A learned and very useful commentary on the whole epistle to the Hebrews wherein every word and particle in the original is explained ... : being the substance of thirty years Wednesdayes lectures at Black-fryers, London / by that holy and learned divine Wiliam Gouge ... : before which is prefixed a narrative of his life and death : whereunto is added two alphabeticall tables ...

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Title
A learned and very useful commentary on the whole epistle to the Hebrews wherein every word and particle in the original is explained ... : being the substance of thirty years Wednesdayes lectures at Black-fryers, London / by that holy and learned divine Wiliam Gouge ... : before which is prefixed a narrative of his life and death : whereunto is added two alphabeticall tables ...
Author
Gouge, William, 1578-1653.
Publication
London :: Printed by A.M., T.W. and S.G. for Joshua Kirton,
1655.
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Subject terms
Bible. -- N.T. -- Hebrews -- Commentaries.
Link to this Item
http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A41670.0001.001
Cite this Item
"A learned and very useful commentary on the whole epistle to the Hebrews wherein every word and particle in the original is explained ... : being the substance of thirty years Wednesdayes lectures at Black-fryers, London / by that holy and learned divine Wiliam Gouge ... : before which is prefixed a narrative of his life and death : whereunto is added two alphabeticall tables ..." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A41670.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 13, 2024.

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§. 165. Of Israels passing through the red Sea.

Hebr. 11. 29.
By Faith they passed thorow the red Sea, as by dry land: which the Egyptians as∣saying to do, were drowned.

THE eleventh instance which the Apostle produceth to prove the Vigour of Faith, is exemplified in Moses, together with all those that under his gui∣dance went out of Egypt. It is indefinitely said, and that in the plural number, a 1.1 They passed thorow.

The word translated, passed thorow, is a compound. The b 1.2 simple verb signifieth to go. The c 1.3 preposition implieth thorow. So as it is well translated, They passed thorow.

Here are intended the whole multitude of Believers; not onely some of the* 1.4 eminent persons, as Moses, Aaron, Hur, Ioshua, Caleb, and such others: but al∣so all of all sorts. So as faith is a grace appertaining not only to extraordinary persons, but also to persons of the meaner rank.

This in brief should stir up all, great and mean, learned and unlearned, Gover∣nors and Subjects, Male and Female, Young and Old, to labour after Faith.

Quest. What kind of Faith was this?* 1.5

Answ. Surely such a Faith as hath hitherto been set forth: a true justifying and saving faith.

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It cannot be denied, but that there was in Moses, and some others, a miracu∣•…•… saith; which may stand with a justifying Faith: as a sensitive soul is in a 〈◊〉〈◊〉 man.

1. Obj. It is said of them who passed thorow the red Sea, that they murmu∣•…•…, and wished they had not been brought out of Egypt. Exod. 14. 11, 12.

Answ.

  • 1. That might be said of some of them; as it is said afterwards, the next 〈◊〉〈◊〉 that was among them. Numb. 11. 4.
  • 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Though upon the sight of Pharaohs host they might distrust, yet upon 〈◊〉〈◊〉 exhortation, and upon sight of the path that was made in the Sea, they 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

〈◊〉〈◊〉. Obj. God sware to them that believed not, that they should not enter into his 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Heb. 3. 18.

A•…•…s. By vertue of the true Faith of some, all might be made partakers of the* 1.6 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and temporal blessing. God in this preservation would manifest a dif∣•…•… betwixt such as professed his name, and such as openly opposed against 〈◊〉〈◊〉.

〈◊〉〈◊〉 place of danger whereinto they went, and thorow which they passed, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 were preserved from the fury of their enemies, is here stiled, the d 1.7 red 〈◊〉〈◊〉. In Hebrew it is stiled e 1.8 the Sea of r•…•…ed, or a Bulrush: by reason of Reeds or 〈◊〉〈◊〉, growing on the banks thereof: or of weeds, in the bottom of it. Those f 1.9 •…•…eeds which Ionah doth thus mention, [the weeds were wrapt about my 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Jonah 2. 5.] are expressed under this Hebrew word, which signifieth Reed, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Rush.

The Chaldee paraphrase, and the Greek LXX. translate it, red-Sea.* 1.10

The Apostle followeth them; so doth Luke in relating Stephens speech. Act. 〈◊〉〈◊〉. •…•…6. In all Nations at and since the several translations of the Bible, called this 〈◊〉〈◊〉, the red-Sea; Hereupon that it might be the better known, what Sea was 〈◊〉〈◊〉 meant, they translated it red-Sea. Thus they translated the Asterismes and Co•…•…stellations which are mentioned, Iob 9. 9. and 38. 32. by the Common 〈◊〉〈◊〉 with which they were then called, as Arcturus, Orion, Pleiades. Which are 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Hebrew names there used; but names taken from the Grecians.

This Sea is called the red Sea, on these grounds,

  • 1. The Sand on the shoares thereof were red.
  • 2. The mountaines bordering thereon were reddish.
  • 3. By reason of the foresaid sands and mountains there appeared a reddish 〈◊〉〈◊〉 upon the waters.

This titlo, red-Sea, is here expressed for distinction sake: to shew that it was 〈◊〉〈◊〉 as the Sea of Tyberias [John 6. 1.] a narrow, shallow Sea; but a broad deep 〈◊〉〈◊〉, as the red-Sea is.

The word which we translate, g 1.11 passed thorow, Implyeth that they passed 〈◊〉〈◊〉 one side to another.

Some of the Iewish Rabbins, whom many Christian Interpreters follow, say, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 they did onely pass on one side of the Sea, from one place to another, in way 〈◊〉〈◊〉 an half-circle, to avoid the fury of Pharaohs Host, and to be a meanes of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 them; as if one should go into the Thames at Westminster, and come 〈◊〉〈◊〉 at the Temple; not touching the other side of the Thames.

Their reasons for this assertion are these,

  • 1. The Israelites had not time enough to pass from one side of the Sea to the other. They were on foot, and had many little Children with them, so as they could not in one night pass over so broad a Sea.
  • 2. The place from whence they went before they passed over, is called Etham. Exod. 13. 20. And the place to which they came after they had ended their iourney, is also called Etham, Numb. 33. 8.

Answ. To the first,

  • 1. The Sea in the place where they passed, might be so narrow, as in a night it might be passed over, especial∣ly by such as fled from their enemies.
  • 2. It is no where said that they were but one night in passing it over. Indeed it is said [Exod. 14. 24.] that in

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  • the morning watch, the Lord looked unto the Host of the Egyptians, and troubled them. This might be a∣bout six in the morning: and God then began to trouble the Egyptians: but at that time might the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 be in the Sea: and though God caused the waters behind them, where Egyptians, were to fall down, yet he might uphold them before the Israelites, as they pas∣sed on.

To the second. The same name might be given to two places; which is fre∣quent in Scriptures, and in all ages and places of the world; especially, one being on one side, the other on the other side of the Sea.

Neere London there is on one side of the river of Leigh a Town called Stratford: and on the other side, another Town called Stratford; and these two distinct Towns, in different Parishes, and different Counties. Besides the notation of the name, * 1.12 Etham, on the one and other side of the Sea, may be given upon a like occasion; For Etham signifieth their comming. It is derived from * 1.13 a verb that signifieth to come, and the last letter of Etham, implyeth a relative pronoun, their, or them. Wherefore because out of Egypt they came to such a place, when they entred into the Sea, it was called Etham; and having passed thorow the Sea, the place whither they first came, was also called Etham.

That they clean crossed the red-Sea, from one side to another, appeares by these reasons.

  • 1. The word here used by the Apostle, they * 1.14 passed thorow, intends as much.
  • 2. It is three times noted in the history, that they were in the midst of the Sea, Exod. 14. 16. 22, 29.
  • 3. As they passed thorow Iordan, so they passed thorow the red-Sea; Iosh. 4. 23.
  • 4. Mount Sina•…•…, whither the Israelites came, after they had passed thorow the Sea, (Exod. 19. 1.) was on the other side of that Sea, in the desart of Arabia. Gal. 4. 24. So also were other places whither they came, after they had passed thorow the red-Sea.
  • 5. If they had come out on the same side of the Sea, on which they went in∣to it, they might have lived in fear of the Egyptians, to gather another army a∣gainst them. But the red-Sea being betwixt them, they are •…•…reed from those 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
  • 6. Going in, and comming out of the Sea, on the same side, would open too wide a gap for Iulianists, Porphirians, and other like Atheists, to illude this mi∣raculous work, by saying, that Moses marked the low ebb of the Sea, and so led the people along: and the Egyptians following when the tide began to arise, were drowned.

This miracle is amplified by this phrase following, * 1.15 as by dry land; The word land is not in the Greek, but yet understood. When the word, dry, is applyed to other things, that other thing useth to be expressed, as * 1.16 a dry hand (Matth. 12. 10.) or a withered hand. * 1.17 A dry tree. Luk. 23. 31. But when it is attributed to the earth, the substantive useth to be left out, as Matth. 23. 15. Ye compass Sea and Land. The word translated land, is the word that is here used in the text, and signifieth dry.

This is here noted,

To give evidence of the divine providence in making the bottom of the Sea on which they went as fit to travell on, as an hard, plain, beaten high way in dry weather. In the history it is said, that the Sea was made dry land, and that they went into the midst of the Sea upon the dry ground. Exod. 14. 21, 22.

This I note, to meet with the conceit of them who refer this circumstance of dry land, to the boldness of the Israelites, as if they had gon through thick and thin, as lustily as if they had gon on dry, hard ground. They ground their opi∣nion on this particle, l 1.18 AS. But we observed before (v. 27. §. 152.) that that particle did not alwayes imply a diminution or a meer seeming of a thing, but a reality thereof.

Notes

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