use the same, saying, Deus ideo tonat in Coelis, ut tu in ter∣ras bene vivas, quodque amoxe debueras, sal∣tem metu facias. For unless God loved man, he would never threaten him, but rather pu∣nish him; forasmuch as man doth evermore minister many and those grievous occasions of execution of Gods Judgments.

Lightning is a vehement ••ruption of an in∣flamed Exhalation, proceeding from Thunder; which though it is in time after the Thunder, yet is first represented to our senses, by reason that our sight is far more subtil and apprehen∣sive than is our hearing. And in regard that Thunder and Lightning do both proceed from one self cause, they have in such their imagi∣nary fiction conjoyned them both under one form, after this manner.

[illustration]

The Field is Azure, Iupiters Thunderbolt in Pale, Or, inflamed at both ends, proper, shasted Saltire-wise, and winged Fess-ways, Argent. Chassanaeus describing the Ensigns of sundry Nations, no∣teth this for the En∣sign of the Scythians: and in the Glory of Ge∣nerosity, it is said, that Tomyris, Queen of Scythia, did bear the same in this manner. The bearing of Lightning betokeneth the effecting of some weighty business with much celerity and forceableness; because in all Ages this hath been reputed the most quick; forcible, and ter∣rible dart, wherewith the Almighty striketh where himself pleaseth: which the Heathen religiously acknowledged, though he there∣upon infers an irreligious conclusion, saying,

Si quoties peccent homines, sua fulmina mittat Iupiter, exiguo tempore inermis erit:

If God should Thunder-strike still when he sin doth see, His Shafts would soon be spent, and Arm un∣arm'd would be.

His Inference had been truer thus:

If God should Thunder-strike still when he sin doth see, All men would soon be spent, yet God still arm'd should be.

Hitherto of Firy Meteors; now of such as be watry.

Watry Meteors are certain cold and moist Vapours, copiously attracted by the powerful operation of the Heavenly Bodies into the Air, and there transmutated into their several forms. Of these there are divers sorts, where∣of Clouds are most usually born in Coat-Ar∣mour.

A Cloud is a gross Vapour, attracted into the middle Region of the Air, and there thick∣ned, by reason of the coldness of the place, having in it store of matter apt to ingender water. A Cloud (according to Zanchius) is a moist thick Vapour, attracted from the waters by the heat of the Sun, unto the middle Region of the Air, and there thickned by the coldness thereof, and so continueth until it be again dissolved by the Suns heat, and so con∣verted into rain, and doth distill down in drops. Zanch. de Meteoris aqueis, 483. The Clouds are said to be Gods Chariots, as we may see Psalm•• 104. He layeth the beams of his Chambers in the waters, and maketh the Clouds his Chariot, and walketh upon the wings of the winds. The Clouds are Gods Instru∣ments, wherein he containeth and retaineth at his pleasure, the shours of Rain, as in Bottles: as we may see Iob 38. 37. Who can number the Clouds by wisdom? Or who can cease the Bot∣tles of Heaven?

The Clouds are resembled to a Spunge, re∣plenished with water, and God with the hand of his Providence wringeth the Spunge mode∣rately, not pressing out all the moisture there∣of at once, but leasurely, and by little and lit∣tle, after a gentle and soaking manner. No Pencil can make a true representation of Clouds, because every instant and moment of time, doth add unto them some kind of alte∣ration, whereby it differeth from that it was late before: nevertheless, former times have coyned (of these also) a conceited form, as in these next Escocheons may be seen.

[illustration]

This Coat-Armour is Barr Nebule, of eight pieces, Topaz and Dia∣mond; and pertaineth to the Honourable Fa∣mily of Charles late Earl of Devon, and Lord Mountjoy, Lieu∣tenant Governour of Ireland, Great Master of the Artillery of England, Captain of Ports∣mouth, Knight of the most Noble of the Gar∣ter, and of his Majesties most Honourable Pri∣vy Council. The bearing of Clouds in Arms (saith Vpton) doth import some Excellency in their Bearer.

This Coat is also born by Sir Henry Blount of Tittonhanger in Hartfordshire, Knight.

In the Clouds hath the Rain-bow his tem∣porary Residence; and therefore next let us cast our eyes on it.

[illustration]

A Rain-bow is a di∣vers coloured Arch or Bow, formed in a hol∣low, thin, and unequal Cloud, by the reflecti∣on of the Beams of the opposite Sun. The cause of the rare use of the Rain-bow in Coat-Ar∣mour; perhaps may be for that the Colours thereof cannot be aptly counterfeited, as witnesseth Aristotle, Meteor. lib. 3. saying, Soli colores Iridis non possunt fieri a Pictoribus: whereby it seemeth of all other the hardest thing to imitate. The natu∣ral Colours of the Rain-bow (according to Scribonius) are Red, Green, Blew, and Yel∣low. The Field hereof is Argent, issuant out of two petit Clouds in Fess, Azure, a Rain∣bow, in the Nombril point a Star, proper. The Rain-bow is a Token of Gods Covenant made with Noah, and in him with all people; as ap∣peareth Genesis 9. 13. I have set my Bow in

the Clouds, and it shall be for a sign of the Covenant between me and the Earth, &c. As touching the Beauty of the Rain-bow, it is said, Ecclus. 43. 11. Look upon the Rain-bow, and praise him that made it: very beautiful is it in the brightness thereof; it compasseth the Heaven about with a Circle, and the hand most High hath bended it, Ibid. 12. And in∣deed, worthily is he to be so praised, who when he could have made a Bow to destroy us, rather chose to make this Bow to assure us he would not destroy us. A noble president, to teach Nobles to use their strength and their weapons rather to preserve and help, then to overthrow or hurt those who are under their power. Farnesius saith, that the Rain-bow appearing in the South, betokeneth Rain; in the West, it foresheweth Thunder; and in the East, prognosticates fair weather.

CHAP. VI.

HItherto have we prosecuted our intend∣ment, touching things of mixt nature, which are brute or liveless: Now pro∣ceed we to the consideration of things of mixt Nature, having life. Mixt Natures that are living, are Corporeal Essences, endued with a Vegetable Soul: for here we use this word Soul, as also the word Life, in his largest signification. A Vegetable Soul is a faculty or power that giveth life unto Bodies.

Whereby they do live After a sort, or, Perfectly.

Such as do live after a sort, or less perfect∣ly, are all sorts of Mettals; which because they are supposed to grow and increase in the Earth, we will (for our present use) ascribe life unto them.

Mettals are Bodies imperfectly living, and are decocted in the Veins of the Earth.

Of these some are naturally

• Liquefiable.
• Not Liquefiable, or less Liquefiable.

The Liquefiable are Gold, Silver, Copper, Tin, Lead, and other of like kind.

The not or hardly Liquefiable are

• Precious.
• Brittle.

Those that are altogether hard, are Stones of all sorts. Stones are bred of a waterish moisture, and of an oily kind of Earth firmly compacted together.

Of Stones, some are

• Precious.
• Base.

Stones precious are of that sort that we call in Latin Gemmae; which are of estimation either for that they are rarely to be gotten, or for some vertue phansied to be in them, or for that they are such as wherewith mans Eye is won∣derfully delighted by reason of their pureness and beautiful transparent substance. Of which kind are the Diamond, Topaz, Escarbuncle, E∣merald, Ruby, and such like. Of which sorts, twelve of chiefest note were appointed by God himself to be used in the principal Orna∣ment of the High Priest, when he appeared before the Lord, presenting therein the Names of the Twelve Tribes of Israel, to shew how precious in his sight is the People and Nation which serveth him, as himself prescribeth. But of all these several kinds, the Escarbuncle is of most use in Arms, and is born as in these next Escocheons appeareth.

[illustration]

The Field is Ruby, a Chief, Pearl, over all an Escarbuncle, of eight Staves or Rays, pom∣mette & florette, Topaz. This Coat-Armour Per∣tained anciently to the Earls of Anjou, from whom came Geffery Plantagenet, Earl of Anjou, that married Maud the Empress, daugh∣ter to Henry the First, King of England. This Stone is called in Latin Carbunculus, which sig∣nifieth a little Coal, because it sparkleth like fire, and casteth forth, as it were, fiery Rays. There is another kind of, but fiery Car∣buncle, which Chyrurgions can best handle; one of those of the Lapidaries is more to be desired than ten of the other.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, two Barrs, Azure, over all an Escarbuncle of 8 Rays, Gules, pommette & florette, Or. This Coat is cut in Stone up∣on the Church Porch door of Magnotsfield in the County of Glo∣cester, and is born by the Name of Blount. As there is in all kinds of Minerals a Vegetable life, even so, and much more (saith Zanchius) is it judged that Stones have this life; yea, and that they have a passive capacity of Sickness, of Age, and al∣so of Death. Whether this be so or not, sure it is a pretty device, to advance their estimati∣on with those who already too much dote on them; insomuch, as it was said of the Roman Empresses, that some of them did ware whole

Kingdoms at their Ears, so now many a one hang whole Mannors on their sleeves.

So much of precious Stones: now of those which are Base; such we esteem all those to be, which both for their ordinary and base imployments, and also for that they are ea∣sily to be had of all men, are of small esti∣mation; as are these next following, with their like.

[illustration]

He beareth Vert, three Flint Stones, Ar∣gent, by the Name of ••lint. This Coat is quartered by the Right Honourable the Earl of Cumberland. The Flint-stone is an anci∣ent Emblem or Token used by great Persons. Iohannes Digionius, Earl of Flanders, gave for his Device, Ignitabulum Silicem feriens, a Steel and a Flint-stone, which well agreed with his disposition. This Earl was taken Prisoner by Bajazet the Turk, and when he should have been put to the Sword, a Physiog∣nomer, much esteemed by the Turk, per∣swaded him to let him go free, saying, He foresaw in him, that when he came home, he would set a great part of Christendom in a combustion; as indeed he did, by reason of the murther of Lewis, Brother to the French King Charles the sixth; which his murther, the Franciscan Fryers did as impiously defend, by the Examples of Zimri kill'd by Phinees, Ho∣lofer••es by Iudith, Sisera by Iael, and the Egyptians by Moses. As the like Examples are still produced by the Trayterous Patricides of Kings and Princes, set on work by the Grand-father of such holy Treasons. The said Earls Son, Philippus Bonus, was Founder of the Order of the Golden Fleece, which hang∣eth at a Coller made with the forms of the said Steels and Flint-stones; which Order the Kings of Spain still upholdeth.

[illustration]

He beareth, Azure, three Mill-stones, Ar∣gent, by the Name of Milveton. The Mil∣stone representeth unto us the mutual converse of human Society; be∣cause Milstones are never occupied single, but by couples; and each of them standeth in need of the others help, for the performance of the work whereunto they are ordained. Hereupon our mutual Amities and Assistances are termed in Latin, Necessitudines Amicitiae, because eve∣ry man standeth in need of some fast and assu∣red Friend, by whose counsel and advice he may be supported for the better compassing of whatsoever affairs of importance he shall un∣dertake. Of all the rare Stones before men∣tioned, in my judgment men have cause to e∣steem the Milstone (though here we have placed it amongst baser Stones) the most pre∣cious Stone of all others; yet I would be loath to wish my Lady to wear it at her ear.

So much of Mettals or Minerals (for I use the word in the largest sense) that are hard and not liquefiable; there are other also which we reckoned to be hardly liquefiable, in respect of their brittle nature; such are Alom, Salt, Am∣ber, Chalk, &c. but there is no use of them in Arms. Because in this Chapter I have spoken of precious Stones, divers of which are of use in Heraldry, for blazoning of the Coat-Ar∣mours of Nobility (as my self have often occasi∣on to do in sundry parts of this Work:) before I proceed further, I will set down those seve∣ral Stones, as they answer to their several Mettals and Colours; together with the Planets also, which I use only in the Atchievements of Kings and great Princes.

Selected Forms of Blazon before mentioned,

Mettal and Colours. 1. Or, 2. Argent, 3. Gules, 4. Azure, 5. Sable, 6. Vert, 7. Purpure, 8. Tenn, 9. Sanguine.

Precious Stones. 1. Topaz, 2. Pearl, 3. Ruby, 4. Saphire, 5. Diamond, 6. Emerald, 7. Amethyst, 8. Jacynth, 9. Sardonyx,

Planets. 1. Sol. 2. Luna. 3. Mars. 4. Jupiter. 5. Saturn. 6. Venus. 7. Mercury. 8. Dragons head. 9. Dragons tayl.

CHAP. VII.

SO much touching Examples of such Na∣tures as do live after a sort: In the next place succeed those things, which do live perfectly or properly; such Natures are those as have in them express and manifest tokens of a living Soul.

Of this kind, some are

• Vegetable.
• Sensitive.

Forasmuch as I am now to treat of Vegeta∣ble Animals, and of their particular kinds; I must excuse my self in two things before I en∣ter into the exemplifying of them: The one, that there is no cause that any man should ex∣pect at my hands an express demonstration of each particular Species of them; and that I should run through and display their manifold and almost innumerable kinds, for that would be a tedious travel, and (besides) an infinite and unnecessary charge and cost, and withal far wide from the project of my prefixed pur∣pose. The other thing (and the same more pertinent to that I do intend) is, That in hand∣ling of Vegetables and Sensitives, I purpose only to distribute their several ranks of Di∣stribution, according to their Order to them prescribed by Nature, which to express is my chiefest drift, and the principal scope that I do aim at.

Of the perfect sort of Creatures there are many kinds, whereof some are of more per∣fection and more worthy than others, accord∣ing to their more excellent kind of life, or wor∣thiness of soul.

Of these the less perfect sort of Bodies were first created; and then such as were of more perfection. Plants are more worthy than Met∣tals, and Animals of more reckoning than Plants: therefore were these first created, and those afterwards.

Of Animals wherewith God did adorn the Air, the Waters, and the Earth, there are di∣vers kinds, whereof some were more worthy than others; in the Creation of these did God observe the same order.

Between the Creation of Plants and Ani∣mals, it pleased God in his unsearchable wis∣dom, to interpose the creation of the Stars wherewith he beautified the Heavens, he did it to this end, to give us to understand, That albeit the Sun with his light and motion, toge∣ther with the Stars, do concur in the generati∣on of Plants and Animals, nevertheless their Generation is not to be attributed simply to the influence and power of these Celestial Bodies; but only to the Omnipotency of God, inasmuch as by his powerful Word he commanded the Earth to produce all sorts of Plants and their Fruits, before the Stars were created.

From the most fertile and pleasant Garden of Eden, unto the most barren and desolate Wil∣derness, may we see and behold the great and wonderful works of God, and take occasion to extol his Omnipotency, Wisdom, and Mer∣cy. As we may observe Isai. 41. 9. I will set in the Wilderness the Cedar, the Shittah tree, and the Myrhe tree, and the Pine tree; and I will set in the Wilderness the Firr tree, the Elm, and the Box together. Therefore let them see, and know, and let them consider and understand together, that the hand of the Lord hath done this, and that the holy One of Israel hath created it, v. 20. Hence we may gather that there is no object so mean that presenteth it self to our view, but will minister some just occasion to glorifie God.

Men are accustomed to attribute the propa∣gation of these, either to the influence of Na∣ture, or to the travel and industry of man; but these were produced before any other of like kind could be found upon the face of the Earth, whereof it might be imagined they might receive being; for as yet there had ne∣ver fallen any rain to fructifie the Earth, where∣by it might produce green herbs, nor as yet was Man created, that might manure and till the Ground for that purpose: therefore neither were they produced naturally, or of their own accord, nor yet by the Art, Skill, or Industry of Man, but by the immediate Word and Com∣mandment of God.

The reason that moved Moses to give an in∣stance of Plants and Herbs, how that they were produced by the vertue and power of Gods Word only, and not naturally, or by the skill and industry of man; neither yet of Ani∣mals, nor of any other of the infinite number of things created (Genes. 1. 11.) was this, because the Generation of Plants and Herbs might be much more doubted of, than the o∣riginal of other things.

Of the first springing of Trees in the Crea∣tion, Moses saith, Et germinare fecerat Ieho∣va Elohim è terra omnem arborem concupisci∣bilem, id est, visu, & bonam ad escam; which words do comprehend all the desirable quali∣ties of Fruit trees: for in them we expect that their fruits should be either delightful to the Eye, or that they should be fit for food and wholsom, and that they be also fragrant and sweet smelling: For the fruits of Trees, the better they be, the more odoriferous they are.

That the Trees wherewith Paradise was planted, had all these qualities, it is manifest by the words of Moses, in that he saith, Con∣cupiscibilem ad visum, & bonam ad escam: whereby we gather that the sight is delighted with things beautiful and glorious, the smell with sweet and pleasant savours, and the pa∣late with things of sweet and pleasant taste. And none of these are in themselves evil; for such was the constitution of Adam before he

transgressed, that he might have delighted himself in them all without offence; and to that end did God create them, that he should use them with thanksgiving.

Moses describeth unto us two principal qua∣lities of the Garden of Paradise, whereby he laieth before us the pleasantness of the situati∣on thereof, and also the beauty and fertility of the soil. The first of these qualities was, that it was replenished with all sorts of Trees, not only most pleasant and delightful to the eye, but also most pleasant to the taste; for that they produced the best and sweetest fruits: The other quality was, that the whole cir∣cumference of the Garden of Paradise was surrounded and invironed with a River, being distributed into four heads, which did highly beautifie the same, and made it most pleasant to the view.

In this discription Moses maketh mention of two Trees of special qualities, that were plan∣ted in the midst of Paradise: The one named the Tree of Life, the other the Tree of Know∣ledge of good and evil.

The first of these had a vivificant power in it self, the fruit whereof was ordained to this end; That being eaten, it would enable a man never to feel sickness, feebleness, old age, or death, but should evermore continue in the same state of strength and agility of body: This was the efficacy and power that was gi∣ven to this Tree, whereof it was never yet de∣prived: Therefore was this quality after a sort natural thereunto.

For this cause was there a Cherub set at the entrance of Paradise, to keep out such as would enter the same, and eat of the fruit of the Tree of Life; that he should not always live that kind of life.

How behooful the knowledge of the ver∣tues and operations of Trees, Plants, Herbs, and other Vegetables are, for the extolling and manifesting the Omnipotency, Wisdom, Mer∣cy, loving favour and fatherly providence of our most gracious God towards sinful man is, in that he hath created for the behoof and use of man, as well touching his necessary food and raiment, as for recreation and delight, we may evidently perceive by Solomon's indu∣strious investigation of the vertues and opera∣tions of all sorts of Vegetables: For (besides other his admirable qualities wherewith he was richly endued) he had surpassing know∣ledge in the vertues, operations and qualities of Herbs and other Vegetables; insomuch that he was able to reason, discourse and dispute, not only of Beasts, Fowls, creeping things and Fishes, but of Trees also and Plants, from the Cedar in Lebanon to the Hyssop that springeth out of the wall, that is, from the highest and tallest Tree to the smallest Shrub and lowest Herb. Thus we see the knowledge and skill in natural Philosophy to be holden in great estimation in all Ages, insomuch as it hath been reckoned a study well befitting the dignity of a King, yea, of Solomon, who was the wisest King that ever was, and a Type of our Saviour Christ. But to return to the Ve∣getable.

Such are said to be Vegetable, as have in them a lively power of growing, budding, leafing, blossoming and fructifying, as Trees, Plants, Herbs, Grass, &c. And of these some grow on Trunks or solid Bodies, some upon flexible Stalks: some again grow upon a sin∣gle Stem, as commonly all Trees do; some up∣on manifold Stems, as Shrubs, Roses, &c.

Trees are certain Plants springing from a root with a single Trunk or Stem (for the most part) shooting up in height, and delinea∣ted with lims, sprigs or branches. Of these Trees some are more proper to hot Countries; as the Frankinsence Tree to Arabia; the Bal∣samum, Myrrhe, Mace and Nutmeg Trees, as also the Pepper Trees, and such like, which chiefly grow in India; the Plane Tree in E∣gypt and Arabia; the Pomegranate in Africa, &c. which I purposely pass over, and will on∣ly give Examples of other sorts to us better known, whether they be Trees fruitful or bar∣ren. In giving Examples whereof I purpose not to observe any precise order, but to min∣gle them pel mel one with another, because I hold such curious sorting them, better fitting a professor of Physick, or some Herbalist, than an Armorist; to whom it sufficeth to shew su∣perficially, that these, and their several parts, are born in Coat-Armour, as well simply of themselves, as also with things of different na∣ture; as in the Examples following may ap∣pear.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, on a Mount in Base, an Oak acorned, proper, by the name of Wood. Al∣mighty God, at what time by his powerful word he did enable the Earth to fructifie, and produce Herbs and Trees with their varia∣ble fruits, said, Let the earth bud forth ac∣cording to his kind, the bud of herb that seed∣eth seed; the fruitful tree which beareth fruit according to his kind, which hath seed in it self upon the earth; and it was so. Whereby (saith Zanchius) we are admonished, that they should be preserved and nourished in the earth unto the time of seed for our necessary use; for that they profit little, until they be come unto their full ripeness. The Oak is of the strongest sort of Trees, and therefore may best challenge the first place.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Mount in a Base, a Pine-apple Tree, fructed, proper, by the name of Pine. There is a difference between the produ∣ction of seed of Trees and of Herbs, as well for the propagation, as for the preservati∣on, of their several kinds; for the herbs do produce their seed in their stalks without fruit; and the trees do pro∣duce theirs in their fruit.

It is holden of some, that the Pine Tree is a representation of death; forasmuch as the same being once felled, or cut down by the ground, the root thereof is said never to sprout or spring any more.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, on a Mount in Base, a Pear Tree fructed, proper, by the name of Pyrton. As God for the necessary sustenance of man, or∣dained manifold varie∣ties of nourishment: so likewise many sorts were created, not only for mans necessity, but also for his delight, both to eye and taste; as too well appeared by the first woman, whose rash affection in this kind all her Posterity hath since rued. But withal, God teacheth us by these dumb instructers, that man should not be fruitless, lest he become thereby fuel only fit for burning.

Those proposed Examples are of whole bearing of Trees: Now of their parts, viz. their Leaves, Fruits, Slips, &c. promiscuously, as in Example.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, the stem or trunk of a Tree eradicated, or mooted up by the roots, as also Couped in Pale, sprouting out two bran∣ches, Argent, and is the Coat of William Bo∣rough, aliàs Stockden, of Borough in Leicester∣shire, Gent. Branches must needs wither which have neither shelter from above, nor nourishment from beneath: being therein like that Roman Embassage, where the one Em∣bassador had a giddy head, and the other gou∣ty feet; whereof one said, That it had neither head nor foot.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Cheveron, Ermyn, be∣tween three Oaken slips acorned, proper, by the name of A∣mades. By the words formerly noted to be extracted out of Gen. 1. 24. Let the earth bud forth, &c. we do gather (saith Zanchius) a diverse manner of conser∣ving of the several kinds of Herbs and Trees by propagation (through the production of their Seeds, whereby their particular sorts are preserved;) the one, that do bring forth their seed in their stalks without fruit, and Trees do produce their seed in their fruit.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a Fess, Gules, between three Olive branches, proper, by the name of Roundel, and is the Coat-Armour of Wil∣liam Roundel of Hut∣ton-Wansley in York∣shire, Esquire.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, three Mole-hills, proper, by the name of Tyldesly, and is born by Edward Tyldesley of Morleys in Lancashire, Esq.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, three starved branches, slipped, Sable, by the name of Blackstock. This Example is of dif∣ferent nature from all the former, those bear∣ing the signs of their vegetation and life, but this being mortified and unvested of the virdure which sometimes it had; which is the condition of all mortal men, whose most flourishing estate must have a change, their beauty turned to baldness and withered wrinkles, and they leave all their ri∣ches, or their riches leave them: This is the end of the Tree, and fruits of our worldly e∣state; but the fruits of holiness will never pe∣rish, and the righteous man shall be as the tree planted by the waters of life. Other Esco∣cheons of the same kind ensue.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Bend of the limb of a tree, reguled and trunk∣ed, Argent, by the name of Penruddock. That which I spake of before touching the Bend Crenelle, fitted by Art for the scaling of a Wall, the same seemeth to be here naturally found. At the first approach of King William the Conqueror, the green boughs of Trees, born by Souldiers, served for an excellent stratagem of defence; and as helpful an instrument of offence to the Enemy may this trunked Tree be, when other helps are wanting to the besiegers.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, three stocks or stumps of Trees, couped and eradicated, Sable, by the name of Retowre. If the top or boughs be cut off, yet, the Root standing, there is hope of a new growth: but when the Root is pluckt up, there remaineth no hope of reviving. And therefore that was a fearful warning, Now is the Axe put to the Root; which should quick∣en us to the bearing of good fruits, lest other∣wise we mean to bear that dreadful stroke, and the issue of that terrible commination.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, three Laurel leaves slip∣ped, Or. This was the paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Richard Leve∣son of Lilleshall in the County of Salope, who was made Knight of the Bath at the Coro∣nation of our Sovereign Lord King Charles. That the Laurel was in ancient times thought to be a remedy against poison, lightning, &c. and in war used as a token of peace and quietness, you may at your leasure read in Master Bossewell his Book of Coats and Crests.

[illustration]

The field is Topaz, five Figg-leaves in Sal∣tire, Emerald. This Coat appertaineth to the Count Feria of Spain. The Figg-leaves are the ancientest wea∣ring that is, being the first clothing of our first transgressing Parents. And Irenaeus saith, that they used not the Leaves of any other Tree, to shew the torture and anguish of Repentance, signified by the roughness and sharpness wherewith this sort of Leaf is beset. Our Saviour Christ liked not to see Figg-leaves without fruit, and therefore cursed the Tree: And accursed will their con∣dition be, the growth of whose Faith and Re∣ligion is in shew, and not in substance of fruit∣ful works.

[illustration]

The Field is Ermyn, two barrs, Sable, each charged with five Elm-leaves, Or, by the name of Elmes, and is the Coat of Thomas Elmes of Lilford in the Coun∣ty of Northampton, Esq It is supposed that there is great love, and a natural sympathy betwixt the Elm Tree and the Vine, because the Vine never prospereth better than when it groweth by the Elm; whereas the Elm it self is of all Trees the most barren. So should those who have few good parts in themselves, yet at least cherish and support such as Nature and Art have enabled to produce better fruits of their Industry.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, three Woodbine-leaves pen∣dant, Azure. This Coat-Armour pertaineth to the Family of Gamboa in Spain. Sometimes you shall have these Leaves born bend-ways as in this next Escoche∣on. The Woodbine is a loving and amorous plant, which embraceth all that it grows near unto; but without hurt∣ing of that which it loveth: and is therein contrary to the Ivy, (which is a type of lust rather than of love) for it hurteth that which it most embraceth. Sometimes you shall find Leaves of sundry sorts of Trees born ordinary ways, as in Example.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, three Bay-leaves proper, by the Name of Foulis. This with the Arms of Vlster is the Coat of Sir David Foulis of Ingleby Mannor in Cleaveland, in the North-Riding of Yorkshire, Baronet.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, three Woodbine-leaves Bendways, proper, two and one, by the Name of Theme. These Leaves are all one with those in the last precedent Escocheon in shape, but different from them in the manner of their po∣sition, in that those are born with their points downwards, and these naturally or upwards. Otherwhiles they are born in form of other Ordinaries, as by Example shall hereafter be made plain. Moreover, you shall find them sometimes born with Ordinaries betwixt them, as in this next Escocheon.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cheveron, Vert, be∣tween three Oaken leaves, proper, by the Name of Tomlins, and is the Coat-Armour of Thomas Tomlins of St. Leonards Bromley in Middlesex, Esq.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a Cheveron, Gules, be∣tween three Nettle-leaves, proper, by the Name of Malherbe. The Nettle is of so tetchy and froward a nature, that no man may med∣dle with it, as many testy-natured men are. One writes, that a little Girle being stung by a Nettle in her Father's Garden, complained to him that there was such a curst Herb in his Garden, as that it was worse than a Dog, for it would bite them of their own house. Her Father answered her, That it was the nature of it to be unpartial, and friend or foe were all alike to it. Yet this property it hath, that the harder you press it the less it will sting.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, three Holly-leaves pen∣dant, proper, by the Name of Inwine. Note tha•• when Leaves are born after this manner, viz. pendant, you must tell in what fashion they are born: but if their points only be up∣wards, then it sufficeth to say Leaves; because it is their most ratural and proper way when they are in full vigor.

Now I will shew you an Example, where three Leaves are born Bar-ways.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, three Holly-leaves Bar-ways, two and one, their stalks towards the Dex∣ter part of the Escoche∣on, proper, by the name of Arnest. These seem to have been, (as still they are) much used in adorning the Temples and Sacred places, especially at the most so∣lemn time of our Saviout's Nativity, and thence to have taken that holy name. There is a kind of Holly, that is void of these prickles, and of gentler nature, and therefore called Free-holly, which in my opinion is the best Holly: and so it was in his, who saith, That Charity (the daughter of true holiness) is gen∣tle and hurteth not, but rather suffereth all things: farr unlike to those Hedg-hogg holy∣ones, whose sharp censures, and bitter words, pierce thorow all those who converse with them.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, 3 Walnut-leaves, Or, between two Bendlets, Argent, by the Name of Waller, and is the Coat-Armour of Sir William Waller of Winchester in Hant∣shire, Kt. lineally de∣scended from Richard Waller of Groombridge in Kent, Esq who at the Battel at Agencourt, in the Reign of King Henry the Fifth, took prisoner Iohn Duke of Orleans, and brought him to Groombridge, where he remained a prisoner four and twen∣ty years; during which Confinement he built a Chappel near the said House, on which his Arms doth yet remain: And in memory of that Action it hath been ever since allowed to the Family, as an Augmentation of Honour, to bear hanging on their Ancient Crest, viz. a Walnut Tree, proper, the Arms of the said Duke. And as a further Honour to the Fami∣ly, the Sword which the Duke used in the said Battel, is now in the possession of the said Sir William, who married the Daugh∣ter of Sir Edward Stradling of St. Donets in Glamorganshire Baronet, deceased.

[illustration]

The Field is Argent, a Pomegranat in Pale, slipped, proper. These Arms do pertain to the City and Countrey of Granata, within the Dominions of the King of Spain, situated by the Mediterranean Sea. This fruit is holden to be of profitable use in Physick, for the qua∣lifying and allaying of the scorching heat of burning Agues, for which end the juice thereof is reckoned to have a very sovereign vertue.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, three Pears, Or, by the name of Stukeley. This fruit, as other, was or∣dained for the comfort of man: But as the Devil made use of the Apple to the destructi∣on of man; so did the Devil's Imps use the Pear to a wicked end, when the Monks of Swinsted, inviting King Iohn to a Banquet, poisoned him in a dish of Pears, though others write it was in a Cup of Ale.

Concerning the fruits of Trees, God in the beginning gave unto man a free scope to use them without restraint, only the fruit of the Tree of Knowledge of good and evil excepted, whereof he was prohibited the eating upon pain to die the Death whensoever he should taste thereof. In this prohibition God would, that we should not so much respect the fruit of the Tree, as the Soveraign Authority of him that forbade the eating thereof; yea, this chiefly and principally first; and secondly the fruit, because of the interdiction.

The end for which God did prohibit Adam the eating of the fruit of the Tree of Know∣ledge of good and evil was, that notwithstand∣ing God had given him a Sovereign Jurisdicti∣on on earth, yet was he not so absolute a Go∣vernor and Commander, but that he had a Lord Paramount, to whose hests he was sim∣ply and withal reverence to obey; and that he should know that God, his Creator, was a∣bove him, whose will should be unto him the Rule of all Justice, and whereunto he should conform all his actions, counsels, and cogita∣tions; that he should evermore have an awful eye unto him, and always hope in him, glori∣fie, fear, reverence, and love him. The end I say was this, That Adam should know both God, and himself: God as his true Creator, himself to be his Creature; God to be his Lord, himself his Servant; God a most bountiful and magnificent giver of all good blessings, himself God's Foster-child, and such a one as must ac∣knowledge, that whatsoever he possesseth, pro∣ceedeth from God's free bounty and mercy; and therefore should render unto him continu∣al praise and thanks for the same, from the ground and bottom of his heart.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Cheveron, Ermyn, be∣tween three Pine Ap∣ples erected, Or, by the Name of Pine. The Pine Tree was in much request in ancient times, for adorning of Walks about Mansion-Houses; according to that of the Poet,

Fraxinus in Sylvis pulcherrima, Pinus in Hor∣tis, Populus in Fluviis, Abiesin Montibus altis:

The Ash in Woods makes fairest shew, The Pine in Orchards nigh, By Rivers best is Poplars hew, The Firr on Mountains high.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, three Mulberies, their stalks trunked, proper. The Mulbery Tree is an Hie∣roglyphick of Wisdom, whose property is to speak and to do all things in opportune season: And it is repu∣ted (as I may say) the wisest of all Trees, in regard it never sprout∣eth nor buddeth, until such time as all extre∣mity of cold Winter-season be clearly past and gone. This Fruit hath a Purple-blushing co∣lour; in the one resembling the Judges attire, who attempted Susanna; in the other that hue of their face, which should have been in them, if they had been so gracious to blush at their fault, as they were hasty to commit it. A greater sin in them than in others, because they were to punish others for the like offen∣ces: But it is no rare thing to see the great Of∣fenders hang the little.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, on a a Bend, Sable, three Clu∣sters of Grapes, Argent. This Coat appertained to Sir Edmund de Ma∣roley of the County of York, Kt. who lived in the time of Edward the First. How profitable the moderate use of the juice of the Grape may be to man, is as mani∣fest, as the inconvenience that doth attend the too much bibing of the same is odious.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Barr, Argent, three Ap∣ples erected in Base, Or, by the name of Harle∣win. An Apple is cal∣led in Latin Pomum, which is a general word for all sorts of eatable fruits; inso∣much as Plin. lib. 15. cap. 22. comprehendeth Nuts also under this name, albeit the same is most commonly taken for this sort of fruit. If we desire to have Apples to continue longer upon the Trees than their accustomed season of ripening, we may effect the same by wreathing of the boughs and platting them together one in another, as Farnesius noteth, saying, Praeter naturae tem∣pus ex arbore pendebunt Poma, si ramuscu∣los contorqueri jusserimus: whereof he yield∣eth this reason, That by means of such wreath∣ing and platting the humour is more slowly concocted or digested, so that they cannot ri∣pen with that maturity, as those which are not hindred of their natural passage and action. Hereby we may learn, that Art worketh forci∣bly in things meerly vegetable; how much more effectual and powerful is Education (which is reckoned a second nature) in form∣ing and reforming the conditions and inclina∣tions of men?

CHAP. VIII.

HItherto of Plants growing upon a sim∣ple Body or Stem, with their common parts. Now of such as grow upon a manifold stalk or tender sprigs, as Flowers, Herbs, and such like, as in Example.

[illustration]

He beareth Ermyn, a Rose, Gules, barbed and seeded, proper, by the Name of Beverley. A∣mongst Flowers in an∣cient time the Rose was holden in chief∣est estimation, as ap∣peareth in Scholiis E∣pist. St. Hieron. de vit. Hilar. where it is said, Rosis apud Priscos prima gloria fuit inter flores. The Pourtrai∣ture or Resemblance of a Rose, may signifie unto us some kind of good environed or beset on all sides with evils, as that is with prickles: which may give us notice, how our pleasures and delights are beset with bitterness and sharpness. Here I do blazon this Rose Gules, because the word proper fitteth not this flow∣er: For if I should blazon it a Rose proper, it could not be understood of what colour the same were; forasmuch as White and Crimson are as proper to Roses as Red: Therefore for the more certainty I have blazoned it Gules.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Canton, Gules, a Rose, Or, barbed, pro∣per, by the Name of Bradston of Winter∣borne in the County of Glocester. This beau∣tiful and fragrant flow∣er doth lively repre∣sent unto us the mo∣mentary and fickle state of mans life; the frail∣ty and inconstancy whereof is such, as that we are no sooner born into the World, but pre∣sently we begin to leave it: and as the dele∣ctable beauty and redolent smell of this plea∣sant flower doth suddenly fade and perish; e∣ven so mans life, his beauty, his strength, and worldly estate, are so weak, so mutable, and so momentary, as that oftentimes in the same day wherein he flourisheth in his chiefest jolli∣ty, his beauty consumeth, his body decaieth, and his vital breath departeth; and thus he leaveth his life as if he had never been. Of this sudden fading of the Rose, a certain Poet writeth in this manner;

Mirabar celerem fugitiva aetate rapinam, Et, dum nascuntur, consenuisse Rosas. Quàm longa una dies, aetas tam longa Rosarum, Quas pubescentes juncta senecta premit.

As fades the blushing Rose, so speeds Our flowry youth away: It grows, it blows, it speeds, it sheds Her beauty in one day.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, 3 Roses, Argent, by the Name of Maurice, and is the Coat-Armour of David Maurice Pre∣bend of Myvod, and Vicar of Llanhassaph in Flintshire.

[illustration]

Gules, three Roses Argent, on a Chief of the second, as ma∣ny Roses of the first, by the Name of Cae∣sar (aliàs Adelmare). It is born by Sir Charles Caesar of Be∣nington-place in Hart∣fordshire, Kt. by Iohn Caesar of Barkway in the said County, Esq and by Charles Caesar of Great Gransden in Huntingtonshire, and of Much-hadham in Hartfordshire, Esq second Son of Sir Charles Caesar Kt. deceased, who was Master of the Rolls; which Sir Charles was Son and Heir of Sir Iulius Caesar Kt. also Master of the Rolls, Judge of the High Court of Admiral∣ty, Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Privy Counsellor to King Iames, and to King Charles the First; descended of the Learned and No∣ble Family of the Dalmarii, of the City of Tarviso or Treviso in Italy. The said Charles married Ioan, second Daughter of Sir Thomas Leventhorp of Shingle-hall and Blakesware in Hartfordshire, Baronet, by whom he hath Issue Charles, Henry, and Dorothy.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Cross Lozenge be∣tween four Roses, Ar∣gent, by the Name of Packer, and is the Coat-Armour of Phi∣lip Packer of Groom∣bridge in Kent, Esq.

[illustration]

Argent, on a Bend, Sable, three Roses of the Field, by the Name of Cary, and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Iohn Ca∣ry of Wilcot in Ox∣fordshire, Esq.

[illustration]

He beareth parted Per Fess in Chief, Gules, a Cheveron between 3 Cinquefoiles, Or, and in Base, Argent, a Rose, Gules, with the stalk, leaves and beards, pro∣per. This is a Dutch Coat, and is thus born by Iohn Vanheck of the City of London, Mer∣chant.

Of such Plants that grow upon a manifold body or stalk, there are some other sorts that do bear fruits, as in part may by this next Ex∣ample appear.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cheveron, Gules, be∣tween three Hurts, by the Name of Basker∣vile, in the County of Hereford, and is born by Thomas Baskervile of Eardisley, Humphrey Baskervile of Pontari∣las, and by William Baskervile of Comadock, all of Hartfordshire, Esquires. These (saith Leigh) appear light-blue, and come of some violent stroke. But if I mistake not, he is farr wide from the mat∣ter, in that he likeneth these Rundles unto Vibices or Hurts in a mans Body, proceeding of a stripe; whereas they are indeed a kind of Fruit or small round Berry, of colour betwixt black and blue, growing upon a manifold stalk about a foot high, and are found most com∣monly in Forests and Woodland Grounds: in some places they are called Wind-berries, and in others Hurts, or Hurtle-berries. They have their time when Strawberries are in sea∣son. The near resemblance of their names caused Leigh to mistake the one for the o∣ther.

CHAP. IX.

THUS much of Vegetables, growing either on a single or manifold Stem or Body. Now of such as grow upon a bending Stalk, such are Herbs of all sorts. And of these some are Nutritive, others less Nutri∣tive: The first sort are in ordinary use of Diet; such are both those which produce Grain, and those which serve for seasoning of the Pot, Sa∣lads, and the like. Such as do produce Grain are these, and their like, Wheat, Rie, Beans, Pease, Barley, Spelt, Oats, &c. of these such are most usual in Coat-Armour, as are accu∣stomed to be bound up in Sheaves, as Wheat, Rie, Cumin, &c. as in part by these next Ex∣amples may appear.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, issuant out of a Mount, in Base, three Wheat-stalks, bladed and ear∣ed, all proper. This is a Venetian Coat-Ar∣mour, and pertaineth to the Family of Garzoni. And here we see a a Mount born, which

we beforementioned, as a bearing of the na∣ture of one of the four Elements. As before we honoured the Milstone with the name of the chief of precious Stones, so may we justly give precedence to this Plant above all other in the World, no one kind of food being so necessary for preservation of mans life as this; which therefore the Scripture calls the staff of bread, because it upholds the very being of mankind. For which cause, as the Heathens accounted Ceres, and others, as gods, for in∣venting means to increase Corn; so are those to be held enemies to mankind, whosoever through covetousness overthrow Tillage, as by Inclosures, and depopulations of Villages, &c. And how inestimable a blessing Corn is, may by this be conceived, that no Country is said to have a Famine so long as it hath Corn, though all other things be scarce: But if all o∣ther things abound, and Corn be wanting, that one want bringeth both the name and the hea∣vy punishment of a Famine.

Among the manifold blessings promised by God to the observers of his Laws, plenty of Corn is reckoned one of the chiefest, Lev. 26. 3. If ye walk in my statutes, and keep my commandements, and do them; then will I give you rain in due season, and the Land shall yield her increase, and the Trees of the field shall yield their fruit and your thresh∣ing shall reach unto the Vintage, and the Vin∣tage shall reach unto the sowing time; and you shall eat your bread to the full, and dwell in your land safely. And again, Deut. 8. 7. For the Lord thy God bringeth thee into a good Land; a Land of Brooks of Water, of Foun∣tains and Depths that spring out of Valleys and Hills; a Land of Wheat and Barley, and Vines and Figg-trees, and Pomegranats; a Land of Oyl-olive and Honey; a Land where∣in thou shalt eat bread without scarceness, thou shalt not lack any thing in it; a Land whose Stones are Iron, and out of whose Hills thou mayest digg Brass.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, three Ears of Guiny Wheat, couped and bla∣ded, Or, by the Name of Grandgorge. This is a kind of Grain not much inferiour to our Wheat for use; but for multiplication, beauty, and largeness, much be∣yond it: And of this most undoubtedly true is the saying of our Saviour, that one Grain bringeth forth fifty, yea an hundred fold: and such should be the increases of God's graces in us, which are not put into us there to die ut∣terly, but to increase to our own good, and the givers glory. Saint Paul makes an excellent Argument here to satisfie a very natural man, touching the Resurrection of the dead, which is no more unpossible, than for dead Corn to sprout out of the Earth much more flourish∣ing, yea and more abundant than it was cast in.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, on a Bend, Argent, three Rie stalks, Sable, by the Name of Rye, or Reye. Were it that these stalks had been born in their proper kind, it would have beautified the Coat greatly, and made the same much more commendable for bearing, by how much sweet and kindly ripened Corn is more valua∣ble and to be desired, than that which is bla∣sted and mildew'd; that being a special blessing of God, and this the express and manifest to∣ken of God's heavy wrath inflicted upon us for our sins; as appeareth in the Prophet A∣mos 4. 9. I have smitten you with blasting and mildew, &c. and likewise in Haggai the se∣cond the same words are used.

[illustration]

The Field is Ermyn, two Flaunches, Azure, each charged with 3 Ears of Wheat, couped, Or, by the Name of Greby of Northampton∣shire. It maketh not a little to the comm••n∣dation of this Grain, that it is taken in the Scripture for the faithful; where it is said, Which hath his fann in his hand, and will make clean his floor, and gather his Wheat into his Garner, &c.

These sorts of Grain are most usually born in Coat-Armour bound up in sheaves, and band∣ed of the same Metal or Colour; yet shall you find their Band sometimes of a diverse Metal or Colour from them.

[illustration]

The Field is Azure, a Garbe, Or. This Coat-Armour pertaineth to the ancient Family of Gravenor of Cheshire, whose name was anci∣ently written Grosve∣nour, or Grosvenor, as it is at this day. They bear this Garbe from their Ancestors, who were of Consanguinity to the ancient Earls of Chester, as it is proved in the Record of that famous Suit betwixt Sir Richard Scroope Plaintiff, and Sir Robert Grosvenour Defendant, for their Arms, in An∣no 12. Regis Richardi Secundi. For with William the Conqueror came Hugh Lupus his Nephew, and with the said Hugh Lupus came

one Gilbert le Grosvenour, Nephew to the said Hugh, who was Ancestor to the said Sir Robert Grosvenour; from whom is lineally descended Sir Richard Grosvenour of Eaton in the County Palatine of Chester, Knight and Baronet, Heir-male of that Family; and is now born by Sir Thomas Grosvenor of Eaton in the said County, Baronet. This Coat, without the Arms of Vlster, is born by Walter Gros∣venor of Bishbury in Staffordshire, Esquire. A like unto this is born by Holmeshed, saving that the band of that Garb is Vert. There is a kind of wretched Cormorants, whose Garbs are so fast bound, that the poor curseth their merciless hearts. And such an one was Hatto Abbot of Fulda, who suffered Rats rather to eat up his corn, then he would help the wants of the poor; but his punishment was answer∣able thereunto; for the Rats devoured him, though he guarded himself in a Castle purpose∣ly built in the midst of the river Rhene, which is there this day to be seen.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, 3 Garbs, Or, by the name of Preston. This Coat was born by Robert Co∣myn a Scot, who at the time of the Conquest was Earl of Cumberland, and held all that Coun∣trey beyond all the Ri∣ver Tyne; but after William Rufus's time he was taken prisoner, with Roger Mowbrey Earl of Northumberland, and was by King Henry the First disinherited. Here you may observe that I mention not the bands of Garbs, because they differ not in Metal or Colour from the Garbs. Sometimes you shall find these Garbs born with an Ordi∣dinary interposed between them, as in this next Example.

[illustration]

The Field is Pearl, a Cheveron between 3 Garbs, Ruby. This Coat-Armour pertain∣eth to the Right Ho∣nourable Edmund Earl of Mulgrave, Baron Sheffield of Butter∣wick, and Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter. an Escocheon like unto this (but of different Colour and Metal, viz. the Field, Saphire, a Cheveron between 3 Garbs, Topaz) was born by Sir Christopher Hatton, late Lord Chancellor of England, Counsellor to that Peerless Queen Elizabeth, of immortal memory: A coat well befitting his magnificence and bounteous Hospitality, wherein he hath scarce had any Rival ever since.

Azure, a Cheveron, between three Garbs, Or, is the Coat-Armour of the Hattons, the chief Ornament now existing in the person of the Right Honourable Christopher Lord Hat∣ton of Kirby, Governour of his Majesties Island of Garnsey.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, seven Wheat-sheaves, four, two, and one, Or, by the Name of Dolman, and is the paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Thomas Dolman of Shaw in Berkshire, Kt. and one of the Clerks attending his Majesties most Honou∣rable Privy Councel.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Cheveron engrailed be∣tween three Garbs or Wheat-sheaves, Argent, by the Name of Field, and is born by Thomas Field of Stanstead Bury in the County of Hert∣ford, Esq.

[illustration]

The Field is Or, on a Fess, Azure, three Garbs of the first, by the Name of Vernon. This is an ancient Family of Che∣shire, and descended of the worthy Stem of Vernons that were Ba∣rons of Shipbrook, and do bear these Garbs for a difference from the elder House that did bear Or, only a Fess, Azure. And the reason of the bearing of their Garbs was, for that they would make known that they were descended from the said Barons of Shipbrook, who anci∣ently held of the Earls of Chester.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Fess between 3 Garbs, Or, by the Name of Lewhite of Bromham in Wiltshire. The Garb signifieth in Heraldry plenty or abundance; and that the first Bearer did deserve well for his Hospitality.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Fess Dauncette, be∣tween six Garbs, Or, by the Name of Rayn∣court. Leigh calleth it a Sheaf of Wheat; but though it were of Rie, Barley, or Cu∣min, or whatsoever it were (saith he) it is sufficient to call it a Garb (which is a French, or rather Teutonick word, signifying a Sheaf) telling the Colour or Metal whereof it is. As to their sole and diverse bearing upon, and with Ordinaries between them, these few Exam∣ples may suffice for the present. Others shall follow in ther places.

[illustration]

He beareth Ermyn, on a Bend, Azure, a Mullet pierced, Or, be∣tween two Garbs, pro∣per, by the Name of Modyford, and is the paternal Coat-Armour of Thomas Modyford of Eastuar in the County of Kent, Esq Colonel of a Regiment of Foot at Port-Royal in the Island of Iamai∣ca, Son and Heir of Sir Thomas Modyford Ba∣ronet, late Governor of the said Island.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, three Bean-Gods Barr-ways, two and one, proper, by the Name of Hardbeane. The Bean in ancient times amongst the Grecians, was of great Authority; for by it they made all the Magistrates of their Commonweals, which were chosen by casting in of Beans, instead of giving of Voices or Suf∣frages. But Pythagoras taught his Scholars to hate the Bean above all other Vegetables, meaning perchance, that they should shun the bearing of any Office; though others give o∣ther reasons of that his Doctrine. Some writ••, that the flowers of the Beans, though very pleasing to the smell, yet are very hurtful to weak brains; and that therefore in the time of their ••••owring there are more foolish than at other times; meaning belike those, who then distill these flowers to make themselves fair therewith.

To this Head must be referred all other sorts of Nutritive Herbs born in Coat-Armour, whe∣ther they produce Grain in Ear, Cod or Husk; or that they be Herbs for the Pot, or Salads; as Betony, Spinage, Coleworts, Lettice, Pur∣slain, Leeks, Scallions, &c. All which I leave to observation, because I labour by all means to pass thorow this vast Sea of the infinite va∣rieties of Nature, with what convenient bre∣vity I may, because Quod brevius est, semper delectabilius habetur; in such things as these, The shorter the sweeter.

CHAP. X.

NEXT after Herbs Nutritive, let us take a taste of Herbs less Nutritive, which are either Coronary or Physi∣cal. Coronary herbs are such, as in respect of their odoriferous smell, have been of long time, and yet are used for decking and trim∣ing of the body, or adorning of houses, or o∣ther pleasurable use for eye or scent; as also in respect of their beautiful shape and colour, were most commonly bestowed in making of Crowns and Garlands; of which uses they re∣ceived their name of Coronary. Amongst which we may reckon the Rose before ex∣pressed, to be one of the chie••est, as also Vio∣lets of all sorts, Clove-Gilliflowers, Sweet Majoram, Rosemary, White Daffodil, Spike∣nard, Rose Campion, Daisies, &c. But of all other, the Flower de lis is of most esteem, ha∣ving been from the first bearing, the Charge of a Regal Escocheon, originally born by the French Kings, though tract of time hath made the bearing of them more vulgar; even as pur∣ple was in ancient times a wearing only for Princes, which now hath lost that prerogative through custome. Out of these several kinds I have selected some few Examples, as in the Escocheons following appear.

[illustration]

He beareth Saphir, a Flower de lis, Pearl. This is the paternal Coat-Armour of the R^t Honourable George Earl of Bristol, Lord Digby of Sherborne, and Knight of the most No∣ble Order of the Gar∣ter.

[illustration]

Or, a Flower de lis, Azure, is born by the Name of Portman, and with the Arms of Vlster, is the Coat-Armour of Sir Willi∣am Portman of Or∣chard in Somerset∣shire, Knight of the Bath, and Baronet.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Fess wavy between 3 Flowers de lis, Or, by the Name of Hicks, and with the Arms of Vlster, is the bearing of Sir William Hicks of Rickols in the Parish of Low-Layton in Essex, Knight and Baronet.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a Cheveron between 3 Flowers de lis, Sable. This Coat-Armour per∣tained to the very wor∣shipful Sir Thomas Fan∣shaw Knight of the Bath, his Majesties Re∣membrancer of his Highness's Court of Ex∣chequer; and was also born by the Right Honourable Thomas Lord Viscount Fanshaw of the Kingdom of Ireland, his Majesties Remembrancer of the Court of Exchequer. This Flower is in Latin called I∣ris, for that it somewhat resembleth the Co∣lour of the Rainbow. Some of the French confound this with the Lily; as he did, who doubting the validity of the Salique Law to de∣bar the Females from the Crown of France, would make it sure out of a stronger Law, be∣cause (forsooth) Lilia non laborant, neque nent; the Lilies neither labour nor spin: which reason excludes as well a laborious Her∣cules, as a spinning Omphale.

Sable, a Cheveron between three Flowers de lis, Argent, is the Coat-Armour of Sir Lionel Ienkins Kt. Judge of his Majesties high Court of Admiralty, and of the Prerogative Court.

Or, a Cheveron, Sable, between three Flow∣ers de lis, Azure, and is the Coat-Armour of Iohn Millecent of Barham-hall in the Parish of Linton in Cambridgeshire, Esq.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Cheveron, Gules, beween three Flowers de lis, Sable, an Ines∣cocheon of the first, charged with a sinister hand couped at the wrist, as the second. This is the Coat-Ar∣mour of that Noble Knight and Baronet, Sir Basil Dixwell of Barham in Kent, whose real expressions of true love and affection to his native Countrey deserves commemoration. Here I name of the first, and as the second, to avoid iteration of the same words, according to the Rule for∣merly given.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Fess, Gules, three Flowers de lis, Or, by the Name of Disney, and is born by Iohn Disney of Swinderby, Esq by Molineux and Gervase Disney of Nor∣ton-Disney of Lincoln∣shire, Esq.

[illustration]

Sable, a Fess Daun∣cette, Or, in chief 3 Flowers de lis, Argent, by the Name of Feak, and is born by William Feak of Stafford in Staf∣fordshire, Gent, Son and Heir of Iohn Feak of London, Gent. deceased.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Fess Nebule, Gules, between six Flowers de lis, Sable, by the Name of Dobson, and is the Coat-Armour of Edw. Dobson of Leverpool in Lancashire, Esq.

[illustration]

Argent, on a Fess Ra∣gule, Azure, three Flow∣ers de lis, Or, ond is the Coat-Armour of Wil∣liam Atwood of Brom∣field in Essex, and of Grays-Inn in Middle∣sex, Esq Son and Heir of Iohn Atwood Esq deceased, by Elizabeth eldest Daughter and Coheir of Patrick Young Esq Son of Sir Peter Young Kt. Almoner and Privy Counsellor of Scotland to King Iames.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, on a Cheveron engrailed, between six crosses Pa∣tee-Fitchee, Or, three Flowers de lis, Azure, each charged on the top with a Plate, by the name of Smith of Nibley, in the County of Glocester. The Plate is the Representation of Silver Bullion fitted for the stamp, and therefore need not have o∣ther blazon than its own name. Armorists hold that this bearing of Sable, and Or, an∣swers

to Diamond joyned with Gold, whereof each giveth honour to the other; and it may well beseem a Bearer, whose sober and well composed conditions are accompanied with the lustre of shining vertues.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Be••d, Argent, between six Flowers de lis, Or, by the Name of Red∣mere. This Coat-Ar∣mour have I added in regard of the variety of bearing hereof from those before handled, inasmuch as in this one Escocheon is comprehended the full number contained in both the former; as also to make known in what manner, these or other char∣ges of like bearing must be placed, the same being born entire: But if they were strewed, or (as I may better terme it) seminated all o∣ver the Field, then were it not a Bend between, but upon, or over them; forasmuch as in such bearing only the halves of many of them, or some greater or lesser portion of them would appear as well under the Bend, as in the limits or Edges of the Escocheon.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Cross, Sable, five Flowers de lis of the first: This Coat-Ar∣mour in the time of K. Henry the Fourth, ap∣pertained unto Robert le Neve of Tivetishall in the County of Nor∣folk (as appeareth by Seals of old Deeds and ancient Rolls of Arms) from whom are descended those of that Sur∣name now remaining at Aslactun, Witching∣ham, and other places in the said County. If this Cross were seminated all over with Flow∣ers de lis, shewing upon the sides or edges thereof but the halves of some of them, then it should be blazoned Semy de Flowers de lis; and the like is to be observed when they be so born on any other Ordinary or Charge.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, on a Cross between four Flowers de lis, Argent, five Pheons, Azure, by the Name of Banks, and with the Arms of Vlster, is the Coat-Armour of Sir Iohn Banks of the Friers in the Parish of Aylesford in Kent, Baronet.

[illustration]

Sable, three Lozenges, Argent, on a Chies, Or, as many Flowers de lis, Gules, by the Name of Pedley, and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Nicholas Pedley of Tetworth in Huntingtonshire, Kt.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Saltire, Sable, five Flowers de lis, Or. This Coat-Armour pertained to Sir Thomas Hawkins of Nash in Kent, Kt. I have inserted this Esco∣cheon, not only to shew you that this Flower is born upon this kind of Ordinary, but also to give demonstration that the Saltire charged containeth the third part of the Field, according to the Rule formerly given.

[illustration]

The Field is Sable, three Lilies slipped, their stalks, seeds, blades and leaves, Ar∣gent. These Arms per∣tain to the Colledge of Winchester, founded by the renowned Archi∣tect, William Wick∣ham, Bishop of Winton, who contrived those many and most curious Castles and other Buildings of King Edward the Third's. And besides this goodly Colledge of Winton, built another magnificent Colledge (called the New Colledge) in the University of Oxford: two such absolute Foundations, as never any King of this Land did the like. This Wickham having finished the Castle of VVindsor, caused to be inscribed on the Wall of the round Tower, This made VVickham; which caused such as were envious of his high favour, to suggest unto the King, that he ar∣rogated all the honour of that great Work to himself: but he pleasantly satisfied the King, saying, That he wrote not, VVickham made this; but, This made VVickham; because by his service in these Works he had gained his Sovereign's Princely favour.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Fess Nebule, between three Trefoils slipped, Gules. This Coat per∣tained to George Thorpe of VVanswell in the County of Glocester, Esq one of the Honou∣rable Band of his Ma∣jestie's Gentlemen Pen∣sioners. The Trefoil is accounted the Hus∣bandman's Almanack, because when it shutteth in the leaves, it foretelleth rain; and therefore the Fess Nebule representing the rainy clouds, is not unaptly joyned with it. This Leaf be∣ing grassy, some may marvel I should reckon it amongst the Coronaries: but they must know, that in ancient Roman times, amongst other sorts of Crowns, the Graminea Corona, or grassy Crown, was of very high honour to the wearer.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a Che∣veron, between three Trefoils slipped, Sable, by the Name of Abdy, and with the Arms of Vlster, is the Coat-Ar∣mour of Sir Iohn Abdy of Stapleford-Abbot in Essex, Baronet.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a Che∣veron engrailed, be∣tween three Trefoils slipped, Sable, by the Name of VVilliamson, and is the paternal Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Sir Ioseph VVilliamson of Milbeck∣hall in Cumberland Kt. one of his Majestie's principal Secretaries of State.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, on a Bend, Argent, three Trefoils slipped, Vert, by the Name of Hervey, and is the Coat-Armour of the Honourable Iohn Hervey of Ickworth in Suffolk, Treasurer to her Majesty Queen Ka∣tharine.

[illustration]

Or, on a Cheve∣ron, between three Trefoils slipped, Sa∣ble, as many Mul∣lets of the Field, by the Name of Hol∣worthy, and is the paternal Coat-Ar∣mour of Sir Matthew Holworthy of Great Palsgrave in Nor∣folk, Kt.

[illustration]

Or, on a Bend cotized, Azure, between six Tre∣foils slipped, Vert, three Escallop-shells of the first. This is the bear∣ing of Iohn Rowe of the City of Bristol, Gent. descended from the an∣cient Family of the Rowes of VVindley-hill in the County of Der∣by

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, three Quaterfoils, Ar∣gent, by the Name of Vincent, and with the Arms of Vlster, is the paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Fran∣cis Vincent of Stoke-Dabernon in Surrey, Baronet.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Cheveron, Sable, three Quaterfoils, Or, by the Name of Eyre, and is born by the Fa∣mily of the Eyres of Dorsetshire, and of New-Sarum in VVilt∣shire, from whom is descended Mr. Nicho∣las Eyre of the City of London.

[illustration]

Or, a Cheveron, be∣tween three Cinque∣foils, Gules, by the Name of Chicheley, and is the Coat-Ar∣mour of the Right Honourable Sir Iohn Chicheley of VVimp∣ley in Cambridgeshire, Kt. Master of the Ord∣nance, and one of his Majesties most Honourable Privy Councel, &c.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Bend, Or, in the sinister Chief a Cinquefoil, Er∣myn. This was the Coat-Armour of Sir E∣rasmus de la Fontaine of London, Kt. deceased, whose Lady was Sister to the Right Honoura∣ble Baptist Lord Vis∣count Camden.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Bend engrailed, be∣tween six Cinque∣foils, Or, by the Name of Povey, and is the paternal Coat-Armour of Tho. Po∣vey. Esq one of the Masters of the Re∣quests to his Majesty King Charles the Se∣c••nd.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cross quarter-pierced between five Cinque∣foils, Vert. This Coat, with a due difference, is born by Thomas Hodgskins of Hamer∣smith in Middlesex, Gent. descended from the Hodgskins of Glo∣cestershire.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Cheveron between ten Cinquefoils, four, two, one, two, and one, Ar∣gent. This Coat-Ar∣mour pertaineth to the worshipful Family of Barkley of Wymund∣ham, which descended out of the right Noble Progeny of the Lord Barkley. This Coat is of an usual kind of blazon, and therefore I held it the fitter to be here inserted, as a pat∣tern for all such Coat-Armours, whose Charges are marshalled in this order. The Cinquefoil is an herb wholsome for many good uses, and is of ancient bearing in Escocheons. The num∣ber of the leaves answer to the five senses in a man; and he that can conquer his affections, and master his senses, (which sensual and vi∣cious men are wholly addicted unto) he may worthily, and with honour, bear the Cinque∣foil, as the sign of his fivefold victory over a stronger enemy than that three-headed Mon∣ster Cerberus.

[illustration]

He beareth Saphir, a Cinquefoil, Ermyn, a Bordure engrailed, To∣paz. This is the Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Iacob Lord Astley, Baron of Rea∣ding, &c. and with the addition of the Arms of Vlster, is the Coat-Ar∣mour of Sir Iacob Ast∣ley of Melton-Constable in Norfolk, Baronet. Of this Family there hath successively been Barons of Parliament from the time of King Edward the First, to the Reign of King Hen∣ry the Fifth, and one Knight of the Garter in the Reign of King Henry the Sixth.

[illustration]

Argent, a Fess en∣grailed, between three Cinquefoils within a Bordure, Sable. This is the paternal Coat-Armour of Thomas Fo∣ley of Witley-Court in Worcestershire, Esquire, Father of Thomas Foley of the said place, Esq of Paul Foley of Stoak-Court in Herefordshire, Esq and of Philip Fo∣ley of Prestwood in Staffordshire, Esq

[illustration]

Argent, three Cinque∣foils, Gules, each charg∣ed with five Annulets, Or, by the Name of Southwell, and is the paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Robert Southwell Kt. one of the Clerks attending his Majesty in his most Honourable Privy Councel; whose Family is now seated at Kingsale in the Kingdom of Ireland, but were formerly of Woodrising in Norfolk, and were anciently of the Town of Southwell in the County of Nottingham.

[illustration]

He beareth Saphir, Crusuly three Cinque∣foils, Pearl. This is the Coat-Armour of the Right Hono••rable Co∣nyers D'arcy, Baron D'arcy, Meynnille, and Conyers, descended from Iohn Lord D'arcy and Meynnille, Chamberlain to King Edward the Third; whose Son and Heir, the Honourable Conyers D'arcy Esq is High Steward of his Majesties Honour of Richmond-Castle, and Richmondshire, chief Bailiff of the Liberty

thereof, Constable of Middleham-Castle, and Master of Arhengarthdale Forest.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cheveron, Sable, be∣tween three Colum∣bines slipped, proper, by the name of Hall, of Coventry. The Co∣lumbine is pleasing to the eye, as well in re∣spect of the seemly (and not vulgar) shape, as in regard of the Azury colour thereof; and is holden to be very medicinable for the dis∣solving of impostumations or swellings in the throat.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, three Gilliflowers slip∣ped, proper, by the Name of Iorney. These kinds of Flowers, for beauty, variety of co∣lour, and pleasant re∣dolency, may be com∣pared with the choicest attires of the Garden: yet because such daintiness and affected adorn∣ings better befit Ladies and Gentlewomen, than Knights and men of valour, whose worth must be tried in the Field, not under a Rose-bed, or in a Garden-plot; therefore the ancient Gene∣rous made choice rather of such herbs as grew in the fields, as the Cinquefoil, Trefoil, &c.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cheveron, Gules, between three Blue∣bottles slipped, proper, by the Name of Chor∣ley, an ancient Family in the County Palatine of Lancaster. These few Examples may suffice to shew that all others of like kind (which I for brevity sake voluntarily pass over) are to be reduced unto this Head of Coronary Herbs; from which we will now proceed to the Physical, whose chief and more frequent use consisteth in asswaging or curing of Maladies and Diseases. And of these some are Aromatical, which for the most part, in respect of their familiar and plea∣sing nature, do serve for the corroborating and comforting of the inward parts of man's body, and for that purpose are oft used in meats; of which sort are Saffron, Ginger, and such like: Others are meerly Medicinal, and such as a man (were it not for necessity) would wish rather to wear in his Escocheon, than in his Belly. Examples of which kinds I will wil∣lingly pass over, only as it were pointing out with the finger unto what head they must be reduced, if any such be born in Arms. Of the Plants, Trees, Fruits, and Herbs beforemen∣tioned, some are Forein, and some Dome∣stical; some grow in Mountains, some in Ma∣rish and Fenny Grounds, some by the Rivers, some by the Sea-coast. Concerning their cau∣ses, natures, and effects, Philosophers, Phy∣sicians and Herbalists do seriously dispute; and doubtless they are the admirable work of the most Omnipotent God, who has sent as many kinds of Medicines, as of Maladies; that as by the one we may see our own wretchedness, so by the other we might magnifie his goodness towards man, on whom he hath bestowed Fruit for meat, and Leaves for medicine.

CHAP. XI.

HAving hitherto handled that part of our distribution which comprehendeth things Vegetable, proceed we now to the other concerning things sensitive, which are all sorts of Animals or Creatures indued with senses. The senses, as likewise the sen∣sitive Soul, are things in themselves not visi∣ble, and therefore estranged from the Herald's uses: But because they reside in bodies of dif∣fering parts and qualities from any other be∣forementioned; therefore in handling of these sensitive Creatures, I hold it requisite to be∣gin with their parts (for of them the whole is raised;) and these are either the parts con∣tained, or containing, or sustaining.

But since we are now to speak of things sen∣sitive (and amongst them) first of Terrestri∣al Animals and their parts, it shall not be im∣pertinent to produce some few causes amongst many, why these Terrestrial Animals and Man were created in one day, viz. the sixth day.

First, because God had appointed the Earth to be the joint habitation of man and beast to∣gether. Secondly, in respect of the near re∣semblance, both of bodily parts and natural properties, that these Terrestrials have of Man, in respect either of Fowls or of Fishes. Lastly, for that very many of them were to serve for man's ease and necessary use: As Oxen to till the ground; Horses for his ease in travel; Dogs to be watchful keepers of his house; and others for other his necessary and Domestical uses.

There is no Animal but hath at the least these parts, viz. Head, wherewithal to re∣ceive food, and wherein their senses have their residence; a Belly, to receive and concoct his meat; Intrails, whereby to eject the superflu∣ities or excrements of aliment; Members also, serving for the use and exercise of the senses, and others ordained for motion from place to place; for without these Members he can∣not receive food or nutriment, neither feel nor move: Therefore there is neither labour∣ing

beast, or beast of savage kind, domestical reptiles, or other, that can be without these bodily parts.

By the name of Soul and Life, wherewith all sorts of Animals are endued from God, Mo∣ses teacheth us, that there is no living creature to be found that hath not either true and na∣tural blood, or at the least some kind of hot humour that is to it instead of blood; Anima enim cujusque Animalis in Sanguine est, as Moses teacheth Leviticus 17. and in sundry o∣ther places; and in the common received o∣pinion of all men, In humido & calido consistit vita.

That which is spoken of divers kinds of Insecta, that there is no blood to be found in them, it is to be understood to be meant of true, perfect, and natural blood; but of necessity they must have instead thereof some kind of humour in them that hath the quality of blood, viz. that is both hot and moist as afaresaid, else can they not live.

Concerning Animals in general, it is not to be doubted, but that all sorts of them, as well those of savage and ravenous kind, as those of domestical and labouring kind, as also venom∣ous Serpents, of themselves, and of their own nature, were themselves good, and might be good to others, and profitable for man's use; for asmuch as it is said, Et vidit Elohim quod bonum: But in that they are now become noi∣some and painful to man, that is per Accidens; for this is occasioned by the sin and transgressi∣on of man, whereby all things became accursed for his sake.

The utility or benefit that cometh to man by these Terrestrial Animals is twofold; the one pertaining to the Body, the other to the Soul. The corporal benefit that cometh to man by them, who knoweth not? For daily experience sheweth us how beneficial the use of horses, oxen, kine, calves, sheep, and other sorts of beast and cattel of all sorts, are for the service of man; whereof some serve us for food, some for raiment, some for carriage, some for tillage, and other for divers other uses. Of this use of them Moses saith, That God hath subjected all things to man, Omnia sub∣jecisti sub pedibus ejus, &c. and made him Ruler over the fishes of the Sea, the fowls of the Air, and the beasts of the Land; whereby he giveth us to understand, That all sorts of A∣nimals were created for the divers uses of man, and each one of them ordained to a several end. But their spiritual use is farr more noble and excellent, by how much the soul surpasseth the body in dignity and worthiness.

And their use consisteth not alone in this, that by the consideration of them we are led to the knowledge of God, and of his wisdom, power and goodness (for this use have all things else that are created) as appeareth Romans 1. and elsewhere: But also that in these Animals God hath proposed to us such notable examples of imitation, in respect of vices to be eschew∣ed, that, the sacred Scriptures excepted, there is no moral Precepts can better instruct us than these Animals do, which are daily in our view, and of which we have daily use: amongst these we may produce some examples of fishes and fowls, but many more may we gather from Terrestrial Animals. And to the end we should shun the ignorance of things, such especially as are Celestial, David, the Kingly Prophet, proposeth to us for examples, the Horse and Mule saying, Non eritis sicut Equus & Mulus, in quibus non est intellectus.

Like as Natural Philosophy consisteth in o∣ther things, so doth it chiefly in the knowledge of Animals, viz. in the understanding of their wisdome, natures and properties: which know∣ledge hath been approved by God himself from the beginning; and not only approved, but also ordained and given to Adam; for Moses saith, God brought these Animals unto Adam, to the end that he should advisedly view and consider them; to the end that Adam should give them names answerable to their shapes, natures, proportion, and qualities; and that the imposition of these names should not be ca∣sually or at adventure (for God abhorreth all disorder and confusion) but deliberately and according to reason, so as every thing might be aptly distinguished from other, by their par∣ticular names, and according to their several natures and dispositions; and that for our be∣nefit, that we hearing their names, and un∣derstanding their significations may be led to the understanding of their natural properties, for which Etymology, or true interpretation and derivation of words is very behoofful and of great use.

The parts contained are Humours and Spi∣rits, whereof only the first is used in Coat-Armours, wherein are represented sometimes drops of blood, and sometimes tears, which both are naturally humours contained, though in Armory they are supposed no longer to be contained, but shed forth. The bearing of this humour, blood, is understood to be ever∣more born Drop-meale (as I may so term it) or by drops. Which manner of bearing is in blazon termed Gutte, of the Latin word Gut∣ta, which signifieth a drop of any thing that is either by Nature liquid, or liquefied by Art. These drops do receive a different manner of blazon, according unto their different colour, or diversity of the substance whereof they do consist, as by Examples shall appear.

[illustration]

He beareth, Argent, Gutte de Sang, by the Name of Lemming. These drops are sel∣dome born of them∣selves alone, but ra∣ther upon or with some other kind of Charge, either ordi∣nary or extraordinary, or else dividedly, by means of the interpositi∣on of some of the lines of Partition hereafter to be handled. These are termed Guttae de Sang. Quia ex guttis sangninis constant; because they signifie drops of blood, wherein the life consist∣eth. And if the blood of those, who boast of their generous blood, should once drop forth of their veins, no difference would appear be∣twixt it and the meanest man's blood; unless perhaps it be in this, that usually it is more corrupt and vitiated; whereas in the poorer sort it is more healthful and pure. Which should teach such great ones not to prize their blood at too high a rate, but rather to excel others in vertues, since they cannot surpass in that humour, which is alike in all: And if they look in the first originals of both sorts, they shall find, that Adam was the first Ancestor of the Poor, as well as of the Mighty; and so the one of them as anciently descended as the other.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Pale, Or, Gutte de Sang, by the Name of Player, and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Thomas Player of Hackney in Middle∣sex, Kt. Chamber∣lain of the Honou∣rable City of Lon∣don, succeeding his Father Sir Thomas in the said Office.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, Gutte de Sang, a Cross, Gules, by the Name of Fitz of Fitzford in the County of Devon. This is the most prin∣cipal and predominant humour, whereby the life of all Animals is nourished and continu∣ed, and whose defect bringeth present death. For the life of all flesh is his blood, it is joined with his life: Therefore I said unto the chil∣dren of Israel, Ye shall eat the blood of no flesh; for the life of all flesh is the blood thereof, who∣soever eateth shall be cut off.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, Gutte de Larmes, or de Larmettes, a Che∣veron voided, Sable, by the Name of St. Maure. This is that other humour before∣mentioned; and this bearing is called Gutte de Larmes, Quia ex Lacrymarum guttis constant, because they re∣present drops of tears falling; these Gutte are always understood to be of colour blue.

In blazoning of Coat-Armours charged with drops, you must evermore consider the sub∣stance whereof they are, and to give them a denomination accordingly, so shall you not need to name their colour at all; forasmuch as by their substance their colours are easily con∣ceived, whereof I will give you some few Ex∣amples in these Escocheons next following; which albeit they may seem to be unduly be∣stowed with these, yet in respect of their uni∣form manner of bearing, to wit, by drops (as the former) I have chosen rather to sort them together with these, than to bestow them con∣fusedly under several Heads.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Turnip, Proper, a Chief, Or, Gutte de Larmes. This is a wholesome Root, and yieldeth great relief to the poor, and prospereth best in a hot sandy ground, and may signifie a per∣son of good disposition, whose vertuous demeanour flourisheth most prosperously even in that soil, where the scorch∣ing heat of Envy most aboundeth. This dif∣fereth much in nature from that whereof it is said, And that there should not be among you any root that bringeth forth gall and worm∣wood.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, Gutte deEau, a Canton, Ermyn, by the Name of Dannet. This word Eau is a French word, and signifieth the same that Aqua doth in La∣tin, which is as much as to say, He beareth drops of water. If he should blazon it in English, the proper colour thereof is Argent. This had been a worthy Escocheon for a Souldier of that Christian Le∣gion, called Fulminatrix, at whose prayers in a great drought God poured down rain in the sight of the Heathen, as Eusebius testifieth, and yet they were no Freshwater Souldiers;

but were as ready to have embrued their Esco∣cheons with drops of blood, as to have thus sprinkled them with drops of rain.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, Gutte de Poix, a Chief, Nebule, Gules, by the Name of Roydenhall. This word Poix is a French word, and is the same that we call Pitch in English. Yet among our English Blazoners these colours and drops are termed Gutte de Sable. This Coat serveth aptly to give warrantize of the bearing of Chiefs, consisting of some of the bunched lines beforementioned in the first Se∣ction. There are Ordinaries framed of sundry other former sorts of lines, before expressed in the first Section, which I leave to the strict observation of the curious searchers of those things.

[illustration]

He beareth, Argent, a Cross engrailed, Sable, charged with Gutte de Or, by the Name of Milketfield. These drops may be understood to be drops either fusible or molten, as Gold either molten in fire, or other∣wise liquefied, whereby it may be distilled Dropmeal.

Note, that if such kind of drops be Or, then shall they be taken as representations of fusible or liquid Gold: if they be Vert, then shall they be taken to be drops of Oyl-olive, as hereafter shall appear, when I shall speak of Coat-Ar∣mours, whose fields have no tincture predomi∣nating. But to return to the humour of blood (from which we have upon occasion hitherto digressed) it is infallible that there is no Animal or living Creature but hath in it either blood, or some other kind of hot humour in quality like thereunto, as I have said before.

These humours beforementioned, in respect of their moist and fluent nature, do stand in need of some other thing to contain them; and such containing parts are either the outmost includer, which is the skin (of which we have already spoken in the first Section, where we treated of Furrs) or the whole Body it self, with the several members and parts thereof; all which, because they need their supporters, those we will first speak of, and so descend unto the whole bearings and parts.

But I will first shew you an Example of the bearing of dead mens sculls, and then proceed to the supporting parts.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Cheveron, Gules, three dead mens sculls of the first, by the Name of Bolter. This kind of bearing may serve to put both the proper owner of this Coat-Ar∣mour, and also the seri∣ous spectators of the same in mind of the mortality of thir bodies and last end.

Parts of support, whereof we have use in Arms, are those solid substances which sustain the Body, viz. the Bones, whereby the Body is not only underpropped, but also carried from place to place, by help of their ligatures and sinews. Of the use of these in Coat-Ar∣mour you shall have Examples in these Esco∣cheons next following.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Shinbone in Pale, sur∣mounted of another in Cross, Argent, by the Name of Baynes, and is the Coat of Iohn Baynes of the Inner-Temple London, Esq one of the Counsel of the City of London, el∣dest Son of Iohn Baynes of the Parish of St. Olive in the Old Iury, London, Esq who holdeth in Knights Service several Capital Messuages, Lands, and Tenements of the King's Majesty in Essex. I do give this form of blazon hereunto, because the first lieth near∣er to the field than the other doth; for they cannot be properly said to be a Cross of Bones, because they be not incorporated one with a∣nother, but are dividedly severed by interpo∣sing the purflings.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, two Shinbones Saltire∣ways, the sinister sur∣mounted of the dexter, by the Name of New∣ton, and is the Coat of Thomas Newton of Duffield, and Robert Newton of Mickleover in Derbyshire, Gent. To this Coat-Armour I give the blazon in the former, for the reason before delivered. Con∣cerning bones, Iesus Syrach recording the fame and vertues of Iosua, Caleb, and Samuel, saith, Let their bones flourish out of their place, and their names by succession remain in them that are most famous of their children, Eccles. 46. 12. And though they seem like the wi∣thered bones in Ezekiel's vision, yet shall they revive again by vertue and power of him who

died on the Cross, and of whom it was said, Not a bone of him shall be broken. Thus in brief you see the use of these parts of sup∣port.

CHAP. XII.

IN following the tract which our method first chalked out unto us, we are at length come to such blazons, as do present to the eyes those sensitive things which we called the Containing, because they are the mansion, in which not only the blood and spirits, but also the bones (which we named the parts sustain∣ing) are inclosed. These are Animals or li∣ving Creatures, with their parts and members. An Animal is any substance consisting both of a body fitted for divers functions, and of a soul giving life, sense, and motion.

Animals (saith Zanchius) especially such as do produce a living creature, have a more near resemblance of man, both as touching the parts of their bodies, as also concerning the fa∣culties of their mind, and subtilty and quick∣ness of wit; for their bodies also do consist (like as ours do) of flesh, sinews, arteries, bones, gri••tles and skin, &c. In like sort they have head, neck, breasts, back, a chine or backbone, thighs, legs and feet: As also hearts, lights, liver, spleen, guts, and other inward parts as we have: Furthermore, they do participate with us in our actions, as to eat, drink, sleep, watch and move: albeit in many other things they are much unlike us.

In the handling of Animals, it might be a scruple, whether the bearing of such creatures whole should have precedence in their bearing before their parts, and also in what rank and order the several kinds of creatures are to be marshalled by us, that thereby the dignity of their bearing may be best conceived; because the dignity of those things that are born in Coat-Armour, being truly known, and duly considered, doth not a little illustrate the wor∣thiness of the bearers in the displaying of their Ensigns. For taking away these scruples, I hold it requisite, before I proceed to give Ex∣amples, first to set down certain notes by way of introduction to that which followeth, shew∣ing how the dignity of these Animals, hereaf∣ter to be handled, is to be accounted of, either in a relative respect of things of distinct Na∣tures compared one to another, or in a compa∣rative reference of Animals of the same kind each to other.

This dignity cannot be better understood, than by taking a considerate view of that Or∣der, which the Author of all Order, and the most wise and powerful Disposer of all things, did observe, not only in the creation of the Celestial, but also of the Elementary parts of the World, with their several Ornaments, wherein be observed a continual progression from things of less perfection, to things more perfect. For, was there not a Chaos without from and void, before it came to that admira∣ble beauty, whereof it is said, Loe, it was very good? In the Celestial, the Sun (the glory thereof) was made after the Firmament, and the Night was before the Day. In the inferi∣or bodies, the Vegetables, as Trees, were made before sensitive and living Creatures: And a∣mongst these, the Fishes (which have neither breath nor voice, and therefore imperfecter) were before the Fowls, and both of them be∣fore terrestrial creatures; and all of all sorts before man, made after God's Image, for whose service all other things were made, as he was made for God's Service. Moreover, in the creation of man, the body was before the soul, which yet is a thing incomparably of more perfection.

By this rude draught of God and Natures admirable method, you may conceive the na∣tural dignity of those creatures, as often as they shall occur in Armory. But as Art hath not always the same end which nature hath (be∣cause the one intendeth the being, the other the knowing of things:) so is not the method of both always alike in attaining their ends; for Natures process is à simplicibus ad composi∣ta, from the single parts to the whole, whereas Art descendeth from the compounds to the simples: in imitation whereof, we shall in this our progress follow this course, that first every whole bearing of any Animal shall precede, and then such parts and members thereof as u∣sually are born; for so every one that first hath seen the whole, will discern the parts the bet∣ter; whereas he that seeth a part (having ne∣ver seen the whole) knoweth not whereof it is a part. And in Coat-Armour the whole bearing of Animals is most worthy, yet is not the bearing of parts to be misliked; but if we consider both the one and the other respective∣ly, then doth the whole bearing farr surmount the parts in honour and dignity.

Neither must we here precisely esteem the worth of every bearing by this order of Na∣ture, because Art doth sometimes stamp a pe∣culiar note of dignity, for some particular re∣spect, as for some especial use, quality, or acti∣on in the things. And this dignity or nobility may have a twofold relation; the one, betwixt Animals of divers kinds, as a Lion and a Spa∣niel, a Woolf and a Lamb; the other, betwixt things of one kind, as whelps of one litter, whereof yet one may be nobler than the other, as the one will run to the Chase, the other to the Pottage Pot. And forasmuch as the living things beforementioned, as well vegetable as sensitive, have their peculiar vertues worthy imitation, as also their particular vices to be eschewed, and that it is a chief glory to Gen∣tlemen of Coat-Armonr, to have their vertues

displaied under the types and forms of such things as they bear, it is to be wished that each one of them would considerately examin the commendable properties of such significant to∣kens as they do bear, and do his best to mani∣festto the world, that he hath the like in himself: for it is rather a dishonour than a praise for a man to bear a Lion on his shield, if he bear a Sheep in his heart, or a Goofe in his brain; being therein like those Ships, which bear the names of Dreadnought, Victory, and the like, though sometimes it speed with them contra∣ry to their Titles. A true generous mind will endeavour that for his self-vertues, he may be esteemed, and not insist only upon the fame and merits of his Progenitours, the praise whereof is due to them, and not to him.

Nam genus, & proavos, & quae non fecimus ipsi, Vix ea nostra voco,—

Ovid. Met. lib. 13. Verse 140.

Great birth, and blood, and Ancestors high worth, Call them not thine, but what thy self bringst forth.

And now we will proceed to some particular precepts, concerning things sensitive born in Coat-Armour. Wherein first observe, that all sorts of Animals born in Arms or Ensigns, must in blazoning be interpreted in the best sense, that is, according to their most generous and noble qualities, and so to the greatest ho∣nour of their bearers. For example; the Fox is full of wit, and withal given wholly to ••i••ch∣ing for his prey; if then this be the charge of an Escocheon, we must conceive the quality re∣presented, to be his wit and cunning, but not his pilfering and stealing, and so of all other. All Beasts of savage and fierce nature, must be figured and set forth in their most noble and fierce action; as a Lion erected bolt upright, his mouth wide open, his claws extended (as if he were prepared to rent and tear;) for with his teeth and claws he doth exercise his fierce∣ness; in this form he is said to possess his vi∣gor and courage; and being thus formed, he is said to be rampant. Action doth the Pro∣phet David approve to be proper to a Lion, Psal. 22. where describing the crueltie of the wicked towards him, he saith, They raged up∣on me with their mouths, as it were a ramp∣ing and roaring Lion. A Leopard or Wolf must be pourtraied going (as it were) Pede∣tentim, step by step; which form of action (saith Chassanaeus) fitteth their natural disposi∣tion, and is termed Passant: All sorts of pla∣cable or gentle nature, must be set forth ac∣cording to the most noble and kindly action of every of them, as a Horse running or vaulting, a Greyhound coursing, a Deer tripping, a Lamb going with a smooth and easie pace, &c.

And concerning the true placing of Ani∣mals of whatsoever kinds in Armory according to Order, Art, and the Property of their na∣ture; the use of the thing, whereupon they are to be placed or depicted, must be first consider∣ed of, and so must they be placed accordingly, whether they be born bolt upright, passant, or tripping, or howsoever.

As if they be to be placed in Banners, they must be so placed, as that it be agreeable to the natural quality of the thing that is born, Ars enim imitatur naturam in quantum potest: therefore since it is proper for a Banner to be carried upon a staff, according to the use there∣of the staff doth proceed, and the Banner com∣eth after; therefore ought the face to look to∣wards the staff, that is, directly forwards. So is it likewise in every other thing, whose parts are distinguished per Ante & Post; in such the forepart of the thing born shall be placed to∣wards the staff, otherwise it would seem re∣trograde or going backwards, which were mon∣strous to behold.

If a man do bear only the head of some A∣nimal (then most commonly) the forepart thereof cannot aptly regard the staff, but is born sideways chiefly being full faced, whether it be the head of Ram, Bull, &c.

As touching the orderly placing of the feet of Animals, this is a general Rule, That the right foot must be placed formost, Quia dex∣tra pars est principium motus. And withal, it is the most noble part in regard it is the strong∣er and more active, and therefore thus to de∣scribe them, is to set them forth in their com∣mendablest fashion; for Dispositio laudatissima animalis est, ut in omnibus dispositionibus suis sit secundum cursum naturae; that is the best disposition of every creature, which is most a∣greable to nature.

But here you must observe, That in a Ban∣ner, that which is made for the one side, will seem to be the left foot on the contrary side, but that chanceth by accident: and therefore the side next to him that beareth the Banner must be chiefly respected, that the same be formed right in regard of him; like as it is in writing, that side next to the writer is accord∣ing to order; whereas if we turn the paper, all falleth out after a preposterous fashion: Therefore we must chiefly respect the side next the bearer, let the rest fall out as it shall.

Arms are sometimes depicted or embroider∣ed upon the Garments of men, and chiefly up∣on the uppermost vesture of Military persons, especially Emperors, Kings, and their Gene∣rals, and other Commanders in Military Ser∣vices, used to cast over their Armours a kind of short habit, as a Jacket, Mandylian, or such like, whereupon their Arms were richly beau∣tified and curiously wrought; to the end, that in time of service, their Souldiers, who could not be directed by the ear (by reason of the far distance that was oftentimes upon occasion between them and their Commander) they might by their eye 〈◊〉〈◊〉 instructed according to

the necessity of the present service, and might by ocular observation of their Commander (being so eminently clad) know and discern their fit times and opportunities of marching, making a stand, assailing, retiring, and other their like duties, whereupon this kind of short garment was called a Coat-Armour, because it was worn aloft upon their Armour. And it was called Paludamentum, quia ex eo gestans t••le vestimentum palam fiebat omnibus. Such was the Coat-Armour of Alexander that he left in Elymais in the Country of Persia, where∣of mention is made, where it is said, Now when King Antio••hus travelled through the high Countries, he heard that Elymais, in the Countrey of Persia, was a City greatly renown∣ed for riches, silver, and gold. And that there was in it a very rich Temple, wherein were coverings of Gold, Coat-Armours and Harness, which Alexander, King of Macedo∣nia, the son of Philip that reigned first in Grecia, had left there.

For proof that Emperors used to wear Coat-Armours, it shall be to good purpose to pro∣duce the verbal testimony of Bayfius, speak∣ing in these words, Fertur eo die Crassum non purpureo, ut Romanorum Imperatorum mos e∣rat, paludamento ad Milites processisse, sed pallio nigro.

And further the same Author saith, Palu∣damentum verò fuisse Imperatorum, plantem fit ex Tranquillo in Caesare, qui Alexandriae cter∣ca oppugnationem pontis, eruptione hostium subita compulsus in scapham, pluribus eodem praecipitantibus cum desiliisset in mare, n••ndo per ducentos passus evasit ad proximant navem ••lata laeva, ne libelli, quos tenebat, madefie∣rent, paludamentum mordicùs trahens, ne spo∣lio potiretur hostis.

Of all creatures apt to generation and cor∣ruption, Animals are most worthy. All Beasts have a natural and greedy desire for the supply of their wants, insomuch as for the attaining thereof, they do roar, bellow, bray, and cry out exceedingly.

All beasts of savage and harmful kind, are naturally armed with some thing wherewith they may hurt a man, for which they are rec∣koned dangerous, and to be shunned: As the Boar with tusks, the Lion with tallons, the Stagg with horns, the Serpent with poison, &c.

Notwithstanding that the bearing of things properly (whether vegetable or sensitive) is specially commended, yet must not such pecu∣liar•• commendation be extended to derogate from the dignity of other bearings, as if they were of no esteem, in regard they be not born properly; for there are as good and honoura∣ble intendments in these as in them, data pa∣ritate gestantium, if they be as ancient as the former, and their bearers of equal estate and dignity; which is not the least respect that must be holden in the esteem of Coat-Armour, Quia arma nobilitatem sumunt à persona ge∣stantis, Arms are honoured by the bearers. And sometimes the variation from the proper∣ty may be of purpose to prevent some other quality, which may be no lesser honourable than the proper. Besides, it is one thing to bear a living creature in colour or in action di∣verse from nature; and another, to bear him repugnant or contrary to nature; for the for∣mer may be born commendably, but this lat∣ter sort of bearing is holden disgraceful, or ra∣ther is condemned for false Arms, and there∣fore not worthy of bearing. In the blazoning of things born in their natural colour, whether the same be Celestial, except the Sun, Moon, and Stars; or Sublunar, it sufficeth to say, He beareth this Comet, Meteor, Beast, Bird, Fish, Fowl, Plant, Tree, Herb, Flower, &c. Pro∣per, without naming of any colour; for by Proper is evermore understood his natural co∣lours; and for the Sun and Stars, when they be of the colour of the metal Or, which is their natural colour, it sufficeth to say, a Sun, or Star, without adding the word Proper, or Or. And so it is of the Moon, when she is Argent, which in Heraldry is holden her proper co∣lour.

As touching the dignity of things born in Coat-Armour, I have already shewed how the same is to be reckoned in the order of Nature; but if it be considered according to vulgar esti∣mation, then we must hold this for an obser∣vation that seldom faileth, That ••ith every particular Empire, Kingdom, and Nation have their distinct Ensigns of their Sovereign Juris∣diction, look what Beast, Bird, Fish, Fowl, Serpent, &c. he that swayeth the Sovereignty doth bear for his Royal Ensign in each parti∣cular Nation, the same is accounted there to be of greatest dignity. So is the bearing of the Lion chiefly esteemed with us in England, because he is born by his Majesty, for the Royal Ensign of his Highness's Imperial Sovereignty over us: so is the bearing of the Eagle esteemed among the Germans: & in like sort the Flowers de lis amongst the Frenchmen. Four-footed Beasts, whether they be born Proper, or Disco∣loured (that is to say, varying from their natural colour) are to be esteemed more worthy of bear∣ing in Coat-Armour than either Fishes or Fowls are, in regard they do contain in them more worthy and commendable significations of Nobility. Amongst things Sensitive, the Males are of more worthy bearing than the Females. Some men perhaps will tax me of inconsideration, in not treading the usual steps of Armorists in the handling of these sensible Creatures, for that I do not prefer the Lion (in respect of his Regal Sovereignty) before all other Terrestrials. For clearing of my self in this point, I must plead, that the project of my prescript method hath tied me to another form, and doth enforce me to prefer other Beasts in place, before those which otherwise

are preferred in dignity. And albeit I cannot say there was any priority of time in the crea∣tion of Beasts, because God spake the word and it was done, he commanded and they were created; nevertheless in regard of discipline, there is a priority to be observed, wherein those things that do promise us a more easie ac∣cess to the distinct knowledge and understand∣ing of the succeeding documents, ought to have the precedence.

The Order that I prefix to my self in treat∣ing of these Beasts, shall concur with the Ta∣ble of this present Section; as first, to set down Animals of all sorts living upon the Earth: Se∣condly, such as live above the Earth, as Fowls: Thirdly, Watry Creatures: and lastly, Man. And because of the first sort some are gressible, having feet, and some creeping or gliding, as Serpents, we will begin with the gressible; and first with such Beasts as have their feet so∣lid or undivided, or (as I may term them) In∣articulate, that is to say, without toes; then will I proceed to such as have their feet cleft in two; and lastly to Beasts that have their feet divided into many.

CHAP. XIII.

HAving delivered divers Rules and Ob∣servations concerning living things, and their parts in genere, I will now annex such Examples as may demonstrate these seve∣ral sorts of bearing; forasmuch as demonstra∣tions give life and light to ambiguous and doubtful precepts, as Aristotle Ethic. 7. no∣teth, saying, Demonstrationes sunt perfectiores & nobiliores, quando inducuntur post orationes dubitabiles; Demonstrations are ever best af∣ter doubtful passages. Of these briefly, as in the next Escocheon. The Invention of Arms, wherein Beasts, or their parts, are born, are borrowed (saith Sir Iohn Ferne) from the Huns, Hungarians, Scythians, and Saxons, cruel and most fierce Nations, who therefore delighted in the bearing of Beasts of like na∣ture in their Arms; as Lions, Bears, Wolves, Hyenes, and such like; which fashion likewise came into these our Countries when those bar∣barous people over-ran with Conquest the West part of Europe. Now to the end that the Rules and Observations formerly set down may receive both life and warrant by Presi∣dents, I will now exemplifie them in their Or∣der: And first of whole-footed Beasts with their Members.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, an Elephant passant, Ar∣gent, tusked, Or, by the Name of Elphin∣ston. Concerning these Arms that are formed of Beasts, it is to be ob∣served, That generally those are reputed more Noble which do consist of whole Beasts, than are those that are form∣ed of their parts; yet sometimes the parts may be given for some such special services, as may be no less honourable than the whole bearing. The Elephant is a Beast of great strength, but greater wit, and greatest ambi∣tion; insomuch that some have written of them, that if you praise them, they will kill themselves with labour; and if you commend another above them, they will break their hearts with emulation. The Beast is so proud of his strength, that he never bows himself to any (neither indeed can he;) and when he is once down (as it usually is with proud great ones) he cannot rise up again. It was the manner of such as used the force of Elephants (in set Battels) to provoke them to fight by laying before them things of Scarlet or Crim∣son colour, to make them more furious; as we may see 1 Mac. 6. 34. And to provoke the Elephants for to fight, they shewed them the blood of Grapes and Mulberries. Further∣more, they were placed in the strength and heart of the battel, as in the same Chapter ap∣peareth; where it is said, And they set the Beasts according to their ranges, so that by every Elephant there stood a thousand men armed with Coats of Mail, and Helmets of Brass upon their Heads; and unto every Beast were ordained five hundred Horsmen of the best, Verse 35. Which were ready at all times wheresoever the Beast was; and whithersoe∣ver the Beast went, they went also, and de∣parted not from him, Verse 36. The high∣ness and incomparable strength of this Beast may be conceived by this, That be bare thir∣ty two fighting men in strong Towers of Wood fastned upon his back; as we may see expresly set down in the same Chapter in these words; And upon them were strong Towers of Wood that covered every Beast, which were fastned thereon with Instru∣ments: and upon every one were thirty two men that fought in them, and the Indian that ruled him, Verse 37.

[illustration]

He beareth parted per Cheveron, Sable and Argent, three Elephants heads erased, counter∣changed, by the Name of Saunders, a Family of good account in Nor∣thamptonshire; amongst whom is William Saun∣ders of Briaeworth, Esq William Saunders of Welford, Esq and Ambrose Saunders of Si∣bertoft, Esq And is also born by Thomas Saunders of Hadnam in Buckinghamshire, Esq.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a Fess, Gules, between three Elephants heads erased, Sable, by the Name of Fountaine, and was the Coat-Armour of that emi∣nent Lawyer Iohn Fountaine, Esq Ser∣jeant at Law, who left Issue Iohn Fountaine of Melton super Mon∣tem in the West-Riding of Yorkshire, Esq

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, on a Fess between three Elephants heads erased, Argent, as many Mul∣lets of the first, by the Name of Pratte. When any part is thus born with liggs, like pieces of the flesh or skin, de∣pending, it is termed E∣rasing, of the Latin word erado, to scrape or rent off; or of the French, Arrasher, of the same signification. This being the first place of such bearing, I thought good here to observe that this Erasing and Couping are the two common accidents of parts born. Couping is when a part is cut off smooth, as in this next Exam∣ple.

[illustration]

The Field is Pur∣pure, the Proboscide, Trunk or Snout of an Elephant in Pale, cou∣ped, flexed, & reflexed, after the form of a Ro∣man S, Or. Bara, pag. 147. setteth down this for the Coat of Cyneus King of Scythia, where also he noteth, That Idomenes King of Thessaly, the Son of Deucalion, did bear Gules, a Proboscide of an Elephant after this manner, Argent. The Elephant hath great strength in this part, and useth it for his hand, and all other uses of agility, wherein Nature hath re∣compenced the unaptness of his legs, which o∣ther Beasts do use to such services. The Ro∣man Histories do relate of an Elephant of an huge greatness, carried in a shew about Rome, which (as it passed by) a little boy pried in his Proboscis; therewith being enraged, he cast up the child a great height, but received him again on his Snout, and laid him down gently, without any hurt, as if the Beast had considered, that for a childish fault; a childish fright were revenge enough.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Fess, between 3 Colts in full speed, Sable, by the Name of Colt, and is the bearing of Wil∣liam Dutton Colt, Esq Son of George Colt of Colt-hall in Suffolk, Esq by Elizabeth, Daugh∣ter and Coheir of Iohn Dutton of Sherborn in Glocestershire, Esq.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Fess, between three Horses passant, Argent, by the name of Stamp. A Horse erected bolt upright, may be term∣ed enraged, but his noblest action is ex∣pressed in a Saliant form. This of all Beasts for mans uses, is most noble and be∣hoofful, either in Peace or War. And sith his service and courage in the field is so eminent, it may be marvelled, why the Lion should be esteemed a more honourable bearing: But the reason is, because the Horses service and strength is principally by help of his Rider; whereas the Lions is his own: And if the Horse be not mounted, he fights averse, turning his heels to his Adversary; but the Lion encoun∣ters affront, which is more manly. It is ob∣served of the Horse (as also of other whole-footed Beasts) that their Legs are at the first as long as ever they will be: and therefore young Foals scratch their ears with their hin∣der foot, which after they cannot do, because their Legs do grow only in bigness, but not in length, Plin. lib. 11. cap. 48.

The Horse is a Beast naturally stubborn, fierce, haughty, proud and insolent; and of all Beasts there is none that vaunteth more af∣ter victory obtained, or dejected if he be vanquished; none more prone in battel, or de∣sirous of revenge.

[illustration]

Azure, a Pegasus with the wings expanded, Argent. This is the Coat belonging to the Honourable Society of the Inner Temple, be∣ing one of the four Inns of Court.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Horse-head couped, Argent, by the Name of Marshe. The neigh∣ing of the Horse is a token of his great cou∣rage, as appeareth Iob 29. Hast thou given the Horse strength, or covered his neck with neighing? whose fierce∣ness also he singularly describeth thus; He swalloweth the ground for fierceness and rage, and he believeth not that it is the noise of the Trumpet. He saith among the Trumpets, Ha, ha; he smelleth the battel afar off, and the noise of the Captains and shoutings.

[illustration]

He beareth Ermyn, on a Canton, Sable, a Horse-head couped, Ar∣gent, with a Bitt and Rains, Gules, by the Name of Brixton. The undauntable courage of the Horse Iob in the forecited Chapter doth pourtay most lively, saying, Hast thou made him afraid as the Grashopper? his strong neighing is fear∣ful. He diggeth the valley, and rejoyceth in his strength, and goeth forth to meet the har∣nessed man. He mocketh at fear, and is not afraid, and turneth not back from the sword. Though the quiver rattle against him, the glit∣tering Spear and the Shield. To govern him, no less needful is the Bitt and Reins sometimes to hold him in, than is the Spur to put him forward: And therefore David likens an un∣ruly man to a horse, which thou must keep in with bitt and bridle, lest he fall upon thee.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Fess between three Horses heads couped, Argent, by the Name of Skelton, and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Bevil Skelton Esq eldest son of Sir Io. Skel∣ton, late Lieutenant Go∣vernour of Plymouth, who was Page of Honour to his Majesty in his Exile, and now one of the Grooms of his Bed-chamber, and Captain of a Company in his Foot Guards.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Horses head couped, be∣tween three Crosses Bo∣tony fitchee, Argent, by the Name of Marshe, and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Thomas Marshe of Darks in the Parish of South-Mims in Mid∣dlesex, Kt.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Fess, between three Asses Passant, Sable, by the Name of Askewe. The Ass is the lively Emblem of Patience, whom therefore our blessed Saviour (being Patience and Humility it self) honoured with his own riding; which hath made some to fan∣cy ever since that time, that the black line on the ridge of all Asses backs, thwarted with the like over both the shoulders, is stampt on them as the mark of his Cross, whereon he was to shew his Patience by suffering for us.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, an Asses head erased, Sa∣ble, by the Name of Hokenhull; and is born by Richard Hokenhull of Penton in Cheshire, Esquire; as also by Henry Hokenhull of Tranmore, and Iohn Hokenhull of Hokenhull, both of the said County, Gentlemen. In the second of the Kings we read that Benhadad, King of Aram, did beset the City of Samaria with his Host, and laid so strait siege there∣unto, as that an Asses head (which as it seem∣eth was reckoned amongst things of least e∣steem) was valued at fourscore pieces of Sil∣ver; which perhaps gave occasion to the old Proverb, Asini caput ne laves Nitro, Wash not an Asses-head with Niter; which is a matter white, like Salt, and full of holes as a Spunge;

whereby we are admonished not to be bestow our time, charge, and travel in matters of small moment; and not (as we say in our English Pro∣verb) make more ado about the broth than the meat is worth.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Mule passant, Argent, by the Name of Moile. The generation of Mules seemeth to be the inven∣tion of Anah the son of Zibeon: For it is said, Gen. 36. This was Anah that found Mules in the wilderness, as he fed his Father Zibeon's Asses: who not contented with those kinds of beasts which God had created, found out the monstrous generation of Mules, between an Ass and a Mare. A Mule depicted passant hath his chiefest grace.

CHAP. XIV.

AFter beasts whole-footed, succeed those who are cloven-footed, whether into two parts or more. And first for those which have their feet divided into two parts on∣ly, they are for the most part armed with horns, as the following Examples shall illustrate. And by the way this must be noted, That these horned beasts, besides that their Members•• are born couped and erased (like other beasts) have also their heads born trunked; which of some Armorists are blazoned Cabosed, of the word Caho, which in the Spanish Language doth sig∣nifie a head; which form of blazon giveth us to understand, that it is the head of some such beast, born sole, and of it self, having no part of the neck thereto adherent; an accident that sel∣dom befalleth beasts of other kinds, which most usually are born with the neck conjoyned; which form or bearing you shall hereafter see in due place.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a bend, Sable, 3 Calves, Or, by the Name of Veal. If these Calves live to wear horns, which differ either in metal or in co∣lour from the rest of the body, then must there be special mention of such difference in blazoning, as you shall see in the next Example. Pliny saith, That Nature seemed to sport her self in making such variety of horns of beasts, as so many several kinds of weapons, wherewith they come armed into the field: for in some she hath made knagged and branched, as in the Red and Fallow Deer; in other plain and uniform with∣out Tines, as in Spitters, a kind of Stags which thereupon are called in Latin Subulones, and that their horns are like to the blade of a Shoe∣makers Awl; but of all other, the horns of the Bull may most properly be called his Arms, they being of so piercing and violent a stroke, as hardly can be resisted.

[illustration]

He beareth Ermyn, a Bull passant, Gules, armed and unguled, Or, by the Name of Bevill. The Bull is the ringleader a∣mongst other beasts, and through hope of his in∣crease of breed, he is pri∣viledged to range in ••ll pastures with free ingress and egress. The Bull being gelt changeth both his nature and name, and is called an Ox.

The bearing of a Bull, or the head thereof, is a note of valour or magnanimity; where con∣trariwise the bearing of an Ox, or the head thereof, denoteth faintness of courage, as Vp∣ton noteth, That their first bearers were either gelt persons, or such as had some notable defect in the generative parts, as that thereby they became altogether unfit for procreation.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Bull's head erased, Sable, by the Name of Carse∣lack. The Bull's head may signifie a man enra∣ged with desire of Re∣venge, whom nothing can satisfie but the utter spoil and ruin of his Ad∣versary.

[illustration]

The field is Luna, a Cheveron, Mars, between three Bull's heads coup∣ed, Saturn, armed, Sol. This Coat-Armour per∣tained to the Right No∣ble Family of Thomas Bulleine Lord Hoo and Hastings, Viscount Roch∣ford, who was created Earl of Wiltshire, and of Ormond, by the re∣nowned King of famous memory, Henry the Eighth, who married the vertuous and beau∣teous Lady Anne, daughter of the same Earl, and Mother to the most glorious Queen Eli∣zabeth; the memory of whose long, most prosperous and flourishing Government, be blessed and eternized to all future Posteri∣ties.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Cheveron between 3 Bulls heads trunked or cabosed, Argent, armed Or, by the Name of Baynham. Bara, a good French Armorist, useth neither of these words at all, but blazoneth it a Bull's head only; be∣cause any head thus born is understood to be so cut off, as no part of the neck be appendant to the same.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Cheveron, Ermyn, be∣tween 3 Bulls heads ca∣bosed, Argent, by the Name of Sanders of Charltwood and Ewell in Surrey, of Ireton in Derbyshire, of Barton in Staffordshire, and of the City of London; which Family dwelt at Sandersted from or be∣fore the Conquest, till Richard de Sandersted, son of Sir Leonard de Sandersted, sold it to Ro∣bert de Pirle, the eighteenth of Henry the Third, whose son Ralph Sanders married Daughter and Coheir of Sir Roger Solomon of Horley, Kt. who dwelt at Charltwood, where his Posterity have continued ever since, till Ed∣mond Sanders, Esq dying without Issue, about the year 1660. Charltwood was sold by his Si∣sters. In Henry the Eighth's Reign Tho. Sanders, son of Richard, was the first of this Family that settled in Derbyshire, of which Family Sir Tho. Sanders, Remembrancer of the Exchequer in Edward the Sixth's time, and Dr. Nich. San∣ders, who wrote De Schismate Anglicano, &c. and perished in Ireland, Anno 1580. his Life is in Pit's De Scriptor. Angliae.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Bull's head couped, Ar∣gent, winged and arm∣ed, Or, by the Name of Hoast, and is the Coat-Armour of Mr. Derick Hoast of the City of London, Mer∣chant.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Goat passant, Argent, by the Name of Baker. The Goat is not so hardy as politick; therefore that martial man which useth more policy than valour in atchieving a Victory, may very aptly bear for his Coat-Armour this beast. And now I will shew unto you one Ex∣ample of the bearing of the head of this beast erased.

[illustration]

He beareth Ermyn, a Goat's head erased, Gules, attired, Or, by the Name of Gotley. By this blazon you may observe how you ought to tearm the horns of a Goat in Armory, when you find they differ in metal or colour from the beast, or that particular part of the beast which is born. The Philosophers write that the blood of a Goat will mollifie the Diamond.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, on a Fess counter-bat∣tilee, between 3 Goats passant, Argent, as ma∣ny Pellets, by the Name of Man, and is born by Will. Man Esq Sword∣bearer to the Lord Mayor of the City of London.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Cheveron, Ermyn, be∣tween 3 Goats heads e∣rased, Argent, by the Name of Marwood, and is the Coat-Armour of Henry Marwood of Lit∣tle Busby in Yorkshire, Esq son and heir appa∣rent of Sir George•• Mar∣wood of the said place, Bar. Which said Henry was high Sheriff of the said County, 1675. is now one of the Deputy Lieutenants of the North-Riding, and one of his Majesties Justices of the Peace of the West and North-Ridings of the said County.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Fess wavy, between 3 Goats heads erased, Argent, by the Name of Sedley, and with the Arms of Vlster, is the bearing of Sir Char. Sedley of Southfleet, and of Sir Iohn Sedley of St. Cleeres in Ightam in the County of Kent, Baronets.

Snce we are no wcome to treat of beasts of the Forest, I hold it fit to speak somewhat in my first entry of their Numbers, Names, Quali∣ties, Royalties, Armings, Footings, Degrees of Age, &c. according as they are termed of skil∣ful Foresters and Woodmen. And first of their kinds.

Of Beasts of the Forest, some are Beasts of

• Venery.
• Chase.

Of Beasts of Venery there are five kinds, viz. the

• Hart
• Hind
• Hare
• Boar
• Wolf.

As old Woodmen have anciently tearmed them.

These have been accounted properly Wild-beasts of the Forest, of Beasts of Venery. These Beasts are also called Sylvestres, scil. Beasts of the Wood or Forest, because they do haunt the Woods more than the Plains.

Proper Names, Seasons, Degrees, and Ages of Beasts of the Forest and of Chase. Wherefore

you shall under∣stand that the	First	year you shall call them	Hind or Calf.
Second	Brocket.
Third	Spayade.
Fourth	Staggard.
Fifth	Stag.
Sixth	Hart.

But here by the way we must observe that some ancient Writers do report, That in times past Foresters were wont to call him a Stag at the fourth year, and not a Staggard, as we do now; and at the fifth year they called him a Great Stag: And so they were wont to distin∣guish his several Ages by these words, Stag and great Stag.

The knowledge of the Ordure or Excre∣ments of every Beast of Venery and Chase is necessary to be observed; because their Ordures are a principal note, whereby good Foresters and Woodmen do know and observe the place of their haunt and feeding, and also their e∣state: And therefore it is a thing highly to be observed, for that a Forester or Woodman, in making his reports, shall be constrained to re∣hearse the same.

The Or∣dure of a

Hart Hare Boar Fox and all Vermin

is termed

Fumets or fimashing of all Deer. Crottelles or crotising Lesses Fiantes.

Tearms of footing or treading of all Beasts of Venery and Chase.

That of a

Hart Buck and all Fallow Deer Boar

is term∣ed

SLot. View. Tract or Treading.

That of an Hare is tearmed according to her several Courses: for when she keepeth in plain fields, and chaseth about to deceive the Hounds, it is said she Double••h; but when she beateth the plain high-way, where you may yet perceive her footing, it is said she Prick∣eth.

Tearms of the Tayl.

That of a

Hart Buck, Roe, or a∣ny other Deer Boar Fox Wolf Hare and Coney.

is tearmed his

Tayl. Single. Wreath. Bush, or holy wa∣ter sprinkle. Stern. Scut.

The fat of all sorts of Deer is called Suet. Also it may be very well said, This Deer was a high Deer's Grease.

The fat of a

• Roe
• Boar and Hare

is term∣ed

• Bevy Grease
• Grease.

You shall say that a

• Hart Harboureth
• Buck Lodgeth.
• Roe Beddeth.
• Hare Seateh or Formeth.
• Coney Sitteth.
• Fox Kenneleth.

You shall say a

Deer Hare Fox

is

Broken. Cased .Uncased.

You shall say

Dislodge Start Unkennel Rowse Bowlt

the

Buck. Hare. Fox. Hart. Coney.

You shall say a

Hart or Buck Roe Boar Hare or Coney Fox Wolf

goeth to his the

Rut. Tourn. Brym. Buck. Clicketting. Match, or to his Make.

Tearms excogitated and used by Foresters.

Tou shall say a

• Hart Belloweth.
• Buck Groaneth.
• Roe Belleth.
• Hare and Coney Beateth or Tappeth.
• Fox Barketh.
• Wolf Howleth.

You shall say a

• Litter of Cubs.
• Nest of Rabbets.

Skilful Foresters and good Woodmen

Do use to say, a	Herd	Of	Harts
Herd	All manner of Deer.
Bevy	Roes.
Sounder	Swine.
Rowt	Wolyes.
Riches	Marternes.
Brace or Lease	Bucks.
Brace or Lease	Foxes.
Brace or Lease	Hares.
Couple	Rabbets or Conies.

These are apt tearms of Hunting, pertaining both to Beasts of Venery and of Chase.

Whereas some men are of opinion, that a Stag, of what age soever he be, shall not be called a Hart until the King or Queen have hunted him; that is not so: For after the fifth year of his age, you shall no more call him a

Stag, but a Hart. So then at six years old he is called a Hart. Now if the King or Queen do hunt or chase him, and he escape away a∣live, then after such hunting or chasing, he is called a Hart Royal.

Note, That if this Hart be by the King or Queen so hunted or chased, that he be forced out of the Forest so farr, that it is unlike that he will of himself return thitherto again, and then the King or Queen giveth him over, either for that he is weary, or because he cannot re∣cover him; for that such a Hart hath shewed the King pastime for his delight, and is also (as Budeus noteth) Eximius Cervus, a goodly Hart; and for that the King would have him return to the Forest again, he causeth open Proclamation to be made in all Towns and Vil∣lages near to the place where the same Hart so remaineth, That no manner of person or persons shall kill, hurt, hunt or chase him, but that he may safely return to the Forest again from whence he came. And then ever after such a Hart is called a Hart Royal proclaim∣ed.

So that there are three sorts of Harts, viz.

• Hart.
• Hart Royal.
• and Hart Royal proclaim∣ed.

A Hind hath these Degrees.

• First
• Second
• Third

Year is called a

• Calf.
• Brockets sister.
• Hinde.

Good Foresters have observed, that when a Hart hath past his sixth year, he is generally to be called a Hart of Tenne; and after∣wards according to the increase of this Head:

Whether he be

• Crochod,
• Palmed, or
• Crowned.

When he breaketh Herd, and draweth to the Thickets or Coverts, the Foresters or Woodmen do say, He taketh his hold.

Forasmuch as it may oftentimes fall out, as well in Coat-Armours as in Badges, that the Attires of Deer, both Red and Fallow, may be born bendy, barry, or otherwise counter-coloured; I have thought it fit, for the more apt blazon of them, to annex such propriety of tearms, as the skilfullest Foresters or Woodmen do attribute unto their several kinds, so there may be a fit correspondence of Artificial tearms, as well Woodman-like as Ar∣morial; adding withal their forms and shapes of their several Attires, for the better and readier conceiving of their particular parts, and fit application of each particular tearm to his proper part, by the help of the Alphabeti∣cal Letters that I have for that purpose annex∣ed to each part.

[illustration]

Skilfull Woodmen, describing the Head of a Hart, do call

the	a Round Roll next the Head	The	Burr.
b Main Horn	Beam.
c Lowest Antlier	Browantliers.
d Next above there∣unto	Bezantliers.
e Next above that	Royal.
f Upper part of all	Surroyal top.

And in a Buck's head they say,

• c Burr.
• b Beam.
• d Braunche.
• e Advancers.
• a Palm.
• Spellers.

And though every Gentleman is not an Ar∣morist, or a skilfull Woodman, yet it is well-beseeming men of a generous race to have a superficial skill in either of these professions, forasmuch as they both (especially the former) do well beseem the dignity of a Gentleman; the one tending to the delight and recreation of the mind, and the other to the health, solace, and exercise of the body: that so in their mu∣tual converse they may be able to deliver their minds in fit tearms in either kind, and not in speeches either vulgar or obsol••te. For which cause I here set down the tearms ap∣propriated (by skilfull Foresters and Wood∣men) to Beasts of Chase, according to their several Names, Seasons, Degrees, and Ages, like as I have formerly done of Beasts of Ve∣nery, as in Example.

Of Beasts of Chase the Buck is the first,

And is tearm∣ed the	First	year a	Fawn.
Second	Pricket.
Third	Sorel.
Fourth	Sore.
Fifth	Buck of the first head.
Sixth	Buck, or great Buck.

Next to the Buck is the Doe, being account∣ed the second Beast of Chase,

And is term∣ed the	First	year a	Fawn.
Second	Prickets sister.
Third	Doe.

The third Beast of Chase is a Fox, which al∣beit he be said to be politick, and of much sub∣tilty, yet is the variety of tearms of a Fox ve∣ry scarce:

For in the	First	year, he is called a	Cub.
Second	Fox.

Afterwarwards an old Fox, or the like.

The Martern, or Marton (as some old Fore∣sters or Woodmen do tearm them) being the fourth Beast of Chase, hath these tearms.

He is called the	First	year a	Martern Cub.
Second	Martern.

The fifth and last Beast of Chase is the Roe, whose proper tearms, pertaining to Chase, are these:

He is said to be the	First	year a	Kid.
Second	Girl.
Third	Hein use.
Fourth	Roe-buck of the first head.
Fifth	Farr Roe-buck.

These Beasts of Chase do make their abode all the day time in the Fields, and upon the Hills and high Mountains, where they may see round about them afar off, for preventing their danger: For these are more timerous of their own safety, than dangerous and harmful to men. And in the night time, when men be at rest, and all things quiet, then do they make their repair to the Corn-fields and Medows for food and relief; for which respect they are cal∣led Campesties, because they do haunt the Field and Champion grounds more than the Woods, and thick Coverts or Thickets, as we do most usually observe them.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Mount, Proper, a Stag lodged, Gules, by the Name of Harthill. The Stag is a goodly beast, full of state in his gate and view, and (amongst Beasts of Chase) reputed the chief for principal game and exercise. It is observed of him, that finding himself fat, he ever lodgeth and sculk∣eth in secret places to avoid chasing, as know∣ing himself worth following and worth kil∣ling (as was said of the great Stag at Killing∣worth) but most unfit for flying.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Stag standing at Gaze, Argent, attired and un∣guled, Or, by the Name of Iones of Monmouth∣shire. The Stag which erst you saw lodged, you now see standing, as listning to the approach of any danger. And Na∣ture having denied this beast other securities, yet hath indued him with two excellent fa∣vours above others; the one, exceeding quick∣ness of hearing, to foreknow his hazards, and so the sooner to prevent them (for which cause the Stag is amongst the Emblemes of the five Senses, representing the Hearing;) the o∣ther exceeding speed of foot, to fly from the danger when it approacheth.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Stag tripping, Proper, attired•• and unguled, Or, by the Name of Holm. The Hart born in Arms (saith Vpton) betokeneth sometimes one skilful in Musick, or such an one as taketh a felicity and delight in harmony: Also, a man that is wise and poli∣tick, and well foreseeth his times and oppor∣tunities; a man unwilling to assail the Enemy rashly, but rather desirous to stand on his own guard honestly, than to annoy another wrong∣fully.

[illustration]

Sable, a Buck trip∣pant, and Chief Inden∣ted, Or•• This with the Arms of Vlster, is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Sir William Humble of the City of London, and of Stratford in the Parish of Westham in Essex, Baronet.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Stag, Argent, with an Arrow stuck in the back, and attired, Or, by the Name of Bow∣en. This is the Coat-Armour of George Bowen of Kittlehill in Glamorganshire, Esq lineally descend∣ed from, and present Heir unto the ancient Family of the Bowens of Court-house in the Seignioury of Gower in the said County.

This Coat, with the difference of a second Brother, is born by Iohn Bowen of Swansey in the said County, Esq

[illustration]

He beareth Vert, a Stag springing forwards, Or, by the Name of Gilsland. Pliny saith, That horns are so mol∣lified with wax, whilst they are yet growing upon the heads of the beasts, that they may be made capable of sun∣dry impressions, and are made divisible into many parts: but Nature needeth not this de∣vice, neither can Art form a fashion of more stately decency, than she hath done on the Stag. All horns in a manner be hollow, save that towards the pointed tip they be solid and massie. Only Deer, both Red and Fal∣low, have them solid throughout.

[illustration]

Argent, Fretty Vert, a Stag springing for∣wards, Sable, attired, Or, by the Name of Warnet of Sussex.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Stag in his full course, Or, pursued hotly by a brace of Dogs, Argent, all bend-ways and at random, by the Name of Yardeley. Though horns be assigned to the Stag, Buck, and o∣ther like beasts, for weapons both offensive and defensive; yet do they seldom use them to those ends, being therein like many Gallants well attired and armed, but it is more for shew than for use, when it comes to proof. So David speaks of of some, who carrying bows turned their backs; as having arms, but wanting hearts. And it may be, the Hart hath his name (as Mons à movendo) for being heartless: But sure it is, that all the Armour in the Tower is not enough to arm a Dastard's heart.

[illustration]

He beareth Vert, a Fess between three Bucks in full course, Or, by the Name of Robertson. This kind of Deer is called Cer∣vus Palmatus, for the resemblance that his horns have with the hand and fingers. This beast reposeth his safety chiefly in flight, wherein he is very swift in case of pursuit: his colour most commonly sandy, with a black strake along his back; their sides and belly spotted with white, which spots they lose through age: their Females are more variable in colour, as being sometimes all white.

[illustration]

He beareth Vert, on a Cheveron between three Bucks tripping, Or, as many Cinque∣soils, Gules, by the Name of Robinson, and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Thomas Ro∣binson of the Inner-Temple, London, Esq chief Prothonotary of his Majesties Court of Common Pleas; descend∣ed from Nicholas Robinson of Boston in Lin∣colnshire, Gent. who lived in the time of King Henry the Seventh. Although this beast, as a Coward, flieth with his weapons; yet two times there are when he dares turn head on his foe: the one is when it is for his life, as when he is chased out of breath, and his strength so spent that he cannot by flight escape, Despera∣tio facit audacem. He is more than a Coward that will not fight when he sees his case despe∣rate; and therefore it is a general rule in good policy, never to put them to the utmost exi∣gent and extremity, with whom we desire to prevail, according to the old English Pro∣verb, Compel a Coward to fight, and he will kill the Devil: which was the cause that the Romans, landing in this Kingdom, burnt their own Navy, thereby to enforce the Army to be resolute, by despairing of any escape of return by Sea again. The other time of the Stag's courage is for his love, at which time he will fight to the death with his Rival or Hinderer of his hot desire,

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, 3 Bucks tripping, Or, by the Name of Green. The Buck is a worthy beast, and hath a de∣gree and measure of all the properties of the Stag, but cometh far short of his stateliness and boldness (for there are degrees of courage even amongst Cow∣ards.) And Nature hath made his horn rather broad, for a defensive buckler, than sharp, as the Stags, for the thrust. Their best quality is, that they are sociable, and love to keep together in Herds, which is the property of all harmless and peaceable Creatures, which are of comfort and courage only in company; whereas all beasts and birds of prey are given to wander solitary, neglecting societies: And that made the Philosopher say, That a solitary and unso∣ciable man was either a Saint or a Devil.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a Cheveron Nebule, Ar∣gent and Azure, be∣tween three Bucks in full course, Vert, by the Name of Swift, and is born by Godwin Swift of Goodridge in the County of Here∣ford, Esq one of the Society of Grays-Inn, descended from the Swifts of Yorkshire.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Fess, Azure, between three Stagstanding at gaze or guardant, Gules, by the Name of Robertson. Sometimes the Females, both of Red and Fallow Deer, to wit, Hinds and Does, as well as Stags and Bucks, are born in Coat-Armour; but such bearing is holden less commendable than that of Males, because Masculinum dignius est Fae∣minino, as Aristotle witnesseth, Topic. 1. The Male is ever nobler than the Female. To prove that Females are born also, I have (out of ma∣ny Examples) selected one of rare bearing, here next following.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, two Hinds counter∣tripping in Fess, Ar∣gent, by the Name of Cottingham. Pliny in his Natural History, Lib 9. writeth, That among all sorts of beasts, the Males are more stomachful, and of greater courage than the Females, excepting in Panthers and Bears: and that those parts that Nature hath bestowed upon beasts, to serve them (as it were) instead of weapons, as teeth, horns, stings, and other such like, she hath given them especially unto the Males, as to those that are both better and stronger, and hath left the Females altogether disarmed; whereof Martial writeth in this manner,

De••te timetur Aper; defendunt cornua Cervum: Imbelles Damae, quid nisi praeda sumus?

The Boars Tusks him protect; the Hart trusts to his Horn: We harmless armless Hinds for prey are left forlorn.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a Fess between three Hinds tripping, Sable, by the Name of Iekell or Iekyll, being the Coat of Thomas Iekyll of Bocking in Essex, Esq but residing at Deptford in Kent. This Coat is also an in∣stance of the alterati∣on of Escocheons heretofore sometimes made upon Marriages or the like occasions by Li∣cence, as appears amongst the Evidences of this Family, and by the Records thereunto re∣lating in the Office of Arms.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, 3 Stags heads couped, Sable, by the Name of Rigmaiden. Some Au∣thors are of opinion, That the Attires of Gentlewomens heads were first found out and devised by occasi∣on of the sight of the horns of this beast, because they are seemly to behold, and do become the beast right-well; and that Nature bestowed horns on them, more for Ornament than Assault, appears by this, that they repose their safety rather in their speedy footmanship, than in the strength of their heads. The Tines of the Stag's head do in∣crease yearly, until he hath accomplished the full number of seven years, and then decrease again.

[illustration]

The Field is Diamond 3 Stags heads trunk∣ed, Or, cabosed, Pearl, attired, Topaz. This is the Coat-Armour of the Right Noble Hen∣ry Duke, Marquess, and Earl of Newcastle, Earl of Ogle, Viscount Mansfield, Baron Ogle, Bertram and Boles∣m••re, one of the Gentlemen of his Majesties Bed-chamber, and Lords of his most Ho∣nourable Privy Councel, and Lord Lieutenant of Northumberland, and Town and County of Newcastle upon Tyne.

This Coat is also born by the Right Honou∣rable William Earl of Devonshire, Baron Ca∣vendish of Hardwick, and Lord Lieutenant of the County of Derby.

Gules, three Bucks heads cabosed, Argent, is born by the Name of D'oyley, and is the Coat-Armour of Sir VVilliam D'oyley of St. Margarets VVestminster in Middlesex, Kt. Son and Heir of Sir VVilliam D'oyley of Shotisham in Norfolk, Knight and Baronet.

Gules, three Stags heads cabosed, Or, atti∣red, Argent, is born by the Name of Faldo of Bedfordshire. For two respects I have inserted this Coat; the one in regard that the Attires are of a different metal from the heads, which is not usual; the other to shew that Sir Iohn Ferne, in his Book entituled, The Blazon of Gentry, pag. 240. setteth down for the Armo∣rial Ensigns of this Family, a Coat of Device, which he supposeth to have been invented by some of the Ancestors thereof: which (as he saith) was very ancient, yet no Coat of Arms, as indeed it is not, but a meer fantastick device; which being so, he had done much better to have expressed the true Paternal Coat of that Family, as it is here expressed, rather than the adulterate or counterfiet Coat, which neither relisheth of true Armory, nor yet of any sharpness of ingenious Device or Invention.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, 3 Bucks head couped, Or, by the Name of Deering. The bearing of the head of any li∣ving thing, betoken∣eth Jurisdiction and Authority to admini∣ster Justice, and to ex∣ecute Laws: For the greatest esteem of the head in Coat-Armour is in respect of the more noble use thereof; for by it is the whole body governed and directed, and is called in Latin Caput, Quia capiat omnes sensus; and he that is a Head should be sure to have all his Senses about him, as the Head hath.

[illustration]

He beareth Diamond, a Cheveron between three Bucks heads ca∣bosed, Pearl. This is the bearing of the Right Honourable Ro∣bert Viscount Bulke∣ley of Cashaw in Ire∣land, and residing at Barrow-hill near Bea••maris in the Isle of Anglesey.

[illustration]

He beareth Pearl, a Bend engrailed, Saphire, between 2 Bucks heads cabosed, Diamond, and is the Paternal Coat-Ar∣mour of the Right Ho∣nourable Thomas Lord Needham, Viscount Kil∣murrey in the Kingdom of Ireland.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Fess Sable, three Stags heads erased, Or, by the the name of Bradford. Sir Iohn Ferne, in La∣cie's Nobility, saith, That the head of any Beast born erased, as this is, is one of the best manner of bearings. The heads of such horned Beasts were wont to be held sa∣cred to Apollo and Diana; perchance because Diana signified the Moon, which is her self a horned Creature; and Apollo, for being a good Bowman, deserved the horns for his re∣ward.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Che∣veron, between 3 Bucks heads erased, Gules, by the Name of Collingwood, and is the Coat-Armour of Daniel Collingwood of Branton, Northum∣berland, Esquire, Major to the Queens Troop of his Majesties Guard, Go∣vernour of his Majestie's Castle in Holy Island in the Bishoprick of Durham, Deputy Lieutenant of the said County of Northumberland, and a Member of Parliament for the Town of Bar∣wick upon Tweed.

[illustration]

Azure, a Bucks head cabosed, Argent, is the Paternal Coat-Armour of George Legge Esquire, Governour of Ports∣mouth, Master of the Horse to his Royal High∣ness Iames Duke of York, Lieutenant of his Majesties Forest of Alce∣holt and Woolmer in Hantshire, and one of the Deputy Lieutenants of the said County, Commander of his Majesties Ship the Royal Katherine, and one of the principal Officers of his Majesties Ordnance.

Of all the parts or members of Beasts, Birds, or other living things, the bearing of the head (next to the whole bearing) is reckoned most honourable, for that it signifieth that the own∣er of such Coat-Armour ••eared not to stand to the face of his Enemy.

Argent, a Bucks head cabosed, Gules, is born by the name of Trye.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Bucks head cabosed, be∣tween two flanches, Or, by the name of Parker, and is the Coat of Henry Parker of Honington in Warwickshire, Esquire, as also of Edward Par∣ker of Plimpton St. Ma∣ries in Devonshire, E∣squire. This Coat-Armour seemeth to have some congruity with the name of the Bearer, it being a name borrowed from the Office, which it is probable the first Ancestor of this family held, viz. a Park-keeper, which in old English was called Parker, who by Office hath the charge of the Beast whose head is born in this Escocheon.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, three Rain-Deers heads, trunked or cabosed, Sa∣ble, by the Name of Bowet. If you should have occasion to make mention of the horns of any sort of Deer, by rea∣son that they be of a dif∣ferent Metal or Colour from their Bodies, you must tearm them At∣tired. If upon like occasion you shall speak of their Claws, you must say they be Unguled, of the Latin word Vngula, which signifieth the Hoof or Claws of a Beast.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Cheveron between three Attires of a Stag, fixed to the Scalp, Argent, by the Name of Cocks. This Coat, with the Arms of Vlster, is born by Sir Richard Cocks of Dun∣bleton in Glocestershire, Baronet: And without the Arms of Vlster, by Sir Iohn Cocks of Nor∣they in Glocestershire, Kt. And by Thomas Cocks of Castle-ditch in Herefordshire, Esquire. The Stag doth mew his head every year, unless he be castrated or gelt whilst his head is in his prime: For in such case he never meweth his head, neither doth his Beam burr, or Tynes augment, or diminish any more, but continue still in the same state wherein they were at the time of his Castration.

Foresters and Hunters do call this yearly mewing of their heads the Beauty of their

Wildness, and not the Mewing of their Horns as the Latinists do tearm it.

These having mewed their heads, do be∣take themselves to the thick Brakes and Co∣verts to hide them, as well knowing they are disarmed of their natural weapons; and there∣fore do never willingly shew themselves a∣broad in the day time, until the Spring that they begin to bud and burgeon toward their renovation of force.

Horns do betoken Strength and Fortitude, inasmuch as God hath bestowed them upon Beasts to be unto them Instruments or Wea∣pons, as well offensive as defensive; as we may probably gather by that which is spoken by the Prophet David, Psal. 75. 12. All the horns of the ungodly will I break, but the horns of the righteous shall be exalted.

[illustration]

This Field is Sol, three Attires of a Stag, ••orn Paly, Barry, Saturn. This Coat-Armour pertaineth to the Renowned Fami∣ly of the most High, Pu∣issant, and Noble Prince Frederick, late Duke of Wirtemberge, and of Tec, Count of Mountbeliard, Lord of Heydenheib, &c. and Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter. The Stags, having cast their horns, do skulk in secret and desolate places, because they find themselves disarmed and destitute of their former strength, which maketh them more careful of their safe∣ty, as Aelia••••s noteth.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, an Unicorn Seiant, Sable, Armed and Unguled, Or, by the Name of Har∣ling. The Unicorn hath his name of his one horn on his forehead. There is another Beast of a huge strength and greatness, which hath but one horn, but that is growing on his Snout, whence he is called Rinoceros, and both are named Monoceros, or One-horned. It hath been much questioned amongst Naturalists, which it is that is properly called the Uni∣corn: and some have made doubt whether there be any such Beast as this, or no. But the great esteem of his horn (in many pla∣ces to be seen) may take away that needless scruple.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, an Unicorn tripping, Ar∣gent, Armed and Ungu∣led, Or, by the Name of Musterton. Touch∣ing the invincible Na∣ture of this Beast, Iob saith, Wilt thou trust him because his strength is great, and cast thy labour unto him? Wilt thou believe him, that he will bring home thy seed, and gather it into thy Barn? And his Vertue is no less fa∣moused than his Strength, in that his horn is supposed to be the most powerful Antidote a∣gainst Poison: Insomuch as the general con∣ceit is, That the wild Beasts of the Wilder∣ness use not to drink of the Pools, for fear of venomous Serpents there breeding, before the Unicorn hath s••irred it with his horn. How∣soever it be, this Charge may very well be a representation both of strength or courage, and also of vertuous dispositions and ability to do good; for to have strength of body without the gifts and good qualities of the mind, is but the property of an Ox, but where both con∣cur, that may truly be called manliness. And that these two should consort together, the Ancients did signifie, when they made this one word, Virtus, to imply both the strength of body, and vertue of the mind.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, three Unicorns in Pale, current, Argent, Armed, Or, by the Name of Farrington. It seemeth by a question moved by Farnesius, That the U∣nicorn is never taken a∣live; and the reason be∣ing demanded, it is an∣swered, That the greatness of his mind is such, that he chuseth rather to die than to be taken alive: wherein (saith he) the Unicorn and the valiant minded Souldier are alike, which both contemn death, and rather than they will be compelled to undergo any base servitude or bondage, they will lose their lives.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, 3 Unicors heads, couped, Argent, by the Name of Shelly. The Unicorn is an untamable Beast by nature, as may be ga∣thered by the words of Iob, chap. 39. Will the Vnicorn serve thee, or will he tarry by thy crib? Canst thou bind the Vnicorn with his band to labour in the furrow, or will he plough the valleys after thee?

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cheveron, Ermyns, be∣tween three Unicorns heads couped, Sable, by the Name of Head, and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Richard Head of the City of Rochester in Kent, Baronet.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Camel passant, Argent, by the Name of Camel. This Coat-Armour stand∣eth in Bury-Pomeroy Church in the County of Devon. This Beast far surpasseth the Horse in swiftness in travel, to whom he is a hateful E∣nemy. After all these cloven footed Beasts, I will add one more, no way inferiour in sto∣mack and absolute resolution to any of the for∣mer.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Boar passant, Gules, Arm∣ed, Or, by the Name of Trewarthen. The Boar, though he wanteth horns, is no way defe∣ctive in his Armour; nay he is beyond those for∣merly exemplified, and is counted the most ab∣solute Champion amongst Beasts, for that he hath both weapons to wound his foe, which are his strong and sharp Tusks, and also his Target to defend himself; for which he useth often to rub his shoulders and sides against Trees, thereby to harden them against the stroke of his Adversary: And the shield of a Boar well managed, is a good buckler against that cruel Enemy called Hunger.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, 3 Boars heads couped, Sable, Armed, Or, by the Name of Cradock. The Boar is so cruel and sto∣mackful in his fight, that he foameth all the while for rage; and against the time of any encounter he often whetteth his Tusks to make them the more piercing. The Boar hath been much honoured by being the Crest of an Earl, which seemeth to be given to the House of Vere, because Verres is the Name of a Boar in Latin.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Cheveron between three Boars heads couped, Ar∣gent, Armed, Or, by the Name of White, and is thus born by Sir Ste∣phen White Kt. formerly of the City of London, and now of the Parish of Hackney in Middlesex, descended from a Family of good Antiquity in Norfolk.

The bearing of the Boar in Arms betoken∣eth a man of a bold spirit, skilful, politick in Warlike feats, and one of that high resolution, that he will rather die valorously in the field, than he will secure himself by ignominious flight. He is called in Latin Aper (according to Farnesius) ab asperitate, because he is so sharp and fierce in conflict with his foe. And this is a special property in a Souldier, that he be fierce in the encountring his Enemie, and he bear the shock or brunt of the conflict with a noble and magnanimous Courage; Miles ••∣nim dura & aspera perfringit animi & virium robore.

[illustration]

He beareth Topaz, 3 Boars heads erected and erased, Diamond, Arm∣ed, Topaz. This is the bearing of the Right Honorable George Booth, Baron Delamer, of Dun∣ham-Massey in Cheshire: from whose Family is de∣scended Sir Rob. Booth of Salford in Lanca∣shire Kt. now Lord Chief Justice of his Maje∣sties Court of Common Pleas in Ireland, and one of his most Honourable Privy Council for the said Kingdom, Grandchild of Humphrey Booth of Salford aforesaid, Esq who in his life time erected a Chappel there, and endow∣ed it with a liberal Maintenance; as also left to the poor of the said Parish 20 l. per Annum for their relief.

This Coat with a due difference appertain∣eth to Richard Booth of the City of London, Esq who descended from the Booths of Wit∣ton in Warwickshire, where the said Family have been seated four Generations. Here those which are young Students in Armory may learn to be careful in observing the manner of the position of the Charge of the Field, by comparing these two last Coat-Armours toge∣ther, admitting that they neither of them dif∣fer in Metal nor Colour, and that the Boars heads in both Escocheons were couped or era∣sed; yet the very manner of the position of them were sufficient difference to vary one Coat-Armour from the other.

[illustration]

Gules, on a Bend, Er∣minois, between two Cottizes, Or, 3 Boars heads couped, Argent, by the Name of Edg∣combe, and is the Pater∣nal Coat-Armour of Sir Richard Edgcombe of Mount-Edgcombe in De∣vonshire, Knight of the Bath.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, 3 Cups, Or, out of each a Boars head erected, Ar∣gent, by the Name of Bowles. This with the Arms of Vlster is the Coat-Armour of Sir Iohn Bowles of Scramp∣ton in Lincolnshire, Ba∣ronet.

This Coat is also born by Sir William Bowles of St. Iames Clarkenwell in Middle∣sex, Kt. one of the Gentlemen of his Majestie's Privy Chamber in Ordinary.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Cheveron between six Rams accosted counter-tripping, two, two, and two, by the Name of Harman of Rendlesham in the County of Suffolk. The chiefest strength of the Ram consisteth in his head.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Toison d'Or within a bordure of Scotland. This with the Arms of Vlster is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Ro∣bert Iason of Broad So∣merford in the County of Wilts, Baronet.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, three holy Lambs, staff, cross and banner, Ar∣gent, by the Name of Rowe of Lamerton in the County of Devon. The holy Lamb is a ty∣pical representation of our blessed Saviour, who is understood by divers to be that Lamb mentioned in the Apocalyps of Saint Iohn: And all the Christian Churches acknowledge him for the Lamb of God that ta∣keth away the sins of the world. This kind of bearing may well befit a brave resolute Spirit, who undertakes a war for Christ's cause.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Cheveron between three Rams heads couped, Ar∣gent, by the Name of Ramsey of Hitcham in the County of Bucking∣ham, of which Family was Adam Ramsey, Es∣quire for the body to King Richard the Se∣cond. The Ram is the Captain of the whole flock. I shall not need to mention the great profit that is brought to this Kingdom by the Winter-Garment of this beast.

CHAP. XV.

HItherto of such beasts as we call Anima∣lia bisulca, which have their feet part∣ed only into two Claws: The next part of our Distribution containeth those which are called Multifida, which have many Claws; of which sort are not only Lions, Bears, Wolves, and others of fierce and ravenous kind, that live by prey and spoil; but such also as are of timorous nature, whose chiefest safety consist∣eth rather in swiftness of foot, than in any o∣ther means, as Foxes, Hares, Conies, and o∣thers of less harmful kind, whereof I will give particular Examples: But first I will offer unto your heedful Observation certain Notes, as well of general as of particular use, concern∣ing beasts of this kind; not forgetting (by the way) such Rules and Observations as have been already commended to your regard, that especially touching mixt bearing of Ordinaries and common Charges, which must serve for a Regular Direction throughout our whole Work. And in delivery of these Observati∣ons and Examples, I hold it fit to begin with beasts of fierce nature, and first with the Lion, reckoned the King of beasts; Dignioribus e∣nim digniora loca sunt danda, Highest person highest place.

Some French Armorists are of opinion, That the Lion should never be made Guardant, or full-faced, affirming that to be proper to the Leo∣pard, wherein they offer great indignity to that royal beast, in that they will not admit him (saith Vpton) to shew his full face, the sight whereof doth terrifie and astonish all the beasts of the field, and wherein consisteth his chiefest Majesty, and therefore may not be denied that Prerogative, Quia omnia Animalia debent de∣pingi & designari in suo ferociori actu, ex illis enim actibus magis vigorem suum ostend••nt.

All beasts should be set forth in their most ge∣nerous action, for therein they shew their chiefest vigour. As concerning the true Note whereby the Leopard is distinguished from the Lion, Vpton lib. de Armis writeth thus, Cog∣noscitur Leopardus à Leone, quia Leopardus ubique depingitur habens naturaliter maculas nigras, cum grosso capite, & est Animal pla∣num non hispidum: Leo verò habet unum colo∣rem continuum, cum pectore hispido, cum certis jubis in canda. The Leopard is portrayed with black spots, and a great head, and no where shaggy; whereas the Lion is one colour, shaggy brea••••ed, with a certain tuft of hair in his train. So that it is evident that the Leo∣pard is notably distinguish'd both in shape and colour, and not by his full-faced Countenance, as they dream. Moreover Vpton saith, That he hath often observed Leopards born by di∣vers Noblemen, as well half-faced as guard∣ant.

It is observed that the generous nature of the Lion is discerned by his plentiful shaggy locks that do cover his neck and shoulders, which are infallible tokens of his noble Courage, especi∣ally if those his locks be crisped and curled, and short withal. Such Lions were those whereof Saint Hierom maketh mention, In vita Pauli Eeremitae, saying, Talia in anima volvente, ecce duo Leones ex interioris Eremi parte curren∣tes, volantibus per colla jubis ferebantur: Two Lions came running with their shaggy locks wavering about their shoulders. More∣over the thickness of the Lion's mane is a te∣stimony of his generous birth, and by the same he is distinguished from the degenerate and ba∣stard race of Leopards begotten between the adulterous Lioness and the Parde, which are naturally deprived of this noble mark; and not only so, but they are also bereft of that bold and invincible Courage that the generous sort of Lions have. For these respects the degene∣rate brood of Lions are called in Latin, Imbelles Leones, that is, Heartless and Cowardly Lions; whereas the true Lion is termed in Latin, Ge∣nerosus Leo, quia generosum est quod à natura sua non degeneravit; That is generous which degenerateth not from his kind: by which rea∣son a man of Noble Descent, and Ignoble Con∣ditions, is not truly generous, because he de∣generateth from the Vertues of his Ance∣stors.

Lions, Bears, Wolves, and other beasts of ravening kind, when they are born in Arms feeding, you must tearm them in blazon Ra∣ping, and tell whereon. To all beasts of prey Nature hath assigned teeth and talons of crook∣ed shape, and therewithal of great sharpness, to the end they may strongly seize upon and detain their prey, and speedily rend and di∣vide the same. And therefore in blazoning of beasts of this kind, you must not omit to men∣tion their teeth and tallons, which are their only Armour; for by them they are distinguish∣ed from those tame and harmless beasts, that have their teeth knocked out, and their nails pared so near to the quick, as that they can neither bite nor scratch with much harm. Those teeth and tallons are for the most part in Coat-Armours made of a different colour from the bodies of the beasts; and therefore in bla∣zoning of beasts of this kind, when you speak of their teeth or tallons, you shall say they are thus or thus Armed. So likewise if you please to speak of their tongues, you shall say they are thus or thus Langued.

To bear a Lion or whatsoever Animal in a diverse colour from his kindly or natural co∣lour, as to bear a blue, green, red, purple Li∣on, Bear, &c. or whatsoever other colour dif∣ferent from that which is natural unto him, is not a bearing reproachful, though disagreeing to his Nature, if we consider of the occasion of their primary constitution; for that the custome of such bearing seemeth to have pro∣ceeded from eminent persons, who habiting themselves either for their sports of Hunting, or for Military Services (as best fitted their phantasies) would withal sute their Armours and Habiliments with colours answerable to their habits, with the shapes and portraitures of forged and counterfeit Animals.

Or else perhaps by occasion of some civil tumults, as that between the Guelphi and the Gibelini in Italy, they perhaps of each faction bearing Lions, Bears, and Wolves, or other Animals, to avoid confusion, and to the end the one of them should not be entrapped by the other of the contrary faction, when they were intermixed one with another, and that their valorous actions might be more particu∣larly discerned from the other, they distinguish∣ed themselves by different and unlike coloured Garments, that so each Governour and Leader might know those that were of his own facti∣on.

The like may we observe to have been of late years used among ourselves, when private factions have sprung amongst us; one sort was known from others of the contrary faction by a Carnation Ribond worn about, or in his Hat; or by a Crimson Feather, or other thing: the contrary faction wearing like thing, but in a different colour or fashion.

The Lion (saith Vpton) passing thorow stony places, doth contract his Tallons within his flesh, and so walketh on his feet as if he had no Tallons at all, keeping them exceeding choicely, lest he should dull and blunt their sharpness, and so become less able to at∣tach and rend his prey. And this property seemeth not to be peculiar to a Lion, but com∣mon to all beasts of rapine; as Pliny ascribeth the same property to Leopards, Panthers, and such other, as well as to the Lion.

Not only Lions, but also all other beasts of ravenous kind (according to Bekenhawb) do bring forth their young in some part defective;

as Lions do produce their Whelps dead, Dogs bring them forth blind, Bears deformed and shapeless, &c. For Nature would not that they should attain perfection in the womb, in regard of the safety of their Dam, lest in their pro∣duction they should spoil and rent her womb by their teeth and tallons.

Other more particular Rules there are con∣cerning the divers kinds and peculiar actions of beasts of Rapine, which shall follow in their more convenient places. In the mean time, let us proceed to Examples that may give life and approbation to those premised Rules; Prae∣cepta enim quantumvis bona & concinna, mor∣tua sunt, nisi ipse auditor variis exemplis ea percipiat; Good and fit Precepts are but dead, unless Examples give them life: Of which O∣pinion was Leo the Tenth, when he said,

Plus valent exempla quàm praecepta, Et melius docemur vitâ quam verbo.

Examples are more forcible than Precepts, And our lives teach more than our words.

[illustration]

He beareth Jupiter, a Lion dormant, Sol. The Hebrew Rabbies (saith Leigh) writing upon the second of Numbers, do assign to the Tribe of Iu∣dah a Lion after this manner, alluding belike unto that blessing that Iacob (a little before his death) did pronounce upon Iudah, saying, He shall lie down and couch as a Lion; who dares stir him up? Wherein one noteth, That Iacob seemeth to allude to that diminution, which happened at such time as the more part of the people of that Tribe did fall away unto Ierobo∣am; Tunc enim (saith he) Rex Iudae similis esse coepit Leoni dormienti; neque enim erectis jubis timorem suum latè effudit, sed quodam∣modo accubuit in spelunca. Latuit tamen quae∣dam occulta virtus sub illo sopore, &c. The King of Iudah was then like a sleeping Lion, which did not shew his rage with his erected Shag; but did as it were lurk in his Den, yet so as he lost not his strength in his sleep, neither durst any the most adventurous to rouse him. This may be true of the King of Iu∣dah, but surely the Lion of the Tribe of Iu∣dah doth neither slumber nor sleep, though he seemeth to sleep; neither doth their vengeance sleep who dare provoke him. It is reported that the Lion sleepeth with his eyes open; so should Governours do, whose Vigilancy should shew it self when others are most at rest and se∣cure.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a Li∣on couchant, Sable. The Lion couching after this manner, must not be deemed to have been compelled thereunto, but that he hath so settled himself of his own ac∣cord; for it is contrary to his magnanimous na∣ture to couch by any chastisement, or to be corrected in himself; but if a Whelp, or some other beast be beaten or chastised in his sight, he thereupon humbleth himself after this man∣ner: But as touching himself he must be over∣come with gentleness, and so is he easiest won. Generosus enim animus facilius ducitur quàm trahitur; The generous mind you may easier lead than draw. So when the Children of Princes offend, their Pages are whipt before them: And the Persians, if a Nobleman of∣fend, brought forth his Garment and beat it with wands.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Lion Seiant, Argent. Though this form and gesture hath affinity with the former, yet the difference is easie to be observed, by comparing the manner of their re∣posing: And in these kinds of varieties of ge∣stures, you may observe, that by degrees and steps I proceed from the most quiet to the most fierce gesture and action.

[illustration]

The Field is Mars, a Lion passant, Guardant, Sol. This was the Coat-Armour of William D. of Aquitaine, and of Gwyan, one of the Peers of France, whose daugh∣ter and heir, named E∣leanor, was married to Henry the second, King of England; by reason of which Match the Field and Charge being of the same colour and metal that the then Royal Ensigns of this Land were, and this Lion of the like action that those were of, this Lion was united with those two Lions in one Shield: Since which time the Kings of England have born three Lions passant, Guardant, as hereafter shall ap∣pear.

Sol, a Lion passant, Guardant, Mars, was born by Brutus, Son of Silvius Posthumus, who coming out of Italy with the remnant of the Trojans found out this Island of Great Britain, and reigned four and twenty years

[illustration]

He beareth Pearl, a Lion passant guardant, Ruby, gorged with a Ducal-crown, Topaz, and charged on the shoulder with a Mullet of the first, and is born by the Name of Ogilby, an honourable & spread∣ing Family in Scotland, the chief of which are the Right Honourable Iames Earl of Airly, Elight, and Glentra∣hen, a person ever loyal to the Crown, and was always concerned with the Earl of Montross in his loyal Undertakings; once being taken pri∣soner, he was to have been beheaded in Scot∣land, but by a fortunate escape the night be∣fore was preserved to do his Majesty more ser∣vice. He was long a prisoner in the Tower of London, and after his releasement did again engage himself in his Majesties service at Wor∣cester, and in the North. His brother, Sir Da∣vid, at Worcester fight was taken prisoner, and sent up to London; and Sir George his other brother, was killed in the Actions of Montross. Of this Family are the Right Honourable the Earl of Finlator, the Right Honourable the Lord Ogilby, Baron of Bamfe, with several Knights and Gentlemen: Amongst which is Michael Ogilby, now Rector of Bideford in Devonshire, and Chaplain in Ordinary to his Majesty King Charles the Second, whose Grand∣father, Sir Michael Ogilby, was a near Rela∣tion to the Earl of Airly.

[illustration]

He beareth Saphire, a Lion passant, guardant, between three Flower de Lis, Pearl. This is the Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Dud∣ley North, Baron of Carthley, &c. whose se∣cond Son, Sir Francis North Kt. is Lord Chief Justice of his Majesties Court of Common-Pleas.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Lion passant, guardant, between three Pheons, Or, by the Name of Wolstonholme, and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Tho. Wolstonholme of Winchenden in the Parish of Edmonton in Middlesex, Baronet.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, on a Fess Ermyn, between three Annulets, Or, a Lion passant, Azure, by the Name of Vnder∣wood, and is born by Edward Vnderwood of the City of London, Gent.

[illustration]

Ermyn, a Saltier en∣grailed, Gules, on a Chief of the Second a Lion passant guardant, Or, by the Name of Armine, and is the Coat-Armour of Evers Armine of Osgodby in Lincolnshire, Esq.

[illustration]

Sable, 3 Piles, Argent, on a Chief of the Second, a Lion passant, Gules, by the Name of Hacket, and is born by Sir An∣drew Hacket of Mox∣hull in Warwickshire, Kt. one of the Masters of the high and honou∣rable Court of Chance∣ry.

[illustration]

Or, a Lion passant, Sable, in Chief three Roman Piles of the Se∣cond. This was the Paternal Coat-Armour of Iohn Loggan (aliàs Logon, an English Com∣mander, by whose Va∣lour and Conduct the Scots (then Masters of the Northern part of Ireland) were in Anno 1317. temps Edward the Second, beaten out of the Province of Vlster. Sir Allen Stew∣art their General, took prisoner, and brought to Dublin, who for his Ransom gave his daughter, with several Lands in Scotland, to his Conque∣rors Son, from whom came Sir Robert Loggan, who was Admiral of Scotland, Anno 1400. and from thence the Loggans of Restalrige in Scotland, not of Idbury in Oxfordshire, and of Bassetsbury in Buckinghamshire are lineally descended.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, ten Plates, four, three, two, and one, on a Chief, Ar∣gent, a Lion passant of the field, by the Name of Bridgeman. This with the Arms of Vlster is the Coat-Armour of Sir Iohn Bridgeman of Castle Bromwich in Warwick∣shire, Baronet, eldest Son of the Right Honourable Sir Orlando Bridge∣man of Great Leaver in Lancashire, Knight and Baronet, deceased, late Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of England.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, two Barrs Azure, in Chief a Lion passant of the Se∣cond, crowned of the First, by the Name of Gregory, and is the Coat-Armour of Iohn Grego∣ry of St. Margarets Westminster in Middle∣sex, Gent. descended from the Gregories of Lastingham in Yorkshire; from whence the Predecessors of the said Iohn (about the year 1525.) removed to East-stockwith in Lincoln∣shire, where they continued until thence ex∣pelled by the Calamities of the Wars, through the Loyalty of his Father Lieutenant Colonel William Gregory, and his two elder Brethren William and Gilbert.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, on a Chief, Gules, a Lion of England, by the Name of Titus, and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Colonel Silus Titus of Bushy in Hertford∣shire, one of the Grooms of his Maje∣sties Bed-chamber, &c.

[illustration]

Argent, two Lions passant, guardant, A∣zure, by the Name of Hunmer. This with the Arms of Vlster is the bearing of Sir Tho∣mas Hanmer of Han∣mer and Bettisfield in Flintshire, Baronet, de∣scended by many Knights from Sir Iohn de Hanmer, who lived in the Reign of Edward the First. Cambden in his Britannia mentioning Hanmer Town, hath these words, Vn•• clara sane & anti∣qua quae ibi habitat familia cognomen assumpsit.

Or, two Lions passant, guardant, Gules, is the Coat of the Right Honourable Sir William Ducy of Tortworth in Glocestershire, Knight of the Bath and Baronet, now Viscount Down in Ireland.

Gules, two Lions passant, guardant, Argent, by the Name of L'Estrange, a Family of good antiquity, of which is Sir Nicholas L'Estrange of Hunstanton in Norfolk Baronet, and Roger L'Estrange of St. Giles's in the Fields in Mid∣dlesex, Esquire.

Gules, two Lions passant, guardant, Or, was the Coat-Armour of William Duke of Nor∣mandy, base Son of Robert Duke of Norman∣dy, who in Anno 1066. having slain King Ha∣rold in Battel, seized the Kingdom, and reign∣ed almost One and twenty years, since which time his Heirs have happily enjoyed his Crown and Dignity.

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He beareth Gules, two Lions passant with∣in a Bordure engrail∣ed, Argent, by the Name of Strange, and is born by Io. Strange of the City of London, Gent.

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He beareth Argent, three Lioncels passant, guardant in Pale barr∣ways, langued and armed, Gules. This Coat-Armour pertain∣ed to that worthy Gen∣tleman Sir Iohn Bro∣grave, Kt. sometimes Attorney General of the Dutchy of Lancaster. In the blazoning of Arms consisting of more Lions in a Field than one, you must tearm them Lioncels (ac∣cording to Leigh) which is as much to say, as so many young or petite Lions. The reason of this Rule I take to be this, That inasmuch as the Lion hath a Prerogative Royal over all Beasts, and cannot endure that any other should participate of the Field with him, Quia Prin∣cipes nolunt pares, Princes will admit no fel∣lows to the impeachment of their Sovereign∣ty; therefore the bearing of divers Lions in one Field must be understood of Lions whelps, which as yet have not so great feeling of their own strength, or inbred noble courage, nor ap∣prehension of their ingenerated Royal Sove∣reignty over all Beasts, as Lions have. But Leo∣nes adulti participationem non admmittere so∣lent, when they are of years they will know their own worth. Note that this Rule must

be understood with a certain limitation in some particular cases, Quia non est regula adeò ge∣neralis, quin admittit exceptionem in suo par∣ticulari: For this Rule holdeth not in the So∣vereign's Ensigns, where these beasts are said to be Lions, propter dignitatem Regiae Maje∣statis: Next this Rule hath no place in Coat-Armours, wherein any of the honourable Or∣dinaries are interposed between these beasts: For by such interpositions of these Ordinaries (saith Leigh) everyone of them is reckoned to be of as great dignity, as if he were born di∣videdly in so many several Escocheons, and that in respect of the Sovereignty of the Ordi∣nary so interposed; for which cause they have the Title of most worthy partitions. And so shall you reckon of all other Coat-Armours consisting of things so divided.

King Henry the Second being Duke of A∣quitain and Guion, in the right of his Grand∣mother, and Duke of Normandy in right of his Mother, joyned the Arms of Guion, which was a Lion passant guardant, unto that of Normandy and England, which was Gules, three Lions passant guardant, Or.

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Ruby, three Lions, passant, guardant, par∣ted per Pale, Or and Argent. This is the Coat-Armour of the Rt. Honourable Wil∣liam O Brien, Earl and Baron of Insiquin, Baron of Burren, Cap∣tain General of his Ma∣jesties Forces in Africa, Governour of the Royal City of Tangier, Vice Admiral of the same, and of the parts ad∣jacent, and one of the Lords of his Majesties most Honourable Privy Council for the Kingdom of Ireland.

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He beareth Sable, two Lioncels counter-pas∣sant, Argent, the upper∣most towards the sinister side of the Escocheon, both collared, Gules, by the Name of Glegg, and is the Coat of Edward Glegg of Gayton, and Edw. Glegg of Grange, both of Chèshire, Esquires. Some Blazoners have given another blazon to this Coat-Ar∣mour thus; He beareth Sable, two Lioncels, the one passant, the other re-passant, Argent, both collared, Gules. But in mine Opinion, no man by this last blazon is able to trick or express the true portraiture and manner of the bearing of these Lioncels; for it appeareth not by this blazon towards which part or side of the Es∣cocheon their heads are placed, which is con∣trary to the Rule given Chap. 4. Sect. 1. The Lion and the Lioness do never go one and the same way, either when they seek their prey, or when they go to fight; the skilful and ex∣pert men render this Reason for it, That these beasts stand so much upon their strength of body, as that neither of them needeth the o∣thers help.

Now that Lions and Lioncels are born in Arms, the first with interposition of some of the Ordinaries, the other charged upon Ordi∣naries, the following Examples will make it manifest; and in blazoning of such Coat-Ar∣mours, care must be taken to observe and re∣member what concerning this point of their difference I have even now delivered.

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Per Cheveron Or and Gules, three Lions pas∣sant counter-changed, and is born by Francis Lund of Parson's Green in the Parish of Fulham in Middlesex, Gent. de∣scended from the Fami∣ly of the Lunds in the County of York.

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He beareth Azure, a Fess wavy between 3 Lions passant, Or, armed and langued, Gules. This is the Coat-Armour of Iohn Hawes or Hawys of London, who draweth his descent from Wil∣liam Hawys of Walsham of the Willows in Suf∣folk, which William was seized of Lands there in the time of Edward the Third. The Lion passing his ground lei∣surely, and as it were pedetentim, step by step, which kind of gate we usually do call passant, expresseth his most generous and noble action of Majesty, Clemency, and Circumspection.

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He beareth Gules, on a Fess, Argent, three Lioncels, passant, guard∣ant, Purpure. These Arms appertained to Arnold Oldesworth, Esq late Keeper of the Hana∣per of the high Court of Chancery. Such is the noble courage and mag∣nanimity of the Lion, as that in his greatest rage and fury, he never doth tyrannize over those that do prostrate themselves to his mercy; whereof a certain Author thus writeth,

Parcere prostratis scit nobilis ira leonis: Tu quoque fac simile, quisquis regnabis in orbe.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, 2 Barrs Ermyn in Chief, a Lion passant, parted per Pale, Or and Argent, by the Name of Hill of Hales in the County of Norfolk. This Lion is different from the form∣er passants, in that he goeth directly forward, shewing in the Escocheon but half his face, whereby he is distinguished from the guardant, which sheweth the whole face. This Lion passant seemeth to go with more confidence and resolution, but the guardant, with more vigilancy and circumspection, which both being joyned, do make an absolute Commander.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a Lion salient, Gules, by the Name of Felbridge. The proper form of a Lion salient is when his right forefoot answereth to the dexter corner of the Escocheon, and his hind∣most foot the sinister base point thereof. And he is termed salient, à saliendo; because when he doth prosecute his prey, he pursueth the same leaping, which action he never useth when he is chased in fight (as Pliny noteth) but is on∣ly passant. And it is sometimes no dishonour to go softly, or retire leisurely out of the Field, but to flie is a reproach; and therefore of all gestures, I never find any Lion current.

[illustration]

Pearl, a Lion rampant, Ruby, was the Coat of Edrick a Saxon, who at the time of the Conquest was Earl of York; and for that he took part with Earl Edgar Ethel∣ing against William the Conqueror, and deliver∣ed to him the City of York, he had by the Conqueror's command his eyes put out, and kept a prisoner at Winchester during life, and died without issue.

Ruby, a Lion rampant, Pearl. This is the Paternal Coat-Armour of the Right Honoura∣ble Louis Duras, Baron Duras of Holmby, one of the Captains of his Majesties Horse Guards, and Privy Purse to his Royal Highness Iames Duke of York; brother to the Duke and Mar∣shal Duras, as also to the Marshal de Lorge in France; and Nephew to the late Marshal de Turein in the said Kingdom; one of whose An∣cestors, viz. Galliard Lord Duras, was in the Reign of K. Edward the Fourth, Knight of the Garter, being one of the last of Gascoign that held for the Crown of England, where he came and continued in great Employments un∣der the said King Edward, until he was resto∣red to his Estate in Gascoign by the Peace made betwixt the two Crowns.

Ruby, a Lion rampant, Pearl, was the Coat-Armour of Roger Mowbray a Norman, who was made Earl of Northumberland by William the Conqueror. He flew in Battel Malcombe King of Scots, and his eldest Son; but after rebelling against William Rufus, was taken prisoner in Northumberland, and kept, in Winchester prison till the reign of Henry the First, and then died without issue; after whose decease King Henry the First gave all his Lands and Arms to the Lord Nigell de Albaine, whose Son was called Mowbray, of whom descended the Mowbrays Dukes of Norfolk: And this Coat is now quartered by the honourable and flourishing Family of the Howards.

Ruby, a Lion rampant, Topaz, is the Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Richard Earl of Carbery, Baron Vaughan of Emblin and Molingar, and one of the Lords of his Majesties most honourable Privy Council.

Saphire, a Lion rampant, Pearl, is the Coat of the Right Honourable Iohn Lord Crew, Baron of Stean, descended from Eustace Crew, who came into England with William the Conqueror, and was made Baron of Mont∣halte.

Argent, a Lion rampant, Sable, is the Coat-Armour of the Stapletons of Yorkshire.

Sable, a Lion rampant, Argent, is born by Edmond Lewis Carn-Lloyd in Glamorganshire, Esquire; and by Edward Lewis of the Van in the said County, Esquire. As touching the bearing of the Lion after this manner, I hold that then he may be truly said to be rampant, when he standeth so directly upright, as that the crown of his head doth answer to the plant of his foot, whereupon he standeth in a per∣pendicular line, and not by placing of the left foot in the dexter corner of the Escocheon, as Leigh would have it. As the former Example sheweth the gesture of the Lion pursuing his prey; so this sheweth his gesture in seizing on it when he hath attained it.

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He beareth Argent, a Lion rampant, Sa, charg∣ed on the shoulder with a Martlet of the Field, by the Name of Mom∣pesson (anciently Mont∣pintson) and is the Coat of Sir Thomas Mompes∣son of Bathampton in Wiltshire, Kt. a person

of eminent loyalty and suffering in the late Troubles, whose Family have been of great Antiquity in the said County.

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He beareth Ermyn, a Lion rampant, Azure, crowned, Or, by the Name of Pickering, and with the Arms of Vl∣ster is the Coat of Sir Henry Pickering of Whaddon in Cambridge∣shire; and of Paxson in Huntingtonshire, Baro∣net.

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He beareth Argent, a Lion rampant, the Tail elevated and turned o∣ver the head, Sable. This was the Coat-Armour of Iohn Buxton of Tiben∣ham in the County of Norfolk, Esquire. Al∣though this manner of bearing, in respect of the Tail, is rarely used, yet it is very ancient, as appeareth by an old Table of the said Arms taken out of the Monastery of Bungey in Suf∣folk, having been before the dissolution of the Abbeys there hanged up, for one styled Le Se∣neschal Buxton; which Table now remaineth in the custody of the said Mr. Iohn Buxton. Here Blazoners may please to observe, how re∣quisite it is to take advised consideration in what manner the Tail of this beast is born in signs Armorial; but I shall presently in this Chapter have further occasion in the Coat-Armour of Corke to treat more largely of this point.

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He beareth Azure, a Lion rampant, Argent, a File of three Lam∣beaux, Gules, each charg∣ed with as many Be∣zants, by the Name of Covell. Here I tell not the colour of the Be∣zants, because every Rundle in Armory (of which sort these Bezants are) hath his proper colour and name in blazon, as shall hereafter be more particularly declared, when I come to speak of Rundles in general.

[illustration]

The Field is Or, a Lion rampant, parted per Fess, Azure and Gules, armed and lan∣gued, Argent. This was the Coat-Armour of Ralph Sadler of Stan∣don in the County of Hartford, Esq Grand∣child and Heir-male to Sir Ralph Sadler the last Knight Banneret that lived in England, a Grave Counsellor of State to King Henry the Eighth, King Edward the Sixth, and Queen Eliza∣beth; and is now born by Sir Edwin Sadler of Temple Dinsley in Hartfordshire, Kt. This kind of bearing of a Lion parted per Fess, appear∣eth in a very old Roll of Arms in colours, now in the custody of the before-mentioned Sir Richard Saint George, Kt. Clarenceux King of Arms.

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He beareth per Pale, Argent and Gules, a Lion rampant, Sable, by the Name of Roberts, and is the Coat-Armour of Edward Roberts of the City of Dublin in the Kingdom of Ireland, Esq.

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He beareth Argent, a Lion rampant, Gules, in the dexter point a Pheon, Sable, by the Name of Petyt. This is the Coat-Armour of Petyt of Cornwal, as also of Yorkshire; from whom is descended William Petyt of the Middle Temple, Esq whose Ancestor was Gilbert Petyt, Esq Lord of the Mannor of Sharlesteane, and divers other Lands in Oteley near Whearf in Yorkshire; who in the thir∣teenth year of Henry the Sixth, with I. Car∣dinal and Archbishhp of York, Richard Duke of York and others, was Iusticiarius Regis ad pacem in partibus de Westrithingo in Com. York, &c. and younger Son of Sir Iohn Petyt, Lord Ardover in Cornwall; which Sir Iohn married Margaret, Daughter and Coheir of Thomas Carmino, Grandson to Sir Oliver Car∣mino, Kt. Chamberlain to King Edward the Second, who married Elizabeth, sister to Thomas Holland Earl of Kent, and Duke of Surrey, who died the tenth year of Henry the

Sixth, descended from an ancient Family of Petyts, Lords of Ardover, in the time of Henry the First, of which Family there hath been six Knights; all which appeareth by the Descent and Pedigree of that Family, and by several Inquisitions post mortem.

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He beareth Azure, a Lion rampant, and Chief, Or, by the Name of Dixie. This with the Arms of Vl∣ster, is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Wolstan Dixie of Bos∣worth in Leicestershire, whose Son and Heir apparent is Beaumont Dixie of the said place, Esq

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He beareth Sable, a Lion rampant between three Crosses Formee, Or, by the Name of Ayloffe, and is the Coat-Armour of Sir William Ayloffe of Braxted Magna in Essex, Baro∣net; as also of Henry Ayloffe of the said place, Esq and of William Ayloffe of Chissele also in the said County, Esq

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Argent, a Lion ram∣pant, Azure, between three Escallop shells, Gules, by the Name of Ianes, and is born by William Ianes of Kirt∣ling in the County of Cambridge, Gent. de∣scended from the Fami∣ly of the Ianes of Corn∣wall.

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He beareth Gules, a Lion rampant, Argent, crowned Or, between three Crescents of the third, by the Name of Salisbury, and is born by Richard Salisbury of Barnstable in Devon∣shire, Gent.

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He beareth Diamond, a Lion rampant crown∣ed between three Cros∣lets, Topaz. This Coat was born by the Right Reverend Father 〈◊〉〈◊〉 God, Henry Lord Bishop of Chichester, Son of Iohn King Lord Bishop of London.

[illustration]

Or, a Lion rampant, Sable, between three Flowers de Lis, Azure, is born by Iames Fair∣clough of London, Dr. in Physick, who is de∣scended from the anci∣cient Family of the Faircloughs of Lanca∣shire; one of whose Ancestors was by the Lord Stanley of Bosworth-field (to whom Hen∣ry the Seventh owed so great a share of his Vi∣ctory) made his Standard-bearer. The Fair∣cloughs of the Counties of Bedford and Hert∣ford are branches of this Family.

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Ruby, a Lion ram∣pant within a Bordure engrailed, a Topaz, is born by the Right Ho∣nourable Charles Earl of Shrewsbury, Baron Talbot, Strange of Blackmere, Gifford of Brimsfield, Furnivall, Verdon and Loveloft.

Ruby, a Lion rampant within a Bordure engrailed, Pearl, is born by the Right Honou∣rable Ralph Lord Grey, Baron of Warke; of whose Family was Sir Iohn Grey, who for his good Service in France was by King Henry the Fifth created Earl of Tanquerville in the said Kingdom.

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He beareth Ermyn, a Lion rampant, Sable, within a Bordure, A∣zure, by the Name of Prichard, and is born by Sir William Prich∣ard of the City of Lon∣don, Knight and Al∣derman.

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He beareth, Azure, a Lion rampant, Ar∣gent, crowned Or, bor∣dured as the Second, Pellottee, by the Name of Henley, and is born by Sir Robert Henley of Northington in Hant∣shire, Kt. Master of the King's Bench Office.

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He beareth barrey of∣ten, Argent and Azure, over all a Lion ram∣pant, Gules, by the Name of Stratford, and is the Coat-Armour of Richard Stratford of Hawling and Neather Getting in Glocester∣shire, Gent. descended from that ancient Fami∣ly of the Stratfords of Farmcoat in the said County.

[illustration]

He beareth per Bend sinister, Ermyn and Er∣myns, a Lion rampant, Or, by the Name of Trevor, and is born by Sir Thomas Trevor of Lemington Hastings in Warwickshire, Knight and Baronet, only Son of Sir Thomas Trevor, one of the Barons of the Exchequer to King Charles the First: And by Sir Iohn Trevor of Brynkynalt in Denbigh∣shire, Kt. descended from Tudor Trevor, Earl of Hereford.

This Coat is also born by Sir Roger Mostyn of Mostyn in Flintshire, Knight and Baronet; and by William Mostyn of Rhyd in the said County, Esquire.

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He beareth Gyrony of eight Ermyns and Ermynois, a Lion ram∣pant, Or, by the Name of Williams, and with the Arms of Vlster is the Coat-Armour of Sir Trevor Williams of Langiby Castle in Mon∣mouthshire, Baronet.

[illustration]

Gules, a Lion ram∣pant, guardant, Or, is the Coat-Armour be∣longing to the Family of the Morices; the chief of which is the Right Honourable Sir William Morice of Werington in Devon∣shire, Baronet, late one of his Majesties Princi∣pal Secretaries of State, and at present one of his most honourable Privy Council.

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He beareth Gules, on a Pale, Or, a Lion ram∣pant, Azure, by the Name of D'arnall, and is the Coat-Armour of Iohn D'arnall of the Middle Temple, Lon∣don, Esq.

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He beareth Azure, upon a Pale radiant raionee, Or, a Lion rampant, Gules, by the Name of Colman of Brunt Ely in the Coun∣ty of Suffolk. Had not the shining rays of this glistering Pale extraor∣dinarily invited me to gaze upon the rarity of this bearing, I should without respect of the Lion rampant (of which kind you have had already great variety) being this rare Pale's only charge, omitted to have here demonstrated this Coat-Armour; but I doubt not, if the skilful Artist in this way ob∣serve it well, he cannot but commend the in∣vention of its first deviser.

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He beareth Argent, a Lion rampant be∣tween three Cressants, Sable, a Chief, Verrey. This is the Coat-Ar∣mour of Thomas Wil∣cocks of Tottenham High-cross in the Coun∣ty of Middlesex.

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He beareth Or, a Pale between two Li∣ons rampant, Sable, by the Name of Naylour, and is born by Richard Naylour of Offord D'ar∣cy in Huntingtonshire, Esquire, whose great Grandfather, William Naylour Esq was one of the six Clerks of Chancery in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth.

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He beareth Argent, a Bend between two Lions rampant, Sable by the Name of Osborn, and with the Arms of Vlster, is the Coat-Armour of Sir Iohn Osborn of Chi••klands in Bedfordshire, Baro∣net.

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He beareth Gules, three Lions rampant, Or, by the Name of Herbert, and is born by Basil Fitz-Herbert of Norbury in Derby∣shire, Esquire.

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Argent, three Lions rampant, and a Chief, Azure, is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Samu∣el Grant of Crundall in Hantshire, and of the Society of the Inner Temple, London, Esq.

Argent, three Lions rampant, and a Chief, Gules, is the Coat-Armour of Sir Henry Yel∣verton of Easton-Manduit in Northampton∣shire, Baronet. The Lion (saith Farnesius) is a lively Image of a good Souldier, who must be valiant of Courage, strong of Body, politick in Counsel, and a foe to fear: Such a one was the most valiant Prince Richard the Second, surnamed Cour de Lion, whose re∣nowned Adventures, suited with all courage and politick care, gave him the eternal Name of the Lion-heart.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Cheveron between 3 Lions rampant, Or, by the Name of Owen. This with the Arms of Vlster, is the Coat-Armour of Sir Hugh Owen of Or••elton in Pembrokeshire, Baro∣net.

[illustration]

Per Pale, Saphi••e and Ruby, three Lions rampant, Pearl. This is the Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable William Earl of Pem∣broke and Montgomery, Baron Herbert of Car∣diff, Ross of Kendale, Parr, Marmion St. Quintain, and Shurland.

This Coat is also born by the Right Honou∣rable William Herbert, Earl and Baron of Powis; and by the Right Honourable Edward Lord Herbert, Baron of Cherbury and Castle-Island.

This Coat is also born by the Family of the Progers; amongst whom is Charles Proger Herbert of Gwerndy in Monmouthshire, Esq one of the Gentlemen of his Majesties Privy chamber: By Edward Proger Herbert, Esq one of the Grooms of his Majesties Bed-cham∣ber: And by Henry Proger Herbert, Esq one of his Majesties Ecqueties.

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Per Pale, Argent and Gules, a Cheveron be∣tween three Lions ram∣pant counterchanged, by the Name of Lim∣bery of Lime-house in Middlesex, Gent. de∣scended from the Lim∣beries of Dorsetshire.

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Per Pale, Gules and Argent, a Cheveron engrailed between 3 Lions rampant, Ar∣gent, by the Name of Hoskins, and is born by Sir William Hos∣kins of Oxted in Sur∣rey, Kt.

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He beareth Ermyn, on a Chief, Sable, three Lions rampant, Argent, by the Name of Gleane, and with the Arms of Vlster is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Peter Gleane of Hard∣wick in the County of Norfolk, Baronet.

Ermyn, on a Chief, Azure, three Lions rampant, Or, by the Name of Aucher, and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Anthony Aucher of Bishops-bourn in the County of Kent, Knight and Baronet.

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He beareth Argent, three Mascles, Sable, on a Chief of the Se∣cond, as many Lions rampant of the First, by the Name of Han∣son, and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Robert Hanson of the City of London, Kt. Lord Mayor thereof Anno 1675.

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He beareth Or, on a Fess indented between three Billets, Azure, each charged with a Lion rampant as the Field, so many Bezants, by the Name of Rolles, and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Iohn Rolle of Steventon in Devon∣shire, Knight of the Bath: And of Colonel Samuel Rolle of Hean∣ton in the said County, Esq

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He beareth Azure, on a Cheveron engrail∣ed, Argent, between three Trefoils slipped, Ermyn, as many Lion∣cels rampant, Sables, armed and langued, Gules, by the Name of Barliff Bariff or Be∣riff: For I find the Name variously written, which I note here to give a Caveat to Gentlemen to be careful to keep the ancient and true Othography of their Sirnames, lest in time the differing variety thereof may call their Descents and Arms into question: For it is utterly unlawful by the law of Arms, for one Gentleman to bear the Coat-Armour of another, they both being descended from several Families, although their Sirnames be near agreeing, or the same.

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He beareth Argent, on a Cross, Gules, five Lioncels salient, Or, by the Name of Audyn of Dorchester in the Coun∣ty of Dorset. The Prophet Isaiah descri∣beth the valourous cou∣rage of these kind of beasts, though young, where he saith, That as a Lion, or a Lion's whelp roareth upon his prey, against whom if a multitude of Shepherds be called, he will not be afraid at their voice, neither will he humble himself at their noise; so shall the Lord of Hosts come down to fight for Mount Sion, and for the Hill thereof, Isa. 31. 4. But here the Lions are not well cut.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, two Lions rampant, comba∣tant, Gules, langued and armed, Azure, by the Name of Wycombe.

Sable, two Lions ram∣pant, combatant, Or, is born by Nicholas Carter of London, Dr. in Phy∣sick. Leigh saith, That these were two Lions of sundry Regions, which of manhood must combate only for Govern∣ment: For the Lion is as desirous of mastery as a couragious Prince is ambitious of Honour; which if it be in a just Title and Claim, is a vertue in a King, and no way to be disliked? For it was a Royal Apothegm worthy that great King, Nemo me major, nisi qui justior; I acknowledge no King greater than my self, but he that is juster.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, two Lioncels rampant, endorsed, Or. This Coat (saith Leigh) was born by Achilles the Grecian at the Siege of Troy. And Leigh takes it to be a Combate in∣tended between two valiant men, and they both keep appointment and meet in the Field; but the Prince favouring both Parties, taketh the matter into his hands, and then turn they back to back, and so depart the Field: For their stout Stomacks will not suffer them to go both one way, because it is counted an injury to hardiness to go first out of the Field.

There are yet other forms of bearing the Lion than are hitherto expressed, as in these next Escocheons may be seen.

[illustration]

The Field is Mars, a tricorporated Lion issu∣ing out of the three corners of the Escoche∣on, all meeting under one head in the Fess point, Sol, langued and armed, Jupiter. A like Lion did Edmund, Sur∣named Crouchback (Earl of Lancaster and brother to King Edward the First) bear in Device, as appeareth by the Seal of the same Edmund; the Circumference of which Seal containeth this Inscription; SIGILLUM EDMUNDI FILII REGIS ANGLIAE. Only herein it dif∣fereth from this, that where the middlemost of the bodies in this is born rampant, and the o∣ther two descend from the corners of the Escocheon; contrariwise in the Seal the two lowermost are born passant, and the third de∣scended from above, and are all conjoyned in the Center of the said Circumference. The like was born in Device by one of the Ance∣stors of the Right Noble and Honourable late Lord Carew, Earl of Totness: But the Field of this was Topaz, and the Lion Diamond; more∣over the middlemost body of this was rampant, and the other two after a sort passant.

[illustration]

Ruby, three demy Lions rampant, Pearl, between a Mound, To∣paz, is the Paternal Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Hen∣ry Bennet, Earl and Baron of Arlington, Viscount Thetford, Kt. of the most Noble Or∣der of the Garter, Lord Chamberlain of his Ma∣jesties Household, and one of the Lords of his most honourable Privy Council, &c. whose el∣der brother is Sir Iohn Bennet of Dawley in the Parish of Harlington in Middlesex, Knight of the Bath, and Lieutenant to his Majesties Band of Gentlemen Pentioners.

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He beareth Azure, two Bars wavy, Ermyn, on a Chief, Or, a demy Lion rampant, Sable, by the Name of Smyth, and with the Arms of Vlster is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Robert Smyth of Vpton in the Parish of West∣ham in Essex, Baronet; and without the Arms of Vlster, is the Coat of Sir Iames Smyth of the City of London, Knight and Alderman, Sons of Sir Robert Smyth of Vpton aforesaid, Knight and Baro∣net.

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He beareth Or, a de∣my Lion rampant, Gules, by the Name of Mallory. There are certain forms of bearing much like un∣to this at the first sight; but are diverse from it in bearing, and do receive a different form of bla∣zon, whereof good heed must be taken, Quia diversitas nominis deno∣tat diversitatem rei, the diversity of names doth manifest the diversity of things; inasmuch as names are significant demonstrations of things, and express notes of their differences.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, on a Chief, Or, a Lion ram∣pant issuant, Gules, lan∣gued and armed of the first, by the Name of Markham. This Lion is said to be issuant, because he doth issue from out of the bottom of the Chief; and so must other things be blazoned which thus arise from the bottom thereof.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Chief, Gules, a Lion ram∣pant jessant, his tayl forked, Or, by the Name of Hastang. A Lion jes∣sant born in Coat-Ar∣mour, is where the Coat is first charged with a Chief or other Ordinary, and after by some occasi∣on some Animal is added thereunto, but is not subjected to the primary Charge, but is born over both the Field and Charge; and is there∣fore called a Lion jessant, à jacendo, because of such lying all over. Some blazon this Coat Azure, a Chief, Gules, over all a Lion rampant, his tayl forked, Or.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, out of the midst of a Fess, Sable, a Lion rampant, naissant, Gules, armed and lan∣gued, Azure. This Coat was born by Sir Henry Emme, Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter, and chosen com∣panion thereof by Ed∣ward the Third, when he did erect and esta∣blish the same. This Lion is said to be naissant, because he seemeth to issue out of the womb of

the Fess, Quasi nunc esset in nascendo. This form of blazon is peculiar to all living things, that shall be found issuing out of the midst of some ordinary or common charge.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Lions head erased, Gules, by the Name of Govis. Concerning the dignity of this part of the body, and how the same is preferred before all other the parts and Members thereof, I have formerly made menti∣on, as also of the commendable bearing of Members erased.

[illustration]

He beareth Topaz, on a Chief, Diamond, three Lions heads erased of the first. This was the Coat-Armour of Sir Thomas Richardson, Kt. Lord Chief Justice of his Majesties Court of Kings Bench; and is the At∣chievement of the Right Honourable Thomas Lord Richardson, Baron of Cramond in Scotland. I do here give this Coat-Armour this kind of blazon by precious stones, in respect of that high place of Justice which its Bearer executeth under his Majesty.

[illustration]

The Field is Azure, a Cheveron, Argent, be∣tween three Lions heads erased, Ermyn, crowned Or. This was the Coat-Armour of Sir Paul Pindar of the City of London, Kt. whose boun∣teous Piety, manifest in many other charitable actions, was in the year 1632. more conspicuous in the richly adorning and exquisite beautifying the Quire of Saint Paul's Church. Erasing is a violent rending of a member from the body, and may signifie some worthy and memorable Act of the Bear∣er, that hath severed the head from the shoul∣ders of some notorious turbulent or seditious person.

[illustration]

Azure, a Cheveron be∣tween three Lions heads erased, Or, by the Name of Wyndham, and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Hugh Wyndham of Silton in Dorsetshire, Kt. one of the Justices of his Majesties Court of Common Pleas at Westminister, eighth Son of Sir Iohn Wyndham of Orchard-Wyndham in Somersetshire, Kt. who was lineally descend∣ed from the ancient Family of the Wyndhams in Felbrigg in Norfolk, and owner thereof.

This Coat is also born by Thomas Wyndham of Tale in Devonshire, Esq one of the Grooms of his now Majesties Bedchamber, third Son of Sir Edmond Wyndham of Cathanger in So∣mersetshire, Knight Marshal of his Majesties most Honourable Houshold, and lineally de∣scended of the ancient Family of the Wynd∣hams of Crown-Thorp in Norfolk.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, on a Fess between three Lions heads erased, Or, as many Ogresses, by the Name of Cambell. This with the Arms of Vlster, is the bearing of Sir Henry Cambell of Clay-hall in the Parish of Barkin, Essex, Baro∣net.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Bend, Sable, three Lions heads erased of the Field, crowned, Or, by the Name of Wroth, and with the Arms of Vlster, is the Coat-Ar∣mour of Sir Iohn Wroth of Blenden-hall in the County of Kent, Baro∣net.

[illustration]

Vert, three Quater∣foils, Argent, each charged with a Lions head erased, Sable, by the Name of Plott, and is the Coat-Armour of Thomas Plo••t, Esq Se∣cretary to his Highness the great Duke of Tus∣cany; descended of the Family of the Plotts of Sparsholt in Barkshire.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, two Lions paws issuing out of a Dexter and Sinister base points, erected in form of a Cheveron, Argent, armed, Gules, by the Name of Framp∣ton. The forefeet of the Lion have five toes upon each foot, and the hin∣der feet but four, whereby nature hath enabled him, for the more sure seizing and retaining his acquired prey. The Lions claws are crooked and exceeding hard, with these he carveth and rendeth his prey; and for this purpose he keep∣eth them very choicely and tenderly, and is no less careful to save them from blunting, than a good Souldier is to keep his Armour and Wea∣pons from rust and bluntness. By the great∣ness and sharpness of the Lions claw, we may easily conjecture how dangerous a thing it is for a man to encounter him; for wheresoever he seizeth, if he break not the bones, yet he renteth away the flesh. So also may we give a near ghess, if not make a certain demonstra∣tion of his proportion and bigness; for so we read that Phydias, the famous Carver of great Images in Gold and in Ivory, upon the sight of a Lions claw only, did raise the whole propor∣tion of his body, which gave occasion (as is supposed) of the Proverb, Leonem ex ungue aestimare, whereby is meant, That of one pro∣bable conjecture, a man may give a near ghess of the whole business.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, 3 Lions Gambes, or paws erased, Argent, by the Name of Newdigate; and is the Coat-Armour of Richard Newdigate of Harfield in Middle∣sex, Serjeant at Law, Son of Sir Iohn New∣digate of Arbury in Warwickshire, Kt. who was Son and Heir of Iohn Newdigate of Har∣field aforesaid, Esq.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, two Lions paws, erased, in Saltire, the Dexter surmounted of the Sini∣ster, Gules. That Lions, Panthers, and Leopards do hide their claws with∣in their skin when they go or run, it may seem a little miracle; for they do neve•• extend them but when they offer to seize their prey, lest they should be blunted, and so become less serviceable for the apprehension, retention, and division of their prey.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, 3 Lions paws couped and erected, Argent, armed, Gules, by the Name of Vsher. Sometimes these paws are found born up∣on Ordinaries, as in this next Escocheon, where there is a Lions paw born upon a Canton. And you must observe, That albeit I do here use but one Example for an Instance, yet shall you by observation find them born as well upon other Ordinaries as on this.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Canton, Sable; a Lions paw erased in bend, Or, by the Name of Bowtheby. This one Coat doth minister oc∣casion of a twofold ob∣servation: the one, that this member is born up∣on Ordinaries; the o∣ther, that it is born after the manner or fashi∣on of Ordinaries, as Cheveron-ways, Cross-ways, Saltire-ways, &c. as by the precedent Examples may appear.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, 3 Lions tails erected and erased, Argent, by the Name of Corke. The Lion hath great strength in his tail, the much motion whereof is a manifest to∣ken of anger. When he mindeth to assail his e∣nemy, he stirreth up himself by often beating of his back and sides with his tail, and thereby stirreth up his cou∣rage, to the end he do nothing faintly or cow∣ardly. The Lion when he is hunted, carefully provideth for his safety, labouring to frustrate the pursuit of the Hunters by sweeping out his foosteps with his tail as he goeth, that no ap∣pearance of his track may be discovered, whereby they may know which way to make after him.

The Lion beareth his tail after a diverse man∣ner, insomuch as we may thereby (if not cer∣tainly know, yet give a near ghess) what a mood he is in for the present; viz. whether he be furiously bent, or peaceable, or majesti∣cally affected. And these qualities are mani∣festly discerned by the Inversion, Eversion, or Extension, &c. of his tail.

Here may rise a Question, Whether the bearing of the tail of the Lion in any of these several manners be a sufficient difference to prevent all causes of challenge?

For my own part (albeit I have not read or

seen in Gerard Leigh, Boswell, Ferne, or a∣ny other Armorial Writers, the state of this Question handled) I hold that they be differ∣ences sufficient to debarr all challenge: My Reasons are these; first, Sufficit quod inter arma mea & tua talis sit differentia, qua detur diversitas. And again, Nova forma dat no∣vum esse rei: I hold them not only to be dif∣ferences secundum quid, but simpliciter; that is to say, absolute and essential differences. Furthermore, Data una dissimilitudine etiam paria judicabuntur diversa. Moreover, ex∣perience sheweth us, That the least addition or subtraction in Armorial signs maketh them cease to be the same that they were; Omnia Arma Arithmeticis figuris sunt simillima, qui∣bus si quid addas vel subtrahas, non remanet eadem species, as I have formerly shewed. Finally, for approbation of these my Opinions, I will add this infallible Assertion, Ea differunt quorum definitiones differunt.

These are my Reasons that induce me to be of this Opinion, that the diverse manner of bearing of the tail of the Lion, as aforesaid, are or may be (without exception) essential diffe∣rences: which nevertheless I referr to the ju∣dicious censure of the Learned in this Profes∣sion, who perhaps may convince me with more forceable grounds.

But because Demonstration is the best of Ar∣guments to convince the incredulous, it is ap∣parent that Buxton's Coat before mentioned, differs not from that of Smeres, but only in the manner of the bearing of the tail, both of them being Argent, a Lion rampant, Sable; only in Buxton's Coat the tail is elevated and turned over the head of the Lion, as it more plainly appears before in this present Chap∣ter.

Now as touching particularizing of the be∣forementioned assertion, I say that the Eversi∣on of the tail of the Lion is an express token of his placability or tractableness: as contrariwise the Inversion of his tail is a note of wrath and fury, especially if he do beat the back there∣with, and doth roar withal. Of this proper∣ty of the Lion Catullus maketh mention in these words,

Age, caede terga cauda tua, verbera pateant Face, cuncta mugienti fremitu loca retonent.

The gate of a Lion, when he is passant, is an apparent note of his jurisdiction and regal au∣thority and sovereignty wherewith the exten∣sion of his tail doth fitly quadrate and agree: inasmuch as when he hunteth after his prey, he roareth vehemently, whereat the Beasts being astonished, do make a stand, whilst he with his tail maketh a circle about them in the sand, which circle they dare not transgress; which done, out of them he makeh choice of his prey at his pleasure.

[illustration]

The Field is party per Pale, Gules and A∣zure, a Tigre passant, Argent. This was the Paternal Coat-Armour of Iohn Mabb Cham∣berlain of London in the time of Queen Eliza∣beth. The Tigre may well take place next to the Lion, it being a Beast of great cruelty and incomparable swiftness, whence some think the River Tigris had its Name.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Tigre passant, regardant gazing in a Mirrour or Looking-glass, all pro∣per. This Coat-Armour standeth in the Chancel of the Church of Thame in Oxfordshire, in a Glass-window of the same Chancel, impaled on the Sinister side with the Coat-Armour pro∣perly pertaining to the Family of de Bardis. Near to this Escocheon is placed this Inscripti∣on, Hadrianus de Bardis Prebendarius istius Ecclesiae. Some report that those who rob the Tigre of her young, use a policy to detain their Dam from following them, by easting sundry Looking-glasses in the way, whereat she useth long to gaze, whether it be to behold her own beauty, or because, when she seeth her shape in the glass, she thinketh she seeth one of her young ones, and so they escape the swiftness of her pursuit. And thus are many deceived of the substance, whiles they are much busied about the shadows.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Fess between three Ti∣gres heads erased, Or, by the Name of Hun∣lock, and with the Arms of Vlster, is the Pater∣nal Coat-Armour of Sir Henry Hunlock of Win∣gerworth in the County of Derby, Baronet.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Bear passant, Argent. It is written of the she Bear, that she bringeth forth her young ones unperfect and deformed, like a lump of raw flesh, and licks it till it comes to shape and perfection. The she Bear is most

cruelly inraged against any that shall hurt her young, or despoil her of them: as the Scrip∣ture ••aith in setting forth the fierce anger of the Lord, That he will meet his adversaries, as a Bear robbed of her whelps. Which teacheth us how careful Nature would have us to be of the welfare of our Children, since so cruel Beasts are so tender hearted in this kind.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Bear rampant, Sable, muzzled, Or, by the Name of Barnard. The Countries that were re∣puted famous for the cruelty of Bears, were Lucania and Vmbria in Italy, now called the Dutchy of Spoletum. And so in ancient times was our Island of Bri∣tain: For Bears were carried from hence to Rome for a shew, where they were holden in great admiration. The Bear by nature is a cruel Beast; but this here demonstrated unto you, is (to prevent the mischief it might o∣therwise do, as you may observe) as it were bound to the good behaviour with a muzzle. I must confess I have often seen a Sable Bear sali∣ant, in a Field Argent, born by the Name of Bernard.

[illustration]

Argent, three Bears heads erased, Sable, muzzled, Or, by the Name of Langham, and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Iames Langham of Cottesbrook in Northamptonshire, Knight and Baronet; Sir William Langham of Walgrave in the said County, Kt. and Sir Stephen Langham of the City of London, Kt. Son of Iohn Langham of London and Cottesbrook aforesaid, Esq who was descended from Henry de Langham of Langham in Rutlandshire; whose Son William de Langham, Grandfather of Robert, who li∣ved in the Reign of Edward the Third, held three Caracuts of Land there.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cheveron between 3 Bears heads erased, Sa∣ble, muzzled, Or, by the Name of Pennarth. The Bear is reported to combat with the Bull; in which fight he useth no less policy than strength, as evidently may appear out of Aristotle de Animalibus, lib. 8. chap. 230.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Wolf saliant, Argent, langued, Or, armed, Gules, by the Name of Downe or Doune. Some such Ensign did Macedon the Son of O∣syris (sirnamed Iupiter the Iust, whose Father was Cham the Son of Noah) bear in his shield at such time, as he, together with divers of his brethren and kins∣folk, did warfare under the conduct of Osyris, as witnesseth Diodorus Siculus; Osyridem duo filij, virtute dispares, Anubis & Macedon, pro∣sequuti sunt, uterque Armis usus est insignibus, aliquo animali haud ab eorum natura dissimi∣li: nam Anubis Canem, Macedon Lupum, in∣signe Armorum tulit. Anubis (saith he) gave a Dog for his device on his Arms, and Mace∣don a Wolf. This Coat-Armour may serve to exemplifie that which I have formerly deliver∣ed touching the Antiquity of Arms. The an∣cient Romans also in their Military Ensigns did bear the Wolf, as appeareth by Vegetius Val∣turius and others.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Wolf preyant, Argent, by the Name of Lowe, and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Edward Lowe of New Sarum in Wilt∣shire, Kt. one of the Masters of the high and honourable Court of Chancery. Vpton lea∣veth to the considerati•• of Heralds, whether the bearing of the Wolf in Arms be not fit for such persons as in Parlia∣ments and places of great Assembly, are ac∣customed to wrangle and shew themselves con∣tentious; and (quasi Iohannes in opposito) to put on a resolute determination to be con∣trary to all others. For it is the Wolves nature, when they assemble together, to fall a howling. Some write, that those who suddenly look on a Wolf do lose their voice. It were fit such wolvish and snarling persons would look on themselves in a Glass, and so become more si∣lent.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, three Wolves passant in pale, Sable, by the Name of Lovet; and is born by Edward Lovet of Corfe in the Parish of Tanstock in the County of Devon, Esq

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Bend, Vert, three Wolves heads erased of the Field by the Name of Myddleton; and with the Arms of Vlster, is the Paternal Coat-Ar∣mour of Sir Thomas Myddleton of Chirk Ca∣stle in Denbighshire, Ba∣ronet. This Coat, with∣out the Arms of Vlster, is born by Sir Thomas Myddleton of Stansted-Mount-fitchet in the County of Essex, Kt.

Thus ending with the Wolf, I will perclose this Tract of Beasts of fierce Nature, compre∣hending all others of this kind, as Ounces, Lynxes, Hyenaes, Panthers, &c. under these before handled. Forasmuch as the greatest part of the general Rules, as also of the sun∣dry forms of bearing attributed unto Lions and Wolves, may be aptly applied to all, or the greatest part of other Beasts of like Nature.

CHAP. XVI.

HAVING given Examples of raven∣ous and fierce kind, that by main force do prosecute and obtain their prey; I will now proceed to the handling of Beasts less fell and harmful: of which number some are wild and savage; other are domestical and so∣ciable, as Dogs of all sorts, of which I will first intreat; because the Dog, whether it be for pleasure and game in field, or for thrift and guard at home, deserveth a very high estima∣tion; and of all Dogs, those of chase are most in use in Armory; whereof some prosecute their prey speedily, others more leisurably. Of the first sort is the Greyhound, as in Ex∣ample.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Greyhound passant, Sable, by the Name of Holford. Such Dogs as do pursue their Game with a more leisurely pace, are Hounds fitted for all sorts of Game; as Harthounds, Buck∣hounds, Harriers, Otter∣hounds, Bloodhounds, &c. which are of some Authors called Odorisequi canes, quia odoratu investigant, for following by the smell: and Cicero calleth them Sagaces canes, because of their tender and quick sent; and both these and the Greyhound are called Canes Venatici, Dogs for the chase.

Note, that it appeareth in an old Manuscript treating of Blazon, that a Greyhound cannot properly be termed rampant; for it is contrary to his kind to appear so fierce, as the Author there writeth in his said Book, now remaining in the custody of that worthy Knight Sir Wil∣liam Seger, Garter, principal King of Arms, whose great study and travel in this Heraldical Art hath, by his own Works already publish∣ed, been sufficiently manifest.

[illustration]

He beareth Vert, a Greyhound current, Ar∣gent, collared, Gules, studded, Or, by the Name of Blome; and is the Coat-Armour of Richard Blome of A∣bergwlly in Carnarvon∣shire, Esq of Iohn Blome of Sevenoak in the County of Kent, Gent. and Richard Blome of London, Gent. the Undertaker of this Work.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, two Bars Sable, charged with three Trefoils slipped of the Field, in Chief a Greyhound cur∣rent of the Second, by the Name of Palmer; and is the Coat-Armour of William Palmer of Ladbrook in Warwick∣shire, Esq Son and Heir of Sir William Palmer of Warden-street in Bedfordshire, Kt.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, 3 Greyhounds current in pale, Argent, by the Name of Mauleverer; and with the Arms of Vlster, is the Coat of Sir Thomas Mauleverer of Allerton-Mauleverer in the west Riding of Yorkshire, Baronet.

Argent, three Greyhounds current pale-ways, Sable, collared, Or, by the Name of More (or De la More) and with the Arms of Vlster, is the Coat-Armour of Sir Edward More of More-hall and Bank-hall in Lancashire, Baro∣net, lineally descended from the ancient Fami∣ly of the Mores of the said places; whose An∣cestors have there continued for above twenty Generations, as appears as well by divers anci∣ent Deeds now in the custody of the said Sir Edward, as by the Hatchments and Inscrip∣tions engraven on the walls of the said Houses. This Coat is also born by Sir Iohn More of the City of London, Knight and Alderman, line∣ally descended from the Family of the Mores aforesaid.

Sable, three Greyhounds current in pale, Argent, collared, Or, is the Coat-Armour of the ancient Family of the Machels of Craken∣thorp in Westmoreland; and is now born by Lancelot Machel, Esq Lieutenant of Horse to the Counties of Cumberland and Westmoreland, a great Loyalist, and an expert Souldier. This Name was writ Mauchael, or Mauchel, from the Conquest to the Reign of King Henry the Eighth, at which time those two valiant War∣riers, Guy Mauchel of Crakenthorp, Esq and Hugh his Brother, engaged themselves in that Expedition against the French, in which the English were victorious, and took the almost impregnable City of Turnay, from whence they both returned, and were successively Lords of Crakenthorp aforesaid. This Guy, though in many dangers, yet died in his Bed about the 27th of Henry the Eighth, but shewed an He∣roick and Marshal Spirit in bequeathing his Arms and Armour to his Sons in the very first place, as that which was most dear unto him. And Hugh Machel, for his Valour, was by King Henry the Eighth deputed with Sir Thomas Wharton, Warden of the west Marshes of Eng∣land, by a Warrant under the said King's Sign Manual, Dated the 28th of Iune in the 29th year of his Reign.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Talbot passant, Argent, by the Name of Bor∣goigne. It is a general observation, That there is scarce any vertue inci∣dent to a man, but there are singular sparks and resemblances of the same in the sundry kinds of Dogs: For some are so couragious, as if they be in the encounter, you may cut off a leg or any limb before they will let go their holdfast: in which kind the English Mastiff hath highest praise; insomuch that Histories report, That the Romans took Mastiffs hence to carry in their Armies instead of Souldiers. Some o∣thers have been so trusty and loving to their Masters, as being by errour lost, they have re∣fused meat, though it were to their death, till they saw their Masters again. For their admi∣rable property in finding any thing that is lost, in fetching any thing they are injoyned, in pur∣suing any man by the scent of his foot after he is fled: It requireth a Naturalist's large Dis∣course, rather than the touch of an Herald's Pencil.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Talbot passant, Or, a Chief, Ermyn, by the Name of Chaffin; and is the Coat-Armour of Thomas Chaffin of Chet∣tle in Dorsetshire, Esq

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a Fess dauncette, between three Talbots passant, Sable, by the Name of Carrick. These kind of Dogs are called in Latin Canes sagaces, for the tenderness of their scent, and quickness of smelling, because there∣by they do readily discover and find out the tracts, forms, and lodgings of Beasts of chase, and of Savage kind: which done, they do pro∣secute their undertaken chase with open mouth and continual cry, that oftentimes, through hot pursuit, they do so tire it, as that it is ei∣ther taken up by the Huntsman, or doth become a prey to themselves.

[illustration]

Per Cheveron en∣grailed, Argent and Gules, three Talbots heads erased counter∣changed, by the Name of Duncombe; and is the Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Sir Iohn Duncombe of Batlesdenbury in Bed∣fordshire, Kt. Chancellor and Under-Treasurer of the Exchequer, and one of his Majesties most ho∣nourable Privy Council, &c.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Fess between three Tal∣bots heads erased, Or, by the Name of Bur∣ton; and is the Coat of Casibulan Burton of Lindley in the County of Leicester, Esq To this head must be refer∣red all other sorts of Dogs of Prosecution; as Beagles, Terriers, and such like, so called, Quia feras sub terra pro∣sequuntur, (for that they prosecute their prey under the ground, as the others do above ground) also Land and Water-Spaniels, and such others. Now for the wild or savage sort of Beasts, some do atchieve their prey by sub∣til means, as Foxes, Ferrets, Weasels, Cats, &c.

some by prudent providence, as the Hedghog, Squirel, and such like. Others also there are, whose care is, not so much how to come by their prey, as that themselves become not a prey to others; as Hares, Conies, &c. of these briefly I will give some few Examples, to shew to what head they are to be reduced, as fol∣loweth.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, two Reynards counter∣saliant in Bend, the dex∣ter surmounted of the sinister Saltire-like, Gules, by the Name of Kadrod-Hard of Wales. These are somewhat unlike Sampson's Foxes, that were tied together at the tails; and yet these two agree in aliquo tertio: They came into the field like two ene∣mies, but they meant nothing less than to fight, and therefore they pass by each other; like two crafty Lawyers, which came to the Barr, as if they meant to fall out deadly about their Cli∣ents cause; but when they have done, and their Clients purses well spunged, they are better Friends than ever they were, and laugh at those Geese, that will not believe them to be Foxes, till they (too late) find themselves Fox-bitten.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, three Cats-a-mountains in Pale passant, Sable, by the Name of Keat; this with the Arms of Vl∣ster, is the bearing of Sir Ionathan Keat of Pauls-Walden in Hart∣fordshire, and of Grove∣hurst in the Parish of Milton in Kent, Baronet.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cheveron, Azure, be∣tween three Squirels seiant, Gules, by the Name of Lovell. This Beast hath his name Sciurus, or Scuirel, by reason of the largeness of his tail, which sha∣doweth all his Body: And is therein like one, who carefully keeping the love and affection of his followers and re∣tainers, is sure they will stick to him, protect and shadow him in time of need. To whom those Villains (mentioned in the Roman Hi∣story) were much unlike, who betraied their proscribed Lords, flying to them for shelter and secret coverture. And such a one was the faithless Cartismandua, to whom our renown∣ed British King Caractacus flying to hide him∣self till he might gather his Forces together a∣gainst the Romans, she betraid him unto his Foes, to the ruine of this Kingom: That infa∣mous Queen had not Caudam Sciuri, a Squi∣rels shadowing tail; but Caudam Draconis, fiery and venomous.

[illustration]

The field is parted per Fess, Gules and A∣zure, in the first six whole Er∣myns, Ermyn, couchant, three and three. This was the Coat-Armour of a Bishop in the Kingdome of Scotland, who lived Anno Dom. 1474. as I find it in Mr. Gar∣ter's beforementioned Manuscript. The Sir∣name of this Bishop is not there set down. I have inserted this Coat-Armour in regard of the rarity of the bearing of this Beast whole in an Escocheon, which is seldom so used: but the skin of this Beast is of very frequent use in Arms, it being that Furr in Blazon called Er∣myn, of which I have formerly treated in this Book, Sect. 1. Chap. 4. I was as curious as I could in procuring this Escocheon to be cut like unto that which is depicted in that Manuscript, because I was desirous to demonstrate unto you the fashion of Escocheons of those times. I must confess that I find the Blazon there to dif∣fer from this of mine; for there he beginneth to Blazon the base part of the field first, which manner of Blazon at this day is not approved of by English Blazoners.

To these must be added all fourfooted Beasts that are provident in acquiring their food, as the Hedghog and such other. It resteth that I should now give Example of the last sort of Beasts, among them of savage kind before spoken of, which are those of timorous and fearful Nature: Such are these that follow, and their like.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, three Conies, Sable, by the Name of Stroode. Conies are bred in most Countries, but in few are they so plentiful as in England. Amongst the Baleares they were so abundant, as that the people made sute to Au∣gustus to grant them a military company of Pi∣oneers to destroy them. Of this little Beast it seemeth, that men first learned the Art of un∣dermining and subverting of Cities, Castles, and Towres by the industry of Pioneers.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, three Conies current, Or, by the Name of Cunliff, and with a Crescent for a difference is the Coat-Armour of Nicholas Cunliff of Chis••••churst in Kent, Gent.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, three Conies seiant within a Bordure en∣grailed, Argent, by the Name of Conisbie. Though Nature hath not given these timor∣ous kinds of Beasts such craft of strength as to the former; yet are they not destitute of their succours, in that they have their strong Castles and Habitations in the Earth, and their Food ever growing so nigh them, that they need not put themselves into danger except they list.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Fess Nebule, Sable, three Hares heads coup∣ed, Or, by the Name of Harewell. The Hare is a simple Creature, and reposeth all her safety in swiftness, wherein she useth many shifts to help herself withal, both to defend herself from the peril of the Hounds, and to frustrate the endeavours of the Hunts∣men. She naturally feareth the Eagle, Hawk, Fox and Wolf, her natural Enemies. It is strange which some have written of Hares, that their Nature is, for the self same to be sometimes Male, and sometimes Female. Such an one al∣so (as Poets write) was Tiresias of Thebes, who being a man, became a woman, and so continued seven years, and then returned a∣gain to his former shape. Afterward a great Controversie rising betwixt Iupiter and Iu∣no, whether the man or the woman were more insatiate of Venery, or took most de∣light therein, he was chosen Arbitrer in the matter, and gave the Garland to Iuno and the Female Sex, as being invincible in the incounters of Venus.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, three Hedghogs, Or, by the Name of Abra∣hall. The Hedghog signifieth a man expert in gathering of Sub∣stance, and one that pro∣vidently laieth hold up∣on proferred opportuni∣ty, and so making Hay (as we say Proverbially) whilst the Sun shines, preventeth future want.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Cheveron between 3 Hedghogs or Urchins, Argent, by the Name of Mainstone; and is the Coat-Armour of Mr. William Mainstone, aliàs Mayneston, of London, Merchant, lineally de∣scended from Thomas Mainstone of Vrchin∣field in Herefordshire, tempore Edw. 3. Anno Dom. 1372.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, three Moles, Sable, their Snout and Feet, by the Name of Nan∣gothan, or Mangotham, a Family, as I take it, of Scotland. I could not well here term these Moles proper, because there be many white Moles; which colour, whether in them it is occasioned by age or not, I will not here di∣spute. The Mole in Latin is called Talpa, from the Greek word 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Caecus, Caecitas.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cheveron between 3 Moles, Sable, by the Name of Twisleton; and with the Arms of Vlster, is the Coat-Ar∣mour of Sir Iohn Twisle∣ton of Dartford in Kent, Baronet; as also of Ri∣chard Twisleton of Drax in the West-Riding of Yorkshire, Esq

And hitherto we have handled such Terre∣strial Animals only, as are called Vivipara, be∣cause they do bring forth living Creatures; whereas the other Terrestrials do bring forth eggs, and are therefore named Ovipara, of which sort we will speak in the next place.

CHAP. XVII.

THIS other sort of four-footed Egg-bearing Animals (as I may so term them) notwithstanding that in many things they have no small resemblance with man, as well touching the faculties of the ve∣getable soul, as also the parts of the body; yet are they far more unlike us, than those that bring forth a living Creature. And albeit that these Egg-breeding four-footed Animals do consist of the same bodily parts that the Vivi∣para, or Animal-producing do, and of the four humours that are answerable in quality to the four Elements, and have all parts, as well in∣ternal as external senses, and many other things wherein they do communicate with the Vivi∣para; yet are there many other things where∣in they differ not only from these, but also even amongst themselves one from another of them. For neither do we find in these that quickness of wit that we observe in others, neither like parts of strength of body that the other have.

Like as man (especially in his soul) ap∣proacheth near unto God in likeness: so in like manner do other Animals resemble man, where∣in they do participate with man in likeness af∣ter some sort, but in divers degrees; forasmuch as some of them have more, and some less like∣ness with us than others have.

There is not (saith Beda) amongst the Vni∣versal Works of Nature, any one thing so lit∣tle, or of so base esteem, wherein a man can∣not find some Divine thing worthy of admira∣tion. No less (saith Farnesius) may we ad∣mire the force of a silly Flea, than the hugeness and strength of an Elephant.

Not without reason doth the Husbandman prognosticate the approach of some great shower of Rain by the croaking of Frogs more frequent than usually; whereupon he saith, that they do cry for rain. For this Observati∣on is grounded upon a Physical Reason, Omne enim simile gaudet suo simili, & suae naturae utili ac convenienti; every like is delighted with his like, and with that which is commo∣dious and agreeable to his Nature. Since then that Frogs are exceedingly delighted with wa∣ter, as with that which best agreeth with their Nature; therefore when they do apprehend a foresense of Rain they do rejoice, and do testifie their joy by singing after their manner.

Animals of base esteem, and of no industry, have (for the most part) not only four, but manifold feet: whereby we are admonished, that perverse and evil disposed persons have multiplicities of affections, in respect that by the motion of the feet our bodies are perduced from place to place; so do our affections trans∣ferr us from one delight to another, according to that saying, Pes meus, affectus meus; eo fe∣ror, quocunque feror.

Though some perhaps may esteem these Egg-bearing Animals unworthy the dignity of Coat-Armour; yet for my own part, I hold their bearing to be no less honourable, than ma∣ny of those that in common estimation are re∣puted far more worthy; insomuch that they may well beseem the bearing of the greatest Potentate. For if it pleased the Sovereign King of Kings to use them as his special Instru∣ments to chastise the stubborness of such as re∣belled against his Ordinance, and to arm those his minute and weak Creatures, with such an incredible boldness, as that they feared not the face or forces of men, but that the very Frogs entred the houses and chambers of the Egyp∣tians, upon the people, into their ovens, and into their kneading-throughs; yea, even into King Pharaoh's Chamber, and upon his Bed. Moreover, if God hath vouchsafed to give to the Grashopper, the Canker-worm, the Catter∣piller, and the Palmer-worm, the honourable Title of his huge great Army: Why should we prize them at so low a rate, as that we should disdain to bear them in Coat-Armour? Since God saith by the Prophet Ioel, I will render you the years which the Grashopper hath eaten, the Canker-worm, and the Catterpiller, and the Palmer-worm, my great Host which I sent among you.

It is therefore to be observed, that they also have their actions not to be omitted in Blazon, albeit not in that variable manner, nor yet so copious as some others. And because they are far different from those formerly handled, not only in shape, but also in the manner of their living, in their gate and actions; therefore must they receive a divers manner of Blazon. They are called in Latin Reptilia, or creeping things; Quia reptant super terram. And here we must distinguish between those things quae reptant, which creep, as Frogs, Ants, &c. and those quae serpunt, which glide, as Snakes; which latter kind we shall speak of afterward.

But here we mention those Reptiles which are gressible, such as by means of their feet are able to go step by step from one place to ano∣ther; so termed à gradiendo, which is pro∣ceeding by degrees: And hitherto also are re∣ferred such as by skipping, mounting, or leap∣ing, raise their bodies above ground, and so alter their station, place, or seat. Of which kinds some have four feet, some have more. Such as have four feet only, are these that fol∣low with their like.

I have omitted in this Edition that Escoche∣on Sol, charged with three Toads erected, Sa∣turn, which according to some Authors, was the Coat-Armour of the ancient Kings of France; because since my last Edition I find great variety of opinions concerning this mat∣ter, of which I have given a touch in the first Chapter of the first Section. And in lieu thereof

I do present you with the ancient Coat-Armour of the same Charge, born by a Family in this Kingdom.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, three Toads erected, Sa∣ble, by the Name of Botereux of Cornwall, which Family long since there flourished, as you may read in Learned Camden. Toads and Frogs do communicate this natural property, that when they sit, they hold their heads stea∣dy and without motion: which stately action Spencer, in his Shepherds Calender, calleth the Lording of Frogs. The bearing of Toads (af∣ter the opinion of some Armorists) do signifie a hasty cholerick man, that is easily stirred up to anger, whereunto he is naturally prone of himself; having an imbred poison from his birth.

[illustration]

He beareth Vert, a Tortois passant, Argent, by the Name of Gawdy; and is born by Sir Charles Gawdy of Crows-hall in Deben∣ham in Suffolk, Knight and Baronet; as also (with due differences) by Charles Gawdy of Stapleton, and Anthony Gawdy of Ipswich, both of the said County, Esquires. The shels of the Arcadian Tortoises are very great, therefore out of them they do make Harps, whereof Mercury is said to be the Inventor; who find∣ing a Tortois left upon the Rocks after the fal∣ling of the River Nilus, the flesh being con∣sumed, and the sinues that remained dried up, he strake them with his hand, and they made a kind of Musical sound, whereupon he framed it into a Harp, which caused others to imitate his practice, and to continue the same unto this day.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Tortois erected, Or, by the Name of Cooper. This Escocheon I have caused to be inserted in this Edition, to manifest the various bearing of this gressible Reptile in Armory.

Bara in his Book intituled, Les Blazones dez Armories, giveth an Example of two Li∣zards, erected one against another (as if they were combatant) and termeth them rampant, a term very unfitly applied to Reptiles, to whom the terms of mounting, leaping, or skip∣ping are much more proper. To this head must be reduced Crocodiles, Salamanders, Chameli∣ons, Ewets, Lizards, and whatsoever other Egg-bearing Reptile, having only four feet, as to their natural and proper place. There rest∣eth yet one other sort of this kind of Reptiles, which are diversly shaped from all the former, and are called in Latin Insecta animalia; be∣cause that being divided in their body between their head and belly, their parts do seem so di∣vided, as if they hang'd only together by small strings; having no flesh, blood, sinues, &c. And there are also Insecta which slie; but here we speak only of Terrestrials, leaving the other to their due place. And because such bearing is rare, I am inforced (rather than to pass them over with silence) to use Coats of Device, for expressing their sundry forms, as in Exam∣ple.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a Cobweb, in the Center thereof a Spider, pro∣per. The Spider is born free of the Weavers Company; she studieth not the Weavers Art, neither hath she the stuff whereof she makes her thread from any where else, than out of her own womb from whence she draweth it; whereof, through the agility and nimbleness of her feet, she weaveth Gins, and dilateth, contracteth, and knitteth them in form of a Net. And with the threads that she draweth out of her body, she repair∣eth all rents and wracks of the same. Not un∣aptly is mans life resembled to a Spiders Web, which is wrought with much care and dili∣gence, and is suddenly marred with the least occurrent that may befall it. For that it is pro∣tracted with much care and diligence, and sud∣denly ended by swallowing of a crum, or hair, or some other lesser accident (if less may be.) In like manner Sophistical Arguments are like∣ned to Spiders webs, for that they are framed with much artificial cunning, and yet are fit for no use but to intangle flies and weak capacities. And to like purpose doth the Poet compare the execution of Laws to Cobwebs, saying,

Laws like Spiders webs are wrought, Great flies escape and small are caught.

Vpton saith, That he hath seen Spiders born in Coat-Armour by a certain Lumbard. By the Spider we may understand a painful and indu∣strious person, occupied in some honest and necessary business; a man careful of his private estate, and of good foresight in repairing of small decays, and preventing of wracks. The Spider herself is poisonful and deadly, yet is her web reckoned an Antidote against poison,

notwithstanding the same is extracted out of her womb. In like sort (saith Aelianus) out of the poisonful contagion and infectious ve∣nome of sin and transgression, the Sovereign powers do take occasion to extract and establish wholsome and profitable Laws against such no∣torious crimes. Of the Spider Solomon wri∣teth in this manner, The Spider taketh hold with her hands, and is in Kings Palaces.

A very remarkable Note doth Farnesius pro∣pose unto us, taken from this poor despised Creature the Spider, touching the Procreation of Children: It is a matter of great conse∣quence of what Parents a man is descended. If we desire (saith he) to have a good race of Horses, a litter of special good Hounds for game, choice Plants and Stocks to plant our Orchards and Gardens with delectable fruits, do we not use our uttermost endeavour to effect them? How much greater should our care and providence be in the procreation of our Chil∣dren? The first instruction that the Children receive, is in the veins and bowels of their Parents, whereof we may take an Example from Spiders, which are no sooner hatched and excluded out of their Eggs, but forthwith they practise to make webs, as if they had brought with them (even out of their Mo∣thers womb) together with their life, the ar∣tificial skill of webbing. Holy and reverent is that piety that we owe to our Parents; Pa∣rens enim est genitor, parens patria, parens denique est ipse Deus. For he that begot us is our parent, our Countrey is our parent, and lastly God himself is our parent.

It hath been often questioned, Why the Fa∣ther loveth the Son more dearly, tenderly, and affectionately, than the Son doth the Father. The Reason is this, Quia patris amor in filium à natura est, filij in parentem ab officio. The affectionate love of the Father proceedeth of Nature, that of the Son of duty. Therefore the sacred Law hath decreed, Amabis patrem & matrem tuam, Thou shalt love thy Father and Mother, but not contrariwise: For where the Law of Nature speaketh, there is no need it should be assisted by Commandment. Not∣withstanding (even naturally) the love of the Son to the Father is great.

We may learn (saith Zanchius) by these minute Animals, how many and how great in∣structions we may receive from the universal number of Creatures, that God hath given us for Instructors and teachers of Moral Disci∣pline, so that we will open our eyes to behold them, and listen to God's disciplining us in them.

Admirable doubtless is the Omnipotency of God in these Creatures; for as St. Hierome saith, Epist. ad Heliod. Creatorem non in Caelo tantum miramur, &c. We do not admire God's power in heaven only, and in the earth the Sun, Elephants, Camels, Oxen, Boars, Li∣ons, &c. but also in his smallest Creatures, the Ant, Flea, Fly, and small Worm, and others of like kind, whose bodies or shapes are bet∣ter known unto us than their names.

So much were the Israelites assotted in Ido∣latry, as that they esteemed beasts for gods, as appeareth Wisd. 12. 24. For they went astray far in the ways of errour, and esteemed the beasts, which their enemies despised, for gods; being abused after the manner of children that have no understanding.

So long is any Animal or living Creature said to have life, as he hath breath and the ex∣ercise thereof. And this Rule holdeth not on∣ly in fourfooted Animals, but also in those that we call Insecta, and in gliding Animals also, as both Galen and Pliny do teach; though A∣ristotle denieth these latter to have breath, but therein he speaketh comparatively, viz. in re∣spect of other Animals, that do attract and de∣liver their breath more strongly and more sen∣sibly, they seem to have no breath at all.

One Example more I will propose, which shall be of the Emmet, as in this next Es∣cocheon.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, eleven Emmets, three, two, three, two, one, Sable. Of this silly Crea∣ture also doth Solomon make mention, saying, The Pismires a people not strong, yet prepare they their meat in Sum∣mer. To this simple and feeble Creature is the slothful man sent to learn wisdome; where it is said, Go to the Pismire, O sluggard, behold her ways and be wise. For she having no guide, governour, nor ruler, prepareth her meat in the summer, and gathereth her food in the harvest, &c. Very often do the Sacred Scriptures propose unto us Examples of brute Creatures, as well to up∣braid us with our vices, as to stir us up unto vertue. For as there are in man sparks of the understanding and practice of heavenly spirits, even so the brute Animals have certain shadows or footsteps of the vertuous qualities that are or ought to be in men. Moreover Iob 12. 7. Ask now the beasts and the fowls of the hea∣vens, aud they shall tell thee; or speak to the earth, and it will shew thee; or the fish of the Sea, and they shall declare unto thee. And by the least of God's Creatures may we learn many exemplary inducements to vertue, as al∣so many forcible disswasions from vice, by rea∣son of the apparent signs of the wisdome, pow∣er, and mercy of God that are found in them. By the Emmet or Pismi••e may be signified a man of great labour, wisdome, and providence in all his affairs, and of a pregnant and ready memory.

The Examples hitherto produced are taken o••ly from Reptiles gressible, and though of

that kind which hath more than four feet, I have alledged only the two last Examples of In∣secta, yet there are some other of many feet, which are not Insecta; as the Palmer-worm, Cheeslip, Kitchinbobs, which being touched, gather themselves round like a Ball, and such like, which must be referred to the same head. And besides all these, there are yet othersome which be both gressible and volant; such are those, that having their livelyhood only upon the earth, by the help of a kind of wings they oftentimes change their place for the acquiring of their sustenance, as in Example.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Grashopper in Fess pas∣sant, Or. Grashoppers (saith Pliny) do fly with wings made like Pellicles or fine skins. The Males of the Gras∣hoppers do sing in the Summer season, but the Females are silent. Whereupon the Emmet, who did work (whiles the other did sing) taketh occasion (as it is in the Fable) to taunt their slothfulness and pover∣ty, saying, Aestate quae cantaveris, in Hyeme salta. You that sung all Summer, may go shake your heels in the Winter. Among the Athenians the Grashoppers were holden for a special note of Nobility; and therefore they used to wear golden Grashoppers in their hair (as Pierius noteth) to signifie thereby that they were descended of noble race and home∣bred. For such is the natural property of the Grashopper, that in what Soil he is bred, in the same he will live and die; for they change not their place, nor hunt after new habitations. Hereupon Antisthenes took occasion to scoff at the Athenians, saying, That in this property they did communicate with Tortoises and Co∣cles, born and living in the same shels. Solo∣mon reckoneth the Grashopper for one of the four small things in the earth that are full of Wisdome, saying, The Grashopper hath no King, yet go they forth all by bands.

There are other of this kind, whose wings are less manifest than the Grashoppers, because they are closed in a kind of case that can hard∣ly be discerned, but when they are preparing to fly; for which respect they are called Vagi∣pennae (saith Calepine) Quia alas vaginis quibusdam inclusas habent, for carrying their wings sheathed; as the Hart••ly, Beetle, Lady-cow, &c. which, together with Locusts, and such other as are both gressible and volant, and many-legged, are to be reduced to this head, as to their proper and natural place. I will close up all these with one Example of the Scor∣pion, which Aelianus and others report to be winged in Aegypt and India, though he doubts whether they are not rather bred by the heat of the Sun, than by copulation; and if by this latter, whether they come of Eggs, or come forth living.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cheveron, Gules, be∣tween three Scorpions reversed, Sable, by the Name of Cole. Pierius in his Hieroglyphicks, saith, That if a man stricken with a Scorpion sit upon an Ass with his face towards the tail of the Ass, his pain shall pass out of him into the Ass, which shall be tormented for him. In my opinion, he that will believe this, is the Creature that must be ridden in this case; but that the oyl of Scorpions is a Chief cure against their own stinging, is an ancient observation. And it is a Rule of Equity, That where the wrong is offered, there the amends should be made. And as these in this Escocheon are born with an Ordinary betwixt them, so sometimes are they born upon Ordinaries (according to a general Rule premised) as may be seen in a Window of S. Giles's in the Fields in Middlesex, where is born in an Escocheon, Gules, three Pallets, Verrey, on a Chief, Or, a Scorpion erected Sable. And thus much of Gressibles of all sorts.

CHAP. XVIII.

NOW touching such Creatures as we termed Gliding: Those may proper∣ly be said to be such, which having no feet at all, do yet move, and as it were slide from place to place; some more slowly, but othersome with a certain volubility and flexible agitation of the body do make their speedy way upon the earth, with many pliant bowings; and of these also, some have for co∣verture their skin only, some both skin and shell also. Of the former sort are those now following, with their like.

[illustration]

The Field is Gules, an Adder nowed, Or, by the Name of Na∣thiley. There is a natural antipathy between Man and Serpents of all kinds; in which literal sense, that was verified which God promised, That there should be Enmity betwixt the Womans seed and the Serpents; though a spiritual Enmity betwixt Christ and the Devil (that old Serpent) was principally foretold. The Serpent is very prudent and sub∣tile, either to hurt other, or to save himself:

But his special care is to defend his head, know∣ing that part to be the principal, and withal the weakest. This here enfolded may seem to be one of the Locks of that monstrous Dame Medusa, every hair of whose head was said to be a Snake. And indeed Albertus saith, That the hair of a woman, taken at some seasons and laid in dung, will become very venomous Serpents. Which some have supposed to befal that Sex for the ancient familiarity it had at first with that accursed Serpent.

To the four-footed Egg-bearing Animals do the Serpents come very nigh, as also other Reptiles, For all Serpents have blood, flesh, sinews, and other like parts as four-footed Ani∣mals have, although not in that perfection that they have them. They are indowed also with head, nostrils, eyes, tongue, teeth, and with lights and spleen, and other inward parts and bowels of the body, but much discrepant from the members and bowels of all others

Notwithstanding that Serpents are far une∣qual to four-footed Animals, both in shape and strength; yet will they not give place to many of them for sharpness of wit. It is a Creature full of subtilty, as Moses testifieth, Gen. 3. And the Serpent was more subtile than any Beast of the field: For besides his exterior senses, he is crafty and subtile in preserving his life, in ma∣king choice of his lurking dens, in acquiring his food, in hatching up his brood, in expelling from him, and putting off his old slough. So that for good cause did our Saviour exhort us (in goodness) to imitate the wisdome of the Serpent.

These few Examples may serve instead of many, which might be brought of Serpents of sundry other names and natures, which all are hither to be referred. Now let us see one Ex∣ample of such gliding or sliding Animals as are more slow-paced, and have both skin and shell to cover them; of which number is the Snail, reckoned of all other that are born in Coat-Armour, the slowest. And no marvel, since it carrieth on her back no less a burden than her whole house; for which cause she is called Tar∣digrada Domiporta, the slow-going House-bearer.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Fess between 3 House-snails, Argent, by the Name of Shelley. These are called House-snails, either because they so carry their Houses up∣on their back, whereby they be aptly distin∣guished from the Gar∣den-snail, that hath no house or shell; or be∣cause usually they breed about old houses. The bearing of the Snail doth signifie, that much deliberation must be used in matters of great difficulty and importance: For albeit the Snail goeth most slowly, yet in time, by her con∣stancy in her course, she ascendeth the top of the highest Tower, as the worthy and learned Gentleman Mr. Carew of Antony, hath wittily moralized in his Poem intituled, The Herrings Tail. It is also fabled, that when the Snail and the Hare were to go a journey for a wager, the Hare confident of his Footmanship, resol∣ved to take a nap by the way; the Snail know∣ing he had nothing to trust to but his indefati∣gable perseverance, came to his ways end be∣fore the Hare could awake. But a worse thing in the Snails going is this, that wheresoever he goeth, he leaveth such marks and lines, that a man may as easily track him, as a young Thief that is not yet perfect in his trade. And thus by little and little have we also with the Snail ended one part of our journey concern∣ing Animals Terrestrial, or which live upon the earth: And because we have yet much way to travel, we will now take wings, and will mount up with such Creatures as live a∣bove the earth.

CHAP. XIX.

A Second general Member of our Division of living Creatures, concerning such as live above the Earth in the Air, as are the Fowls and Birds of all sorts: and as we di∣stinguished the former by their feet, so the same Method we will follow in these. Their feet therefore are in some whole or conjoyned; in others divided. The whole-footed do in a sort resemble the palm of a mans hand, and are therefore in Latin called Palmipedes; such as the Swan, Goose, Duck, and for the most part all River Fowls, as partly shall appear hereaf∣ter by Examples. But here I hold it necessary, entring into this Discourse, to set down some general Rules or Notes concerning the bearing of Birds or Fowls, that the Reader may know whither to resort for a resolution of such doubts as may arise touching their bearing. Fowls or Birds are of more worthy bearing in Coat-Armour than Fishes, because they do more participate of air and fire (the two noblest and highest Elements) than of water or earth. All fowls, of whatsoever kind, must be born in Coat-Armour, as is best fitting the proprie∣ty of their natural actions, of going, sitting, standing, flying, &c. Otherwise such Armory shall be said to be false, because Ars imitatur naturam in quantum potest; Art as much as possible it can, doth imitate Nature. All Birds are mustered under the name of Fowls, as un∣der their Genus or General, and so may seem (after a sort) to be one. Nevertheless, in their Species, or several kinds, they differ much touching their particular qualities; for some of them are simple, some others subtile, some

solitary, some sociable, some melodious, some articulate, some docible, some doltish and in∣docible, some of long continuance, and some only of a few months lasting. Leigh saith, That Birds in an Escocheon shall be numbred unto Ten, and if they exceed that number, then they shall be said to be sans number, and shall be so blazoned. But Chassaneus saith, that they shall be numbred unto sixteen; and of such bearing and blazoning he giveth instances of Monsieur Montmorancie, and of the Lord Lovale.

Concerning the beaks or bills and feet of Birds, most Armorists finding them to be of a different colour from the rest of the body, do term them all generally membred. But under reformation of the skill, I hold, that as there is a difference in the Nobility of Birds, so ought they to have distinct terms of blazon: So that all those that either are whole-footed, or have their feet divided, and yet have no Tallons, should be termed membred. But the Cock, and also all Birds of prey, should be termed in bla∣zon armed; forasmuch as Nature hath assign∣ed the Cock (being a Bird much addicted to battel) spurs; and to the Birds of prey, sharp and hooked beaks and tallons, not only for en∣counter and defence, but also to seize upon, gripe, and rend their prey, and are to them as teeth and claws unto Lions, Tigres, and other fierce Beasts. Similium enim similis est ratio; where the things are like, the reason is like. It is generally observed, that amongst Fowls of prey, the Female is the noblest and most hardy: which Nature did so provide, because (besides her own sustenance) the care of feed∣ing her young doth especially lie on the Female; and therefore if she should be timorous or cow∣ardly, she would not be able to provide food for herself and them. Such Fowls (saith Vpton) as either in respect of their uniformity do never change colour naturally, or by nature are di∣versly coloured, shall be only named in blazon, and no mention at all made of their colours, but shall be termed proper; unless they either in part, or in whole, be born of some other colour than is natural to them. In the blazoning of Fowls much exercised in flight, if their wings be not displaied, they shall be said to be born close; as he beareth an Eagle, Falcon, Swallow, &c. close. As in other forementioned Creatures, so in Fowls also, besides the whole bearing, the parts or members are also usually born in Coat-Armour, as the heads, wings, feathers, and Legs: and both couping and erasing are as in∣cident unto the parts of Fowls, as of those Terrestrials, as by Examples following shall ap∣pear; wherein I will first begin with River Fowls (which for the most part are whole-footed) using neither curiousness in their form of placing, or copiousness in their number; but only that by the assistance of some few chief Examples, that which hath been delivered by Precepts and Rules, may be the more easily un∣derstood.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Swan, Argent, by the Name of Leigham. All River Fowls have their tails shorter than other Birds; wherein Nature hath providently or∣dained, that the length of their tail should not be any impediment to them in their swiming, diving, or runing. The Swan is a Bird of great beauty and strength al∣so: and this is reported in honour of him, that he useth not his strength to prey or tyrannize over any other Fowl, but only to be revenged on such as first offer him wrong; In which case (saith Aristole) he often subdueth the Eagle. This Bird is dedicated to Venus, whose white colour denoteth sincerity; yet Leda was by Iupiter deceived, when in that shape he fled into her Lap, when he was pursued by the Ea∣gle.

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He beareth Sable, a Swan with her wings expansed, Argent, mem∣bred, Or, within a bor∣dure engrailed of the same, by the Name of Moore. The Swan ne∣ver encounters with any other of his own kind, but in these two cases: First, if any other be a Rival in his love, or of∣fer to court his mate; in which quarrel he will be revenged to the death: also, if another in∣croach upon his possession and place of haunt, he is never at quiet till he hath expulsed him. And these two points are causes of most quar∣rels amongst the noblest Spirits.

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Azure, a Bend en∣grailed between two Signets Royal, Argent, gorged with Ducal Crowns with strings re∣flexed over their backs, Or. This is the Pa∣ternal Coat-Armour of Sir Charles Pitfield of Hoxton in the Parish of St. Leonards Shoreditch in Middlesex, Kt. de∣scended of the ancient Family of the Pitfields of Symonsbury in the County of Dorset.

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He beareth Azure, a Bend, Or, between two Swans, Argent, by the Name of Ienison; and is the Coat-Armour of Thomas Ienison of Els∣wick in Northumber∣land, Esq Maior of Newcastle upon Tyne for the year 1675.

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Argent, on a Bend, Gules, between three Ogresses, as many Swans proper, by the Name of Clark, and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Francis Clark of the City of London, Kt. of George Clark of Watford in Northamptonshire, Esq of Robert Clark of Long Buckley, and of Samuel Clark of Norton, both of the said County, Esquires.

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He beareth Azure, two Swans, Argent, be∣tween as many Flan∣ches, Ermyn, by the Name of Melish of Lon∣don, descended from the Family of the Melishes of Sandersted in Surrey.

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He beareth Azure, three Swans necks era∣sed, proper, by the Name of Lacy. It seemeth these Swans died a vio∣lent death, by the rent∣ing off their Necks: but for their natural death, divers write, that it is so acceptable unto them, that foreseeing the same, they sing for joy, which they never do in their young days. In which respect, as also for his whiteness (the colour of sincerity) he was by the Ancients called Apollo's Bird; because those that are learned, know best how to contemn this life, and to die with resolution and comfort; and al∣so for that good Arts should have sincerity and purity joyned with it, but not such as is in shew only, and outward; for therein indeed the Swans purity is too Puritanical, in that in his feathers & outward appearance he is all white, but inwardly his body and flesh is very black.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, 3 Swans necks couped; proper, by the Name of Squire. Here you shall not need to menti∣on either the metal of these necks, being Ar∣gent, or yet their mem∣bring, being Gules, be∣cause they be both na∣tural to the Swan. But if either of them dif∣fered from their natural colour, then should you make special mention thereof. Moreover in these and other Fowls, that are not much ex∣ercised in flight, you shall not need to speak of their closeness: only if their wings be open, then shall you take notice thereof.

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He beareth Gules, a Cheveron, Argent, be∣tween three wild Duks volant, proper, by the Name of Wolrich. The wild Duck hath many shrewd enemies, as Men, Dogs, and Hawks; and therefore Nature hath assisted her with many shifts; when any man lays wait for them, they fly to the water; when the Eagle pursueth them there, they dive under water; when the Spaniel molests them there also, they mount into the Air: by which varieties they often beguile the hopes of their pursuers.

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He beareth Argent, a Stork, Sable, membred, Gules. This Coat per∣taineth to the Family of Starkey in Cheshire, where now resideth Io. Starkey of Wrenbury, Esq Thomas Starkey of Stretton, Esq Ralph Starkey of Morfanny, Esq and Iohn Starkey of Darley, Esq In this Fowl we may observe the true and lively image of a Son; for whatsoever duty a Son oweth to his Parents, they all are found and observed in the Stork. The duties of a Son to the father are four: The first is of love, the se∣cond of honour, the third of obedience, the last is of aid and succour. Forasmuch as he receiveth life by his Father (than which no∣thing is more desirable) he is compelled by the Laws of Nature to love his Father. And where∣as it is the part and duty of a Father to bring up and instruct his Son in vertue, and that ver∣tue hath no other reward than honour; unless the Son do give honour to the Father, he doth violate or rather lose the name of a Son. Be∣cause also he receiveth nourishment from his Father, wherein consisteth the sustentation of

life; there is nothing comprised under this name of sustentation, that the Son seemeth not to owe to his Father: finally, forasmuch as the Father is God's Vicegerent, the Son, next unto God, is bound to obey his Parents. These are the things that Nature, or rather God in Nature teacheth us by the Stork; Natura e∣nim nihil agit, nisi aeternis consiliis, Nature doth nothing but by God's special direction.

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He beareth Azure, three Storks rising, pro∣per, by the Name of Gibson. The Stork is a Bird most careful of her young; and there∣fore Nature requireth that her care, for their young do take the like care for them in their old age. Whence it is, that the Stork is the Emblem of a grateful man. In which respect Aelian writeth of a Stork, which bred on the house of one who had a ve∣ry beautiful wife, which in her husbands ab∣sence used to commit adultery with one of her base servants; which the Stork observing, in gratitude to him who freely gave him house∣room, flying in the Villains face, struck out both his eyes.

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He beareth Gules, 3 Herons, Argent, by the Name of Heron. This with the Arms of Vl∣ster, is the Coat-Ar∣mour of Sir Cutbert He∣ron of Chipchase in Nor∣thumberland, Baronet.

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He beareth Gules, a Cheveron, Ermyn, be∣tween three Herons, Argent. This is the Coat-Armour of Iohn Heron of Godmanchester in Huntingtonshire, Esq Consellor at Law, who deriveth his descent from Sir Iohn Heron, or Hairun, Kt. who came into England with William the Conqueror, and married the daughter and heir of Sir William Chepechase, or Chipches, of Chipchase Castle in Northumberland, Kt. of the Saxon race; and by her had issue Sir Roger Heron of Chipchase Castle aforesaid, Kt. lineal Ancestor of the said Iohn.

Sable, a Cheveron, Ermyn, between three Herons, Argent, is born by Sir Nathaniel Herne of the City of London, Knight and Al∣derman.

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He beareth Sable, a Fess between three Sheldrakes, Argent, by the Name of Sheldon; and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Ioseph Sheldon of the City of London, Kt. Lord Maior thereof An∣no 1676.

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The Field is Azure, a Cheveron between 3 Sterns close, Argent, membred, Gules. This is the Paternal Coat-Ar∣mour of the ancient Fa∣mily of Duke of Bram∣pton in the County of Suffolk, of which Sir Iohn Duke Baronet, now resident at Benhall-lodge in the said Coun∣ty, is the lineal descended Heir. And is also born by Tollemach Duke of Lincolns-Inn in Middlesex, Esq Exiginter of his Majesties Court of Common Pleas for London, &c. Son and Heir of Dr. Edward Duke of Honington in Suffolk (by Elizabeth his wife, only daughter of Robert, second son of Sir Lionel Tollemach of Bentley and Helmingham in the said Coun∣ty, Baronet) and lineally descended of the whole blood from the ancient Family of the Dukes of Brampton and Shadingfield in the said County. The colour Azure representeth the Saphire stone, whose virtue, as Philosophers write, operateth much in according disagree∣ments. This colour in Armory by it self sig∣nifieth the Bearer thereof to be of a good dis∣position, and to merit perpetual renown. And being compound with Argent, it denoteth the Bearers vigilancy in his Sovereigns service.

Under these sorts will I briefly comprehend all River-Fowls whatsoever, viz. all such as are whole-footed under the former; and all Cranes, Herns, Cormorants, &c. under this latter; for that albeit they be of the kind of River-Fowls, yet have they their feet divided.

CHAP. XX.

AFTER those River-Fowls whole-footed and divided, by order it now falleth to hand that I should proceed to such Fowls as do frequent, partly the Air, and part∣ly the Land; of which some are Fowls of prey, othersome are Predable, or fit to be made a Prey.

Such as are Fowls of prey have their Beaks and Tallons evermore hooked and sharp: hook∣ed for sure seizing and detaining; and sharp for

speedy rending and dividing thereof. Such are Eagles of all sorts, Vultures, Falcons, Gerfal∣cons, Sakers, Lanerts, Tercels, Sparhawks, Marlins, &c, as also Kites, Buzzards, Owls, &c. Of Fowls (saith Pliny) those that have hook∣ed claws and tallons, are not fruitful breeders, for the most part; wherein Nature hath well provided for all kinds of Fowls, that the mightier should not be so copious as the weak∣er, and such as do fly from the tyrauny of o∣thers. Some of these Fowls of prey are (in their kind) ennoblished by nature in as high a degree of Nobility, as the chiefest of the Ter∣restrial Animals before handled. Such are those that do much frequent the Air, as Eagles and Hawks of all sorts, which are much exercised in flying; and albeit they do build their nests, and have their feeding upon the earth, yet is their agitation above in the air. Therefore in regard of the worthiness of the Element where∣in they are chiefly occupied, I will begin with Birds of prey, and after our former order, first with their whole bearing, and so descend to the parts (promiscuously) of sundry Birds, according to the dignity of their place, or more noble use, as in Example.

[illustration]

The Field is Azure, an Eagle displayed, Ar∣gent, armed, Gules, on a Canton of the second, a sinister hand couped at the wrist, as the third. These Arms appertain∣ed to the right worthy Sir Robert Cotton of Con∣nington in Huntington∣shire Knight and Baronet, now deceased; a learned Antiquary, and a singula•• favourer and preserver of all good learning and antique Mo∣numents.

Cajus Iulius Caesar, Son of Lucius Caesar a Roman, in the year before Christ 52, having conquered France, overcame also Cassibulan King of Britain, and made the Island become Tributary to him and his Successors 483 years, at which time Constantine of Amorica obtained the Kingdom; he bore Sol, an Eagle display∣ed, Saturn, armed, Mars.

Topaz, an Eagle displayed, Diamond; was the Coat of Edwyn a Saxon, who at the time of the Conquest was Earl of Coventry; and he with Earl Swardus, and Marker his Bro∣ther, kept the Isle of Ely against the Conque∣ror; for which cause he was banished the King∣dom, and afterwards was slain in Scotland with∣out Issue.

Argent, an Eagle displayed, Sable, is the Coat-Armour of Sir Theophilus Bidulph of East-Greenwich in Kent.

Gules, an Eagle displayed, Or, is the Coat-Armour of the Goddards of Norfolk.

The Eagle having her wings thus displayed, doth manifest her industrious exercise, in that she is not idle, but continually practiseth that course of life whereunto nature hath ordained her: and doth signifie a man of action, ever∣more occupied in high and weighty affairs, and one of a lofty spirit, ingenious, speedy in ap∣prehension, and judicious in matters of ambi∣guity. For amongst other noble qualities in the Eagle, her sharpness and strength of sight is much commended; and it is a greater ho∣nour to one of noble Off-spring to be wise and of sharp and deep understanding, than to be rich or powerful, or great by birth. The Ea∣gle is the most honourable bearing of Birds; and for its swiftness of slight, was called the Messenger of the Gods.

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He beareth Ermyn, an Eagle displayed, Gules, armed, Or, by the Name of Bedding∣field. This is an ancient Family, and of good note in the Counties of Suffolk and Norfolk; and now pertaineth to Sir Henry Beddingfield of Oxborough, and dwelling at Beck-hall in Norfolk, Baronet; to Philip Beddingfield of Ditchingham, and Christopher Beddingfield of Witeton, both of the said County, Esquires. And in the County of Suffolk, to Sir Thomas Beddingfield of Darsham-hall, Kt. Iohn Bed∣dingfield of Halesworth, Esq Henry Bed∣dingfield also of Halesworth, Esq and Francis Beddingfield of Fleming-hall in Redlingfield, Gent.

The Eagle is said to be Altivolans avis, an high-soaring Bird, that sometime flieth so high a pitch, as that she transcendeth the view of man. She hath a tender care of her young: when they be fligg or flush (as we say) and ready for flight, then she stirreth up her nest and fluttereth over them; yea, she taketh them on her wings, and so soareth with them through the Air, and carrieth them aloft, and so freeth them from all danger. In that she carrieth her young ones rather upon her wings than in her tallons, she sheweth her tender care and love that she beareth unto them. She is abundant∣ly full of feathers, by means whereof she gli∣deth through the Air very lightly, and maketh way through the same with great expedition and swiftness. Our persecutors (saith Ieremiah) are swifter than the Eagles of heaven. And again, 2 Sam. 1. 23. Saul and Ionathan were swifter than Eagles. The Crown of her head is enlarged with baldness as her years are en∣creased. As we may see Michah 1. 16. Make thee bald and shave thee for thy delicate chil∣dren: Enlarge thy baldness as the Eagle, for

they are gone into captivity from thee. Wherein the Prophet alludeth to the customes of the Gentiles, who in the time of their mourning used to shave their heads, and cut their flesh, and to scorch the same with stigmatical marks, which customs God did expresly forbid the Is∣raelites to use, as appeareth Deuteronomy 14. 1.

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He beareth Gules, an Eagle displayed, Or, crowned, Argent, by the Name of Greaves; and with the Arms of Vl∣ster, is the Coat-Armour of Sir Edward Greaves of St. Leonards Forest in Sussex, and of Hariet∣sham in Kent, Baronet. This Coat without the Arms of Vlster, and with its due difference, is born by his brother Thomas Greaves, Dr. in Divinity.

[illustration]

The Field is Jupiter, an Eagle displayed chec∣key, Sol and Mars. This Coat-Armour (accord∣ing to Bara) pertaineth to the Kingdom of Mo∣ravia. Albeit that this kind of bearing may seem strange to us in England, yet it is very common in Germany (saith Sir Iohn Ferne in his Glory of Generosity) to bear Beasts or any quick thing of colours checkey, as well as any other charge of dead thing. And notwith∣standing that such bearing be not agreeable to nature, yet (saith he) if it were either as ancient, or born by so great an estate (in re∣gard of the Armory) it holdeth comparison with the Coat of Caesar, which is Or, and Eagle displayed with two necks, Sable, as far dissent∣ing from Nature, since it is monstrous for one body to have two heads. Yet in this and other like, there are special mysteries of as honou∣rable intendments, as there is in those that are born according to nature.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, an Eagle displayed with two necks, Sable, by the Name of Glynn; and with the Arms of Vl∣ster, is the bearing of Sir William Glynn of Bissister, aliàs Burcester, in Oxfordshire, and of Hawarden in Flintshire, Baronet.

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He beareth Argent, an Eagle displayed with two necks within a bor∣dure engrailed, Sable, by the Name of Hoare; and is the Coat-Armour of Iames Hoare of Ed∣monton in the County of Middlesex, and of the Middle Temple, London, Esq.

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He beareth Vert, 3 Eagles displayed in Fess, Or, by the Name of Winn; and is the Coat of Sir Richard Winn of Gwedir in Caernarvon∣shire, Baronet. This Coat is also born by Sir Iohn Williams of Min∣ster in the Isle of Tha∣net in Kent, Baronet; and by Lewis and Ri∣chard Anwyll of Park in Merionethshire. Es∣quires. Nor is it strange to see one Coat born by several Names, considering their descent from one Tribe, for the different Sirname is but a late accident.

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Azure, a Fess indent∣ed, Or, between three Eagles displayed, Ar∣gent, by the Name of Walter; and with the Arms of Vlster, is the Coat of Sir William Walter of Sarsden in Oxfordshire, Baronet, descended from the an∣cient Family of the Wal∣ters of Warwickshire.

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He beareth Argent, a Fess, Gules, between three Eagles displayed, Sable, by the Name of Leeds; and is the Coat-Armour of Mr. Edward Leeds of Lincolns-Inn in Middlesex, only Son surviving of Mr. An∣thony Leeds of Croxton in Cambridgshire, who is son and heir of Ed∣ward Leeds of the said place, Esq descended from the Family of the Leeds anciently of Leeds Town, and also of Leeds Castle in Kent, from which place this Family took their Name.

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He beareth Sable, an Eagle displayed be∣tween two Cotises, Ar∣gent, a Canton sinister, Or, by the Name of Iordan; and is the Coat of Thomas Iordan of Charlwood in Surrey, Esq. Now I will shew you an Example, where three of these kind of Birds are born together upon one Ordinary; but when you find two or more of them so born or in one Escocheon without interposition of some Ordinary between them, you must not then term them Eagles, but Eaglets, as Leigh hath observed, pag. 104. And I take it, this Rule of his is grounded upon the same Reason, that I have formerly given concerning Lions and Lioncels in the fifteenth Chapter of this third Section, pag. 138. for the Eagle is the Sovereign of Birds, as the Lion is of Beasts.

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He beareth Argent, on a Bend, Gules, three Eaglets displayed, Or, an Annulet (for a difference of a fifth Brother) of the second. This Coat-Armour pertained to the Family of Abington of Dowdeswell in the County of Glocester, of which was descended that generous Gentle∣man Mr. Abington now deceased, sometime Gentleman Usher to Prince Henry, and after∣ward one of the Gentlemen Pensioners both to King Iames, and also to our late Sovereign. These Eaglets, because they be still in exercise, do lively represent their Sires to be no Bastards or degenerate Brood. It is storied, that the old Eagles make a proof of their young by exposing them against the Sun-beams, and such as cannot steddily behold that brightness, are cast forth as unworthy to be acknowledged their Off-spring. In which respect William Rufus, King of this Land, gave for his Device an Eagle looking against the Sun, with this word Perfero, I can indure it: to signifie, he was no whit degenerate from his puissant Fa∣ther the Conqueror.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cross between four Eaglets displayed, Gules, by the Name of Stra∣chey; and is the Coat-Armour of Iohn Stra∣chey of Sutton-Court in Somersetshire, Esq Stu∣dent at Lincoln Colledge at Oxford, and Barrester of Grays Inn.

[illustration]

The Field is Gules, a Cheveron, Verrey, be∣tween three Eagles dis∣played, Or. This was the Coat-Armour of Sir William Wilmer of Sy∣well in the County of Northampton, Kt. The true magnanimity and fortitude of the mind is signified by the Eagle, which never seeketh to combat with any small Birds, or those which for their weakness be far unequal to herself.

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He beareth Argent, three Eagles heads era∣sed, Sable, armed, Or, by the Name of Yellen. The Eagle, though he mounteth high, yet is his eye still roving on the ground; so those who are highest eleva∣ted in honour, should yet still entertain the humblest thoughts: But with this difference from the Eagle, in that she look∣eth downward to seek out some prey; which is most unworthy of any noble Spirit, whom it ill befitteth to pry and prole into poor mens states to make a prey of them, as those great ones of whom David saith, that They humbled themselves, that the congregation of the poor may fall into the hands of their captains. The Beak of an Eagle in her old age waxeth so hook¦ed, that it hindereth her feeding, and so im∣pareth her strength, then (according to some Authors) she flieth to the Rock, and whetteth the same so long, untill she make it proportion∣able to the neathermost, whereby she becometh no less capable of food than before. And so re∣neweth her strength as Psal. 103. Which sa∣tisfieth thy mouth with good things, making thee young and lusty as an Eagle.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cheveron between 3 Hawks heads erased, A∣zure, by the Name of Honywood; and with the Arms of Vlster, is the bearing of Sir William Honywood of Elmested in Kent, Baronet, who is the eldest House of the said Family, which hath spread it self into seve∣ral branches, amongst which are five Knights.

[illustration]

The Field is Ruby, two wings inverted and conjoyned, Topaz, by the Name of Seymour. The wings are Hiero∣glyphicks of celerity, and sometime of prote∣ction and coverture; as the Psalmist often speaks of hiding under the sha∣dow of the wings of Gods favour: because the Hens do shelter their young from the ra∣pine of the mightier, with spreading their wings over them. And therefore some have thought, that the displaying of the Roman Ea∣gles wings did signifie the protection of the obedient, and the extending of her griping tallons to betoken the rending and ruine of all that were resistant. Like as the Eagle in her life makes prey of all other Fowl, so her fea∣thers being mingled with the feathers of other Fowls, are said to consume them all to dust: and therefore one compares them to riches got∣ten by oppression or fraud, which will eat out in time all the rest, though well gotten.

[illustration]

Diamond, two wings impaled, displayed vo∣lant, Or, in Lure, Pearl. This is the Paternal Coat of the Right Ho∣nourable Robert Ridge∣way Earl of London∣derry, and Baron of Gallen Ridgeway in Ireland, &c. The place of his Lordships Resi∣dence is at Torr in Devonshire.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, five Marlions wings in Saltire, Argent. This Coat pertained to Sir Arthur Porter of New∣ark in the County of Glocester, Kt. As wings of fowls are born whole, so are their feathers al∣so; amongst which the Ostriches may justly bear praise for beauty, for distinction from all others, and for frequent use and note in Armory, as I could shew by divers Examples of their bearing, both by themselves and with and upon Ordinaries: but these fol∣lowing may suffice.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, on a Bend, Sable, three O∣strich's feathers, Argent, passing through as ma∣ny Scroles of the first, by the Name of Roger Clarendon, that was base Son to the puissant black Prince. The proper conusance of the Princes of Wales, being the same three feathers born altogether with one Escrole, having this Motto, ICH DIEN; whereby in Princely modesty they dutifully profess that which St. Paul a∣vows, That the Son, as long as he is under tui∣tion, is himself a Subject. But the Ostrich's feathers in plume were sometimes also the De∣vice of King Stephen, who gave them with this word, VI NULLA INVERTI∣TUR ORDO, No force alters their fa∣shion; alluding to the fold and fall of the fea∣ther, which howsoever the wind may shake it, it cannot disorder it; as likewise is the condition of Kings and Kingdoms well esta∣blished.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, six Ostrich's feathers, three, two, and one, Sa∣ble, by the Name of Iervis. This man was a principal Founder of Exbridge in the Coun∣ty of Devon. Of the Ostrich, some have doubted whether he should be reckoned a Beast or a Fowl, in re∣spect of some participation of both kinds; yet doth P. Belon du Mans make no scruple at all to sort him among Birds: therefore I have held it fit to place his feathers here amongst the parts of Birds.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, an Eagle's leg in Pale, era∣sed à la quise, Argent, the tallons, Gules, by the Name of Canhanser. This is termed à la quise; and quise in French signifieth a thigh. It is most un∣doubted that the devou∣rer shall be devoured in his due time, even as the rending and preying legg is here it self rent off from the body. A worthy document for all great men, whose bearing is of the ravening and preying kind, to stand in fear how they seize on any prey against justice; because if they escape the like measure with man, yet it is a just thing with God to shew no mercy to them which are merciless.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, two Eagles leggs barr-ways, erased à la quise, Sable, armed, Gules. Though the Eagles strength be much in her leggs and beak, yet sometimes she is for to use her wit to rend her prey; as espe∣cially she doth in break∣ing open all Shell-fish, which she useth (as For∣tune doth many great men) to carry them up very high, that they might fall with greater force, and so be broken up for her food. Where∣of there is recorded one memorable, but piti∣ful experiment on the Poet Aeschylus, who sit∣ting in deep meditation, an Eagle thinking his bald-head had been a stone, let fall a Tortoise upon it, and so made a Tragical end of that no∣ble Tragedian.

[illustration]

The Field is Argent, a Cheveron between 3 Eagles leggs erased, à la quise, Sable, their tallons armed, Gules, by the Name of Bray. To these leggs of Eagles I hold it not unfit to ad∣joyn (for company) 3 Ravens leggs born after another sort. The Raven was the Ensign of the Danes when they invaded this Kingdom; whose whole bearing you shall find hereafter.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, three Ravens leggs era∣sed, Sable, meeting in the Fess point, their Guly tallons extended into the three acute cor∣ners of the Escocheon, by the Name of Owen of Wales, the Son of Madock. The Raven hath his name for his Rapine, whence other like Birds are termed Ravenous; but his sto∣mack is most shewed on dead Carkasses, where∣as amongst generous Spirits, it is accounted base to be valiant amongst them that cannot resist, or to hurt the name and reputation of the dead.

As the Terrestrial Animals have their peculiar actions and gestures, so doubtless have Birds and Fowls their gesture according to their kind: for sometime we find them born pearching, which action is more usual with Birds or Fowls of prey that are throughly mained & brought to the fist, as in this Example.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Bend wavy, Argent, in the sinister chief point a Falcon standing on a Pearch, Or. This Coat pertained to the Family of Hawkeridge of Hawkworthy in the County of Devon.

Now since we are come to treat of Fowls of prey; whereof (next to the Eagle, which is reckoned the So∣vereign Queen of all Fowls, like as the Lion is reputed the King of all Beasts) the Goshawk, the Falcon, the Gerfalcon, and all other long-winged Hawks; as also all Sparhawks, Marli∣ons, Hobbeys, and other like small Fowl of prey are the chief, it shall not be altogether impertinent (though therein I do somewhat digress from my principal purpose) if I give some little touch of the propriety of terms commonly used of Falconers in managing their Hawks, and things to them appurte∣nant, according to the slenderness of my skill, always subscribing herein to the censure and reformation of professed Falconers. The cause of this my digression is, the desire I have to give some superficial taste unto Gentlemen of the terms of Falconry, like as I have done Chap. 14. of the terms of skilful Woodmen or Huntsmen: That so in their mutual conver∣sing together, they may be able to speak pro∣perly (though but superficially) and deliver their minds in apt terms, when in their meet∣ings they happen to fall into discourse of the noble recreations and delights, either of our generous Armorial Profession, or of Hunting and Hawking; that so the standers by may say of them (when they shall observe their skil∣ful discourses) as old Father Simon said to Sosia his late Bondman, touching the delights of his Son Pamphilus, Ter. And.

Quod plerique omnes faciunt adole scentuli, Vt animum ad aliquod studium adjungant, aut equos Alere, aut canes ad venandum, aut ad Philo∣sophos: Horum ille nihil egregie praeter caetera Studebat, & tamen omnia haec mediocriter.

It is a usual thing with the most part of young men to delight themselves, either in pampering of Horses, or to cherish Dogs for hunting, or to addict themselves to the study of Philosophy; he fixed not his delight in any one of these more than another, yet was he meetly well seen in them all.

The terms of Falconry, that I purpose to touch in this place, are briefly these that fol∣low.

First, a Hawk is said to bate, when she striveth to fly from the fist.

She is said to rebate, when by the motion of the bearers hand she recovereh the fist.

You must say, feed your hawk, and not give her meat.

A hawk is said (after she hath fed) she smi∣teth or sweepeth her beak, and not wipeth her beak or bill.

By the beak of an hawk is understood the upper part which is nooked.

The neather part of the beak is called the hawks clap.

The holes in the hawks beak are called her Nares.

The yellow between the beak and the eyes is called the Sere.

Hawks of long small black feathers like hairs about the Sere, are properly called Crinites.

You must say your hawk jouketh, and not sleepeth.

Also your hawk pruneth, and not picketh herself.

But your hawk cannot be said properly to prune herself, but when she beginneth at her legs, and fetcheth moisture at her tail, where∣with she embalmeth her feet, and striketh the feathers of her wings through her beak.

Her fetching of the Oyl is called the Note.

Your hawk is said to rowse, and not shake herself.

Sometime your hawk countenances, when she picketh herself.

Then shall you not say she pruneth herself, but that she reformeth her feathers.

Your hawk collieth, and not breaketh; your hawk straineth, not clitcheth or snatcheth.

She mantleth, and not stretcheth, when she extendeth one of her wings along after her leggs, and so the other.

After she hath thus mantled herself, she cros∣seth her wings together over her back, which action you shall term the warbling of her wings and say, she warbleth her wings.

You shall say your hawk mutesheth or mu∣teth, and not skliseth.

You shall say cast your hawk to the Pearch, and not set your hawk upon the Pearch.

Furthermore you shall say, she is a fair, long, short, thick hawk, and not a great hawk.

Also you shall say, this hawk hath a large, or a short beak, but call it not a bill.

Also that your hawk is full gorged, and not cropped.

And that she hath a fine head, or a small head well seasoned.

You shall say, your hawk putteth over, and endueth, but both of them in a divers kind.

She putteth over, when she removeth her meat from her gorge into her bowels, by tra∣versing with her body, but chiefly with her neck, as a Crane or some other bird doth.

She never endueth so long as her bowels be full at her feeding; but as soon as she hath fed, and resteth, she endueth by little and little.

If her gorge be void, and her bowels any thing stiff, then shall you say she is embowelled, and hath not fully endued.

So long as you find any thing in her bowels, it is dangerous to give her meat.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Goshawk, Argent, pearching upon a stock fixed in the base point of the Escocheon of the se∣cond, armed, jessed, and belled, Or, by the Name of Weele, and is quar∣tered by Copleston of Egford. This Coat standeth in Staverton Church in the County of Devon: and it may represent some bearer who was ready and serviceable for high affairs, though he lived at rest, and not imployed.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, on a Canton, Azure, a Falcon volant, with jesses and bells of the first, by the Name of Thurstone. This Fowl hath her tallons or pounces inwardly crook∣ed like a hook, and is called in Latin Falco (saith Calepine) non quod falcatis unguibus, sed quod rostro & talis tota falcata sit ad rapinam; because it hath both tallons, beak, and all made hooked for to prey. Vpton calleth her Alietus, saying, Alietus (ut dicit Glossa super Deuteron. 14.) idem est quod Falco. This bird (according to the same Au∣thor) is very bold and hardy, and of great stomack; for she encountreth and grapleth with Fowls much greater than herself, invading and assailing them with her brest and feet. Others (saith he) affirm that Alietus is a little Fowl that preyeth upon small Birds: of whom it is said,

Obtinet exiguas Alietus corpore vires; Sunt & aves minimae praeda cibusque suus:

The Aliet is a Bird of little power; And little Birds are all he eats and doth de∣vour.

This bird (according to Vpton) doth shew that he that first took upon him the bearing thereof, was such an one as did ea∣gerly pursue, vex, and molest poor and silly Creatures.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Fess, Gules, between three Falcons volant, Azure, beaked, jessed; and belled, Or, by the Name of Georges; and is the Coat-Armour of Iohn Georges of Ci∣cester, aliàs Cirencester in Glocestershire, Esq where he resided, till for∣ced thence in the late unhappy Troubles unto his Mannor-house of Bawton, aliàs Bawding∣ton, within a mile of the said Cicester, where he hath resided ever since: of which said Man∣nor himself and Ancestors have been Lords by lineal descent ever since the third of King Ed∣ward the Second, by marriage then had be∣tween William Georges, and Katharine daugh∣ter and co-heir of Robert de Penington, and have been a Family of good repute in the said County. This worthy Gentleman hath al∣ways been loyal to his Sovereign, serving as a Burgess of Cicester (his birth-place) in all law∣ful Parliaments since the beginning of the reign of King Charles the First, unto this present year 1675. He is one of the ancientest Justices of the Peace and Quorum of the said County; and at present one of the most ancient Benchers of the honourable Society of the Middle-Temple, London.

[illustration]

He beareth per Fess, Azure and Argent, in Chief two Falcons vo∣lant, Or, by the Name of Stephens; and is the Coat of Thomas Ste∣phens, Esq the only Son and Heir of Sir Thomas Stephens of Little Sad∣bury in Glocestershire, Kt. yet living, by Ka∣therine, one of the Daughters and Coheirs of William Combes of Stratford upon Avon in Warwickshire. His Great-grand-father was Thomas Stephens, an eminent Lawyer, Attor∣ney General to Prince Henry, and after his de∣cease to Charles the First (whilst Prince of Wales) in which service he died. His Grand∣father was Edward, who married the eldest Sister of the Right Honourable Iohn Lord Crew; and the said Thomas is now married to Anne Neale of Deane in Bedford∣shire.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Cheveron between 3 Falcons, Argent, by the Name of Phillips, and is the Coat-Armour of Ambrose Phillips of the Inner Temple, London, Esq.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, on a Bend, Azure, three Fal∣cons mounting, Argent, jesses and bells of the first, by the Name of Degge; and with a Crescent, is thus born by Symon Degg of Cal∣low-hill in Staffordshire, and of Derby in the County of Derby, Esq second Son of Sir Symon Degge, Kt.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Falcon preying Or, stand∣ing with his wings ex∣panded on a Duck, Ar∣gent, on a Chief, Or, a Cross botonee, Gules, by the Name of Mad∣den; and was born by Thomas Madden of the Inner Temple, London, Esq descended of the Family of the Maddens of Maddenton in Wiltshire, who are now seat∣ed at Rousby-Castle in the County of Ferma∣nagh in the Province of Vlster in Ireland.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, three Sparrow-hawks, Argent, jessed and bel∣led, Or, by the Name of Atterton.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Fess, Gules, three Falcons heads erased of the first, by the Name of Baker; and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Iohn Baker of Wells in Somersetshire, and of St. Paul's Covent Garden in Middlesex, Kt. Phy∣sician in Ordinary to his Majesty King Charles the Second.

[illustration]

The Field is Sable, a Cheveron between three Owls, Argent. This was the Coat-Armour of Sir Iohn Prescot, Kt. The Owl in Armory signifieth prudence, vi∣gilancy, and watchful∣ness by night; it is Mi∣nerva's bird, and was born by the ancient Athenians for their Armo∣rial Ensign, as I have before shewed.

[illustration]

Sable, a Fess embat∣teled between 3 Owls, Argent, and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Francis Theobald of Barking-hall in the Parish of Barking in Suffolk, Kt. a great lover of learning and Fautor of learned men; insomuch that Dr. Castle, in his Polyglot Lexicon, makes this mention of him, That he is Harum Linguarum Callentissimus.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Cheveron engrailed be∣tween three Owls, Ar∣gent, by the Name of Hewitt; and is born by Sir George Hewitt of Pishobury in Hartford∣shire, Baronet.

[illustration]

Ermyn, on a quarter, an Owl, by the Name of Fowler; and is born by Walter Fowler of St. Thomas in Staffordshire, Esq.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a Ra∣ven proper, by the name of Corbet. This with the Arms of Vlster, is the Paternal Coat-Ar∣mour of Sir Iohn Corbet of Stoke upon Tean, and Adderley in Shropshire, Baronet; as also of Sir Vincent Corbet of Moar∣ton-Corbet in the said County, Baronet. This is good and ancient Armory, as we shewed be∣fore in the Escocheon of the Ravens three leggs. It hath been an ancient received opini∣on, and the same also grounded upon the war∣rant of the sacred Scriptures (if I mistake not) that such is the property of the Raven, that from the time his young ones are hatched or disclosed, until he seeth what colour they will be of, he never taketh care of them, nor mi∣nistreth any food unto them; therefore it is thought that they are in the mean space nou∣rished with the heavenly dew. And so much also doth the Kingly Prophet David affirm, Which giveth fodder unto the cattle, and feed∣eth the young Ravens that call upon him, Psal. 147. 9. The Raven is of colour black, and is called in Latin Corvus, or Corax, and (accord∣ing to Alexander) hath but one kind of cry or sound, which is Cras, Cras. When he per∣ceiveth his young ones to be pen-feathered and black like himself, then doth he labour by all means to foster and cherish them from thence∣forward.

This bird (after his manner) is clamorous, fraudulent, filching things away by stealth, and hiding them secretly: Furthermore Alex∣ander saith, That Ravens do sometimes skir∣mish amongst themselves with much eagerness, and do assail each other with their armors, viz. with jobbing with their bills, scratching with their tallons, and beating with their wings: in which conflict if the Hen do chance to have the better of the Cock, she ever after holdeth him in subjection. But howsoever they do cope together in their encounter, certain it is that the Victor ever after carrieth a hand over the conquered.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Pellican in her nest, with wings displaied, feeding of her young ones, Or, vulned, proper, by the Name of Carne; and is born by Thomas Carne of Nash, and Iohn Carne of Wenny, both in Glamorganshire, Esq The Egyptian Priests (as Farnesius noteth) used the Pellican for a Hieroglyphick, to express the four duties of a Father towards his Chil∣dren: whereof the first is generation; the se∣cond is his office of education; the third of training up, or instruction of learning; the fourth and last, this duty of informing the eyes of his Children with the example of his ver∣tuous and honest life: for in the institution of civil behaviour, the eyes are more easily in∣formed for the apprehension of instruction, than the ear. This bird was also born Topaz, in a Field Saphire, by that sapient and great Peer of his time, Richard Fox Bishop of Winchester, Lord Privy Seal, and Counsellor to two great Kings, Henry the Seventh, and Henry the Eighth; which noble Prelates memory shall be eternally blessed, for being the cause of the most happy marrying of the Lady Margaret (daugh∣ter

of Henry the Seventh) to Iames the Fourth King of Scotland; by whose glorious Issue Great Britany now enjoyeth the height of Glory and Happiness. The said Bishop was the magnificent Founder of Corpus Christi Col∣ledge in Oxford, which also beareth the same Coat-Armour.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Cheveron Ermyn be∣tween three Pellicans, Argent, vulning them∣selves, proper, by the Name of Cullum; and is the Coat of Sir Thomas Cullum of Hawstead-Place in Suffolk, Bar.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, three Pellicans, Argent, vulning themselves, pro∣per, by the Name of Pelham; and is the Coat-Armour of Sir William Pelham of Braklesby in Lincoln∣shire, Kt. Son of Sir William Pelham of the said place, Kt. whose Fa∣ther Sir William Pelham of the place aforesaid, Kt. who was descended from the ancient Fami∣ly of the Pelhams of Laughton in Sussex, was a person in great eminence in the time of Qu. Elizabeth, being by her Majesty intrusted in these great Employs; viz. he was Lord Chief Justice of Ireland; he was in Anno 1586. sent Lord Marshall of the English For∣ces that went into the Low Countrie; he was also Master of her Ordnance, and one of her Honourable Privy Council; and was an active Commissioner 1588. and in the following year in Scotland. This Sir William married the Daughter of Nevill Earl of Westmoreland; his Son the Daughter of the Lord Willoughby of Parham; and the Grand-child the Daugh∣ter of the Lord Viscount Couway.

Hitherto of Fowls of prey, leaving other particulars to each mans observation: Now of those which are predable, whereof some are savage, some domestical. The savage I call those that are not subject to mans govern∣ment, but do naturally shun their society, and usually are commorant in Woods, Forests, Heaths, &c. and are subject to prey and ty∣rannical oppression, as these which ensue.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, three Bustards rising, Or, by the name of Nevill. These cannot be pro∣perly said to be volant, albeit they may seem to be flying, but are more aptly said, accord∣ing to the Opinion of some blazoners to be volentes volare; as much as to say, as preparing themselves to make their flight. It is an ob∣servation of Pliny, that all Fowls having long shanks, do (in their slight) stretch forth their leggs at length to their tails; but such as are short legged do truss their feet to the midst of their bodies.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Bend, Or, on a Chief, Argent, two Choughs proper, by the Name of Vyner. This with the Arms of Vlster, is the Coat-Armour of Sir Ro∣bert Vyner of the City of London, Knight, Ba∣ronet, and Lord Maior thereof Anno 1675. a great encourager of in∣genious and commendable Undertakings.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Fess, Gules, between six Cornish Choughs, proper, by the Name of Onslow; and is the Coat-Armour of Arthur On∣slow of Clandon in Sur∣rey, Esq descended of the ancient Family of the Onslows of Onslow-hall in Shropshire.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, three Swallows close, proper, by the Name of Wat∣ton. This bird is the most welcome harben∣ger, shewing the ap∣proach of the plea∣sing Spring; being there∣in like feigned and tem∣porizing Friends, who in the spring of Honours, and summer of Abun∣dance, will gladly converse with those, whom in the winter of Adversity they will forsake, and scarce acknowledge they ever saw them before. Such an one was that proud Cardinal, who upon his new dignity, not vouchsafing to look on his familiar friends, one of them came to him (while all others did congratulate his felicity) to deplore his misery; who wonder∣ing thereat, and asking the cause of such his

sorrow, Because (quoth he) since that red hat came on your head, you have quite lost your eye-sight, and cannot discern your friends as you were wont.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Barr between three Swallows volant, pro∣per, a Chief, Gules, by the Name of Swallow. The Swallow (saith Vp∣ton) hath a small bill and comely shape, of a seemly black, white on the belly, and red about the throat, having little flesh, but well stored with feathers and large wings, and therefore is swift of flight. Mans industry will hardly suffice to perform that, which this little bird doth fashion out in clay, in making her Nest. The bearing of the Swallow fitteth well a man that is industrious, prompt, and ready in the dispatch of his business.

[illustration]

Azure, on a Chief, Or, three Martlets, Gules, by the Name of Wray. This is the Coat-Ar∣mour of Sir Theophilus Wray of Glentworth in Lincolnshire, Baronet. As also of Sir Christopher Wray of Ashby in the said County, Baronet.

Argent, on a Chief, Azure, three Martlets of the Field, is the Coat of Sir Iohn Frederick of the City of London, Knight and Alder∣man.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cheveron between 3 Martlets, Sable, by the Name of Wymondesold; and is born by William Wymondesold of South∣well in the County of Nottingham, Esq one of the Society of Lin∣colns Inn.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Fess, Azure, between two Martlets, Sable, 3 Flowers de lis, Or, by the Name of Hustler; and is the Coat-Armour of Sir William Hustler of Acklam in Cleaveland in the County of York, Kt.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cheveron, Sable, on a Chief of the second, 3 Martlets of the first, by the Name of Wild; and is the Coat of Sir Wil∣liam Wild Knight and Baronet, one of his Ma∣jesties Justices of the Common Pleas.

[illustration]

He beareth Pearl, on a Cheveron, Saphire, between three Martlets, Diamond, as many Cres∣cents, Topaz. This is the Paternal Coat-Ar∣mour of the Right Ho∣nourable Edward Wat∣son, Baron Rockingham of Rockingham Castle in Northamptonshire; a great sufferer for his Majesty (as was his Lordships Father) in the late unhappy wars: Son of Lewis Lord Rock∣ingham, by the Lady Elianor, Sister to Iohn Earl of Rutland now living.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, •• Cheveron embatteled, Ermyn, between three Martlets, Or, by the Name of Wythens; and is the Coat-Armour of Francis Wythens of El∣tham in Kent, Esq one of the Society of the Middle Temple, London, descended of the ancient Family of the Wythens, whose Ancestors have been there seated for se∣veral Generations.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a cross Patonce between four Martlets, Sable, a Canton Ermynois, by Name of Stringer; and is the Coat-Armour of Thomas Stringer of Bexwells in the Coun∣ty of Essex, Esq

[illustration]

He beareth per Fess, Gules and Argent, six Martlets counterchang∣ed, by the Name of Fenwick; and with the Arms of Vlster, is the Coat-Armour of Sir Iohn Fenwick of Wal∣lington in Northumber∣land, Baronet, one of the Captains of the Royal Regiment in France under the Command of his Grace Iames Duke of Monmouth, &c.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, an Escocheon within Orle of Martlets, Sable, by the Name of Brownlow; & is born by Sir Iohn Brownlow of Belton near Grantham in Lin∣colnshire, Baronet.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Bend engrailed be∣wixt six Martlets, Sable, by the Name of Tem∣pest. This with the Arms of Vlster, is the bearing of Sir Tho∣mas Tempest of Stella in the Bishoprick of Dur∣ham, Baronet; a delight∣ful seat, pleasantly sci∣tuate on the South side of the River Tyne.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Bend, Argent, cotized, Or, betweet 6 Martlets of the same. This Coat-Armour pertaineth to the ancient Family of de Labere, whereof Ri∣chard de Labere of Sowtham, in the County of Glocester, Esq is li∣neally descended. The Martlet, or Martinet (saith Bekenhawb) hath leggs exceeding short, that they can by no means go: and thereupon it seemeth the Grecians do call them Apodes, qua∣si sine pedibus; not because they do want feet, but because they have not such use of their feet as other birds have. And if perchance they fall upon the ground, they cannot raise them∣selves upon their feet as others do, and so pre∣pare themselves to flight. For this cause they are accustomed to make their Nests upon Rocks and other high places, from whence they may easily take their flight, by means of the support of the Air. Hereupon it came, that this Bird is painted in Arms without feet: and for this cause it is also given for a difference of younger Brethren, to put them in mind to trust to their wings of vertue and merit, to raise themselves, and not to their leggs, having little Land to put their foot on.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, on a Bend, Gules, cotized, Azure, between six Martlets of the second, three wings, Argent, by the Name of Walden; and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Lionel Walden of Huntington in Huntingtonshire, Kt. lineally descended from Robert Walden, second brother of Sir Richard Walden Kt. Lord of E∣rith in Kent, tempore Hen. 8. which said Sir Richard's Daughter and Co-heir Elizabeth, was married to George Talbot, fourth Earl of Shrewsbury of that Family; by whom he had Issue Anne (sole Heir of her Mother) who mar∣ried Peter Compton Esq by whom he had Issue Henry Lord Compton, Ancestor to the present Earl of Northampton. The aforesaid Sir Lio∣nel, by Elizabeth Daughter and Co-heir of Mr. Charles Balam in Cambridgeshire, hath Issue Lionel, Mary, and Catharina.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, on a Cheveron between 10 Martlets, Argent, five Plates, by the Name of Bard; and is the Coat-Armour of Maximili∣an Bard of Caversfield in Bucks, Esq descended from an ancient Family of that Name of North-Kelsey in Lincolnshire.

[illustration]

He beareth party per Pale Sable and Azure, a Saltire, Argent, charg∣ed with five Cocks, Sa∣ble, between 3 Towers or Castles flaming, and two Spears Saltire-wise in base, Or, by the Name of Iohnson; and is born by Nathaniel Iohnson of Killesworth in the Bishoprick of Durham, Gent. chief Farmer of the Chimney-money of his Majesty for the four Northern Count••es.

CHAP. XXI.

FROM Predable Fowls that are savage, we come to Fowls domestical and home∣bred, that are delighted with mans so∣ciety: Such are these that follow, with their like.

[illustration]

He beareth Saphire, three Cocks, Pearl, arm∣ed, crested, and jellop∣ped, proper. This is the bearing of the Rt. honourable O. Brian Co∣kaine, Viscount Cullen in Ireland, whose seat is at Ruston in Northam∣tonshire. As some ac∣count the Eagle the Queen, and the Swallow or Wagtail the Lady, so may I term this the Knight amongst Birds, being both of noble courage, and also prepared evermore to the battel, having his Comb for an helmet, his sharp and hooked bill for a faulchion or court∣lax to slash and wound his enemy; and as a compleat Souldier armed Cap-a-pe, he hath his leggs armed with spurs, giving example to the valiant Souldier to expell danger by fight, and not by flight. The Cock croweth when he is Victor, and giveth a testimony of his con∣quest. If he be vanquished, he shunneth the light and society of men. Of all birds, this may best be said in blazon to be armed, that is thus furnished and prepared to the encounter. He is the Herald of the day, and the Sentinel of the night for his vigilancy.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, three Capons, Sable, armed, crested, and jaw∣lopped, Or, by the name of Capenhurst. I do term these Capons armed, be∣cause Naturâ sunt belli∣cosi, tametsi castratione facti sunt omnind imbel∣les, by Nature they were valorous, though by reason of their ker∣ving, their courage is not only abated, but ut∣terly taken away. This bird, because he wax∣eth the fatter for being kerved, is brought for one of the Arguments to prove the single life the happiest, and that Coelibes are Coelites, the single life the Saint-like life. But Lipfius must bring better Witnesses than Capons to approve the truth hereof, before it will be received for truth.

[illustration]

Azure, a Cock upon an Escallop-shell, Or, by the Name of Otterbury.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent•• three Peacocks in their pride, proper, by the Name of Pawne. The Peacock is so proud, that when lie erecteth his Fan of Plumes, he admireth himself. And some write, that he swalloweth up his Ex∣crements, because he envieth man the use there∣of. Indeed those which are most proud, are generally of such sluttish and dirty qualities. He displayeth his Plumes against the rays of the Sun, that they may glister the more gloriously: and he loseth this beautiful train yearly with the fall of the Leaf; at which time he becom∣eth bashful, and seeketh corners, where he may be secret from the sight of men, until the spring of the year, when his train begineth to be renewed. And such is the quality of many Dames, who being painted and richly attired, cannot keep within doors; but being undressed and in their own hew, they are loth any man should see them.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cheveron, Sable, be∣tween three Turky∣cocks in their pride, proper, by the Name of Yeo; and is the Coat of Paul Yeo of North-Petherwin in Devon∣shire, Esq

Like as there are Insect Animals that live up∣on the Earth, as hath been before shewed, in shutting up the Tract of Terrestrial Animals: so are there in like sort Insects that live above the Earth, whereof I purpose to produce some few Examples, and so to perclose this Treatise of such Animals as do live above the Earth in the Air.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, three Bees volant, En arriere, by the Name of Bye. The Bee I may well reckon a Dome∣stick Insect, being so ply∣able to the behoof of the Keeper. The ad∣mirable policy and regi∣ment of whose Com∣monwealth, both in Peace and War, with the several duties both of the sovereign Bee, and of the subjects, is beyond belief, and will ask as large a Volume as the Commonwealth, ei∣ther Plato's or Licurgus, to set it forth as it deserveth.

These small and slender bodies are indowed with a perfect soul (if I may so say) as by the effects appeareth: for they do not only live and engender; but also have the use of the senses, as sight, hearing, smelling, tasting, and feel∣ing, no less than other Volatiles or flying Ani∣mals; and in some of them we may observe a singular sharpness of wit, and (to speak with Solomon) fulness of wisdome; as in these Bees and such others. Great is the Lord therefore that made them, and right marvellous also is he in all his works, who hath given this ful∣ness of wisdome to these contemptible Crea∣tures.

The Bee is reputed to be of a doubtful kind, in regard that it is uncertain, whether he may be fitly numbred amongst the savage or dome∣stical kind of Animals; therefore they are rec∣koned his that hath obtained the possession of them according to our vulgarspeech, Catch that catch may. They are said to be ferae naturae: therefore the Bees that do swarm on your trees, until you have gathered them into an hive, they are no more reckoned yours, than the birds that do build their nests in your tree: but being once hived, they cease to be publick, and shall be adjudged the possessors, though he be not interessed in the ground: and till then, it is lawful for any man to take the Honycombs, if they have any at all. Also a swarm escaped out of your hives, is no longer reckoned yours than you have them in sight, and it is lawful for you so long to prosecute them; but if they fly out of your sight, fiunt occupantis.

The Egyptians reckoned the Bee a figure of Regal Power, because in him (besides the Na∣ture of brute Animals) he is constituted a King, that administreth his function (as it were) by deep counsel, forasmuch as he is void of sting, and governeth his hive, as his Commonwealth, altogether by lenity.

If a Bee sting a dead carkass, she loseth not her sting; but if she sting a living man, she loseth her sting. So death stinging us, who were as dead flesh, did not lose his sting: But stinging Christ, hath lost his sting. Therefore we may say, O death where is thy sting, &c. 1 Cor. 15. Death hath only the name of death, but not the sting of death; as the brazen Ser∣pent in the Wilderness had the form and shape of a Serpent, but not the life nor sting of a Ser∣pent, Numb. 21. 9.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Bee-hive beset with Bees diversly volant, Sable, by the Name of Rooe of Cheshire. The Bee (saith the Wise man) is the least of Birds, but she is of much vertue; and she provi∣deth both honey for pleasure, and wax for thrift. And not only do they carefully preserve their own petty state, but by their labours do much sway in all humane states and policies also; as is said in that Verse,

The Calf, the Goose, the Bee; The World is ruled by these three.

Meaning that Wax, Pens, and Parchment sway all mens states. Bees have three properties of the best kind of Subjects; they stick close to their King; they are very industrious for their livelyhood, expelling all idle Drones; they will not sting any but such as first provoke them, and then they are most fierce.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, an Harvest-fly in Pale, vo∣lant, en arriere, Ar∣gent, by the Name of Bolowre. As touching Insects that live above the earth in the air, Pli∣ny giveth this general note, That all such as are armed with a sting in their body or tail, have four wings a piece; and none again have above two, that carry their weapon in their mouth. To the former (saith he) Nature hath given it for their revenge; to the other, only to feed them∣selves withal, and to content Nature. All Insects (saith the same Author) having hard eyes, have their forefeet longer than the rest, to the end that with them they may other whiles scour their eyes.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, 3 Gad-bees volant, en ar∣riere, Argent, by the Name of Burninghill. This fly maketh a great humming noise when he flieth, and of some is called the Gad-bee, and of others the Dun-fly, Brimesey, or Horse-fly,

which in the summer time do grievously vex Cattel, having (as Aelianus saith) a sting both great and stiff. These are of the nature of common Barretors, Pettifoggers, and Pro∣moters, which are ever disturbing the quiet state of their civil and honest Neighbours.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Cheveron between 3 Butterflies volant, Ar∣gent, by the Name of Papillon; and is the Pa∣ternal Coat of Thomas Papillon of the City of London, and of Aw∣cridge, aliàs Acrysse in Kent, Esq.

CHAP. XXII.

HAVING finished our intended survey of Animals, both Terrestrial and Ae∣rial, and of their use in Armory; I will now (according to order) proceed to the handling of watery Animals, being such as have their principal abode and relief in the waters; as Fishes of all sorts. As fishes are of a less compleat nature than earthly or aerial Animals, so must they in reason be of less esteem in Coat-Armour, Data paritate gestantium, unless the quality of the Bearer add an honour there∣to: because those others do approach much nearer to the nature of man, than the watery sort doth; Et illud est melius, quod optimo est propinquius; That is the better, which comes nearest to the best. And the Picture which is the adumbration of the thing pictured, cannot invert or alter the order or worth of the things whereof it beareth the similitude, Quia fictio non plus operatur quam veritas; representati∣ons may not alter the truth of the principal.

But here I speak of arms composed of fishes, as they are considered in their self-nature; which notwithstanding as they be born of ma∣ny persons descended of Noble and Royal Fa∣milies, are so much enoblished in their estima∣tion, as that they are to be preferred before many that are formed of beasts or fowls. This therefore must be here also recommended for a general Rule, That the worthiness of the Bearer is not the least respect we should use in considering the dignity of things born in Coat-Armour.

Like as birds have their plumes, wings, and trains, by means whereof they do cut their way, and make smooth passage thorow the air; in like sort fishes are furnished with fins, where∣with they guide themselves in their swiming, and cut the current of the streams and waves, for their more easie passage, wherein their course is directed by their tail, as ships are con∣ducted by their Helm or Ruther. And for their kinds of motion, fishes are in Scripture term∣ed Reptilia: In ipso magno mari & spatioso, illic reptilia sunt, &c. In the great and wide sea there are things creeping innumerable, both small and great: which are therefore said to be Reptilia, as Chassenus noteth, Quia omnia quae natant reptandi habent vel speciem, velnatu∣ram: because things when they swim seem to creep along in the water.

Fishes, albeit they have not breath (as we may say in a comparative sort) so strong and sensible as four-footed Animals have, because they want Lungs or Lights, as Aristotle hath taught, yet it behooveth they should have both attraction and respiration of breath in some fashion, which we call in Latin Inspiratio, which is a drawing in of breath, and Respi∣ratio, which is a venting out of the breath at∣tracted, as both Plato and Galen do teach, who do affirm that fishes do receive and deliver their breath by their galls; For no longer is any Animal said to have life, than he hath at∣traction and remission of breath.

Whereas Moses maketh mention Gen. 2. 19, 20. That God caused all the beasts of the field, and the fowls of heaven to come unto Adam, that he might see how he would name them: there is no mention of the coming of fishes un∣to him, neither that he gave names to them. The reason is, for that such is the nature of fishes, as that they cannot live long out of their proper Element, which is the water. Besides fishes do serve men for no other use, but for food, and some sorts of them for medicine; whereof it cometh, that we have not so many names of fishes mentioned in the Scriptures, as of other Animals. For these Reasons fishes were not produced before Adam, that he might give them Names answerable to their Natures: Nevertheless God gave him dominion over them, as well as over the rest, when he said Dominamini piscibus maris, &c.

Hereof it cometh, that man hath less familia∣rity and acquaintance with fishes than with many other animals; as Horses, Doggs, small Birds of many kinds, which we daily use, ei∣ther to serve our necessities, or for our de∣lights.

Fishes are born after a divers manner, viz. directly upright, imbowed, extended, endor∣sed, respecting each other, surmounting one another, fretted, and trianguled, &c. All fishes (saith Leigh) that are born feeding, shall be termed in blazon devouring, because they do swallow all whole without mastication or chewing: and you must tell whereon they feed. All fishes raised directly upright, and having fins, shall be termed in blazon Hauriant, ab hauriendo, signifying to draw or suck; because fishes do oftentimes put their heads in such sort above the waters, to refresh themselves with the cool and temperate air; but especially when

the waters do so rage and boyl in the depth of the seas against some tempestuous storm, that they cannot endure the unwonted heat there∣of. All fishes being born transverse, the Esco∣cheon must in blazon be termed Naiant, of the word Nato, to swim; for in such manner do they bear themselves in the waters when they swim.

Concerning both the variety and the innu∣merable multitude of fishes, Pliny is of a pret∣ty fantastical conceit, affirming that the seeds and universal elements of the world are so sundry ways commixed one with another, part∣ly by the blowing of the winds, and partly by the rowling and agitation of the sea, that it may be truly said, according to the vulgar opi∣nion, That whatsoever is ingendred or bred in any part of the world besides, the same is to be found in the sea; besides many things more in it, which no where else are to be seen. A fish (if you will believe Farnesius) is called piscis a pascendo, Quia ad rem nullam nisi ad pastum natus est; he is bred only to eat, and to be eaten. Of fishes, some have hard and crusty coverings; others have a softer outside: and those latter are also of two sorts, some having only skin, and others scales. Scaled fishes by their fins are both adorned & greatly assisted also in their swiming: but Congers, Eels, Lampreys, and such like, may seem (in respect of the smal∣ness of their fins) to have received them of na∣ture, rather for ornament than for use in swim∣ing, especially because they lye most in the bottom of the waters, and therefore less need their fins.

Of these several kinds I will briefly give some few Examples, wherein I rather purpose to lay open their divers forms of bearing in Coat-Armour, than meddle with their unlimi∣table particular kinds: as in Example.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, three Eels Naiant in Pale barr-ways, Sable, by the Name of Ellis. Of this sort are all Lam∣preys, Congers, and o∣thers of like kind, whereof some are born Naiant aften this man∣ner, and other Hauriant. This sort, of all others, doth most nearly re∣semble in their motions such Reptiles, as ha∣ving no feet, do with a kind of volubleness make their way in the waters with many intri∣cate doublings. To these may be added Plai∣ces, Soles, Flounders, and whatsoever other fish, whose covering consisteth meerly of skin, and have not the defensible furniture of scales, such as next ensue; as in Exam∣ple.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cheveron, Gules, be∣tween three Soles-fishes hauriant, proper, within a bordure engrailed, Sa∣ble. This Coat pertain∣ed to the Family of Soles of Brabanne in the County of Cam∣bridge. These arms are agreeable to the Bearers name, which happen very often in armory; for divers men taking their Names form beasts, birds, fowls, or fishes, do bear Coat-Armours semblant thereunto. This fish is known unto the Latinists by three names, Solea, à similitudine Soleae, i. a shoes sole: Sandalium, which cometh from the Greek 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, or 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, a kind of shoe open with latchets on the instep; Lingulaca, quod formam linguae referat: The French call this fish, Vne sole. The delicateness of it in taste hath gained it the name of the Partridge of the sea.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Dolphin naiant, im∣bowed, Argent, by the Name of Fitz-Iames. The Dolphin is a fish of so great strength and swiftness, that when the fishes, which he follow∣eth for his prey, fly to the rocks or shore for shelter, in the fierceness of his pursuit he some∣times, dasheth himself dead against the rock, and sometimes runs himself on shore. Such many times is the success of over-heady and outragious men, who seeking furiously the hurt of others, feel the smart themselves in their own overthrow.

[illustration]

Sable, a Dolphin nai∣ant devouring a fish, proper.

[illustration]

The Field is Jupiter, a Dolphin hauriant, Sol. This Coat is evermore born quarterly with the three Flowers de lis, Sol, in a Field, Jupiter, by the King's eldest Son, who beareth the Title of the Dauphin of France; and is thereby

known to be heir apparent to the Crown of that Kingdom. The Naturalists write, That the she Dolphin hath Duggs abounaing with Milk, wherewith she giveth her young ones suck; and that she is (as in that respect) like to women, so also in her affection of love; in∣somuch that Dolphins have fallen so exceeding∣ly in love with fair youths, as that they became most familiar with them; and afterward wanting their company, have died for grief. They are reported also to be great lovers of Musick.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, three Dolphins hauriant, A∣zure. This is the Pa∣ternal Coat-Armour of Mr. Peter Vandeput of London, Merchant, whose Grand-father Mr. Giles Vandeput, came out of the Province of Brabant, and here feat∣ed himself; where the Family hath ever since continued eminent Merchants.

[illustration]

Azure, a Bend be∣tween two Dolphins, Or, by the Name of Frankland. This with the Arms of Vlster, is the Coat-Armour of Sir William Frankland of Thirkleby in York∣shire, Baronet.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Bend, Azure, three Dolphins of the Field. This with the Arms of Vlster, is the Coat of Sir Richard Franklyn of the More in Hart∣fordshire, Knight and Baronet.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, Crussuly, Or, three Lu∣cies or Pikes hauriant, Argent, by the Name of Lucy; and is born by Sir Kingsmill Lucy of Facombe in Hantshire, Baronet.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, three Dolphins naiant, extended in Pale, barry, Or. This is a Venetian Coat-Armour, and is born by the Name of Dolphin. These Dol∣phins here are in their natural form of swim∣ing, wherein they use to marshal their great Troops in admiring or∣der: for in the vantgard swim all their young ones, in the middle all the Females, in the rereward all the Males; like good Husbands, looking both to the orderly demeanour of their Wives and Children, and also having them still in their eye, to defend them from danger.

[illustration]

The Field is Gules, a Cheveron, Ermyn, be∣tween three Dolphins naiant, imbowed, Ar∣gent. This was the Pa∣ternal Coat-Armour of Samuel Bleverhasset of Lowdham in the Coun∣ty of Suffolk, Esq The Dolphin is said to be a fish of such exceeding great swiftness, as that oftentimes he out-strippeth a ship under Sail, in her greatest ruff and merriest wind, in swift∣ness of course. In this fish is proposed unto us an Example of charity and kind affection to∣wards our Children, as Pliny in his Descripti∣on of the nature of this fish sheweth, lib. 9. c. 8. and Aelianus, lib. 5. cap. 18. as also of his sin∣gular love towards man, whereof Aelianus produceth strange Examples. To this Head must be referred all other fishes of hard scale, as the Sturgeon, &c. Other scale-fishes there are, but of a more soft and tender sort; such as these which ensue.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, three Salmons hauriant, Argent, by the Name of Salmon. If Apicius (whose tongue was a touchstone to try the excellency of all dishes) were to give his sen∣tence in the Senate∣house of Gluttons, it is thought he would preferr the Salmon before all other fishes, though the old Romans made chief reckoning of Acipenser, a fish of an un∣natural making and quality; for his scales turn all towards the head, and he ever swimeth a∣gainst the stream. These three Salmons here were very fair bearing in a great Charger, Ar∣gent. Fishes are born hauriant, both respect∣ing each other, and also endorsed, as in these next Examples.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, two Barbels hauriant, respecting each other, Argent. A like Coat to this (but different in colours) is born by the Family of Colston of Essex. This fish even in his name bewrayeth his shape, which gave occasion thereof, by reason of the small and tender films that grow about his mouth, re∣sembling after a sort the form of a Beard, whereupon he receiveth the Name of a Bar∣bel.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, two Pikes hauriant, en∣dorsed, Or. This Coat is quartered by the high and mighty Prince, the now Duke of Witten∣berg, for his fourth Coat, and are the Arms of the Dominion of Phiert, within the Territories of the said Duke. Sometimes you shall find fishes born fret-ways, that is to say, fretted or interlaced one over another, as in this next Example.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, three Trouts fretted in triangle, Teste a la queue, Argent, by the Name of Trowteheck. We use these words Teste à la queue in blazon, to sig∣nifie the manner of their fretting. The Heir of this Family was in the time of Henry the Eighth married to Iohn Talbot of Albrighton, from whom the Talbots of Grafton now living, are lineally descended, and do quarter this Coat.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, three Chalbots hauriant, Gules. This did belong to that worthy Earl Philip Chalbot, Earl of Newblanch, and great Admiral of France, whom King Henry the Eighth vouchsafed to make Knight, and Com∣panion of the most noble Order of the Garter. A Chalbot fish seemeth to have the shape of a Gournard, for so doth Bara describe him.

CHAP. XXIII.

THE hardiness of scaly fish (whereof we have before spoken) is not conti∣nuate, but plated fitting for motion: but there is another sort of hard covering, which is continuate; Of which sort some are crusted, other some are shelled, as Examples shall shew.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cheveron, Sable, be∣tween three Crevices upright, Gules. I term these upright, because they wanting fins, can∣not without breach of the Rule formerly gi∣ven, be properly said to be hauriant.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, on a Bend, Or, a Lobster, Sable. Gongulo Argote de Molina, in his Book entituled Nobleza de Andalviza, noteth this for the Coat-Armour of Grilla. It is noted by certain Naturalists, that the Lobster is subtle in acquiring his food, for he watcheth the Escal∣lop, Oyster, and other like fishes that are fen∣ced by Nature with a stronger and more de∣fensible Coat than himself, to become a prey unto him, by observing when they do open their shell, either to receive food or air, and in the mean time with his claws he taketh a stone, and casteth it between the shels of the Oyster, so as she can neither save her self, nor annoy her foe; using his wit for a supply of his strengths defect, according to the old Proverb, Where the Lions skin is too scant, it must be pieced out with a Fox case.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Lobster's Claw in Bend sinister, Saltire-like, surmounted of another dexter-ways, Gules, by the Name of Tregar∣thick. Those other fishes, which are said to be shelled, and are na∣turally inclosed in strong and thick walls, do dilate and open their shells at certain seasons, either to receive the benefit of the air, or of food; and again contract them (at their pleasure) and so defend them∣selves from all harm and violence. Of these, the shells are of most frequent use in Arms, and

are diversly born, as well with Ordinaries be∣tween them, as charged upon Ordinaries, as by Example in the next Escocheons in part shall appear.

[illustration]

He beareth barry wavy of six, Or and Gules, three Prawns naiant in the first and of the second, by the Name of Sea, aliàs Atsea, of Herne in Kent.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cheveron engrailed, Sable, between three Sea-crabs, Gules, by the Name of Bridger. It is an observation a∣mongst Fishermen, that when the Moon is in her decrement or wane (as we commonly call it) these sort of fishes have little or no substance at all in them, which moveth them to forbear to fish for them in that season, in regard that the Moon is the natural and secondary cause, that the Crabs of the Sea are either full and plum, or else shear and (after a sort) empty.

The claws of the forefeet of this sort of fish are called forcipata brachia Cancrorum, of for∣ceps, which signifieth a pair of Tongs or Pin∣cers, or such like, alluding to their quality, which is to pinch and hold fast whatsoever they do seize upon.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, and Escallop-shell, Gules, by the Name of Pre∣late. This Coat stand∣eth in the Abbey Church of Cirencester within the County of Glocester, and seemeth to have been of long continuance there. The Escallop (according to Dioscorides) is in∣gendred of the Dew and Air, and hath no blood at all in it self; notwithstanding in mans body (of any other food) it turneth soonest into blood. The eating of this fish raw is said to cure a surfeit.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, three Escallop-shells, Or. This is the Coat-Ar∣mour of Sir Iohn Mal∣let of Audres in West-Quantox-head in Somer∣setshire, Kt. And this Coat was born by Hen∣ry Lord Mallet, who came into England with William the Conqueror.

[illustration]

He beareth Ermyn, on a Fess, Gules, three Escallop-shells, Or, by the Name of Ingram; and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Arthur Ingram of the City of London, Kt.

[illustration]

Azure, three Escallops, Or, between two Flan∣ches, Ermyn, by the Name of Clarke; and is the Coat of Sir Gilbert Clarke of Somersall in Derbyshire, Kt.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, on a Chief, Sable, three E∣scallop-shells of the first, by the Name of Gra∣ham; and is the Coat of Sir Richard Gra∣ham of Netherby in Cumberland, Baronet, descended from the se∣cond son of the Earl of Monteith in Scotland; who about the time of King Henry the Fourth, married the Lady Anne Vere, daughter to the Earl of Oxford; which said Sir Richard is now married to the Lady Anne, second daugh∣ter to the Right Honourable Charles Earl of Carlisle.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, on a Cheveron, Argent, three Escallop-shells of the first, by the Name of Harding; and is the Paternal Coat-Armour of Sir Robert Harding of Kings-Newton in the Parish of Melborne in Derbyshire, Kt. a Person for his Loyalty to his Prince K. Charles the I. and Second, hath been a great Sufferer in the late unhappy times; for which good Services his Majesty conferred the said honour of Knighthood on him.

[illustration]

Or, a Fess between three Escallop-shells, Gules; and is the Coat of Henry Arthington of Arthington in the West-Riding of Yorkshire, Esq.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Fess dauncette, Or, be∣tween three Escallop∣shells, Ermyn; and is the Coat of Francis Diue of Bromham in Bedford∣shire, Esq son and heir of Sir Lewis Diue of the said place, Kt. whose Family have been there seated for several Gene∣rations, and were de∣scended from the ancient Family of the Diues who were formerly seated at Wyke, Brampton, Holwell, Harleston, and Quinton in Northamp∣tonshire.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, six Escallop-shels, Or, three, two, and one, by the Name of Escott of Corn∣wall. Here I think it fit to note out of the Number and position of the Charge of this Coat-Armour two things: the one concerning the number, which you see is six, which some Ar∣morists hold to be the best of even and articu∣late numbers that can be born in one Escoche∣on; their reason is, because none other even number under ten can decrease in every rank one to the base point of the Escocheon, and produce an odd one in the same point. Next touching this manner of the position of this number; which suiteth most aptly with the fi∣gure of a triangular Escocheon, as in the Ele∣ments of Armories, pag. 181. is observed.

[illustration]

He beareth Pearl, a Lion rampant, Ruby, on a Chief, Diamond, th•••••• Escallop-shells of the first. This is the Pater∣nal Coat of the Right Noble and Worthy Fa∣mily of the Russels, Earls of Bedford. The pre∣sent enjoyer of the said Dignity being the Right Honourable William Earl of Bedford, Baron Russel of Tavestock and Thornhaugh, Knight of the most Noble Order of the Garter, &c. Such is the beauti∣ful shape that Nature hath bestowed upon this shell, as that the Collar, of the Order of St. Michael in France, in the first Institution thereof, was richly garnished with certain pie∣ces of Gold artificially wrought, as near as the Artificer could by imitation express the stamp of Nature.

Which Institution doubtless was grounded upon great reason, to shew the stedfast amity and constant fidelity, that ought to be between brethren and companions of one society and brotherhood: For take one of these fishes, and divide the shells, and endeavour to sort them with (I will not say hundreds) but millions of other shells of fishes of the same kind, and you shall never match them throughout: therefore do they resemble the indissoluble friendship that ought to be in Fraternities and Societies, because there can be according to Cicero, Offic. 1. Nulla firma Amicitia nisi in∣ter aequales. The consideration whereof (it I be not deceived) moved the first Founders of this Order to sort them in the collar of this order by couples, for that all others do disa∣gree with them, Secundum magis vel minus, and none do concurt together with them in all points, but only those that nature hath con∣formed, and made agreeable to each other in all points.

[illustration]

The Field is Argent on a Fess, Azure, three Escallop-shells of the first, a Bordure engrail∣ed as the second, in Chief a Crescent, Gules, for a difference of a se∣cond brother. This was the Coat-Armour of that worthy Gentleman Iohn Fenne, one of the Captains of the City of London. I read in a French Manuscript re∣maining in the Office of Arms, to this effect, That the bearing of the Escallop in Arms signi∣fieth

fieth the first bearer of such Arms to have been a Commander, who by his vertues and valour had so gained the hearts and loves of his Soul∣diers and Companions in Arms, that they de∣sired much to follow him, even into dangers mouth; and that he in reciprocation of their loves, had ventured to sacrifice himself for their safeguards.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, ten Escallops, four, three, two, and one, Sable, on a Canton, Gules, a Mul∣let pierced, Or, by the Name of Kingscot. I do here blazon the Charge to be ten Escal∣lops, although there be but eight to be discern∣ed; for such was the Coat before the addition of the superjacent Canton; which as it is in∣tended, doth overshadow those other two that are not seen.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Heron volant, in Fess, Azure, membred, Or, between three Escallops, Sable, by the Name of Herondon. Here also you see one gesture of a Fowl volant, in the carriage of his leggs, which was not before exemplified. Pliny saith, That all Fowls that stalk with long shanks, as they flie they do stretch out their leggs in length to their tails; but such as are short legged, do draw them up to the midst of their bellies.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Fess engrailed between three Welks, Or, by the name of Shelley. Who so shall advisedly view the infinite variety of Natures workmanship, manifest even in the ve∣ry shels of fishes; shall doubtless find just cause to glorifie God, and admire his Omnipotency and Wisdome, shewed in these things of mean∣est reckoning. To this head must be reduced all other shell-fishes, of what kind soever, that are inclosed with hard shells.

CHAP. XXIV.

WE have long insisted in the bearings of Animals or living Creatures un∣reasonable, distinguishing them ac∣cording to their kinds, sorting them into seve∣ral ranks, placed them under sundry heads, ex∣emplifying their manifold use and forms of bearing in Coat-Armour, to the end that they might give better life and warrant to such Rules and Observations, as concerning them are formerly given. The last place I have here reserved to the most noble Creature and first in estimation, I mean Man, whom God hath indued with a reasonable Soul, and for whose sake he crcated all other things, subjecting them to his sovereignty, that they should serve man, and man should serve God. Thou hast given him (saith David) sovereignty over all the works of thy hands, and hast put all things in subjection under his feet; all sheep and oxen, and all beasts of the field, the fowls of the air and fishes of the sea, &c. For God made man in his own image, not only in giving him an understanding soul, and an holy will, but also a sovereign jurisdiction over these inferiour crea∣tures; even as Kings are the Image of God, in a more peculiar manner, because God hath gi∣ven them sovereignty over men. Neither is the beauty of the body it self lightly to be re∣garded, whose admirable proportions and u∣ses made Galen (a heathen) to acknowledge the infinite wisdome of an eternal Creator: And that godly King to break out into terms of ad∣miration, saying, Thine eyes did see my sub∣stance yet being unperfect, and in thy book were all my members written, which day by day were fashioned, when as yet there was none of them. Inasmuch as we are now come to treat of man, the most excellent of all God's crea∣tures, and for whose sake all things else were created; let us take a considerate view of the order of the Creation, and we shall find many forcible motives to stir us up to the glorifying of our gracious God, that hath so graciously and abundantly provided for our sustentation and maintenance before we were yet created: that so we may be provoked with more circum∣spection and regard to meditate upon Gods ad∣mirable Omnipotency, Mercy, and gracious Providence; and be induced more regardfully to ponder and consider the inexplicable glory of the heavens, and their most beautiful orna∣ments, the fruitfulness and riches of the earth, the infinite variety of shapes, colours, qualities, and operations of Animals and Vegetables; of all which there is not the least, or whatsoever we hold most contemptible, but will minister unto us just cause to glorifie God's Omnipoten∣cy, Mercy, and Wisdome.

Man as touching his body hath a threefold estate, viz.

Esse,	in	Creatione.
Non esse,	Morte.
Semper esse,	Resurrectione.

God hath created man, and placed him in this world, to the end he should be a diligent search∣er, viewer, and beholder of all his works; and withal, that he should not be only a Spectator, but also a serious and zealous Enarrator of his infinite wisdome, power, and mercy, in that he hath most powerfully created them, most wisely disposed them, and most providently conserveth them in their several ranks and sub∣ordinate places and offices.

But when we speak of man, we must not understand him to be that outward form or li∣neaments of body, that is subjected to our visi∣ble sense; but the mind of each man is the man indeed, not that part of him that may be de∣monstrated by pointing of the finger.

The mind of man penetrateth and passeth through all things in a moment, more swiftly than the stars, more speedily than imagination, yea with more celerity than time it self.

So great is the estate and dignity of mans condition and nature, as that there is no good can suffice him, but the chiefest and only good of all.

The soul of man is of a Divine Nature, and therefore immortal and eternal; he ascendeth up by degrees evermore, and never ceaseth until he attain divine and celestial things: Which nature and property is not found in any creature but in man only.

God indeed hath created man of an upright stature, with his countenance raised up towards heaven; whereas he hath given all other Ani∣mals a groveling countenance, fixed upon the earth: whereby he would notifie, that mans soul is a celestial thing, and that his ultimum bonum is in heaven; that heaven is his coun∣trey, that there is his everlasting habitation, if he love his God, and become pliant and obe∣dient unto his Divine will.

Plato calleth man the miracle of God; for, saith he, man is endued with the force of na∣ture of the World. For what is the world, but an universality of things compacted together in the form of a Sphere? And what is man, but a Compendium or Epitome of the universality of things? Therefore was he not mis-named by Aristotle, when he called him a little world: For he understandeth with the Angels, he hath sense with living Creatures, he communicateth of food, growth and generation with Plants; and finally he hath being with all the Ele∣ments, and retaineth with the world the form of a Sphere. For as Iulius Solinus saith, look how much breadth a man hath when he ex∣tendeth his hands to the full, so much is his length from the crown to the heel: So as if you draw a circle about him, you shall comprehend him within the form of a compas••ed Sphere.

Moses speaking of the particular works of God in his Creation before he had created man, saith, Ea visa fuisse Deo bona; but after he had created man, and all things pertaining to his sustentation and preservation, as also all things behoveful for the propagation of all mankind prepared, then did he take a general view and survey of the whole fabrick of the World, Et Deo visum fuisse valde bonum, they were exceeding, that is, so perfect good in the highest degree, as nothing could be wished to be added thereto for the bettering thereof.

As touching the food allotted to man, at the first it is most certain, that the same was herbs and fruits, as appeareth Gen. 1. 29. Ecce dedi vobis omnem herbam, &c. And God said, Be∣hold I have given unto you every herb bearing seed, which is upon all the earth; and every tree, wherein is the fruit of a tree bearing seed, that shall be to you for meat. That is to say (saith Zanchius) multam, amplissimam, suavissimam & utilissimam, in great plenty, abundant, most delicate and most wholsome; herewith shall ye be satisfied and contented without seeking after other food.

These three things (saith Zanchius) are most certain; first, that before the flood both herbs and fruits of trees were so wholsome and good, as that man needed no other food; in re∣gard whereof there was no need, that the eat∣ing of flesh should be permitted unto him. Se∣condly, it is also undoubtedly true, that after the flood the earth was so corrupted by the in∣undation thereof, and consequently mans body became so weakened, that he stood in need of more solid and strong nourishing meats, as the flesh of Oxen, Kine, Sheep, &c. In regard whereof God gave him permission to use them for food. Thirdly, this also is without all controversie, that God did not prohibit unto man any sorts of meats, because all things are clean to the clean: as also for that every Creature of God is good, because they are sanctified by his Word.

Of the mixture and composition of the four Elements before mentioned, and of the hu∣mors of them, and of them engendred, two principal parts of matters of our bodies have their being, viz. our bones with their nerves or sinews, wherewith they be conjoyned and knit; and our flesh with the veins, whereby the blood is conveyed throughout all parts of the body, together with her arteries, whereby the vital and animal spirits are carried into eve∣ry part and member thereof.

These two parts did Adam well express, when speaking of Eve he said, Haec est os ex ossibus meis, & caro de carne mea. First he ma∣keth mention of bone, as the more solid and substantial part, and as it were the fundamental part of the whole body; and after of the flesh, as of the matter wherewith the bones are co∣vered.

To these two parts there is annexed a skin, wherewith the whole frame of the body (be∣ing united and knit together) is covered, and wherein it is comprehended and contained. And this skin is not scaly, such as is proper to fishes; neither feathered after the manner of fowls; neither hairy and rugged, as many sorts of beasts are; neither thick skinned, as many bruit Animals have; but a soft tender skin, and of a delicate touch, and such as may well be∣seem such a mind, as the mind of man is: for where there is store of wit, there needeth not a hard skin, but a soft tender skin fitteth best a generous and ingenious mind. For so was it the pleasure of the most wise God, to adde unto the noblest mind the noblest flesh, and the tenderest and most dainty skin, that so the ex∣ternal shape might be an evident testimony of the inward mind. That this Creature, Man, is also born in Coat-Armour both limb-meal (as I may term it) and also entire, with all his parts conjunct, I will shew by Examples: and we will first here set down the whole bearings, and afterward proceed to the parts.

[illustration]

The Field is Jupiter, our blessed Lady with her Son in her right hand, and a Scepter in her left, all Topaz. this Coat pertaineth to the Bishoprick of Salisbury. Since it hath pleased some (doubless out of a devout affection) to as∣sume the bearing of the blessed Virgin with her most blessed Babe, I hold it great reason to set this Escocheon in the first place. For I am far from their opinion who damn it for Super∣stition to pourtrait that glorious Virgin, or her Babe; but yet I hold it undoubted Idolatry to offer to these, or any other Pictures, those Services of Worship and Prayer which God hath made his own peculiar Prerogative, not to be communicated to that holy Virgin her∣self, much less to her Image; which yet are so far oftentimes from being her Image, that it hath been acknowledged, that some lewd Pain∣ters have pourtraited that unspotted Lady to the likeness of their own Courtizans, and so have proposed her in Churches to be adored. This worship of the Virgin Mary hath almost worn out the worship of her Son, especially where their ridiculous feigned Miracles daily broached do find any credit.

[illustration]

The Field is Topaz, a King enthronized on his Seat Royal, Saphire, crowned, sceptered, and invested of the first, the Cape of his Robe Er∣myn. These are the Arms of the City Sivil in Spain. As we for∣merly prescribed of un∣reasonable Creatures, that they should be set forth in their noblest action: so much more is it fit, that man (the most excellent of God's Creatures) should be set forth in his greatest dignity. And as amongst men there are ma∣nifold degrees and callings, so is it decent (saith Bartolus) that each particular person should be habited as is fitting for his estate, calling, and imployment; viz. Principes in solio Majestatis, Pontifex in Pontificalibus, Miles in armis, sive equestris, sive pedestris, depingi debet: a King in his Throne of Majesty, a Bishop in his Pontifical Vestures, and a Souldier in his Military habit, either on foot or horsback; so shall they re∣ceive such reverence, as is answerable both to their persons and functions.

[illustration]

The Field is Saphire, a Bishop seated in his Chair, habited in his Pontificals, sustaining his Crosier in his left arm stayed upon the Chair, and extending his right hand towards the dexter point of the Escocheon, Pearl. This Coat-Ar∣mour was quartered by Eberhardus, sometimes Bishop of Lubrick in Saxony, who was de∣scended of the noble Progeny of the Hollij. The Dignity Episcopal is next unto the Regal, insomuch that Constantine the Great (the first Christian Emperour) received a Bishop with no less reverence and honour, than if every one of them had been his own Father: and great reason, since they directly succeed the Apostles of Christ in the Government of the Church; especially if together with this Apo∣stolical Dignity they joyn the truth of Apo∣stolical Doctrine, which the Romish Bishops have abolished.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Saracens head erased at the neck, Argent, envi∣roned about the Tem∣ples with a Wreath of the second, and Sable, by the Name of Mer∣gith of Wales. After Examples of the whole bearing of man, it is fit the head should first be handled before the o∣ther

parts; for that amongst all the parts of living Creatures, the head obtaineth the chief∣est preheminence, saith Pierius: and (as Isi∣dore noteth) it is called Caput, not only be∣cause it is capable of the knowledge attained by the Senses; but for that also it comprehend∣eth and containeth them all. As this Member is chiefest in dignity, so hath Nature appropri∣ated thereto the highest and principal place, it being lifted up on high, as in a Watch Towre, that it might oversee all approaching danger before it come near; for which cause also Na∣ture hath given man more flexibility to turn a∣bout his neck and look on all sides, than other Creatures have.

In the workmanship of this principal mem∣ber of mans body may we behold with admi∣ration the unspeakable power, providence, and mercy of God, if we shall attentively consider the order and composition of the head, with the external and internal parts thereof.

First of all the skull, called in Latin Cranium, is the uppermost bone of the head, fashioned in the form of a Globe, and distinguished with their orders of small holes and seams. An Example of hearing in Coat-Armour of three of these skuls on a Cheveron I have formerly given you, pag. 114. where I treated of bones. The skull is outwardly covered with skin and thin flesh, lest the same should be overburthen∣ed with too much weight. This flesh with that skin is therefore made full of pores, or small invisible holes, for the more commdious eva∣poration of the gross humours of the brain, and certain excrements thereof; whereof hairs are engendred and may have their pas∣sage. The skull is inwardly hollow, to the end that the brain, which is the seat of all the sen∣ses, might be the more commodiously confer∣red therein.

The skull hath God distributed into three parts, viz. into Sinciput, which is the fore∣part thereof, and conjoyneth to the forehead; into Occiput, which is the hindmost part thereof; and into Verticem, which is the Crown or middle part of the same, seated be∣tween the fore and hinder part aforenamed.

Under these three partitions are placed three several faculties: In the forepart is the Phan∣tasie, or Sensus Communis, scil. the Judgment of the Senses, or universal notion of things; in the middle the Imagination; and Memory in the hinder part of the head.

Within the concavity of the skull the brain hath his being, distinguished with 3 little Ven∣tricles or Cells, one in the forepart, another in the midst, and the last in the hinder part: In which three Ventricles, the forms and ideas of things, apprehended by the exterior senses, are severally and distinctly imprinted. Therefore to the end the same might be more effectually performed, God made not the brain fluent, like water, for then would it not apprehend or re∣tain those conceited forms; nor yet of solid substance, like bones, for then could it not ea∣sily admit the impressions of such imaginary forms: but he made the brain of an indifferent temper, viz. moderately soft, and moderate∣ly hard, to wit, of a soft and temperate na∣ture.

Furthermore, God hath made in the brains of man certain concavities or hollownesses, and those hath he replenished with vital spirits, without which the interiour senses could not consist: and these spirits doth the soul use to understand by, and to the performance of o∣ther actions which she produceth in the head.

Moreover, in the brain hath he placed the fountain of the sinews, which from thence are dispersedly conveyed throughout the body; as well those nerves and sinews as are sensitive, as also those that are motive, viz. those that give motion to the body. But who can express or conceive in mind the manifold instruments of the soul, that God hath placed in the head of man?

In the head we may observe (well-nigh) all the uses of the soul. Behold the admirable composition of mans head, which of all other parts of the body is the noblest; and how all and singular the parts thereof are accommoda∣ted and applied by our most gracious Maker, Conserver, and Redeemer, to serve for the u∣ses of all the faculties of the soul!

If the framing of this one member (I mean the head of a man) be so admirable in it self; how much more is the composition of the whole frame of the body, being conjoyned and united together with sinews and arteries, in a proportionable manner, and furnished through∣out with all the external and internal parts, and their particular appurtenances to be admi∣red?

The members of Animals are (of Philoso∣phers) usually distinguished into external and internal, and so be handled severally each one apart by it self: but I labouring to be brief herein, will handle those outward and inward parts only, whose shapes and forms I find to be born in Coat-Armour, leaving the more copi∣ous and exact handling of them to the consi∣deration of Physicians, Chirurgions, and Ana∣tomists professed, to whose consideration they do more properly appertain.

The head in Latin is called Caput, because it is the chief and principal beginning of the whole fabrick of the body, and withal the no∣blest of all other the members thereof.

In the head do the two principal faculties of the sould rest, viz. the Intelligent and Sentient, and do there execute their functions, albeit that the vegetable faculty also hath his operation there, but the other two do reign and chiefly predominate therein: therefore it is the seat and residence of all the senses, as well internal as external, placed in the head, and that for good cause; for since that the faculty Intelli∣gent understandeth not in any other sort than

by inspection of imagination and imaginary shapes, which are engendred of external forms, and are by the outward senses conveyed to the phantasie or image conceived in the mind. Most wisely therefore hath God there placed the seat and wisdome of all the senses, where the mind hath her being, that so she need not go farr to seek those imaginary forms whereof she is to consider, to understand and dispose of accord∣ing to order.

Therefore inasmuch as the senses are become serviceable to the mind, there the seat or resi∣dence of the senses is most fitly placed, where the mind doth exercise her offices and operati∣ons.

From the same head do proceed all the nerves and sinews wherewith each bone and member, as also the universal body is conjoyn∣ed and fastened together, and consolidated, and also receiveth increase, and being. In the head is placed the principal part of manly form, the Visage, whereby the differeth from all o∣ther Animals, and doth far surpass them in fa∣vour and comliness; whereof the Poet rightly wrote in these words,

Finxit in effigiem moderantûm cuncta deorum. Prona{que} cùm spectent animalia caetera terram, Os homini sublime dedit, coelumque tueri Iussit, & erectos ad sidera tollere vultus.

Ovid. Met. 1.

—fixt the form of all th'all-ruling Deities. And whereas others see with down cast eyes, He with a lofty look did man endue, And bade him Heavens transcendent glories view.

Forasmuch as God would that the faculties, both intelligent and sentient, should predomi∣nate in the head; therefore did he form and ac∣commodate therein instruments well fitting for either use: Of these instruments there are on∣ly two sorts, whereof the first containeth the instruments of the inferiour senses, and the o∣ther of the outward.

The instruments serving for the use of the external senses (whereof there is use in Ar∣mory) are not many; therefore will I handle them as I shall find use of them in Coat-Ar∣mour: the rest I will only name, and so pass them over as impertinent to my purpose. These instruments of the external senses are in num∣ber five, that is to say, the eyes, nostrils, ears, mouth, with the roof and palate thereof, and the tongue. Of these I find only the eyes born in Coat-Armour, therefore of them only will I treat something in their due place, as those that are best known to use.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, three Moors heads cou∣ped, Sable, banded about the heads, Gules, by the Name of Tanner; and is the Coat of Iohn Tan∣ner of Court in Cornwall, Esq

Or, 3 Moors heads couped, Sable, banded about the heads, Argent, is born by the Name of Mico of London.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a Cross, Gules, between four Black-moors heads couped at the shoulders, proper, by the Name of Iuxon. This with the Arms of Vlster, is the Coat-Armour of Sir William Iuxon of Little Compton in Glocester∣shire, Baronet.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cheveron, Sable, be∣tween four Black-moon heads couped, proper, by the Name of Iues. I find that some have given this Coat-Armour another blazon thus, He beareth Argent, a Che∣veron between 3 Jews heads couped, Sable; but then I take it the Bearers name should have its Othography thus, Iewes.

Now I will shew you a rare, yet an ancient bearing of Childrens heads couped, enwrapped about the necks with Snakes.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Cheveron between 3 Childrens heads couped at the shoulders, Ar∣gent, their Peruques, Or, enwrapped about the necks with as many Snakes, proper, by the Name of Vaughan. It hath been reported (how truly I cannot say) that some one of the Ance∣stors of this Family, was born with a Snake a∣bout his neck; a matter not impossible, but yet very unprobable: Ideo quaere.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cheveron, Gules, be∣tween three Peruques, Sable. This Coat stand∣eth in one of the Win∣dows of New-Inn Hall without Temple-barr in London. Clodius (sir∣named Comatus, be∣cause of his long hair) having attained the Go∣vernment of the Stern in the Kingdom of France, at his first coming to the Crown, did institute, a Law, That the French men should in common wear their hair long in taken of liber∣ty. And so contrariwise shaving off the hair was a sign of servile bondage: For the Romans (saith France de Rosiers) did institute by a publick Edict, that the hairs of bondage should be shaven in token of bondage. But as hairs change according to time, so it is the part of a a wise man (saith Farnesius) to conform him∣self to the mutability of times and seasons.

[illustration]

He beareth barry Ne∣bule of six pieces, A∣zure and Argent, on a Chief of the second 3 eyes, Gules, by the Name of de la Hay of Ireland. The eyes hath God formed with admi∣rable skill in such sort, as that by them the vi∣sible spirits are transferred to the soul. For by them, as it were by Windows, the soul doth apprehend the forms and kinds of things co∣loured by way of attraction; therefore to the end the same might be the more commodious∣ly performed, first of all, he made them slip∣pery and round, that they might more easily move and stir every way, and so apprehend the colours of all sorts of things which are either a∣bove, below, on the right hand, or upon the left, as it were in a moment. He would that the eyes should consist of three distinct humors, to wit, of a watery or whitish humour, of a glassie and a christaline humor; and those seve∣red each from other with most thin films or skins, to the end that they should be capable of the species or kinds of colours. In the midst of these there is a little ball (as it were) which we call the ball, or apple of the eye, as it were a certain hole, through which the sight hath its passage; by which, as through a little win∣dow or casement, the visible spirits of the soul are sent forth to their objects, and also the species or kinds of colours are received inward, and conveyed to that we call sensus communis or the phantasie (which is seated in the fore∣part of the brain) by means of sinews that do bring sight to the eyes.

God hath annexed those two nerves or si∣news, as the Wagons of the shapes and re∣semblances received into the eyes, to be con∣veyed to the phantasie: which sinews, albeit there are two of them annexed to each eye, nevertheless, when they are protracted to the brain, they do joyn together and end in one point, for this end and purpose, that the shapes that were twofold in the two eyes, they should yet end in one, forasmuch as the conceived shapes are simply of one colour, and that so the Judge of the Sensus communis; or the phan∣tasie should not be deceived.

Furthermore, he hath covered the eyes with lids, as it were with folding doors, both for a defence against harmful objects, and more specially for sleep, that these being shut, man might take his rest and sleep.

These are the means and instruments of sight, that is to say, of the eyes, whereof who can attain the knowledge of the exact workmanship of them?

The rest of the beforementioned external instruments, viz. the Nose, Ears, Mouth, with the Roof and Palate thereof, and the Tongue, I do pass them over, as not being of any, or (at the least) frequent use in Armory, but as they are parts of the head, and therewith uni∣ted and conjoyned. After the head and parts thereof, the heart doth challenge the chiefest place, as in Example.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a heart, proper, a Chief, Sable, by the Name of Scambler. If the heart (according to Homer) doth waste and consume in those, that by any ac∣cidental occasion are at∣tached with some vehe∣ment or long lingring sickness; much more must the heart waste in those, which are posses∣sed with the fretting canker of Envy against the prosperity of others, according to that saying, Invidus ipse sibi est longè tristissimu•• hotius; The envious man is a most deadly foe to himself.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, on a Chief, Argent, three hearts, proper, by the Name of Heart. The heart (saith one) is na∣turally shaped long, and not round; to signifie that our thoughts and consultations ought to be long, deliberate, and not hasty and inconsiderate. This is the Fountain, Seat, and Treasury of Life, wherethrough the whole body receiveth the vital spirits; which are (as it were) cer∣tain quickning flames, which by the ministery

of the arteries and veins, are dispersed through∣out all parts of the body, giving thereto life and vigour, and enabling the same to the per∣formance of every action.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Fess, Gules, between three hearts vulned, and distilling drops of blood on the sinister side, pro∣per, by the Name of Tote. These are termed vulned of the Latin word vulnus, which signifieth a wound. This noble Member hath Nature placed in a seat well fitting the dignity thereof, insomuch as it may well be said (according to Aristotle) Natura constituit rem nobiliorem in nobiliori loco, ut cor in medio; To the best part the best place. This is that which of all other parts God requireth us to reserve for him∣self, and to his service, where he saith, My son, give me thy heart; and good reason, since he was pleased to give us his Sons heart, to be pierced to the death for our demerits. And this place may decide their doubt, who make que∣stion whether be the more principal part of a man, the brain or the heart, since God prefer∣reth the heart, as more esteeming the hearty affection of true Charity, than a speculative contemplation void of Christian practice.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a heart between two wings displayed, Or, by the Name of Henry de Wingham. The Anci∣ents used to hang the fi∣gure of an heart with a lace or chain from the neck upon the breast of a man, signifying there∣by a man of sincerity, and such an one as speaketh the truth from the heart, and is free from all guile and dissimula∣tion, and is far unlike those that the Psalmist mentioneth, saying, They give good words with their lips, but dissemble with their heart. Too rife are they found in this Age, whose tongue and heart go two diverse ways. Therefore well is that saying verified of these and like persons, which is usual in the mouths of many men, Mel in ore, verba lactis; fel in corde, fraus in factis; Honey in the mouth, Gall in the heart, and Guile in their actions.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, an arm sinister, issuing out of the dexter point, and extended towards the sinister base in form of a Bend, Gules, by the Name of Cornhill. The arm is a member of the body ordained by Nature for labour: and for that purpose she hath fortified the same strongly with arteries, mus∣cles, and sinews. By the arm therefore is sig∣nified a laborious and industrious man; but that no man should rely on his own, or any other mans power or industry too much, God hath forbidden us to trust to the Arm of flesh.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, three dexter arms con∣joyned at the shoulders, and flexed in triangle, Or, with fist clenehed, Argent. This Coat-Armour pertaineth to the Family of Tremaine of Colacombe in Devon∣shire. These arms and hands conjoyned and clenched after this manner may signifie a treble offer of revenge for some notable injury done to the person or fame of the first Bearer, which to an honest man is no less dear than life; Nam honor & honestas pari passu cum vita ambula∣rent.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, on a Chief, Gules, a hand extended and born trans∣verse the Chief, Argent, by the Name of Main∣stone. The hand is the pledge of friendship and fidelity, which was in ancient times confirmed by shaking of hands; but later times have taken up another fashion, by embracing with the Arms. But the truth is, a handful of that ancient amity is more worth than a whole armful of the new, which now every where consists in words, not in deeds. The hand is the chief working instru∣ment of the body, and of no less comliness than use; Quam multarum artium ministrae sunt, saith Zanchius; of how many Arts is the hand the worker? and it is called manus (according to some) à manando, vel quia ip∣sa è brachio manat, vel quia ex ea manant di∣giti, either for that it proceedeth out of the arm, or for that the fingers proceed out of it. This member is divided into five parts, whereof each one hath a name appropriate to the par∣ticular use thereof; as the Thumb is called

Pollex, quod virtute prae caeteris polleat, for the strength of it. The forefinger is named Index, Quia homo illo digito omnia indicat, for pointing with it. The next is called of the place, Medius, the middle finger. The fourth Anularis, or Ring-finger. The fifth Auri∣cularis, because men use to pick their Ear there∣with.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, three sinister hands con∣ped at the wrists, Gules, by the Name of Mayn∣ard; and is the Coat-Armour of that eminent Lawyer Sir Iohn Mayn∣ard of Gunnersbury in the Parish of Ealing in Middlesex, Kt. Serjeant at Laws to his Majesty K. Charles the Second.

[illustration]

The Field is Pearl, a Cheveron, Saphire, be∣tween three sinister hands couped at the wrist, Ruby. This is the Coat-Armour of the Rt. Honourable William Lord Maynard of E∣stains in England, and of Wicklogh in the King∣dom of Ireland.

In the actions and gestures of the body, of all the members thereof the hand is (as I may say) the most talkative: For it is a usual thing with the most sort of men, by the motion of the right hand to crave silence; when we make any speech or protestation of our selves, we do clap our hands upon our breasts; when we are moved with admiration, we strike our hand upon our thigh; with the hand we do becken and allure unto us, and therewith we do repell and put from us; when we speak to other men, we do extend our hands toward them. The apposition of the finger to the mouth, is a note of silence craved; the striking of the breast with the fist, is a token of sorrow and repen∣tance; the exalting and shaking of the right hand aloft, is usual with military persons when they will notifie any prosperous suc∣cess.

The hand, as it is comly in sight, so is it also of singular use, and an Instrument of many Arts: for by their help there is no invention of mans wit left unattempted and brought to per∣fection; and therefore it is of all other mem∣bers of mans body, the nimblest and most uni∣versal: yet is the same no longer reckoned a part of man, than it can perform her function, as witnesseth Aristole Metaph. Manus non sem∣per est pars hominis, nisi quando potest perfi∣cere opus suum.

The clapping of hands is a token of joy and applause, and hath been in use not only with men of modern times, when they would signi∣fie their consent and approbation; but also with those of ancient time, as we may see when Iehojada the Priest caused Ioash the Son of A∣haziah to be crowned King; Then he brought out the King's Son, and put the Crown upon him, and gave him the Testimony, and they made him King, and anointed him, and they clapt their hands, and said, God save the King.

Anciently the cutting off hands and feet was used for a military punishment, for such as had committed some capital crime meriting death. So we read that Aufidius Cassius, by a new and unexperimented Example, did pu∣nish divers fugitive Souldiers that had abandon∣ed their Captain, by cutting off their hands and feet, a••••irming that such punishment was more exemplary and disciplinable than the put∣ting of them to death, by how much a long and lingering reproachful life is worse than death it self, that giveth a speedy end to all la∣mentable and wretched calamities.

It hath been an ancient custome, that when a Master requireth his servant to perform for him any matter of importance (and would ob∣lige him by taking of a solemn Oath to use his best care and diligence for the effectual accom∣plishing thereof) to cause his servant to put his hand under his thigh, and to take his Oath, as we may see Gen. 24. 2, 3. Put now thy hand under my thigh, and I will make thee swear by the Lord, the God of Heaven, and the God of Earth, that thou shalt not take a wife un∣to my Son of the Daughters of the Canaanites amongst whom I dwell. This Ceremony shew∣ed the Servants Obedience to his Master, and the Masters power over the Servant.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Fess, Sable, between four dexter hands cou∣ped at the wrist, Gules, by the Name of Qua∣tremaine. This was the Coat of Qua∣tremaine Dr. of Physick. The kissing of the hand so much in use with us at this day, may be thought to be an inventi∣on of the latter hatchers; but if we look back into the customs of ancient times, we shall find that it was in use many Ages past, and is by the revolution of time become new again: For what is new (saith Solomon) that hath been informer times. Of this custome of kissing the hand we read as followeth, Many when a thing was lent them, reckoned it to be found, and put them to trouble that helped them. Till he hath received he will kiss a mans hand. And concerning the Antiquity of this action of kissing the hand, you may further read learned Mr. Selden in his Titles of Honour, p. 40.

[illustration]

He beareth barry of six pieces, Or and Sable, over all a Pale, Gules, charged with a womans dugg, distilling drops of milk, proper, by the Name of Dodge. And here, because I find in the Office of Arms a co∣py of the first Grant of this Coat-Armour, and that very ancient, I think it convenient to acquaint the Reader with some particulars of the said Patent, as I there find it; whereby appeareth that Iames Hedingley, then Guyen King of Arms, after recital made of the loyal and valiant service which Peter Dodge, born in the Town of Stop∣worth in the County of Chester, Gentleman, had done to King Edward the first (for as it there appeareth by the Copy, this Instrument beareth date the eighth of April in the 34th. year of that Kings Reign) in divers battels and sieges, for which the said King had remunera∣ted him the said Peter with the Gift of a Seignory or Lordship there mentioned: He (I say) the said King of Arms, after such recital made, doth give and grant unto the said Peter Dodge, that from thenceforth, Il (understand the said Peter) portera son escu d'Or & Sables, barre de six pieces & ung Pale de Gules, avec une mamelle de femme degoullant; for so are the very words and their Orthography, in the Copy of the Patent, which is in French. Thus much whereof I thought fit to present to the publick view, not doubting but the Judicious Reader, by careful observation thereof, may make some good use. The Function of this Member is thus taught us, 2 Esdr. 8. For thou hast commanded the members, even the Breasts to give milk unto the fruit appointed for the breasts, that the thing which is created might be nourished for a time, till thou disposest it to thy mercy.

The Earths Fountains are made to give wa∣ter, and the Breasts of women are made to give suck: But Gentlewomen and Citizens wives are said to be troubled with a perpetual drought in their Breasts, like the Gout that haunteth the rich and wealthy only. By the Teats sometimes are meant the plentiful Fields wherewith men are nourished; as we may read Isai. 32. 12. Men shall lament for the teats, even the pleasant fields, and for the fruitful vines. Like as wholsome and plentiful feeding nourisheth and encreaseth milk: so contrariwise thin diet, sorrow, and grief of mind or sick∣ness, drieth up, and much wasteth the same.

The Prophet Isaiah shewing the untoward∣ness of those that should learn the Word of God, saith, Whom shall he teach knowledge? and whom shall he make to understand the things that he feareth? Them that are wean∣ed from the milk, and drawn from the breasts, Isa. 28. 9. Whereby he sharply reprehendeth their backwardness in Religion, and compa∣reth them to Babes newly weaned from the Breasts.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a man's legg couped at the midst of the thigh, Azure, by the Name of Haddon. The Legg is the member of strength, stability, ex∣pedition, and obedience. It was a custome of the ancient World, that Ser∣vants or Children should put their hand under the thigh of him to whom they should be ob∣liged by Oath. Which Ceremony (as some take it) they used, as well to shew the ready o∣bedience of the Servants and Children towards their Masters and Parents, as also the Jurisdi∣ction and Authority of their Masters and Pa∣rents over them, as I have formerly shew'd, p. 187. So did Abraham cause his Servant to do; and the like Oath also did Israel require of his Son Ioseph.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a man's Legg erased at the thigh, Sable, by the Name of Prime.

In blazoning of Coat-Armour consisting of Leggs born after this manner, I hold it need∣less to mention the bear∣ing thereof in Pale, be∣cause it is natural for a man's Legg to stand up∣right: But if the same be born in any other sort than thus, then shall you make special mention thereof.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, 1 Legg couped below the Knee, Argent, by the name of Shrigley of Ch••∣shire. The Legg being the lowest and lowliest part of the Body, there∣fore do we use the mo∣tion thereof, to shew humility and submission to our Superiours: And of all gestures of the Legg, it is not more pliable to any, than to that whereby we humble our selves before God in kneeling and praying, as if Nature had especially framed our Bodies, as well as our Souls, for that service to him that made us. And in this sense God doth delight in man's Leggs, though he doth not•• (as himself saith) in the strength or beauty thereof. And as the Legg cut off from the Body loseth all his former

strength: so man cut off from God loseth all his grace, power, and felicity, which are on∣ly preserved by our Union with him.

CHAP. XXV.

IN the process of our former Tracts touch∣ing Animals, as well Rational as Irration∣al, we have been very careful to limit eve∣ry several kind of Creatures with his own na∣tural and distinct bounds, forms, and proprie∣ties; whereby it happeneth that such other kinds of living Creatures, as are any way ex∣orbitant from Natures general course and in∣tendment, either for qualities or essence (and therefore wanted a certain place amongst the rest) have been reserved for this last place. And of these are divers sorts; as first Amphibi••, such as live sometimes as if they were Water-creatures, at other times as if they were Land-creatures, as Examples here shall shew.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Bever erected, Sable, devouring a fish, proper, armed, Gules. This Coat standeth in a Glass-win∣dow in an Inn of Chan∣cery called New-Inn∣hall without Temple-Barr near London. The Bever is like an Otter, and both of them are like sly dissembling Com∣panions, who to make their profit, and feed their own bellies, will closely keep good quar∣ter with contrary sides, in affection to neither, but only for their own behoof: therefore I could wish they had one other property of the Be∣ver, which is to geld himself, that so he might escape from his pursuers, who hunt him for his Testicles, which are much used in Physick•• This Bever hath only his Tail fish, and there∣fore keeps that part most in the water: he hath his hinder Leggs like a Swan, and his former like a Dogg, and so swimeth with the one whiles he preyeth with the other.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Fess between three Otters, Sable, by the Name of Lutterel, Sir Iohn Maundevile in his Discourses reporteth, that in the Countrey of China they use Otters for Water-doggs, bred tame among them in great number, which so often as they are com∣manded, go into the waters and bring forth fish to their Masters.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cheveron between three Seals feet erected and erased, Sable. These Arms do pertain to the Town of Yarmouth in Norfolk. The Fins wherewith this fish doth swim, do serve her turn also as feet to go withal upon the Land. The milk of this Seal (or Sea-calf) is very wholsome against the Falling sickness; but she sucketh it out, and spilleth it of envy, that it should not profit any other. To this head of Amphibia all other of like na∣ture are to be reduced.

The second sort of Nature's unnatural Crea∣tures (as I may call them) are B••genera, such as are ingendred of two distinct kinds of Beasts against the prescript of Nature's Order. Of which prodigious kinds of Beasts, as some have been procreated by means of mans idle inven∣tion, and others by casual accident: so are there sundry sorts of Beasts no less unnaturally ingendred, through careless neglect of the se∣parating each sort of Cattel by themselves, and by permitting the Beasts of distinct kinds to sort and feed together confusedly in the time of their heat. Such are those that Vpton calleth Musimones, ingendred of a Goat and a Ram; Tityri, of a Sheep and a Goat; Hybrides, of a wild Boar and a tame Sow; Castorides, Doggs ingendered by a Fox and a Bever; Lyciscus, of a Wolf and a Mastiff, and such like.

These bigenerous Beasts (saith Vpton) may well beseem the bearing of Abbots and Ab∣besses, who bear the Miter and the Cross, which are representations of Pastoral Jurisdiction, but have not the actual exercise thereof; as the Mule and Leopard, having the generative In∣struments of the Horse and the Lion, yet have not the natural use of them: though in this property Abbots and Abbesses have never been very like them, but for the other respect. Whereupon a certain Author hath this say∣ing;

Mulus & Abbates sunt in honore pares:

Mules, Abbots, and Abbesses are alike; They bear the weapons, but cannot strike.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Musimon, Argent. This is a bigenerous Beast of unkindly procreation (like as the Mule before exemplified amongst whole-footed Beasts) and is engendred be∣tween a Goat and a Ram; like as the Tity∣rus is ingendred between a Sheep and a Buck-Goat, as Vpton noteth.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, a Leopard passant gar∣dant, Or, spotted, Sable. The shape of the Leo∣pard bewrayeth his un∣kindly birth, forasmuch as he in all proportion of body is more like the Pardus, aswel in respect of the slenderness of his body, as of his spots, and wanteth the courage notified by the plentiful Mane, wherewith Na∣ture hath invested the Lion, being the express token of his generous and noble spirit. This mis-begotten Beast is naturally an Enemy to the Lion, and finding his own defect of cou∣rage to encounter the Lion in fair fight, he ob∣serveth when the Lion makes his walk near to his Den, which (in policy) he hath purpose∣ly wrought spacious and wide in the double en∣trance thereof, and narrow in the midst, so as himself being much more slender than the Lion, may easily pass: when he seeth the Lion, he maketh towards him hastily, as if he would bid him battel in the open fields; and when he seeth the Lion prepared to encounter him, he beta∣keth him to his heels, and maketh towards his Den with all celerity, whom the Lion eagerly pursueth with full course, dreaming of no dan∣ger by reason of the large entrance into the Den. At length, through the vehemency of his swift course, he becometh so straitned in the narrow passage in the midst of the Den (by reason he is much bigger bodied than the Leo∣pard) that he can go neither forwards nor backwards. The Lion being thus distressed, his Enemy passeth thorow his Den, and cometh behind him, and gnaweth him to death. Of this Beast, the head is more usually born in Coat-Armour than the whole, and that in a diverse manner, as by these Examples next en∣suing may be seen.

[illustration]

Sable, three Leopards rampant, Argent, spot∣ted, Sable, is the Coat-Armour of Sir Thomas Lynch of Rixton-hall (anciently called the Pele) in the Parish of Great Sonkey in Lanca∣shire, Kt. which came to him by his Mother, Elizabeth Daughter & Heir of Thomas Rixton of the said place, Gent. which said Sir Thomas is descended of the Fa∣mily of the Lynches of Groves in the County of Kent, and is one of the Gentlemen of his Majesties Privy Chamber in Ordinary, and was late Governour of the Island of Iamaica.

[illustration]

Diamond, a Cheve∣ron between three Leo∣pards heads or faces, To∣paz, is the Atchieve∣ment of the Right Ho∣nourable William Earl of Strafford, Baron Wentworth of Went∣worth-woodhouse, New∣march, Oversley and Rabby, Knight of the Garter, and one of the Lords of his Majesties most Honourable Privy Council, &c.

Pearl, a Cheveron, Ruby, between three Leopards heads, Diamond, is the Coat-Armour of the Right Honourable Francis Viscount Newport of Bradford, Baron Newport of High-Ercall, Lord Lieutenant of the County of Salop, Treasurer of his Majesties Houshold, and one of the Lords of his most Honourable Privy Council.

Vert, a Cheveron between three Leopards heads, Or, is the Coat of Sir Barrow Fitch of Woodham-walter in Essex, Kt.

Sable, a Cheveron between three Leopards heads, Argent, is the Coat of Mr. Tho. Hawes of the City of London, Merchant.

Or, a Cheveron between three Leopards heads, Sable, with the Arms of Vlster, is the Coat-Armour of Sir Charles Wheler of Burbu∣ry in Warwickshire, Baronet, anciently of Martin-Hussingtre in the County of Worce∣ster.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Pile surmounted by a Fess between four Leo∣pards heads, Gules, by the Name of Garroway; and is the Coat of Wil∣liam Garroway of the City of Chichester in Sussex, Esq

[illustration]

Gules, on a Bend, Argent, three Leopards heads of the Field, is the Coat-Armour of Colonel Robert Werden of the City of Chester, Comptroller to his Roy∣al Highness Iames Duke of York, and first Lieutenant and Major of his Guards.

Or, on a Bend, Azure, three Leopards heads Argent, is the Coat of Iohn Mingay of Gi∣mingham in Norfolk, Esq

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Fess engrailed, Gules, three Leopards heads, Or, by the Name of Barbon, and is born by Nicholas Barbon of the City of London, M. D. and one of the Colledge of Physicians of the said City.

[illustration]

Azure, two Barrs, Argent, in Chief three Leopards heads, Or, by the Name of Wright; and with the Arms of Vlster, is the Coat-Ar∣mour of Sir Henry Wright of Dagenham in the County of Essex•• Baronet. This Coat is also born by Sir Benja∣min Wright of Cranham-hall in the said Coun∣ty, Baronet.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, two Barrs, Ermyn, in Chief, three Leopards heads or faces, Or, by the Name of Feltham; and is the Coat-Armour of Owen Feltham of Grays-Inn in the Coun∣ty of Middlsex, Esq

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Cheveron, Gules, be∣tween three Leopards heads erased, gardant, Sable, by the Name of Farrington; and is the Coat-Armour of Iohn Farrington of London, Merchant, descended from the ancient Fami∣ly of the Farringtons of Werden near Farring∣ton-heath in Lancashire; a Family that came into England with William the Conquerour, and have since continued in a flourishing condi∣tion, there having been eight Knights of the said Family.

[illustration]

He beareth Verry, on a Pale, Gules, three Leopards heads, Or, by the Name of Ockowld. The Leopard hath a name well fitting his un∣kindly procreation and double Nature: for be∣ing ingendered between the Lioness and the Par∣dus, is thereupon called a Leopard. It is often-times found in the hot Climates, especially in Africa, where, through great scarcity of wa∣ters, many Beasts did often convent together at some River to drink, of whose commixtion many monstrous births have been produced; which gave occasion of that vulgar Proverb, Semper aliquid novi fert Africa; Africa still yields new Monsters.

[illustration]

The Field is Sable, a Leopards head, Argent, jessant, a Flower de lis, Or, by the name of Morley; and is born by Sir William Morley of Halnaker in the County of Sussex, Kt. of the Bath. What jes∣sant is, I have formerly shewed you in the fifteenth Chapter of this third Section, pag. 144. And now I will shew

you three Leopards heads jessant•• the like flow∣ers born in one Escocheon.

[illustration]

The Field is Sable, three Leopards heads jessant, Flowers de lis, Or. This Coat is also born by the Name of Morley, and is the Coat of William Morley of Glinde in Sussex, Esq Some are of opinion that this colour Sable, is the most ancient of colours; and their reason is, for that it appeareth in Genesis, chap. 1. 2. that darkness was before God made light. Here you see this Sable Field charged with Or. And what kind of qualified and conditioned Bearer a Coat-Armour of this colour and metal befit∣teth, I have already declared in the tenth Chapter of this third Section, pag. 107.

Now in the blazon of this next ensuing Es∣cocheon, I in this present Edition shall upon better consideration differ from that which I gave it in my former, Secundae cogitationes saepè sunt meliores.

[illustration]

He beareth Gules, 3 Leopards heads, Or, jes∣sant Flowers de lis, A∣zure, over all a Bend engrailed of the third, by the Name of Dennis. This is that ancient Coat-Armour of that Family, as appeareth in the Cathedral Church of Worcester and Hereford, as also in the Churches of Durham and Auste, and many o∣ther places: nevertheless, some have of late years altered the Flowers de lis into Or, wherein they have much wronged the Bear∣ers, in rejecting the ancient form, which is both warranted by antique Monuments, and no way discommendable, since it is born in the natural colour.

[illustration]

The Field is Gules, three Leopards heads reversed, swallowing as many Flowers de lis, Or. This Coat pertaineth to the See of Hereford. These Leopards heads differ from the former in this, that they are born reversed; of which form of bearing you must take special notice in bla∣zon; as also of the Flowers de lis, which in these are said to be swallowed, and not born.

CHAP. XXVI.

ANOTHER sort there is of exorbitant•• Animals much more prodigious than all the former; such are those Creatures formed, or rather deformed, with the confused shapes of Creatures of different kinds and qua∣lities. These (according to some Authors) are called in Latin Monstra à Monstrando, for foreshewing some strange events. These Mon∣sters (saith St. Augustine) cannot be reckoned amongst those good Creatures that God created before the transgression of Adam: for those did God (when he took the survey of them) pro∣nounce to be valdè bona, for they had in them neither access nor defect, but were the perfect workmanship of God's Creation. And of them Zanchius saith, that Eorum deformitas habet usus, cum & Deo serviant ad gloriam ipsius illustrandam, & electis ad salutem promoven∣dam. If man had not transgressed the Law of his Maker, this dreadful deformity (in like∣lyhood) had not happened in the procreation of Animals, which some Philosophers do call Peccata Naturae, Errors in Nature; Quoniam uatura impeditur in horum generatione, ne pos∣sit quale velit producere Animal. Some ex∣amples in this kind here ensue.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Griffon passant, his wings displaied, Sable, armed, Gules, by the Name of Halton, Leigh in his blazon of this Beast addeth this word Sergreant, in regard of his two-fold form, wherein he doth (as touching his foreparts) participate with the Eagle, and (in the hindmost parts) with the Lion: If that be the cause, then doubtless that term cannot be said to be peculiar to the Grif∣fon, as he would have it, but rather common to whatsoever other Animal of double nature; as the Wiverne, Cockatrice, &c.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a Griffon rampant, with wings displaied, Sable, by the name of Morgan, a spreading Family in Monmouthshire, and ma∣ny of the Welch Coun∣ties: Amongst which are Sir Thomas Morgan of Langattogg, Baronet, William Morgan of Tredegar and Machen, Esq. Thomas Morgan of Penrose, Esq. Thomas Mor∣gan of Lanromney, Esq Iames Morgan of Lantillio-Pertholey, Esq and William Mor∣gan of Wengohen, Esq all in Monmouthshire;

and William Morgan of Newton in Brecknock∣shire; Esq.

Vert, a Griffon rampant, Or, is the Coat of Richard Coleling of Coreley in Shropshire, Esq Principal Secretary to the Right Honourable Henry Earl of St. Albans, Lord Chamberlain of his Majesties Houshold.

Azure, a Griffon sergreant or rampant, Or, is the Coat of Sir Iohn Read of Brocket-hall in Hartfordshire, Baronet. As also by the Name of Cursellis; and by Mr. Iames Cursellis of London, Merchant.

Sable, a Griffon sergreant, Or, is the Coat of the Honourable Society of Grays-Inn, be∣ing one of the four Inns of Court. The erect∣ing of the fore-leggs of this Griffon is an evi∣dent testimony of his readiness for action, which addeth a second force of his attempt, and promiseth a successful event of his enterprise, by reason he uniteth force and industry toge∣ther. The Griffon having attained his full growth, will never be taken alive; wherein he doth adumbrate, or rather lively set forth the property of a valorous Souldier, whose magnanimity is such, as he had rather expose himself to all dangers, and even to death it self, than to become a Captive.

As a Lion rampant is figured erectus, eleva∣tus, mordax ore, radens pedibus; so may a Bear, Griffon, or whatsoever other Animal of fierce nature (as aforesaid) that is shaped in like form and action: For the Lion is not said to be rampant, because he representeth the shape of a Lion, but in respect of his fierce and cruel action; so this in like manner using the same actions, may apertly participate the same terms of blazon, his double shape notwithstand∣ing, Similium enim similis est ratio.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Griffon passant & Chief, Or, by the Name Eve∣lyn, a very spreading and worthy Family in Surrey, Buckingham∣shire, Kent, and else∣where: Of which Fa∣mily are George Evelyn of Blechingley, Esquire, George Evelyn of Wot∣ton, Esq Edward Evelyn of Long••Ditton, Esq George Evelyn of Godstone, Esq and Richard Evelyn of Ebisham, Esq all in the County of Surrey: Also Iohn Evelyn of Sayes-Court in Deptford in Kent, Esq and George Evelyn of Hunters-combe in Bucks, Esq

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a Griffon sergreant, Sa∣ble, within a Bordure, Gules, by the Name of Boys, a Family of good account in Kent, now existing in the persons of Iohn Boys of Fred∣vill in Nonington, Esq Iohn Boys of Botshan∣ger, Esq and Samuel Boys of Hawkes-herst, Esq

[illustration]

He beareth Or, on a Cheveron between 3 Cinque-foils, Azure, as many Escallop shells, Argent, on a Chief, Gules, a Griffon passant, Argent, by the Name of Hawkins; and is the Coat-Armour of Ri∣chard Hawkins of Mar∣cham in Barkshire, Gent.

[illustration]

Sable, a Cheveron between three Griffons heads erased, Argent. This is the Coat of Sir Iohn Cotton of Lan∣wade in Cambridgshire, Baronet.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Cheveron per Pale, Ar∣gent and Or, between three Griffons heads e∣rased, Argent, by the Name of Boume; and is born by Iohn Boume of Morefields in the Parish of St. Leonards Shore∣ditch in Middlesex, Dr. of Physick.

[illustration]

He beareth Per Bend, Or and Gules, three Griffons heads erased, counterchanged on a Chief, Argent, a Flower de lis between two Ro∣ses of the second, by the Name of Rycroft, or Roycroft, who from A∣bivill in Normandy, planted themselves in Lancashire; from whence are derived the several Stems in Shrop∣shire, Cheshire, Devonshire, and London; and is born by Iosiah Rycroft of London, Mer∣chant.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, on a Fess, between three Griffons heads erased, Sable, as many Mullets of the Field, by the Name of Cliffe; and is the Coat-Armour of Al∣lan Cliffe of the City of London, Esq Grand∣child to Allan Cliffe Re∣ctor of Great Whitley in Shropshire, who was one of the younger Sons of Sir Richard Cliffe of in the said County of Salop, who lived tempore Hen. 7.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Wiverne, his wings displaied, and tail now∣ed, Gules, by the Name of Drakes. This word Nowed is as much to say in Latin as Nodatus. This tail is said to be nowed, because it is in∣tricately knotted with divers infoldings, after the manner of a Frette. Like as a Griffon doth participate of a Fowl and a Beast, as aforesaid; so doth the Wiverne partake of a Fowl in the wings and leggs, and with a Snake, Adder, or such other Serpents (as are not of gressible kind, but glide along upon their belly) and doth resemble a Serpent in the tail.

The Poets do feign that Dragons do keep, or (according to our English phrase) sit a∣brood upon Riches and Treasures, which are therefore committed to their charge, because of their admirable sharpness of sight, and for that they are supposed (of all other living things) to be the most valiant. Adag. col. 515. whereof Ovid. Metamorph. 7.

Pervigilem superest herbis sopire Draconem.

The Dragons are naturally so hot, that they cannot be cooled by drinking of water, but still gape for the Air to refresh them, as appeareth Ieremiah 14. 6. And the wild Asses did stand in the high places, they snuffed up the wind like Dragons; their eyes did fail because there was no grass.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Cockatrice displaied, Argent, crested, mem∣bred, and jolloped, Gules, by the Name of Buggine. The Cocka∣trice is called in Latin Regulus, for that he seemeth to be a little King amongst Serpent•• not in regard of his quantity, but in respect of the infection of his pestiferous and poisons•••• aspect, wherewith he poisoneth the Air. Not unlike those devillish Witches, that do work the destruction of silly Infants, as also of the Cattel of such their Neighbours, whose pro∣sperous estate is to them a most grievous eye∣sore. Of such Virgil in his Bucolicks makes mention, saying,

Nescio quis teneros oculus mihi fascinat Agno••••

I know not what wicked eye hath bewitched my tender Lambs.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Reremouse displaied, Sa∣ble, by the Name of Bakster. The Egyptians (saith Pierius) used to signifie by the Rere∣mouse a man that having small means and weak power, either of Nobi∣lity, or of Fortune, or yet•• stored with pregnancy of wit, hath never∣theless stepped up so suddenly, that he might seem not so much to be supported by the earth, at by a sudden flight to be exalted above the same. Sometimes you shall find this Bird born in the form of some Ordinary; for so shall you see them born displaied in Pale, three of them one above another. As in the Ensigns of the Kingdom of India, sorted amongst the Coat-Armours of the innumerous multitude of the great assembly holden at the Council of Con∣stance, Anno Dom. 1414. This little Creature doth partake both with Beast and Bird, in such nearness of resemblance to either of them, as that it may (with reason) be doubted of whe∣ther kind he is. By occasion whereof the taketh advantage in the Battel between Beasts and Birds (mentioned in the Fables of Aesop) to flutter aloft above them, to behold the event of that dangerous fight, with a resolution to in∣cline to the stronger part. Of all Birds (ac∣cording to Pliny) this alone bringeth forth

young alive, and none but she hath wings made of panicles or thin skins. So is she the only Bird that suckleth her young with her paps, and giveth them milk.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, an Harpy with her wings disclosed, her hair flotant, Or, armed of the same. This Coat standeth in Huntington Church. Of this kind of Bird (or rather Monster) Virgil wri∣teth in this manner;

Tristius hand illis monstrum, nec saevior ulla Pestis & ira deûm Slygiis sese extulit undis, Virginei volucrum vultus, foedissima ventris Ingluvies, uncae{que} manus, & pallida semper Ora fame.—

Of monsters all, most monstrous this; no greater wrath God sends 'mongst men; it comes from depth of pitchy Hell: And Virgins face, but wombe like gulf unsa∣tiate hath, Her hands are griping claws, her colour pale and fell.

[illustration]

The Field is Azure, an Harpy displaied, cri∣ned, crowned, and arm∣ed, Or. These are the Arms of the noble City of Norenberga, which, according to some Au∣thors, is scituate in the very Center of the vast and spacious Countrey of Germany. The Harpy (saith Vpton) should be given to such persons as have committed manslanghter, to the end that by the often view of their Ensigns they might be moved to bewail the foulness of their offence.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Mermaid, Gules, cri∣ned, Or, holding a Mir∣ror in her right hand, and a Comb in her left, by the Name of Ellis.

To these must be added Montegres, Satyrs, Monk-fishes; as also Lions-dragons, Lions-poisons, and whatsoever other double shaped Animal of any two or more of the particular kinds before handled.

CHAP. XXVII.

UNTO this will I add some sorts of A∣nimals, which although they be duly shaped, and therefore may seem to a∣gree with those of the same kind formerly treated of, yet do they much differ from them, either in their unnatural postures and gestures; or else being with some liberty-debarring in∣strument by mans industry and invention re∣strained of their natural freedom, as by a chain, or the like; and therefore could not, according to Methods strict rule, have been handled pro∣miscuously among the former. Some few Ex∣amples of this kind of bearing of Animals of this sort in Coat-Armour, I here present unto your view.

[illustration]

He beareth Or, a Lion rampant, ragar∣dant, Sable, armed, Gules, by the Name of Gway the Voyde, some∣time Lord of Cardagan in Wales.

Argent, a Lion ram∣pant, regardant, Sable, is the Coat of Thomas Mathew of Castle-Mengch in Glamorganshire, Esq

Or, a Lion rampant, regardant, Sable, is born by Iohn Lloyd of Keyswyn in Merionethshire, Esq.

This action doth manifest an inward and de∣generate perturbation of the mind, which is meerly repugnant to the most couragious na∣ture of the Lion, Cujus natura est imperterrita, according to the saying, Leo fortissimus bestia∣rum ad nullius pavebit occursum.

The form of bearing of the Lion regardant, albeit in respect of his courage and magnani∣mity it be contrary to his natural quality, for that it may be thought, and is indeed general∣ly holden to be a chief note of timorousness, which is meerly contrary to his generous na∣ture; yet nevertheless it is good Armory, not only in him, but also in all other Animals of like bearing, so long as they are born signifi∣cantly; and it fitteth our profession to inter∣pret all sorts of bearing to the best, that is to say, to the most honour of their Bearers. To the end therefore that I may give some satis∣faction touching the commendable bearing thereof to such as do hold the contrary, I hold the same form of bearing to be born (not only in the Lion, but in whatsoever other Ani∣mals) significantly, and therefore commenda∣bly: forasmuch as such action betokeneth a diligent circumspection or regardful considera∣tion of fore-passed events of things, and com∣paring

of them with things present, that he may give a conjectural ghess of the effects of things yet to come, and resting in deliberation, which proprieties are peculiar to men that are careful and considerate of such businesses as they do undertake.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Lion rampant coward, Purpure, by the Name of Rowch. This is termed a Lion coward, for that in cowardly sort he clap∣peth his tail between his Leggs, which is proper to all kind of Beasts (ha∣ving tails) in case of extremity and fear, than which nothing is more contrary to the magnanimity and noble stomack of the Lion, who will not shrink or be abashed at any encounter, so valiant and re∣solute is he of nature.

Other sorts of bearing of Animals there be, whose natural actions are hindred by reason of the apposition of certain Artificial Impediments; as shall appear hereafter in these next following Escocheons.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Lion rampant, Sable, gorged with a Collar, and a Chain thereto affixed reflexing over his back, Or, by the Name of Meredith. Such form of bearing may signifie some Bear∣er thereof to be capti∣vated by such an one as was of greater power than himself.

No Beast can be truly said to be free that is tied about the neck, which Aristotle observeth, saying, Nullum animal tunc est liberum, quan∣do collum suum vinculis habet solutum.

[illustration]

The Field is Gules, a Boar, Argent, armed, grisled, collared, and chained, Or, tied to an Holly-bush on a Mount in base, both proper. This was the Paternal Coat-Armour of George Ow∣en, Esq. deceased, a sin∣gular lover and an indu∣strious Collector of Antiquities, as Learned Mr. Camden writeth in the description of Pem∣brokeshire. He was owner of the Barony of Keimes in the said County, which, as the same Mr. Camden there noteth, consisteth of twenty Knights fees, and twenty six Parishes over and above the three Boroughs of Newport, Fish∣gard, and St. Dogmaels. By this Mr. Owen's industry the printed Mapp of the said County was, as you may see in the said Mr. Camden's description, composed.

[illustration]

He beareth Sable, a Horse passant, Argent, spanceled on both Leggs of the nearer side, Gules, by the Name of Perci∣vall. Albeit this Horse be now spanceled as you see, yet must you not account him to be of so base and dejected na∣ture, as that he hath been forced to this subje∣ction, but rather won thereunto by tractable usage: for such is the quality of noble Spirits, as that they are rather brought to conformity by gentleness than by severity, according to the memorable saying of Seneca, Generosus ani∣mus facilius ducitur quam trahitur. For it is with irrational Animals as with the rational, who are rather drawn by the Ears than by the Cloak, that is, they are sooner won by per∣swasion than forced by compulsatory means: which being taken in this sense, the imposition of this artificial note of restraint, doth no way derogate from the worth of the Bearer.

In the closing up of this third Section of Ir∣rational Animals, I will note unto you some few Examples (not unworthy your observati∣on) of some other sorts of bearing than have been hitherto spoken of; for that I would not willingly omit any thing worthy of note, that may serve for your better information: For I had rather you were ill furnished at my hands, than that I should leave you altogether disfur∣nished. The things that I purpose to note un∣to you in this place, are briefly these, to wit, That there are some Coat-Armours, whose Fields (besides their grand Charge) do admit some petite Charge to be annexed to the pri∣mer Charge. Others there are, wherein the Field being freed of such petty Charges, the same are imposed upon the Charge it self. Hence it is, that we have so many Lions and other living things born Gutte, Billette, Escalloppe, Pellette, &c. as by this that ensueth in part may be seen.

[illustration]

He beareth Azure, a Lion rampant, between eight cross Croslets fitched, three, two, two, and one, Or, charged on the shoulder with a Crescent, Gules, a Chief of the second, by the Name of Iordane. A like bearing to this (the Chief excepted) hath the Lord Delaware for his second Coat, which is Gules, crusule boton∣ne fitche, a Lion rampant, Argent, by the Name of Laware, which I do note unto you for a further instance of such bearing.

[illustration]

Azure, flory Or, a Li∣on rampant, Argent; and is born by Nevill Pool of Oakley in Wiltshire, Esq

[illustration]

The Field is Dia∣mond, a Lion rampant between eight crosses Croslets, Pearle This Coat-Armour pertain∣eth to the ancient Fami∣ly of Long of Wiltshire: whereof that Honoura∣ble and vertuous Baron∣ness, the Lady Russel, sometime wife to the late Right Honourable and thrice-worthy Sir William Russel, Lord Russel of Thornehaw, deceased, was descended; whose several vertues deserve to be published by a more skilful pen. Yet can I not but shew my dutiful affection unto them for many those honourable respects touching my own particu∣lar.

[illustration]

Or, a Lion rampant between eight cross Croslets, Azure, by the Name of Bo••nel of Nor∣folk.

[illustration]

Argent, Semy de Cinque-foils, Gules, a Lion rampant, Sable is the Paternal Coat-Armour of William Pierrepont of Orton in Huntingtonshire, Esq Brother to the Right Honourable Henry Mar∣quess of Dorchester, &c.

Sable, Semy de Cinque-foils a Lion ram∣pant, Argent, is born by the Name of Clifton.

[illustration]

Azure, flory a Lion rampant gardant, Ar∣gent, by the Name of Holland; and is the Coat-Armour of Sir Iohn Holland of Qui∣denham in Norfolk Ba∣ronet

[illustration]

Sable, a Lion ram∣pant, Argent, debruised with a Bendlet, Gules, by the Name of Churchill, and is born by Sir Iohn Churchill of Churchill in Somersetshire, Kt. descended from the an∣cient Family of the Churchills in the Coun∣ties of Somerset, Devon, and Dorset, flourishing in the Reigns of King Iohn, Henry the Third, and Edward the First.

[illustration]

He beareth Argent, a Lion rampant, Sable, Gutte, Or, by the Name of Bromwich. As this Charge is born Gutte, so shall the careful ob∣server find other Char∣ges born Billette, Pellet∣te, &c.

[illustration]

Sol, Semy de Coeur des hommes, proper, three Lions passant gar∣dant, Jupiter. This Coat was born by Swane King of Denmark, who in the year of our Lord 990. gained the King∣dom, and compelled King Aetheldred to pay him tribute for twenty years, at which time Hardicanutus, the Da∣nish King, deceasing, King Edward was crown∣ed in his place.

[illustration]

The Field is Gules, two Lioncels passant, Ar∣gent, between nine crosses Croslets fitched, Or, an Inescocheon of the second Charged with a sinister hand cou∣ped at the wrist as the first, in Chief one Cres∣scent surmounted by a∣nother (for a difference of a second Brother of a second) by the Name of Acton; and was born by Sir William Acton Knight and Baronet, Alderman of the City of London, who is de∣scended of the Actons of Aldenham in the County of Salop, a Family of good worth and note there. I do here in the blazon mention nine cross Croslets fitched, although the one of them, by reason of the addition of the super∣jacent Inescocheon is little discerned, and ano∣ther of them is by the Crescents somewhat ob∣scured. A like blazon of an undiscerned Charge you may see in Chap. 23. of this third Section in the Coat-Armour of Kingscot, pag. 180. And so concluding this third Section, I will ha∣sten to the next.

The end of the third Section.