The history of France written in Italian by the Count Gualdo Priorato, containing all the memorable actions in France and other neighbouring kingdoms ; the translation whereof being begun by the Right Honourable Henry, late Earl of Monmouth, was finished by William Brent, Esq.

THE HISTORY OF FRANCE. The TENTH BOOK. (Book 10)

The CONTENTS.

The Cardinal Mazarine returns to Paris; Is Received with great Applause: There followes a distribution of several Imployments, and particularly that of the Great Almoner of France unto Cardinal Antonio Barberini. Great Prepa∣rations are made for Warr. The Cardinal Francis Barberini declares himself no Friend to Mazarine: Gives order to his Nephews to leave France; and Marries Don Maffeo to a little Neece of Pope Innocent the 10th. Several Encounters passe in Flanders, wherein the Prince of Conde's Forces are wor∣sted; Monsieur Croissy Fouquet is taken Prisoner. The Count Quincè goes to Command the French Forces in Piedmont. The Savoy Ambassadour is received in France with the Ceremony due to Soveraign Princes. Monsieur de Plessis Besanc̄on is sent by the King of France into Italy; And his Negotiati∣ons with the Duke of Mantua, and other Italian Princes. The Count d'Ognon agrees with the Court; And the Count d'Harcourt submits unto his Majestie's Obedience, after several Treaties. The French Army under the Command of the Marquiss Plessis Balliere, marches into Catalonia, succours Roses, and makes divers Progresses. Gironne besieged by the French, is relieved by the Spaniard. The Mareschal d'Oquincourt is sent to Command the Forces in Catalonia; And his Marches. The Warre in Guienne continues. The Bur∣delois have recourse to England for Relief, but without effect. The King's Forces make a progress in that Province. Preparations are made in Spain to Relieve it: New Divisions, and Factions spring up in Bourdeaux, upon seve∣ral Designs, and Interests. Many of the French do quit the Prince of Conde's Party. The City of Paris Entertains the Cardinal Mazarine with demonstra∣tions of Affection, and Treats him splendidly in the Town-House. Bellagarda besieged, and taken by the Duke of Espernon. The French Army marches into the Field, and takes Rhetel. That of Spain also marches out with Powerful Forces; Enters France; Is waited on by the French: They Encamp for some time with various Success▪ Some Conspiracies in Bourdeaux are discovered. New Recruits are sent from Court into Guienne; and the King's Forces take Bourg, Libourn, and other places, and straighten Burdeaux, the Citizens where∣of make meetings amongst themselves, and desire Peace; There grow some Tu∣mults,

which are quieted by the Prince of Conty. The Treaties are revived; Difficulties are cast in; The Propositions of both Parties are debated severally, and at last the Peace ensues. The Spanish Fleet comes into the mouth of the Garonne, and hearing of the Peace concluded, cast Anchor, and proceed no far∣ther. The Princess of Conde, and the Duke of Anguien, with their Dome∣sti••••, take Ship••i••g, and ••o for Flanders.The Dukes of Vendosme and Can∣da•• enter into ••ourdeaux: Several Places in Guienne return to his Maje∣stie's Obedience. The Marches and Encampings of both Armies, upon the Frontiers of France, and Occurrences happening between the Parties: The Spaniards besiege Rocroy, and the French, Monson, and both the one and the other Town are taken. The Treaty between the Court and Cardinal de Retz is revived, but he refuses all terms of Agreement. A Plot against Cardinal Ma∣zarine is discovered, and the persons guilty are taken, and condemned to death. The Mareschal Grancè goes to Command the French Army in Piedmont, there is a great Fight between the Armies at Rochetta del Tanaro. The Spanish Fleet leaves the Seas of Guienne, and returns into Biscay without effecting of their purpose. The Siege and taking of Saint Menhaud: The Motions of Car∣dinal Mazarine. The Prince Marries the Countess Martinozzi, Niece to the Cardinal. The Imprisonment of the Duke of Lorrain. The Treaties of the French with the Protector Cromwell, the Duke of Mantua, and the Duke of Modena. The secret Negotiations about the Duke of Guise his going into the Kingdome of Naples.

THE Cardinal Mazarine came into Paris upon the Third of February, about Two •• clock in the Afternoon, Honoured by the King himself, the Duke of Anjo••, and all the Court, who went to meet him two Leagues out of the City.

His Majesty received him with extraordinary tenderness of Affection, took him into his own Coach, and entred by the Port of San Deny, through a great throng of People, and brought him along with himself into the Louvre, where his Lodgings were provided (as being first Minister of State) near to his Majesty, where he was forthwith Visited by the Body of the City, and by all the other Orders, and Magistrates, who acknowledging to have re∣ceived by his means singular Benefits, and that all France was highly obli∣ged unto him for his Conduct, testified the Content they took at his Fortu∣nate Return. It was notwithstanding thought by many, That by how much the greater shews of Love were made outwardly, so much the less was the Affection which was really born unto him; there being no hatred so intense and dangerous, as that which shrouds it self under the mask of simulation. But I who have with an exact diligence and long experience, endeavoured to instruct my self in the Nature of those Persons of whom I write, may to the glory of France say, I have not met with any People less given to dis∣sembling than they are, who being open and free of speech, as they think little of what is past, so they consider nothing of what's to come; all their Faculties being wholly taken up with intending onely the instant of the pre∣sent time. Whosoever therefore shall consider the Injuries and Scorns, which were in September before done to the Cardinal's Name, and Memory, in Paris, and what were now the Honours, and Welcome which he received there in February following, will know, this only can be said, That the Price of 50000 Crowns set on his head, and all the Scorns and Contempts cast upon his Reputation, were onely the Effects of a Passion, which being wisely dis∣sembled by this Cardinal, served afterwards to let them see his good, and just Intentions, and made him at last triumphant overall his Persecutions, and rendred his Ministry Glorious to all Posterity.

The same Night his Majesty kept him to Supper with himself, in the Lodg∣ings of the Mareschal de Villeroy; that Night were many Bone-fires made, and the next day as he returned from Mass, he cast some Money amongst the people, as he had done the day before upon the way in the Countrey as he passed along: And the Visits which he received from the Grandees at Court and other particular Persons of all Orders and Conditions, being over, he betook himself unto the management of the Affairs of the Crown. The same day there came to Paris also his three Neeces, who had been alwayes with him, who were also met out of the Port of St. Honorè, by the Princess of Carignan, the Marshal of Guebran his Lady, the Marchioness of Ampous, and several other Ladies of Quality. These Ladies were also Lodged in the Louvre, in a Quarter apart over the Queens Lodgings.

The King since his return had not done any thing in the distribution of Offices, and Charges, either Ecclesiastical, or Secular, (although many were void, and there were a great number of pretenders) being desirous to expect the Cardinal's coming, and to give him the Honour of disposing them, as he who was best informed of each man's merit; whereby he made himself also to be much more observed, whilest every man being in hope to be rewarded according to his merit, became more ready, and careful, in the Service of his Majesty,

He had notwithstanding of himself passed the Edicts for New Impositions, and done all other things which were like to prove displeasing to the People, because (had it been done after the Cardinal's Return) it might seem to have been done at his sollicitation, whereby those Crimes would have been afresh imputed to him; whereof he had formerly, though without cause, been esteemed guilty. But there remaining unto him now by the special Favour of his Majesty, the disposition of the Church Benefices, and divers other Offices, and Charges of the Court, and Kingdome, he began presently to make a distribution of them, among such persons as he esteemed best deser∣ving, and fittest for the Imployments; reserving notwithstanding a good part of them undisposed, that he might keep up the hopes of such as were for the present disappointed of Imployments.

To the Count Servient, who was a Minister of State of great Wisdome, well deserving of the Crown, and most Affectionate to his Majestie's Ser∣vice, in which he was grown old, having spent his time in the manage∣ment of sundry Charges to the advantage of the Publick, he gave the Office of super-Intendant over the Finances, vacant by the death of the Marquiss of Vienville, with whom was joyned Monsieur Fouquet, Procureur General, who was also made Minister of State; a Person of great Merit for his conti∣nued Loyalty to his Majesty, to whom upon all occasions (and particularly in the Translation of the Parliament to Pontoise) he•• ••ad rendred very par∣ticular Service, so as there was then seen at the same time two super-Inten∣dants of the Finances, as there was also a Chancellor, and a Keeper of the Great Seal, a thing seldome practised, although the like hath been before du∣ring the Ministry of the Cardinal Richelieu.

To these Super-Intendants, were also added four Intendants of the Finan∣ces, who were the Monsieurs Paget, Boisleue, Housset, and Brisaccier, he took also good order for payment of the King's Revenues, to the great ease, and satisfaction of the Farmers of them.

Cardinal Anthonio Barberini coming about that time to Paris, the Dignity of Great Almoner of France, vacant by the death of Cardinal Richelieu, Archbishop of Lions, was conferred upon him by the means of Mazarine, who endeavoured to give testimony of his gratitude, and to oblige him more strictly to the Crown, as conceiving his protection in Rome, necessary unto

the Interests of France; the Cardinal Francisco his Brother being accounted averse to them, by whom ill offices had been then lately done unto his Ma∣jesty by Letters, censuring the Conduct, and direction of Affairs.

It was reported in Court, That this change in Cardinal Barberini, was be∣cause he was gained by the Pope, and Spaniard, upon the hope of restoring to him the Profits of the Ecclesiastical Benefices of Naples, and Sicily, and the Money sequestred in Rome, when the Pope pretended by calling him to ac∣count, to undo the House of Barberini.

That which moved the Pope to a re-union with the Barberins, was, because having not long to live, he thought not fit to leave a lasting Feud between his own Relations, and that Family, which was still powerful in Rome; and the Spaniards also desired the same, that they might take off the dependence of that Family upon France, and find no opposition from them, upon the Election of a new Pope.

The Cardinal Francisco therefore being transported with this hope, be∣cause he had no other pretext, made use of this, That he had been neglected in France, the Cardinal Mazarine having married his own Niece to the Duke Mer∣coeur, without concerning himself to find a party for his Niece, as he might have done; And seeming to resent this highly, he commanded the Abbot his Nephew, who was at Lions, to take away privately the Prince Praefect and all his Family from thence, causing them to retire into Italy near Vin∣cenza; and this he did whilest Cardinal Anthonio was in Paris, without gi∣ving him the least notice of it.

This sudden Resolution appeared strange in France, and the rather, be∣cause there had been alwaies a good intelligence between that Baberini and Cardinal Mazarine, unto whom he had proposed some years before the Marriage of one of his Nieces, Colonel Vaini her Cousin being sent into France about it, and the thing had been agreed by his Majestie's consent, and Writings drawn up touching the Marriage.

After this Reconciliation of Cardinal Barberini with the Pope, that this Union with that House might be more firm, there was a Marriage concluded between Don Maffeo Barberini, then the Abbot, and a little Niece of the Pope, in consideration of which Marriage the Prince Prefetto was promoted to be Cardinal, and renounced the Inheritance unto his said Brother the Bride∣groom.

The Bishoprick of Poictiers, worth about 30000 Crowns yearly, was also given to the said Cardinal Anthonio, the same being void by the death of Monsieur Rocheposay an Excellent Prelate who had enjoyed that Dignity 40 years; and had in two important occasions preserved that Countrey to the King, himself with a halfe Pike in hand followed by the people, who were much devoted •••• him, standing in opposition to the Nobility, who in the former Wars had taken Arms for the Queen-Mother of the late King, and intended to seize upon that great City, as is written in the History of those times, and now at last shewed a great Loyalty in preserving it by his gene∣rous Actions for his Majesty; as also did the Marquiss his Nephew, who was Lieutenant General of Poictou, who without any regard of the Expence, went to meet, and serve the King, when he came into that Province with a good number of Gentlemen, and kept open house for the Court two moneths together.

The Bishop had another Nephew, an Abbot, Brother to the Marquiss, a person replete with virtuous qualities, it was great reason that for the me∣rits of the Brother, of the whole Family, and for those also of the Abbot him∣self, that Dignity should have been conferred upon him, and the Court esteeming likewise that 'twas just intended to gratifie him with it: But in

Governments it happens often, that Princes, and their Ministers, are by emer∣gent occasions enforced to prefer Publick Interest; before the satisfaction of private persons; and the Abbot, after the hopes given him thereof, for a year and a half, was at last excluded, without the least cause on his part gi∣ven for his being deprived of it: The Abbot notwithstanding acquiesced without resentment unto the King and Cardinal's pleasure, preferring his Majestie's Satisfaction before any particular concernments of his own; and that no suspicion might be had that he intended to engage himself amongst the Malecontents, retired himself, and went to make his residence in Rome; comforted in this, That both his merit, and the wrong done to him, were publickly notorious. The Cardinal Anthonio being informed of the great Worth of the Abbot, condoled with him, and by an Act suitable unto the generosity of his nature, declared a readiness to make a resignation thereof to him; but he with a greatness of mind equal to such an offer, returned him thanks, and refused to accept of it; And with Patience, which is the Scene of all the Virtues, considered, that the Favours of Princes though slow, are like the soft and gentle motion of benign Planets, which fail not in due season to communicate their influences unto the bodies which they govern.

The Archbishoprick of Lions was given to Monsieur Villeroy, Brother to the Mareschal of France, a Person of Eminent, and singular Parts: Of many other Ecclesiastical Benefices, and Abbeys which were void, Mazarine (though he gave promises to several) yet refused to dispose any, that he might keep all in hopes, and consequently make them more obsequious, and that he might be alwaies master of something, whereby to reward and gra∣tifie those, who should best serve him to his satisfaction; which was a thing very ill taken by divers, who thinking they had sufficiently merited by their long patience, could not without much trouble suffer this delay, and exclaiming against this Maxime, said, The Cardinal was like him, who g••ve not the Medicine till the Patient was dead. The Duke of Guise, and the Mareschals de Turenne, and Grammont, were about the same time made Ministers of State, as well in reward of their Services, as for their great Capacities, and Wise∣dome.

And now the King leaving the Reins of the Government wholly unto the Cardinal's management, to avoid Idleness gave himself unto those sprightly Exercises, which are commonly most suitable unto the Lively Chearfulness of Generous Youth; that was unto a wondrous Ball, danced often by his Majesty, and several other great Cavaliers, with general Applause, and Commendation, in the great Hall of the Petit Bourbon, excellently set out, and adorned by Scenes, and Machines, invented by Giacomo Torrelli an Ita∣lian, his Majestie's Engineer, to which being very much assisted therein by Signior Ascunio Amaltei, a famous Priest; it was danced the first time upon the 23. of February at Night, in presence of the Queen; of all the Princes, Princesses, Grandees of the Court, and Ministers of For••ain Princes.

It was divided into four parts, or nights, wherein there were Forty three Acts, or changes, all of them so extreamly splendid, both for the novelty of what was represented, the goodness of the matter therein recited, the Sumptuous Magnificence of the Cloaths, and Gracefulness of all the persons who acted in it; that the Spectators had been at a stand unto which they should have attributed most of Gallantry, had not the King like to a Radiant Sun behind a Cloud, from the disguise of those Habits, shot forth such Rayes of his Majestick Looks, and graceful Action, as dazeling the Eyes of all, en∣forced them with just reason to acknowledge, that there was none could equal the Grace, or Majesty of his deportment.

In the beginning of the Action fire catched accidentally upon the Hang∣ings which were before the entrance on the Stage, and was like to have disturbed, and confounded the whole order of it, but the fearless Courage of his Majestie, and care of those who had charge of ordering things, resto∣red all forthwith to its pristine quiet; And this was taken for a Presage of what should follow; like to the Auguries of the Assyrians and Persians, who regulated all their Enterprises, by the Omens gathered from that Element.

Truly those who made this Observation were not deceived, because the day before that very night, the Count Beauvais Lieutenant General of his Majestie's Forces in Champaigne, having notice that the Prince of Conde being come to Stenay, had lodged about 1400 Horse and Foot in the Village of Therme, marched thither privately, and about an hour after midnight, fell upon them with so much fury, that more than 300 Foot and 200 Horse were taken prisoners, and the rest with the Count de Briol, Commander, by the darkness of the night made shift to disperse, and get away.

This good Military Rencounter was attended by another Fortunate Suc∣cess in Civil Matters, of no slight consequence, which was, the Commit∣ment of Monsieur Croissy Fouquet, a Counsellour of Parliament, one of the Prince of Conde's part, and who had been a great Stickler amongst the Fa∣ction des Frondeurs, which was raised against the Cardinal. He was taken in Paris, not so much because he was a banished person, as for holding pri∣vate intelligence with the Prince of Conde, and because he had made use of a pretended Pass from Court, to Treat, and Advertise him what passed, and manage a new Cabal with those of the Prince's party. He had alwaies shewed himself a bitter Enemy of the Cardinal's; and it being thought a matter of importance unto the settlement of his Majestie's Authority, that some ex∣ample should be made, and especially of some Member of Parliament, there was a resolution taken to make his Process. Upon which he desired to be brought from the Bois de Vincennes, unto the Bastile, where he thought the Parliament (amongst whom he had much credit, and many Friends) would favour him; there were assigned Commissaries for judging of him, and the Monsieurs de L••sco, and Bison, were appointed to draw his Process; but he continuing firm not to answer elsewhere but in Parliament, necessitated the Court to condemn him as a Mute; which being a thing extraordinary in France, and that which was against him being onely grounded upon con∣jecture, against which he made good defence, made them resolve to remand his Process to the Parliament, either because he might answer before his natural Judges; or because the Cardinal being of a sweet Nature, was loth to put things to extremity; in vertue whereof the Chancellor, and first Pre∣sident having sent for, and examined him, and finding that there was more of suspition than proof against him, upon the Report they made thereof un∣to the Cardinal, and by reason of the continual instances made by Croissy, That he might be judged by the Parliament, it was resolved to free him, upon condition he should remain in Italy, until the Prince had made his Peace, or that the King should recal him. This Example above all shewed the Cardi∣nal's moderation, there having been no person of the whole Party, who had more violently acted against him. Monsieur Courtin, a Maistre de Requeste, was also at the same time imprisoned as a Complice, and Friend unto Croissy, but defending himself with Wit, and Spirit, was released.

There were also taken prisoners in Champaigne upon the Road to Paris, the Monsieurs de Vineuil, and Ioly, with forged Passes, accused for going to Pa∣ris with Letters of Credence and Instrctions, to form some new Party against his Majestie's Service, to scatter Libels defamatory against the Court, and his Government, to raise Sedition amongst the People, and to engage the Friends

and Kindred of the Cardinal de Retz, into the Prince of Conde's Faction; and also with other Dispatches, containing the wayes they were to use for Treating to this purpose, as well within as without the Kingdome. They were strictly kept, and their Release absolutely denyed unto the Prince of Conde, and the Commanders of the Spanish Army, who pretended they were Prisoners of Warr, and as such required them from Count Vaubecour, Governour of Cha∣lons, threatning to use the same Treatment to others, as was shewed to them. The King denied absolutely to give allowance to those Protests, declared their Crimes, and shewed, That Rebels could never be comprehended amongst the number of prisoners of Warr; that therefore if any breach of Quarter should be offered unto those Prisoners which the Spaniards had in their hands, it should be corresponded unto in the same terms, against those of their Party who were Prisoners with his Majestie.

There were also several other persons of inferiour Rank seised, who against the King's Edicts took the boldness of coming into Paris, being of the Prince's Party.

The Preparations for the next Campagne were after made, and divers Sums of Money were delivered by the Cardinal to Colonels, and Captains of the old Troops for Recruits, and to others for new Levies; he thought fit also to have a Strength of German Horse, and gave the Care thereof unto the Count Neunteil, Monsieur de Milet, Contery, and others, who went for that purpose into Germany, as was also done in the Country of Li••ge, by th•• Counts of Grand Pre, and Beauvais.

And forasmuch as Piedmont seemed to be much threatned by the loss of Casal, and the Preparations for Warr made by the Spaniard in the State of Milan, where they expected several Recruits of Souldiers, both from Naples, and Germany, the Duke of Savoy therefore reiterated his D••si••es, That he might either be assisted by a considerable strength of Souldiers, or permitted to agree upon a Neutrality with Spain: There were therefore sent from the Court of France into Piedmont, 4500 Foot, & 1500 Horse, who passed happily in May unto Annore for the recruit of the Count de Quinc••, Commander General of the French Forces in those Parts, there being no Mareschal of France sent to Command them.

And in regard the Spaniards continued still their Negotiations begun long before in the Court of Savoy, either to gain them to their party, or at least to perswade them unto a Neutrality, upon Terms very advantageous which they proposed, some Minister of Piedmont seeming to be well inclined thereto; his Majesty therefore dispatched Monsieur au Plessis Besanzon, Lieutenant Gene∣ral of his Army, a Person of great Understanding, and profound Judgment, unto the Princes of Italy with the Title of his Envoy, to Treat upon all Affairs and Concernments in those Countries.

Besanzon taking leave of their Majesties, and the Cardinal, (who were then at Fountain Bleau) in the beginning of May, went forthwith unto Turin, where having first assured the Duke of his Majesty's intentions to maintain the Treaty at Chierasco, and to protect alwayes that State with the speedy supply of a strength of Souldiers, and Considerable Officers; He went after unto Casal, where the Duke of Mantua then was, where being received with such Honours as are due to such as are Ambassadours, he reduced his Negotiation unto two Heads; The One, That his Majesty should be satisfied touching the In∣terest of Casal, so as that Town might not either by surprise, exchange, or otherwise howsoever, come into the Spaniards hands. And the other, Touching the Inte∣rests which the Ministers of Spain, under the Duke of Mantua's Name, might have against Monferrat held by Savoy, the King being ready to pay effectively the Sum contained in the Treaty of Chierasco, on behalf of the House of Savoy.

The Duke answered unto these Propositions, That he acknowledged this come∣ing of Monsieur Du Plessis, as a particular Favour to him, being a Person in whom he should confide, who as a Prudent Man, being informed of the necessity which had obliged him to get into the possession of his Towns, and being satisfied that no Acci∣dent whatsoever should alter him from that Devotion which by reason of infinite tyes, and obligations, he professed towards his Christian Majesty, would also, as he hoped, be so kind to him, as to perswade his Majesty, That with the hazard of his Life, and Fortunes, and that also of all his Subjects, he would maintain the possession of those his Towns, against the Spaniards, and all other persons whatsoever.

That although perhaps the Money for maintenance of the Garrison might come out of the King of Spain's Purse, that yet he neither could, nor did acknowledge it from any other hands, than those of the Empresses his Aunt, and Sister, under whose authority the Treaty was concluded.

That as soon as ever he should be again possessor of that part of the Countrey which with too ••pparant an Injustice was kept from him by the Savoyard, and that he could freely make use of those Rents, as formerly he had done, without being prejudiced by that Treaty, against which he had so often protested as a thing never approved of by the House of Mantua, he would then maintain the Garrison, without assistance from any other, and therefore he conceived that for the accomplishment thereof, it were more proper to send unto the Court of Savoy, and imploy his Majestie's Authority with them, That they should without contradiction restore what they withheld, which h•• desi•• •••• alwayes to obtain rather by friendly means then by the way of force, where∣by the Peace of Italy (a thing so much at all times desired, and endeavoured by the House of Mantua) might be preserved; it being very clear by what had passed, unto any that shall make impartial reflexions thereupon, who had been the disturbers of it. That the S••m offered could not be accepted, the Treaty not being consented un∣to a•• aforesaid; and although those Articles should have been binding, yet they were then to have been performed when the places had not been enjoyed by Savoy, and not now when the Mean Profits of those places have been so long enjoyed by them, without account.

Monsieur du Plessis had already declared unto the Duke, and the Marquiss de La V••ll his principal Minister, That satisfaction could not be given to France, otherwise then by putting Casal and Monferrat in the same condition they were in before his Highness had made use of the Spaniard to cause the French to quit the possession of it; but having found by the Answers he had received, as well by word of mouth, as writing, that 'twas a thing not to be hoped for, and conceiving that it might be a sufficient satisfaction to his Majesty (consi∣dering the importance of the place) that it should be well fortified and pro∣vided of an ordinary Garrison, that might be of a Nation, whose interest it was that the Spaniard might not upon any pretence whatsoever be let in there; he resolved to try what might be done, and proposed, That for the effecting this, a Garrison should be placed there, the one moyety of the Duke's Subjects, and the other moyety of Swisses, drawn from the Catholick Can∣tons, to be under his Highnesse's Authority and Command, to be paid the one moyety by the Christian King, and the other by the other Princes and Potentates of Italy, his Confederates, who were also interessed in the Affair, under such reasonable conditions as should be adjusted, that the Duke might be at no expence, till the General Peace between the Crowns were conclu∣ded, and yet not be enforced to take money from the Spaniard, a thing ill taken by those who had so oft maintained the Town against them, which might give occasion of many inconveniencies, absolutely contrary unto the quiet of his Subjects.

There was at the same time with the Duke Monsieur Iean Coxens, Secre∣tary unto the Empress his Aunt, who came post, sent thither expresly by both the Empresses, to have an eye unto these Treaties.

The Duke having communicated this Proposition unto that person, he protested, That both his Aunt, and Sister, would have great occasion to complain, should be hearken to it; because they being obliged by promise unto his Catholick Majesty, that the Place should be alwayes kept free in the disposal of his Highness, and having thereupon procured from him a maintenance for the Garrison, there should be so little credit given to them, who were so much concerned for the main∣tenance of his House, and States, the Interests whereof they had espoused alwayes as their own; and it would also be ill taken, that whilest his Highness desired the In∣vestiture of Monferrat from the Emperour, he should receive into the same a Gar∣rison or Money from any other Prince, without his Imperial Majestie's know∣ledge, and consent, especially having herein disgusted the said Empresses, his Aunt, and Sister.

The Answers therefore of the Duke stuck to this Point, That when his Countries which were unjustly detained from him by Savoy, should be restored, he should then be able out of those Revenues, without any others assistance to secure himself, and keep those his Towns; and this being a thing well known to Monsieur Du Plessis, he doubted not but he would in his great Iudgment, upon consideration approve it, as the best Expedient, and represent it favourably to his Majesty, with the assurance of his most humble duty and respects, which he was resolved to pre∣serve alwayes inviolably towards him.

This Answer gave no satisfaction to Du Plessis, who perceiving the effect of his Propositions to be desperate, after he had received many Honours, and demonstrations of Respect towards his Person, parted from Casal, refusing those Presents which the Duke's Generosity had destined for him, and re∣turned unto Turin, from whence he gave account of his Negotiations to the King his Master; thence he went to Genoua, where he Negotiated with that Republick, unto their mutual satisfaction, from thence he took his way to Parma, and Modena, with the like success, and at last came to Venice upon the 24th of Iuly.

The substance of his Negotiations was to let those Princes understand of what importance it was, to have Pignorol kept in the French hands, that the Treaty of Chierasco should be observed, and that the Duke of Mantua should be forced to give satisfaction unto his Christian Majesty, touching the business of Casal, for avoiding of great stirres which might be much more dangerous to the quiet and liberty of Italy, when the King should be forced to march with his Forces into the heart of Lombardy, which he should other•• wise be absolutely forced to do.

The Command of the Army against the Spaniard in Flanders, was after∣wards conferred upon the Mareschal Turenne, and the Marquiss d'U••••elles, the Count Beauvais, and the Monsieurs Castlenau, and St. M••r, all Persons of great Experience, and high Repute, were appointed his Lieutenant Generals. There were sent under the Command of the Mareschal d'Oquincourt 7500 men, Horse and Foot, into Rousillon, and Catalonia, and the Count d' Ognon, being at last prevailed upon by the Bishop of Xantes, (a Person of Eminent Condition, and who had long before Treated with him): upon honourable and profitable Terms voluntarily quitted the Governments he held, as Lieu∣tenant General to the Queen, in the Pais d' Aunais, the Isles of Oleron, and Rea, and the most Important Town of Brou••ges, receiving in lieu thereof the sum of 530000 Franks, and a Patent for Duke, Peer, and Mareschal of France.

This Cavalier's Mind was wrought upon by this discourse, that not being able to maintain himself, he must either put himself under the Protection of the Spaniard, or the English, or else return to the Obedience of his Ma∣jesty.

Upon this consideration knowing well that he should at last become a prey to those who did support him, and being sensible that 'twas the part of a Wise man not to expect till he were brought unto necessity, he thought 'twas better to restore himself with safety to his Countrey, then expose himself unto the danger of a Precipice to the eternal dishonour of his Name, and Fa∣mily.

The Lieutenancy of the said Governments were conferred by his Majestie upon Monsieur d' Estrade, a Person of known Experience and Loyalty; the Government of Brouges upon Monsieur de Champ••••e••ry; the Fort of Oleron up∣on Monsieur de Saint Leonard; the Fort of Preda in the Isle of Oleron upon Monsieur de Louches, and the Towers of Rochel upon Monsieur d' Aunais, all of them the Cardinal's Confidents, to whose direction Fortune favourably corresponding, all things were thereby and by his own good Conduct so well ordered, that the effects which followed rendred all his Actions intirely commendable and praise-worthy.

They Negotiated also with the Count d' Harcourt to agree with him to deliver up Brisac, doubting that he might Treat with some Forraign Prince, and endanger thereby that most Important Place; but the Treaty being up∣on the point of conclusion was interrupted, because whilest it was thought that Prince would content himself with the Government of Anjou, and the Fort of Fera, in exchange of his Command in Alsatia, he finding that they had some thoughts of Arresting the Prince of Armagnuc his eldest Son, who studied in Paris, caused him privately to withdraw thence, and come unto him to Brisac, which gave a stop to all Treaties, and renewed the former jea∣lousies and distrusts of him.

It was then generally thought that Harcourt, being a Prince of great Va∣lour, and having such a Fortress in his hands, would have driven things to an extremity, and taken his advantage upon agreeing with the Court, to have gotten the most that he could promise to himself for the restoring of it; but he did not, having a Mind too noble to stoop unto an Action which might shew want of Faith and Ingenuity, contenting himself with the payment of the Garrison, and his own security in that place, without making any other Proposition, though the first Treaty had been interrupted. The King's Councel on the other part did not much sollicit him, for several Reasons: The first was, Because they hoped that when he should want money, the Garrison being unpaid would revolt against him. The second, Because they would not engage themselves to Treat with him, till it appeared who was Master of the place, Charlevois being there, who gave sufficiently to under∣stand that his Authority there was not absolute. And the third, Because knowing how great a Friend he was to his own Reputation, he would ••urely never undertake an Action which might lessen his Fame and Reputation, and therefore they thought not best to make a Treaty with Harcourt, lest they might have another to make with Charlevois. Which was the cause that when the Count renewed his Negotiation by the Baron de Milet, and the Abbot de la Charente, (who communicated all things with the Duke d' El∣beuf, the Prince of Harcourt, the Duke d' Harpaion, the Marquiss d' Ampouz, and other Kindred and Friends) the Cardinal alwayes delayed the matter. Monsieur de Bes••••s Captain of his Guard went to Brisac, upon pretence to conclude the Treaty, but instead of that (whereof he outwardly made shew) corrupted the Garrison of Philipsbourgh, into which Fort they suffered the Kings Troops to enter, publishing a thing very injurious to the Count his Loyalty, that they had done it, because the Count was in Treaty to sell it to the Duke of Lorrain; whereupon order was given to the King's Quer∣ries not to receive his Orders any more, as Grand Escuyer of France; and

command was given to Mareschal de la Ferte Senneterre, to march with his Majestie's Forces into Alsatia, and make Warr against those Places which held for the Count, to enforce him unto those Capitulations which his Ma∣jesty should think fit to grant him. The Mareschal besieged, and in a few daies took the Castle of Betford, defended valiantly by the Count de Susa, and gave notice unto the Count, That he should give up Brisac without other pre∣tensions, and retire himself into his Government of Alsatia, or to Philipsbourgh, which should be restored unto him. Harecourt shewed himself willing to sub∣mit unto his Majestie's pleasure, entred into a Treaty with the Mareschal, and accepted the Articles subscribed by him, the substance whereof was, That there should be paid unto him 40000 Doubloones, to pay Charlevois, and the Garrison of Brisac, and 10000 to himself, for a greater sum expended by him in maintaining the Garrisons of Brisac and Phillipsburgh.

This Treaty was by the Mareschal dispatch't away to Court to be ratified, and brought thither by Monsieur de Brinon his Nephew; but the Cardinal (being assured that the Count d••Harcourt could not Treat with the Spaniard, as being not absolute Master of the place, and less with the Emperour, who would not listen to it, as well by reason of the 3000000 which France was to pay unto the Arch-Duke Charles Ferdinand of Inspurgh, granted by the Treaty of Munster, as because he would not give occasion unto the French to draw the Swedes again into Germany) refused to approve the Treaty made by the Mareschal; but the said de Brinon (and Monsieur Dautichamp (who had been sent along to Court by the Count for the said Ratification) were sent back with Orders to revoke all that had been granted, and Monsieur de Senneterre by the said de Brinon writ to the Mareschal his Son, That there was no cause for him to take offence at this disowning of his Articles, but he was to obey in all things.

The Mareschal observed punctually his Orders, and sent the said Brinon with his Letters of excuse unto the Count; letting him know, That his Ma∣jesty had not approved the Treaty he had made; and that there remained therefore nothing to be done, but to submit unto his will, which was, That all things should be restored unto the former state; That he should forthwith give up Brisac into his hands, and that he would instantly advance into Alsatia, to reduce all those Places that should refuse to give Obedience. Harecourt at a news so unexpected was greatly troubled, and esteeming himself to be deluded, pretended that the Mareschal should make good his Parol to him, and upon that account kept Brinon prisoner; but it availed not, because the Mareschal caused Dautichamp to be forthwith Arrested in his return from Court, and sent Monsieur de Ca∣stlenau his Lieutenant General to take in Tannes; Dautichamp seeing all his endeavours to be released fruitless, desired the Mareschal to consider him as a prisoner of Warr, and give him liberty upon his Parol; which being gran∣ted, he continued his Journey towards Brisac, and came to Tannes at the same instant that Castlenau was about to attack the Suburb, which was trenched in, he wrote instantly unto the Mareschal, praying him that the Assault might be forborn; assuring him, That the Count d'Harcourt would command Mon∣sieur de Grun, Governour of the place to open him the Gates. But the Mareschal taking it to be onely a delay for gaining time, gave order that they should give no farther time; whereupon the Suburb being taken by the King's Forces, and Castlenau having granted them a Truce till Dautichamp's return, who went with all diligence towards Brisac, and in his passage saw the Mareschal at Cernay, who made him hope for the continuance of that Truce until the 9th of March in the morning, that he might return from Brisac with an answer; but notwithstanding this the Truce was suddenly broken, and the Place vigorously assaulted: The Count d' Harcourt upon notice

hereof dispatcht presently Orders unto the said de Grun, to receive in the King's Forces without contest; which Orders Dautichamp sent away forth∣with by a Souldier who went all night, and himself came thither the next morning: But the Mareschal not willing to receive from Harcourt a thing which he knew he could gain by himself, suffered them not to speak toge∣ther, and so the City was Assaulted with great fury, Castlenau being hurt there with a Musket shot, and divers other Officers of either party.

The Governour trusting upon what had been treated with the Mareschal, coming out of the Town to discourse it with him, was made Prisoner, and the King's Souldiers entred the Town, plundered the Governour's own house, and himself was condemned to pay 3000 Dobloones to his great mor∣tification and trouble, to have been betrayed under colour of the Publick Faith. Dautichamp having at last got to speak with the Mareschal, and the Regiment of Lorrain being brought into the Town, the Mareschal himself who at first had demanded onely the Town, and had (as the Count d' Har∣court said) promised not to attack the Castle, demanded that should be also rendred, and gave onely four dayes time to the Commander, that he might have Count Harcourt's Orders, who that he might by this last Action take away all pretences could be made against the sincerity of his dealing, at the same time released Brinon, and sent back Dautichamp unto the Mareschal, and from thence to Court, to throw himself without reserve at his Majestie's Feet, declaring that he went to put himself into Phillipsbourgh, where he would expect his Majestie's Commands. And so this Prince quitted Brisac, and Charlevois, being at the same time satisfied what he had advanced, the Garrison was changed, and the said Monsieur de Besmenus was placed there as Commander, with other Officers depending entirely upon his Majestie.

This Action which succeeded just as the Cardinal (contrary to the opinion of many others) had foretold, much encreased the Reputation of his Mana∣gery, and merits from the Crown. But the Cardinal declared notwith∣standing unto the Duke d'Elbeuf, That he was sufficiently satisfied of the Count d'Harcourt's Ingenuity, and had him in the same Esteem as formerly; and that in case he would leave the care thereof to him, he would find a fit occasion to procure an entire satisfaction for the Count. The Court was well pleased with his re∣spect, and the generosity of his proceedings; and his Enemies who had falsly slandered him with many imputations laid to his charge, were very much confounded and ashamed.

The Duke d' Anvil who a few dayes before had been banished the Court, was recalled, and restored unto his former degree of favour with his Majesty, and the Cardinal; he fell into this disgrace, because having promi∣sed to surrender the Government of Limousin, destined to the Mareschal Tu∣renne, for recompence of his Services, when it came to the point, he refu∣sed, by the instigation of the Archbishop of Bourges, who suggested to him that he was not to quit it but upon other terms; whereupon the Court who were engaged unto Turenne, and could not let him want it without some shew of collusion, found themselves obliged to take this course as well to satisfie the Mareschal, as to let the Duke see how 'twas resented by his Majestie, which he perceiving, and performing what he promised, he was restored unto his former degree of Favour.

Whilest the Mareschal d'Hoquincourt was making preparation for his Voy∣age into Catalonia, the meeting of the States of Languedoc was that Winter held at Pezenas, a City with a Castle situate upon the Point where the two Rivers of Peine and Erand do meet together, the Marquiss de Plessis Belliere was then quartered there, and finding the minds of that People, through the unhappi∣ness of the Times, disposed rather to make Cabals, than contribute Money to

the King, did what possibly he could to make them sensible of their duty, and discovering at last, that the States would fall upon a resolution, not to give any thing unless the Troops were removed out of that Province, and knowing that the Money for accommodating of the Horse, and other things necessary for the provision of the Army in the Campagne, must be raised by what should be given by that Province, which would ••ail totally if they gave nothing, and that by consequence the Army would be disabled to march, he resolved to get into the Field, that something might be contributed to that purpose; which accordingly they did. He saw farther, that the Season of the year was advanced; and was informed, that there came unto the Spaniards Recruits of men from Italy; That the Enemies drew to a Rendezvouz; That they made preparation in Castile of Pieces of Battery, Powder, Bullet, Scaling Ladders, and all other Necessaries, and intended forthwith to besiege Roses; And believing that there would be no means of relieving it, in case they should finish their Line before his coming, he resolved to make a timely preparation for it.

He parted therefore from Pazenas the 25th of May, and advanced to Segean, and Rivesalta, where he made a halt, that he might draw together all his Troops, and to see what would be the last Resolution of the States; he knew well the importance of preserving Rossillon, to which purpose the Cardinal had written to him, and recommended that Province to his care, he therefore appointed Boulon for the general Rendezvouz of all the Troops, from whence he marched the 16th of Iune to pass the Hill of Pertus; his Army was com∣posed of about 2500 Horse, and Three or four thousand Foot, all tried old Souldiers: That of the Spaniard was stronger by a Regiment of Foot, and was commanded by the Baron of Sabach, the Constable of Castile, and the Marquiss Serra, and it was therefore probably thought they would have opposed the French at that Pass; but they onely put a Guard in the Tower della Ionquiera, with a thought notwithstanding that the same would have stopped the French, until they might march up to charge them with advantage; but the Tower contrary to all expectation, yielded forthwith upon sight of two small Pieces of Canon, which the French had brought with them out of Rossillon; There they staid one day, to expect the Rear-Guard, and the Baggage, and from thence advanced into the Plain beyond Loustelnau: Plessis Belliere or∣dered his Army into two Battails, having advice that the Enemy would ex∣pect him towards Castillon; and to the end they might be stronger in the Field, they had burnt their Forts before Roses, and drawn the Garrison out of Feguieres. The French marched in good order towards the Spaniards, lea∣ving Feguieres on their right hand; the Van-Guard saw the Spaniards in Bat∣talia behind Castillon, covered by the Town, a Morasse, and by several Ditches and Cutts; but as soon as they saw Night draw near, and that the French Rear-Guard approached, the Baggage, and Foot marching behind with great diligence, they began to turn their backs, and by the benefit of the Night to retire, leaving in Castillon 1200 men, to hinder the advancing of the French.

The Marquiss of Blessis Belliere called then a Councel of Warr to consult what was fit to be resolved touching the pursuit of the Enemy; and it was resolved they should not follow him, because in a Country full of narrow Passes, as that was, 'twas not possible to fight him, unless he would himself▪ and besides, the Provisions for the Army were not come, so as it would be necessary to retire back to have them, and would besides have much lessened their Reputation with the People, who are much guided by outward appea∣rances, and whose Friendship was of great importance to them.

It was resolved therefore to take Castillon before they advanced farther, and to go on slowly, without ingaging themselves by their marches, where

they could not be followed by their Baggage, and in order thereunto, ha∣ving brought two Pieces of Artillery from Roses, and viewed the place, they began forthwith to open a Trench, which was presently advanced to the Town-Ditch, notwithstanding the continual firing upon them by the Besieged.

Castillon is a Town invironed with a plain Wall, and a little dry Ditch; the Garrison consisted of Irish and Neapolitans, Commanded by Colonel Milon, who being made one of the Heads of the People of Naples in the late Revolution, had abandoned the Party; and put himself into the Spa∣nish Service, where he gained great Reputation.

The Besieged made no Sally, because they had no Redoubts without to fa∣vour them, but cast an infinite number of stones, which obliged the Assai∣lants to make a Gallery over the Ditch, that they might with more security approach the Wall; where having in three days sunk a Mine in the corner of a Tower, the Besieged knowing the place was not longer to be defend∣ed, made Articles, and were admitted unto an Honourable Capitulation, with a tye upon them to return into Spain by the way of Fontraby, being the farthest way about. The French found here six Pieces of Cannon, and 5000 pound of Powder, which came very seasonably to them, considering their present want, having ingaged themselves in this Enterprise, with a great scarcity of Ammunition. During this Siege, Plessis Belliere sent the Marquess de Bellefont with part of the Troops, to attaque Empouriers the Torne de Medas, and other little places, which were all yielded upon the same Terms with Castillon.

The French Commanders being informed before their entring into Cata∣lonia, that the Irish were not well satisfied with the Spaniard, invited them unto their Party, and made them advantageous offers, which were accept∣ed with a promise to come over with seven Regiments of that Nation, up∣on the first occasion should be presented.

Notice was given during the Siege of Castillon to those within, that they should execute their promise; who answered, That they would not basely abandon the Spanish Service; that whilst they were in the Town, they would do their Duty like men of Honour, and when the Siege was over, they would make good their words; and so they did, assoon as they came to Rossillon, where they divided from the Neapolitans, and went into Quar∣ters in the Daulphine, where they were forthwith followed by many others.

As soon as the Spaniards had quitted Castillon, Plessis Belliere renewed his Orders to all the neighbouring Villages, after the taking of Barcellona, to bring Victuals into Roses; and he gave farther Orders, that they should send in Workmen, to demolish the Forts built by the Spaniards about Rosa, and the Walls of Castillon, and left that charge with the Governour who remain∣ed there, with a Regiment of Foot, and one of Horse, who having negle∣cted the performance thereof, was severely punished. From thence (being informed that the Enemy was retired into Girone, and there intrenched) he marched thither without delay, with a resolution to fight them, he thought to march along the Coast, and put himself between the Enemies Camp and Barcellona; but finding it not practicable, he took along the River Fer, put∣ting himself at the Head of the Forlorn-hope, that he might the better ob∣serve the Enemy; where having discovered the Guard of Horse, which they kept at Ponte Maggiore, that was retiring towards Girone, the first Squadrons of the French leaving Ponte Maggiore on the left hand, and march∣ing always up the River until they were beyond the City, found the Spa∣nish Horse a forraging on the other side of the River, who were pre∣sently

cast into Squadrons, and all the remainder of the Troops issuing out of Girone, and the Trenches with the Cannon, were drawn up into Bat∣tailia, before the said Fortifications; and there whilst the Forlorn-hopes skirmished together on each side of the River, which was betwixt them, the French advanced, and drawing close together as they came up, disposed themselves to give a sudden charge upon the Spanish Army; whose Com∣manders discovering the Enemies Design, drew back forthwith into their own Line, which was broad and deep enough, with a good Breast-work, flanked with four or five stone houses, and well lined with Musquettiers.

These Fortifications being regularly made, began at the Wall of an Hospi∣tal in the Town, and ended at a Stream not foordable; Night in the mean time drew near, the greatest part of the Souldiers wanted Powder, and the Waggons which carried the little store they had, were not yet come up; not∣withstanding which, the Souldiers shewed an earnest desire to fight, and Plessis Belliere (being unwilling to deny them that satisfaction) took with him all the Horse, and six hundred Musquetiers, and making each of them carry a Faggot, passed himself the River on the left hand, a little below the City, and the Marquess of Bellefond did the same 500 paces below that.

There were several other little cuts between the River and the Spanish Camp, so that it was midnight e're the Forlorn-hope of the Foot reached it, they found the Trench set with Ma••ches, and drawing near knew that the Spaniards had abandoned it; Plessis Belliere sent them several little Parties upon all the ways to bring tidings of the Enemy, and the night being pas∣sed over without making any discovery, the day at last discovered them up∣on the Mountain behind the City.

The French had left their Baggage beyond the River with some Foot to guard it, and expect the Cannon. The Spaniards knowing it, made their Horse come down the Mountain, and passing through Girone thought to go and plunder it; but they missed of their Design, because as soon as they were seen to march that way, 7 or 8 Squadrons were forthwith sent to cross the Ri∣ver; which caused the Spaniard to forbear the Attempt, and return unto the Mountain. The Baggage, Cannon, and remainder of the Foot being passed, the French encamped themselves in the open field, within half Cannot shot of the Town wall, with a Design to assault the Town, as soon as the Am∣munition (which they expected from Narbonne) was come, that so in case the Enemy should put their Foot into Girone to defend it, they might at∣taque the Mountain, and if they did it not, the Town might be with the more ease besieged and taken.

Girone is a great City, scituated upon the hanging of a Hill, encompassed with Walls, flanked with some little Towers, the Houses whereof served for Parapets unto that part of the River Fer, which glide•• on the right side of it; so as it would not be hard to take it if there were not in it a great Garri∣son: The French were Masters of the Field, their Conveys came without danger, and in all Skirmishes and Encounters, which were frequent enough, the Spaniards always had the worst.

Belliere practised Intelligence by all the means he could; their Souldiers both Horse and Foot, came from time to time in good numbers to yield them∣selves, so as the Officers themselves were forced very often to keep guard over their own Souldiers. The Irish had promised to come with their whole Companies into the French Service; the Besieged began already to suffer much, and some days were passed that the Horse had nothing to maintain them but the Grass and Weeds they got from the Parapet of the Town Walls.

The Spanish Generals perceiving that their Troops daily wasted, to preserve the said Mountain had built three Forts, and designed (as was gathered by

Letters which were intercepted) to pass a part of their Cavalry to Barcellon••, to relieve them from their Sufferings there, and to joyn with the Army which the Constable of Castile was raising for the succour of Girone, so as the French were constrained to be extreamly vigilant, and to keep their Horse alwaies sadled in the Camp.

Whilest the Siege passed in this manner, Plessis Belliere Treated with the Inhabitants of San Fe••ion, a little Town with a Castle indifferently strong, situate upon the Sea beyond Palamos, and Blanes; the Garrison whereof ha∣ving no suspition of what happened▪ kept not so good Watch as they ought to have done.

The Enterprise succeeded luckily, and Monsieur de Massarmes who was sent thither to effect it, took the Town, Castle and Garrison the 26th day of Iuly in the Night, he found there 7. Brass Pieces of Canon, and 4. of Iron, with some Ammunition, and for a complement of the good fortune, a Bark going to Barcellona loaded with divers Merchandises of value which lay there, was boarded before they heard the newes; and instead of Spaniards whom they expected, become a prey unto the French.

Things standing in this posture, the Mareschal d'Oquincourt taking leave at Coure went into Languedoc, where assembling the Souldiers appointed to serve under his Command, he provided to march, and joyn with the Army before Girone; Plessis Belliere as soon as he had notice of it, dispatched Mon∣sieur de Rabaliere his Kinsman away to him, to complement him, and give him an account of what had passed in the Siege. He let him know the w••nt there was of Powder, that it was necessary to send that which was to come unto Narbonne, and in the mean time to borrow a quantity from the Gover∣nour of Perpignan, or Rose▪ that in case he would force Girone; or continue the Siege, 'twas necessary to speed the Levies of the Catalonians in Rossillon▪ and cause Monsieur Lochman his Regiment of Swisses which had stayed there to advance as also those of the Queen, of Anjou, and of Languedoc, who re∣fused to march with the rest, by reason of the precedency challenged by those of Auvergne, who were in Conflans, under the Command of Monsieur de Tilly.

The Mareschal did what was desired of him by Belliere, he brought with him those Regiments who renewed their said Pretensions, and insisted so far upon them, that it was necessary to put all the Officers of Auvergne under Arrest▪ upon that occasion, where they remained till Girone was relieved▪ he brought 3000 pound weight of Powder from Perpignan, Belliere went to meet him, a League and half from the Camp, accompanied by all the prin∣cipal Officers of the Army, and brought him thither upon the 27th of Iuly, informing him how all things stood. The Mareschal took the Command of all his Majestie's Forces in those Parts, and the Marquiss du Plessis Belliere fell sick of a continual Feaver, which enforced him to keep his bed for five weeks time.

Mean while the French being resolved upon the taking of Girone, battered the Walls, made a breach and tryed to gain it by Assault; but whether it were that the breach was not sufficiently large, or that the Parapets, and defences made to flank the Souldiers, were not well lined with Earth, o•• that those who were commanded upon the Assault, were wanting to their Duty in not following their Commanders, they failed in the Onset, and were forced to desist from any farther attempt, upon hopes that the besieged be∣ing reduced unto necessity for want of Victuals, would of themselves yield; and in truth they were put unto the last extremity, when their relief began to appear, which entred into the Town upon the 24th of September, being Mules loaded with Corn▪ upon that side of the Town which was of most

difficult access, where were placed the S••isses, and the Queens Regiment, se∣conded by Monsieur Car••i••ton's Regiment of Horse; who were no sooner charged by the Spaniard, but they fled, and thereby gave them opportunity to joyn with those of the City who ••allied out. The Mareschal was gone to visit certain Posts, where having notice that those Regiments were inga∣ged, he went forthwith to relieve them, but coming thither he found his own men fled, and the enemy joyned. Plessis Belliere who had also notice of it, hastened thither, and meeting the Mareschal who gave him notice of the accident, and consulting together, they resolved to quit the Enterprise, which being to be forthwith executed, for avoyding loss of time, and of some difficulty; Oquincourt desired Belliere to take the charge thereof: In order whereunto he gave Orders forthwith unto his own Regiment of Foot, that of Poicto••, and the Swisses, that they should keep the Posts which the French held at Pont Maggior, to facilitate their passage over the River; he caused afterwards the Army to march in good order, and pass the River to incamp at Madignan; as they advanced, and as soon as the Guard at Pont Maggior was drawn off, the Spaniards seised upon it, and the Constable of Castile drew about 400 horse over the River, and some Musquetiers, who placed themselves in the houses beyond the River: The Horse were no sooner drawn out into the field, but the French facing about, charg'd them so briskly, that they pursued them to the River side, taking a good number of them Prisoners; which defeat made the Enemy keep in his own bounds, and for∣bear the farther following of the French.

From Madignan, Oquincourt marched to Barca, and the next morning being the 26th of September, he marched to the new Town of the Ampuries, where he sojourned some time to amass together all the Corn found there, and carry it to Roses, as he did, making every Company carry six Quarters of their Country measure.

After this having nothing more to do in the Countrey of Lampourdam, the Troops not being able longer to maintain themselves there, they made them pass the hill of Pertus upon the 28th of September, and leaving the Regi∣ments of Anjou, Languedoc, Roquela••re, Grammont, and Harcourt in Roses, they came unto Boulon, a place upon the River Tiech the 30th day, from whence the Mareschal sent his own men to quarter in Rossillon, and those of Plessis Belliere in Conflans.

All these Troops stayed in that little Country till the arrival of those of Guienne, Commanded by the Mareschal Marinville, and assoon as they were entred into Rossillon, Oquincourt resolved to pass a Convoy into Rosa.

He caused all things to be prepared for that purpose, and himself would have the conduct of it, together with all the General Officers, and the whole Militia, excepting only such as were thought necessary to be left for guard∣ing of some Posts were to be maintained in Conflans: Upon the 29th of Octo∣ber he passed the Mountain, and the next morning made the said Convoy enter into Rosa, and the French Army advancing, met the Spaniards near Loustelna•• in a bad posture; but because 'twas necessary to make haste that the Foot might pass the Mountain, they had the means to retire, the Mar∣quess Marinville, who that day had the Van with his Troops of Guienne, followed them to Figuieres, from whence the Spaniards drew the Garrison; and the Inhabitants assoon as they saw Mari••ville's Troops, cried, Vive le France; the Garrison which also was in Castillon retired from thence in great disorder.

Upon the 6th of November, Plessis Belliere having the Vantguard, com∣manded out 100 Horse to get Intelligence of the Enemies condition, by whom

having notice that they had discovered seven Squadrons of Spaniards, beyond the River towards Servia, Oquincourt being then with Belliere, they march∣ed forthwith to the River side, where Belliere being acquainted with the Fords, by the Mareschal's Order passed, and marched after them, with so much swiftness and good success, that he came up to them, and fell upon their Rear, skirmishing with them till they came into Bourdilles, one of their Quar∣ters, where they thought to make a stand, being seconded by those who were at that time in the Quarter; but being driven from it, and beaten unto an∣other of their Quarters, and thence to Salt••, which was their general Quar∣ter, they made another stand by the assistance of the Troops there, but with the same ill success they had at first; being intirely routed and defeated, many being killed upon the place, and a number wounded, and taken Prisoners, all their Baggage, of the value of above 10000 Crowns lost, and their whole Army disordered, and in confusion; the French having only some few Souldiers hurt, and two Brothers of the Villavoir's Prisoners, who engaged themselves too far into a Troop of Officers, who were retreating ••owards Girone.

After this Noble and Famous Action, the French Troops lodged without disturbance in the same Quarters the Spaniards had taken up for themselves, and enlarged themselves something farther, that they might maintain themselves with more convenience, and for the longer time till the ar∣rival of Monsien•• Picoy, who was expected from Court with the King's Orders for the French Armies Winter Quarters, and they staid thus about two Moneths in L••mpo••rdam, the Spaniards not daring after the said Rout, to offer them the least disturbance, until at last about the 20th of De∣cember Picoy came with the Winter Quarters, at which time the Mareschal held a Councel, where it was resolved to send the Army into Quarters.

Rosa was in the mean time furnished with all sorts of Victuals, and they transported thither whatsoever they could find in La••po••rdam. The 27th of December the French Army repassed the Mountain, and entring into Rossil∣lon, the Mareschal gave Order to Plessis Belliere for quartering of his Troops, who having appointed them their Quarters, and sent them thither, took leave of the Mareschal to go to Court according to his Majestie's permission given him for so doing, and the Mareschal remained there to place the Soul∣diers in their Quarters, and to make all such Provisions as he thought fi•• to be done, according to the Discipline of War.

Whilst these things were in Action, the Cardinal Mazarine was thinking upon the means which might be fittest for gaining of the discontented Spirits, rather by the way of gentleness than rigour, and yet neglected not to make Provisions as well of Mony, as Forces for continuance of the War, the Recruits of the old Troops, and raising new was not hard, because the Car∣dinal's Credit prevailing with the men of War, beyond all other Interest, they imployed themselves with affection and diligence therein, that they might thereby make demonstration of their gratitude, and deserve his favour, a thing whereof the Souldiery (being infinitely obsequious and devoted to him) was most ambitious; by whose force he was after able to compass his de∣signes, which (in spight of the contrary Opinion of those who envied him) took good effect, as will appear by that which follows.

The Cardinal's principal aim was to calm the Intestine Broyls, and re-unite the divided minds of all the French, wisely considering that all France be∣ing at unity, and in obedience to the King, there was no Forreign Power whatsoever of Strangers was to be feared. He applied therefore his utmost diligence by Treaties, and Arms to reduce those of Guinne, not neglecting the Designes entertained with several Inhabitants of Bourdeaux, he gave Or∣der, that before all things, they should block up the City from making use of

the Garonne, without which, it could neither receive supplies, nor continue its Commerce, and being harrassed by the King's Forces, 'twould in a short time be forced to yield without stroke strucken.

The Duke of Vandosme therefore having with his Majesties Fleet stopt up the mouth of the River, built Forts in the most important places, and dri∣ven away the Prince's Forces from several Towns with the Land Forces; it was resolved in Council to publish a new Proclamation of Grace to those Ci∣tizens, letting them know, That notwithstanding so many advantages, as rendred the Enterprize in manner certain, yet his Majestie's clemency was so great, that he was ready with open arms to receive them into his favour, who had with so much ingratitude risen against him.

This Act of Grace was published, and Registred in the Parliament, which was adjourned to Agen; upon occasion whereof many Assemblies were held, wherein the most moderate Persons spoke with great sense in favour of the Country, setting forth the prejudices it suffered, and the dangers in which these Subjects were involved, who upon the foundation of Forreign hopes, build up a structure of Contumacie, and Rebellion; but the incentive of Ambition were too powerful, and the rashness of the Common People incapa∣ble of reason was too prevalent, so as they abandoned themselves to be wholly guided by presumption, and especially those of the Olmiera giving a sinister in∣terpretation unto the counsels of good Citizens, terming those false who with the greatest candour, and strongest reason laboured for the Publick Good; and thereupon rejected all Advice and Counsel, and moreover threatned those who concurred not with them, and grew the prouder hereupon, as being gi∣ven to understand that the Propositions made unto them, were not the effects of love and kindness, but were produced by fear and weakness.

The surest Props they thought to be those Promises made them by the Spaniard, who with Money and other Arts, had gained the Principal Persons of the Councils, and Factions; they thought also that the English would not ne∣glect an occasion so favourable to them to advance their own Interests during the Divisions in France, by assisting that City which was establishing it self like another Rochel; they hoped the Prince of Conde with the Arms of Flanders would make an impression as far as Paris, and that he would make that way so powerful a diversion, as the King's Forces should be no more able to advance towards Bourdeaux, wherein the Princess, the Prince of Con∣ty, and the Dutchess of Longueville by their presence gave some splendour of light unto the darkness wherewith they were overshadowed.

These considerations seemed likely, and the colours wherewith they were set out, were able to deceive a prudent eye, so as their obstinacie grew so obdurate, that 'twas thought difficult (if not impossible) to re-establish the King's Authority over that furious people, linked unto Spain, which omit∣mitted no mean with the profuse expence of Gold to keep up that Party; that gave life unto their greatness. But for as much as particular Interests are generally preferred before the Publick, and those hopes which seem to flourish most in shew, fail oftnest in producing their effects; The Burdelois were disappointed in their expectations, and although they dispatcht Depu∣ties to London to represent unto the Parliament, and General Cromwel, how important their subsistance was unto the Interests of England, and that the English well knew how much it concerned them to keep up the Divisions in France, and had also a will and desire to do it; yet were these reflexions so counterpoized by other considerations, that the regard to future things, had greater force to move them than the present.

The English had upon their hands a Warr with Holland, that tottering Go∣vernment had not foundations strong enough to support a design of such im∣portance;

and the consideration that by ruining France, the Power of Spain (most averse alwaies to their Religion) would be increased, made them know it suited not with the present state of things to break with France, which would be able (in that case) concluding a Peace with Spain, by the assistance of Holland, and intelligence with the English, (who obey that New Govern∣ment onely because they want Power to oppose it) to bring their King Charles into the Kingdom, and let in amongst them those Confusions and Disorders which they endeavoured to produce amongst their Neighbours (in all pro∣bability) unto their total ruine; so as they esteemed it better for them that the Discord between the two Crowns should be continued, that they might mutually weaken each other, than to turn onely against one of them, which could be no advantage to the English.

To these Reasons was added another Point of Policy, then a great Secret, and that was, The particular Design of Cromwell to reform that Government; which i•• the form it stood he knew could not continue, so as it was not fit to ingage in Forraign Quarrels, having occasion to make use of the Forces for himself, and to imploy his Thoughts in the first place about the stablishing of his own Dominion in those Kingdomes, full of Malecontents, of persons envious of his Fortune, and of people greedy of Novelties, so as he assured Monsieur Burde••u, who was then resident in London, from the Christian King, that he would preserve Peace, and good intelligence with France; The Burdelois notwithstanding did not totally despair of relief, being hopes given them that the Warr with the Hollander being ended, and a peace con∣cluded with them which was now in Treaty, there should be some care taken of their Interests.

As for Spain, she did what possibly she could to keep up that advantage for her self, but the Indian Fleets, and other the Revenues of the Catholick King were not sufficient to satisfie so many Pretenders, and maintain War in so many places▪ neither could his Kingdomes and Dominions exhausted of Men, furnish the Souldiers that were necessary, and therefore he was forced to move in England, for leave to raise some Irish, which was forthwith gran∣ted, thereby to purge the Countrey from Catholicks, and persons ill-affected to the new Republick; from Germany no Souldiers could be had, because Money was wanting to supply the charge, (those Levies being more expen∣sive) notwithstanding the favourable conjuncture of circumstances to their advantage, which was a great proof of the Spaniards weakness.

There were at several times above 2000 Irish sent to reinforce the Prince's Party in Guienne, the Marquiss de Santa Cruz had order to make ready the Fleet in Biscay, and the Baron of Batteville to draw together Men and Pro∣visions, fit to make a return into the Garonne, and upon promises and other engagements of repayment, considerable Sums of Money were remitted, as well to Bourdeau's, as Flanders, for making of new Levies, and fitting out the Army that it might march with the Prince of Conde into France, on the one side; whilest the Burdelois should make a strong diversion on the other. But the Money which was remitted, was so well liked of by the persons into whose hands it came, that the part which they converted to their own par∣ticular uses, was generally greater then what was laid out in the publick business, whereby the designs of the Catholick Court were not onely re∣tarded, but sometimes also overthrown, the said Court not being able by reason of its distance from the Provinces, wherein the Warr was managed, to give those Orders and Directions, necessary to be taken according to ac∣cidents, and the present conjuncture of Affairs, whereby great inconvenien∣cies do sometimes happen, and the most prudent Orders and Designs are overthrown.

To this was also added, That the Spanish Councel was very often decei∣ved by the different relatives of the French that served them, who magnify∣ing the Forces, and intelligence of their own party, and vilifying and aba∣sing that of their King, filled with vain hopes even th•• most Prudent per∣sons, who grounding their deliberations thereupon, found themselves after to be involved in greater difficulties. Whereas on the contrary France be∣ing an united Body, was able readily to give directions unto all its Members, and having for Steers-man to the Government Cardinal Mazarine, who had a most clear and perfect knowledge of the nature, and interests of all Nati∣ons, we must not wonder that he was able to take all advantages, and to give a suddain cure to that disease which but for his care and fore-sight, had gan∣grened, and grown to an incurable disease.

But whilest the Court of Spain was thinking of Expedients, whereby to nourish the French Troubles, and the Cardinal in France was casting in his mind how to restore the declined greatness of that Potent Kingdome, the Generals of the Forces were vigilant to make such progresses as they esteem∣ed to be for the advantage of their Princes.

The Count Marsin General of the Prince of Conde's Forces in Guienne, de∣sirous to enlarge his Souldiers Quarters, by taking of some Neighbouring places easie to be gotten, sent Colonel Baltasar with a Recruit of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Irish, to take Grenade upon the Garonne in the County of Gaure, thereby to faci∣litate his Entry into the Countries of Armagnac, and A••ches, Monsieur de Baz, Mareschal de Camp, endeavoured to possess a Pass upon the River of L••don, whereby he hoped to oblige Monsieur d' A••••eterr••, to abandon that Countrey, and to gain a notable advantage unto himself, and his Souldiers, by getting thither▪ but A••beterre being advertised of it, with 300 Horse, and 50 Musquetiers, marching speedily unto the place, cha••ged ••uriously ••00 Horse, and so many Foot, who were already passed, that pu••ting 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to flight, part were drowned in the River, and others killed, and taken pri∣soners, the Horse saved themselves in great disorders at Tartas, one of the best places which the Princes had thereabouts, being followed by the King's men to the Town Gates, where they took prisoner Monsieur de Fag••••, first Captain of Baltasar's Regiment, and Monsieur Doro••••in was mortally woun∣ded.

This happy Encounter made the Inhabitants of Sarlat ta••e heart, who be∣ing greatly discontented at the injuries they suffered from the Souldiers of the Regiment of Anguien, commanded by Monsieur Sa••••gnac Governour of the Place, sent to the Marquiss de Sambeuf, That i•• ••afe he would 〈◊〉〈◊〉 thi∣ther with his Troops, they would give him Entrance at a Channel which r••••s un∣der the Wall: But that design not taking, the same To••n••••men Treated with certain Officers of the Garrison, who were discontented with Marsin, and having concluded with them, they gave notice thereof unto the Duke of Candale, who immediately sent Count Marin thither with 400 men.

The Inhabitants took Arms, and by the Assistance of the said Officers, hap∣pily brought in the King's Souldiers, the 23. of March, an hour before day, where being met by Monsieur Boriel an Advocate, and Consul of the City, they went joyntly to assault the Bishop's Palace, where S••vagnac was quar∣tered, who hearing the noise, leaping out of bed, endeavoured to save him∣self in his shirt by flight, but pursued by the Citizens, was taken prisoner, the Guard at the place of Arms made some small resistance, but Monsieur de Bois••••le Lieutenant of A••g••ien, and three Captains, wi••h other Officers being killed, Monsieur de Cha••••elloy, Maistre de C••••••, and Monsieur de ••a Roche, Major General, and all the other Officers who had bar••••cadoed them∣selves up in the house, yielded freely, and took Imployment under the King.

This good fortune was followed by the taking of several other Towns and walled places, where the Prince's men were quartered; so as the King's Forces always advancing towards Bourdeaux, and the City being thereby straitned, the sam•• was no small cause of fear and apprehension unto judici∣ous persons, who considered of it.

They thought what end this thing would have, and saw a speedy and sea∣noble succour was necessary, or otherwise the King's Party growing daily stronger in that Province would be afterwards much more difficult to hinder him from making farther progress there.

The Bourdelois could not then receive aid but from Spain, or England, Monsieur de Choppes, and the Count Marsin's Secretary were therefore sent away to Saint Sebastians, and from thence to the Court of Spain, to solicite the effect of the promises had been made unto them, for keeping up that Party, which being now forsaken by the other Cities and Provinces of France, there remained only Bourdeaux ready to become a Prey, either of those who defended it, or of those who fought against it.

Monsieur d' Agolin had not been wanting to sollicite continually in Spain, the sending of more Money, and of the Fleet, and at last protested in the Prince of Conde his Patrons Name, that in case no Money were advan∣ced before the end of February, he would be gone, there had been already sent to Bourdeaux 10000 Crowns; but the Catholick Court being informed by the coming of Choppes, who was also followed by a Deputy of the Coun∣cil d'Olmiere, of the danger Guienne ran by the endeavours used by Ma∣zarine for the reduction of it, there were 30000 Doubloons forthwith dispatcht unto the Port of Passage, in Biscay, with order that they should forthwith put to Sea six great Vessels, and four Fire-ships to enter into the Ga∣ronne, and make opposition to the French.

The said Envoye's had also farther satisfaction by 15000 Crowns for the Prince of Conde; and because there was an opinion that Monsieur Lenet did not observe the respect due to the Prince of Conty, by reason of the great dearness between him and Marsin, who did also fail in his duty towards the said Prince; there were therefore some Instructions given by the Spani∣ards, touching the manner of their Conduct, that the Prince of Conde's Par∣ty might be kept up.

But the Count d'Ognon's agreement with the King of France, gave a great trouble unto Don Lewis d' Aro, and the other Grandees of the Council, want∣ing thereby that foundation which they had built on the adherence of that Cavalier, for supporting of the Troubles in Guienne, where the King's Forces daily increased, and those of the Prince's hourly lessened; and this being one of the greatest inconveniences apprehended by the Court of Spain, they failed not upon this occasion to send Orders and Instructions, and to con∣tribute supplies of Men and Money, according to the extent of their abi∣lities.

There was afterwards represented unto the Court by the Baron de Batte∣ville, the difficulty of bringing Ships into the Garonne, unless they were re∣inforced by a more considerable strength. Whereupon there were forth∣with sent unto him 20000 Crowns, with Orders to take Sea immediately with those six Vessels, and to carry 500 Irish unto Bourdeaux; but as things daily change face, so was it necessary to vary also in their Counsels, and Batte∣ville could not effect the Spanish Orders without being provided of a greater Force, which being wanting, it followed consequently, that the things re∣solved upon, were spoken of, but could not be put in execution.

The Marquiss of Lusignan, was a while after sent from Bourdeaux to Ma∣drid, in shew to congratulate with their Majesties for the recovery of the

Queen, who had been sick of the small Pox, and in great danger, and of his Ma∣jesty, who had been for some days sick of a Feaver, who arrived there in May; but his true Errand was to sollicite for Supplies, because the French being Masters of the Garonne, did so fortifie themselves there, that 'twas very hard to drive them thence; and in case that were not done, it followed con∣sequently, that Bourdeaux, in which the King's Party grew daily stronger; must be lost.

Lusignan had good words given him, there were 200000 Crowns consigned unto him, and at his parting the Order for the Vessels to set sail from the Port of Passage, were put into his hands; but that was afterward suspended by reason of the impossibility of putting it in execution; and in lieu of it, Batteville was commanded that he should with all speed possible get into Bourdeaux by the Lake of Archazon, to keep up the hearts of the people, and give some hopes unto the Prince of Conty, and the Principal Persons of the Party. He was there to propose three things to them; One, Whether they thought fit the Spanish Fleet should advance into the Garonne, and hazard a Battle: The Second, Whether they would have him lie in the Mouth of the River: And the Third, Whether they were willing he should sayl to Britanny, or Normandy, to divert the French, by giving disturbance in those Places.

There were also sent 900 Irish more towards Guienne, and the Archduke and Spanish Ministers in Flanders were written unto by the King, that they should forthwith draw into the Field, and pay 200000 Crowns more unto the Prince of Conde to re-inforce his Troops, that he might march into France, whereby the Cardinal being obliged to draw that way with all his Forces, should not be able to continue the Enterprize of Guienne, and that there might be during that time some fit means used for putting things into a good posture in that Province: But neither could these Orders be perform∣ed, because the Ship which carried 300000 Rials into Flanders, falling into the English hands, they took the Money, although the King of Spain were then a friend to England, and kept for some time as lawful prize, it being in a Holland Bottom: But these Misfortunes are not to be imputed unto the ne∣gligence of Ministers, but to the accidents of time, which often frustrates the success of prudent Counsels.

There were 30000 Doubloons more sent to the Fleet, and Batteville was Commanded to try all ways of getting into the Garonne, and opening the Pas∣sage into Bourdeaux, and that he should make use of that Sum to corrupt some of the French Commanders; which notwithstanding prevailed no∣thing, they being all of them loyal and constant in their Duty to his Ma∣jesty.

The Count Fiesco, and divers others went again also into Spain, to repre∣sent the Necessities, and solicite for Assistance unto Guienne; though 'twere conceived by some, 'twas rather to receive the Money and Rewards which by the Catholick King's generosity, were prodigally dispensed unto as many French as came to his Court; which caused many to endeavour more the getting of his Money, than his Service, whereby he was abused: And who∣soever shall consider the Sums of Money distributed among the Male-con∣tents of France, will find them to have been sufficient to have conquered a whole Kingdom; and notwithstanding were issued only upon expectati∣ons, which either through treachery or ignorance were disappointed.

Mean while the Duke of Vendosme hastned the building of the Fort Ca?sar upon the Garonne, and of another in the Countrey, about the place where the two Rivers meet; beginning at the rising ground of the House of Ali••••t, and from thence making Forts to hinder the Communication of the Places held by the Princes with Bourdeaux; and to take from them Ler••••ns, a place s••ituate

at the Point where the Dordogne, falls into the Garonne, which was garrison∣ed by 500 Irish, under the Command of Colonel Dillon: To which purpose upon the 26th of May he shipped the Regiments Melleray and Normandy in Gallies and Brigantines, and by the favour of the Tide, the Cavalier Albret Mareschal de Camp, and the men under his Command, skirmished in passing by with the Gallies which lay under that Fort; there imbarked then the Count Cominges, Lieutenant-General, the Brothers Count and Baron of Mon∣tesson, and the Lord Garteret, who treated with the said Colonel Dillon Go∣vernour of the place, and perswaded him instead of defending himself, to change his Party, and to put himself and all his Souldiers into the King of France his Service; this happened, because the Irish Souldiers were extreme∣ly discontented, as having been sold like slaves unto the Spaniard, and there∣fore having no tie of Honour, or other Obligation lying upon them.

This Example had been seconded by others of that Nation, by reason of a scruple of Conscience they had to serve the Spaniard, who were so much united with the English, contrary to the Allegiance they owed their Prince; if Marsin foreseeing it, had not enforced the Officers of every Regiment to give Hostages into their hands.

The loss of Lermont was very grievous to the Bourdelois for the impor∣tance of the place, whereby the Royallists took from them the benefit of the Rivers, in the Command of which consisted their safety or their ruine.

Notwithstanding all these advantages, the clemencie of his Majesty, and of his Ministers, made him continue still the Treaty of Peace with those who amongst that crowd of rebellious Spirits, seemed best affected to it, up∣on perswassion that the hope of Pardon would work more than the fear of punishment. And therefore in the Month of May, another General Pardon and Oblivion was published for all in Bourdeaux, with Expressions, That his Majesty was more inclined to use Mercy, than Rigour. Upon this there was a general Assembly made in the Publick Palace, to consult whether it were bet∣ter to accept thereof, and give an end unto the Publick miseries, or persist in their disobedience. 'Twas thought by men of the best Judgment, that 'twas much more expedient for Subjects to live in obedience under their own natu∣ral Prince, than with the shadow of Liberty under a stranger.

The fear of the Olmiere kept every one in awe; there were notwithstand∣ing several things debated amongst some of that Council; but the obstina∣cie of those Plebeyans, could not be overcome with Politick considerations. They seemed to be all of them charmed by the Spaniard; they inclined to think they should be forthwith freed, they perswaded themselves what they desired; they believed nothing which thwarted their imaginations; and being conceited they had that in their hands, which by false colours was re∣presented to them by the Princes, they concluded no other Oblivion or Am∣nesty was to be accepted, but that wherein the Prince of Conde was inclu∣ded, for whose cause they had taken Arms, and brought a War to their own Doors; and that whoever should speak contrary to this resolution, should as a Traytor to his Country be drowned in the River.

These Persons made account, the offers which the Court made, were an effect of weakness, proceeding from Necessity, and from thence drew great hopes of being able to maintain the Divorce they had made from the King's Obedience; they sollicited upon that score General Cromwel at London, that he would undertake the protection of them; and in case that succeeded ac∣cording to their hopes, they thought they should be able to make good their own contumacy, and by the assistance of England, make themselves free, and independant of their own Sovereign. This Discourse was dictated ra∣ther

by Fury, and Passion, then Solid Reason, and accordingly they found themselves in a short time deluded by those vain imaginations.

All wayes of sweetness therefore used by the Court of France, to mollifie the obdurate obstinacy of that fierce, untamed people, proving fruitless, they are resolved to use rigour, to prosecute the Warr vigorously against them; There were therefore express Orders sent that they should endeavour by all means to streighten the City on every side, thereby to enforce them by neces∣sity to comply with their duty, since other means would not incline their wills; and above all, that the Maistry of the River should be made good against all attempts the Spaniard should make, which would reduce the City to despair, and specially if they could keep things in that posture, till the Vin∣tage, and if the King's Forces could disturb them therein, it would be one of the great damages, and punishments, could be inflicted on them; the Revenues of that City consisting principally in the great plenty of Wines there made, by sale of which unto the English, Hollanders and others, they raise a very considerable profit.

But in respect 'twas also necessary to provide for the Frontiers towards Flanders, where the Prince of Conde, united with the Spaniards, made extra∣ordinary preparations, and boasted that they would make a very advantageous Campagne, by reason of the Towns he held in Champagne, and the intelli∣gence he had in Paris, towards which it was the publick talk he meant to march; The Cardinal therefore with no less diligence, sought to prevent the blow, by making all provisions ••itting for it. He considered, that all consisted in the uniting the Forces of the Kingdome, it being very hard to beware of a domestick Enemy; and that therefore if he could not reduce Conde (whose Mind was carried away with high pretences, and the advantages, and hopes, he drew from Spain) unto his duty, 'twas fit to deprive him of the Credit, and Party he had in France; which being done, he would be then reduced to the condition of being a private Captain onely, to the Spaniard.

The Cardinal therefore bent his thoughts in order thereunto, upon two things; the one, to take from him those Places he held in France; and the other, to deprive him of those Friends which followed him. Upon this de∣sign, there was a General Amnestie granted unto all persons, who repenting their Errour would return unto the King's Obedience. Whereupon the Count of Tavannes, who had alwaies declared high for the Prince, and had worthily performed all parts of a Valiant, and undaunted Cavalier, being un∣satisfied with him, left his Party, and retired to his own House; The same did also several other of his adherents, perceiving well that nothing can be an act of greater rashness, than to oppose the Soveraign Authority of ones own Prince, to submit unto the obedience of a stranger.

The Prince made shew not to be troubled at it, because he had not Forces sufficient to maintain his Friends, and repair the loss they suffered for him in their own Countrey, and that 'twas necessary for him to keep unto himself that little pittance he had from the Spaniard, which being far short of the vast promises were made, though hardly sufficed to maintain himself, in a condi∣tion inferiour to his Birth and Quality.

He would also himself have made his Peace ••if the King's Council would have condescended to his Pretensions, which in such case he would have mo∣derated. But as it was a thing very desireable to gain him, when he had a great Train of discontented French that followed him; so now when he was abandoned by all, and as it were a private Captain to the King of Spain, his Propositions were no more to be admitted, he being at that time rather a trouble, than advantage to the Spaniard, so as he would be able to do less harm abroad, than by returning into France.

As to the first, 'twas thought, that being covetous of Glory, and Reputa∣tion, he would ill suit with the Spaniards, who are full of Ambition, and Pre∣tensions; that the free and open carriage of a French-man, would never be well matcht with the reserved and close deportments of a Spaniard; that the imperious absolute demeanour of Conde, could not but make him odious un∣to the Spanish Commanders, who are all upon punctilio's; that the Antipa∣thy between the Nations, and difference in Language, would presently put him into disorder, who knew not how to command, and be punctually obey∣ed, but by French-men.

If his Actions should meet with good Success, the Glory of them would make him envied, and suspected, as a Forraigner, in the same manner as Ma∣zarine's had caused him to be in France; And if 'twere otherwise, the da∣mage would be accompanied with scorn, there having been as much spent upon his single person, as would have served to keep an Army. The Jea∣lousie which the Spaniards would alwayes have, That he who was not satis∣fied with being the first Prince of France, could not content himself with be∣ing a Servant to the King of Spain, would keep them in a continual distrust of him, which in a short time would destroy the grounds of Friendship; And this could not happen but with notable advantage unto France, because it would at last be brought to this, that either the Spaniards must destroy Conde, or he to revenge himself must destroy them; so as to leave the Prince in their hands, was a great charge unto them, which instead of being an ad∣vantage to them, would puzzle all their Counsels and deliberations.

As to the second, if the Prince should be agreed with, and restored to Court, and that the Affairs should prosperously succeed, all the applause would be attributed only to his Direction, so as he would eclipse the Lustre of all others, with the splendour of his Glory; and re-assuming his first thoughts of giving Law to all, without receiving it himself from any, would consequently destroy the order of Government, which in a Monarchy must depend onely upon one single Person. Besides that, there would then be no occasion to shew the World, that France had other Captains no less Valiant, and Ministers of State as Prudent, as those the King of Spain could boast of.

The King would out of his own Clemency have condescended to restore him unto his former degree of Place, and Favour, if Conde without farther medling with the Affairs of the Kingdome, would have resolved quietly to retire himself, and enjoy the benefit of his Estate and Revenues in any Coun∣try out of France, which was in amity therewith; but being in the flower of his Age, and enured to command, he was too passionately in love with Glory, which is not gained without toil and labour, to be content to fit down, and give himself unto repose and quiet.

France being therefore Regulated by these Maximes, and the Cardinal working by courteous means, and demonstrations of affection, rendred his Ministry full of sweetness, never pretending to take other revenge against his Enemies, but onely to let them know he was a good, and virtuous Per∣son, whereby that bitterness against him which by a few seditious persons, Enemies unto the Publick Quiet, had been infused into the minds of many, was in a great measure allayed and sweetned. The first effects whereof were seen at Paris, where his Reputation having been more blasted, than in any other place, the Citizens by the remorse of their own Consciences, thought themselves bound to make a publick shew of their Repentance, by making him an open satisfaction, for the injuries they had by a publike Arrest done to his Reputation the Year before; and in order thereunto, invited him upon the 29th of March, unto a sumptuous Feast in the Town-House, being an Honour never used by them but to great Princes.

The Cardinal went thither, accompanied by the Dukes of Guise and Ar∣paion, by the Mareschals of France, Estree, L'Ospitall, Villeroi, Grammont; Motte, Haudecourt, Ferte Senneterre, Aumont, Hoquincourt, and Grancè, by the Count of Servient, by Monsieur de Fouquet Surintendant des Finances, Monsieur le Tellier, Secretary of State, six Counsellors of the Community, three Quatreneurs, and many others.

Then followed the Feast with great Pomp and Order, and with so much shew of affection in the people, of which the Piazza in the Greve was so full, that being my self there out of curiosity, I heard them publickly bless his Name, praise his management, blame those who had falsely slandered him, with divers other wonderful things, which happen when a people changes the extremity of hatred and contempt, into the excess of honour and esteem. The Cardinal came several times to the windows, and caused pieces of Money to be thrown amongst the people to his great applause; his health was often drunk by all those Citizens, and all those honours were done unto him, which can possibly be rendred unto a first Minister of so high a Condition; whilest he dined, the Seats and Hall were filled with as many of the City Dames as the place would hold, drawn thither by their curiosity, to see a Man they esteemed the Miracle of Nature.

The Cardinal used great Civility towards all, throwing about great quantities of Sweet-meats; at his going through the Hall at parting, he entertained sometimes one, sometimes another; and although he were in view of all in the Piazza, there was not amongst all that people heard one, that spake an ill word of him; but I observed, that all applauded, and wish∣ed him good success; I heard more than one say, he was a good Friend to France, and the Spaniard's Scourge. Others said, he had given unto France a King, and to the King a good Minister of State, with such like sayings; they ran after his Coach, every one desiring to see him, and to shew himself; the Omen was surely good, and the events proved it to be so, the effects being correspondent to such good wishes.

The Count de Beaujeu held about this time Intelligence with one of the Inhabitants of Rhetel, and agreed to surprize that place through a hole in the Wall; he drew together 600 Foot and 400 Horse; and on the 4th of April at night, came privately thither, and caused some Souldiers to enter through the hole; but being discovered before a sufficient number were got in, the Design failed, and he notwithstanding took in hand another Enterprize.

The Count had been advertised that the Lorrenois Commanded by the Chevalier de Guise, Brother unto the Duke, leaving their Quarters beyond the Mose, and the Sambre, were drawing towards the Frontiers of France; he therefore advanced that way; and whilst he was at Charleville, consulting with the Marquiss of Noirmonstier Governour of that place, with Monsieur de Bussy Lamet, and others, they had news from Monsieur de Mentegu, Go∣vernour of Rocroy, That the Count Coligny, Lieutenant-General to Conde, was gone to attaque Couvin, a little Town upon the River Noirau, three Leagues distant from Rocroy, in the Country of Liege, garrisoned by the French, who had beaten thence a Regiment of the Enemy, which had been quartered there; and that he had invested it with two Pieces of Cannon: Whereupon gathering together all the Troops which in so short a time could be assembled at Rocroy, they marched from thence unto a little rising, distant a quarter of a League from the Camp of those of Conde's Party, and put themselves in Battalia, under the covert of a Coppice, from whence Beaujeu and Mentegu, alighting to discover the posture of the Enemy, saw their Ca∣valry drawn up in Order beyond the River, and the said Wood.

Beaujeu presently considered, That in case he should march with the whole Body, the Horse would then retire under the shelter of the Musquetiers, where the French would have much more difficulty to fight them, and there∣fore thought 'twas best to make the Enemy believe their number was much less, so as believing it to be a small Party, they might ingage to fight them, and follow them into the whole Body behind the Wood; and so it punctually happened; for two Squadrons only being sent out, they were immediately charged by Coligny's Troops, the King's men began to skirmish, receiving the Charge with great dexterity.

Conde's men not doubting any Stratagem, advanced so far that they fell in among those by whom they were expected; Beaujeu, and the other Com∣manders, when the time served fallied out, and charged the Enemy with so much fury, that they forthwith put them to flight, spurring hard towards their own Quarters. The Royallists in the Chase took several Prisoners; Monsr. de la Villetta at the same time fell upon the Foot, abandoned by their Horse, who were retiring to Bossat, but being charged, after they fired once, yielded forthwith, and throwing down their Arms, took Quarter as Prisoners of War; in which number was Coligny himself, after he had performed all the parts of a valiant Cavalier, in labouring to make those who fled, turn face against the Enemy; he was taken by Monsieur de Delore Cornet of the Troop of Rocroy; the Colonel Ghegy was taken by Monsieur de Rumelly; Monsieur de Buchol and several other Officers were also Prisoners; and in this Action Monsieur de Loan, Montreuil, and the Marquiss de Caufort, carried themselves nobly, they being the Persons who charged the Foot between Couvin and Bossat. This good Success, joyned to the other whereof we have before treated, gave great satisfaction to the Cardinal, as on the other side it brought great trouble to the Prince of Conde, who had there lost above a thousand good Souldiers, and the best of his Officers, amongst whom he heard with great grief of the imprisonment of Coligny, his Kinsman, a Person of great valour, and in whom he had great confidence; and the Court taking this as a Presage of good Success, Resolved that the Duke of Espernon, Gover∣nour-General of Burgundy, should undertake the Enterprize of Bella∣garde.

After the rendring of the Castle of Dijon, Burgundy had been ever in great trouble, by reason of the plunderings of that Garrison, which continu∣ally infested that whole Countrey. The Duke had therefore Garrisoned the Castle of Pagny, near unto it; and wanting Force sufficient to take it, he had given ear to some Propositions made by the Prince of Conde's Friends to sell him the said Place, which was hard to keep, because it was so far within the King's Countries; but the Treaty being broken off, by reason of the too high demands of the Marquiss of Batteville Governour of the Place, Esper∣non took order for making of Provisions fit for besieging of it; and conside∣ring that those of the Franche Comté, notwithstanding their Neutrality, might send and succour it; he sent concerning the same unto the Marquiss of San Martin, and Monsieur de Cea, Principal managers of the Catholick King's Affairs in that Province, from whom being assured that they had no thought of doing any thing against the Neutrality established; and being also encouraged by the Burgundians, who to pull this Thorn out of their sides, offered to find Money and Provisions fit for the Siege; the Duke passed the Somme at San Iean de Losne the Marquiss d'Uxelles came from Chalons to Ver∣dun, with what Souldiers he could draw from the Neighbouring places, and brought together about four thousand Souldiers, Horse and Foot, under the Command of the said Uxelles, and de Roncerelles, both Lieutenants-General: The Ninth of May, the Duke possessed the Posts of Campblanc, and de Pany,

whilest the others took up their Posts at Cas••elles, and San George, and open∣ing the Trench, they made their Approaches to the place, and with their Artillery battered it on two sides, and a little below also on the other side of the River, where Monsieur de San Quintin lodged himself with four hundred Foot.

The Besieged defended themselves with great courage, and by their fre∣quent Sallies endeavoured to hinder the King's Forces from advancing to∣wards the Ditch; but Roncerelles advancing the Trench unto the Counter∣scarp, drained the water out of the Ditch, filled it with Faggots, and sprang a Mine under the Bulwark towards the River.

Batteville having no hopes of Succour, and not being in a condition long to defend himself, sent to the Duke, and let him know, It had been never practised in a War amongst Christians, to assault a place without first giving a Sum∣mons to know if they would freely yield; and therefore he desired to understand upon what ground, they proceeded so severely against him.

Espernon made answer to him, That this was usually practised against lawful Enemies, but not against Rebels to the King; and pretended he would not de∣fer the Assault, for which all things were now ready; but being entreated by the Officers of his Army, not to use such severity which oftentimes casts men into dispair; he consented, rather for sparing the lives of his own Souldiers, than of the Enemy; and a Capitulation for the Surrender was agreed upon, Batteville marching on the 8th day of Iune out of the place, with 700 Souldiers with their Arms and Baggage, who were convoy'd unto Stenay: The Burgundians were much pleased with this Enterprise, having hereby quieted their Province, and Espernon, according to the promise he had made them, caused the place to be dismantell'd and uncovered, whereby the passage over the Somme became free, and those people were eased of the Contributions they were forced to pay unto that Garrison, to avoid being fired, and ill entreated by the Souldiers, and himself acquired much honour, and a general Commendations by the Action.

The Troops who had served in this Siege were sent, part unto Mare∣schal Turenne, who was now ready to take the Field, and part unto the Mare∣schal de la Ferte Seneterre, who was already quartered upon the Frontiers of Lorrain, and had taken divers Castles of the Territory of Verdun, which were held by the Enemy.

To these good Proludiums of fortunate Success, followed another Enter∣prize very bold and unexpected, executed by Count Broglia, Governour of la Basse, a Captain of high repute, and experienced valour. He was adver∣tised that the Troops which had been in the Quarters of Etere, la Gorgue, and the Neighbouring Posts, being appointed to serve in the Prince of Conde's Ar∣my, were the most part of them drawn thence unto the general Rendezvouz, so as there were in those Quarters only Colonel Murphy, with about 700 Irish, and about 80 Horse, under the Command of the Baron de Lambes; he marched therefore from la Bassee, with 400 Fire-locks, and 100 Horse, with a Bridge of Boats to pass the River Lis, above Etere and Armentiers, that he might fall upon the Quarters of Etere where Murphy's Regiment lay. He Commanded Monsieur de Lavogadre, a Colonel of Piemontoi••, to pas•• the Ri∣ver with 350 Fire-locks, and himself staid on the hither side with the 100 Horse, and the remainder of the Foot, to succour and assist where need should be.

Monsieur de la Trenoy, Serjeant-Major of Bassee, advanced with 100 Fire-locks about midnight the 13th of Iune, and charged with so much va∣lour, that notwithstanding the Assault was sustained with great courage by the Enemy, yet he drove them to the Church, where they fought two

hours, but at last the French having made themselves Masters of the Church Doors, constrained the Irish all to yield themselves prisoners of Warr, who were in number 300 Souldiers, 6 Captains, and all the other Officers, Mur∣phy himself escaping by favour of the Night: From thence the same Night the Count advanced unto the Fort of la Gourgue, but found it quitted; and so having driven the Countrey thereabouts, and got some Booty, he returned to La Bassee, very well pleased to have destroyed that Fort, and taken all those Souldiers and Officers.

The Prince of Conde was startled with this News, and had without doubt forthwith taken the Field, had not the taking of the 300000 Ryals, before mentioned, by the English, retarded the Provisions which were thereby to be made, and in particular of Horses, to remount the Cavalry, and for Ar∣tillery, which were afterwards provided with some difficulty in Holland.

The General Turenne, making use of this Conjuncture, having caused the Troops to march into the Countrey about Rheims, parted from Paris the 14th of Iune, and in a certain place not far distant from Chillery, in Cham∣paigne, consulting with the Mareschal de la Ferte (who was yet drawing to∣gether his Souldiers in the Countrey about Verdun) touching the course they were to hold, they concluded to besiege Rhetel, to take from the Enemy all means of advancing farther into Champagne, being an open Country, and full of Corn, as without doubt they would otherwise have done, to their very great advantage.

Turenne advanced to Chauteau Porcien, and placed himself beyond Rhetel, and Chaumont, that is a Castle where the Spaniards had a Regiment of Foot, that were recruiting, and 60 Horse in Quarters, who at first sight yielded themselves prisoners of Warr, without Colours or Baggage. The Mareschal de la Ferte, came by the Valley of Bourg, on t'other side of the River Aisne, and there in the Campagne of Chaumont, having drawn up all their Troops, they made their approaches to Rhetel, on both sides, where the same Night the Regiments of Picardy, of Turenne, and Palnau, possessed themselves of all the Out-Works, raising two Batteries, one near the Port of Rocroy, and the other at the River Gate where La Ferte was quartered.

There were in the Town 5 or 600 men, under the Command of the Mar∣quiss de Persan, who in the Night, was in great danger of being made a pri∣soner at the taking of the Out-works; they opened in two dayes two brea∣ches, and whilest the French prepared to assault them, the besieged Capitu∣lated, and agreed to march out with Arms, Baggage, and two Pieces of Ar∣tillery, and to be convoy'd unto Stenay.

The Mareschals left there for Governour Monsieur de Boda, with his Re∣giment of French Foot, and themselves went to observe the motions of Conde, and the Spaniards, who during the time of that Siege marched toge∣ther towards Hayes d' Avennes, their taking the Field having been delayed as well for the said want of Horse, as for a Treaty they had with a certain Citizen of Arras, about surprizing of that City, he had intelligence with Cardinal Mazarine, and played the double spy to deceive the Spaniard, and get money from them.

The intelligence was begun the Year before, and continued untill Conde found himself abused, having parted with above 2000 Doubloons at several times upon that score. The French having notice that the Spaniards were not strong enough to fight their flourishing and numerous Army, marched up towards the Prince, being resolved to assault him before he was reinfor∣ced with more men, which he carefully laboured to be; but he drew up his men in Battalia between two Woods, behind a straight Pass which prevented them from taking him in that place of advantage where he first was, and had

been found, if he had been but one half hour later advertised of the French Armies motion: Whereupon the Mareschals returned unto their Quarters, and from thence marched towards Vervins, into certain Villages near the Abbey of Fougny, from whence drawing to Vervins, they lodged near Poussy, and from thence Coasting by Guise, they encamped at Riplemont, to observe the Enemy who were reinforced by the Army of Lorrain, and some Troops from Flanders, with which their design was to enter France, upon hope that when they should appear there would many declare for them.

The French Generals therefore being much inferiour in number were to carry themselves very circumspectly, and not to hazard a Battel, which was much the more dangerous, by reason of the consequences would depend upon it, then for the present loss they could receive.

The French Courts aim was to gain time, to resettle the Affairs of the Kingdome by gaining Bourdeaux, to hinder Conde from raising new Stirres and Garboiles, by means of his party, and dependance, and to frustrate the Spaniards expectations of ruining France, grounded upon the Credit and Re∣putation of Conde; which was the onely Butt unto which the Consultations of Spain tended, as believing that Crown with their Dominions and Coun∣treys so divided, and void of Inhabitants, could not in any other manner get an advantage over France, an entire united Countrey, and therefore with∣out sparing of Money, nay even with the prodigal lavishing away thereof, unto the Malecontents of France, they endeavoured to draw others, and by such arts obtain that, which by their own Forces they could not gain.

The Effects notwithstanding corresponded ill with the appearance, because the hopes being reduced unto a few particular persons, who were more gree∣dy of their own profit, than that of others, they sought onely the means how to render themselves necessary unto the King of Spain's Service, and to draw thence advantages, grounded upon this Maxime, That to draw Rewards from Princes, they ought to make them rather hope for, than obtain the fruit of their Endeavours. Things being therefore thus managed, and the Spaniards having made their Provisions for that Years Campagne, there were divers Consul∣tations held between the Princes, and Generals of the Armies, touching the several courses they ought to steer.

The Generals of Spain proposed to undertake some notable Design, and by taking some Town of Importance, by means thereof to make afterwards a farther progress; and upon that foundation to maintain a Warr in the Ene∣mies Countrey, it was proposed, That Five or Six thousand of the best Soul∣diers with Expert Captains, should be imbarked, and sent forthwith for Guienne, to re-inforce the Prince's Forces in that Province, give Courage unto those of Bourdeaux, and nourish that Warr, which was the powerfullest Diversion could be given to the Christian King's Forces. But the fears that the Succours of Spain would not be sufficient for that purpose, and the disorder would arise by dismembring the Forces of Flanders, made that Proposition to be laid aside.

The Prince of Conde magnifying the Correspondence he had in Paris, de∣clared, and was very pressing with pregnant Reasons, That they should forth∣with draw the Army together, pass the Somme, and marching as near as they could to Paris, invite their Partisans to raise some new Sedition in the City, wherewith the Court being startled, would easily quit it, and in that confusion marching to Mantes, they might seize upon Pontoise, Senlis, and some Neighbouring places, where their Party being strengthened by those Malecontents, would fall in with them, they might reap singular advantages, and keep the Warr alive in France.

This Proposition was specious in appearance, and so well represented, th••t the Councel approved of it, thinking that Conde would be seconded by the

effects, as he seemed to be by the desires of many, who applauded his Actions, and could not stop the turbulency of his spirit.

Two notable Difficulties occurred in the execution, the one, that the hearts of many were very much cast down by the Successes of Bellegard, and Rhetel, who could never have imagined that the King in that Campagne could have Forces, and Conde want them; to suffer two Towns to be mise∣rably lost under his nose, whereby the confidence they had in him was much diminished.

The other, That the French Army being drawn out into Campagne much stronger then was expected, 'twas very dangerous to pass Rivers, and en∣gage ones self in an Enemie's Countrey, without a place of Retreat upon occasion, being Coasted by an Army (though inferiour in number, yet equal at least to them in valour) of Souldiers, being all French, Bold, and Expert, and a Body of 4000 German Horse, the remainder of the Renowned Forces of Saxon Weymar; and having also to Friend many great Cities, and strong Forts, all most affectionate to his Majestie. Notwithstanding as there is no∣thing doth so much transport the imagination, as the value we put upon our selves, fomented by a vehement desire, Conde was so transported with the opinion of the great Esteem had of him by the People of France, that he be∣lieved the same alone sufficed to make him Conquerour before he fought. It was therefore resolved to follow this advice; whereupon the Spanish Army advancing towards Cambray, and from thence to Crevecoeur, and Catelet, came at last without opposition to Fontz Somme, where the River Somme rises, be∣ing onely two Leagues distant from the French Camp.

There were in the Spanish Army effectively 30000 men, the Troops of Lor∣rain and Conde being taken in; Composed of Spaniards, Italians, Walloons, Germans, Burgundians, Flemmings, and other Nations, who by the diversity of their Languages, and Fashions, caused in that Camp on harmonious dis∣cord: The Equipage was very great of Cannon, Baggage, and Ammuni∣tion.

There Conde made a halt for some dayes, and faced the French Camp, pas∣sing the time in frequent, but slight skirmishes, of the Light Horse, who beat about the Countrey with much diligence; His hopes were built upon the Friends, and Intelligence he had in Paris, which he thought would infallibly take fire; but he was mistaken in his account, because the King being in the City, and the Cardinal alwaies Vigilant to prevent any Novelty that might arise, there was no motion at all there; neither was there any of the banished persons, who (according to appointment) would come to Paris, and head the discontented Persons that remained there. So as the Prince's Designs vanish∣ing, the opinion conceived of him by the Spanish Ministers, fell therewith al∣so; finding him not to have that credit and dependance in France whereof he boasted, and by which he had promised the effecting of such great mat∣ters, and therefore being no less perplexed then confounded, touching the course they were to take, the Armies kept their ground, and onely faced each other for some dayes.

Conde (as being stronger in Men) desired to come unto a General Battel; The French would not hazard it with so much disadvantage, but endeavou∣red onely by Lodging in convenient places, and by the favour of Towns and Forts, to hinder his advance, and make him spend the time unprofitably; so as the one studied the means of coming to a Battel; and the other endeavour∣ed onely to decline it.

This occasion shewed the Excellency and Valour of the two Captains, who made Warr with Courages emulous of Glory and Reputation, and therein the Conduct of him who was inferiour in Forces, proved, that wise Fore∣sight hath the advantage over Courage.

But the Courts design was driven at another rate. The Cardinal had nothing more in his mind than the reducing of Bourdeaux unto obedience, he knew the quieting of that part, would be a certain preservation to the rest: his opinion was approved by all the Councel, and the resolution was taken to stop Conde upon the Frontiers of Picardy, or Champaigne, that the Affairs of Guienne might not be imbroiled, where all things tended to an happy issue, although the means used by Treaties, and Intelligence had not succeeded.

The Marquiss of Theubon, who had defended with Valour, and good Fortune, the new Town of Agenois against the Count d'Harcourt, being offended, that the Count Marsin Arrogated only to himself the glory of having freed that City, by putting into it 200 Horse, whilest the over∣flowing of the Water had made the Royalists draw farther off, and that by Marsin's orders some of his kindreds Houses had been Plundred, amongst whom were those of Monsieur de Colongis, and the Widow Marchionesse of Ville Franche, belonging to Theubon himself by Substitution, came to Bourdeaux; and expressing his discontent, was desired by Conty to lay aside all Rancour, and thought of Revenge, which he professed to bear in mind towards Marsin; but notwithstanding that, and the Sum of 500 Crowns given him towards his losses, he sent Monsieur de Mondevis to Blaye, to Negotiate some agreement with the Duke de San Simon, and also with the Duke of Vendosme, who was lately before arrived there.

The business took well, and gave good hope of a happy issue, but the banishment at that time of one Litherie, an Advocate who had a hand in it, upon other suspitions, (although this Plot were not discovered) did for the present give a stop unto it; Theubon was sollicited by his friends, and those who wished well unto the King, to stay in Bourdeaux, to serve them for a Head, not to be Reconciled unto Marsin, but to endeavour by all means to be Revenged, because in case he could effect it, and take away his life, the War it self would dye together with him, and upon pretence of a pri∣vate quarrell, he should do great Service to the publick, and accomplish his own ends by it.

Notwithstanding which he left the Town, as being too much observed in it, leaving there good correspondence, communicated his thoughts unto the Duke of Candale, and they agreed, that the Army advancing to Lormont, he would get them to be let in, by means of Monsieur Mousnier, and Mon∣sieur du Sault, who were disgusted, and weary of the Princes Government, and by the assistance of a Counsellor of Bourdeaux, who was much offended that he had been imprisoned by Conty's orders, although he had been af∣terwards Released, and received by him with great Courtesie.

These three Monsieurs, were all of them principal Frondeurs, and of great Authority, so as 'twas easily by their means, to have struck the stroke, and the rather, because several of the Olmiera joyned also with them, and in particular one Cot, a great man amongst the Rabble, and one called Cavalier, son to a Proctor of the Pallace served for the Messenger, or Carrier of the Letters which passed between the Conspirators, and the King's party.

The Army appeared at Lormont ready to have effected the enterprize, but Cot having been bribed by the Princes, and Cavalier, being taken with the Letters about him, he was as a Spy put to death before the Palace Gate, and all entercourse was broken off; at the same time Monsieur de Chambon, who had been by the Prince of Conde sent into Guienne, to hin∣der the Count d'Ognon from agreeing with the Court, by the offer of 300000 Crowns in Money, and one of his Townes with the Title of Duke,

ran a fortune not much unlike to this; for having found all his Negoti∣ations fruitless, and being willing to go to Bourdeaux, where they had an ill opinion of him, for having rendred the City of Xantes the year before, he was by the Rabble taken and Tyed to the same Gibbet, where they had hanged him, if in the time allowed him for Confession, he had not been relieved by the Prince of Conty, who caused him to be forth∣with released, and withdrawn from so infamous a death.

Theubon gave not over for all this to set a fort new Engines, for com∣passing his ends, and together with Count Maria one of the King's Mareschal's de Camp, had frequent intelligence with all those whom he thought fit to serve in this occasion, amongst which pitching upon a Treasurer of France called Filiot, a Person very bold, and zealous, who passed to and from the City, he made choice of him to Confide in, and to keep a foot the correspondence Marin held with the two Brothers de Chateau, and with the Counseller de Sault, Son to the Advocate General, who grow∣ing desperate to see the Authority of Parliament, submitted to the imper∣tinences of the Olmiera, was entred into the party, and determined to put himself in the Head of some Citizens, and open one of the Gates to the King's forces.

The business was wisely carried, and the success was in a manner cer∣tain, as being managed by Persons in whom the People put their trust, but for as much, as 'tis a Maxime of the French Nation, (more frank and open than any other) That secrets in the Breasts of Young Men, are kept like Water in a Sieve, Chatein, one of the Brothers, having discovered the business to the Count d'Autell Governour to the Duke d' Anguien, 'twas discovered by means of a young Citizen, of whom the Count was Ena∣moured; Filiot was taken, and the Counseller de Sault, and both im∣prisoned: the other Brother, who knew nothing of this discovery, was gone to advertise the Duke of Candale, that he should draw to Bourdeaux with the forces, believing 'twas impossible it should miscarry. The King's forces advanced with so much secrecy and speed, that notwithstanding the discovery of the Plot, if the Prince of Conty had not been in person at the Port, they had entered in that Confusion, without the help of any other Complices. This March of Candale, did so confirm the certainty there was a Plot, and filled those of the Olmiera with so much Rage, that like Fools, and Mad-men, they all ran about furiously in Arms, crying, that better 'twere to suffer Death a thousand times with Armes in their hands, then to be betrayed with so much baseness.

They made presently a Solemn procession to give thanks to God, and charged a Franciscan Fryer to make a Sermon exhorting to Union, and Loyalty unto the Country; the Fryer went into the Pulpit, and although he were by Faction a Frondeur, and of that judgment, yet being in that moment enlightned by the Eternal Wisdom, he spake in presence of the Princes, Princesses, Frondeurs, and those of the Olmiera, so well to dispose them unto Peace, that all were marvellously touched, and confounded, and the People wonderfully Edified at his great Eloquence, and Learning. Whereby 'tis seen that the Divine Providence Concurrs both to the settle∣ing, and overthrow of Crownes. The Innocence, and goodness of his Ma∣jesty being protected, and the ingratitude of Subjects being there opposed by the Divine Justice.

Filiot's Process was after made, and no sufficient proofs coming against him, he was put upon the Torture, which was Cruelly given him, in the presence of Duratesta head of the Olmiera, and of the Advocate Pontellier. When he was first put upon it he swooned; but having implored the help

of God, and of the blessed Virgin, he found himself so much comforted, and strengthened, that he endured it Valliantly, without discovering any of his Complices. There was no farther proceeding against de Sault; the Teares of his Father, and Services done by the Son unto the Fronda, prevailing against the punishment due for a Treason against the Princes, which had it taken, would have exposed them unto the fury of the Souldiers without Capitulation.

Conspiracies and Plots having all failed to reduce Bourdeaux under the King's obedience, and the Forces which Vendosme and Candale had being of themselves too weak, to overcome a City so strong and obstinate; The Cardinal gave order unto Monsieur d'Estrades, Lieutenant General in Rochel, to draw what Souldiers he could out of the bordering places, and to March up with them forthwith unto the Duke of Vendosme; Estrades was ex∣treamly diligent, and being a Person very expert in War, and affectionate unto his Majestie's Service, came thither speedily with a good Strength of Men near Bourg; the taking of which Place, as necessary towards that of Bourdeaux, was enterprised by his counsel: But there being a necessity for the vigorous carrying on thereof, to invest it on three sides, and the Foot being sufficient onely to do it upon two, the Duke of Candale was desired, That he would furnish Forces necessary for that purpose. The Duke corresponded with all readiness to the Desire of the other Generals, and coming to discourse it with the Duke of Vendosme, and d'Estrades, in the Fort Casar, he gave Or∣ders to his own Regiment, with that of Lorrain, and Champaigne, to march, and he himself would be of the Party, having agreed with Vendosme touch∣ing the Command.

Bourg was Attack't, and on the 29th of Iune they broke ground on three sides; On the first the Duke of Vendosme was with the Regiment of Britan∣ny, and that of Monsieur de Rozacerviere, Mareschal; on the second the Duke of Candale, with the Regiment of Champaigne, and that of Monsieur de Saint German; on the third Monsieur d'Estrades, with the Regiment of Douglas, and that of Monsieur Saint Romain; This last Approach was so vigorously advanced, that on the fourth day, Monsieur Delas Mareschal de Camp, lodged on the brink of the Fosse, and cut in sunder a great Pallisadoe in the middle of it, notwithstanding a perpetual shower of Musquet Bullets, and a multi∣tude of Bombo's, Granadoes, and other wild-fires, which were continually rained from the Walls to hinder his attempt. This advance was made by the King's Forces without the help of any Battery, by the negligence of the Canoneers, and the failing of the Pieces, which were but twice dis∣charged.

The besieged were so astonished with this extraordinary Courage of the French, and so cowed with the lustre of their Arms and Cloaths, trimmed after the new Mode, that they were in such confusion, it seemed they could do nothing else but gaze upon that gayety, which perhaps was new unto their eyes. Don Ioseph Osorio, who Commanded there without thinking farther then on his own safety, and to get out of these broils, Capitulated the Third of Iuly, and marched out from thence the 5th, with 800 Men, Arms, Bag∣gage, and two Pieces of Cannon, but to his great blame of Cowardise and baseness, and as such he was by order of the King of Spain imprisoned after at St. Sebastians, although he justified himself by reason of want of Vi∣ctuals.

This Important Place being then lost by the Spaniards in five dayes onely, for keeping whereof they had laid out a great Sum of Money in fortifying it a la Royalle, and circling of it with strong Walls, the Generals and Captains of that People were not onely troubled, but all the Malecontents of the

Prince's Party were above measure disturbed, foreseeing that this loss was a true prefage of their utter ruine. The French on the other side, proud of so fortunate Success, resolved to make a farther progress, and without making stop, resolved to take Libourne, and thereupon whilest the Duke of Vendosme staid in Bourg, to give such Orders as were necessary, and to dispatch away Artillery, and Provisions fitting for the Enterprise; Monsieur d'Estrades with 1200 Foot, and 400 Horse, after two dayes stay, marched towards it, and in his passage took the Castles of Savagnac, and Laubardemont, and passed the River Iolla the 9th of Iuly, the Foot in Boats at Guistres, and the Horse a League from thence at the Foord of Coustras.

The Place was next day viewed, and Quarters set out for the Troops, until the coming of Vendosme, who the 11th day at Night arrived with the Can∣non and Ammunition, going up the Dordogne, and passing happily under the Enemies Fort, not above half Pistol shot off, by the assistance of the Galley, (being one of those appointed for his Guard) which was commanded by Mon∣sieur de la Monnerie, Commissary General of the Admiralty; after which the Trench was begun on that side of the River where the Duke of Vendosme was lodged; and the care of this Attack was given to the Count of Montesson, Colonel of the Regiment of Bretagne, and a Battery of two pieces of Cannon; d' Estrades attacked on the other side of the River Ille, and Monsieur de St. Ro∣main, assisted in making the Approaches, and another Battery with the Regi∣ment of Douglass.

In this mean time the besieged made a great Salley on that side, with Horse and Foot, but were so briskly repulsed, that they durst never after peep abroad. Both the Attacks were advanced with so much vigour, that the se∣cond day the French were Masters of two Half-Moons, in one of which they took 17 prisoners, and a breach being there opened on the Duke's side, and a Mine ready to be sprung on that of d' Estrades, the besieged upon the 17th of Iuly founded a Parley, and demanded the same Terms as were granted unto Bourg; but 'twas refused them, the French thinking it not reasonable that Libourne should think it self'equal to Bourg; at last it was agreed, That as to the French and Irish Souldiers, they should be Prisoners of Warr; the Officers should have liberty to return to their own houses, and twelve onely should have li∣berty to carry the Baggage away with them. The Souldiers who were about 800, divided themselves under the King's colours, where they voluntarily entred themselves into Service.

The Justice of the King's Cause was visibly approved by the facility where∣with these two Important Places were gained by his Forces, and the diligence and abilities of his Captains appeared likewise to be very great, and particu∣larly in the Enterprise of Libourne, which being Garrison'd by more than 800 Souldiers in pay, was besieged, and taken by an Army of 2200 Foot, and Four hundred Horse, the remainder of the Troops being divided, part of them placed in Garrison at Bourg; part part left to make good the Posts of Castillon, and Monreal, and the rest Commanded upon seve∣ral Parties by the Generals, upon the notice they got by Letters of Marsin intercepted, and undeciphered, that his Lieutenants marched with some Troops of Perigord and Quercy, unto the relief of that place, which being the principal foundation of the subsistance of Bourdeaux, was furnished with all things necessary for the holding out of a long Siege.

This second loss put all the Inhabitants into a wonderful apprehension, and the Prince's Party lost much of their first Credit, the people crying out, That in lieu of the Succour which they hoped for, they were contriving to cast them into the slavery abominated by them.

The Citizens therefore made several Assemblies, and examining the state

of their Affairs, found clearly that their hopes of subsistence were very small without speedy Succour, which could not be elsewhere had but from Spain, or England; they therefore sent away to sollicite the Catholique King's Ge∣nerals for their promised Succours; and failed not to request of General Cromwell, That he would open the Passage of the River, and give maintenance un∣to that City which would bring so great advantages to England. But the Spaniards who desired very much to perform this Request, wanted Forces, and the English who could with ease have done it, had no thoughts of putting it in execution.

The French who saw well that Expedition was the Mother of Success and were sensible that either the Spaniard might get Forces, or the English an inclination to succour Bourdeaux, disposed themselves with extraordinary diligence, to put in execution all those things which might serve to reduce that People speedily under obedience, and therefore Libourne being taken, they quarter'd their Troops as near as possibly they could to Bourdeaux, that they might incommodate the Citizens, and deprive them of all communi∣cation with the Countrey.

The Duke of Vendosme held the Castle of Lermont, all the Countrey be∣tween the two Seas, and by means of the Fleet, was Master of the River; The Duke of Candale, with his Forces divided upon the principal Passes, was Master of all the Avenues, having to back them the Fort Casar, the Bourg of Blanquefort, and the Quarter of Begle, and thereby hindred the City from receiving any Relief on that side, where they had before got it, and expected it afresh from Spain, and the Count de Marin was sent to take the Castle de la Teste de Certes, wherein was that Garrison which had facilitated the Count de Fiesco his passage formerly.

But although 'twere certain, that Force was the securest means to restore the King's Authority within that City; yet considering it might be long first, 'twas thought fit to try the means for reducing the Inhabitants unto a voluntary submission. The House of Espernon had in it a great number of Creatures, and well-affected persons, gained by their long abiding in those Parts, who notwithstanding the Seditious Cabals, had alwaies retained their good affections; Which made it easie for the Duke of Candale (a Prince ge∣nerally beloved for his Virtuous and Noble Qualities) to set on foot a Treaty upon this design, with the well disposed Citizens.

By means therefore of Friends and Confidents, (there being many others disposed to Peace) they thought fit to attempt the means of bringing it about.

The multitudes of Country people running into the City for fear of the Souldiers, served wonderfully to make the scarcity of Provisions appear, be∣cause the Corn being with great dexterity bought up, and hidden in private houses, and the Mills being out of order by biding of the stones, and other implements, the Bakers were not able to find Bread sufficient to furnish such a multitude; whereupon the throng of people, who were present at the distribution of it, began to think that the want was extream great, and that therefore the publick safety was more to be considered, then private inte∣rests. The Provision for the Hospitals was also neglected, and those Poor were sent unto their doors, who were thought to be most interested in the continuance of the Warr; which was so done, that with their pitiful Out∣cryes, they might let them see 'twas necessary (not being able to resist longer against so great an extremity of Miseries) to moderate their own particular obstinacy, which had been the cause of bringing it upon them.

The fight of this Crowd of Poor, and Beggars, whispering at their doors who were looked on as the beginners of the Warr, wrought very much to∣wards

the disposing of them unto Peace, beginning now to fear that those very persons of whom they had made use to disturb the publick quiet, would fall upon themselves, and plunder their houses, it was also proposed to the Religious, That they would expose the Blessed Sacrament in their Churches cover∣ed with a black Vail, to the end it should appear that God detested and abhorred this Warr. But the Prince's Councel, and the Frondeurs, having notice thereof, caused it to be exposed in the Great Church, and supplications to be made for a general Peace; which was the pretence they made use of, to abuse the ig∣norant multitude.

This Revolution lasted until Wednesday the 9th of Iuly, on which day af∣ter many private Conferences, several Merchants met in the Palace de la Bourse, saying 'Twas necessary to shut up Shop, considering there could be no farther business done during the Warr.

The Prince of Conty having notice of these Murmurings; made a Cavalcade through the City, but it passed no farther; and the next day one du Bas, ha∣ving been seised on by his order for having cryed out, Peace, before the Palace of Justice, all the Neighbouring Quarter took Arms, and required his en∣largement.

This du Bas plotted with a Conventual Frier Minim, called Frier Romain, who having made some intelligence with the Count d' Autel, shewed unto several of the Citizens a Paper which he said was from the Prince of Conty, whereby he gave him liberty to have meetings, that he might give him no∣tice of all things that might concern his Party; but the matter was other∣wise handled, in regard the Frier had no design but to discover thereby who were good subjects, and who were ill-affected to the King, whereof Bas and others taking notice, they were reserved, and would not communicate any thing of importance to the Frier.

The good Repute du Bas had in the publick Vogue, moved the Citizens to make that stirre, and to demand his release, threatning some novelty in case case they were not satisfied herein; Conty and Marsin got to Horse, together with the greatest part of the Nobility, and Officers of the Army, all the City Companies were commanded to take Arms, the greatest part of whom had some of the Olmiera for their Captains; but it so happened, that the Butchers under Command of Gilbert, and one Master Isaac, armed with Musquets and other Arms, cryed out for Peace, and that if any had particular disgusts, they should revenge themselves by their own Arms, without ingaging therein the Lives of the whole City. And a Hollander, married in Bourdeaux, told Marsin to his face, That they knew how to dye, but would not dye unrevenged; and that being free, they would not dye tamely. Wherewithal being started, they con∣cluded that after Dinner all those of the Olmiera should meet in the Town∣House.

There several Expedients were proposed, and the plurality of voices agreed in this, That the Citizens dwelling in the Quarter called de la Rochelle, and the New Street, should be assaulted, and Cannon drawn up against them. The Prince of Conty liked not the Advice, and thought it better to expect the Judges, and Consuls of the Exchange, who with much submission, came to Petition him, That he would not suffer the good Citizens to be outraged, nor comply with those of the Olmeira, who were about him, and made their boasts that they would plunder their houses. The Merchants appeared, and Petitioned for Peace. That they might avoid greater disorders. The Prince answered, That he desired not to keep any in subjection by force, which he could with case do; but that if they were constant to his Brother the Prince of Conde, and himself, he would protect their Interests; and by being united, all those difficulties would be overcome; which whilest they were at variance among themselves, daily augmented, and would cast them into inextri∣cable

difficulties; but that he would consider with his Council, what was fit to be re∣solved upon in this Conjuncture.

The Count de Fiesco was in this interim dispatched from the Court of Spain, and imbarking himself upon a Frigat at St. Sebastians, he was come unto the Port of the Teste de Busch, there finding all the Countrey in Arms for the King, he landed, and had much ado to save himself, leaving the Frigat to the discretion of those Countrymen, by whom she was seised, and all the persons in her made prisoners: The great Guns in her were made use of to batter the Castle of the Teste de Busch, and another place near thereunto called Sertes, garrisoned by the Prince's Souldiers, that they might keep open this Pass for those that went, and returned from Biscay. To these Countrey Forces, were sent a Recruit of 600 Foot, under the Command of the Count de Marin, by whom these two Castles (which much favoured the Spaniards landing) were in five or six dayes taken.

Fiesco coming to Bourdeaux the 12th of Iuly, went instantly with the Prince of Conty unto the Town-House, and highly magnifying the Catholick King's Power, he assured those of the Olmiera, Of a Speedy, and Powerful supply of Men, Money, Shipping, and all other manner of Provisions, which he had seen himself all in good order, and left under sayl in their course at the heighth of the Port of Passage, so as the Wind blowing fair, it could not be far behind. Upon this News it was resolved to have a General Meeting of the Companies of the City, where Fiesco made the same relation, assuring them, That this was no relation of a Gazet, but an assured certainty; himself having been present at Council, and at the execution of the Orders which were thereupon given from the Court of Spain.

These Passages were by well-meaning men listened unto with horrour; yet some Counsellers of Parliament being revived with these hopes, said, They ought not to proceed farther in the Proposals for Peace, made by a Party of the Citizens, for fear of abusing the Favours of his Catholick Majesty under whose protection all things would surely be concluded with an entire Liberty, and Quiet. But notwithstanding this, the Presidial (which is a Magistracy composed of above Thirty Counsellers, and Officers of Note, to whom belongs the ordi∣nary administration of Justice) next morning made a deputation unto the Prince of Conty, desiring him that Peace might be concluded; and that belief should not be given so lightly to the report of Fiesco, transported with the Passion he had for upholding of the disobedience against his natural Soveraign. After which, all the Religious went to perform the same Office, for the Publick safety, and repose.

The Chapter of the Cathedral Church of St. Andrew made the same Re∣quest, but their Deputies were threatned by Granant the Goldsmith, a prin∣cipal person amongst the Seditious; there came also Ministers from the Hu∣gonots, who in all these occasions shewed themselves very zealous and affe∣ctionate to the King's Service. The Prince of Conty answered to all, That himself also desired Peace, but such, as should be lasting and secure; that when the same could be obtained with fit security, he would be more ready than any other to imbrace it. At which time he also sent unto the Marquess de Santa Cruz (General of the Spanish Army) several Expresses, to represent unto him the Necessity of a speedy Succour, any small delay whereof would bring all things unto the utmost extremity, and therefore the resolution was to be forthwith taken; that himself was ready, and resolved if any new Stirrs happened, in case Baltissar would march out with some Troops of Horse, to go with the Duke of Anguien his Nephew unto Tartas, and so by Land unto the Frontiers of Spain.

This was a bold and hazardous Attempt, and as such was opposed not onely by the Princesses, but by Lenet and Marsin himself. Mean while the

Citizens being weary of the Indiscretions and Tyranny of the Rabble of the Olmiera, by the advice of the Vilconte de Virlade, a Councellor of State, and of Monsieur de Bacalan, Advocate General du Chambre des Edicts, and several other persons, devoted to the King's Service, took a resolution to make them∣selves Masters of the City Gates, by being present at the changing of the Guards with their Servants armed, that so they might be stronger in num∣ber, as they were superiours in valour to the Captains of the Guards, who were all of them of the Olmeira, who were lifted by the Prince of Conde, and paid by him, that he might have them true and faithful to him; these were extraordinarily astonished and amazed, seeing a number of Persons of Qua∣lity, with Halberts on their shoulders, Pistols, and other Arms about them, to lift themselves, and serve in the same manner as the meanest of the common people; whereupon some of the Captains of the Olmeira offered to go along with them, and demand Peace.

There were some of the Citizens who seeing themselves Masters of the Ports, desired to bring in the King's Forces that they might with more ease shake off the Yoke; but the rest who were as willing to preserve the Prince of Conty, and his Family, as to free their Countrey, opposed such violent courses, and endeavoured to have the Peace concluded upon Honourable Terms, and not by falshood, and conspiracies, whereby the City might be exposed unto the fury of the Souldiers, with danger to the Prince's life, who being of a bold undaunted spirit, would according to his wonted custome, run upon the least noise, and expose himself unto the greatest danger.

And therefore these moderate Persons insisted, That the things resolved upon were to be executed vigorously, but with good order, rendring to the Prince and his Family the Respects due to their Royal Birth, and endeavour∣ing to gain all persons by sweet means, such as might procure most advantage to their Countrey, and gain most Glory to their Actions.

In the mean time Marsin, and Fiesco, had resolved to bring Souldiers into the City, that might reduce the Inhabitants by force unto their wills; and to the end they might more freely vent their fury, had a design upon the Prince of Conty his liberty, and the lives of Monsieur de Saracin, and the Ab∣bot of Colnac, his Confidents.

The Prince was advertised thereof by the Fathers of the Society, and de∣sired, That for his safety he would please to lye either in the Town-Honse, or retire himself into their Colledge which was near unto it.

But the Visconte de Virlade being advertised of all this, was the first who took Arms, and with his Friends seised upon the Port de Chapelle Rouge, through which they were to have let in the said Forces. He Treated also with the Irish, who were the persons that should have struck the stroke, and by perswading them that Marsin intended to put them into the hands of the English their Enemies and Persecutors (with whom he Treated by means of Francars, and Blaru, Deputies of the Olmiera who were in England) brought them to take imployment under his Majestie.

The Disgusts between the Prince of Conty, and Marsin, sprang from Mar∣sin's ever growing in his Pretensions, whereby Lenet and he, arrogating to themselves all the Authority, treated the Prince as he had been a liveless Statue; so as Conty and the Dutchess of Longueville his Sister, not being able longer to support the insolence of these two persons, wrote Letters testify∣ing their resentments to the Prince of Conde, That he might take some order for their satisfaction, which could not be otherwise but by removal of those two persons; or by permitting them to retire themselves.

The Prince was two moneths ere he returned an answer, and then did it contrary to what they expected, writing onely in general terms, desiring

them to lay aside all animosities, and study Peace; and declaring, That he intended Marsin should Command all things relating to the Warr, and Lenet those touching the Finances; and Monsieur de Chouppes having also written to him touch∣ing the abuses of Marsin and Lenet, he sent unto them the Original Let∣ters.

This was sufficient to have given occasion unto the Prince and Dutchess, to leave their Brother's Party, who besides seemed not to confide in them; but these Princes used more prudence and moderation than they were bound unto, and quite contrary to what Conde had done, would never Treat about any Union with the Court for themselves separately, as the Prince their Brother had done, who without acquainting them therewith, (by means of the Dutchess of Chastillon, the Duke of Rochefaucaut, and Monsieur de Gau∣court) had the Year before held a secret Treaty for making his own peace. But they remained constant even to the last extremity, having besides Mon∣sieur de Chouppes, and the Marquiss de Lusignan, dispatched Monsieur de Bre∣quigny unto the Catholick Court, and Monsieur de Fay unto the Marquiss de Santa Cruz, then at St. Sebastians, where the Baron de Batteville, unsatisfied that any other should enjoy the fruit and honour of his Labours, cast in new difficulties to the Resolutions of the Spanish Court, who according to their usual delayes, entertained the Princes and their Party onely with hopes.

These differences continuing between the Princes, and the Ministers of Conde, were in part the means that gave more life, and boldness, to the Merchants Meetings in the Common Burse, that being thought the most convenient place (because the Town House was taken up by the Counsel of the Olmiera, and the Palace of Justice by the Frondeurs) Monsieur Lenet went twice to speak with them, to sowe divisions amongst them, by insinuating to the Merchants that he approved what they went about, so it were done without ingaging therein the Advocates, and others of the Long-Robe, who as Interested Persons, would draw all the glory of the Action to themselves, and leave the trouble of it unto them; he represented to others their own interests, the power of Conde, and his good affections towards the City, endeavouring to gain all Parties, partly by Terrour, and partly by jealou∣sies, and hopes; but all these endeavours, and Negotiations hindred not the concourse, and meeting, of the well affected Party in this Assembly; Wherefore finding that all things went cross to his intentions, and that the Citizens were altogether bent to Peace, instead of confiding in the Prince of Conty, who stood firm unto the Interests of his Brother and Fa∣mily, notwithstanding his ill usage by him, he raised several suspitions of him with the Princesses, and (which was the worst Counsel could be taken as things then stood) being himself Universally hated, cast forth many slanders against the said Prince, to discredit the onley stay that could sup∣port them, sowing discords in his House, and amongst the People well af∣fected to him, and endeavouring and by paltry means to Circumvent them. Fiesco took a Lodging in the New street amongst the Merchants, that he might be nearer at hand to perswade them, that to make a secure Peace, 'twas necessary to follow the Counsels of Marsin, a Person of tried experience; and not those of Conty a raw young man.

They caused also some of the Frondeurs in whom they most confided, to be present at those Assemblies in the Burse, amongst whom were also some of the Counsellors of the Parliament that staid at Bourdeaux; to occasion some differences, and trouble amongst them, thereby to gain time wherein they had placed all their hopes; and they wrought also with one Ramont, who stood Sentinel in the Town-House, to stop one Doriol from entring there, though he was one of the Olmiera, because he did not second their opinions,

which was so ill taken by his his Companions, and all the Olmiera, that they commanded him out of the City, and having discovered that Marsin had tampered with many of the People, they made by common consent, a ge∣neral meeting in the Burse upon the 19th day of Iuly, of all the Companies of the City.

Being met, there was present among them the Cavalier Todias, a Jurate, and occasion being thereupon taken that a City Magistrate rendred the meeting Legal, they enjoyned him to accept a deputation from them to the Prince of Conty, to signifie unto him the good Citizens resolution to Treat a Peace, to desire he would approve the design, and consent that the Ob∣stacle which both within and without the City was a hindrance to it (which was the Olmiera) might be removed, and abolished. That the Cap∣tains and Officers might be changed, it being a thing very unseemly, and unreasonable, that so many Persons of Birth, and Quality, who went Perso∣nally to the Guard for the publick security, should be commanded by those Mean, Seditious, Pleb••ians, and that Persons of worth, and merit, might sup∣ply their places. It was afterwards concluded, that all those who were there present, should be esteemed as Deputies from all the Companies of the City, and should from day to day assemble together as principal Counsellors of the same.

These to the number of 30, together with several of the principal Arti∣ficers, went together towards the Dutchess of Longuevilles House, where the Prince of Conty then was, a small number of them staying behind in the Burse. Where Monsieur de Virlada, Monsieur de Bacalan, together with the Baron de la Mogarolla, and young ••erang, Son to the Hugonot Minister, con∣cluded, that 'twas necessary to do some bold thing; and thereupon whilest the Deputies were going thither, they cryed out to as many as they saw in the Court and street before the Palace of Justice, and in the Market-place, Vive la Roy, & a la paix distributing to all they met, pieces of White Ribon for a Sign. The Deputies were encouraged by this noise, and the Cavalier Todias, with much freedome represented unto the Prince of Conty, the mise∣ries, which were occasioned as well by the King's forces, as by those of the Princes who were lodged under the Walls, and principally by the tumultu∣ous O••••••sts, who in one year had committed so many Scandalous Actions, as would remain a stain upon them for many Ages. That the good and peaceable Citizens, could no longer suffer the Licentious carriage of the Souldiery, and therefore besought him in the name of all, to take some fit expedient for the general comfort, and relief, assuring him of the affection, and constancy of all the Citizens towards his Highness, and the interests of the Prince his Brother, the Duke of Anguien his Nephew, the Princess of Conde, and the Dutchess of Longueville his Sister.

The Princes Answer was, That he desired them next day to meet at the Arch∣Bishops Palace, to agree upon the means how a durable Peace might be concluded. As the Deputies went out of Longueville House, they met with those who cryed out, Peace, with whom they joyned, every one taking some white Sign, and in a moment there was nothing heard throughout the City, but Vive le Roy & la paix, & meure L'Olmiere; the Women, Children, and all others, took some white mark, and who had nothing else, got a piece of Rag, or white Paper; and on the contrary the Olmeists, and those of the Princes party, got a piece of Sky Colour, or Isabella, for a distinction.

The Sandry following by the Princes order, there met in Counsel, the Counts 〈◊〉〈◊〉, de More, Fiesco, Mata d' Aubell, the Marquiss of Lusiguan, the Colonel B••••••hasar, the Counsellors Ramont, du Duc, and Espagnet, who had met at the Burse. There was also called unto this Counsel the President de

Tresne, who upon pretence either of a True, or Feigned disease, had kept himself for two years concealed at home, the affairs was there discoursed up∣on, and debated, with variety of opinions. Some of the Frondeurs to keep the Matter from comming to a resolution, either through ignorance, or ma∣lice, desired to delay the time that the matter might not come unto a Vote, which being suspected by Virlade, who was sufficiently informed of Mar∣sin's Arts, and knew of what importance the time was which was unprofi∣tably wasted, he staid with some of his friends in the Burse, and besides those who were with him the day before, got together the Monsieurs, Lacrup, Fa∣ther and Son, the Brothers of the Lestriges, Cosages, and several Persons fit for Action, with whom (that he might encourage the Deputies then in the Arch-Bishops Palace, and give some fright unto Marsin, and his party) toge∣ther with about 2000 Persons gottogether by their perswasions, he caused the House of Blaru, who was the Deputy in England, to be assaulted, that so the report which he had caused to be given out being increased, might be a motive unto the Prince of Conty, and the whole Assembly, to satisfie the Citi∣zens desires; but the People fickle and changing like the Wind, quickly gave proof of their inconstancy, and abandoned them in the middle of the Action.

The Heads of the enterprize, endeavoured to Rally the People but in vain, and in the mean time Night drew on, no resolution being taken; Virlade be∣thought himself to give some Doubloons unto Monsieur de Cabanieux his Kins∣man, that he should Assemble some of his Companions, and go unto St. Mi∣chaels Steeple, where taking down the Red Banner advanced there by those of the Olmiera, he should in Lieu of that Bloody, and Fatal Colour, fix there a White Banner with the Armes of France, which being punctually executed there, and upon the Steeples of San Remy, and San Pierre, by the Parish Priests there who were well affected to the King, as also upon the Gate near to the Burse, gave them so great an apprehension, that even Marsin himself, who was averse from Peace, condescended unto all that was required by the Merchants Deputies, upon the apprehension he had of some surprize intended towards him.

Twelve Deputies were thereupon picked out to consult together with the Princes Councel, touching the terms fit for the concluding of a Peace; But Marsin perceiving the fear he had to have been groundless, meeting the same Night in the Town-House (where the Prince of Conty lodged) with the officers of the Army, and other heads of the Olmiera, they Treated together touching the means to distrub the designes of those, who were well affected to his Majesty.

Those of the Olmiera proposed to have all persons to be Seised, and Execu∣ted, who had Assembled in the Burse; Marsin, and Fiesco, would have a mid∣dle course taken, that they should stand upon their defence, and bringing Forces into the City, should lodge them in the streets about the Town-house, unto the quarter of Sant Eulalia towards the Bishops Palace, and the Castle de Ha, where the inhabitants were not suspected; they resolved also to make use of an arrest of Parliament made about the Frondeurs, which prohibited all Assemblies as unlawful and Seditious, which were made upon pretence of ma∣king remonstrances unto the King for Peace, that so the Olmiera might Unite themselves with the remainder of the Parliament against the other Citizens.

The Prince of Conty liked not the bringing in of Forces, as a thing which would make the Citizens desperate, and oblige them to let in the Dukes of Vendosme, and Candale, which would be the utter Ruine, and Desolation of the City. But 'twas concluded that they should make use of the resolutions of the Parliament, the Councellors whereof going to meet next Morning, were hindred by a Company of Citizens, who told them, that the Parlia∣ment

was now in Agen, and not at Bourdeaux. Virlade caused a Corps de Guard to be put upon the Palace of Justice, to hinder the Councellors from meeting there, and at the Burse Gate, caused Monsieur Lovergnac an Advocate to read a Letter from the Duke of Candale, wherein he proffered them his Mediation, and a general Act of Oblivion. The people though they accept∣ed not thereof, prayed Virlade and Bacalan, to appear as their Tribunes, in those Councells which were held for publick Affairs in the Archbishops Pa∣lace.

Affairs in Bourdeaux standing in this posture, and the major part of the Citizens being for Peace, the French Generals thought fit for strengthen∣ing of those good intentions, and disabling the seditious persons of the Ol∣miera, from interrupting of them, to advance the Troops from the Quarter de la Begle, towards the Port de San Iulian, and at the same time to draw up the Fleet towards Lormont.

This Resolution was forth with put in execution, Candale's Troops march∣ing before by Land, who were about 4000 Foot, and 200 Horse, under the Command of three Lieutenants General Canillac, Marin, and Bougy; and of Coudray Monpensier, who Commanded the Horse, because the Count de Marinville, who was Lieutenant General, under whom were 1500 Foot, and about 1200 Horse, who came from Catalonia, stirred not from his Quarters at Blanquefort; the dust which the Horse marching raised mounting into the Aire in Clouds, and the noise of the Artillery from the Ships, and Gal∣leys, against the Post of Bacalan, was seen, and heard with so much confu∣sion and terrour, that the Frondeurs, and some Counsellours of Parliament who were at the Burse, presently broke up the Assembly, all pale, and trou∣bled, reproaching the rest that under colour of Peace, they endeavoured a Surprize and Desolation of the City.

Virlade used his utmost endeavours to have the Officers at the Ports (who were of the Olmiera) to be changed; but he, and the Advocate Dalon, were the onely men of that opinion; and consulting with him finding their de∣signs were now discovered, and that the people were in a rage against them, he resolved to go unto the Town-House, and there with some of his Friends to endeavour the naming of new Captains. He found there the Prince of Conty, and represented to him the Confusion wherein the City was, disor∣dered within, and attacked by the King's Forces without, that the Citizens not being willing to obey those who were now Captains, nor the Sergeant Major Periera, he besought him for his own security, to accept of those few Captains whom in the Cities name he tendered to him, giving him some jealousie of the Jurates pretensions against his authority, in case they should have the power to choose those persons as they desired.

The Prince to free himself from him, in a time wherein Surprises were to be feared, received their Oaths; they then went to Councel in the Arch∣Bishop's Palace, and Treated upon the Expedients for having Peace. Vir∣lada offered himself to go, and negotiate with the Duke of Candale, without expecting a Passport, or losing time: Marsin thought to spoil his design, by giving him Monsieur de Baz, a Colonel, and his great Confident, for a Com∣panion; But Virlada went away at Midnight, onely with the Prince's Pass, without de Baz. Monsieur de Bacalan was also named to go unto the Duke of Vendosme, together with Monsieur de Calapian, Brother of the Marquiss of Lusignan, a Colonel, in whom Marsin had also a great interest.

Virlada declared unto Candale the Intentions of the City, who were ready to return unto his Majestie's Obedience, and presented unto him the Com∣mission he had from them to Treat with him, as also a Letter of Credence from the Prince of Conty, whereby to prevent a Conspiracy against his life,

and liberty, by some who have absented themselves from Bourdeaux, but were now returned unto it; he declared his willingness to Treat with the Duke, being his particular Friend, for the security of all those of his Party; and did farther humbly beseech him, That he would interpose his Authority, that the good Citizens might receive Effects rather of the Clemency, than of the Iustice of his Majestie.

The Duke received these Expressions with much Courtesie, and professing himself to be a Friend, and Servant, of the Prince of Conty, made unto him all demonstrations of Esteem which were requisite to a good correspondence. But there being a necessity that in order to Treating of a Peace, a Truce should first precede, Virlada being earnest with him to grant it, the Duke answered, That he would resolve nothing therein without the Duke of Vendosme, with whom he had a perfect good intelligence. But whilest these things were acting, the Souldiers were strictly charged not to stirre out of their Quarters, nor commit any act of Hostility against the Lives or Goods of the Burde∣lois.

He sent also the Cavalier de Muns, Captain of his Guard, to complement the Prince, and assure the Citizens of his good Inclinations towards them, and of a sincere interposition with his Majestie in their favour; from thence the said Captain passed to the Duke of Vendosme, to give him an account of what was doing: Monsieur de Bacalan made the same submissions and pro∣tests unto the Duke of Vendosme, in the name of the Citizens; which were received by him with all expressions of Kindness and Favour, which were natural unto him.

The same day Monsieur de Gourville came from Court into the Duke of Vendosme's Quarters, and desiring to pass over unto the Duke of Candale, sent into Bourdeaux to demand a Pass, that being much the shorter way; the curiosity of the Commanders was the cause they sent him a Passport to come through the City, every one being desirous to hear some News, of what had happened since their separation from the Prince of Conde; and because the house where Monsieur Lenet lay was next unto the place where he alighted, he visited him first, and staid all Night with him, which gave some suspition unto the Prince of Conty, and the Dutchess of Longueville, they thought that coming from Court he might bring some Orders to Treat with Marsin, and Lenet, who stood then upon very bad terms with Conty, and Longueville; who being visited by him the next morning, were very earnest to know what Orders he brought: but Gourville professing that he would not have med∣led in any thing of that kind, without acquainting them, and that they ought to consider him as a person depending solely upon his Majesty's Service, the same did very much increase their jealousie and apprehension.

The curiosity of these Princes kept him in a long discourse of several things, which wrought the same effect in the minds of Marsin, and Lenet, as his conversation before with Lenet had done in theirs; and the rather, be∣cause having treated of nothing at all with them, they fancied, the Orders were to treat onely with the Prince, so as both the one, and the other, re∣mained equally suspitious of each other; Gourville went on in his Journey, and together with Monsieur de Bas, (the Colonel who was by Marsin sent to take notice of Virlada's actings) came to the Duke of Candale, by whom he was most civilly received, and communicating with him touching those things were to be done for the King's Service in Bourdeaux, and by agree∣ment with Virlada, got a suspension of Arms for three dayes, in which time the Duke pretended that he would confer personally with Vendosme, to adjust the Articles for a Truce, not onely for the City, but also for the whole Province of Guienne. Mean while the Prince of Conty went to the Burse,

and there took a white Riband with the general satisfaction; but being in∣formed of the great inconveniences occasioned by the frequent commerce of the King's Officers and Souldiers in the City, he prohibited by advice of the Citizens, that any should be admitted without Passports.

Virlada being returned to Bourdeaux, informed the Prince of his Negotia∣tions with Candale, and communicated the same also unto the Citizens; Marsin being troubled to see that Treaty near a conclusion, which by so ma∣ny artifices he had endeavoured to protract, or quite break off, would not consent that any answer should be made out of the Archbishop's Palace; whereupon Virlada to animate the people, and make them fond of Peace, published another Writing from the Duke of Candale, whereby he gave per∣mission unto the Citizens to go securely unto their Country houses, about their Vintage, and distributed Passes to as many as required them.

The Duke of Vendosme sent also Monsieur de Butin, his Secretary, into Bur∣deaux, to acquaint the Citizens with the good inclinations he had to favour them, but that he would not Treat without the Duke of Candale his consent, and to the end the Propositions might be with the more ease examined; and agreed, That the Duke of Candale and he would meet together, and not part till the Treaty were concluded, or broken off; Butin was received with great applause, but Cavalier Todias principal Jurate declared, It was against the Rules of Warr, and their own interest, to make a shew of so much fondness after Peace. The Secretary was also sent again, and Vendosme's Letter was directed to the Prince of Conty. Marsin appearing at the Councel called in the Archbishop's Palace, reproved Virlada, That he had suffered in his pre∣sence, Feran the Hugonot Minister to speak unto the Duke of Candale, against the Princes Party; and added, That 'twas a demonstration made it evident, that the Hugonots hated the Spaniard, which was against the Common interest, considering there was no Succour to be expected from any other place then Spain; but that both be, and Feran, would be therein disowned by the other Townesmen.

Virlada answered, That he was Servant to the King, and a good French-man, and therefore he assured himself that honest men would never blame him; and what the bad said be little cared. The relations which Virlada and Bacalan made of their Negotiations, were a great trouble to Marsin, who foresaw therein the loss of his cause, and that the major part of the Inhabitants were disposed to return unto his Majestie's obedience.

There was a Passport then demanded for Vendosme's Galleysto go and bring the Duke of Candale unto Begle; Marsin opposed it, saying there might be some Treason therein, and offered that he should be carried in the Town-Shipping. Virlada, and Bacalan, disliked that Proposition, and said, That 'twas not reasonable the King's General should be carried by any other Shipping than his Majesties: Wherewith Marsin being more incensed, there passed a Contest, and high words between the parties, and he made instance that the said Deputies might be changed; but they being well liked of by the Loyal Party, were not removed but confirmed in their Imployment, and the Articles of the Truce were set down, the substance whereof was, That all Hostility should cease till the conclusion or breach of the Treaty; That the Souldiers should not have Commerce with the Inhabitants, unless they Pass-Ports from the Generals. That after the King's Forces were drawn off, Quarters should be given to those of the Princes 4. Leagues from Bourdeaux. That during the Truce Privisions should go freely into the City. That Pass-Ports should be given to some for Flanders, to give notice hereof unto the Prince of Conde; and for Spain, unto the Catholick King, That Balthasar with his Troops might retire to Tartas. There was a dispute about the Article touching Pass-Ports for Spain, and 'twas changed by the Prince of Conty, who agreed, That notice

should be given to the Spanish Admiral, with a desire that he would not set sayl for Bourdeaux, because he should be there neither assisted, nor received.

All these things were wonderfully displeasing to Marsin, and to all the other constant Servants of Conde, and such as were averse unto the Peace; they therefore caused new whispers and divisions to arise in the City, set∣ting afoot Cabals to overthrow all good concord and agreement; these re∣presented that there was sufficient store of Corn in the Town for three Moneths; that the want of provisions, and Diseases got into the King's Army daily increased, so as they could not long subsist, nor make head against the least attack of the Spanish Fleet, which was hourly expected stored with all provisions of Victuals, Money, and Souldiers, so as holding of but some few dayes, they might obtain a much more advantageous Peace. That in Flanders, the Prince of Conde with a powerful Army was able to march up even to Paris, without hinderance, by reason of the weakness of the King's Army, and disaffection of the people to Mazarine. They went on detesting the Propositions of the Peace now in hand, as unworthy the name of their Union, & contrary unto their promises, so often reiterated unto the Prince of Conde not to abandon him; That this was onely the effect of a Conspiracy by some few persons, corrupted by the Court, and disposed to better their own Fortunes by the publick ruine; That they were to beware of their offers as of the Syrens Song, and that when one hath highly displeased his Prince, there was no better counsel then to endeavour never to see him but in Picture.

On the other side, those who knew the artifices of the Seditious persons, held forth other Reasons, they alledged; That things were now brought near to the extremity, which was, that they should through inadvertence either fall into the hands, and under the insupportable Yoke of the Spaniard, or become a mise∣rable prey to the Arms, and Indignation of their own King, that the Town could not fall under a greater Tyranny then was exercised among them by the Prince's Troops, who in fine sought nothing else then to satisfie the furious raging desire they had to deprive them of their Goods and Honour, and leave them in a languish∣ing and miserable condition. That being 'twas impossible the City should be redu∣ced unto worse terms, they ought to lay hold on the fair opportunity offered to re∣deem them from such evident danger, whilest the Generals with unexpected kind∣ness offered to all the favours of his Majestie's Clemency, and esteemed it a glory to themselves rather to have obtained their Pardon, than to have been the instru∣ments of his Majestie's revenge upon them; That the time was now come wherein they might cancell all the dishonourable blemishes of Rebellion, by making it appear that 'twas rather the violent effects of a few turbulent spirits, than the inclination of the generality.

That Marsin as a stranger, for his own interest (whereof he plainly shew∣ed himself much carefuller then of the Princes) endeavoured to bring things unto the extremity, by the false and counterfeit pretences of a relief, which were rather to be abhorred, then entertained, since by giving a farther nou∣rishment unto the War, it would precipitate the people into an Eternal in∣extricable confusion, wherein their own Revenues would be totally destroy∣ed, the same consisting in their Traffick with strangers, and their Vintage, whereof the one was now shut up, and interrupted, and the other would be totally destroyed if they were hindred from gathering of their Grapes. They added, That the Princes professing to have care of the peoples good, would not desire that for the interest of a few Partisans of theirs, so many Innocent Persons should be destroyed, and they being of so high Birth, and Quality, might when they would submit, be restored unto their former greatness, and Authority in France, wherein whoever was a French-man,

had an Antipathy against the Spaniard, who rejoyced at these troubles, and sought his own advantage by it, alluring the unwary with the Lustre of his Gold, and flattering hopes, rather than by strong effective Succours; and they concluded, that having a Soveraign bestowed upon them by God Almigh∣ty, they were not to doubt but he would perform those Great and Magnani∣mous Actions, which consisted principally in forgetting injuries, and pardon∣ing offences.

These reasons which were avowed by almost all the Citizens in publick declarations, added to the fear of being again outraged by those of the Olmi∣era, if they should by the assistance of Forraign Forces rise again, made them to issue out a Total prohibition of any Assembly of the Olmiera, and with much diligence to renew all the Captaines of the Quarters, and keep a strick Watch at the Gates, to hinder the entry of all stranger Souldiers.

The Colonel Balthasar was also privately Treated withal in the Duke of Candal's name, that they might gain him, he being a frank and generous Person, who in case he were re-united with Marsin, could do more hurt then any other, but by reason of several disgusts received, was not then in good intelligence with him.

Virlada being in this mean while returned to Begle, that he might accom∣pany the Duke of Candale to Lormont, and be present at the Treaty of the general Truce; the Duke had notice sent him at Mid-night by an express Courrier from Vendosme, that 35 Sail of Spaniards were in sight of Blaye, whereupon the Truce of 3 days being now expired, Candale thought fit to give them another without limitation of time, which should continue till the conclusion of the Peace, and publications of the Amnestie; this he did to in∣gage the Citizens in a Treaty, before they were advertised of the Arrival of the Spanish Fleet, least otherwise they might change their opinion, and concur with the heads of the contrary party.

He therefore concluded, and carefully settled the same, and dispatched Virlada into Bourdeaux, to draw from the Prince of Conty a precise resoluti∣on, and a publick declaration for the King's service.

Being come unto the City he found it in great Commotion, by the Arti∣fices of Marsin, who having been at the Burse together with Lenet, to excuse themselves from the practices imputed to them, had in part satisfied them, and removed the jealousies conceived of them, and by distributing Money amongst the common people, had gained a good part of them, and par∣ticularly those of the Confraternity of St. Iames, being there numerous enough above 1500 Persons, in the procession usually made on that Saint's day, and had thereupon caused them to tye Red Ribons in their Hats, and ap∣pointed them to cry through the streets, and in the Procession it self, Vive tes Princes.

Virlada being much troubled with this Novelty, went to them with the Trumpet from Candale, from some of them he took their Red strings, giving them White in lieu thereof, and by distributing Money amongst them, made them cry Vive le Roy & la paix, from thence going to the Town-house where the Prince of Conty was, he was earnest with him to declare himself either for Peace or War, that he as his servant could not choose but let him know, the danger wherein he stood was very great, Marsin desiring to make himself Master of the Town, though with the Ruine of his Highness, and therefore he desired him to continue the suspension of Arms which be∣ing to last till the conclusion of the Peace, rendred him secure, and took from the King's Generals all occasions to attempt any Enterprize, or Plot, which in that troublesome time might with ease be put in execution, to the endangering of himself, aud his friends, or at least with very little honour to him.

These occasions entred far into the Prince's mind, replete with genero∣sity, and greatness, and therefore much inclined to receive such Counsels as were fortified with reason, and with justice, which together with the perswasions of Gourville, who had about the same time been very earnest with him to cast off all thoughts to the contrary, made him at last resolve to underwrite the suspension of Arms, which was published, and the Prince went unto the Burse, to make a publick declaration of the Treaties.

There was afterwards read the Articles of Peace which were to be pro∣posed, as also a Renuntiation from the Citizens of all Treaties with the English, or Spaniards; and this was done in publick with much frankness by the Prince, and followed by great acclamations from the people.

The Arrival of the Spanish Fleet was not yet known in Bourdeaux, and those who knew the inconstancy o'th' people, used all possible means to hide it from them; the Duke of Candale went to Lormont, and together with the Duke of Vendosme, signed the Articles of the Truce in the same Terms they were presented, excepting onely the giving of quarters unto the Princes Troops, the passport for Baltissar, and Licence to bring Victuals, and provisions into the City.

The time was afterwards agreed upon when they should meet with the Deputies to Treat upon the Articles of Peace; and the designes of the Se∣ditious persons, and of the Spaniards being thus broken, the French Gene∣rals were highly satisfied, and the rather because 'twas much to be sus∣pected that if the Sprnish Fleet had appeared sooner, they might have easily relieved Bourdeaux, and ruined all the King's Affairs in Guienne, whose in∣terest would also have suffered very much in other parts of the Kingdom, by so potent a diversion.

The Spanish Shipping cast Anchor at the mouth of the Garonne, and the Generals thereof being advertised of the Bourdelois their resolutions, as they were ready by the Tide of Flood to attempt relieving of them, were con∣founded, and astonished, and that they might not with so much danger in∣gage themselves into the River not being certain to be received as friends, but rather to be used as Enemies, continued still at Anchor, sending with all care unto the Court of Spain, to give them notice of this alteration of Affairs, and receive orders what was to be done in this Conjuncture, they dispatched also news of it unto the Spanish Ministers in Flanders, and to the Prince of Conde, who then found all his hopes were blasted, as being well assured the Spanish Shipping would never pass into Bourdeaux, nor get any advantage in case they Fought.

Upon the 27th of Iuly the Deputies being in number 12, to whom was added the foresaid Viscount de Virlada, to Negotiate with the Generals, proposed the Articles of Peace, the chief amongst them being the Cavalier Todias. One of the Citizens called Baratau, was by the Prince of Conty's permission sent to give notice unto the Spanish Fleet, that the City had quitted all Leagues, and Confederacies concluded with the King of Spain, and renounced all succours promised by him.

The Articles of Peace being read by the Generals, there were found amongst some demands so prejudicial to the King's Authority, that they were upon the point of dismissing the Deputies without a word speaking; but it being doubted that the Bourdelois would desperately throw them∣selves upon the Spaniards, who were now so near at hand, they took a mid∣dle course which was more proper, that is to continue the Treaty, and come unto a conference, in which those things which could not be granted should be referred unto his Majesty, rather then dismiss the Deputies, which would have given great boldness to Marsin, and disgust unto the people,

and when the well affected Citizens should find their hopes deluded, 'twas thought they would be easily induced, to admit the Spanish succours.

They therefore recalled the Deputies, and after they had offered them a general Oblivion for the inhabitants, in the same form 'twas granted to the Parisians, and as 'twas Registred in the Parliament transferred to Agen, unto the Princes, and Princesses, and all others of their party, such Passports as they could desire, unto the Generals, and French Officers, Licence to re∣tire themselves unto their Houses, and to the foraign Forces leave to de∣part the Kingdom, they promised the next day to examine in a Confe∣rence the Articles of the peace, which being made known to the Prince of Conty, and the inhabitants in an Assembly at the Burse, all the Articles were in two Sessions agreed, and set down in manner following.

Upon the first, and second, after reading of the King's Declaration in 1650, it was agreed that a General Pardon and Oblivion should be granted to all the Bourdelois, together with a confirmation of their Priviledges: Upon the third, which concerned the person of the Prince of Conde, and his indempnity, 'twas referred unto the King; but to the end he might have notice of the present Treaty, a Courrier was to go with a Pass-Port unto the Court, and from thence with his Majestie's Pass unto him in Flanders. In ease the Prince of Conty, and the Dutchess of Longueville would be compre∣hended in the Amnestie of Bourdeaux, 'twas allowed unto them; or if they desired it apart, it should be granted to them in the best form, and verified for them, and those who depended on them, in the Parliament of Paris; as also that for the Bourdelois, in the Parliament of Guienne: To the Duke of Angaren, and the Princess his Mother, Passports should be granted for their security, or stay, in case they would settle their abode in any part of the Kingdom. Unto Marsin, Licence to go unto the Country of Liege, whereof he was a Native, either by Sea or Land; The like unto the Count de Mora, the Marquess of Lusignan, Lenet, and others, in case they refused the Am∣nestie.

There grew some difficulty about the Gens d' Armes of the Prince's Guard, and the Regiment of Anguien, the Generals pretending that those being the King's Troops ought to be disbanded, or take pay under his Majesty; but the example of the Capitulation at Bellagarde, made them consent to give them Billet for Quarters in France unto the Frontiers, the Regiment of Marche, and de Marcousse, together with all others of the Princes party were disbanded.

Unto the Irish was licence also given to retire into Spain, but they had privately (as hath been said) agreed already with the French Generals. The Castles were restored, the prisoners freed, but the demolition of the Fort Caesar, Bourg, Libourne, and other places, was referred to the King's plea∣sure.

There was a long dispute touching the returning of the Parliament to Bourdeaux, and upon the Article for taking off the imposition settled at Blaye, of two Crowns upon every Tun of Wines, the reimbursement of Debts con∣tracted during the Warr, upon Rents, and Merchandises, touching the revo∣cation of the discharge of Taxes, and Tithes, for ten years, and the suppres∣sion of the Court of Aides; all which Articles being of high importance, were referred to his Majesty, that such course might be taken in them, as to his Majesty should seem most fitting.

The Generals also refused to include in this Treaty the New Town d' Age∣nois, and other Cities of the Princes party, saying, They were at their own free∣dome to accept the Amnesty, and submit voluntarily unto his Majestie's Autho∣rity.

After this Conference the Duke of Vendosme asked of the Deputies, How the City would be satisfied, these Articles being agreed unto, the King's Amnestie being granted in that manner, and the Souldiery being retired. This was for a long time debated in the Town-House upon the 29th of Iuly, where the Prince of Conty, together with the Duke of Anguien; and Lenet, being present, the Proposition from the Generals was examined. The Contents thereof was, That these Articles being under-written, they should rely upon their words as Per∣sons of Honour; and that in regard time would be spent in writing, and receiving an answer with the King's confirmation, the Generals should forthwith enter into the City, and they would then allow them Victuals, and safe Conducts for the Prin∣ces, and Licence for their Troops to retire; but in case they would expect his Ma∣jestie's Declaration before they suffered them to enter, they intended not in such case to permit them to be relieved with Victuals, nor to suffer any to go out of the City but their Deputies.

Upon this the Councellors of Parliament that remained in Bourdeaux; be∣ing all of them Frondeurs, and principally Monsieurs d' Espagnet, and de Saux, maintained, That in this case 'twas better to have Warr, than a doubtful incertain Peace; and that they ought not to consent that the King's Declaration should be re∣gistred elsewhere than in the Parliament sitting at Bourdeaux, or that the Gene∣rals should be permitted to enter into the City.

In this Intrigue, they took for the best Expedient to cause the Peace to be forthwith published, to expect the King's Ratification thereof, and give Ho∣stages mutually, but not to permit the Generals to enter the City. They added to this (because the people began to rise in Tumults, desiring an end of the Treaty, and of their miseries) a Request, That the Troops might draw off, and that some dayes might be allowed unto the Princes for adjusting of their busi∣nesses. But the French Generals refusing to condescend to this Demand, an∣swered, That unless the Peace were intirely settled, the King's Forces could not draw off from Bourdeaux; and that as long as the Princes, Princesses, Marsin, Lenet, and others, were in the City, they could grant them nothing but the Cessation of Arms agreed by the Truce of the 30th of July.

The Prince of Conty, who had signed a Treaty for himself, and all his Family with Gourville, declared in the Assembly of the Burse, That he would trust un∣to the General's Parol, and desired not that for any interest of his, or of his Fami∣ly, the Citizens should be hindred from coming to an end of their Miseries, by draw∣ing off their Forces from them; That as for himself, he was resolved forthwith to leave the City, and retire himself to Cadillac. It was also declared by the Ca∣valier Todias, That the Princess of Conde would retire her self unto L'Esparre, and the Dutchess of Longueville to Plassac, there to expect Passports or the Am∣nesty. Which coming after, Longueville by consent of the Duke her Husband, went to reside out of the noise of Troubles in a Monastery of Nuns, in the Fauxbourg of the City of Moulins, in the Burbonese.

The Deputies therefore returning that day, they concluded, That the Dukes might conformably to the Conditions, their own Quality, and the Honour due to the King's Commands, enter into the City whensoever they should please, and that the Princes Souldiers should retire as they desired. The Passports were brought un∣to the Princess of Conde, Duke d' Anguien, Marsin, and Lenet, by Monsieur de Comminges.

The same day the Duke of Vendosme sent the Count of Montesson; and the Duke of Candale, the Count of Marinville to Court, for the Ratifications which were necessary. The manner of the General's Entry into the City, and of their Reception there, being afterwards agreed upon the first of Au∣gust: Virlada brought from the Duke of Candale unto the Citizens, a general freedom for their Goods in the Countrey, and liberty for bringing in provi∣sions

although the Generals made not their Entry untill the third of August; The Prince of Conty being the day before retired to Cadillac, the Princess of Conde towards Castillon upon Medoc, to take Shipping, and the Dutchess of Longueville attended by Monsieur de Comminges, went to Plassac.

After this, Courriers were dispatched unto the King, the Queen; and the Cardinal, to give them notice of this agreement. The Entry of the Gene∣rals being then agreed, they came thither upon the third of August, Vendosme from Lormont, and Candale from Begle, accompanied with the principal Commanders of the Army, and their Guards of Horse and Foot, and alighted in the Convent of the discalced Carmelites, where they were received by the whole Body of the City out of the Port de Chappelle Rouge, and brought with Acclamations of Vive le Roy, through the City Companies standing in Arms, which made up above 12000 Foot, unto the Cathedral Church of St. Andrew, where Te Deum was sung, and an Eloquent Sermon preached by the Father Ythier, Exhorting all to continue constant in his Majestie's Ser∣vice, and to enjoy the sweets of Peace: From thence the Dukes were con∣ducted unto the Lodgings prepared for them, comforting with their lovely and grateful presence, that whole City, wherein the Sun (having as it were a horrour of the passed tumults) seemed not to shine forth with his ac∣customed cheerful splendour.

There each of the Dukes received severally the complements of all the Companies of the City, and were Treated with a huge Supper, with so great abundance of all delicacies, as made it evident, that not want, but abundance of Affection and Loyalty, had occasioned the opening of the Gates unto them.

On the other side the Dukes to shew a grateful correspondence, presently discharged their own Guards, and gave order that the Citizens should mount the Guards at their Lodgings, and did what they could to make it appear that they confided in them; that being the principal thing which nourishes good will in subjects, and with letting them see the Force of their affection, obliges them to a return of love for those, who are desirous of their safety.

The next day in presence of the Bishop of Tule six new Jurates were cho∣sen, all persons of worth, who during the late Revolutions had rendred them∣selves very remarkable for their Loyalty; afterwards the Assemblies in the Burse being now ended, they returned again unto the usual place in the Town-house, new purged of all that Infamy, and the Plangues, which had been practised there, during the meetings of the Olmiera.

The Princess of Conde having in this interim left Bourdeaux, imbarked in the Ship called Saint Sauveur, to go unto Castillon upon Medoc, with the Duke of Anguien her Son, accompanied by Monsieur Lenet, and convoyed till she took Ship by Monsieur de Bousquet, Savagnac with 200 Horse, Marsin went into Spain by Sea, and the Count Fiesco took Post thither.

The Prince of Conty (who would not conclude any Treaty apart from his Family, without comprehending therein the Prince his Brother, so as a time might be allowed unto him to accept the Amnestie) seeing that the Dutchess of Longueville, Marsin, and Lenet himself, were ready to conclude one for themselves without including him therein; He therefore proposed to conclude with Monsieur Gourville, that the Princess of Conde, and Duke d' Anguien, should with security Retire to Stenay, or any other place depend∣ing upon the Prince her Husband; that Lenet should have the same Liberty to go away either by Sea, or Land; and also that Marsin might likewise go into Holland, or the Country of Leige, leaving his Wife in Normandy. That it should be Lawful for the Prince of Conty himself, to Retire unto any of his Houses so he accepted of the Amnestie, which was also to be ac∣cepted

by the Dutchess of Longueville, who was to have Licence to go un∣to Newcastle in Switzerland, or any other place where she should be direct∣ed by the Duke her Husband. He on his part promised that he, and the Princesses, would by themselves, their friends, and dependents, co-operate to the submission of Bourdeaux, and give the Citizens free Liberty to make their agreements; but that in case the Peace were not concluded upon by the Town before the 17th day of August, that yet the Prince, and those of his party should Bona fide execute their parts; which agreement was subscribed by them and by the Duke of Candale upon the 25th of Iuly.

The Prince of Conty coming to Cadillac, found there Monsieur de Lang∣lade, Secretary to Cardinal Mazarine sent about the Treaties at Bourdeaux, but falling sick he could not be present at the conclusion in the City.

Mean while Colonel Baltasser finding that things went very ill with the Princes, and his disgusts with Marsin still encreasing, entred into a Treaty after the Citizens by permission from the Princes had begun theirs, and came over to the King's Service together with 600 Foot, and 400 Horse. This was concluded at the same time with that of Bourdeaux, and the Irish also at the same time entred themselves into his Majestie's pay; Baltasser had received great disgusts from the Prince of Conde, all things being com∣municated onely with Marsin, himself being in the mean time ill paid, and less regarded by the Prince's Ministers. Baltasser did also another ser∣vice of importance to the King's interests, by causing Monsieur de la Roche, who was in the City of Perigueux, with 100 Foot, and 60 Dragoons, to re∣turn under his Majestie's Command.

He by reason of a suspition entred into his mind that the Marquess of Chanlo Governour of the place, intended to clap him up, came out with se∣veral of his friends and joyned with the King's Forces, and was in a great measure the cause of a Treaty which began with the inhabitants of the said City, to reduce it under his Majestie's Obedience.

The Brother of Father Ythier the Jesuite guided the Hall, who went about not only disposing the minds of the Citizens, but watching narrowly for all occasions; Father Bertaut was his partner in this imployment, who Offici∣ated for the said Father Ythier being then sick: There was also a secret Treaty begun with the Irish of the Garrison; but the Goverour who suspected, and therefore kept a watchful Eye over them, upon some jealousie conceived, caused the Captains to be arrested, and divided the Common Souldiers amongst his Confidents.

The Duke of Candale who being of a generous Soul, hated to overcome even Enemies by Deceit, and Treachery, liked not these ways, but resolved to besiege the City, and have the Glory to have won it by the Sword in a fair War. He had already caused Cannon to be Shipped, and sent away the Mar∣quess de Saufbeuf to invest it with part of the Forces, Commanded by the Mar∣quess of Cavillac, and Count of St. Germans. But the Citizens knowing how great a prejudice the City would suffer by expecting a Siege, resolved according to the example of the Bourdelois, to put themselves in Arms, and take the Guard of the Ports from the Souldiers of the Garrison.

The Governour having notice of this Novelty, who was upon a Treaty about quitting that Country, and getting leave to march his men unto the Prince of Conde his Patrone, presently drew all his men into a Body, put them in Battalia in the great Piazza, and being something heated with Wine as com∣ing from a Wedding Feast, went hastily accompanied only with his Page, and one of the Consuls of the Town, unto the House of Monsieur de Budon procureur General, to know what Assembly was made upon such occasions without his privity▪ He was kept out of Budon's house, and told there was

no meeting there, but endeavouring to come in by Force, some Pistols were discharged upon him by friends of the Procureur General who were then with him, and he fell dead. Whereupon the inhabitants taking heart began to run about the streets, and cry Vive le Roy, & la paix, and committed Bar∣barous outrages upon the Body.

The Souldiers by this sad dismal change were so confounded and dishear∣tened, that although Monsieur de la Baune Lieutenant Colonel of the Regi∣ment of Conde, endeavoured with much Gallantry to keep in a Body, and oppose the peoples fury, yet in a short time they threw down their Arms, and disbanded, some here, some there, the Town remaining without oppo∣sition in the hands of the Citizens, who forthwith writ unto the Marquess de la Douze, one of the prime Lords of that Country, desiring him that he would procure their Deputies access unto the Duke of Candale, from whose hands they would receive the Amnestie and put themselves under his Ma∣jesties obedience, which was done; one called Magot being Broken upon the Wheel; 16 of the most Seditious persons banished, and a new Election being made of Officers, and Captains of the Quarters.

Perigeaux lyes upon the River Isle, which divides the City into two parts; the Situation of it is something raised, upon a rising ground in a Champane Country, compassed with good fortifications made by the Prince of Conde's care, who repaired it with the addition of new works; the people Fierce, and War-like, as are all the Gascons, who become good, and stout Souldi∣ers; this City is numbred amongst the most Antient, and Noble Towns of Guienne.

The Villeneuf d' Agenois, which was grown Proud with having resisted, and broken the designs of Count d'Harcourt against it, after it had been quit∣ted by the Marquess de Theubon (emulating the fury of the Olmiera, in imi∣tation of those inhabitants had taken some Companies into their pay, made their brags that they would by that means keep themselves free) was also in great likelihood of being surprised by the Count de Valliac, who had made an agreement with some Citizens, that having seised upon a Tower thought to have brought him in, but the design being discovered took no effect.

The Troops conducted by the Marquess d' Aubeterre chanced to draw neer unto it, at the time when their Corn being Ripe (wherein the Town is very rich) the people were just going out to Harvest, whereupon they fear∣ing to be deprived of their Rents, without which they could not live at ease, preferred the fear of Misery, before the Ambition of being free, and sent Deputies unto the Prince of Conty, desiring him either to send them relief, or make their Peace; but Bourdeaux being now reduced, and the Prince ha∣ving retired to Cavillac, and laid down Arms, the persons employed were brought to the said Count Valliac, and from thence unto the Duke of Can∣dale, who sent thither Monsieur de Ribere, a Councellor of State, and Offi∣cer of the Army, with whom the Amnestie was concluded, but upon con∣dition, that the Walls should be thrown down, the fortifications dismantled, and the Citizens who had offended because they were Purse-proud, should pay 4000 Doubloons, reserving also a Liberty to dispose of 20 persons Pri∣soners, two of which were hanged up by the Neck upon the publick Gal∣lows.

Villeneuf d' Agenois stands in a spatious Plain, compassed with Antient, but strong Walls, bathed by the Loth, a River which rising in the Mountain of Ge••odan, after it hath with a Rapid course passed through the Provinces of Rovergne, and Quercy, comes to run calmely in Agenois, and loose its Name in the Garronne; not being Navigable before it comes to the Villeneuf. It

was heretofore very plentiful of excellent Fish, and particularly of Pikes, but after the Fishing of them was forbidden by St. Ambrose Bishop of Cahors, and that the people refused to obey him, it hath been constantly observed, and found true, that there hath never more been any there. The people is there very numerous, because the Commerce for Corn, and fruits, is more abundant there than in any other part, and the Citizens being thereby wonderfully enriched, were swelled to a great heighth of Pride and Inso∣lence.

Whilest the Dukes of Vendosme and Candale were ordering the Affairs of Bourdeaux, with all mildness and sweetness possible, being notwithstanding watchful over the Actions of some, who full of perfidiousness were by the sweet harmony of their Virtues rendred more Barbarous and Savage; the Chevalier Carteret, an English-man, had notice that one Edward sent from the Parliament of England, was hid somewhere about the Countrey, pri∣vately blowing the coals of that Rebellion, which was not yet totally ex∣tinguished, in the minds of some Seditious persons, whereupon a little Fe∣louke being by chance taken with Letters from Lenet to this same Edward, which invited him unto a Councel was to held aboard the Admiral of Spain: There were also taken two Citizens of Bourdeaux, with Billets from Lenet to several persons in that City, and particularly unto some Women, in which their intentions of re-uniting themselves with the Spaniard, and fomenting the hopes of the Frondeurs, being sufficiently manifested, the same gave oc∣casion to the said Dukes to open their Eyes, and apply themselves with all diligence to minister fitting Remedies, for making up those Wounds which were not as yet sufficiently healed.

Espagnet, after the Procession of the 15th of August, was imprisoned, and with a good Guard sent unto the Castle of Angoulesme. There were Pass∣ports given unto divers persons suspected of plotting some new Conspiracy, and amongst these were the Counsellors de Duc, Morpin, and La Chese. Some Troops were ordered to march into the Meiau, that they might go aboard the King's Shipping, and fight the Spanish Fleet which rid at Anchor in sight of Royan, a little place, but wonderfully strong, with a Castle seated upon a rising ground, which makes it more defensible, being a place of great Im∣portance, having on the right hand Xaintonge, and on the left, the Country of Medoc: Other Souldiers were put into Xaintonge it self, where all the Countrey was in Arms, for fear the Spaniards should land; and all other the inconveniences which might happen, were so well provided against, that Rebellion could take no footing, nor disturb the publick quiet and content∣ment, which was generally in Bourdeaux, where they were grown wise at their own costs; the conveniences of good order being no where so well known, as where disorders have been experienced.

Whilest the Affairs in Guienne passed in the manner above rehearsed, the two Armies encamped upon the Frontiers of Flanders, with different designs. The Spaniards, and the Prince of Conde, having a great confidence in their Forces, which consisted in an Army of above 30000 Combatants, took up large Quarters, and endeavoured to draw the French Army unto a Battel, because in case they got the Victory, they thought they might march unto the Gates of Paris, to give countenance unto those whose minds were yet set upon Troubles, and fill all the Countrey with terrour and confusion, by breaking into the heart of France, before any thing could be done in Guienne to the advantage of the King.

But the number of Counsellors differed in their Opinions touching the way they were to take for the effecting of it; because, although the Prince of Conde was firm in his Opinion, That they ought to advance, without ingaging

themselves in the attacking of any Place before they came unto the Seine; the Spa∣niards notwithstanding, were very wary in concurring with the bold ven∣trous thoughts of this Warlike Prince, being loth either to engage their Army into some dangerous Pass, or to elevate Conde himself with too much Glory, as being jealous of his inconstancy. After many consults touching the course they were to hold, it was at last unanimously resolved, To endea∣vour by all means the forcing of the Enemy unto a Battel, according to the event whereof, they might afterwards proceed to farther resolutions. With these De∣signs therefore the Armies advancing, and confronting of each other, ••taid eight or ten dayes, having no other obstacle to hinder their encountring, but the River Oyse which ran between them.

The Mareschal Turenne (although inferiour in number to the Spanish Ar∣my) would have have accepted of the Battel, to which his noble Courage did provoke him, had not his daring spirit been restrained by that staid Ex∣perience which (though young in years) he had (to his great glory) gained in Two and twenty pitch'd Battels, wherein he had commanded; and he was forbidden by express Orders from the Cardinal, who seeing the Fortune of the Kingdom to depend upon that Army, would not expose to the uncer∣tainty of an Encounter upon so much disadvantage, all his past labours, pre∣sent condition, and future hopes. And thereupon following the opinion of that wise Roman, who destroyed the Carthaginian Army with holding it at a bay, without concerning himself for publick rumours, he contented himself with galling them sometimes in the flank, sometimes in front, and sometimes in the rear; with enforcing them sometimes to Quarter close together, some∣times to enlarge themselves; to hinder their Marches, reduce them into want of Victuals, and finally to overthrow all the designs they had projected against France.

But there being in Turenne, as well as the Prince of Conde, a most ardent desire of glory, he could not satisfie his Mind without giving some proof of his Courage upon some occasion, and therefore he passed the River one day with between 700 and 800 Horse, and joyning with the great Guard he kept beyond the River, charged that of the Enemy kept upon the head of the Marsh of Fonsomma, beat them into the gross of the Spanish Army, took many prisoners, and with incomparable Courage and Conduct made a safe retreat to his own Quarters.

Upon the 24th of Iuly, the King, Cardinal, and the whole Court came to the Army, where he was received with extraordinary Duty and Applause, by 100 Squadrons of Horse, and 18 Battalions of Foot drawn out, which made up in all 16000 Combatants, consisting of Old Souldiers inured unto the Warr, Expert Officers, and Noble Persons, who were Volunteers. Tu∣renne being willing to give them the Divertisement of a Skirmish, which was wonderfully desired by his Majesty, who was full of Lively Martial thoughts, passed the Oyse at a Foord, with the Guard of Cavalry, Gens d' Arms, and about 1000 Horse drawn out of the Army, charged upon, and beat up the same Guard of Conde, who taking it for granted, that the French Generals upon his Majesty's arrival were resolved to give Battel, drew up all his Ar∣my, and stood firm, observing the motion of the French until the King re∣tired, and that 'twas known to have been onely a party, at which time they were troubled, they had not advanced and tried their Fortune.

His Majesty staid all that day in the Camp, filling all persons, by the Ma∣jesty of his presence, with Courage and Desire, to do something which might signalize them in his Service.

He Dined that day in Turenne's Quarters with a good number of the prin∣cipal Commanders, who sate at Table with him; at Night he Supped in

those of the Mareschal de la Ferte Senneterre with the same order, and lodged in Turenne's Quarters in the middest of the Army, and went the next day from thence towards Paris.

Two or three dayes after the King's departure, the Spanish Army rose from these Posts, and took their March directly towards San Simon, and Se∣rocourt, Passes upon the River Somme, between Ham, and San Quintin; That of France followed it, marching the way of Fera, lodged at Chery, and Maiou, and passing the Oyse in the same place where it makes a little Island; and a little higher at Verduel, it drew up in Battalia a little above Travessy, where it encamped, alwayes observing the Enemy that he might not have time to invest any place, or throw up Works about it as they desired to have done, after they perceived the difficulty of drawing the French to a pitched Bat∣tail.

Conde doubting least Turenne should be upon his Back as they filed along by San Simon, was careful in the passage, and took up Quarters onely a league from Ham, which gave great apprehension that he thought of besieging that most Important place, situated upon the Somme between St. Quintin, and Peronne.

This Motion obliged the French Generals to advance unto Chauny, a Town upon the Oyse, and from thence to coast unto Noyon, chief Town of a Coun∣ty, strong in Men, and situate upon the same River, where they made a halt some dayes, during which (the Spaniards making head against them) the Prince of Conde went with 6000 men to Magny, and from thence to Roye, a walled Town upon the head of the River Moreul, and approaching it on three sides, got it by Surrender in 15 hours, there being none but the Inhabitants, and some Gentlemen of the Countrey thereabouts who ran in, to defend it; and being without Parapets, or other Fortifications.

The taking of this being understood by the French Generals, they suspect∣ing the Attack of some place upon the Somme, marched to Magny. Conde designing the Enterprise of Corbie, a most Important place Royally built, sea∣ted upon the Somme, between Peronne and Amiens, made shew of marching with part of the Army and Artillery upon the way of Beauvais, a City, the Metropolis of a rich County, one of the strongest and wealthiest of France, bathed by the River Therin, that he might cause the French to draw off from the Post which they had taken, and at the same time clap about Corbie.

Turenne who by long experience was able to discover the Prince's Arts, and knew full well that he would not engage himself into France with so many strong Towns behind him, and an Army in flanck, instead of marching after him, as it might seem probable he should have done, after he had con∣sulted with the Mareschal his Collegue, upon the 9th of August marched that very Night to Magny, where they made the rejoycings due for the good News of the Reduction of Bourdeaux; which filled all their Minds with confidence of good success, and presently passing the River, dispatched the Count Schomberg, Lieutenant of the Company of the Scotch Guard, with 400 Horse, and 200 Foot, to reinforce Corbie, and prevent the Prince's designs upon it.

All the French Army marched at the same time towards Ham, passed the River by night, and quartered on the other side, where having notice, that the Count de Maile, with a great Convoy of Ammunition, and Victuals, 4000 men drawn out of the Garrisons of Flanders, and 6000 Freebooters, was parted from Cambray, to reinforce the Spanish Camp before any place they should besiege; presently with the best part of the Horse, and a party of choice Foot, Turenne at break of day, put himself upon his march that way

where the said Convoy was to pass, to look for, and Fight it; which was the best thing he could have done, and would have spoiled all the Enemies de∣signes.

Conde perceiving the French march, as he that had a perfect knowledg of the manner of proceeding of Turenne, and the best part of the other Cap∣tains, who had formerly served under his Command, perceived that his design was discovered, and suspecting what the Enemy might Enterprize, made a sudden turn, and with the lightest of the Horse marched presently to∣wards the Somme, sending notice by Polinet his Ajutant di Camera to the said Count de Maile, to return unto Cambray without passing farther: Polinet in his return the same day, was taken Prisoner by a party of the King's Forces, and it being known by him, and after confirmed by the Scouts, who had been to discover even to the Gates of Cambray, that Maile was retired, and that the Prince having cast two Bridges of Boats over the Somme, had passed it, and was Lodged upon the banks thereof between Corbie, and Bre, Turenne with all speed returned unto his Camp, which was now advancing towards him, and together with the Mareschal Ferte Senneterre, secured their Baggage under the Walls of Peronne, and encamped about a little Village not far di∣stant thence, and neer the Spanish Army, from whence they took the advan∣tage of a Scite proper for them to fight in, if they should be enforced unto a Battel.

The Prince verily thought to have then taken Turenne unprovided, and force him to fight, and with that belief he marched hastily all Night so long a march, that the next morning in sight of Peronne, he found the Enemies altogether unadvertised of his coming, as having thought it unpossible he should have come so soon, but he forbore to attack the French Camp, not so much because his men were extraordinarily tired, and weary, as because Fuensaldagne would not give way to it, doubting the Lorainois would not Fight, it having been insinuated to him by some Letters received from France, that Cardinal Mazarine by great promises of Money, and other means, had under-hand gained the Duke of Lorrain, so as from thence grew the beginning of the Disgusts between Conde, and the Count; Conde pre∣tending that the opposition made unto those earnest desires of his to make use of the opportunity, proceeded from fear, not from a prudent foresight or just reason.

The Prince took up his Post at Mount St. Quintin, an Abby upon a Hill, but found it so well provided that he thought not fit to assault it with so much disadvantage, Conde notwithstanding made shew of being come expressly to attack it, to stop Turenne there untill he might receive the Convoy from Cam∣bray, without which there was no likelihood of being able to lay Siege to any place, and in the mean time, whilst with slight skirmishes he endeavoured to give credit to that report, he caused his Van to march the straight way to∣wards St. Quintin, leaving the King's Army on the right hand, and a great Wood between them.

Turenne being watchful to all occasions, not willing that the Enemy should advance before him, which was the design of Conde, marched with so much hast, as he got before unto that Post which he intended to have seized, and by that means obliged him to make a stand, and so the Armies were again brought to front each other, separated by nothing but a little Valley easie of access, upon which the French put a great guard over against a Wood, which ended near to the Spanish Camp not above a Musket shot from it.

There the two Armies made a halt three or four days, which they passed with great care, and watchfulness; Conde, and the Spanish Generalls, not be∣ing willing to make any attempt upon that place the Mareschals of France had chosen.

The 14th day of August there happened a great Skirmish wherein the two Counts de Russy ingaged themselves too far, and Turenne's Lieutenant Colonel was killed; the same day the Prince of Taranto, the Marquess de Batteville, and the Count Duraz, were upon Conde's out Guard, and being desirous to see and salute the Mareschal Turenne, who was advanced to his main Guard, they desired that favour by a Trumpet, which was civilly granted to them, receiv∣ing them with his wonted affability, and they discoursed and complemented each other Reciprocally: Some Gentlemen also of the King's Camp went to sa∣lute the Prince of Conde, who came within 200 paces of Turenne, with a desire of speaking to him; but he making shew of business, set spurs to his Horse, and went thence without expecting the invitation, which the Prince gave order should be sent unto him to that purpose, by one of his Gentlemen.

The 25th day of August two hours before day the Prince raised his Camp, and took his march towards St. Quintin, of which Turenne having notice, and suspecting the attack of some of those places, he caused the Count Beaujeu pre∣sently to repass the Somme with 1200 Horse, and 600 Foot, with orders to keep near unto Ham, and St. Quintin, that he might relieve any Town should be invested, and the French Generals repassed the River at Peronne, march∣ing all Night, and the next day strait to Ham. Beaujeu coming to St. Quin∣tin, heard that the Count Duraz had drawn out 2000 of the Enemies Horse, and was advanced with them to invest Guise; whereupon with great dili∣gence crossing the Fere, he put into that Town a seasonable Recruit of a good number of men, whereof Conde having notice, suddenly recalled the Count after he had held that Town invested for 12 hours space.

The Prince finding that his designs were still defeated, and much con∣founded to find in the King's Captains Wit, and Valour, equal to that where∣in till then he had conceived hinself unmatched by any, resolved to make ano∣ther trial, advancing the Army within a League of Ham, and extending it in length along a little River which there falls into the Somme, with a resolution to attack that place; or in case the King's forces should come to relieve it, to fall upon them, and with Sword in hand to determine their emulation and differences, upon that Campagne. He was no sooner come to the designed Post, but that he saw all the French Army in his flank, and the Count Beau∣jeu on his Rear, who having repassed the Oyse, had taken up his Post at Farg∣ny, to be ready at hand upon all accidents.

The Armies rested there looking on each other three weeks without ma∣king any attempt, because Conde, and the Spanish Generals, being now hope∣less to break into France as they imagined, to give Battle, nor take any place upon the Somme, by reason of the great vigilancy, and wariness of the French Commanders, their counsels were very confused and variable! Conde had insinuated unto the Spanish Ministers and Captains, that when they entred into France he should meet with the applause, and assistance of the people, so as their way should be made, rather by their voluntary yielding, than the Sword; but they not only failed therein, but exasperating the Countrey by the rapine, and violence, used by the Armies, had caused an Universal hatred of the people against him, which being discovered by the Spaniard, they aban∣doned the thoughts of advancing, and the rather because distrusts, or emula∣tion falling between the Prince, and the Count Fuensaldagne, they seemed not to proceed with the usual agreement, their bloods being stirred, and jea∣lousies between them being rekindled, by some brisk words and threatning gesture used by the Prince unto the Count.

'Twas a great corrosive unto the Princes generous mind, when he consider∣ed that his former credit, which was much lessened by the said unfortunate rencounters, would be totally lost, if with so great Forces, and such prepa∣ration,

a Campagne should be unprofitably spent, which in its first beginning seemed to promise so great advantages, and glory unto Spain, and so much ruine and destruction to France, and thereupon in a full Councel of Warr, he proposed the Enterprise of Rocroy, and brought Warlick and Politick Reasons for the maintenance of his Opinion: He said, He had been informed the Garrison was very weak, because the Chevalier Montaign, Governour of the place, upon the confidence he should not be attacked, had sent out the King's Regi∣ment unto Rhetel, that in 12 dayes at farthest they might win it; that 'twas not hard to invest it, there being no River to pass, and the Siege would be very easie, the place standing between great Woods, so as whoever could first gain the entrance of them, would defend them with much ease, and make good the Field Line; and that Rocroy was a place of great Importance, being a Key unto the Frontier of Picardy, by which (although France could receive small damage, yet) the Interests of Spain would be much advantaged, because the French by means of that Town, brought all the Neighbouring Countrey, and the moyety of Luxembourg Province under Contribution.

The Considerations of the Prince were very good, and his words (by rea∣son of the great Esteem had of his Valour) were received by all the Cap∣tains as an Oracle; but the Spaniards, who use not to put their feet into the water, till they have sounded the bottom, and who have prudence for the unseparable companion of all their Actions, though they inclined unto the Proposition, yet seemed not totally to approve it, considering that a Siege, consuming Men, Money, and the patience of their Souldiers, if it should last longer than was expected, would so lessen their Army, as they should be no longer Masters of the Field, wherein was placed the sole hopes of those, who upon that ground were endeavouring new Cabals in France.

Some were of the opinion, that the Army living upon the Enemies cost in his Countrey, they should endeavour by money and promises, to make use of the intelligence they had, and gain thereby a profitable Conquest; which could not be entire without penetrating into the Bowels of France, and di∣viding the great, and opulent City of Paris, from a Union with the King. But this design having been at first attempted took no effect, and now there was no ground to hope it, the rather, because by the Pacification of Guienne, the Prince's party was much declined, and the Cardinal's credit highly en∣creased. Wherefore the Enterprise of Rocroy was resolved, and to that pur∣pose the Count of Ligneville went with 3000 Horse upon the 5th of Septem∣ber by break of day to invest it at unawares, being followed by the gross of the Army, which was a thing so unexpected, and little foreseen by the Go∣vernour, that 100 of the best Souldiers of the Garrison who were gone out to scour the Countrey according to their usual custome, were excluded. The French Generals used their utmost diligence to put in some supply of Men▪ but wayes being narrow, and hard to pass, they could not do it.

All Passes being taken by the Spaniard, the Prince of Conde lodged himself in a place called L'Un••hue, the Count Fuensaldagne sate down in the Field, where heretofore had been fought that Famous Battel got by the French, extending his Quarters from the place of Battail to Getdessu; The Lorenois shut up all the space from thence unto the Prince of Conde's Post: The Quar∣ters of the Army being thus disposed, the Circumvallation was presently begun, which in four dayes was entirely finished, and the 11th of Septem∣ber they began to open the Trenches, and at the same time attacked the Bulwarks du Chene, del Perdu, and the Half-Moon or Ravelin between them.

In the Bes••egers Camp there commanded over the Spaniards, the Count Fuensaldagne General, Count Garcies Liutenant General, the Prince of Ligny

in the third place, and the Prince Ulric of Wittemburgh Captain General of the German Horse: Over the Lorain Troops the Count of Ligneville; And over those of the Prince of Conde, the Marquiss of Batteville, the Counts of Briole, and Duraz, together with the Prince of Taranto, who after left the Camp, being disgusted with the Spaniard because they would not admit him into a Command, which had been conferr'd upon him by the Prince. Rocroy was very well provided with Victuals, Munition, Artillery, and good thick Walls, but thin of defendants, the Garrison consisting onely of 450 Foot, 50 Horse, and 30 Townesmen armed, to which were added 90 Peasants, that were run in thither for relief; the Ditch full of Water, the Earth without be∣ing all spungy, and as it were moorish, but 4 or 5 foot deep, all a chalk clay.

The French Generals upon the first motion of the Enemies Army, saw presently they could have no design but upon Rocroy, and therefore it being impossible to hinder the Siege, and much more to relieve it, they marched presently unto the Fera, crossed the River, and by the way of Heppe, d' Au∣chenne, and Polineux, came to Armely, from whence they sent away a Body of Men to joyn with the Count de Grand Pre, who was already from the Fera advanced to invest Mouson; The Prince of Conde foresaw that Turenne to recompence the loss of Rocroy, would endeavour to take Mouson, and therefore gave order unto the Count de Briole, to go before-hand with 400 Horse, and 1200 Foot unto Stenay, and joyn with the Forces of the Marquiss of Persan, who were gone thither after the rendring of Rhetel, and together with them to be watchful unto the preservation of all the Neighbouring pla∣ces, which were held by his Forces; and thereupon as soon as they had no∣tice of the King's Armies march, Briole went to Beamont, a Town distant from Mouson about a league, and from thence put with care some Compa∣nies of Foot into the Town, returning with the remainder into Stenay, that he might be ready upon occasion to re-inforce the Garrisons of Clermont, and St. Menaud, if the French finding the Garrison of Mouson to be well mann'd, should turn their Forces upon either of these Towns; But notwithstanding this, all the French Army went before it, dividing themselves into four Quar∣ters, one in Amblemont where Turenne lodged; the second at Vaux where Ferte Senneterre placed himself; the third by the River, commanded by the Marquiss d'Uxelles, Lieutenant-General; and the fourth in the Fauxbourg be∣yond the Mose, into which the Count de Plessis, Son to the Mareschal of that name, entred with his Regiment of Foot, and some Dragoons.

And in regard 'twas necessary for keeping of that Fauxbourg, to secure themselves from the damage they might receive from the besieged, by means of a great Redoubt which they kept at the end of the Bridge, Turenne passed the Mose, and caused it to be assaulted with so much courage, and good or∣der, that they carried it, the defendants retiring themselves into the Town; by taking of which Redoubt, the Bridge being rendred altogether useless to the Enemy, and the Quarters in the said Fauxbourg being secured, the Count Beaujeu who with a Body of Horse was lodged at Lobbe, four leagues from Ro∣croy, to observe the motion of the Spaniard, came also to Mouson, and with his Horse took up his Quarters in the said Fauxbourg.

Mouson lyes upon the River Mose, a branch of which runs through the Town, and the other runs on the right side of it. There is a fair Bridge, at the head of which was the said Redoubt, that commanded the Fauxbourg; which was a little divided from it: It is encompassed with strong Walls and Towers, built after the ancient manner, lined with Earth in several places, and flancked with several Bulwarks and Ravelins, after the ancient manner, the Ditches are on the one side, watered by the River it self which runs into them with a gentle current; it is besides encompassed with out-works, which

reach from one side, to the other of the River, with Bulwarks and Half-Moons; There was within it 1500 Foot, good men, and 200 Horse, under the com∣mand of Colonel Volse, a German, with sufficient provision of all things, and 18 Pieces of Artillery.

The French having taken the Redoubt, and secured the Fauxbourg, opened their Trenches, and in four or five dayes made themselves Masters of the out∣works, and lodged upon the Bank of the Ditch, on two sides whereof they planted three Batteries. The Marquess of Castlenan Lieutenant General, lodged at the side of the Ditch towards the River, possessing a Half-Moon which was abandoned by those that had the keeping of it, and endeavoured to get unto the foot of the Wall to undermine it; but he was then hindred, by the Valiant defence which those within made with Fire-works, and Granado's, which forced the Assailants to break the Counterscarf made up of Stone, and to pass the Ditch covered by Galleries unto the Pallisado: in which Action the Vidame de Laon, Son of the Count Boussy, Nephew to the Mareschal Tu∣renne, a bold couragious young man, of about 17 or 18 years of Age, was killed with a Musket shot. The French also made another attempt against a great Tower, and passing the Ditch without a Gallery undermined a Corner of it, and giving Fire thereto, by means thereof lodged in a part of the said Tower, continuing their Mine to blow it absolutely up; as they did also on the other side with an extraordinary diligence, that they might carry this place before Rocroy were lost: And the Mines being now brought unto a good pass, and ready to have Fire given to them, the besieged, fearing they should not be able to resist an assault, resolved to make Terms, and render the Town, which was done the 26th day of September, 18 days after the Siege, the Go∣vernour marching out with about 1400 Souldiers, all well appointed.

Whilst the French were intent upon the taking of this Town, the Spaniards were not wanting in their careabout the business of Rocroy, hoping to com∣pel the besieged to yield it before the taking of Mouson; which had it happen∣ed, they would then with ease have compassed their desires: having therefore finished their trenches, their approaches, and raised their Batteries, on which were placed 23 pieces of Cannon, two planted upon the brink of the Ditch, and three in the Campagne, the 16th of September the Prince of Conde caused the hollow way to be attacked by 4000 Souldiers, and a post to be taken up upon the Counterscarf, assaulting the half Moon between the said two Bul∣works, which was worthily defended by the besieged; the Governour wan∣ting neither Experience, nor Valour, by frequent Sallies rendred the access more difficult, than was imagined by the Spanish Captains; between whom, and Conde, some difference arising by reason of the misunderstandings be∣tween him, and Fuensaldagne. The Arch-Duke himself came to the Camp, to remove by his presence and dexterity, all bitterness out of the Prince's mind; but if on the one side this coming quieted the trouble of Conde's mind, it raised notwithstanding on the other side a greater discontentment in his Breast, as thinking that his presence diminished that Glory, which he thought in taking of that place was due onely unto himself, whereof he gave apparent sign, refusing to take the word from the Arch-Duke: at which he being not a little troubled, gave order to the Prince of Wirtenburg, who was lodged in Conde's Quarters, not to obey his orders. But this business was adjusted by the Duke of Lorrain, who was at that time in the Spanish Camp by this expedi∣ent, That the word should be given neither by the Arch-Duke, nor Prince, but by a Person appointed for that purpose by them both.

The first sally which the besieged made, was upon the said lodging taken up upon the Counterscarf towards the point of the Half-Moon, being of 60 able men all Armed with Sythes, put upon strong Poles, with which Entring

into that work they cut in pieces all those who were the foremost in it.

These men were led by the Chevalier de Cuma, seconded by Monsieur de Champigne, and Monsieur de Bournonville Major of the Town, whom the Go∣vernour himself countenanced, and assisted, by the Artillery of the Neigh∣bouring ramparts; there sallied out also after this, Captain Delvincourt with 45 Souldiers, and two that threw Granado's, and entring into another Post, advanced by the besieged against the Bulwark de Chene, under the Pallisado at the entrance into the Ditch, put to Sword all he found in it.

But notwithstanding these good Encounters, the besiegers ceased not to redouble their Forces, and to advance against the Walls of the Bulwark's, to make breaches by Mining, and so to give an assault: The besieged also made another Sally upon the Spaniards quarters, where they did great da∣mage, and took a Lieutenant Colonel, and a Spanish Captain Prisoners; all which notwithstanding, the besiegers next day made two Bridges of Fag∣gots over the Ditch, got over it, and Mined the Walls on the face of the said Bulwarks, one of which was countermined by those within; the other in the Bulwark de Chene was fired, and took good effect, the Governour was also shot in the head with a Musket Bullet, but he ceased not for all that to cause him∣self to be carried in a Seat, wheresoever his presence was necessary.

In the mean time two breaches in the face of the Bulwarks were made, and fiercely assaulted by the besiegers, and with no less constancy defended by the besieged. The same Night after they had been repulsed from another assault given to the Half-Moon, having lodged themselves upon the point thereof they became Masters of it, because the besieged not being able to maintain it, thought fit to quit it; especially because there was no Port of Communication, which made them doubt that not being able to defend it, those men would be all lost; which was a matter of great consequence, con∣sidering the need which they had of them. Finally the Governour having taken view of his men which were fit for Service, and finding they exceeded not 300, seeing the breaches in the Bulwarks opened, and an attack begun upon the Curtain, which had only a dry Ditch, the same Night when they were ready to give the assault, resolved to Capitulate, and yield the Town, which was concluded the 30th of September, and he marched out the first of October with 220 Souldiers, upon Honourable Terms, and was convoy'd to Charleville.

This Enterprise cost the Spaniards dear, because according to the common opinion they lost 2000 men who were killed, and 7000, or 8000 by sickness, and that ran away, so as in the last assaults they were forced to bring the Horse up to the breaches, who dismounted came to fight with Boots on their Legs, and Pistols in their hands, whereby 'twas thought the Conquest was rather hurtful, than profitable, considering that in the beginning of the Cam∣pagne with such a numerous, and well appointed Army, they might have gone into the heart of France, and thereby have given Fuel unto the intestine discontents, which had been much more advantageous unto the Catholick King's Interests, than the taking of one simple Town, with the loss of so great a number of men, and the expence of so much Money, and Amunition, it being computed that there past no day wherein there was not at least 500 great shot made, so as all things being considered, the taking of Mouson by the French, with the loss of a few men, and with that Reputation which in War is looked on as the Life, and Soul of Armies, was esteemed to be a thing of greater consequence.

Mean while the pang's wherewith the resolute couragious heart of Conde was tormented, were very great, who blamed the Count of Fuensaldagne, that he had taken an entire, and secure Victory out of his hands, he said his prudence was void of daring, that he was envious of his Glory, and distrust∣ful

of his Actions, and among his friends he would make his complaints, that he had engaged himself with a Nation, whose manners, and Genius, were so different from the French; and sigh to be i'th' head of 10000 of his own Countrymen, with whom he could have done more service than with 15000 Strangers, and to be kept from it by engaging himself amongst a people, where never any stranger was exempt from Envy, and from Emulation, and where no French-man could ever yet Enjoy a lasting quiet.

This Town was after put into the Prince's own hands, Garrison'd by the Forces depending on him, and the Government thereof given unto the Duke of Anguien his Son, not without some resentment, of divers who had ser∣ved the Crown of Spain, who discoursing politickly amongst themselves would say, that they had lost Mouson, and were not Masters of Rocroy, be∣cause it being in the hands of Conde, 'twould rather be a means to encrease his pretensions, by the jealousie would be had of him that he might the better make his peace with France by being Master of that Town, than any way make him more constant to the Spanish Service. The Spaniards were forced to take this course because (conceiving that after those disgusts which he had taken, he did not press things with his wonted earnestness, and that in case that Enterprize could not be suddenly effected there might happen some disaster to the Army) they thought fit to engage him with the promise of that place, to give a quick dispatch unto the Siege; Rocroy being taken, the Spanish Army staid there some days, to throw down the Line of Circumval∣lation, and repair the Breaches, and after (in regard it was much weakened and harrassed out) retired into the Country d' Avennes, to refresh them∣selves, the Prince of Conde remaining in Rocroy, sick of a quartane Ague.

The Court made this Voyage to Amiens, to take the Government of that City and Cittadel, from the Duke de Channes, who had thrust himself into the possession of it after his Brother's death, and seemed willing to keep it against the will of the King's Councel; and although the said Duke, having a great estate in France, and his mind well affected to the King's Service, was not conceived to have any other design but onely to give some jealousie unto the Court, and make his profit thereby (being a thing much more usually pra∣ctised in France than elsewhere) yet 'twas thought good Policy to secure themselves against the very shadow of those, who might by their change of thoughts, any way prejudice the Soveraign Authority.

And although the Duke had sent to Court the Letters written to him by the Prince of Conde full of promises, and hopes, if he would enter into his party, yet 'twas however esteemed to be a seasonable Service, to be entirely secured of that most important Town, which was by this means done with∣out noise, the Duke himself being content to quit it unto Monsieur de Bar, and accept the Government of Dourlans, which the said Bar had, with the ad∣dition of the Title of his Majestie's Lieutenant General in that part of the Pro∣vince which lyes about the said Town, and being paid for all the Armes, and Ammunition, which were bought into the Cittadel upon his account.

Mouson being in this manner gained, the Mareschal Turenne left there a Garrison of 500, or 600 Foot, with the Count de Grand Pre his Regiment, and made him Governour, and he with the Army past the Mose, and marched directly towards Maziers, and being lodged thereabouts, he had news of the taking of Rocroy, at the same time the Count de Navailles, advanced to Vervins with 1500 Combatants; and Turenne, after the said taking, marched near to Aubigny, that he might be near at hand to observe the motion of the Enemy, and hinder him from making of any other attempt, and there he made a halt two days: Turenne being at Maziers, sent the Marquess d'Uxelles from the Army with 1200 men, unto the Castle of Bousancy, which being

not to be relieved from the Garrisons of Stenay, Clermont, and St. Menhaud (because they were watched by Monsieur de St. Maur with a body of Horse) presently yielded, without expecting the coming of the Cannon.

The King who was the first of September come out of Paris, and after the Voyage of Amiens had been at Soissons, came the 30th of the Month unto Laon, to give countenance unto the relief of Rocroy, which was intended to have been attempted, and for which purpose the Duke of Elbeuf had been sent for from Picardy, who with about 3000 men incamped thereabouts, and with them also joyned the most part of his Majesties Guards, b•• the Town being rendred before all things were in a readiness, the thoughts of that Enterprize ceased, and they changed them for another design, under∣taken by the Cardinal with great courage, and undaunted boldness.

The Court thought good to entertain themselves out of Paris, that they might more vigorously assist the Army with Forces, and with Counsel. The resolutions being soon made, and a great number of Nobility following the King, besides his ordinary Guards of Horse, and Foot, both which would be ready to assist on all occasions.

It had not been amiss that their Majesties had staid in Paris, to crush the ac∣cidents might happen in that City, where the sinister intentions of some against the Government were not entirely quelled; principally because the Arch-Bishop, being in a declining Age, and Retz being to succeed him, the same might cause new motions amongst the people, upon pretence they could not be without their Pastour, who was highly valued, and esteemed, for his generosity. But there being a necessity of going into the Campagne, the Court thought that they might prevent all accidents, and deprive Paris of that Prelate, who had such high and wandring thoughts, by offering him his liberty, and the King's favour, upon condition he would renounce the hope of his future succession, and would go to Rome with promise to stay there without returning into France; in recompence whereof there was something offered him of equal value, although his Uncle were yet living, and an Aiuda de Costa that he might live splendidly.

The Cardinal although he suffered the troubles of a Prison, preferred the glory of constancy, before his own private gains, and being full of hope to see the face of things changed quickly, either by the Arch-Bishops death, or endeavour of his friends at Rome, who were emulous of Cardinal Mazarine, was fixed not to quit his Dignity, declaring that he would for his Majesty do that, or any other thing, to the effusion of his blood; but that knowing it to be only the Artifice, and interest of Mazarine, he could not swallow so bitter a Pill presented to him by his mortal Enemy. The Pope notwith∣standing he inclined not much unto the satisfaction of France, declared, that the proposition seemed to him fair, and fit to be embraced, and the Prisoner had notice of it; but this would not suffice to make him lay aside the bitter∣ness he had conceived in his mind, which by constant suffering of the blows of adverse fortune, increased in him the opinion of being more generous and daring; and having found means to write unto the Congregation of Car∣dinals in Rome Letters full of complaint, and earnest desires to be assisted by their protection, whereof he thought he ought not to be deprived, by reason of that prejudice the example might bring unto the Dignity of Cardinals; One of the Cardinals of great credit, seeing they were about to answer him, & to think of some expedient in his favour, declar'd in givnig his opinion, That he could not see any reason why they should ingage themselves in that Affaire, which was rather to prejudice the Dignity of Holy Church, then advantage the Prisoner, since they could give him no other assistance but by words, which would perswade much better by the way of sweetness, then of rigour.

He said farther, That although the Cardinal Mazarine had fallen into the same, and worse intrigues with the Parliament, there was nothing done for his assistance, although the Service of the King his Master were also concern'd in it, and that therefore they had much less reason to interest themselves in behalf of Retz, who stood in opposition against his Majesty.

The said Cardinals advice being considered, and approved of as the best, the resolution taken was, That his Holiness should be desired, to exhort the King, by Fatherly admonitions to grant his liberty. His most Christian Majesty shew∣ed himself most ready to do it, and after several Negotiations, at last the Dut∣chess of Chevreux undertook it, together with that of Charles Duke of Lorrain, and although he was afterwards, as shall be shewed, arrested by the Spaniard, yet that for the Cardinal was not intermitted, but was at last concluded up∣on this condition, That he should renounce the Office of being Coadjutor of Paris, other benefices of the value of the Arch-Bishoprick of Paris (which amounted to a considerable Sum) being conferred upon him in lieu thereof.

This affair was upon the point of being ended, and all the difficulty rested only upon two points, one was touching the number of the benefices, and the other about the security to be given for performance of his Parole. The death of the Arch-Bishop his Uncle brought some change in it, the Curates of Paris (being all of his Faction) and his friends having spread abroad some new rumours; but de Retz notwithstanding resolved to accept of the con∣ditions offered to him, and coming out of the Bois de Vincennes, was consign∣ed into the hands of the Mareschal de Mallery, who brought him to Nantes, to abide there till the conditions were performed, after which it was resolved to send him unto Rome, and give him money for his Voyage, and for an Ayuda de Costa; but he going afterwards privately from the said City, all things were left at large, as in its proper place shall be declared.

In the mean time Cardinal Mazarine's Enemies seeing all the Artifices, and Cabals used by them to ruine him were come to nothing, resolved by fraud, and treachery to take away his life, which being effected, and he once out o'th' way, they hoped then to compass their ends, which by the Cardinal's providence had hitherto been disappointed; and 'twas a publick report that the Prince of Conde made use of such means, upon the knowledge, or at least suspition, that the Cardinal had made the like attempt upon him; which time notwithstanding shewed to be false, and an invention onely of the common Enemy.

For the giving of this stroke there were hired, or perswaded, one Rigau,' and another called Bertau, who being resolved to attempt it, began to haunt the Lowvre, that they might spy out a fit time, and place for puting it in Execution. It happened that some Letters were casually intercepted which gave cause of suspition sufficient to seise upon them, after which upon Exa∣mination they confessed they had resolved to kill the Cardinal by stabbing him with Knives, as he went up (which he did every night) to the King's lodgings by a private narrow pair of stairs.

They were condemned unto the deserved punishment of the Gallows, and being broken upon the Wheel in Paris, near the Bastile, the 11th of October in the great street of St. Anthony.

The Cardinal Mazarine (who by reason of the mildness of his nature and the Character he bears of being a Prince of Holy Church) abhorres these bloody Spectacles, did what lay in him to procure their pardon, and would surely have obtained it, if being so enormious a Crime, it had been grant∣able without a notable prejudice to justice, which in such cases must not at all give way to pity.

There followed after divers other Executions in Paris, done upon several

persons who were imprisoned for heynous Crimes; but without doubt the effects of the King's clemency were much the greater; those being many more in number who were pardoned, then who were punished.

I cannot here omit the mentioning of one, who being condemned to be beheaded, pretended by his Ambition to Triumph over death, he before he was brought out to Execution, with an undaunted boldness, as if he had been going to a Wedding, dressed himself up, shaved, turned up his Musta∣ccio's, powdred his hair, and made his boasts, That Civil Men, though suffering Ignominious death, ought to dye honourable.

And although to encourage subjects by too much levity to a relapse into their former errours, be by some qualified with the name of a false Maxime, yet that could not discourage the King's Ministers from using it, because to generous minds the occasions of meriting the thanks of such as are obliged are much more welcome then the imprecations of those who suffer; which having drawn down Heavenly favours on them, hath let us see those miracles which have rendred his Government most happy, who having inherited the Title of Most Christian, hath joyned unto it the glorious appellation of Most Clement.

Truly they may be well called miracles which were seen in France in the year 1653, because whilst it seemed likely that the Kingdom combated eve∣ry way by furious storms should fall in pieces, it became suddenly more se∣rene, and every way more glorious then before, because being (by the quie∣ting of Bourdeaux, and all Guienne) freed from that powerful diversion which imployed so many Forces, those being now at liberty, have secured all the borders from those dangers wherewith they were threatned, and marching into Catalonia, and Lombardy, have interrupted all those designs the Spanish party hoped for from their precedent Victories. The Ministers of which Crown, were thought to have committed a great oversight, in that they had not four years before agreed unto a general Peace, the ease whereof temper∣ing the fierce, and stirring nature of the French, would have proved much more useful to them, then the necessitating of them to a War, which raising the desires of it in a youthful King, and so a great number of young Nobility, may probably make the effects thereof bitter unto them, it being certain that no Victories are so severely prosecuted, as those which are in prosecution of a just revenge.

The same time that the Affairs of Warr in Catalonia, Guienne, and Cham∣paigne, passed in the manner before related, the French concerns also in Pied∣mont put on a better face; so as there was no farther cause of fear that the Piemontois should for want of considerable assistance, be forced to free them∣selves from the Inconveniences of Warr, by making some agreement with the Spaniard, for that the Count de Quincè being gone (as hath been said) in∣to Piedmont, and some French Troops being joyned to him, he advanced in∣to the Enemies Countrey with between 5000 and 6000 Men, and incamping at Annone, upon the Banks of the Tanaro, for about a moneths time, during which he staid there, he infested continually the Countrey about Alexan∣dria with frequent parties sent into those parts; after which quitting that Post, he returned to Monferrat, and passing the Po at Verna, went to in∣camp above Crescentino, to observe the Marquiss Caracene, who having taken the Field with 8000 Souldiers, was marched to Fontant, and Palaz∣zuolo, three miles distant, where the Armies stayed some dayes, observing each other, in which mean time the French sent abroad several parties, and particularly one even to Vercelli of 1500 Horse. Before he dislodged thence, drawing up all his Horse in the Plain of Bertola, about a Cannon shot from the Spanish Camp, he sent to defie the Marquiss Caracene to fight a Battel;

but he holding a Maxime, That the French Fury was to be stopped by the Spanish Gravity, made a mock of him.

These attempts of the French being vanished without effect, Quincè re∣passed the Po in Iuly, and entred again into Monferrat, crossing the Tanaro upon a Bridge of Boats near Asti, and from thence staying two dayes at Ro∣chetta, went to encamp at Monbersel.

Upon notice of this march by the French, the Marquiss Caracene passed the Po again with his Forces near to Pontestura, and having marched cross Monferrat, went to lodge at Felizzano, intending to cross Tanaro at Rochet∣ta; but finding opposition from the Enemy, he went to pass lower towards Alexandria, advancing unto Nizza della Paglia: Quincè stayed at Castel Nuo∣vo Brusato, observing his motions about 15 dayes, there being daily skir∣mishes between the Horse of either party. But Caracene being at last resol∣ved to break into Piedmont, and by that diversion to make the French quit Monferrat, passing the Po at Pontestura, he began to scour over the Coun∣trey thereabouts; but that sufficed not to make Quincè stirre, who judging that it would be of great prejudice to his Affairs to bring his men to make the Warr in a Friends Countrey, took a contrary course, he sent his Bag∣gage into Asti, and foording over the Tanaro at Rochetta, and after passing Bormida, came by the way of Novi, unto Saravalle, a great Town above Alexandria in the Confines of the Genouese Countrey, between the Rivers of Sirvia, and Orba, and having sacked it, went towards Tortona, and Castel nuo∣vo de Scrivia, taking great Booties in those Towns where he was not expect∣ed. Caracene was thereby forced to quit his designs in Piedmont, and march in all hast to Alexandria, gathering together all the Garrisons, and forraign Souldiers to cut off the retreat of the French towards Nizza; but Quincè advertised thereof, marched by Cassino de Strada, by Aicqui, and by the Valley of Bistagno, to the said Town of Nizza, whither the Spanish Army was al∣ready come; for which cause the French retired that Night to St. Spefaro, and went with great care to get the Pass of Our Lady at Tenello, and prevent the Enemy, who came thither just as the French had seised it with their Vantguard, where they began to skirmish, but with great reservedness of the Spanish side, because they would not engage in a Battel with the French, who although they were inferiour in number, had the advantage in the Ex∣perience and valour of their Horse. Quincè went from thence directly to∣wards Alba, and thence between Alba and Asti, quartering his Troops all along the Banks of Tanaro, and there the French staid till the arrival of the Mareschal de Grancè, who passing the Alpes with a Recruit of 1200 good Men, upon the 18th of September came to the Army, where informing him∣self of the condition wherein the Spanish stood, which incamped upon the same Frontier, and endeavoured to get farther into Piedmont, he had notice that Caracene having left Montenego, was upon his march to gain a Pass over Tanaro, at a place called La Rochetta, with design to go to Felizzano.

He thereupon presently called a Councel of War, wherein it was resolved not onely to hinder his advance, but also to enforce him unto a general Bat∣tel, and put all unto a hazard; whereupon he sent the Marquiss Monpesat, Lieutenant General, and Commander of the Rear-Guard, upon the 23. of September, to seize upon the places of most advantage, and having himself put the rest of the Army into order of Battail upon the Campagne, which is sufficiently spacious, he advanced with 4. Squadrons to take notice how many passed, being accompanied by the Marquiss Vardes, who was that day of the Guard, and commanded as Lieutenant General.

He came without contest unto the rising ground, which commands all the Neighbouring Campagne, and having there discovered that Caracene began

to pass with the Van-guard over a Bridge of Boats, and was followed by the Foot, led by the Lieutenant General Don Vincenzo Monsury, the Horse foord∣ing over the River a little lower with the Duke de Sesto, General of the Gens d' Arms, and Count Galeazzo Trotti, General of the Neapolitan Horse, he thought he would not give the Spaniards time to pass with all their men, be∣cause they might then seise upon the Campagne, and either force the French to retreat, or fight with disadvantage; and therefore advanced presently with the Gross of the Army.

Caracene not being able to prevent the French by reason of the time spent in passing of the River, and two hours lost in expectation of the Bridge of Boats, pretended to make a halt there, and expect him in the advantage of those Posts he thought most convenient to defend his Camp, which had now passed the River; and because he had not time to draw out his Army into the Plain, and that the place beyond the Tanaro was something narrow, ac∣commodating himself unto the time and place, he drew his Horse up in Squa∣drons behind his Foot. He then presently seised upon two Houses, and pla∣ced there the Regiments of Don Lewis, and Don Inigo de Velandia, and in the space between the Houses, the Regiments of Don Ioseph Velasco, and Don Diego d' Arragon, and de Beltin, with a design of uniting them together by a Breast work to be cast up; but that for want of time was left unperfect.

The Mareschal considering the posture of the Enemy, and that his Vant∣guard which was advanced, might by the advantage of the Hill put some disorder into the Spanish Camp, which was commanded by it, yet not within Musquet shot, though he had onely two small Pieces, which were not very proper for that business, put his Army presently in order into two Divi∣sions.

Unto the Marquiss of Monpesat, he gave the care of the Right Wing thereof, composed of the Regiments of Navarre, Peirault, Aiguebonne, the King's Guards of Swisses, the Squadron of the Mareschal's own Guard, the Regi∣ments of Orleans, Feron, Prince Maurice of Savoy, Marcoussè, Fernes, and Epinchat.

The Left was Commanded by the Marquiss de Vardes, consisting of the Re∣giments of Foot of Orleans, Lionois, and Quincè; and the Horse were the Re∣giments of St. Andrè, Bregi, and Villa Francesi, on the left hand of which stood all the Free Companies, the Troops of the Savoy Horse under the Com∣mand of their General the Marquiss de Monte, a Veronnois, to whom were al∣so joyned the Foot of the Regiments of the Marquess Monpesat, and of the Marquess de Villa, Lieutenant General of the Savoy Horse.

In the second division stood the Regiment de Saux, to second the Regiment of Navarre, with the Regiments of Carignan, and de Sault, and on the left that of Grancè, seconded the Regiments of Orleans, and Lionnois, having with them in the same division the Guards of Savoy, the Gens d' Armes d'ordinance of France, together with the Regiments of Ris, Deuncly, and St. Aignan.

In this order the French marched on, and charged briskly upon three Companies of light Horse, and some Files of Musquetiers that were advanced unto the top of the Hill, and pursued them into the Gross of Benavides, Vel∣landia, and Beltin, who received the French with so much courage and fierce∣ness, with their Pikes, and with Musket shot through divers holes in the Walls of the said houses, which flanked upon them, that Monpesat, perceiv∣ing 'twas impossible to make any farther impression upon them retired, and the French resolved to endeavour the gaining of a little Church, or Chappel, which stood towards the River, not above 20 paces distant from the Houses, where Caracena had placed two Files of Musquetiers, Spaniards, and Italians, to guard it, with orders that if they were attacked they should retire unto a

body drawn up in Battle-ray, and composed of the Regiments of Don Carlo d' Este, Don Ioseph Brancario, Daniel Asti, the Count de Santillana, and the forraign Souldiers of the state of Milan.

Grancè caused the said Chappel to be attacked by 200 chosen Foot, second∣ed by some Horse, and forthwith took it, the Musquetiers who were placed there retiring themselves (according to their orders) unto the gross which stood firm, and kept their Post; he then drew out his Company of Gens d' Armes, about 30 paces from the left Wing of the Spanish Troops, and at the same time gave a vigorous charge with his Foot, hoping that if they could make any impression upon the Enemy; the French Cavalry might break in, and total confound them; but meeting with a certain Slough, made by a Brook which runs into the Tanaro, he was constrained to make a stop, at the same time when the Troops of Savoy charged between the River, and the Spaniards right Wing, in a place that was more open, where with the first volley of the Enemies shot, the Marquess de Monte, a Cavalier of great con∣duct, by reason of his long experience, and much renowned for his many fa∣mous Actions, was unhappily shot by a Musket Bullet in his head, where∣of he forthwith died; the Marquess Villa was slightly hurt in the Arm, be∣sides the Count de Medavy, Son to the Mareschal, Monsieur de Bussy Major General of a Brigade, and several other officers who were also hurt. Where∣upon Grance finding the constancy, and resolution of the Spaniards, animated by the presence of Caracene their General, (who like a Valiant Captain en∣gaged himself in the first ranks where greatest danger was) drew up the second division with the two field pieces, one of which at the first shot, was rendred useless by the breaking of the Carriage, and the French continued shooting with the other, but to so little purpose, that being every where Nobly repulsed, at last with the declining of the Sun their fury flacked, wanting also Artillery, and Ammunition, it being observed that the Swissers for want of Bullets, shot away almost all the Buttons from their Coats, and they retired to the Campagne upon the Hill, where they encamped that night in Battalia, and the next morning marched towards Montemagno, and Grana; there died of French in this action, the said Marquess Monte, and 4 Captains, and divers Officers, together with some considerable number of Souldiers, which was not precisely known, and above 100 wounded, amongst whom were several Commanders.

The Marquess Monpesat had his horse killed under him, and his Hat shot through with a Musket Bullet, and so had also Monsieur d' Epinchat, and the Captain of the Mareschal's Guard. The Spaniards lost fewer Souldiers, and few or no Officers, but there were many hurt, and amongst others the Mar∣quess himself, received a slight hurt with a Musket Bullet.

After this Action the French Army staid 17 days at Montemagno, and nei∣ther party being in a condition to do any considerable thing, all this Cam∣pagne was spent in marches, and Countermarches, from one place to ano∣ther: The French desiring to live in the Territory of Milan upon their Ene∣mies Country, and the Spaniards to hinder them from doing of it; during which time there fell out several Skirmishes between them, with various success.

The French after disldoged from Montemagno, and went to Fubine, being always coasted by the Spanish Army, who at the same time leaving Feliz∣zano were a front of them, and there some Burgundian Officers, having a de∣sire to wait upon the Mareschal Grancè, as being known unto him, and his friends, by Licence of the Marquess Caracene went, and spoke with him, as did also afterwards the Marquess himself, and the Mareschal, both the one, and the other, being accompanied by the prime men in either Army; they

continued together in conference about two hours, with much civility, and complements. The French being all of them much taken as well with the Valour, as great courtesie of Caracene, by whom he was highly valued, as a generous and prudent Captain, so as many of the French said to the Spani∣ards themselves, That t'was great pity he was not a French-man.

This conference being past, the French Army marched to San Salvator, and from thence, the Marquess Monpesat three days after, with 500 Horse, and as many Foot, scoured all the Country thereabouts, Pillaging several Towns, and gathering together a great quantity of victuals; the Army staid for those three days at San Salvator, that of Spain being always in the Flank of it, with design either to distress it for want of Victuals, or take it in some place of disadvantage, and fight it; in which time there past continual Skir∣mishes between the Scouts of either party. But the French afterwards per∣ceiving that by reason of the great vigilancy of the Spanish Captains, they could gain little in that Country, retired towards Monferrat, unto Mon∣calvo; and for as much as Grance had strict orders from Court that he should be sure to Winter in the State of Milan, he marched to Gabbiano, and casting a Bridge of Boats over the Po, a little below Crescentino, the French passed toward Sesia to plunder, and live in the Enemies Country, took the Castle of Carpigna, Garrisoned by two Italian Companies, run over all the Country even to the Gates of Novara, and made several other marches without any other Action between them, but only some skirmishes, which from time to time fell out between the parties, because the Spaniards intend∣ing to hinder the French from taking up their Winter quarters in the State of Milan, were sometimes in Flank, sometimes in Front, and other whiles upon their backs, with so much inconvenience and trouble to them, that at last finding themselves not so strong, as was necessary to maintain the Posts which they had taken, and the season growing very bitter, they were forced to retire into Piedmont, where lying too heavy upon the Duke of Savoy his Subjects, the French Horse was sent beyond the Mountains to Winter in Daul∣phine, Bress, and Dombes, and so ended the Campagne for this year 1653, with some resentment of the Court, who intended that the Troops should (what ever became of it) maintain themselves upon the Enemies charges that Win∣ter in the State of Milan.

In this mean time the Courriers who brought the Letters and Capitula∣tions of Bourdeaux were come to Court, and Monsieur de Las, (who was dis∣patched from the Generals, and Monsieur d' Estrades) having made his rela∣tion of all passages, the Amnestie was presently dispatched unto the Bur∣delois, containing an entire abolition of all their Crimes, none being accept∣ed in it but the Councellor Trancours, and Blaru, and Desert, Merchants, who were sent by the Olmiera into England, and also Duna Festa, and Villars, heads of that Faction, and Clerac, who was deputed by them into Spain; it was far∣ther ordered, that the Citizens should renew their oaths of Fealty unto the King, and rebuild the Castles Trombesta, and de Ha, as being necessary to re∣press all popular risings, and to protect and defend the good, and able Citi∣zens, it being evident, that in all Cities the Common People are ever Ene∣mies to those persons who have most to lose.

This declaration of the King's being proposed to Monsieur La Vic Advo∣cate General who was then in Bourdeaux, that he might make the process against those two spyes from Marsin, and Lenet, sent back into the City, and verifie it; Every one expected from the Parliament proofs of their submis∣sion, which might cancel the memory of their passed disobedience: But La Vic willing to make use of this occasion to render himself necessary, raised such scruples and intrigues, by his propositions, which were interlaced in such

manner with his conclusions, that some of the Counsellors of Parliament took thence occasion to restrain the King's Will, with such Glosses, Comments, and Modifications, that it appeared they would be, not the Interpreters, but Mode∣rators and Disposers of the Kings Favours, so as none should be thanked for them, but themselves.

They did particularly excite the people not to suffer the yoke of the Castles, ordering that new Instances should be made to Court for demolishing the Forts in the City, and that in case the King were absolutely resolved to im∣pose that Slavery upon them, yet that those Places should not be under the command of the Governour of the Province.

This reflexion was not pleasing to the King's Ministers, and much less the Condition, That the publishing of the Amnestie should be put off, until the re∣sidence of the Parliament should be established, as if their return to Bourdeaux (which was so much the more suspected by the Court, by how much 'twas more earnestly desired by them) were necessary for the security of the people, or for rendring the King's Pardon valid.

These Actions of the Parliament, and these their so extravagant underta∣kings, were highly resented by the Duke's of Vendosme and Candale, as if it had been a flat disobedience; whereupon they presently gave order to the Counsellors which had retired to Reolle, to return unto their residence in Bourdeaux: The said de Vie, who was believed Author of this bold attempt, for his own particular ends, was forbid to stay in Bourdeaux; and the Origi∣nal Declaration being got out of the Parliament Notary his hand, was by Or∣der from the Generals, published by the ordinary Magistrates of the City.

The Court being as much surprised with this disorder, as disgusted with the Parliament of Guienne, whose most faithful Members appeared to be re∣bellious, by a severe Decree of Councel on the 26th of September, gave them a sore mortification, commanding them not to intermeddle in any thing whatsoever which concerned the State.

The Generals in the mean time seeing the nearness of the Troops to be a trouble to the City, resolved to draw them off, and the Warr in that Province being ended by the taking of Peregueaux, the Count Bougy, Lieutenant Ge∣neral was by Order from Court sent away with between 5000 and 6000 Horse and Foot towards the Frontiers of Flanders; 3000 Foot, and 1200 Horse more marched towards Catalonia, and there remained onely part of Vendosme's Army in the Countrey (vulgarly styled, That between the two Seas,) ready to be put on Shipboard in case the Spaniards continued in the Garonne, from whence two Leagues distant from Blaye they landed, and burnt some Works belonging to the Duke San Simon; and on the other side they went up into the Medoc, and burnt the Country thereabouts.

Vendosme during this time, had taken a view of his Shipping lying under the Fort Caesar, and together with those which had been provided in Bour∣deaux during the Siege, proposed to fight the Spaniards, which was extream∣ly desired by the Duke of Candale, and Monsieur d' Estrades, who for that de∣sign had brought Seven hundred Marriners from the Islands of Rochel under his Government: But the Sea-Captains represented, That the Forces were unequal in the number of great Ships; and that although the French Shipping were more, yet they were less, so as the Spaniards had great advantage with their Gal∣lions full of fresh men, whereby they would be easily Masters of them, the King's Ships being neither well furnished with Men, nor sufficiently fitted with Cordage and other Trimming; and supposing the Spaniard should stand out to Sea, or keep in the Mouth of the River where they were, the Galleys, armed Shallops, and other lesser Shipping would be of no use, which notwithstanding where the River was nar∣rower, and barred with Sand, would be able well to assail them in case the Spaniards should advance higher.

To end these differences and disputes made by the Captains of the Ships, Monsieur d' Estrades undertook to gather a number of Mariners fit to fight, and to serve with them himself upon the Shipping; but whilest he executed the Duke of Vendosme's Order to bring them, the Spaniards were suddainly seen to hoist sail, and advance towards Blaye, up to Paulliac, not as at first, 5. or 6. at a time to fetch Water, but it seemed that the whole Body of the Fleet would go against the French, at a time when for the ease of Bourdeaux, the Duke of Vendosme had sent his men unto Xaintoigne; but they being with all speed recalled, and some Regiments advanced to go on Shipboard, the Spaniards retired unto the Foss of Verdon.

The Duke of Vendosme had himself viewed the Spanish Vessels upon the 26th of September, and he had sent the Chevalier Carteret, and English-man, to inform himself at a nearer distance of their condition. He found there were 28 Great, and strong Galeons, but by some prisoners taken in the Isle of Pa∣tiras, 'twas understood that an Infirmity called the Scurvy, which seises on their Joynts, was much amongst them. They landed notwithstanding at St. Surin de Cadurna, in Medoc, where they burnt some houses, before the King's Forces were in a condition to repulse them, or plant some Cannon against them, which the Duke of Vendosme had appointed for that purpose. Who preparing himself to go against them, had sent some Galeots to St. Surin de Mortagne, and to Mortagne it self, to make provision of Corn. Marsin be∣ing come to the Spanish Fleet, had a design upon that Town, landed 3000 men, surprised the Ten French Galeots come to fetch Corn for the Army and Fleet, forced the Castle, and sacked some houses; but doubting after that Monsieur de Breval, a Mareschal de Camp, should come upon him with the Re∣giment of Normandy, quartered a side hand of it, he abandoned the Posts that he had taken; and if Breval had had the least number of Horse to cut off the Spaniards passage, they being unprovided of Horse, and laden with Booty, he might have given them a total Rout.

Marsin made some Barricadoes in a Meadow which reached unto the Ri∣ver, having the Channel of Mortagne which covered him on the one side; and on the other his own men drawn up in Battalia. He sustained the Skirmish with Courage sufficient, Imbarqued the Goods, and Plunder of that mise∣rable Town, losing notwithstanding some Foot in his Retreat, taken by that Regiment of Normandy, who as the Spaniards imbarked and thereby grew fewer, fell upon them.

Monsieur L'Estrades gathered in this time out of the Towns under his Go∣vernment about Rochel, and Brouages, about 1200 Mariners, who being got together, and put a Shipboard, 'twas resolved that they should presently set sail to fight, or chase away the Spaniard.

The Duke of Vendosme went aboard the Admiral, and having Shipped his Men, they set sail against the Spaniard, who being surprized at this unex∣pected resolution, set fire to some Barks, and small Boats, and by the favour of the wind retired. Vendosme followed them to the Rivers Mouth, and there saw that they divided themselves into two Squadrons, one directing their course towards Biscay, and the other towards Dunkirk.

The Duke took land at Royon, and whilest he staid there to know certain newes of the Enemies Fleet, the Vice-Admiral of Spain called San Salvator, which came from St. Sebastians, accompanied by a Foyst laden with Victu∣als and other Provisions, entred into the River, not knowing that the Spanish Fleet was gone, and engaged her self so far amongst the French Shipping, that the said two Ships being laid aboard, after some resistance were forced both of them to strike Sail, and yield.

There was aboard the said Vice-Admiral, 40 Pieces of Cannon, and aboard

the Foyst 700 Marriners, and provisions of Victuals for a month for the whole Fleet. After the taking of these Swisses, the French Shipping went into the River Sudre, and the Duke of Vendosme returned to Court.

Monsieur d' Estrades for his great merits was declared Maiore of Bourdeaux, a place much esteemed, and of great importance, being the principal amongst all the inhabitants, Maiore signifying head, and Governour of the City; the Mareschal's of France de Mattignon, d'Ornano, and de Roquelaure, having here∣tofore enjoyed that Office. The stirs in Bourdeaux were thus quieted, and the people enjoying the fruits of that Peace granted unto them by the King's favour; the Plague coming into the City, allayed much the gust of their re∣pose; the freedom of Commerce being interrupted thereby, and by the Cala∣mity of all the Neighbouring Towns, who tasted of the same Calamity, and were almost dispeopled by it.

The Deputies of Bourdeaux coming afterwards unto the Court, which was then at Chalons in Champaigne, were received by their Majesties with such demonstrations of clemency, and affection, as took from their memory, the shame of their past errours, and gave them courage to expect favours from his Majesties Bounty; in the mean time the Parliament of Guienne which was retired to Reole, received the provisions for the Government of Limousin, granted by his Majestie unto the Mareschal Turenne.

He by the vigour of his Sword, and prudence of his Councels, kept the Frontier quiet, from all attempts of the Enemy, and encamped always where he might observe the Prince of Conde's motions; who though he were retired a little to refresh his Souldiers, had not yet laid aside the thoughts, of taking the field afresh, and at least to keep his Winter quarters in France.

But the Cardinal Mazarine finding himself, by the happy success in Guien∣ne, freed from that strong diversion, which was given to the King's Forces in those parts, and being now at liberty which all the Forces to repel the Prince of Conde's bold designs, and take from him all the Credit he had in France, having called all the Generals unto a Councel in his Abbey at Laon, proposed unto them that he desired before the Forces drew into their Winter quarters, it being as yet Autumn, which in France is used to be mild open weather, to attempt the taking of St. Menhaud, from the Prince of Conde, as that which having in it a strong Garrison, scoured all the Coun∣try thereabouts, and drew great contributions not only from the open Towns, but from those also that were Walled.

The opinion of the greatest part of the Commanders who met in Councel, was not to engage in any Enterprize that year, because the Spaniards though much weakened by the Siege of Rocroy, might draw out again, and return∣ing with considerable Forces, might either raise the Siege, which would much prejudice the reputation of the Army; or by way of diversion recom∣pence the loss of it, with something which would be of more importance.

The Cardinal opposed this opinion, and let them see, that with the Ar∣mies of the two Mareschals Turenne, and Ferte Seneterre, they might make head against the Spanish Army, and at the same time invest St. Menhaud with the King's Guards, and some few Forces added to them; and afterwards the Forces which were expected from Guienne, and new Levies from Germany being joyned to them, they might besiege the Town, and carry it, whereby all Champaigne would be freed from the Plunderings, and damage, which they suffered by that Garrison.

This opinion prevailing, the Court returned from Laon, unto Soissons, and from thence upon the 20th of October went to Chalons; mean while the Marquess Castelnau drew out with about 1500 men from Turenne's Army, and was sent towards St. Menhaud, and St. Mor also did the like with 900 Horse, and some Foot, provided by the Cardinal, and they with these Forces the

next morning blocked up St. Menhaud, making four quarters about it, but without drawing any line about it, because the Armies of Turenne, and Ferte Senneterre, standing to cover, and defend the besiegers, they pretended to take it by storm without a Siege.

And although it appeared ridiculous, that 3500 men should attempt to besiege a City with a strong Castle, Garrisoned by above 1500 men, under the command of brave Chieftains, the Marquess de Fortz, Governour of the City, and Monsieur de Montal Commander in the Castle, but who directed all as being Conde's greatest Confident; they undertook the matter notwith∣standing with so much readiness, and courage, that the issue of it made it ap∣parent how great the Judgment, and ability of the Cardinal was, who him∣self alone (contrary to the opinion of all the other Commanders) made them engage in this design.

There commanded then in the King's Camp as Lieutenants General, the Marquesses of Castelnau, and Uxelles, the Count of Navailles, and Monsieur St. Mor; the provisions for the Camp were brought from Chalons, and for want of Horses, and Carts, all the Country being ruined by the War, they made use of the Court Carriages, a thing extraordinary, and which not being foreseen by the Enemy, made them constantly believe that 'twas a vain En∣terprize, being resolved upon without means convenient to perform it; principally because Clermont was on the left hand, the Garrison whereof scoured the Campagna, and incommoded all the Neighbouring Country, ha∣ving amongst other exploits, one day taken divers of the Court-horses under Carts of Ammunition, and Victuals, going to the French Camp.

The Mareschal Turenne, in respect the Cardinal had undertaken the said Siege, rose from Aubigny, and with between 6, and 7000 men, put himself to observe the motion of the Spaniards, who seemed as if they would go towards Rocroy. The Mareschal de la Ferte, placed himself with his body between the Mose, and Clermont, to countenance the besiegers. The Count Beaujeu marched farther into Picardy with about 2500 chosen Souldiers, to guard the Frontier places: The Duke d' Elboef, and the Count d' Illebonne his Son, with their men, kept sometimes at Rosan, sometimes at Mon Cornet, and some∣times at other Posts, according as the business most required.

The 26th of October the King accompanied by the Cardinal, and a good number of principal Cavaliers of the Court, went to the Camp to see the posture of it, and to give countenance to the Siege, he lodged in the Abbey of Cicussy, belonging to the Cardinal Bichi, and from thence went to the rising of a Hill, under which was the quarter of Marquess Castelnau, from whence some Cavaliers went in bravery within a Musket shot of the Walls, and amongst them the Count de Guiche, eldest Son of the Mareschal Gramont, though a youth not above 15 years of Age, being all fire, and spirit, advanced his Horse before the rest, and without fear discharged his Pistol upon the Enemies Guard, and returned without hurt unto his Majesty, who was much edified to see so extraordinary a Courage, which to the French Nobili∣ty uses to be an unseparable companion of their high Birth. And there be∣ing a Councel of War held in his Majesties presence, they resolved to send Monsieur de Villequier with a Summons to the besieged, and a particular de∣mand unto the Marquess de Fortz, to give up the Town unto his Majesty.

This Marquess, by the mediation of Monsieur de Vaubecourt his Brother-in-law, who was Governour of Chalons, treated to make his peace with the Court, and the business was upon the point agreed; but the Town being blocked up, just as he expected the Prince of Conde's consent unto the agree∣ment, he thought he could not with his honour quit it, but as a generous Cavalier stand in defence thereof, he returned therefore that answer, and

that Montal might have no occasion to suspect his Faith; he declared that he would in that Siege serve as a private Souldier, leaving the care and Govern∣ment of all to him; which he did, exposing himself always to the greatest dangers.

The King returning upon the 28th of October to Chalons, upon the first of November the French began to break ground, and make their aproaches on two sides, and planted their Batteries against the City, but with little pro∣fit, by reason of the brisk defence the besieged made by sallyes, and other oppositions, which made the Enterprize seem difficult.

Upon news brought that the French besieged this Town, the Prince of Conde who (as hath been said) was troubled with a Quartane Ague, gave order unto the Counts Briole, and Duraz, that drawing together what strength could be gotten out of the neighbouring quarters, they should en∣deavour to put some relief into the Town, and the whilst he with the Spanish Generals would gather together all their Forces, not so much to defend that place, as to be able to take up Quarters within France.

The said Counts by assistance of the Lorenois, got together 3000 Foot, and 2000 Horse, and advanced to accomplish their design; which without doubt had taken, if the Cardinals diligence had not prevented them, who having notice thereof upon the 4th of November at Night from the Count Grand Pre, Governour of Mouson, presently leapt out of Bed, and gave orders about it; he dispatch'd presently Monsieur d'Onè Lieutenant of his Guard to Vitry, to make the Count Brugy with the Forces of Guienne come in all hast unto the King's Camp; he commanded the Gens d' Armes, and Horse of his Maje∣sties Guards, and his own, and all the Gentlemen of his House to march im∣mediately. He forthwith sent Courriers all about, that from all places Soul∣diers should come, and re-inforce the King's Army, to the command of which he appointed the Mareschal du Plessis Pralin, in whose fidelity, and experien∣ced Valour, he had great confidence; so as by break of day all the Souldiery, and as many Gentlemen as were about the Court, were Horsed and Armed, with a readiness equal unto the quickness of their Life, and Spirit.

The Mareschal went from Chalons after Dinner the same day, and being accompanied by a good number of Volunteers, and the said Guards, marched towards the Camp to be there at Night the most privately he could, and that he might be ready to fight them the next morning, at which time they were expected▪ but the Commanders of Conde's Troops moved not at all, being perhaps in fear of being encountred, and inclosed by Mareschal Ferte S••nn••terre, who by the Cardinal's Order, was drawn off from the Army with 3000 Horse, and 500 choice Dragoons, and marched to get between Clermont and St. Menhaud, being a fit place to charge upon the Enemies Rear, in case they had engaged themselves in any design against the Army that besieged the Town.

The next day all the Troops of Guienne came up, being in number Ele∣ven Regiments of Horse, and Ten of Foot, all Old tried Souldiers, so as the Army being now re-inforced by these, and other Recruits which came from Germany, Conde could not undertake to relieve it without a full Army, and that with evident danger of being drawn to a pitch't Battel, then much desired by the French, but abhorred by the Spaniard, who should then have run too great a hazard, and therefore were very wary in seconding the da∣ring Councels of the Prince of Conde, about fighting a Battail, or the under∣taking of any hazardous design; and especially it being about a Town be∣longing to the Prince himself, they were not willing to venture their Soul∣diers for anothers benefit: To which was added, That the Lorenois pretend∣ing to have done sufficient for that Campagne, were resolved not to draw again out of their Quarters.

Upon the arrival of the Mareschal du Plessis, the Siege was taken up with greater vigour, being notably defended by Montal, with frequent Sallies, and losses on both sides; and better he would have done, had not a Magazine of Ammunition been blowed up the Night before the 6th of November, by means of a Cannon Bullet shot into it, or some other accident, the same being variously reported. The French assaulted vigorously the Half-Moon before the Port du Bois, and at the same time got into the Ditch on the other side; but the Besieged fallying out upon their backs hindered their work, and took prisoner Monsieur d'Ortis, a Lieutenant of the Guards; and hurt several other Souldiers and Officers, amongst whom was Monsieur de Pontet, a Captain of the said Guards. Upon the 16th day they made a Sally upon the Guard of Monsieur de Nancre, who commanded then in the approach, but were with some loss beaten back, which happened also in another Salley, made upon the Trench kept by the Regiments de Guard two days after, where they were repulsed by Monsieur de Charmon, a Captain of that Regiment, with the loss of some Souldiers, and of Monsieur de la Garde, Lieutenant Colonel of the Regiment de Burgoigne. Which was also seconded by the death of Mon∣sieur Demon, Sergeant Major of the Town, who was next day killed in the Ditch, as he went to discover which way they might go with most security, to interrupt the Works of the Besiegers.

The Marquiss Castelnau in the mean time attacked a Work called Ferra Ca∣valli, and having carried it, got into the Ditch, and made a Gallery to defend the Miners; which succeeded well, after they had beaten back two Sallies of the Besieged, who were many of them killed upon the place. The Regi∣ments d'Uxelles, and Dampierre, on the other side, took the Half-Moon on the right side of the breach called La Exvelape; whereupon the French being on the one side ready to give the Assault, and a Mine ready to blow up the Bastion on the other, the Besieged wanting Powder, demanded a Parley, and offered to give up the Town, if in Eight dayes they were not relieved: which being refused by the Mareschal, who gave order for prosecution of his Works; Upon the 25th day, Montal without any reserve, agreed to march out of the Town, with Arms, and Baggage; which he did upon the 27th of November towards Rocroy, being followed but by few French, because the greatest part of those who served him, accepted the Amnestie, and either went into the King's Service, or their own houses; as did also the Marquiss de Forz, Mon∣sieur de Taissy, Geneste, and others, who being invited by the King's Clemency, c••st from their minds all kind of bitterness, and found that the true happiness of Subjects, consists in their entire obedience to their Soveraign,

Together with this Enterprise of St. Menhaud, ended the Campagne 1653; which in the beginning of it was likely to have proved very prejudicial, and fatal, to the King's Interests, by reason of the unequality of Forces, and the Diversion in Guienne, which was the most part of it under the Princes, so as the more hard and improbable a matter 'twas to hinder the Enemies Pro∣gress, so much the greater Glory resulted by it unto the Prudence of the Car∣dinal, and valour of the Commanders, who were able to gain so considerable advantages; and having through so many disasters and cross accidents of For∣tune, brought things unto so good an end, we cannot choose but hope for the continuance of good success, since the malignity of the times can never be so great, but that it will be overcome by the constant endeavours of Wit, and Prudence.

By taking of this Town, the Countrey thereabouts was freed from the Contributions they were enforced to pay unto this Garrison, to avoid the mischiefs which otherwise they did unto them.

During this Siege, the Cardinal failed not with incredible diligence to

have an eye to all, and to give such Orders as were convenient for the good Government of the Kingdome. He dispatcht Courriers into Provence, to make them with their Galleys carry necessary Provisions into Rosa, doubting least the Spaniard after the happy relief of Girone, should lay Siege to that im∣portant place; he sent the Captain of his own Guard to Brisac, to conclude the Negotiation with Count d' Harcourt, and get that considerable Fort to be left freely unto his Majesties disposing; he applyed to Bourdeaux such reme∣dies as were proper for curing the unquietness of that people, to make them tast the Sweet of Peace, that they might thereby better know the bitterness of their passed troubles: Orders being afterwards given out for the Souldiers Winter Quarters with the least trouble that might be unto the Subjects, he returned with the King to Paris, where his Majesty was received as in Tri∣umph, with theincredible applause of every one, and with so much admi∣ration of the Cardinal's Abilities, that his Name was rendred Venerable, and immortal, by the Hands, and Tongues of those, who had before exclaim∣ed against him.

Whilst the Cardinal Mazarine was imployed about the business of the Campagne, and intent upon the Enterprize of St. Menhaud, the Countesses of Mancini, and Martinozze, his Sisters, with a Daughter of the latter Coun∣tess, who after Barbarine's alliance with the Pope had left Rome, came into Provence, being honoured in all places where they passed, and particularly in Genoua, with all those marks of honour, and esteem, proper unto the ge∣nerosity of that State, and due unto the merit of their Brother, and their own worthy qualities, being Ladies endued amongst their many other Vertues, with an admirable Modesty, and excellent Deportment; they staid in Pro∣vence for some days, and coming to Paris when the Court was returned thi∣ther, were received with an Affectionate courtesie, not onely by the Grandees of the Court, but also by his Royal Majesty.

The Affairs standing in the posture hath been related, the Prince of Conty was in Cadillac, where Monsieur de Langlada the Cardinal's Secretary lay sick, amongst other discourses which past between them, the Prince discovered to him the design he had to make his Peace at Court, and put in execution the last Advice he had received from the Mouth of his dying Father, which con∣sisted in this, That he should alwayes stand for the King's Interests, and never swarve from the Obedience due unto his Prince.

He revolved in his mind upon the example of his Brother, who whilest he had contained himself within his Duty, had been Fortunate, and Glorious. He considered, That the misfortune of his Family, deceived by their Friends, who for their own particular Interests had made a separation between him, and his Brother, reduced him unto the necessity, either to be in an ill condi∣tion, wheresoever he should live, without Favour or Trust at Court; or to take unfitting means for returning with glory and advantage to his first obe∣dience, and preserve his Family in that condition, wherein his Father had by great endeavours left it, and from whence Conde was about with so much inadvertency, to throw it headlong.

He foresaw that to retire himself into Spain, would be contrary unto his Genius, and 'twould be to expose himself absolutely to the revenge of a Brother, who prepossessed by Count Marsin, blinded by Lenet, and full him∣self of sinister impressions against him, would make a scorn of him, and of those Eminent Services he had done him in Emergencies of high Importance, having with an admirable dexterity kept up his Party with a few Men, and little Money, amidst the aversion of the People, who were tired even to extre∣mity, with the Miseries of Warr; he thought that by retiring into Italy, or any part of his own Lands in France, he should never be able to avoid the con∣tinual

suspitions would be had of him by the Court; so as either t'one way; or t'other, his life in the flower of his Age would prove unhappy, idle, and unworthy of his Lively Spirit, and Courageous Heart, which made him ca∣pable of all Noble Actions; revolving therefore with himself, what was Es∣sential to his own Interest, and weighing prudently what was fit for him to do, he found the onely means to preserve himself in a condition fit for a Prince, such as he was, would be to follow the example of the Prince his Bro∣ther, and to unite himself with the first Minister, by the strict tyes of an Al∣liance, which would consequently restore him to the Favour of his Royal Majesty.

He gave a hint of these thoughts unto Langlada, but opened himself after with greater confidence unto the Duke of Candale, with whom he professed to have a particular tye of Friendship; neither was he deceived in his thought, for the Duke concurring in opinion with him, approved his thoughts as well projected, and firmly grounded, praising the Resolution with frank sincerity, notwithstanding the Duke himself were far proceeded in a Treaty with the same party the Prince proposed, and did extreamly desire the conclusion of it.

The Prince for all this thought it not fit to discover his thoughts so sud∣dainly unto the Court, but onely sent thither Monsieur Menil the Captain of his Guard, onely to pass Complements, but without Letters of Credence, or other Instructions. Menil was received with great kindness, and he ha∣ving informed himself touching the sence, not onely of their Majesties, but also of the Cardinal, and all the other Ministers, assured the Prince, That he had found so great an inclination in the Cardinal towards him, that he might cer∣tainly assure himself of an eternal Oblivion of all things past, and of the renewing a sincere Affection towards his Person. Upon these informations he resolved to dispatch thither Monsieur de Saracin his Steward, in whose Fidelity and Prudence he had great confidence, that he might make some Overtures, and speak more freely of those things which he before hinted in Cadillac, unto Langlada.

Saracin found the good inclination of the Court, and in consequence there∣of after some Journeys to, and fro, made by him, and Langlada, the Treaty of Marriage between the Prince of Conty, and the Countess Martinozzi Niece to the Cardinal, was so far advanced, that it was no longer doubted. This News being heard by those who were envious of the repose, and glory, of both Prince, and Cardinal, they attempted with great malignity to sow tares, and foment suspicions between them. Some of them representing unto the Ab∣bot Ondedei, That all this was but an Artifice; That Conty held secret Intelli∣gence with his Brother, and the Dutchess his Sister; and that the effect would ne∣ver be correspondent to the appearance. But the advantage being reciprocal, and the inclinations between the parties equal, the spight of those who malig∣ned them was at last overcome, and the stipulation of the contract was con∣cluded by his Majestie himself, to whose good pleasure the Cardinal refer∣red his will, having already wholly sacrificed himself unto his Service; and if the execution thereof was delayed, it proceeded from the Prince of Conty his good Nature, who would not be present at the making of his Brother's Process, who was accused and declared guilty of High Treason, by the Par∣liament of Paris.

The Prince got his coming to Court to be put off until the end of Carne∣val; and then coming thither was received with all imaginable applauses and content,* 1.1 the first Friday in Lent the Ceremony of their Hand-fasting and Betrothing was performed, with a Dowry of 200000 Crowns given to the Princess by her Uncle, and 50000 more by the King's Bounty; to which was

added a Pension equal to the Church-Livings, which (being a considerable Summe) were resigned by the Prince into the King's hands: After followed the Marriage, which was honoured by the presence of the King, Queen, Duke of Anjou, and all the Princes, and great Lords about the Court; where there were none so stung with Envy, or possessed with Rancour, or ill will, that durst find fault with this Conjunction, because the Merits of the Uncle from the Crown, were altogether unparallel'd, and the Beauty of the Bride was accompanied by all those excellent Conditions, that are able to enforce Praise and Commendations, even from Envious persons and Detractors.

The Queen her self would needs do that Honour unto the Princess, to put her into Bed; and by her Incomparable Kindness, to give testimony of the Content this Marriage brought her.

The King after made a gracious Gift unto the Bridegroom of all the Goods and Charges of the Prince his Brother, which were Confiscate; but he with an exemplar greatness of Mind, refused the Favour, despising all Riches and Dignities which might accrue unto him by such spoyls; to let his Brother know, That in his Heart there reigned no other Interest but that of Reputa∣tion and Honour, which ought to be the onely guide unto the Actions of Mo∣derate and Prudent persons.

The dayes following were spent in the most lively expressions could be made of general Contentment for the re-union of this Branch unto the Royal Stock, which was accompanied with Balls, Musick, and other Recreations befitting a Royal, and Majestick Court; And in honour of these Nuptials, there followed after many Poems composed by several persons, and amongst others by Monsieur Amaltei in France, and Monsieur Torcigliani in Italy, the two most Famous Virtuosi of this present Age.

At the same time that Paris was all in coy by reason of this Marriage, and the good Success of the Campagna; at Brussels on the contrary, all were in Sadness, and apprehension, occasioned by the fear they had conceived of some sinister Accident, by reason of the Imprisonment of Charles Duke of Lorrain, which happened in manner following.

This Prince lived in Flanders with Maximes directed unto the taking of the Common people, conversing with persons of mean condition, and shunning the converse of Noble-men, which by the Nobility was attributed to an extravagancy of humour; with the Common people it got a vogue. But his courses were much the more observed by the Ministers of Spain, because he approved not the Form of their Government. To which was joyned a par∣ticular difference he had with the Prince of Conde, which produced many in∣conveniences, and in particular spoiled all Plots that were well laid, one of them hindring alwaies the designs of the other.

The Count Fuensaldagne in all his Negotiations with the said Duke recei∣ved ever doubtful answers; he was alwaies willing to feed him onely with hopes, and promises; and making shew of great distrust, would alwaies have his money before-hand, when he was to do any Service with his Force; it was known that Cardinal Mazarine caused him to be Treated with under-, hand, to make him quit the Spaniard, and put himself under the Protection of France.

The Prince of Conde, who had particular Information of all that passed by his Friends in the Court of France, and served the Catholick King with all fidelity and truth, could not endure that any prejudice should be done un∣to the Spanish Interests, more than his own concernments; and 'twas the common Opinion in Flanders, That both he, and the Kings Ministers there being advertised of it, gave notice thereof unto the Emperour's Court, and that of Spain, representing to them, That 'twas necessary to come unto a speedy

resolution, to avoid the blow might be expected from the Duke unto his Maje∣sty's prejudice.

After several meetings and consultations in the said Courts, it was resolved, That they should secure his Person in Flanders, as soon as it might be done with∣out confusion or trouble. This Order was some time before come from Spain; but could not be as then effected.

Finally, In the Campagne 1653, it was discovered that he had made an Agree∣ment with France, That in case the Armies came to fight, the Lorenois should stand Neuters, without assisting either Party: And the suspicion thereof, was the occasion that when the Armies faced each other, the Spaniards (as hath been said) durst not ingage the French, nor make use of the opportunity they had to fight Turenne, but the Forces of both sides (after the taking of St. Menhaud by the French) being gone into their Winter-quarters, & the Duke being in Brus∣sells, an Arrest upon his person was resolved to be executed in manner following.

First, 'twas agreed with the Count Ligneville, Commander-General of the Loranois (who had a particular Antipathy against the French Nation) that in cause any change of Quarters should be made among the Spanish Souldiery, he would take order that his men should not move, and then they caused some Troops to draw near Brussels for the effecting of the Arrest which had been or∣dered.

The Duke was advertised of this, but said to him who gave him that no∣tice, that he valued it not in case those were the Troops who changed their Quarters.

The King's Ministers being in doubt notwithstanding that he might escape by Night, either by favour of the Citizens, or some other way, kept a most strict watch at the Gates; the next day the news was spread abroad over the City, and coming to the Duke's ears, he answered, I fear not: Night being come, a while before Sun-set the Duke being with a Father Confessor at the Magdalenes, in their little Church, he saw Count Garcia, Sergeant Major General, come in with many Officers attending on him; the sight of whom made him change colour.

The Count told him, That the Arch-Duke was to confer with him immediately about several Affairs of great importance to the Crown, and expected him at the Pa∣lace. The Duke answered, He thought the hour something late, and that in the morning he would perform his Duty. The Count then replyed, That he had order to bring his Highness to Court that Night. Upon which the Duke said, Your Lordship may please to go, and I will follow.

When they came unto the street before the Palace, where the Courtiers use to walk, the Count said to him; Your Highness is to go towards yonder other ap∣partment, for I have the King's order to arrest you.

The Duke then stood, and after he had with a frank speech, ripped up the Services he had done the House of Austria to the total ruine of his own, he high∣ly blamed the Spaniards usage, and refused to go farther, till he had spoken to the Arch-Duke. But he could not obtain that satisfaction; for Garices had told him, That in case he refused to go willingly, he must be enforced to carry him by violence. Finally, the Duke being perswaded, was brought into the lodgings appointed for him, shewing at first an extraordinary cheerfulness, but the Ca∣valiers being afterwards retired, he resolved 'twere better (since by force he could not do it) to endeavour his own release by submission.

He writ very calmly to the Arch-Duke, and recommended to him the Coun∣tess Cantacroy, his wife, though their marriage was at Rome declared unlawful. Whilst he was writing, the Secretary Navarre entred the Chamber, and made him subscribe an order unto his Troops, That for the time to come they should be obedient to the Arch-Duke. That night he was served at Table by principal Cavaliers; and when Bed time came, two of his own Valets de Chambre were

appointed to wait upon him, at their first entrance into the Chamber, he cryed out with a great sigh, See the remainder of my Fortune. That night all the Citi∣zens had order to be in Arms, to prevent any inconveniences, which was pre∣sently executed, there being none that dis-approved what had been done. In the morning they waked him, but he would not rise, saying 'twas yet too early, to which no reply was made, but he was left to his own liberty: At last when he thought good, he arose, and after he was dressed, they brought him several Dishes of Meat, and he was served by the Arch-Dukes Camariers in extraordi∣nary. The Count Garcies after came in, and told him, That he came to wait upon his Highness to Antwerp; upon which the Duke rose up presently without reply.

Being come out into the Hall, in presence of a numerous Guard he opened his Doublet, and shewing his Breast, said aloud to them, I am a Souldier, and fear not all these preparations made for me; I only desire that some of you would take my Life, and by my Death all troubles will be ended.

Many would have it, that he believed they were absolutely resolved to kill him by some lingring death; but Garcies with all sweetness told him, He wondred his Highness should entertaine such thoughts, that the King his Master intended no∣thing but to secure him for some time. He then went on, and it being now late, all the people ran togehther to see him pass in a Coach, being Guarded through the City by 300 Horse. The Duke made no shew of sadness to the people, but with courtesie and in a pleasant manner saluted the Citizens by name, and passing by a lodging wherein some French belonging to the Prince of Conde lay, he said to them, Ah! What will the World say that the Duke of Lorrain should be made a Prisoner by the Spaniard for whom he hath lost all his own Country. Being come out of the City, the said Count Garcie, who was something sickly, had License to return, and the Guard of him was assigned to another Colonel; when he took leave, the Duke told him with Tears in his Eyes, That he had brought him through the City at Noon day to make him a laughing stock unto the People: Garcie answered, His Highness had been cause of that by remaining so long in his Bed. The Duke replyed, That he was a faithful Servant to the King, and his actions would speak him so; and that he had never done any dis-service to the House of Austria, and prayed him to inform, and assure the Arch-Duke thereof, when he should relate uno him what had passed, and that he would also give an assurance unto Fuensaldagne of his affection. He was conducted unto the Castle of Antwerp where he was kept for some time before he was sent into Spain; his House was after searched, his Papers seised, and all the Goods sequestred, which were found in his, or the Countess Contueroy her house, which were amongst other things, Jewels of the value of 500000 Crowns, which belonged to the House of Lorrain, and amongst the rest, a very fair Diamond, given heretofore by the Emperour Charles the fifth unto a Duke of Lorrain one of his Ancestors, which was called Charles the fifth his Diamond. What sum of money there was found was not declared; and although the general report was that the Duke was considerably rich therein, yet 'twas thought the Spaniards did not find him to be so.

But in regard the Ministers of Spain, suspected that the Lorrain Souldiers, and particularly the Nobility who (purely for affection towards their natural Prince) had followed him, preferring his service before their own particular interests, (even to the leaving of their Country, and loss of their estates) would not endure the injury done to their Soveraigne Prince, but rise up against the Spaniard, and put things into confusion. The Count of Ligneville therefore (who was Lieutenant General) and the other principal Commanders, were gained by money, and other promises, to the affecting whereof the Antipathy between them, and the French, to whom they bear a natural hatred, contri∣buted in a great measure. So as by means thereof, and the declarations which the Arch-Duke made, that he put the command, and whatsoever else belonged

unto the Duke, into the hands of the Duke Francis his Brother, the Souldiery was quieted, and all those stirs they feared were avoided.

The Arch-Duke after published a Manifesto, setting forth the reasons which moved his Catholick Majesty unto this Resolution, the substance whereof was; That when the Duke retired into the Dominions of Spain, to preserve himself from the violence exercised by France against his Person, and Estates, he was received by his Catholick Majesty, and his Lieutenants General, with a sincere friendship, and taken into his particular Protection, with so much love, and care of his Concernments, that he had always included him in all Treaties touching the General Peace, which suffi∣ciently shewed forth the candidnëss of his proceeding, and the honourable esteem had of his Person, admitting him besides into all Councils of War, and other debates of his Majesties Officers, and Ministers of State, that notwithstanding these so great benefits recerved by him, he had contrary unto his duty, and the tyes of gratitude wherein he stood ingaged, done many things prejudiciall unto the Interests of the Crown, from which he had received so great advantages. For that besides the Plundrings, Rapines, Sacriledges, and inhumanities exercised upon the Subjects by his Forces, which were to be imputed unto the Duke himself, and were rendred sufficiently notorious, and pub∣lick, by the general Out-cries, Teares, and Lamentations of the people, there was an ample discovery made of his secret intelligences, and the carrying on of designes by him, no way conducing to the advantage of the publick service, which he was bound to pro∣mote sincerely by the assistance of his Forces; that every man was capable of discover∣ing his inconstancy, and affected irresolution, in the matters to be resolved on touching the War, and the delays used by him in executing the designs of most importance, which was the cause that (by his sole default) many considerable Enterprizes, which according to all probability and humane providence, were likely to have been of great benefit and advantage, had miscarried. That all these things were so well known, not only to the Lieutenants General, Colonels, and other Officers of the Army, but even to the very Souldiers, and common People, who were Eye-witnesses thereof, that they exclaimed, and admired so abominable abuses, were let to run on, without a remedy. That true it was, the King of Spain by reason of his own innate goodness, and the af∣fection he bears unto the House of Lorrain, had been indulgent even to the extremi∣ty; hoping still the Duke touched with remorse of his own conscience, and considera∣tion of his Majesties unparallel'd bounty, would at length return unto his duty. But things proceeding still from bad to worse, and his irregular deportments, being arrived even to the utmost bounds of sufferance, were come to such extremity, that all his Ma∣jesties Subjects, and all the Neighbouring Princes, and States, had them in such abomi∣nation, that the effects of their revenge, were even upon the point of falling upon Flanders, on that account.

His Majesty therefore, that he might no farther provoke the Divine wrath against himself, nor the indignation of the abused Princes and People, against his subjects, could not longer defer the taking such courses, as were necessary to stop the Current of this mischief, by the securing of his Person, wherein he swarved not in the least man∣ner from the Law of Nature, and of Nations, which permits all Soveraign Princes to prevent without respect of any Person whatsoever, all oppressions, and violences exercised against their Dominions, and Subjects, and do justice unto themselves, their People, and the Neighbouring Princes, and States, in Amity with them; having first in vain, made trial of ways of sweetness, for the effecting of it.

That he did this not out of any aversion to the House of Lorrain, but on the con∣trary protested that he would alway protect it, and espouse their interests; in testimony whereof, he had proposed the Prince Francis of Lorrain his Brother to command his Forces; and until his arrival, the Arch-Duke declared and commanded, all should observe and obey the orders of the Count Ligneville, Lieutenant Gene∣ral of the said Forces, giving farther an assurance unto all the Officers, and Souldiers, of a general pardon of all excesses, they had before committed under the said Dukes command; and this Manifesto was made the very day on which

the Duke was arrested, which was the 25th day of February 1654.

It was afterwards insinuated among the Souldiers, that the Duke should not be sent away for Spain, but that some points being adjusted with him, and se∣curity given for his Fidelity, he should be set at liberty; wherewith the minds of the Officers, and Souldiers, affectionate unto the Service of their Prince, were something quieted and that bitterness removed which this unexpected accident had raised amongst them.

The news of this Action coming to the Court of Spain, was received with that content which an Affair deserved, whereon depended consequences of so great importance; but these superficial reflections, corresponded not to those were made by them who looked deeper into the matter, because although the Action were judged to be necessary, and that a longer dissimulation would have been improper, to give a remedy to those disorders, yet the ill consequences such an example might produce, rendred the execution of it to be no way suit∣able, unto the rules of Policy.

It was considered, that the Services the Duke had done the House of Austria were publick, but his failings published in the Manifesto, and declarations of the Arch-Duke, were yet unknown, little credit being usually given to what is published by interested Persons; that it was very hard to wipe out the opini∣on already settled, that the Duke had provoked France against him, only to comply with the Spaniard, and upon that account only, had lost his Country, so as if he were after the loss thereof refuged in Flanders, it seemed rather to be the effect of an Obligation, than their courtesie.

That by how much the deeper he was charged with Crimes by the Spanish Ministers, by so much more the proceedings of France against him, seemed to be justified, with this consideration, that if he had given just cause unto the Spani∣ard whom he had so much obliged, to punish him, the French, against whom he had raised Arms, had certainly a just occasion for what they did; besides it was some trouble to the Spaniard to consider, that upon this example, any Prince, or Person of Quality, who had well deserved from them, might hereupon have a just cause to think, that the Services done to them meet with ingratitude, but the injuries they receive are never pardoned; and thereupon desperately re∣solve, to employ themselves no more in performing Services which are not like to be acknowledged, but choose a party that may be able to secure them against their power of being able to inflict punishment.

The Court of France upon this news made a great stir, and endeavoured to improve this good opportunity of decrying the Actions of their Enemies, which because it may be gathered, from the Manifesto published in the King of France his name, the 2d. of Iuly 1654. in Sedan, where the Court then was: It will not be ••••niss here to insert it.

WHereas the most Christian King hath been given to understand, that divers Commanders, and a great part of the Souldiery, and other Persons belonging to the Army, being Natives of the Countries of Lorrain, and the Barrois, with the great prejudice of their Honour, and duty (notwithstanding the excessive injury done by the Spaniards unto Charles Duke of Lorrain their natural Prince, in imprison∣ing his Person) have taken party with, and engaged in their service; neglecting the advantageous offers made unto them of assistance, for the procuring of his liberty. His Majesty considering that to continue towards them, the same favour, and goodness, he hath been pleased to exercise since Lorrain hath been under his obedience, having never proceeded against any who abandoned their Country; to put themselves into the said Dukes service, because they followed the fortunes, and were obedient to the Commanders of their own Prince) were to render his clemency blame-worthy, and of too great prejudice to his Affairs; be resolves therefore (as justice requires) to im∣ploy all such lawful means as he is able, for their punishment, to punish them, ma∣king

them feel the effects of his indignation, considering they now Act directly con∣trary, not only unto the Interests of his Crown, but also against those of their own Duke, and his Family; unto whom his said Majesty hath upon all occasions sufficiently declared his Affection, and esteem, having several times (as is notoriously known to the whole World) offered the said Duke to restore unto him the possession of his Countreys, if he would forsake the Spanish interests, and take part with him, but those offers (which would have prevented the disgrace that hath befallen him) were still refused, upon the expectation probably he had, that by refusing those advantageous, and consi∣derable offers, made him from France, and his firm adherence unto Spain, for so long a time with such extraordinary constancy, and perseverance, would certainly have merited from them, some other recompence than a Prison, and the loss of all his Goods. His most Christian Majesty doth therefore hereby Order and Expressly command, all Com∣manders, Officers, Souldiers, and others, being Natives of Lorrain, or the Barrois, that serve in the said Duke's Army, or that are any ways engaged in the Spanish Ser∣vice, to abandon the same, and retire within 15 days after the Publication of these pre∣sents, upon the confines of France; either to take pay under his Majesty (in which case they shall be Received and Treated as others are who now serve under his com∣mand) or otherwise to retire themselves in their own Countries, or where ever else their Estates lye; being in such case to make a declaration before his Majesties Iudges where they shall chance to come, or those who are next adjoyning thereunto, that they will no more bear Arms, nor Act any thing directly, or indirectly, against his Maje∣sties Service; upon penalty that such as shall refuse, after the expiration of this Term, shall be prosecuted as Traytors, and declared guilty of High Treason; and suf∣fer the punishment due fore the same, by confiscation of their Goods, demolishing of their Houses, destroying their Woods; and other pains and forfitures, in such cases due, and to be inflicted. His Majestie doth farther order and command the Mares∣chals of France, Turenne, and Ferte Seneterre, Generalls of his Forces in Flan∣ders, Picardy, and Champaigne; to cause this his declaration to be published in all places necessary, that none may pretend Ignorance thereof, and to put the same in Exe∣cution, unto the utmost of their power, declaring that the same credit shall be given unto authentick Copies of this declaration, as to the Original itself.

To this Manifesto was annexed, a declaration concerning the Terms upon which the Colonels, Captains, Officers, and Souldiers, which would put them∣selves into the French Service, should be received; the Tenour whereof is is fol∣loweth.

HIS Majesty highly resenting the imprisonment of the Duke of Lorrain by the Spaniards, and the injurious, and unworthy of age, received by him from those who have no Authority over his Person, or his Forces; hath caused several means to be proposed unto the Count Ligneville (Commander in chief of the said Duke's Army) for procuring his liberty, before he was sent away into Spain, which the said Count was advertised would certainly be done, but he neglected to give ear unto them, unto the prejudice of his Faith, and Honour, having suffered himself to be wrought upon by the Spaniard, to whom he hath shewed much more affection, than to his Lord and Master; and considering that the Colonels, Captains, and other Officers, and Souldiers; may probably be 〈◊〉〈◊〉 disposed to advance his Majesties design for the said Dukes enlarg∣ment; hath by these presents been pleased to give a firm assurance, once all Officers, and Souldiers, as well Foot, as Horse, of the Lorrain Army; who for revenging the wrong, and endeavouring the releasment of their Prince, shall put themselves into his Majestie's Service, and take pay under him.

That they shall be put, and kept together in one body, under the command of Mares∣chal de la Ferte Seneterre, Governour of Lorrain, and the Barrois.

That as soon ••s there shall be got together anybody, or Company of the said Forces,

they shall receive a pay, as well Officers, as Souldiers, and that everyone shall be con∣tinued in his former charge, and imployment.

That every Regiment shall be tried by their own Colonels, in the same manner, as was formerly accustomed.

That his Majesty will assigne them Winter Quarters after the end of the Campagne, and that they shall upon all occasions be treated as the other strangers, who serve in pay under his Majesty; who doth upon the word of a King, promise to observe, and make good whatsoever he hath hereby published and declared.

The King of France upon the first news of this imprisonment, had dispatcht Monsieur de Corberez, unto the Count Ligneville, with fit instructions to make him sensible of the obligations he had to endeavour the releasment of his Master, by force of Arms, if by other means he could not obtain it; but all the applica∣tions, and perswasions, made to the Count and Prince Francis of Lorrain, who in a few days after came out of Germany, into Flanders, were without effect; the Count's Antipathy against France, and the Spaniards Arts, working more pow∣erfully with him, then all the declarations, and offers of the French: The Count alledging for his excuse, the orders he had received from the Duke to obey the Prince his Brother; and the Prince those promises made by the Ministers of Spain, that the Duke should be suddenly released, as soon as things could be in such manner adjusted, and dispatched, that they might be secured against those pre∣judices, which the intelligences he entertained with the money, had brought upon them.

The discourses which were after made in either Court, touching this Action so important, and unusual, were very various, and many conceits were pub∣lished thereupon, dictated by hatred, or by passion; for there were some who blamed the Spaniards, as having taken this resolution, onely because they knew themselves unable to satisfie the immoderate covetousness of the Duke, with such Sums of Money as they should be forced to give him, if they intended to make use of him and his Armies Service, and that therefore the Arch-Duke, foreseeing that when Money fell short, he might be drawn to quit them, and make his Peace; they had by this Act sought to prevent him, not upon any just ground they had against him, but only upon a bare suspition of it.

Others published, That all this was a plot of the Prince of Conde, who being na∣turally zealous of the House of Lorrain, and impatient to have a Companion in the Army, who perhaps did in some sort take away part of that profit he ex∣pected from the Catholick King's generosity; and by reason of his wariness in preserving of his Army (which was his All) would not second his fiery reso∣lutions, but gave a stop unto them, by sober, and mature Councells, had by his Artifices contrived, and brought to pass, all this mischief which fell upon him.

But as all these conceptions had no other foundation but guesses, and con∣jectures, grounded only upon likelihoods, so they found not that credit was expected; but as shadows upon the appearance of light vanish, so all those suppo∣sitions were wiped away by another conceit, which of all others came nearest to the Truth, and this was, That the Dutchess of Chevreux, who is witty, and full of Spirit, above any Lady of this Age, being for the reasons above mentioned, a parti∣cular Enemy unto the Prince of Conde, being of the House of Lorrain, and conse∣quently of kin to the Duke Charles; found means to insinuate unto him dexterously, an agreement with the Court of France, proposing to him, That prudent men ought to make use of all imaginable Conjunctures, since there was nothing of greater conse∣quence then to lay hold of opportunity, which renders that at sometimes easie, which when the nick of time's once past, becomes impossible.

The Duke listned unto these Propositions, and much more unto that of 300 thousand. doubloons, to which (as the report went) besides the payment of

his Army (which in that case was to come over from the Spanish Service, into that of France) and entered into a Treaty; the rather, by reason of the Envy he bore unto the Valour, and Prerogatives of Conde, which seemed to lessen the esteem was had of him, and might also dimminish much of his usual gains; and this being discovered either by Conde, or the Count of Fuensaldagne, was the cause that moved the Spanish Ministers to prevent a blow of that importance, which would have proved destructive, and fatal to them, because their Army being lessened by the departure of the Lorrain Forces, and the French recei∣ving a double encrease by the addition of those Forces; all Flanders would have been totally over-run, and wasted by the Enemy.

The Cardinal in the mean time, ceased not to continue the management of Affairs with a wise dexterity; his design was to keep the Kingdom United, to carry the War out of France, and to enforce the Spaniard unto that Peace, which they professed publickly to desire, but were privately resolved never to make.

He renewed therefore the Treaty of Peace with the Protector Cromwell at London, to secure France against those Jealousies, that Kingdom, which was in Arms, and had no diversion, might give unto it, and sent the Mareschal Gram∣mont, on whose Valour and Fidelity he much relyed, unto his Government of Baione, and Bearne, to observe the motions of the Spaniard in Biscay, and pre∣vent all stirs upon that Frontier, either by them, or by the English.

He sent abroad new orders for recruiting the old Troops, and raising new ones, that he might the next Campagne, not only Quarter without fear in Flanders, Catalonia, and Piedmont, but also take in hand any other design upon occasion, and for that reason, gave order for setting out, and Victualling of a Fleet, that when time served might set Sail for Catalonia, or towards the Sea of Naples, where the Duke of Guise pressed for a sudden resolution; relying much upon the good intelligence he had with the discontented Persons in that King∣dom, by whom he was often Solicited, and Persons sent expressly to him from them. Together with the care of things belonging to the War, he mingled also the thought of those, which tended to the settling of Peace at home; and caused his Majestys mercy and clemency to be extended unto all those who were yet contumacious, that so an end might be put unto all Jealousies within the Kingdom; and by experience it might appear, that he desired nothing but to render his Actings, and Ministry, equally profitable, and grateful to the whole French Nation. Towards which (notwithstanding the ill usage he hath received from many of them) instead of seeking his revenge, forgetting all in∣juries done him, he bears so great a kindness, that his whole Study is, to bring them all by favours, unto a repentance for their Errours; that they may avoid all punishment due to the crimes they have committed. And for as much as Money is the sinews of War, and the Soul of all great Enterprizes, he applyed himself with his whole Study, to distribute it in due manner, and raise it with the least trouble of the people, he received in all places good intelligence with friends, and endeavouring to create good correspondencies with Neuters, he dispelled from France all those Cloudy storms of troubles, wherewith 'twas threatned, and restored unto it that calm it now enjoys; which probably will produce the Peace so much desired, and hoped for, in Christendom, and furnish a large matter for Learned Pens, to celebrate the glories of his most Christian Majesty, and applaud the Vertue of him who hath done him such worthy Service.

Notes

• * 1.1

  1654.