The Portugues Asia, or, The history of the discovery and conquest of India by the Portugues containing all their discoveries from the coast of Africk, to the farthest parts of China and Japan, all their battels by sea and land, sieges and other memorable actions, a description of those countries, and many particulars of the religion, government and customs of the natives, &c. : in three tomes / written in Spanish by Manuel de Faria y Sousa ... ; translated into English by Cap. John Stevens.

THE PORTUGUES ASIA. TOM. II. PART III. (Book 3)

CHAP. I.

The Government of the Viceroy D. Anton. de Noronna from the Year 1564, till 1568, in the Reign of King Sebastian.

1. WE concluded the Second Part with the Arrival at * 1.1 Goa of the Viceroy D'An∣ton. de Noronna. His good Service in India preferred him to the command of Ormur, and his wise Conduct there to the Government of India.

2. With him went four Ships, and he was received with a general Satisfaction. He im∣mediately sent Relief to Cananor, which was Besieged, giving the Command of the Land to D. Antony de Noronna, and that of the S•…•…a

to Gonçalo Pereyra Marramaque with a good Fleet. D. Francis Mascarenas, who was there with a Squadron before, deliver'd it to him, and went away to his Command of Moçam∣bique: This was occasion'd by that Morish Woman spoke of in the end of Iohn de Men∣doça his Government.

3. Peter de Silva and Meneses, had the command of seven Ships given him to secure the Boats that brought Provisions to Goa, whereof their was a scarcity. About the River Cannaroto he lost sight of three of his Ships by stress of Weather, and after found them encreased to six, for the three had met and taken as many of the Malabars, and were sailing after their Admiral. Returning to the Place where they were dispersed, between the Islands and the Continent, they met the More Murimuja with seventeen Paraos well provided to meet all dangers. He instantly made to our Ships, and after the discharge of Cannon on both sides, they boarded, and having received some damage, the Portu∣gueses sunk two and took five, one of them being Murimujas who was kill'd; the others flying, were pursued to the River Pudepatan, where three Paraos and above fifty Almadies or great Boats came to their Relief. Ou•…•… Cannon repulsed them, and they run up the River: Of the Enemy five hundred were kill∣ed, and three Portuguses.

4. The Viceroy being in care for Cananor, sent thither D. Paul de Lima Pereyra, with four Ships. Being at Anchor in the Bay of Bate•…•…ala, the Malabar Pyrat Canatali came

upon him with seven Paraos loaded with Boo∣ty taken on the Northern Coast. Paul see∣ing him come, sets out to meet him. After the usual Salutes with their Cannon, Cana∣tale with three of his Ships lays D. Paul's Galliot on Board, the others did the like to the other three, whereof two shamefully fled, the third stood by it till he was sunk. Now all the Enemies force fell upon D. Paul, who, with fifty Men he had, did things behond be∣lief, killing above two hundred Mores, but with the loss of thirty Portugueses. D. Paul was so wounded, he was forc'd to sit down and gave order to make to the Enemy, who was drawn off. Canatale, who was preparing to fall on again, seeing the Galliot beyond Expectation make at him, stood away; D. Paul return'd to God, being in no condition to reach Cananor.

5. There our Men were much streightned by the number of the Enemies who were Ma∣sters of the Field. Andrew de Sousa made a good resistance, till he dying, and D. Antony de Noronna succeeding him, with the relief he carried, in several re•…•…counters they kill'd above Two thousand Mores, and cut down Forty thousand Palm-trees. This is the greatest harm can be done that People, be∣cause those Trees are their princi•…•…l Suste∣nance. The City enrag'd hereat, •…•…ll'd to∣gether all the Neighbourhood to the num∣ber of Ninety Thousand, to take Revenge▪ They had the boldness to assault and scale th•…•… For•…•… with such confidence of carrying it, that they had before-hand divided the Booty.

Nic•…•…aripo a Nayre did us great Service, advising D. Payo de Noronna then command∣ing there, to put the Men and Riches of the Town, as not tenable, into the Fort. All was drawn in, except D. Antony de Noronn•…•… and his Men, who said he would live and die by those Walls, and staid accordingly. The Men all prepared themselves for Death, and stood at their Arms all the last night.

6. By break of day the Enemy attack'd the Works with great crys, and above Two thousand of them entred the City. In one place Emanuel Trava•…•…s with Thirty Men did great Execution upon them. D. Antony ap∣pear'd in all Parts, Thomas de Sousa, Gasper de Brito, and the two Betancores, made great slaughter at their Posts. The Field was so cover'd, that never a Bullet was lost. The Enemy began to give back, when two Cazices brought them on again. The assault lasted till Sun-setting, then the Enemy retired to their Camp, with a resolution to protract the Siege. About Five thousand of them were kill'd.

7. At this time came Gon•…•…la Pereyra with his Fleet, and was a great encouragement to them all; and after him Alvaro Paez de 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to succeed D. Payo. They both pro∣secuted the War, and utterly destroyed the City of Aderrajao who commanded at the Siege, and cut down a great Wood of Palm-trees with considerable slaughter to the Enemy, and without losing one Man. This was the end of that Siege.

CHAP. II.

Continues the Government of D. Anton. de Noronna.

1. THE Tyrant Raju disturb'd the Peace of Ceylen, resolving to make himself Master of the whole Island: He gather'd a numerous Army, and the better to surprize the Portugueses in Columbo, gave out, his de∣sign was upon Cota. He encamped between the two Forts and alarming Cota, imagin'd they were unprovided at Columbo, and sud∣denly attacques it by Night, so that above Two thousand Men mounted the Walls, but were as soon thrown down by the Comman∣der Iames de Ataide and his Men. The As∣sault was renew'd, but at length the Enemy, having lost Five hundred Men, retired; Raju resolv'd to carry both places by Famine, since he could not by force. At Cota he at∣tempted to drain the Ditch by turning away the River, and had compassed it, had not Peter de Ataide with some Musqueteers ob∣lig'd his Workmen to give over, killing Three hundred of them. It is said, a Cloud miraculously hung between our Men and the Enemy, which conceal'd the former from the latter, but not them from us, so that they fired at a Mark without being seen.

2. But now Provisions began to fail in Cota, and they fed on things loathsom. A∣taide thinking to take some of the Enemies

Elephants that were in a Wood hard by, sallied out with Eighty Men, but being over∣power'd with a multitude was forc'd to retire, having lost two. Raju knowing how famine raged, had corrupted not only the Natives, but some Portugueses. Luis Carvallo, rather through Dispair than good Will, discover'd the Treason; and Ataide, without taking notice he knew it, gain'd the Hearts of the Conspirators, by favouring and cherishing them. The little Silver he had he coin'd and distributed among them.

3. George de Melo commanding in the Island Man•…•…r, easily perswaded the King of Candea, as being an Enemy to Raju, to invade his Country now he was absent, thinking by that means to draw him from the Siege. He sent Five thousand Men, and with them Thirty •…•…gueses commanded by Belchior de Sousa; they destroyed all as they went, and •…•…tterly fa•…•…ed the great City Chilao, yet Raju 〈◊〉〈◊〉 stir'd. On the contrary he prepar'd 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Assault Cota by Night. A Chingala Wo∣man appear'd at the foot of the Bastion Prea∣•…•… desiring to be carried to our Captain▪ 〈◊〉〈◊〉 discover'd to him Raju's design, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the saving of the City. Some believed 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Woman was an Angel; the truth is, she was Mistress to one of our Souldiers, and •…•…ing her Lover's danger, made this disco∣•…•…. There is nothing so •…•…d, but at some∣•…•… does good.

4. Pe•…•… de Ataide sent Antony de Silv•…•… to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to order Iames, as soon as he hear∣•…•… C•…•…on 〈◊〉〈◊〉 at Night, to sally with his

Men, and fall upon the back of Raju's Army, that would be then busie in the Assault. George de Melo was already come thither from Manar with One hundred Men, seeing the Project of Candea take no effect. In the dead of Night the Enemy attacks the City on all hands, and finds those of Cota ready to re∣ceive him: Yet killing some of the Defen∣dants, they enter the Works in one place, thither the King and Peter hast, and with in∣credible bravery drive them out again. Ste∣phen Gouzales, Captain of the Innamos, with Seven Men did the like upon the like occa∣sion.

5. At this time came from Columbo the o∣ther Ataide and Melo, who by reason of the darkness of the Night, could do no more but fire the Enemy's Camp, and return to their Fort, lest if he succeeded here, he should im∣mediately attack it. Raju in Person with the Flower of his Army attacks the Bastion of Preacota, where he found Fifty Soldiers, that seem'd to him to be Fifty thousand by the harm they did him. These Men afterwards declared, That they saw in the Air a beau∣tiful Woman, who with her Vail cover'd them and received therein the Enemies Bullets and Arrows, whereof many returned upon and kill'd them. By her side was a venerable old Man with a General's Staff in his hand. This was supposed to be the Blessed Virgin and St. Ioseph. Raju in the Morning seeing this great disappointment fled to Ceytavaca, leave∣ing above Two thousand Men dead.

6. Peter de Ataide fearing he might return, and being quite destitute of Provisions, cau∣sed Four hundred of the fattest Men that were killed to be salted, and a Mulato tasted them eating up a Liver. F. Simon of Nazareth urged the unlawfulness of this Food, and A∣taide pleaded necessity: But no use was made of it; for it being known that Raju was not in a Condition to return, Provision soon came from Columbo. Thus ended this Siege of four Months, the last forty Days whereof, there was scarce any thing to eat. The Portugueses alone obtained this Victory, for all the King's Men deserted. Those were not above Three hundred, some sick and old.

7. What Raju had design'd we now did our selves; for it being difficult and trouble∣some to maintain Cota, it was judged expe∣dient to demolish it, and remove the King to Columbo, where he was no less tormented with the Covetousness of the Portugues Com∣manders, than he had been before with the Tyranny of Raju. This was performed by Iames de Melo, who went to succeed Peter de Ataide in that Command.

8. Three thousand Mogol Horse appear'd •…•…ore the Fort of Damam, where Iohn de Sousa commanded, he sent advice to the Viceroy and the neighbouring Places, and began to fortifie. His greatest Confidence was in the Palisade made of the Plant Le∣obera (that is, Milk) which is not be assault∣ed, because when struck it casts out drops like Milk, (from whence it has the name)

which if they touch the Eyes infallibly blind. Trestan de Mendo•…•…a Commander of Chaul came with Two hundred Men. The Viceroy sent four Ships: They marched out to fight the Enemy, who was encamped three Leagues off, who fled at the first sight, leaving a rich Booty in their Camp.

9. The Bassa of Ba•…•…ora, during the Go∣vernment of the Count de Redondo, desiring the Turks might have a free Trade at Ormuz, had made some overtures of Peace, and the Count thinking it a Matter of too great Concern to be transacted without the great Turks Concurrence, sent Antony Teyxeyra a Gentleman sufficiently qualified Embassador to Constantinople. He entred the Pallace this Year, scattering gold Coin. The Grand Si∣gnior to receive him was seated on the ground sewing Caps, which his Grandees bought at excessive Rates. The Embassador told him, That the Bassa had proposed a Peace to the Viceroy, and a free Trade for the Subjects of the Turkish Empire. The Great Turk, without lifting up his head from stitching, answer'd, I ask Peace of no Body: If the King of Portugal desires it, let him send some Great Man of his Court, and he shall be heard. The Embassador brought a Let∣ter containing this Answer to Portugal, and it was thought fit not to reply to it, because they found the Turk did not speak like a Taylor.

10. D. Ferdinand de Monroy, a Spanish Gen∣tleman, was out with two Ships and four Galliots, to intercept the Fleet bound from

Achem to Meca; he lay in the Chanel of Cardu among the Maldivy Islands. Peter Lo∣pez Rabelo in his Ship met one of those they waited for of great force and value, and af∣ter a long fight they both took Fire, and were entirely consumed. The Captain and some Mores were saved in a Galliot that fol∣lowed him, and Iames Ferreyra de Padilla who commanded it, was very insolent with D. Ferdinand about the Distribution of the Mores. D. Iames Pereyra, who set out after∣wards upon the same design with five Gal∣leons, and six small Vessels, had yet worse Fortune. Being deceived by the Mores▪ at those same Islands he went to wait for the Fleet at the Mouth of the Red Sea: As he returned without doing any thing, a violent Storm that lasted eight days swallowed up two Galleons, whereof his was one; the others were dispersed, and put in where Chance guided them, almost Four hundred Men were lost.

11. At length the War of Cannanor end∣ed, for that King wearied out begged a Peace, which was concluded to our Advantage. The concluding Acts of this War were, the taking several Malabar Vessels by Gouzalo Pereyra Marramaque; the slaughter of many Mores that opposed Emanuel de Brito, who convey∣ed the Ships from Malaca, China, Molucos, Pegu, Bengala, and Coast of Coromandel tra∣ding to India, when he was taking Water at Mount Delii; and several other Rencoun∣ters in which we were successful, except in one, where D. Lope de Moura was killed. I

will conclude with a remarkable Accident. Calisto de Sequeyra a most expert Marksman, dug a hole in the Field, and lying close did not miss a shot; the Enemy a long time could not perceive whence that harm came, till another well skill'd in the same Art among them found it out, and placing himself in the same manner the other had done, they both aimed at one another so exactly, that both fell down dead.

12. Brama King of Pegu being told by A∣strologers he was to marry a Daughter of the King of Columbo, sent to demand her, and he had never a one; but his Chamberlain had one the King esteem'd as his own: They both agreed to put her upon him, as really the King's. And the Chamberlain the more to oblige the King of Pegu, seeking thereby to cast off the Portugues Yoke, feign'd he had that Tooth which was taken at Iafanapatan and burnt at Goa, and would give it in Dow∣ry with the Bride. The Embassadors easily crediting what they desired, took the Bride and the Tooth without acquainting the Por∣tugueses, and sent advice to Brama, who re∣ceived the Wife first, and then the Relick, with the greatest Pomp that ever has yet been heard of. Many Gallies were fitted out, but that which was for the Queen was covered with Plates of Gold, and rowed by beautiful young Women richly clad and brought up to this Exercise, so that they were more ex∣pert then Men. They were of those Wo∣men who there live without Men in separate Quarters by two and two like Man and Wife A new sort of Amazons.

13. The King of Candea understanding the deceit of this Marriage, and envying that great Fortune, acquainted Brama therewith, offer∣ing him a true Daughter and Tooth, and affirming, both that of Columbo and the o∣ther of D. Constantin were Counterfeit, and the true one was in his Hands. If the Daugh∣ter was not more real than the Tooth, he was even with the King of Columbo. Brama considering it was as bad for a Prince to own himself cheated as to be so, gave ear to the Embassadors, but not to their Infor∣mation. The King of Candea missed his aim, and discover'd his ill Affection. Two things are here worthy consideration, the one that the Portugues Commanders, through their Avarice, exposed that important place to evident danger of being lost, had not Brama being undeceived, grown cold; the other, that had D. Constantin sold the Tooth as he was advised, there had not now been two set up to be adored by so many People.

14. The Trade of India was this Year at a very low Ebb, by reason of the Desola∣tion of the Kingdom of Bisnagar, whose Riches are equal to its great extent, which is from the Borders of Bengala to those of Cinde. The Kings of Decan, Nizamaluco, Idalca, and Cutubixa, jealous of that Gran∣dure, entred into a League to suppress it. They took the Field with Fifty thousand Horse, and Three hundred thousand Foot: The King of Bisnagar met them with double that Power, and his Age was double, being Ninety six Years old. He had the better at

first, but Fortune turning to the other side, he lost his Head, and they remained Victo∣rious. They spent five Months in plunder∣ing Bisnagar, and yet they were not the •…•…rst, for the Natives in three days time had carri∣ed away One thousand five hundred and fifty Elephants loaded with Money and Jewels worth above One hundred Millions of Gold, and the Royal Chair for great Days that could not be valued. Notwithstanding all this, Idalxa found a Diamond as big as an ordi∣nary Egg, on which the late King's Horse's Feather used to be fixed; and another, tho' not so large, yet of an extraordinary size, besides other Jewels of incredible value. That Crown was divided between the Sons and Nephews of the deceased.

CHAP. III.

Continues the Government of D. Anton de Noronna, in the Reign of King Se∣bastian.

1. THE beginning of this Year Gonzalo Pereyra Marramaque sailed for Am∣boino * 1.2 with One thousand Men in Twelve Ships, Embassadors from that Island having represented in how great danger those were who had newly receiv'd the Faith. D. Emanuel de Noronna sailed for Banda, and was stabbed by the way by the Purser of his Gally, whom he

had affronted with a Cane. Great Men may command, but not abuse the lesser, for the small have Honour as well as the great. No Man, though never so little, owes any sub∣mission in Point of Honour to the greatest, and in point of Condition he owes no more than he pleases to impose upon himself. Al∣varo Paez de Sotomayor (the War of Cananor being ended) sails for the Coast of Malaba•…•… with twenty Sail: Iames Lopez de Mesquita with three for the Molucos; D. George de Me∣neses Barroche for the Red Sea with four Gal∣leons, one Gally, and four small Vessels; Lisuarte de Aragon for Ceylon with one Ship; D. Leonis Pereyra for Malaca with six; George de Moura for the North with the same num∣ber; D. Francis Mascarennas for Olala to suppress that Queen, who was about to re∣fuse her Tribute; for this use Twenty-seven Ships were allotted, and Iohn Peixot•…•… went before with eight of them.

2. The Viceroy was fitting a good Fleet in order to follow those that were gone be∣fore to Olala, designing to build a Fort at Mangalor, to curb Bucadevi Chantar the Queen. The Fleet consisted of seven Gallies, two Galleons, and five small Vessels, and carried about 3000 fighting Men.

3. The Viceroy anchor'd in the Bay of that City called Mangalor and Olala, seated on the Banks of a River that washes both sides of it not far distant from the Sea, whence was to be seen a Wall wherewith the Queen had fortified her self, within which and the o∣ther Works were Thirteen thousand Men

with sufficient Cannon. The Viceroy divi∣ded his Men into six Battalions, and landed on the 4th of Ianuary. At night the Por∣tugueses sitting to supper, and to play with many lights, and the same security as if they had been at Goa, the Enemy laying hold of the Opportunity sallied in a body of Five hundred, followed by Fifteen hundred, fell upon and put them into such a disorder, they scarce had time to take their Arms. D. Fran∣cis Mascarennas who had the advanced Post, fared worst; and though he fought well, lost several Men, most perhaps killed by our own Fire, for through the darkness and confusion no body knew what they aimed at. D. Luia de Almeyda relieved him with his Men, who all slipped away to nine, that behaved them∣selves with incredible Valour.

4. On the Eve of the Epiphany they gave the Assault, and being as desirous of Revenge as entring the City, soon forc'd their way and fired the Town, at the same time cutting down the Palm-trees. The Queen fled to a Moun∣tain. Of the Enemy Five hundred were slain, about Forty of the Portugueses. The Viceroy immediately laid the Foundations of the Fort, giving it the name of St. Sebastian, because the first stone was laid upon his day, and that day chose in Honour of our King then Reigning. By the middle of March the Work was finished with a Church and other Con∣veniencies. He gave the command of it to his Brother-in-Law Antony Pereyra with 300 Men, and Ammunition for six Months, and returned to Goa. Afterwards in the time of

D. Luis de Ataides Government, the Queen sued for a Peace, and purchased it by a new imposition of Tribute, and a summ of ready Money.

5. The King of Achem had now entred into a League with many Princes of the East, and the Turk, who desired to get footing in India, not doubting with this united Power of carrying Malaca: He Imbarqued with his Wife and Children as if he had gone to take Possession of, rather than to Besiege that City. On a sudden he appear'd before it with 450 Sail, 200 Brass Cannons, and 20000 Men. D. Leonis Pereyra was at that time on the Shore celebrating the Birth-day of King Se∣bastian, with a certain Exercise used among Portugueses on Horseback, and perceiving some of the Company were surprized at the sight of the Fleet, he ordered the Sport to continue, drawing down nearer to the Shore, that the Enemy might not imagin they could disturb his Pastime.

6. Afterwards he gave the necessary Or∣ders, and making a review, found he had Fifteen hundred Men, whereof only Two hundred were Portugueses. The King of A∣chem began with Complements, and shews of desiring accommodation, but all tended only to discover what was the Condition of the Town. D. Leonis who understood him was wary, and carried it on with dissimulation. At length the King perceiving no artifice succeeded, and that he advanc'd but slowly, resolved to put the whole Event upon on•…•… furious Assault. After the Discharge of th•…•…

Cannon, above two hundred scaling Ladders were laid to the Wall with great Shouts on both sides. D. Leonis had also distributed his Men in their several Posts. The Priests had undertaken to defend one, but no sooner did the Enemy attack, than they fled to the Church.

7. In the heat of the Action a Party of ours sallies out upon the Enemies Works, making a great slaughter; among the rest was killed the King of Aru. Our Men re∣tired with one Cannon, and loaded with Musquets, Cimiters, and Heads of all sorts of People that compos'd that Army, having lost but one Portugues and six Malayes. The Enemy encourag'd by the King who looked on, mounted our Works, and were as soon thrown down by the Defendants. The King in a rage stamp'd and blasphem'd, and seeing three days furious Assault had not gained a foot of Ground, he utterly despair'd of Suc∣cess; therefore with great Secrecy Shipping off all his Army and Train, except Four thousand Men that were killed, he set sail, firing the Ships that were to spare by the loss of those Men. This great Success cost us but three Portugueses.

8. The Commander, D. Leonis, bestow'd not only Praises, but Money and Jewels on all that had signaliz'd themselves, to the va∣lue of 15000 Crowns. The Viceroy re∣ceiving advice of the danger the City was in, sent to its relief Iohn de Silva Pereyra with Men and Ammunition in seven Ships, but he came when the Siege was raised. So the

King of Ujantana our Neighbour with sixty Sail, who visited our Captain in the Fort, and was received with Royal Magnificence, rejoycing at our Success not without trouble that he had no share in it.

9. The Viceroy offended at the Insolence of the Natives of the Island Salsete, who per∣secuted the new converted Christians, fitted out a Fleet against them without letting his design be known. When those of Sal•…•…te least thought of it, he fell upon them, and destroyed 200 of their Idolatrous Temples. Because we have sometimes mentioned this Island, without speaking of an ancient and wonderful Structure that is in it, it will not be amiss to say something of it here.

10. In this Island is a high Mountain, wind∣ing about which are 3000 Cells with each of them a Cistern all cut out of the solid Rock. Under the same Mountain is a way cut through the same Rock, with such Cells on the sides, which is said to go as far as Cambaya, which, if so, must run under the Sea. F. Antony de Porto, a Franciscan, re∣solving to enquire into this Secret, got Com∣pany, Provision, Torches, and great quan∣tity of strong Packthread, and fastning an end at the Mouth of the way, travelled seven days through it. Then finding no end, and the Provision growing short, he returned by the help of the Thread, having as he be∣lieved travelled fifty Leagues to his great admiration, but not satisfied. The Gentils said, this was the Work of Bimilamansa, who 〈◊〉〈◊〉 300 Years before was King of all that is

between Bengala and the Mogol's Country. Formerly a Learned Man of those Parts af∣firm'd, this and some others were the Works of the holy Prince Iosaphat.

11. The Affairs of the Molucos were not at all successful. We left Gon•…•…alo Pereyra Marramaque on his Voyage to Amboyna, he joined with the Kings of Bacham and 〈◊〉〈◊〉, set out for the Island Cebu, where some Spa∣niards had settled under the Command of Michael Lopez de Lagaspa à Biscainer, and a Man so valiant and subtle, that he amuzed our Captain, till he got together his Men that were dispersed, and then expelled him the Island with shame, for that if attacked at first, the Spaniard had been utterly defeat∣ed. To add to this Misfortune, he lost al∣most Three hundred Men by a Sickness natu∣ral to that Country.

12. Hence he passed to Amboina or Ito, for it is called by both Names, a most beau∣tiful and pleasant Island, abounding in Fish, Flesh, and Fruit of all sorts and delicious taste. It is inhabited by two sorts of people, the Ulimas, who are native Mahometans, and have three Towns; the Ulensivas are Hea∣thens, and have four. Our Captain found the Natives assisted by Six hundred of the Islanders of Iava, and well fortified under the Command of Gemiro Governour of those Islands. He attacked them with such peril, and was so vigorously opposed, he seemed rather to fight for Life than Victory.

13. At length the Portugueses prevailing, were in danger of being overcome by their

great Disorder in plundering. The Captain rectified all by firing the Booty, and many of the Men were scorched, whose Covetous∣ness overcame the fear of the Flames. The Enemy retired to a Mountain, and there compounded only for Life, laying down their Arms. But the People of Amboina having been the first among those Islands who ad∣mitted the Portugueses offering Subjection to our Crown, Lands, and leave to erect a Pillar in their Metropolis with the Royal Arms of Portugal, and finally embracing our Religion, and contracting Marriages with us, it will be convenient to look a little back in order to proceed in the relation of these Affairs, and particularly of one wonderful Passage, that may serve as an Example to such as pretend to Plant Colonies.

CHAP. IV.

The End of the Government of the Viceroy D. Anton. de Noronna.

1. THEY who know with what kindness the People of Amboina at first re∣ceived us, will be earnest to understand the Cause why now they are become our mortal Enemies. The worst is, they had so just a Cause, which was thus. The People of Curon (I suppose this should be Ceram) became im∣placable Enemies to those of Amboina, on

no other account but that they received the Portugueses, admitted their Religion, and con∣tracted Marriages with them. Hereupon they resolved to expel not only the Portugueses, but even the Natives out of the Island, accord∣ingly on a sudden came uponthem with a great Power. Those of Amboina had been ruin'd, but that the Portugues stood by them, and to be short, utterly defeated their Enemies.

2. The People of Amboina, to shew their Gratitude to those who had defended them, invited them to a splendid Entertainment. The Wives of those who made the Feast came abroad to see the Portugueses enter∣tain'd. One of these (doubtless he was drunk) was so charmed with the Beauty of one of those Women, or so blinded with Lust, that leaping suddenly from his Seat he catched her in his Arms with such insolence, after being three times admonished without de∣sisting, that if Genulius, a Man of great Au∣thority, had not interposed, the Portugueses had there been all cut to pieces. And well they had deserved it; for it appears they did not hinder or obstruct so insolent and publick a lustful Extravagancy, which open∣ly in the sight of the World, durst force a Hand to those Parts, which even with con∣sent are not touched but in private, and with∣out Witnesses.

3. Those People burned with the desire of Revenge for the affront they had receiv'd, and look'd upon as most hainous. Nor could Genulius appease them, but by expelling the impudent Guests, which he desir'd as much

as any, looking upon himself equally con∣cerned in that Injury: and knowing it was a new offence every time the injured saw him that gave the wrong; he therefore reproach∣ing them with the hainousness of the Crime, and shewing how greatly they were favour'd in having their Lives spared, ordered them instantly to depart the Island, and never more presume to set their feet upon it.

4. The People overturning the Tables with furious Countenances, gave them to understand they would by force execute what Genulius had directed, if the Portugueses doubted doing of it by fair means. There was nothing to do but submit, so they went away to their Ships full of shame; their ge∣neral Confusion paying for the Impudence of one in which all had a share, because none reproved it.

5. Scarce had the Portugueses left the Shore, when those of Amboina prescribed the same Laws to the People of Atire and Tavire, that the Curons, or Cerams, had done to them before. That was, they threatned them with War if they received the Portu∣gueses into their Ports: But those People answer'd, That they were Christians, and as such would admit to their Ports and Houses the Portugueses, though it were with hazard of their Lives.

6. They of Amboina were so irritated with this Answer, that falling suddenly upon them, they routed and put to the Sword most of the Inhabitants of those two Places, bringing under their Subjection those Towns

that had submitted to the Crown of Portugal; such as refused were reduced by Fire, and Sword, and Slavery. They were not con∣tent to put to Death those who were con∣stant in the Faith, unless they did it with barbarous and cruel Tortures. One may serve as an Example of all their other Bar∣barities.

7. A little King of Elate was taken, who because he would not renounce the Christian Faith, was tied to a Stake, and Pans of Fire being set before him, they cut off pieces of his Flesh, broi•…•…ed and eat it in his sight: Some they made him eat, and asked whe∣ther he liked it? He with much patience answer'd he did, and was pleased to do that for Christ, who had suffer'd for him: That if after he was dead, they would put a piece of his Flesh into a new Pot, within twenty four hours they would find it converted into Oil, in testimony of the Truth of the Christian Doctrine, and, in fine, that the Portugueses would revenge his Death.

8. They continued the Torments till he died, and then to try what he had said, put a piece of his Flesh into a new Pot covering it, and the Twenty four hours being ex∣pired found it full of most sweet Oil. They were astonished, but did not repent; and soon after the Prophecy was fulfilled by their Ruine.

9. Gonçalo Pereyra (as was before said) coming thither defeated them and their Suc∣cors they had from Iava and other Places,

and reduced them, notwithstanding they for∣tified themselves in the Mountains. In this Action five Portugueses were lost, and Pereyra left D. Duartes de Meneses to command there.

10. At this time Iames Lopez de M•…•…squita, a most wicked Man, commanded at Ternate. Aeyro King of that Island, who had been so unjustly treated by D. Duarte Deça, had al∣ways carried himself respectfully to the Por∣tugueses without any Merit of theirs, but was now at variance, because they killed his Nephew. He began to revenge it, killing three of them, because they refused to do him Justice. This difference was composed by some well meaning Persons, and the King and Mesquita solemnly swore to the Reconciliati∣on. But it being all deceit in the latter, before six days were expired he murder'd the King as he visited him. This was done at parting, he waited on him to the Door, and his Ne∣phew Martin Alfonso Pimentel stabbed him by the Unkle's Order.

11. When this King the last time Em∣braced that false Friendship, he took to witness of his sincerity the Scutcheon of the Portugueses Arms, which represent the Wounds of our Saviour. As he was stabb'd, he laid hold of a Cannon about the place where those same Arms were, saying, Ah Gentlemen, why do you thus kill the best Subject your King my Master has? Neither these words, nor the sacredness of the Place, it being hallowed Ground, asswaged their fury. There they strip'd and cut him in pieces,

which being salted and put into a Chest were cast into the Sea in sight of his Queen and Daughters, who begged only for leave to bury him. Such was then the Portugues Government, that these and other the like Cruelties and Villainies passed unpunished by them. But God did not so, who first with shame deprived them of those Dominions, and afterwards of a Prince of their own. Gui Chil Babu, Son to the deceased, succeed∣ed him in the Crown, and just desire of Re∣venge for such inhuman Oppression. He for∣tified himself, and entred into a League with all the Neighbouring Princes against us, be∣ginning the War with the slaughter of some Portugueses, and persecution of the new con∣verted Christians in all those Islands. But this happened later, we shall see it in its proper place.

12. The Viceroy order'd D. Luis de Al∣meyda in the Spring to Cruize in the Sea of Suratte, to examin what Ships sailed there without our Passes. He had six Ships with him, and was joined by fourteen more, they took three great Ships richly laden, and brought two of them to Damam, one having foundred at Sea. This was the last publick Action of the Viceroy. He embarqued to return home and died in the Voyage. It was ordered in his Will, that his right Arm should be cut off, and preserved, to be bu∣ried with his Unkle D. Nunno Alvarez at Ceuta, and that the Body should be cast into the Sea. It was accordingly performed, and some observed that the cutting off this Arm

was the Execution of the Sentence he had given against himself, when a Relation pre∣vailing upon him to sign an unjust Paper, he said, The hand that signs such a thing de∣serves to be cut off. Such is the force of Af∣fection, it makes a Man do the very thing he abhors.

13. D. Anton. de Noronna was a Man of a good Disposition, Judgment and Inclina∣tion. He was Viceroy the term of four Years the 11th of that number, and twenty-third of the Governours, the first of that Name, and third of the Sirname.

14. During the Government of D. Anton. the Ships that came from Lisbon to India were, in the Year 1565 four, in 1566 four more, and four in 1567.

15. This Year our great Poet Luis de Camo∣ens was at Zofala. Being very poor in India, where he served sixteen Years, Peter Barreto who was going to Command at Zofala pro∣mised him great things, and Camoens find∣ing nothing came of them, after waiting long he resolved to come for Portugal in a Ship that had touched there, in which was He∣ctor de Silveyra and other Gentlemen. Be∣ing about to depart, Peter Barreto who had made those Promises not to prefer him, but divert himself, demanded Two hundred Ducats he said he had spent upon him; and those Gentlemen paid the Money and brought him away. So it may be said, Luis de Camoens his Person, and Barretto his Honour, were at once sold for that Money. He arrived at Lisbon the Year 1569, when

the Plague raged in that City; so that fa∣mous Man always flying one Plague fell into another.

CHAP. V.

The Government of the Viceroy D. Luis de Ataide, Count de Atouguia; from the Year 1568, t•…•… 1571, in the Reign of King Sebastian.

1. To D. Anton. de Noronna succeeded with the same Title of Viceroy D. Luis de Ataide, Count de Atouguia, a Person meritorious of this Government, or of a greater, if ever any greater was committed by a Prince to one single Person. He was the first who carried Orders that a Gentleman should be bare when they spoke to the Go∣vernor, and be seated on a Chair without a Back. He was the first also sent by King Sebastian after he was out of his Minority.

2. With him went five Ships with a great number of Men, and great part of them of Note. He arrived at Goa in October, and was received in the City with a general Satis∣faction of all Men. Though he found the number of Shiping but small yet in few days he set out so many Sail, as caused admira∣tion; and good Squadrons were sent to se∣veral Expeditions.

3. Luis de Melo de Sylva went in February with thirteen Sail to relieve D. Leonis de * 1.3

Pereyra at Malaca, the News of his Success not being yet come to Goa, Alfonso Pereyra de la Cerda sailed towards the North with six in November: And Martin Alfonso de Mi∣randa with thirty six to scour the Coast of Malabar, infested with Pyrats. The Natives were o•…•… with a considerable Strength, and lost five great Vessels, many Men and much Ammunition; but Martin being wounded with a Cannon Ball was carried to Cochin, and died there. D. George de Meneses set out with two Gallies and five small Vessels to seek the Pyrate Canatale, whom he found not; but discovering many Vessels in the River Carapatan he made to them, and came up himself with a Gally in which 180 Mores fought so desperately, that none being left alive but a Father and Son, the former killed the latter, and stabbing himself leap'd over-board.

4. Ayrez Tellez de Meneses set out with seven Sail, and D. Paul de Lima Pereyra with eight for the North. In the River Banda near Goa he found four Catures, or Barges of Malabares, who after losing many Men escaped. Then he held on his Voyage, which was to relieve Rostumecan, besieged by the Mogols in Baroche, which place he had Usurped, laying hold of the Confusions of Cambaya, since the Death of the King Badur in the Sea of Diu. Itimican now held that Government in his Hands by great Subtilty and Artifice, having perswaded the Guza∣rates, that a young Man his own Son was the last King's, and therefore he secured that Crown in him for himself.

5. Whilst Ayrez Tellez sailed, D. Peter de Almeyda Commander of Damam went to Su∣ratte, to call to an account Agaluchem Lord of that Town, by the same Title as Rostu∣mecan, for loading two great Ships without the Viceroy's leave, the Ships were taken, and valued above 100000 Duccats. As Al∣meyda had done, Tellez began to play his part, which was to force the Mogols from Baroche. He performed it effectually: But Rostumecan being out of danger, forgot his Promise to the Viceroy, which was to be∣come Tributary to us. So easie it is to make promises in danger, and to break them when delivered.

6. D. Iames de Meneses on the Coast of Malabar did such Execution, that Zamori was not in a condition to relieve Agaluchem, who sent from Zuratte to beg his assistance, being distressed by Nunno Vello Pereyra, who was come from Damam to clear the Bay of Cambaya of Enemies. He burnt two Villages and some Vessels, and brought away many Prisoners. Then with 400 Men he pursued a Body of Mog•…•…ls who were fled to a Moun∣tain (called Parnel) almost impregnable by Art and Nature, and three Leagues distant from Damam. Nunno neither knew the strength of the place, nor number of the Enemies, who were above 800, and so be∣gan to Mount that difficult ascent, whence great Stones were rowled down to hi•…•…der the Passage. But the Souldiers climing upon Hands and Feet, reached the first Intrench∣ment, which after a vigorous opposition

was entred. Then they assaulted the Fort, where both Parties fought desperately. In some places they came so near as to lay hold of one another's Weapons. Antony de Fo•…•…∣seca was lifted up by his Lance which some of the Mogols held, and he never quitted it but laughed. Being afterwards asked what he laughed at, he said, To think the Barbarians believed they could get the Lance out of my hands. At length they let him fall. Nunno Vello see∣ing he strove in vain, retired after losing seven Men, having killed above thirty of the Enemy, and taken much Provision, fifty Horses, some Camels and Oxen, with which he drew off not without danger, being pursu∣ed by 500 of the Enemy, whereof 100 where Horse.

7. He consulted this Affair with Alvar•…•… Perez de Tavora who had the Command of Damam; the result was, that Nunno march∣ed with 100 Portugues and 50 Morish Horse, 650 Foot, half Portugues, half Mores. They went up the Mountain with great Labour, through ways never before trod, carrying three pieces of Cannon. They met with considerable opposition, five Cannon playing upon them from the Fort, and some Horse breaking out of the Woods; so they lost eight Men, six killed and two taken. Three days were spent in climing the Mountain, be∣ing got to the top Nunno planted his Can∣non, and batter'd the Work with such fury, that the Enemy the sixth Night abandoned it. The Fort was razed.

8. The great importance of the impreg∣nable Fort of Azarim, moved the Kings of Coles and Sarcetas to attempt the gaining of it. They entred the Country of Bacaim, in which it is, and after doing great harm, set down before it; but Andrew de Villalob•…•… who commanded there, bravely defended it till the Viceroy sent Relief. Being then Eight hundred strong they fell upon the two Kings, and not only forced them from the Siege, but following into their Countries put all to Fire and Sword, and returned Victori∣ous. The Viceroy now sent out D. Rode∣rick de Sousa with six Ships from Cambaya; Peter Lopez Rabelo and Giles de Goes with two Ships and three Galleons for Aden; D. Iames de Meneses with twelve Gallies and thirty small Vessels for Malabar; Peter de Silva de Meneses with thirteen Sail for Bra∣çalor. Braçalor is a new Fort between Goa and Malabar, upon the Mouth of a River. The Viceroy offended at the King of Tolar designed to possess himself of it, and agreed with him that commanded to betray it. Pe∣ter de Silva going to take possession of it, by the way entred the River Sanguise, which runs through the Lands of Hidalen, where he burnt two Towns and some Vessels. The Commander of Braçalor according to promise delivered up the Fort by Night, and our Men falling upon the Town, killed and took above Two hundred of the Inha∣bitants. The Kings of Tolar and Cambolim came up that Night with 1500 Men, and the next with 5000, in a hot Engagement

they lost many Men, and we five. The place not being judged tenable, was quitted with Honour, bringing away twenty Cannon, and a great quantity of Ammunition and Arms.

9. Mem Lopez Carrasco sailing for Sunda with only one Ship, and only forty fighting Men in it, passed in sight of the Port of A∣chem at such time as that King in person was setting out against Malaca with 20 Gallies, as many Galleons, and 160 other Vessels. Car∣rasco finding it impossible to shun them, resol∣ved to sell his Life as dear as he could. The whole Fleet attacks them, and tears all their Rigging to pieces, Night parted, and Morn∣ing brings them together again, three Gal∣lies board them and are beaten off. The Fight lasted three days; the King having lost forty Vessels and many Men returned into his Harbor. As much of our Ship got to Malaca as was hid by the Water, all that was above being shattered to pieces; and thus for that time was Malaca delivered of that trouble.

10. Miran, a King between the Mogul and Cambaya, design'd to possess himself of the Crown of Cambaya, to which he thought he had the best Title, since it had been usurped from the lawful Heirs upon the Death of Badur. He treated about it with the Vice∣roy, offering him at present a sum of Mony, and afterwards some Towns, if he would assist him in gaining that Kingdom, and ex∣pelling the Tyrant Himican. The Viceroy admits the Proposals, sends an Embassador of his own with the Kings, and makes such

diligent▪ Preparations, that on a sudden the Sea of Goa was covered with 140 Sail. To amuze the Enemy he gave out the Design was against Malabar. Whilst an Answer could come from Miran, the Viceroy, to keep his Men out of Idleness, sailed towards the Rivers of Braçalor and Onor, whose Banks are peopled by Canara's, who at the I•…•…stigation of the Malabars, refused to pay the Acknowledgments due to the Portu∣gueses.

CHAP. VI.

Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Luis de Ataide.

1. WHilst the Viceroy was busie in these Preparations, four Ships from Lisbon arriv'd opportunely at Goa. D. Paul de Lima with one Galleon and six Ships, and Martin Alfonso de Melo Commander of Baçaim meditating Revenge against the Kings of Cole and Sarcetas, got together One hun∣dred and thirty Horse, and Eight hundred Portugues Foot. The Enemy had Four hun∣dred of the former, and Two thousand of the latter, yet were put to flight, and even in the flight cut off Emanuel Pereyra and all his Men. So much is an Enemy to be fear'd even when he flies. The Cities of Darila and Varem were destroyed, and all the Coun∣tries

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about them. D. Paul in his return took two Ships of the Enemy, though forsaken by some of his own Vessels, and those that left him had afterwards the Impudence to boast of the Victory. The Viceroy receiv'd D. Paul with much Honour; and one of those that had forsaken him coming to kiss (as was the Custom) the Viceroy's Cloak, he said to him, Keep off, go kiss your Mother's hand.

2. In November the Viceroy set out of Goa with above One hundred and thirty Sail, some of them were Tenders, and some Merchants: In the fighting Ships were Three thousand Portugueses besides Indians. He entred the River of Onor, and landed Two thousand three hundred Men, not without opposition. The place seem'd impregnable both by Art and Nature, yet our Men with great diffi∣culty beginning to ascend the Hill, notwith∣standing the Bullets that fell from above, soon discovered the People flying out of the City, and the Queen of Guarcopa retiring to the Inland, as despairing the Fort could hold out, though Garrison'd with Five hun∣dred resolute Men, and well stored with Ar∣tillery and Ammunition.

3. The City which was rich and beautiful was first Plundered, and then reduced to Ashes. Our Forces sat down before the Fort, and batter'd it without intermission four days, without the least molestation from a Body of the Natives who came to hinder their Progress: Which the Besieged perceiving, surrendred upon condition to march away

without Arms. The Booty was small, the most considerable part of it Cannon and Ammunition. The next day being St. Ca∣tharines, a place was cleansed to say Mass in. The Command of it was given to George de Moura with Four hundred Men, half of them Portugueses.

4. Here the Ingenier Simon de Ruan fought alone with thirty of the Enemy till he fell as was thought dead, but as they put him into a Shroud a small motion was perceived, and soon after, to the admiration of all Men, he recovered. In this Action we lost twenty Men. Next the Viceroy passed to Bracalor, which is much like the other in strength and situation. The Landing was somewhat more difficult, being obstructed by 11000 Men, but at length Two hundred of them being killed (with the loss of nine on our side) our Men possessed themselves of a Work which much dismay'd the Enemy.

5. Those in the Fort, before the Viceroy could besiege, abandon'd it. Soon after the Kings of Tolar and Cambolim attack the Fort on a very dark Night, but found Peter Lopez Rabelo who commanded it with Two hundred Men so ready to receive them, that they lost Three hundred, killing only five of his, and despairing of any Success, concluded a Peace with the imposition of a greater Tribute than they paid before. The Viceroy had an interview with those two Princes and the Queen of Cambolim, and they parted very good Friends. Above a Month was spent in building a new Fort in a convenient place,

which was the mid-way between the City and the Mouth of the River. The Com∣mand of it was given to Antony Botello, who spilt the first Blood in this Action.

6. The Viceroy was in great care, that he received no answer from Miran. But there is no security in humane Policies. Miran thought to tie the Mogol to his Interest, by marrying his Brother to the Mogol's Sister. But scarce did the Brother, assisted by his Father-in-law the Mogol, see Miran march towards Cambaya, when he enters his King∣dom with a great Power; and Miran having notice hereof, was forced to stay to secure a certainty of his own, rather than to go to a doubtful Purchase. The Viceroy was much concern'd at this News, and having no pre∣sent Imployment for so great a Fleet, divi∣ded it into several Squadrons, and sent them upon different Expeditions. D. Peter de Casto had one to secure the Ships trading to Goa; Ferdinand Tellez, who not not long before had taken some Ships of the Enemy, went with another to the North. Of his Squa∣dron were Ruy Diaz Cabral, and D. Henry de Meneses, who being separated from him, met fifty Sail of Malabars, and rashly fell up∣on them. Ruy Deaz and seventy Men they both commanded were all killed; D. Henry from among the dead was carried into slave∣ry, and after ransom'd. D. Emanuel Pereyra and Iohn de Silva Barreto came too late to prevent this Misfortune, but not to put the Enemy to flight after receiving and doing much harm.

7. The Viceroy resented this loss not so much for its greatness, as because it was the first time Fortune had frowned on him. He went to Mangalor, twelve Leagues to the Southward, to appease some Disturbance that lessened the King's Revenue, and was prejudicial to Trade. This proceeded from the Enmity between the King of Bangu•…•… and Queen of O•…•…la; the Dominion of the latter lies to the South, and that of the o∣ther to the North of that Place. The Viceroy being better received at Mangalor than he expected, had a meeting with those two Princes, and agreed their Differences. In his return to Goa, he left with Antony Botello Commander of Braçalor for the Secu∣rity of that Place, six hundred fresh Men; and Antony Cabrall at Sea with three Vessels well provided. At Onor he added to George de Moura Five hundred Men, and left on that Sea Francis and Rocque de Miranda, Brothers, with six Ships, who with Fire and Sword destroyed some Towns and Ships, be∣cause they rebelled as soon as the Viceroy had turned his back.

8. At the end of this Year arrived at Goa five Ships from Portugal. The Queen of Guarcopa who was fled to the Mountain, ra∣ther for fear than good Will, came now to an Accommodation.

9. In those Seas were left D. Iames de Me∣neses with Forty two Sail; Luis de Melo de Silva with fifteen; Vincent de Salda•…•…na with eight; D. Iohn Coutinno with Four; and D. Francis de Almeyda with Two Galleons: The first

of these carried Fire and Sword all along the Coast of Malabar, to the Terror of all that Empire. The strong Towns of Coulete, Ti∣•…•…acole, Capocate, Padrarigale, Panane and Calicut felt this fury. Above 1000 Heathens were killed or made Prisoners, above Sixty Vessels taken, and many more sunk and burnt. We lost but four Men in all those Actions.

10. Zamori thought to put a stop to the Ruine of his Country by offering Proposals of Peace, but no Ear was given to them. The Weather effected what that did not, it being no longer practicable to lie upon that Coast. Luis de Melo disappointed the Arti∣fices of the Queen of Guarcopa, who treated of Peace, and prepared for War. He burnt many of her Towns, ravaged the Country and demolished her Fort of Sanguise. Vin∣cent Saldanna in the Sea of Mangalor did his Duty, securing our Ships that traded that way. D. Iohn Coutinno did the same about Cambaya, Cochim and Chaul. D. Francis de Almeyda disabled and put to flight at Diu six Malabar Galliots that attempted the en∣tring that •…•…ort to burn the Ships that were in it.

11. In the beginning of Winter the Vice∣roy fitted out two Squadrons to relieve Onor and Daman, fearing the Mogol design'd a∣gainst the last, and the Queen of Guarcopa against the other. His greatest care was for On•…•…r, hearing the Enemy had attempted to des•…•…roy ou•…•… Men by Treachery, bribing some Ca•…•…raes who were in it, to poison our Men

with the Fruit of the Herb Du•…•…uro, whose quality is such, it makes Men forget all things, and renders them wholly insensible, even of Wounds. The Treachery was dis∣covered, and the Conspirators hanged over the Walls in sight of them that employed them, who then betook themselves to open force, having failed in this private Practice. At that time entred the Port a Galley and three other Vessels with a Body of choice Men for the Relief of the Fort.

12. The Wickedness of the Portugueses in killing the King of Ternate, began to be pu∣nished: That King's Son and Heir had com∣menced his Revenge, as was said before, and now sent his Unkle Calacinco with twelve Gallies to Amboina. He was near taking our Fort, whilst the Commander of it D. Duarte de Meneses was consulting far off with Gonçalo Pereyra about the manner of maintain∣ing it, but Baltasar de Sousa who supplied his place defended it well. Baltasar Vieyra saved it, killing with a Musquet Shot a Caciz of Note, upon whose Death the Enemy with∣drew to the Island Varenula, and had they not retired, they had carried the Fort be∣fore Pereyra and Meneses could come to re∣lieve it.

13. They being come, Pereyra puts to Sea with six Sail. One of them commanded by Lawrence Furtado being hard set by the Ene∣mies Admiral, Furtado leaps into it and kills the old Commander, and the Galley was taken, two other were also taken, and the Enemy fled to other Islands, not thinking

themselves safe at Varenula. Above Nine thousand Men were killed in these Expedi∣tions.

14. Whilst this happened at Amboina, the Fort at Tornate was so close besieged, that our Men wished for Vermin to feed on, ha∣ving eaten all that could be found. The King perceiving the besieged did not treat of a Surrender, joined with the King of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 dore, gave so furious an assault, that he 〈◊〉〈◊〉 twenty Portugueses and entred the Tre•…•…es. The next Night they had as good success. Luis de la Mo defended his Bastion with great Bravery, and Belchior Vieyra for this time delivered the Fort, killing Beneuoa General of Tidore, at which sight his Men fled. Pereyra hearing of this Posture of Affairs, left Sancho de Vasconcelos to command at Amboina, because D. Duarte was dead, and hasted to Ternate with three Vessels that row∣ed, and One hundred Men. At Bacham where the King was our friend, he encreased to fourteen Sail.

15. The Confederate Kings set out to meet Pereyra with fifty Coracoraes, which are great Gallies. Pereyra receives them, and they fought with much bravery: The King of Tidore attacks our Admiral Galley, but being almost killed, drew back with his Gal∣ley quite disabled. The Enemy gave way, and Pereyra came to the Fort, and brought fresh vigor with that Success. But those of Ternate were so intent upon Revenge, that they continued the Siege five Years, and our Men were forced to abandon the Fort.

The King of Tidore received those that would stay with him, the rest dispersed into several Countries. We shall see in time how they were expelled Tidore: And it is rather a won∣der they continued there so long, being guil∣ty of such Villainies, than that they were at last drove away. But great Storms threaten India now, and our Viceroy is preparing to meet them.

CHAP. VII.

The dangerous Sieges of Goa and Chaul; and first of the foremost, continuing the Government of D. Luis de Ataide, and Reign of King Sebastian.

1. ALL humane Grandure is subject to Envy. The Princes of Asia seeing * 1.4 the vast increase of the Portugues Power, re∣solved to give it one fatal Blow; and to this purpose entred into a League, which was five Years in forming and concluding, and carri∣ed on with wonderful secrecy.

2. These Princes were Hidalcan Alecdaxa, Nizamaluco Xaoxem, and Zamori. Their Design to extirpate the Portugueses in India. To this effect they raised powerful Armies, and made so sure of the success, that they had before hand divided their imagined Con∣quests. The first was to have Goa, Onor, and Braçalor; the second, Chaul, Damam,

and Baçaim; and the third, Cananor, Man∣galor, Cochim, and Chale. Hidalcan had as∣signed his principal Men Offices at Goa, and some Portugues Women that were cried up for Beauties. The King of Achem was at the same time to make an attempt upon Ma∣laca. In fine, those Princes broke out like impetuous Torrents, covering the Fields with multitudes o•…•… Men. Hidalcan marched to besiege Goa, Nizamaluco to Chaul, with∣out any respect to the Peace which had been no way infringed.

3. The Viceroy upon this occasion shew'd an undaunted Spirit. It was generally agreed Chaul should be abandoned, for the greater security of Goa, but the Viceroy resolved the Enemy should have nothing but what was dearly bought. He immediately sent D. Francis Mascarennas with 600 Men in four Gallies and five small Vessels to the Relief of Chaul. Among these went many Gentlemen of Note, to serve as private Souldiers. They set out about the end of September.

4. Next the Viceroy applied himself to provide for the defence of Goa. He posted Ferdinand de Sousa de Castellobrance, an old Souldier in Asia, in the Pass of Benastarim with 120 Men; D. Paul de Lima at Rachol with 60, and thus in other places he distri∣buted 1500 Natives of the Island. There were not compleat 700 Portugueses in it, these he reserved to relieve where ever the greatest danger threatned. The City he put into the Hands of the Dominicans, Fran∣ciscans and Clergy, who exceeded not 300,

assisted by 1000 Slaves. Captain Iohn de Sousa with 50 Horse was to be ready to ap∣pear where-ever there was occasion. D. George de Meneses, •…•…rnamed Barroche was to keep the River with 25 Sail. At the same time the Viceroy caused Ammunition and Provisions to be brought from all Parts, the Works to be repaired, and about the mid∣dle of December he took his Post upon the Bank of the River.

No sooner was he there, than several Bo∣dies of Men appeared coming down the Mountain Gate, and encamping at Ponda, commanded by Norican, Hidalcan's General. About the end of December he advanced, and encamped over-against the Pass of Benasta∣rim, pitching his Master's Tents, who spent eight days in coming down the Mountain by reason of the greatness of his Army. At night he lighted so many Fires to dis∣cover the Paths of the Mountain, that at a great distance the multitude of his men could be seen. Being come to Ponda he covered those vast Plains with rich and costly Tents.

6. This Army consisted of 100000 fight∣ing Men, besides an infinite number of Fol∣lowers; 35000 Horse; 2140 warlike Ele∣phants; 350 pieces of Cannon, most of an extraordinary bigness, and some great Barques brought upon Mules, to be lanched for all occa∣sions upon the River. The chief Commanders of this multitude were, Norican called Hener Maluco, of such quality, that he never ap∣peared with his Prince but in the Field; Rumercan and Cogercan, who for their qua∣lity

had distant Quarters on the edge of the Water. The Army encamped in such man∣ner, it looked rather like a regular City than a Camp. Their order of Battle was thus: Hidalcan at Ponda with 4000 Horse, 6000 Musqueteers, 300 Elephants, 220 Can∣nons; Cogercan, Rumercan, and Mortazacan near the Mouth of the Channel Ganja with 3000 Horse, 130 Elephants; and nine Cannons. Norican opposite to the Island of Iohn Lopez with 7000 Horse, 180 Elephants, and eight great Cannons. Camilcan and Delirracan facing the Pass of Benastarim with 9000 Horse, 200 Elephants, and 32 batter∣ing Pieces. Solyman Aga on a height above Benastarim with 1500 Horse, and two Field Pieces. Anjozcan opposite to the Island of Iohn Bang•…•…l with 2500 Horse, 50 Elephants, and six Cannons. Xatiarviatan in sight of Sapal with 1500 Horse, 6 Elephants, and 6 Cannons. Danlatecan, Xatiatimanaique, Chitican, and Codemenacan facing the Pass of Agaçaim with 9000 Horse, 200 Elephants, and 26 Cannons. The rest of the Army covered the Mountains capable to strike a Terror into the boldest Spirits.

7. The Viceroy viewed all the Posts, of∣fering his Person to the greatest danger. The ranging of the Enemies Army caused him to alter his first method, being now reinforced with some men come from several Parts, he posted his men thus: The dry Pass which he had designed for himself, he committed to D. Peter de Almeyda, and D. George Deça with 120 men, and went him∣self

to that of Benastarim, where Ferdinand de Sousa de Castellobranco was with the like number, taking to himself the Command of one of the lesser Posts there, rather than remove that Officer. D. Michael de Castro not far from Madre de Dios with 150; Iames Barradas on the point of the dry Pass with 60; D. Peter de Castro towards Benastarim with 120 maintained at his own Charge; Iames de Azambuja hard-by with 50; Fran∣cis Pereyra a little farther with 20; Vincent Diaz Villalobos at Sapal with 60; next Gaspar Fernandez with 50; then D. Luis de Almey∣da, D. Ferdinand Monroy, and D. Martin de Castellobranco with each 60; Francis Marquez Botello with 50; Alvaro Mendoça between the Viceroy and Pass of Mercantor with 10; a little farther Simon de Mendoça with 120; Emanuel Rolim at St. Iohns Pass with 100; In the Pass of Marque the City placed 80; Iohn de Sousa with his 50 Horse went from Agacaim to the Bar, to receive and execute his Orders; Baltasar Lobo de Sousa at Pard•…•… with 50; Peter Alvarez de Faria near him with 80; Vasco Perez de Faria at Necra with a Company; Damian de Sousa at Bachol with the like Body; and Francis de Silveyra at Norva with 30.

8. Several Vessels with small Guns were to run along the River to relieve all these Posts. Thus the number of the Viceroy's Men was not above 1600, and he had but 30 Cannons in all those Posts. This was the force we had to oppose that great Power, the like was at Chaul.

9. For Nizamaluco set down before it at the same time, as Hidalcan did before Goa. They two being suspitious of each other, kept time in their Preparations, Setting out and Marches. But that we may not con∣found the Actions by mixing them, we will first relate those at Goa, and then proceed to Chaul. The Cannon began to play, the flashes whereof enlightned the Night and the smoak darkned the day. The Enemy spent their first Fury on the Fort and Works of Benastarim, and did great harm, but could not perceive it; for whatever they ruined by day was repaired by night. They pour∣ed in showers of Bullets, for only in Alvaro de Mendoça his Post 600 were found, some of them of two Spans diameter; we could not answer with the like number, but could see we did great execution. And our Vessels sailing nimbly about, plied their small Guns with good effect. Ferdinand de Sousa de Ca∣stellobranco one night by the help of a great number of Torches that went before spied an Officer of the Enemies crosing, a height opposite to him with young Women a dan∣cing before, Sousa desirous to untune their harmony, caused a Cannon to be so luckily levelled at them, that the Officer, some of those that lighted, and two couple of the young Women were seen to fly into the Air.

10. This was the time for the return-Ships to sail for Portugal, and every Body advised the Viceroy to stop them, because they would carry 400 Men that might be a great help in the present distress. But the Viceroy am∣bitious

of making his Glory the greater, by conquering the greater difficulties, answer'd, There was want of them in Portugal, and he trusted those that remained were sufficient for the work he had in hand. So the Ships set sail.

11. Hitherto the Portugueses did much more harm than they received, having killed many of the Enemy, and among them some of Note, and lost no number nor any person considerable, only some were dangerously wounded. D. Francis de Sylva being wound∣ed with a Cannon Ball so that his Guts hung out, continued encouraging his Men holding them up with his hand. Peter Homem de Silva losing much Blood at three Musket Shots he had received, and being perswaded to go off, said, It could be no matter of moment since he felt it not. Our Vessels did good Service; and the Enemies were not idle, carrying their men from one place to another. Our men had the boldness often to land and attack the Enemy in their Posts, and still brought away Prisoners, the heads of those they killed, Colours and Arms. D. George de Meneses Barroche in his Vessels, and D. Peter de Castro by Land with 200 Por∣tugueses made such a slaughter, that the Vice∣roy to animate the City, and show them what was done abroad, sent them two Carts loaded with Heads. Gaspar Diaz and his Brother Lancelot running up the Country one night a League and half with 80 men, burnt two Villages and many Farm Houses, and brought away many Prisoners, heads of the •…•…in, and of Cattle.

12 Another time these two Brothers with 130 men, attack the Quarters of Cogergan and Rumergan, and making a great havock, destroyed all they had provided in order to pass over into the Island of Iohn Lopez. In this Action Francis de Cunna Coutino, Ser∣vant to the Viceroy, going alone before the rest, came so close up to 500 Mores, that he threw two Granadoes among them, which did some execution, and retired without hurt. The Enemy admired the smallness of our number, and greatness of our Actions; but was more surprized when he heard, that in the heat of all this fury, the Viceroy had order'd D. Iames de Meneses who came from the Coast of Malabar with his Squadron, to return thither; and D. Ferdinand de Vascon∣celos to go with four Gallies and two small Vessels to destroy the City Dabul, to show Hidalcan, whose it was, how little account he made of all his Power. D. Ferdinand burnt there two great Ships of Meca, and many small Vessels; then landing fired some Villages, and had done the same to the City, had not his own Captains opposed it.

13. He returned to Goa, and attacking the Quarters of Angoscan, a principal Man among the Enemy, three Miles distant from the Viceroy, entred them with great slaugh∣ter. But his Men with the success falling into Disorder, the Enemy rallied and fell upon them, killing some, the rest fled leaving their Captain, who, weakned with loss of Blood, and tired with the weight of his Arms, could not get into a Boat, but fought

in the Water till he fell down dead. His Ensign Augustin Fernandez died honourably with his Colours in the left hand, which he bravely defended with the right. Forty were killed, their Heads with the Colours were carried to Hidalcan. The Viceroy immediately sent Barroche with 100 Men more to burn D. Ferdinand's Vessel taken by the Enemy, which he performed, bringing away the Cannon that was left in it by the Enemy, believing no Body durst come where it lay.

CHAP. VIII.

Continues the Siege of Goa, and Government of D. Luis de Ataide.

1. AT this time Zamori made Proposals of Peace to the Viceroy, either to amuse him while he went upon other designs pursuant to the Articles of the League, or else hoping to gain some advantage in that pressing Conjuncture. The Viceroy gave him to understand he would not yield the least point for fear, and continued firm in this resolution, notwithstanding Hidalcan had prevailed with the Queen of Guarcopa to declare War at Onor: That Prince was astonished to see him send relief thither, when he thought there was not force to supply Goa. The Viceroy at this time also

relieved Marramaque at the Malucos, and Francis Barreto at Mocambique.

2. The grand design of Hidalcan was to get over into the Island, in order to it his General Norican began to lay a Bridge over the River with a vast number of Workmen. The Viceroy falling upon them made a great havock. There was a Report that Hidalcan designed to pass over to the Island in Person, and carnestly desired a fine Horse the Vice∣roy had, for which he had before offered a great Sum of Mony. The Viceroy sent it him for a present, assuring nothing should be more pleasing than to see him come over to Goa. Hidalcan accepted of the Horse, and caused him to lie upon silk Quilts under Canopies of Cloath of Gold, to be covered with embroidered Dammask, and his Trap∣pings to be adorned with massy Gold, and his Provender was mixed with Preserves and other Dainties. The Horse enjoyed it not long, being killed by a Cannon-Ball. At this time such a violent Storm of Rain fell, that most Posts were abandoned; the Vice∣roy desired to take a Standard that was left in one; a French Gunner with only one Man went over in a Boat to fetch it, and were both killed.

3. It was now the beginning of March, and the Siege had lasted two Months, with∣out abating any thing of the Fury. Many of our Buildings were ruined by the Enemies Cannon, many of them killed by ours. An∣tony Cabral run up the River Chapora with four Vessels, and landing fifty Men, burnt four

Villages, and above fifty Sail, bringing away some Booty. D. Paul de Lima with forty Men did as much at Rachol. The Viceroy laying hold of a Rope at the Pass of Bena∣starim to draw a Cannon, others refusing for fear of the many Bullets that flew, one hit him upon the Arm, and only pierced the sleeve without doing him any harm. After∣wards being in the Church of Santiago, the Roof of it was beat down and hung over his head, Emanuel de Sousa Coutinno stepped up to save him, by receiving the Blow, but he acknowledging the Kindness reproved the Action.

4. The Viceroy used all possible means to have Intelligence from the Enemies Camp. He bribed some Renagado Portugueses that served there, but what is more, he corrupt∣ed Hidalcan's most beloved Wife, and by her means knew the King's secret Thoughts, which he could not conceal from her.

5. Hidalcan now began to consider the damage done by so few Men to so nume∣rous an Army, that now the Portugueses in∣creased in strength by the arrival of several Squadrons that had been abroad, among which Iames de Meneses returned victorious from Achem, and Luis de Melo de Silva from Malabar. He desired Peace, but was loath to propose it. The Viceroy who knew his Thoughts ordered it so, that a Treaty was in a manner set on foot, so that no body could discern who was the Author of it. Yet at length Hidalcan stooped to make the first Proposals. But still the Siege was carried

on, and April was began. Seven hundred Mores attack a Pass, Two hundred Portu∣gueses at first opposed them, but seeing they were relieved, fled in such Disorder, that neither their Officers nor the Viceroy could rally them. Their two Captains were kill∣ed.

6. The Action of D. Iames de Meneses relating to Zamori, shall be referred to the Chapter of Chaul; that of Luis de Melo is fit for this place. He set out with Fourteen Sail in search of the Fleet of Achem, and met it near that Port; it consisted of Sixty Sail well Manned and provided with Can∣non, commanded by the King's Son and Heir. Melo and he met first, and our first Shot killed him and several of his Men. The Fleets met and fought resolutely on both sides; but the Enemy was utterly destroyed, three Galleys and six small Vessels taken, all the rest sunk but one. We lost not one Man; of the Enemy Twelve hundred were killed, and Three hundred made Prisoners. Melo returned to Malaca with the Vessels and Cannon he had taken, and thence sent some Men to the Malucos, and came to Goa with Fifteen hundred, and Vasco Lorenço de Barbuda whom he found at Cochim prepa∣ring to bring some Relief.

7. These Commanders being come to Goa, took their Posts. Meneses executing his Office of Admiral was carried off wounded, at such time as Three thousand of the Ene∣my began to enter the Island of Iohn Lopez. Antony Fernandez de Cale with One hundred

and twenty Men met and put them to flight, killing a great number.

8. During this time, before Winter came on, several Attempts were made upon the Enemies Quarters and Inroads into the Country always with success. One Night One hundred and fifty Men beat the Enemy out of a Post at Benastarim and after another at Angoscan, ruining all the Works they had raised. They did the same at Xatiar•…•…ao, Chatigan and Rachol, burning Villages demo∣lishing the Works, and killing very many.

9. Hidalcan, though almost in despair, began to plant Gardens, and other Works, as if he designed either to take Goa, or live in that Field: He resolved to enter the Island with Nine thousand Men at the Pass of Mercantor, which was not guarded, be∣cause the River is wide there. Our Men hearing a Drum, which never beats but when that Prince marches in Person, run thither, and saw him on the other side en∣couraging his. Advice being brought to the Viceroy, he sent several Parties and follow∣ed himself. In spight of all opposition Five thousand Men got over under the Command of the Turk Soliman Aga, Captain of the Guard. Fresh Men still flocked to the Vice∣roy, till he was Two thousand strong. All the Posts which extended two Leagues were in Action.

10. All the Thirteenth of April, from Morning till Night the attack lasted, and from the next Morning till the Day follow∣ing. Hidalcan all the while looking on,

cursing his Prophet Mahomet, and throwing his Turbant on the Ground. Of the Por∣tugueses scarce Twenty were killed, of the Enemy almost Four thousand, and among them Soliman Aga; Hidalcan's Brother-in-Law, and other Persons of Note, some Co∣lours, and Plunder were taken.

11. F. George de St. Lucia a Dominican and Bishop of Malaca, foretold this Success to the Viceroy. Hidalcan raged, and in publick vowed not to stir thence, but in private wished a conclusion, but used not the means. He proposed a Pence, and despair∣ed of concluding it upon the Terms he of∣fered; one of them was the Surrender of Goa, as if the Portugueses had all this while tought for any thing but to keep it. Our Viceroy treated with Norican about killing the King, offering him either the Crown of great Power in the Government. Norican admits the Proposals, and as the blow was ready to be given, the Treachery was disco∣vered, he secured, and so the other Conspi∣rators desisted. This was about the end of April.

12. The treaty of Peace failing, the Siege went on, but not with the vigour as before. The Enemies Cannon ruined our Buildings, ours their Men, and Parties of ours burnt all the Country. Sebastian de Resende with only four Men attempts a Post of the Ene∣mies, and killing some, would have brought away one alive, but he making much oppo∣sition, Resende was forc'd to kill him. Lan∣celot Picardo and others with forty Men did

great execution. Antony Fernandez with thirty falling upon Rumercan's Quarters where there was eighty, killed eighteen, and retired without any damage received. The Viceroy leaning one day on a Page, a Ball took away his Prop. Being at rest one night he heared a great Noise, and instant∣ly came abroad, and a Bullet hitting him on the Breast, fell at his feet without doing the least hurt.

13. Hidalcan to divide and weaken the Viceroy, again perswades the Queen of Guarcopa to attack Onor. She consents, and joining Three thousand Men of her own to Two thousand sent by him, besieges the Fort. It was the middle of Iuly, the dead of Winter there, when the Viceroy received Advice thereof. He sent instantly Antony Fernandez de Chale with two Galleys and eight Vessels, and what Men they could con∣tain: Antony in five days enters that Port, and joining with George de Moura command∣ing there, falls upon the Enemy and puts them to flight, killing many, and bringing all the Cannon into the Fort. About this time Zamori broke out in another place, but that requires a particular Chapter.

14. The Viceroy underhand endeavoured to stir up other Princes to invade Hidalcan's Dominions, by that means to draw him from the Siege. Both endeavoured to hide their desire of Peace. Hidalcan made appear as if he resolved not to stir, and the Vice∣roy as if he valued not his lying there. In fine, the whole Winter was spent, and to∣wards

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the end of August, when Summer be∣gins, and the Enemy might better keep the Field, the number of Tents was seen to decrease, then the Men, and lastly the Can∣non vanished, without coming to any ac∣commodation, after a Siege of ten Months, wherein the Enemy lost Twelve thousand Men, Three hundred Elephants, Four thou∣sand Horses, and Six thousand Oxen, part by the Sword, and part by the Weather. Thus Goa was suddenly delivered. Let us now see what was done at Chaul by Nizama∣luco, the second Chief of this League.

CHAP. IX.

The Siege of Chaul.

1. NIzamaluco keeping time with Hidal∣can, set down before Chaul at the same time the other did before Goa. His General Faretecan invested the place with Eight thousand Horse and Twenty thousand Foot; and on the last day of November the Enemy broke ground with a horrid noise of warlike Instruments.

2. Luis Ferreyra de Andrade, a Man well deserving such a Post, commanded at Chaul, and laboured long under great Wants of all Necessaries, supplying those Defects with his and his Men's Valour, till D. Francis Mas∣carennas came to his assistance with Six hun∣dred

Men in four Gallies and five small Vessels, and some Barques loaded with Am∣munition and Provision.

3. The Fort of Chaul is seated in about 18 deg. of N. Lat. on the Bank of a River, not twelve Miles from the Mouth of it. There were in it but fifty Horse, and a small number of Foot. The first bold Action done here was by Sebastian Gonzales de Al∣velos, who passing over a small Creek alone, challenged any of that number of Enemies, and none durst answer him. Then Alexander de Sousa went over with fifteen Horse to discover the Enemy, and stayed so long till 5000 came upon them, among which they killed a considerable Officer. At this time Faretecan was marching down the Mountain Gate with 8000 Horse, a great number of Foot, and twenty Elephants; he sat down before Chaul, and began to plant Cannon.

4. Faretecan desiring to do somewhat be∣fore his Prince came, set the Castles upon the Elephants and tied Syths to their Trunks to give an Assault. All turned to his Loss, for he was repulsed by Sea and Land, and forced to retire as far as the Church de la Madre de Dios, or Mother of God, where his men rallied.

5. Here it is said some Miracles were seen, as that a Bullet hitting a Souldier on the hand, rebounded from it as a Ball struck with a Racket. The fight lasted three hours with great slaughter of Mores, and loss of three Portugueses.

6. The Enemy having lodged themselves about the Town, it was thought convenient to demolish all the Buildings that were any thing distant. Nothing remarkable happened till after December. Some Mores being then gathering Fruit in an Orchard, Nunno Vello went out with five Soldiers, and killing one of them, others came on still till they made up Six thousand, and ours encreased to two hundred; who behaved themselves with such bravery, they drove that multitude, killing One hundred and eighty, with the loss of two.

7. Nizamaluco came before Chaul in the beginning of Ianuary with the rest of his Army, which now together consisted of 34000 Horse, 100000 Foot, 16000 Pioniers, 4000 Smiths, Masons and other Trades of sundry Nations, as Turks, Coraçons, Persians and Ethiopians, 360 Elephants, an infinite number of Bufalos and Oxen, and forty pieces of Cannon most of a prodigious bigness, some carrying Balls of 100, some 200, and even 300 weight, and had Names answer∣able, as Cruel Butcher, Devourer, Orlando Fu∣rioso, and the like. Thus 150000 Men so well provided, planted themselves before a Town that had only a single Wall, a Fort like a House, and a handful of Men. Fare∣tecan lodged himself in the Vicar's House near the Chapel of the Mother of God with 7000 Horse and twenty Elephants. A∣galascan in the House of Iames Lopez with 6000 Horse; Ximirican between that and upper Chaul with 2000, so the City was

beset from Sea to Sea. At the same time 4000 Horse ravaged the Lands of Baçaim. The King took his Quarters at the farther end of the Town; thus the space of two Leagues was covered with Tents.

8. The Portugues•…•…s at first being but few, and the Works inconsiderable, had no par∣ticular Posts, but were wherever the danger threatned. Soon after the News of the dan∣ger of Chaul being spread abroad, many Gentlemen flocked thither with supplies of Men, so that in a little time there were 2000 Men in the Town. It was resolved to maintain the Monastery of St. Francis, and it was committed to Alexander de Sousa. Some Houses were also judged fit to be de∣fended. Nuno Alvarez Pereyra with forty Men had those on the Shore, those between the Misericordia and St. Dominick D. Gonçalo de Meneses, others near Nunno Vello Pereyra, and so in other Places.

9. Mean while it was generally voted at Goa, that Chaul ought to be abandoned, but the Viceroy resolutely opposed, and was seconded by Ferdinand de Sousa de Castello∣branco. He immediately sent thither D. Du∣arte de Lima and Ferdinand Tellez de Meneses with their two Gallies, and some Men in four other Vessels. Let us see what was done at Chaul whilst they are under Sail.

10. Nimirican had promised Nizamaluco he would be the first man should enter the Town, in order thereto he vigorously at∣tacks the Posts of Henry de Betancor and Fer∣dinand Pereyra de Miranda. They bravely

made good their Ground, and being reliev'd repulsed him, killing Three hundred of his Men, seven of ours were lost. The Enemy turn their Cannon upon the Monastery of St. Francis where we had some Pieces, and both sides striving to burst or dismount the op∣posite Guns; the Gunners were so dextrous, that Bullets were seen to meet by the way. On the Eve of St. Sebastian a Party of ours sallied upon some Houses where the Mores had fortified themselves, and killed a great number without losing one Man.

11. Nizamaluco enraged at the last re∣pulse desired Revenge, and that same night attacks the Fort of St. Francis with Five thousand Men. The Mores thought to sur∣prize ours, but were soon undeceived by the Execution done among them. The attack lasted very furious the space of five hours. The Portugueses suspected the Enemy work∣ed under the Wall, and could not see by reason of the darkness, but Christopher Curvo three several times put half his Body out of a Window, with a lighted Torch in one hand, and a Buckler in the other, to dis∣cover what was doing. The noise was very great, and those in the City fearing for those that were assaulted, sent them Relief though with great hazard. The Morning discovered the Fort stuck with Arrows, and under it above Three hundred Mores slain, without the loss of one Portugues.

12. Next day the Enemy repeated the Assault, and continued it five days with great resolution, with as great bravery were

they received by the Portugueses, who often fallying covered the Field with dead Bo∣dies and took several Colours. However it was at last judged expedient to quit that Fort, and withdraw the Men into the City, lest the losing of it should prove more pre∣judicial than the defending it could avail. Seventeen Men were killed in it. One of these being on a high place to give notice when the Enemy fired their Cannon, said to those that were below: If they should now fire Raspadillo (that was a Cannon eighteen Foot long so called) without doubt they would send me all in pieces to sup with Iesus Christ, to whom l commend my self, for the Gun points at me. Scarce had he spoke the words when he was torn in pieces by a Ball from that Cannon.

13. The Mores being possessed of the Fort and Monastery of St. Francis, fired a whole Street, but attempting to gain some Houses lost Four hundred Men. Three of them challenged a like number of ours, who thinking it a disparagement to answer them upon equal terms, only two went out, which were Gomez Freyre and Luis del Valle, who carried a great Hanger. The Mores refused the odds, and one of them with∣drew. Valle with the advantage of the Hanger overcame his Adversary, and then assisted Freyre to kill the other. So both sides might be said to be conquer'd, the Mores losing their Lives, and ours their Honour by taking the Advantage.

14. Chaul being now streightned, Ruy Gon∣çalez de Camara was sent to Goa for Relief; which he brought in two Galleys. At this time appeared here, and before Mangalor, the Malabar-Ships, sent by Zamori, pursuant to the Articles of the Consederacy. But our Method being to relate what each of the Confederates did separately, this shall be re∣ferred to another Chapter. Let us see one of the bravest Actions that has been heard of, performed by Stephen Perestrelo, Com∣mander of the weak Fort of Caranja.

15. It was said, above 5000 of Nizama∣luco's Horse marched into the Lands of Ba∣çaim. They resolved to attempt some of our Garrisons; and being beaten off at Aça∣rim and Damam, went and sate down before Caranja, where Stephen Perestrelo was, with only Forty Men, Caranja is a small, incon∣siderable Work, between Chaul and Damam, on the Edge of the Water, and is, in some measure, an Island, being encompassed by small Brooks. As the Enemy sate down be∣fore it, Emanuel de Melo came with Thirty Men. Being now Seventy strong, Perestrelo falls upon that great Number, with such Success, that after covering the little Island with dead Bodies, the rest fled, leaving their Cannon, and a considerable Quantity of Arms and Ammunition.

16. But to return to Chaul: The Moors furiously batter'd it with Seventy Pieces of large Cannon, for the space of a Month; the least that was spent every Day being 160 Balls. They made great havock among

the Houses, in which many were killed; one single Ball slew six Persons that were eating together; others fell into the Ships, and failed not o•…•… Execution there. This Batte∣ry began against the Bastion of the Cross, and w•…•…s carried on to the Place where Peter Ferreyra and Mem Dornelas were posted, le∣velling all with the Ground. The Besieged worked incessantly to cover themselves; but the Enemy's Gunners were so expert, they mounted their Balls so, that they fell among those that thought they were within Shelter. Augustine Nunez found an Expedient to a∣void this Danger, which, though thought difficult at first, was afterwards their only Security.

17. Our Commander seeing the Battery on the other side of St. Dominick never cea∣sed, thought fit to attack the Enemy's Quar∣ters opposite to it. Alexander de Sousa and Augustine Nunez undertook it with One Hundred and Twenty Men, and, though vi∣gorously opposed, drove the Enemy thence; killing many, and firing the Works.

18. Iohn Alvarez Suarez, an Officer of the Revenue, hearing the Danger of Chaul, fitted out a Vessel at his own Charge, and came thither with some Soldiers; where he behaved himself beyond what was expected of one, whose Business seemed to be only the Pen, though now he converted it to the Sword.

19. Coming now at the time of the At∣tack of those Works, he was one of the first that mounted. Ferdinand Casqueiro hear∣ing

the Moors play at Tables in an House, ran in, and killed two of them, driving the rest from the Sport. The Work was level∣led with the Ground, without any Loss on our Side. Among the Arms taken in this Action, was a Cymiter with this Inscription, IESUS SAVE ME.

CHAP. X.

Continues the Siege of Chaul.

1. THE Enemy attacked some consider∣able Houses, and were repulsed, with Loss of one Man of ours; but we having undermined that of Hector de Sampaio, to blow it up, they ran furiously, and set their Colours upon the Top of it. This incen∣sed our Men, and there followed an obsti∣nate Dispute in the House, till some Fire ac∣cidentally falling into the Powder, it blew up, killing Forty Two of our Soldiers: Some escaped so disfigured, that their own Friends mistaking them for Moors, ran out to kill them.

2. The Moors escaped here unhurt, and set their Colours upon the Ruins of the House, and upon that of Xira, which they took next. Ximirican assaults by Night the Bastion of the Cross, with Six Hundred Men; but Ferdinand Pereyra opposed them with Thirty; and Henry de Betancor second∣ing

him with some others, they beat them off, and took five Colours they had planted upon the Work. Betancor fought with the Left Hand only, having before lost the Right: And Dominick del Al•…•…ma being lame, caused himself to be brought out in a Chair.

3. April was now begun, and the Enemy seemed resolved to continue there all the Winter, and were raising new Works. A∣lexander de S•…•…sa and D. Goncalo de Meneses were appointed to sally upon them. Their Soldiers understanding it, ran out without Orders, to the Number of Two Hundred, and furiously drove the Enemy from their Works, which, their Captains coming up, they ruined. Above Fifty Moors were killed, and some few Portugueses.

4. Nizamaluco perplexed with so many Losses, gives a general Assault with his whole Army, at once attacking all our Pos•…•…s. There was scarce any of our Works that the Moors did not enter, and plant their Colours; and with the same Vigour and Fury were repulsed, and drove out of them. In the Morning above Five Hundred Moors appeared slain, and Four or Five Portugueses. This was the Posture of Affairs, when some Supplies came from Goa, Diu and Bacaim, being above Two Hundred Men, and a suf∣ficient Quantity of Ammunition.

5. Two other Dangers now terrified the Besieged: The on•…•… a troublesome, though not mortal Disea•…•…e; being great Swellings all over their Bodies, which deprived them

of the Use of their Limbs. The other, that Nizamaluco sollicited the King of Sar∣çeta, and some Rebels of Camb•…•…a, to fall upon the Portugueses in other Places; by that means to hinder Relief coming to them. But neither of them gave ear to him. This Prince seeing he must finish alone what •…•…e had undertaken alone, fell to battering 〈◊〉〈◊〉 House of D. Nunno Alvarez Pere•…•…ra, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 continued it for the Time of Forty Two Days. He assaults it wi•…•…h Five Thou•…•… Men: The Defendants at first were but •…•…∣ty; soon after, Twenty more came to their Assistance; and some others also after that. We lost but One Man, and killed above Fifty Moors. One being taken, and brough•…•… to the Captain, told him, above Five Thou∣sand had been killed during the Siege.

6. The House of Nunno Vello was battered and assaulted Thirty Days, with much the same Success; only this Difference, that we lost Ten Men. Only Thirty Soldiers sus∣tained these furious Assaults, till it being judged no longer needful to defend the House, it was agreed to blow it up. The Enemy hastily ran to possess themselves of it, setting up their Colours at such time as part of the Building flew into the Air, do∣ing good Execution though not so much 〈◊〉〈◊〉 was expected. But what this fell short, was made up by another Mine, and by the Va∣lour of D. Francis Mascarennas; who falling upon those that escaped the Mine, put them to the Sword, and came off much hurt. In like manner, the House of Francis de Mel•…•…

was quitted, after they had been defended to Admiration.

7. The Summer was now almost spent: There were thrown into the City above Six Thousand Cannon-Balls, some of a prodi∣gious Bigness; and Nizamal•…•…co was making Preparations to lie there the Winter. A∣bove Two Hundred Portugueses, fear•…•…g the Ruin of the City, had deserted; but in∣stead of them, Three Hundred came from Goa, which put Chaul into somewhat a bet∣ter Posture. On 〈◊〉〈◊〉 11th of April, Ruy Gonçalez de Camara •…•…ell upon Five Hundred Moors, in an Orchard, with such Success, that only Fifty of them escaped. He took Five Colours, and lost only Two Men, but had many wounded.

8. Fortune could not be always favour∣able to the Besieged, sometimes they must meet Disasters. The Moors enraged at that Loss, played their great Cannon incessant∣ly: A Chance-•…•…all from one of them, light∣ing upon one of the Galleys that brought the Relief, sunk her downright, with all that was in her, being •…•…rty Men, and Goods valued at Forty Thousand Ducats. The Moors did not lo•…•… rejoyce a•…•… this Ac∣cident; for Ferdina•…•… •…•…ez fallying the next Day with Four Hundred Men on the Side of St. Francis, obtained anothe•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉, equal to that of Ruy Goncalez, and brought away some Ammunition, Arms, one Piece of Can∣non, and other Booty. Nizamaluco beheld this Action, and mounting on Horse-back, offered to come down in Person, with a

Lance in his Hand; then changing it to a Whip, in a Rage threatned his Men, and upbraided them as Cowards.

9. Our Men were now so accustomed to Danger, nothing could terrifie them; and they seemed to court Death, as if she had not been busie enough about them. Some of our Soldiers being employed, levelling the Enemy's Works we had driven them from about St. Francis, and being more han∣dy at the Sword than Spade, drew upon themselves a great Number of Enemies, whereof they killed above Two Hundred, not without Loss on our Side.

10. D. Iohn de Lima, Francis de Sá, and D. Nunno Alvarez went out to discover some Mines it was thought the Enemy was carry∣ing on. They executed their Command, entring those Quarters, where they put all that were in them to the Sword. In these two Actions we lost Six Private Soldiers, and D. Luis de Gastellobranco, who having lost one Leg, offered the other; D. Iohn de Li∣ma, who seeing a Moor miss several Shots he made at him, stood still till he was killed; performing his Promise made on his Brother D. Duarte's Grave, that he would soon fol∣low him; Anthony de Fonseca, he who hung by his Lance at Parnel, and laughed at the Enemy; Francis Barradas, and Ruy Pereyra de Sa, and Five other Gentlemen of note.

11. After the King had made it appear he designed to continue the Siege all the Winter, and all Things were on both Sides disposed in order thereto, Faretecan made

some Overtures of Peace, but without any visible Commission from his Prince, who caused him to be apprehended, not for act∣ing therein without Orders, for, doubtless, he had private Instructions; but upon suspi∣tion that he was corrupted. It was no won∣der if Nizamaluco desired a Peace, after ly∣ing before a Town Seven Months, without any Success, but losing as many Thousand Men. Nor was it strange the Portugueses should wish it, having already lost above Four Hundred of their own, besides Indians. But the Hopes of Peace being extinguished by the Imprisonment of Faretecan, George Pereyra Coutinno went out with his Ships, and, without any considerable Loss, burnt Three that belonged to Nizamaluco.

12. It was now the Beginning of Iune, and the Attacks and Batteries were carried on with such Vigour, as if they then be∣gan. The first Attempt was upon D. Nun∣no Alvarez his House, which was lost through Carelesness. Yet after it was taken, some Gentlemen attempting to recover it, lost at least Twenty Portugueses, without doing any considerable Execution. Next, the Enemy possessed themselves of the Monastery of St. Dominick, where great Slaughter was made. At D. Gonçalo de Meneses his House it was well fought, but to our great Loss. In all the other Quarters, the Cannon-Balls •…•…lew like Hail. Let us come to the last As∣sault.

13. The Batteries never ceased from the End of May, till the End of Iune; Niza∣maluco

resolving to make a Breach fit for his whole Army to try its Fortune. On the 28th the Elephants appeared loaded with Castles, and the Castles full of Men. A va∣liant Moor, well mounted, walked leisurely before all our Works, within Musquet-shot, and never altered his Pace; notwithstanding above Five Hundred Shot was made at him, and his Horse wounded, he went off un∣hurt. The whole Army expected the Sign to move, but it was not given because our Cannon killed an Officer of Note, which the King took as an ill Omen, and put off the Assault till next Day. Six of our Men ven∣turing out of the Works, drew a great Mul∣titude of the Enemy within reach of our Shot which was so well bestowed, that One Hundred and Eighteen fell down dead, and above Five Hundred were wounded, with out doing us the least hurt.

14. The next Day about Noon the King gave the Signal to fall on; and the whole Body of Men and Elephants advanced with horrible Cries, and Noise of Warlike Instru∣ments. Agalascan attacked Iames Suarez de Albergaria, Iohn de Silva Barreto, Roderick Homen de Silva, and Laurence de Brito, in their Posts. Faretecan and Sujatecan fell on the Quarter of the Misericordia. Misnarr•…•…, Captain of the Guards, on that of Ruy Gon∣çalez. D. Francis, our Commander in Chief, being to relieve where-ever the greatest Dan∣ger pressed, planted himself opposite to the King with part of his Men, having distribu∣ted the rest where there was need.

15. The Day was darken'd with Smoak, at Times lighted with Flames; the Slaugh∣ter and Confusion was great on all Sides. Some of the Enemy's Colours were planted on our Works, but soon taken, or cast down, with those who had boldly set them up. The Elephants, made drunk by the Nayres, that they might be the more fierce, being burnt and wounded, ran madly about the Field. One much valued by the King, being fired in the Flames, ran into the Wa∣ter, and swam over the Bar, where one of our Vessels killed him with a Cannon-Shot. In fine, The Assault ended with the Day, the Portugueses remaining Masters of all their Works, after killing above Three Thousand of the Enemies; among which, one was the Son of Agalascan, and many more of Note.

16. This Action cost us but a few private Soldiers, and Eight Gentlemen. D. Henry de Meneses being lame, having his Legs burnt, caused himself to be carried in a Chair. Laurence de Brito took a Colours. Gonçalo Rodriguez Caldera and Hierome Cur∣v•…•… would not leave their Posts, after receiv∣ing many dangerous Wounds. In fine, All did more than mortal Actions; it would be a Lessening of others to commend some, and we cannot particularize them all.

17. The Moors asked Leave to bury their Dead; which being granted, as they drew them off, they asked the Portugueses, What Woman it was that went before them in the Fight, and whether she was alive? One an∣swered,

Yes; for, doubtless, she was immortal. And they replied, Then certainly, it was the Lady Marian. So they call the Blessed Vir∣gin. Many said they saw her at Lawrence de Brito's Quarter, so bright, that she blind∣ed them. And some who went to see her Image in the Churches, were converted, and staid in Town.

18. Nizamaluco was desirous to treat of Peace, but was not willing to shew it: Our Commander wished as much as he, and was as backward in making it appear. At length both Sides abated, and a Treaty was set on foot: Faretecan and Azafacan were Com∣missioners for Nizamaluco: Peter de Silva, and Meneses, and Anthony de Teyve, for our Commander in Chief; and D. Francis Ma∣scarennas Baroche, for the Captain of the Ci∣ty. The Substance of the Accommodation was a League Offensive and Defensive be∣tween Nizamaluco and King Sebastian. This Agreement was celebrated with great Joy, and sending of rich Presents on both Sides. All this might have been done, without so much Effusion of Blood. Nizamaluco raised his Camp, and returned home.

CHAP. XI.

The Proceedings of Zamori upon this Oc∣casion, and during the Government of D. Luis de Ataide.

1. ZAmori the third Chief of this League, who was to act by Sea as Sovereign thereof among those of India, performed his Part very coldly. After Goa and Chaul had been Besieged a Month, he instead of putting his Fleet to Sea, sent to treat of Peace with the Viceroy, either by this means to amuze him, or else to gain some Advantage upon his pressing Necessities. For few Princes follow the Dictates of Honour, when opposite to their Interest. This Af∣fair being proposed in Council at Goa, it was unanimously agreed to accept of a Peace though upon hard terms. But the Viceroy who had resolved to loose all or nothing, said, He would make no Peace unless upon such Terms, as he might expect in the most flourishing Condition.

2. Zamori seeing this Design fail, set out a Fleet about the end of February under the Command of Catiproca Marca. He soon ap∣peared before Chaul with twenty-one Sail, and a great number of Men, whereof above One thousand were Musqueteers, and passed by Night through all our Gallies and Gal∣leons that filled the Port without opposition. The Entrance was defended against only

two Paraos, whereof one got in, the other not. The Malabars with reason boasted of this Action, and Nizamaluco's Men rejoyced at the Success.

3. Nizamaluco was much pleased at the arrival of the Malabars, posted the 1000 Musqueteers, and then perswaded the Of∣ficers to attack our Ships, which were under the Command of Leonel de Sousa. A great number of Calemutes, which are small Vessels that King made use of, were crammed full of Men to accompany the twenty-one Ma∣labars, every one going as to a sure Victory. They set out with great eagerness, bearing down upon Lionel de Sousa, and fled with the same precipitation seeing him make at them. Yet for all their haste our Gallies did considerable execution among them. Nizamaluco, who from a height had been looking on, did all he could to perswade them to try their Fortune again, but to no purpose; for after twenty days they stole away by night out of that Harbour with the same good Fortune they came in.

4. The Queen of Mangalor thinking to make some Advantage of these Confusions, and hearing: that Catiproca was near with his Fleet, represented to him how easily our Fort might be surprized, and offered to defray the Charge. He accepted the Pro∣posal, thinking to regain the Credit lost at Chaul. Unexpectedly he applies scaling Ladders, and some of his Men mounted Some Servants of D. Antony Pereyra, who Commanded there, awaking, and seeing the

Enemy, threw out of a Window the first thing came to hand, which was a Chest of their Master's full of Silver, and with it beat down those that were upon the Ladder. Pereyra waking with the noise, threw down those that had mounted, the other fled carry∣ing away the Chest aboard the Ships. As they passed before Cananor, D. Iames with his Squadron fell upon and totally routed them. D. Iames follows them up the Ri∣ver of Tiracole, and not one Ship of them escaped, Cutiproca was killed, and his Ne∣phew Cutiale taken, as also D. Antony's Chest recovered.

5. Zamori did not fulfil the Articles of the League by sending this Fleet, for every one had promised to undertake something in Person; till now D. Iames de Meneses had obstructed him, scouring that Sea, burning many Towns and Ships, and taking many which he carried to Goa. Towards the end of Iune, when D. Iames was gone, and Hi∣dalcau and Nizamaluco were about drawing off, Zamori fate down before the Fort of Cbale with 100000 Men, most of them Musqueteers. This place is but two Leagues from Calicut, that Prince's Court, and was then held by D. George de Castro. The E∣nemy planted forty Pieces of Brass Cannon, and girting the place round thought they had shut out all hopes of Relief. Some was sent from Cochim under the Conduct of D. Antony de Noronna, who could not put it into the Place, for the furious Batteries of the Ene∣mies Cannon. Francis Pereyra de Sousa com∣ing

from Cananor with extravagant Bravery, conquered the difficulty, but the Relief was small because the Vessels were so. As soon as the Viceroy had advice, he sent D. Iames de Meneses with eighteen Sail to carry Supplies to the Fort. He with great difficulty got to Chale about the end of September, when the Besieged were reduced to the last Extre∣mities, there being at least Six hundred Per∣sons in the place, whereof not above Seventy that could bear Arms.

6. It seemed impracticable to attempt the putting in any Relief, for the mouth of the Harbour was very narrow, and all the Hills about it were planted with Cannon. But our Commander resolved to surmount all Difficulties: A great Vessel was filled with Provisions for two months, and fifty Soldiers put into it. Iames de Azambuja went be∣fore in his Gally, and Antony Fernandez and D. Luis de Meneses cover'd it with their Vessels. They pierced with incredible Cou∣rage through Showrs of Bullets, and Fer∣dinand de Mendoca, Nephew to D. Iames, run in all the Supplies, whilst Francis de Sousa with his Men killed above Five hun∣dred of the Enemy, who endeavour'd to ob∣struct it. This done, they retired through the same Dangers with loss of forty Men. As they were cutting off a Soldier's Leg he asked whether the Succour was got in, and hearing it was, Then, said he, let me die in God's Name, for I cannot die more honour∣ably.

7. Though it was not possible to bring the •…•…ss People out of the Fort, as was de∣sign'd, yet the putting in of Relief was an Action scarce to be parallell'd, for the great hazard and difficulty that attended, and vast Power that opposed it.

8. The King of Achem, the Fourth of these great Confederates, whose thoughts were always employed against Malaca, did not in point of time answer the Covenants of the League, but we shall see him at length in the Government of D. Antony de Noronna performing what he so long delayed. The Queen of Guarcopa and others, as has been related, made up what was wanting in him.

9. This was the end of that mighty League; this the Government, Valour and Fortune of our Viceroy; who opposing all the united Power of India, re-established the Portugues Reputation, so much decayed; For which he deserves an everlasting Fame.

10. D. Luis de Ataide Lord of Atouguia was of unquestioned Valour, had great Ex∣perience in Military Affairs, to which he had applied himself from his Youth, and of a Spirit so free from the Infection of Ava∣rice, that as others brought from Asia to Portugal heaps of Treasure, he brought four Jars of Water from the four famous Rivers, Indus, Ganges, Tigris and Euphrates, which were preserved many Years in his Castle of Penicbe.

11. After serving in Europe and Africk he went over to India, and served there, and at the Age of twenty-two, was Knighted at

Mount Sinai by the Governor D. Stephen 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Gama. Returning to Portugal he went A•…•… bassador to the Emperor Charles V. and was in that Battle in which the Emperor defeat∣ed the Lutherans under the Landtgrave and Duke of Saxony; where he behaved himself so well, that Charles V. offered to Knight him, and he said, He had already received that Honour at Mount Sinai, and was there∣fore sorry he could not admit it then. The Emperor in the hearing of all answer'd, He more envyed that Honour, than he rejoyced in his Victory.

12. At his arrival at Lisbon King Sebastian caused him to be received under a Canopy, yet afterwards (like King Emanuel and Duarle Pacheco) very much slighted him. We shall see it when he is made the second time Viceroy, being the first that was so twice. D. Antony de Noronna succeeded him now: He was the Tenth that had this Title, and of Governours the Twenty-fourth: The First of the Name and Sirname, the Third Count that had that Post: He was of the larger size, had a good Meen, his Com∣plexion white.

CHAP. XII.

The Government of the Viceroy D. Antony de Noronna, from the Year 1571 till 1573, in the Reign of King Sebastian.

1. KING Sebastian thinking the Govern∣ment of India, as it was then ex∣tended, too great a Burden for one Man, di∣vided it into three Parts: The first from Cape Guardafu to the Island Ceylon, which is that of India: The second from Cape Cor∣rientes to Guardufu, which is Monomotapa: The third from Pegu to China, which is that of Malaca. The first was given to D. Antony de Noronna, with the Title of Vice∣roy; the second to Francis Barreto, and the third to Antony Moniz Barreto, both stiled Governors. Though it may alter things as to point of time, I will speak of them in distinct Chapters, beginning with D. Antony de Noronna.

2. He set out from Lisbon with five Ships, and was followed by two more. They ar∣rived at Goa the beginning of September safe as to the number of Ships, for none was lost; but not so as to Men, 2000 dying at Sea of sickness of 4000 that set out. D. Antony came before Hidalcan had raised the Siege, and thereby obtained part of the Honour of obliging him to quit it. Hidalcan lest Com∣missioners to conclude the Peace with the new Viceroy. It was proclaimed with great

Joy on the 13th of December, and so the Year and the War ended together.

3. The first care of the new Viceroy was to send Relief to Chale in two Galleys, one Galleon and four Ships, and after them two Galleys and t•…•…ee other Vessels. But these were soon applied to other uses; D. Iames de Meneses coming from Chale, he sent him back with 1500 Men, who came too late, the Fort being already delivered to Zamori upon Conditions. This surrender was made contrary to the plurality of Votes by the Commander D. George de Castro, overcome by the Prayers and Tears of his Wife and other Ladies that were there, without considering that he was Eighty Years of Age, and ought rather to chuse an honou∣rable Death, than a short term of infamous Life. Nor was this all his fault, for the Provision had lasted longer, had not he put it into his Wife's Hands, and she into those of her Slaves. Thus she was the first Eve among the Portugueses of India that tempted her Husband to a Crime of this na∣ture, this being the first place so delivered by them to the Enemy. And the Viceroy could not but lose more Honour by loss of Chale, than he could justly pretend to by the raising the Siege of Goa.

4. D. Iames gathering the People that came out of Chale, and were under the Prote∣ction of the King of Tanor, left them at Cochin, Then dividing his Fleet with Mathi•…•… de Al∣buquerque, they clear'd the Sea of Pyrats and secured the Coasts; next they took and de∣molished

a Fort built by a Nayque subject to Hidalcan, at the mouth of the River San∣guicer. Here was killed Antony Fernandez. Chale, a Malabar, who for his Valour and Conduct had often the Honour to Command many of the bravest Gentlemen that were in India at that time. He was of the Order of Christ, was carried to Goa, and there buried with greater State than any till that day, that had not been Governor of India.

5. When the Viceroy accepted this Com∣mand in Portugal, so much lessened by the Division of Governments, his great aim was to get an Estate, being poor, and having Children. He thought India might mend his broken Fortune, and that Antony Moniz Barr•…•…to would be satisfied with less than was ordered to fit him out for the Government of Malaca; he was deceived, for Moniz was not satisfied with what could be done, nor was India in a Condition to give what was promised him in order to go to Malaca, nor Malaca in a posture for a Man, who look'd upon his Reputation, to go thither with that Title without a considerable Force. The one would not go with what was given him, and the other could not give more. Diffi∣culties hard to be composed.

6. Moniz resolved not to go to Malaca, and writ to Portugal that the Reason was, be∣cause the Viceroy would not furnish him with what was requisite, as not desiring he should go. Malicious Whispers are gene∣rally grateful to Princes and great Men. Those who govern'd King Sebastia•…•… (un∣happy

Kingdom, whose King is a Child!) with∣out any other Information besides this Gen∣tleman's, which all tended to his own Ad∣vantage, committed the weakest Act that has been heard of: Moniz himself will shame them and himself, as shall appear in its pro∣per place.

7. The Vice-Roy, after fitting out several Squadrons as usual, and receiving four Ships from Portugal, two whereof were lost in their Return, was obliged to make ready a considerable Succour for Damam, threatned by the Mogol, on account that that Place and Ba•…•…aim both belonged to the Kingdom of Cambaya, whereof he was now possessed; and by this Means Sultan Mamud, Heir to the late King of Cambaia, was left to the Tuition of three Great Men, Alucan, Itimi∣tican and Madremaluco. Each of these envy∣ing the others Fortune, strove to make him∣self Master of the young King: And he finding all their Aim was Power, fled from Madremaluco, where he thought himself in danger, to Itimitican, and totally lost him∣self. They were all three bad, but this was the worst of all. Therefore, considering the young King might flee from him, as he had done from the others, he resolved to lay aside all Shame, and betray him. Gelalde 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Hecbar Taxa, King of the Mogols, was now in great Power; to him he offers to deliver the King; by which means, with a small Army, he might possess himself of that Kingdom, whereof he should be Vice∣roy, as a Reward of his Treachery. Hecbar

agreed, set forward with a good Army; and at the City Amadaba, the Traitor deli∣vered up his Prince to him; and so the Mo∣gol, without drawing Sword, was seated in the Throne of Cambaia.

8. Hecbar not satisfied with what he had got, resolved to recover the Lands and Towns of Baçaim and Damam. This Design being known, D. Luis de Almeyda, Com∣mander of Damam, gave Advice to the Vice∣roy; who immediately sent some Succours, and prepared to follow in Person. He set out from Goa the Latter End of December, with nine Galleys, five Gallions, eight Gal∣liots, and ninety other Vessels.

9. The Viceroy being come into the Ri∣ver of Damam, struck such a Terrour into the Enemy, who was encamped two Leagues off, that the King immediately sent an Am∣bassador to the Viceroy, to treat of Peace. The Viceroy received him in his Galley with great State, and firing all the Cannon of the Fleet; and having heard his Propo∣sals, sent back with him Anthony Cabrall, who concluded the Peace to the Content of both Parties. The Viceroy returned to Goa, and the Mogol setled himself in the Possession of the Kingdom of Cambaya, cutting off the Head of the Traitor Itimitican, a just Reward of his Villany.

10. The Inhabitants of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 were of∣fended at the Fort lately bui•…•…t by us there; they besieged it to the number of 6000. Ruy Gonçalez de Camara, who commanded there, gave Advice to the Viceroy, and provided

to make a good Defence. Five Sail came immediately to his Relief; then twelve more, under the Command of D. George de Meneses, who by the Way destroyed the Town of the Naique of Sanguiçer, with great Slaughter of the Enemy, and Loss of two Men. With∣out the Bay of Braçalor he took a Ship of Me∣ca; and entring, found all was safe, with the Succour of the first Ships.

11. D. Henry de Meneses sailing to the Northward with one Galley and seven other Vessels, near the Islands of Angerula, eight Leagues from Chaul, took two great Ships be∣longing to Hidalcan; but a Storm arising, they were all drove ashore, and taken by Mala∣bars, who carried them to Hidalcan; and he, because the Ships were taken after the late Conclusion of Peace, (though the Fault was theirs, for answering with their Cannon, when they were required to shew Portuguese. Passes, as had been agreed) caused D. Hen∣ry, and all the Portugueses then at his Court, to be put into the Castle of Bilgam; and it cost some trouble to release them, and ap∣pease that Prince.

12. It was the Middle of October when the King of Achem (though late, yet pursuant to the great League before spoke of) appeared before Malaca, with almost 100 Sail, 7000 Men, and a vast quantity of Ammunition. He landed the same Night of his Arrival, and suddenly set fire to the Town of Iller; which had been burnt to the Ground, had not as sudden and violent a Shower of Rain quenched it. Iohn Bandara, Captain of the

Horse, ran with more Zeal than Discretion to succour the Town, and was killed.

13. The Enemy attempted to burn our Ships; but failing in this, and other Designs, he sate down before the City, resolving to carry it by a regular Siege, having at first thought it would not cost him that Trouble. The City was in a miserable Condition, ve∣ry poor, without Men, unhealthy and out of heart, having suffered much by Ship∣wrecks, Sickness and Famine, not without deserving it; for Malaca was (I know not whether it is) the Portuguese Ninive in Asia.

CHAP. XIII.

The Siege of Malaca, with other Occur∣rences, and End of the Government of D. Anthony de Noronna.

1. MAlaca had, in a manner, no Hopes of Defence; the Enemy incessant∣ly battered the Walls, and cut off all Provi∣sion from coming to it: There was nothing within but Misery, and Calling upon God for Mercy, without deserving it by any other Action, but because they implored it. So cas•…•…e it is to appease the Divine Wrath.

2. So it happened; for in this Extremity, accidentally came into that Port Tristan Vaz de Vega, with one only Ship, in which he sailed for Sanda, to load with Spice. The Be•…•…ged earnestly •…•…ntreated him to assist

them, and he could not but give ear to their Intreaty, though it seemed a Rashness to en∣gage a Fleet of an Hundred Sail with Ten, whereof Nine were almost rotten, and un∣rigged. Among these were distributed 300 Soldiers, as naked as hungry. The Captain, who might repose much Confidence in his own Valour, acknowledging, in such Cases there ought to be no Trust but in God, gave the Example, and caused all his Men to con∣fess, and prepare themselves for Death.

3. About the End of November he sailed, and discovered the Enemy's Fleet in the Ri∣ver 〈◊〉〈◊〉. He gave the Command of his own Ship to Emanuel Ferreyra, and went himself into a Galliot with his Sword in his Hand, to encourage the Men, seeing him expose himself to the greatest Danger with them. The Signal being given, and the Cannon furiously discharged, our Captain lays the Enemy's Admiral on Board, makes great Havock among 200 Men that were in her, beats down her Flag, and she getting loose, shews him her Stern.

4. Mean while, Ferdinand Perez, with on∣ly thirteen Men, in a small Vessel, took a Galley. Ferdinand de Lemos runs his Ship with such force against another, that he over∣set and sunk her. Francis de Lima having ta∣ken another, burnt it, to be at leisure to re∣turn to the Fight, that still continued. Ema∣nuel Ferreyra, who was in Vega's Ship, sunk three Vessels, unrigged others, and killed many Men. To be short, Every one fought to admiration, the whole Enemies Fleet fled,

except four Galleys and seven small Vessels that were burnt or sunk; 700 of the Enemy were kill'd and taken, of ours only five were slain: Our Ships waited three days to see if the Enemy would return, and then carried this joyful News to Malaca, where it was scarce believed.

5. Let us see what was doing at the Ma∣lucos. Whilst Gonçalo Pereyra Marramaque, our Admiral in those Seas, carried Relief to Ternate from Amboina, this Fort was Besieg'd by the Fleet of Ternate, sent by the King ei∣ther to stop Pereyra from going to relieve our Men whom he held in great Distress, or if he were gone to possess themselves of those Islands. They being too late to stop him, besieged the People of Ulate in the Islands of Iliacer. They had been forty days shut up, when D. Duarte de Meneses with Sancho de Vasconcelos, who commanded at Sea, came to their Relief. They of Ulate encourag'd with this Succor, fell upon the Besiegers and put them to flight. They presented our Captain with Baskets of Heads, and he re∣turning to Amboina, found D. Duarte dead, and succeeded him in that Command. The Command of the Sea he gave to Simon de A∣breu, call'd Papabierro, that is Sword-swal∣lower, because, being concern'd in many Duels, he always disarm'd his Adversary.

6. Being abroad with his Squadron he met that of Ternate, and there began a furious Battle, but the other Vessels in the heat of the Action forsook him, and he overpower'd by the Multitude was killed, and 25 men

with him. Autony Lop•…•…z de Resende, who went not off with those Cowards, came to succour him, but it being too late; the Ene∣my offer'd him Quarter, and he refused it, saying, He bad rather die as his Commander had done. The Admiral of Ternate attacks, him, and he taking a Cannon upon his Shoulder (I suppose it was a little one) or∣der'd a Souldier to give fire to it, so succes∣fully, that it broke the Admiral's Leg. His Men thought him dead, and whilst they were busie about him Resende had time to make his escape, having lost four Men in this great Action.

7. The little King of Atua, a new Con∣vert, who had fought bravely, was betrayed to Reboanje, Commander of the Ternatenses, who offer'd him his Life if he would renounce the Faith, and threatned him with a new sort of Martyrdom if he refused: He con∣tinued firm; and being hung by a Rope be∣tween two Vessels, Reboanje's Galley run with all its force at, and tore him to pieces.

8. Iohn de Silva succeeded in the Com∣mand of the Sea. All our Men seeing so many misfortunes befal us in those Islands, were for quitting them: Only Sancho de Vas∣concelos protested he would not abandon the Christians of those Islands, affirming, if no Body would bear him Company he would stay alone and defend them with the Natives, They were all asham'd, and yielded to his Resolution. They quitted Ito, and fortified themselves upon the Point of Rosanive, where the Land makes a Bay of four Leagues in

Length, and three Leagues over at the mouth, and runs up still narrower like a Pyramid; on one side of the Point is the pleasant and plentiful Town of Rosanive, the Inhabitants thereof and the neighbouring Places were our Friends. There the new Fort was built, the Atives and Tavires labouring at it with great Fidelity to the Portugueses, by whom they were reduced to the Faith, which they firmly adhered to. Iohn de Silva went to Malaca for Succor, which was granted him by Francis de Costa commanding there, and was cast away in the Bay of Tapara, where the Men were made Slaves.

9. Though these were lost, yet some Sup∣plies came to Amboina, sent by the Viceroy. Our Enemies at Atua falling on a sudden up∣on the Portugueses, killed five and an Italian •…•…esuit. Mascarennas fled into the Woods, whence he was brought out at the end of eight days almost famished. Sancho gather∣ing our Friends, fell upon Atua, and killed not only the Children at their Mother's Breasts, but the very Beasts. In the Island 〈◊〉〈◊〉, twelve Leagues distant, he did the same, some of the Natives retiring to a Moun∣tain.

10. At this time time arrived at Goa four Ships from Portugal, under the Command of D. Francis de Sousa, who as soon as he land∣ed, went to the Archbishop D. Gasper, and deliver'd to him a Letter from the King, and other Papers. Scarce had that ancient and learned Man seen them, when without any consideration, he committed a great weak∣ness,

putting those Orders in Execution; for there being several Circumstances that ought to be weighed by a Person of his Years and Profession, he instantly with great disorder called together several persons appointed for this extravagant Action into the Church▪

11. The Orders were read by a Cryer; they contain'd, That D. Antony de Noronn•…•… should be deposed from the Viceroyship, and that Antony Moniz Barreto should imme∣diately succeed him with the Title of Go∣vernour. All Noronna's Crime, whereby he merited to be thus deposed, was, that he gave not to Moniz what was not in his power to give; and all the Merit of Moniz, that he promised that which afterwards he could not perform. D. Antony return'd to Portu∣gal, though slighted, not inglorious; for extravagant Injuries done by Superiors, are rather Honours than Affronts to the Person that receives them: Yet he not well consi∣dering it, died for Grief, as did his Wife and Brother-in-law; and that Minister 〈◊〉〈◊〉 State who was the cause of their Death, by crediting so slightly the Information of An∣tony Moniz, being sensible of the wrong he had done, broke his Heart: And King Se∣bastian hearing of the Death of D. Antony, declared he was sorry it happen'd before 〈◊〉〈◊〉 had made him reparation of his Hono•…•… D. Antony was a Man of great Honour, Si•…•… cerity and Prudence, and who, according to the Rules of the World, deserved his ill Fortune. His Visage long and disagreeable, his Body large and gross. In the number of

Viceroys he was the 11th, in that of Gover∣nors the 25th; the 1st of the Name, and 4th of the Sirname; he held the Government •…•…wo Years, and deserved to hold it many.

CHAP. XIV.

The Government of Antony Moniz Bar∣reto, from the Year 1573 till 1576, in the Reign of King Sebastian.

1. SCarce had the Bishop concluded that Act so misbecoming the Pastoral Staff, * 1.5 when he took out another Order, wherein Gonçalo Pereyra Marramaque was appointed to succeed Antony Moniz Barreto in the Go∣vernment of Malaca, and in default of him D. Leonis Pereyra was named. The latter suc∣ceeded, for the other died after relieving of Ternate. This done, that Pharisaical Caba•…•… broke up, and hasted to carry the News to •…•…he Viceroy, who received it with such un∣concernedness as might well put them all out of Countenance.

2. Advice is now brought, that Malaca •…•…s again in danger, the K•…•…ng of Achem being again before it, assisted by the Queen of Ia∣•…•…a. The new Governor orders D. Leonis Per•…•…yra to be gone to his Government to •…•…ccour that place; D. Leonis demands of •…•…im what he had before demanded of D. A•…•…tony, and he returns the same answer No∣•…•…a had given him, without remembring

what he had writ to the King, or consider∣ing he had now less reason to refuse D. L•…•…∣onis, than Noronna had to deny him, for then India was threatned by all the Power of the East, and was now deliver'd of that danger. D. Leonis, to take all manner of excuse from him, would have been satisfied with much less now, than Moniz demanded before: But even that was not given him, and he came away for Portugal; where that was his Justification for not taking upon him that Command, but was not esteemed an Offence to deprive Moniz of the Govern∣ment, as it was with less reason in the Case of D. Antony; whereby it appears, the Will of Ministers of State makes the Crimes or Merit of such as depend on them.

3. This Year passed without any thing remarkable, and about the end of it arriv'd six Ships from Portugal: They carried an Order for Trying and Executing D. George do Castro, for delivering up the Fort of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to Zamori. He was taken into Custody, and with him his Wife Donna Felipa, who, tho' really guilty of the Crime, was not liable to undergo the Punishment. He suffer'd for her, and all that were in fault, having his Head cut off upon a Scaffold in the Market Place of Goa; and it was observ'd, that others who were as much to blame as he, did not only escape unpunish'd, but were re∣warded; and it is yet more remarkable, that a Year after a Commission was sent from Portugal, for D. George de Castro to serve in another Post.

4. Scarce did India begin to breath, after so many Troubles, and particularly Malaca, when the Queen of Iapara sent to Besiege it, her General Quiaidaman with 15000 chosen Natives of Iava, in almost 80 great Galleons, and above 220 smaller Vessels. Tristan Vaz de Vega was come back thither from Sunda after the late Victory: By com∣mon Consent, and with much Justice, he was chose Commander of that Place, D. Francis Enriquez his Predecessor being dead. He gave Advice of the danger to the Governor Antony Moniz, and he to all the neighbour∣ing Places, promising to requite whatever they should do in order to relieve the Be∣sieged; whereby such Succours came into them on a sudden, as put them into a good posture of Defence.

5. Mean while Moniz demanded of the Chamber of Goa to lend him 20000 Pardaos to fit out a Fleet, and finding them back∣ward, offer'd his Son Duarte Moniz, a Boy of eight Years of age, as a Pledge; the Chamber gave the Money, and took the Pledge.

6. Whilst this Fleet was fitting out, the General of Iava began to act in the same manner the Ring of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 had done, at∣tacking Iller; and D. Antony de Castro coming with only ten Men to defend it was killed, as Bandara had been the last Siege. The whole Army landed and lodged themselves •…•…ound the Town. Vega sent Iohn Pereyra and Martin Ferreyra with 150 men to beat the Enemy from a Post; they killed 70 of

them, levelled their Works, and brought off seven Pieces of Cannon. Pereyra afterwards burnt above 30 of their Galleons, and some great Engines they had framed to attack a Bastion. Ferdinand Perez de Andrade a d•…•… Bernardin de Silva burnt their Palisades. In all these Actions we lost 15 or 20 me•…•…. The River being thus cleared, Pereyra with our Vessels besieges the Besiegers, and at In takes the Provisions that were coming to them; whereupon in great Consternation they Imbarqued and went off by night. P•…•…∣reyra pursues and cuts off their Rear: Almost half the 15000 perished by Fire, Sword, and Sickness during the Siege, which lasted three months, and the pursuit of three hours.

7. The King of Achem and Queen of I•…•…∣para took it by turns, for when he left the * 1.6 Port she came in, and he now comes in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 she goes out. He came now with 40 Gallies, some Ships, Galliots and other Vessels, to the number of 100, with a great Train of Artillery. Tristan Vaz order'd Iohn Perey•…•… in a Galley, Bernardin de Silv•…•… in a Caravel, and Ferdinand de Pall•…•…res in a Ship with each 40 Men to go out to guard the Provisions that were coming, and whereof the City was in great want; the Enemy falls upon them, and in an instant beat all three to pieces; 75 Men perish'd by Fire; Sword and Water, 40 were taken, and only five sav'd themselves by swimming, the three Captains fought to their last breath. Iohn Pereyra promised s•…•… to do, to one who seeing all lost offered hi•…•… a Boat in which he might have escaped.

Only 150 men remained in Malaca to de∣fend it, and of these 100 were sick and aged. Want of Men and Ammunition caused them to be very still in the City. The Enemy not knowing the Cause, imagined they had some cunning Stratagem in hand, and in a panick Fear raised the Siege, when they might have carried the Town, contenting themselves with their success against the three Captains. They came into the Port in the beginning of Ianuary, and went out about the latter end.

8. The Priests, Women and Children had cried loud with sighs and tears, implo∣ring the Mercy of God, which at length they obtain'd: Next to God the City was saved by Tristan Vaz de Vega's Courage, be∣ing ready upon all Occasions; and by his liberality having spent above 20000 Ducats, wherewith he has purchased a never-dying Honour. The Succours the Governour sent came too late.

9. D. Iohn de Costa, Admiral of the Ma∣labar Seas, cruized there victorious with two Gallies and 24 other Vessels. He fell upon the Town of Gaipar, near Braçalor, then in Rebellion, kill'd 1500 of the Inhabitants, burnt the Town, and cut down the Woods. Thus the King of Tolar, grown haughty, was humbled. In the River of Chale he de∣stroyed an Island belonging to Zamori. A∣bove that his City of Parapangulem could not escape its Ruin. The Heir of the Crown coming to the Relief of it, was killed with 200 Moors. At Cap•…•…cate 300 were •…•…ain, with

the loss of two on our side. At Mount De∣lii, the Town of Nilachiram was consumed to Ashes. Between these Actions, several Vessels were taken, which supplied the Gal∣leys with Slaves, and the Fleet with Provi∣sions.

10. Let us now see our Dominion in the Molucos drawing to an end. New Comman∣ders were still sent to ruin all by their Ava∣rice, with strength to maintain the Fort: D. Alvaro de Ataide was now there, and Nanno Pereyra under Sail to succeed him. The King of Ternate continued the Seige, and the place was almost famished. It look∣ed as if God had undertaken the Re∣venge of his Father's Death, and assisted him to starve that Garrison; for no Succor was sent thither, but perished. Of all Marra∣maque his Squ•…•…dron not the least Vessel re∣turn'd to Goa; four Ships that went with Antony de Valadares and Lacerda were cast away in several places, and he got thither a∣lone, and after him Francis de Lima with a Galliot. These were comforts to the Be∣sieged, but no perfect Cure. The King of Ujantana, our Friend, supplied the Enemy with Arms. Sancho de Vasconcelos coming from Amboina to succor the Besieged to small effect, found a Galleon of his loaded with them in the Port; and a Portugues Ship at Banda in danger of falling into the hands of those People: For, seeing the decay of ou•…•… Affairs on that side, every one strove to ha∣sten our Ruin. Belchior Botello going with one Galleon to relieve the Fort, was ca•…•…

away on the Sands Solocos, Another in which D. Alvaro was going, away, after resigning that Command to Nunno, was beat to pieces in the Harbor. The great Ship of Lionel de Brito came when there was no Fort therē, and was lost afterwards. Other Supplies, a great deal of Cannon, much Merchandise and Ammunition, and above 2000 Men de∣sign'd thither, perish'd all by lamentable dis∣asters. The Murderer of that innocent King was stabbed by the People of Iava, rather as Executioners of God's Justice, than Ene∣mies to the Portugueses. Gonçalo Pereyra Marramaque, who consented to the Murder, died for meer Grief of so many Misfortunes, as he sailed for Amboina, and was cast into the Sea.

11. In •…•…ine, our Dominion in that Island came to a dishonourable Period; for those who had so insolently treated the Ternatenses, were forced to beg their Lives of them, de∣livering up the Fort to the King, who treat∣ed them better than they deserved.

12. The King entring the Fort, protested before the Portugueses, he did not take pos∣session of it for himself, but in trust for the King of Portugal, and would deliver it to whoever he should appoint, as soon as the Murder of his Father was punish'd. I be∣lieve they never demanded the Fort, becaus•…•… they would not oblige themselves to do Ju∣stice. This was the second Place we lost after this manner in Asia. The loss of this Place was not punished as that of Chale, the C•…•…ime being the same, only with this

difference, that the Tears of the Women extorted the one, and the Perswasions of Je∣suits the other. The arrival of that Ship, with sufficient Supplies was a testimony of the Guilt. But both places being lost for want of Relief, they ought rather to have been Executed who did not relieve, than they that surrendred them. It was a good answer of the King of Persia to a Portugues Ambassador, when asking, How many Gover∣nours of India the King had beheaded? the Ambassador said, None: Then replied the King, The Dominion of the Portugueses in India will not last long.

13. Our Affairs at Amboina were not in much better a posture; for though Sancho de Vasconcelos did more than could be ex∣pected of his force, yet it was less than was requisite, it was but rising and falling. He defeated two Fleets of Ternate, killed their Commanders, and Cachil Tidore; the People of Amboina slew Maladam, and many more, and eat them; for they use to eat those they kill in the Church. By his Order Alexander de Mattos destroyed the Island Iamam, but at length the Natives kill∣ed him and all his Men; but afterwards D. Henry, Unkle to the King of Ti∣dore, coming with Two hundred and fifty Men, slew Two thousand of them. Two Natives of those Islands, as big as Giants, killed with their own hands, the one above Twenty, the other above Thirty Men. San ho returned again, and entred the same Town.

14. The People of Amboina designed pri∣vately to Murder Sancho de Vasconcelos. He suspecting that Ruy de Sousa, a new Con∣vert, and the principal Man of Rosanive, was the Author of that Conspiracy, sent friend∣ly for, and then secured him by the advice of some Portugueses, not without the help of the Jesuits, believing it was for the bet∣ter, and they ruined all: For Sousa escaping out of Prison, did what he never had de∣sign'd, joining our Enemy, and killing a good number of our Men, which put our Affairs into a desperate Posture.

15. This Year F. Peter de Alfaro with three Companions entred the City of Quan∣tung, and perceiving he did not profit much there, returned to Macao, where he built the Church. He was a Spaniard, and seem'd to foresce, that what belong'd now to the Portugueses only would soon belong to his Nation. A token of his Sanctity is, that perishing by Shipwrack, he was afterwards found on the Shore upon his Knees.

16. This Year concludes with the arrival of four Ships from Portugal. Since there is no Account to be found of what our Governor acted the next Year till D. Iames de Meneses succeeded him, let his Government end here, and I will go over to the Relation of what was done these very Years, in Monomotapa, by the Governour Francis Barreto, and his Suc∣cessour Vasco Fernandez Homem. Antony Moniz Barreto was a Man deserving of that Post he obtained, though he got it not fair∣ly,

and was one of the best Governors of India, the Twenty-sixth of that Number, and Second of the Name and Sirname.

CHAP. XV.

The Government of Francis Barreto in Mo∣nomotapa, beginning in the Year 1569, in the Reign of King Sebastian.

1. SInce, by reason of the Disagreement between Antony Moniz Barreto, and the Viceroy D. Antony de Norronna, and D. Leonis Pereyra, the Government of Ma∣laca, one of the three into which that Dominion was divided, took no effect, let us go over to the other of Monomotapa, which was erected, though it lasted not long. When Francis Barreto returned to Portugal, after having been Governor of In∣dia, he was appointed Admiral of the Gal∣lies: He exercised this Command at the time of that memorable Action of Pennon, by which he gain'd great Reputation. Being come back to Lisbon, and the King resolv'd to make that Division of Governments, he named him for Monomotapa, with the addi∣tional Title of Conqueror of the Mines there. The great inducement to this Con∣quest, was the Information and Experience of the vast quantity of Gold found, particu∣larly

at Manica in the Kingdom of Bocaranga.

2. The Doubt was, whether it were proper for a Man who had been Gover∣nour of all our Dominions in Asia, and this Southern Part of Africk to accept of this, which was the least considerable part into which it was divided, but the danger and difficulty of it made amends for the great∣ness. Three things prevailed with him to accept of it; the first, that he was poor; the second, that he thought it no lessening to take a less Command in Obedience to his Prince; and the third, that it was allowed him, in case the Viceroy and he met at Sea, their Power should be equal in all respects.

3. In fine, Francis Barreto submitted to his King's Command, and the Desires of his Country, and sailed from Lisbon in April, 1569, as Captain, General, and Governor of that Conquest, with three Ships. He carried One thousand Landmen, and might have had more, if the Vessels could have con∣tained them; for the noise of Gold drown∣ed the thoughts of danger, and nothing raises Men like the thoughts of gain. A∣mong these were many Gentlemen and old African Soldiers. Being come to Moçambique, he went to subdue the King of Pate, who was revolted from us.

4. Barreto had Orders not to undertake any thing without the Advice of Francis de Monclaros, a Jesuit, who was the cause of the ill Success of this Enterprize. So great an Error it is to subject a Soldier to a reli∣gious Man: So indiscreet a Presumption

for a religious Man to undertake what does not belong to his profession: There were two ways to the Mines, the one through Monomotapa, the other by Zofala, Barreto was for this, Monclaros for the other, and car∣ryed it, notwithstanding, all the Votes to the contrary, and so the first step they gave was to their ruin.

5. Now the Governor enters upon this Conquest, let us say somthing of its Climate, quality, and extent. The Coast from Cape Delgado to Mozambique, is in the form of a bow; it begins in 9 deg of S. lat. and ends in 14 d. 3 m. in which space are the Islands Pajaros, Mesa; one at the Mouth of the River Paudagi, Mocoloe, Matemo, Queriba, Cobra, near the River Menluane, Quisve, and Cabras, or Del Açotado. Then follow the Rivers, M•…•…cutii, Mucululo, Situ, Habe, Xan∣ga, Samoco, Veloso, Pinda, Quizimaluco, Tin∣tagone. Between these last are the Bays of Xanga and Fuego, and the Sands of Pinda. From Mocambique to the Port of the Bay of Cauea, in 21 deg and half of S. lat. The Continent runs to the Westward, gathering the Waters, where appears the Parcel de Z•…•…fala, the dangerous Scylla, and Caribdis of those Seas, into which falls these Rivers, Moeugo, Bayones, M•…•…ge, Mojuncoale, San∣gage, Ambuzi, (here lie the three Islands of Angoxa,) Monca, Macolonga, (with three other Islands) Tondamaje, Corombeca, Que∣sungo, Loranga, Chimani, Mogundo, Mafusa, (between the last are the Ports of Quilimane, and Luabo, with the Island Chimgoma,) Ten∣dicalu,

Quiloe, Sabam, Bagoe, Miave, Zofala, (with the opposite Island called Inbansato) Quiloane, Mambony, Molimon, Quilamancohi. Between Cape B•…•…siqua in 32 deg. of S. lat. and Cape Correntes in 23, is the great Bay of Sau•…•…a. Into this Bay falls the River In∣hambane, where is the Trade of Ivory. From these names I infer the Language of those People, cannot be harsh, being mostly com∣pounded of the soft Letters, L. and M.

6. The Empire of Monomotapa from the Mouth of Cuama in the East, runs 250 Leagues, is divided by the great River Zam∣bere, which falls into that of Chiri, running through the Country of Borero, where are many other large Rivers, and on their banks many King's, some absolute, some Subjects of Monomotapa; the greatest of the first is Mongas, bordering on C•…•…ama and Zambere, which falls into the Sea, between Mozam∣bique and Zofala, to the S. E. by four Mouths. The first that of Quilimane, 90 Leagues from Mozambique. The second Cuama, 25 to the Southward. The third Luabo, 5 Leagues lower, and the fourth Luaboel, 15 more to the South. Between them are fruitful and large Islands, whereof one is 60 Leagues in compass. The River is Navigable, the same number of Leagues up to the Town of Sena, inhabited by Portugueses, and as many more to Tete, a Colony of theirs also. The richest Mines are those of Musapa, called Anfur, the Ophir where the Queen of Saba had her Riches, when she went to Hierusa∣lem. In these Mines has been found a lum•…•…

of Gold worth 12000 Ducats, and another of the value of 400000. It is not only found among Stones, but grows up within the bark of several Trees to the top, where the branches spread. The Mines of Man∣cbica and Butica are not much inferior to these. There are many others not so considerable. There are three Fairs or Markets, whither our People Trade for this Gold, from the Castle of Tete on the River Zambeze, 120 •…•…ngues from the Sea; the first is Luane four Days journey up the inland. The se∣cond Buento farther distant, and Masapa the third, yet farther of. This Gold was pur∣chased for Cloth, glass-beads, and other things of no value among us. At Masapa re∣sides a Portugues Officer appointed by the Commander of Moçambique, by consent of the Emperor of Monomotapa, but upon con∣dition, not to go into the Country, without his leave upon pain of Death: He is Judge of the differences that arise there. There are Churches of the Dominicans at Massapa, Bo∣cuto, and Luanze.

7. The Original, number and time of the Reign of the Kings is not known; it is be∣lieved, there were several in the time of the Queen of Saba, and that they were subject to her, for thence she had her Gold. In the Mountain Afur, near Masapa, are seen the ruins of stately buildings, supposed to be Pallaces and Castles; in Process of time, the Empire was divided into three Kingdoms, Quiteve, Sabanda, and Chiganga, this last the most powerful, as possessing the Mines

of Manchica, Butua, and others; its believ∣ed, the Blacks of Butua of the Kingdom of Chicanga, are those that carry the Gold to Angola, because 'tis thought there are but 100 Leagues distance between those two pla∣ces; this Country bears Rice, and what we call Indian-wheat, has abundance of all sorts of Cattle, Fowl, and Gardening: Their chief care is Pastorage and Tillage; this Empire is divided into 25 Kingdoms, which are Mongas, Baroe, Manica, Boesa, Ma∣cingo, Remo, Chique, Chiria, Chidima, Boquizo, Inbanzo, Chiruvia, Condesaca, Daburia, Ma∣curumbe, Mungussi, Antiovaza, Cbove, Chun∣gue, Dvia, Romba, Rassini, Chirao, Mocaran∣ga, and Remo de Beza; there are many Lordships, that have not the Title of Kings.

8. The Emperor has a great Palace, though of Wood; the chief Apartments of it are three, one for himself, another for his Wife, and a third for his menial Servants; it has three Doors into a Court, one for the Queen, to go in and out at, another for him and the Servants that attend his Person, and are Sons of his Noblemen; the third for the Cooks, who are two great Men and his Relations; and the under-Cooks who are also Men of Quality. None of these must be above 20 Years of Age, for till that Age, they do not believe they have to do with Women, and if any do, they are severely punished; after that time, they are preferred to great imployments: Those within Doors, are governed by a Captain, and those with∣out

by another, as formerly in Spain, the Alcalde de los Donçeles.

9. The Principal Officers about the King are, Ningomoxa Governor of the Kingdoms, Mocomoaxa, Captain General, Ambuya great Steward; to him it belongs when the Ma∣zarira or the King's Principal Wife dies, to name another in her stead, but it must be one of the King's Sisters or nearest Rela∣tions; Inbantovo, the head Musitian, who has many under him, and is a great Lord; Nurucao, Captain of the Van-guard; Bucu∣rumo, which signifies the King's Right-hand; Magande, the chief Conjurer; Netambe, the Apothecary that keeps the Ointments and utencils for Sorcery; Nebono, chief Porter. All these Offices are executed by Lords; there is no delicacy in Cookery used; they only Eat boyl'd and roasted, they Eat the same as is usual among us, with the addition of mice, which they esteem as good as Par∣tridge or Rabbet.

10. The King has many Wives, only nine called great Queens, which are his Sisters, or near Relations; the others the Daugh∣ters of Nobles. The chiefest is called Ma∣zarira, and Mother of the Portugueses, who often present her, because she sollicites their business with the King; and he sends no Embassador to them without some Servant of hers; the second is Inahanda, that sol∣licites for the Moors; the third Nabuiza that lives in the same Apartment with him; the fourth Navemba; the fifth Nemangore; the sixth Nizingoapangi; the seventh Ne∣mongoro;

the eight Nessani; the ninth Neca∣runda, each of them lives apart, with as great state as the King, and have several Re∣venues and Kingdoms for their expence. As soon as one dies, another succeeds in place and name; they have power to reward and punish, as well as the King; sometimes he goes to them, sometimes they come to him; there are many Women waiting on them, of whom he makes use as he pleases.

11. The Principal People of Monomotapa, and whereof the Emperor is, are the Moca∣rangi, not warlike, nor furnished with any other Arms, but Bows, Arrows, and Jave∣lines; they have no Religion nor Idols, but acknowledge one only God, and believe there is a Devil, that he is wicked, and they call him Muzuco: They believe their Kings go to Heaven, and call them Muzimos, and call upon them in time of need, as we on the Saints. They speak of things past by tra∣dition, having no knowledge of Letters. They give Ear to the Doctrine of Christi∣anity; the lame and blind they call the King's Poor, because maintained by him with great Charity; and if they travel, the Towns they go through are obliged to maintain and fur∣nish them guides from one place to another. A good example for Christians.

12. Every Month has its Festival Days, and is divided into three Weeks, each of 10 Days; the first Day is that of the New-Moon, and the Festivals the fourth and fifth of each Week: On these Days they put on their best Apparel, the King gives publick

Audience to all, holding a Truncheon about three quarters of a Yard long in each hand, as it were leaning upon it; they who speak to him lye prostrate, this lasts from Morn∣ing till Evening: If he is indisposed, Ningo∣moxa stands in his place, no body can speak to him, or go to Court, on the 8th Day of the New-Moon, because it is held most un∣lucky.

13. On the Day the New-Moon appears, the King with two Javelins runs about in his House, as if he were Fighting, the great Men are present at this pastime, and it being ended, a pot full of Indian wheat, boyled whole, is brought, which he scatters about the Ground, bidding them Eat, because it is the growth of the Earth; they know how to flatter, for every one strives to gather most, knowing that pleases him, and they Eat it as savourly, as if it were the great∣est dainty.

14. Their greatest Holy-day, is the first Day of the Moon of May, they call it Chu∣avo: On this Day all the great Men, which are a vast number, resort to Court, and there with Javelins in their Hands run about repre∣senting a Fight; the sport lasts all Day, then the King withdraws, and is not seen in eight Days after, during which time, the Drums never cease beating. On the last Day he orders the Nobleman he has the least affecti∣on for to be killed; this is in the nature of a Sacrifice he offers to his Muzimos, or An∣cestors; this done, the Drums cease, and every Man goes home. The Mumbos Eat

Man's flesh, whereof there is a Publick Butchery. Let this suffice for the Customs of this Empire, for it would be endless to re∣late all.

CHAP. XVI.

Continues the Government of Francis Bar∣reto in Monomotapa.

1. SUch was the Country whether the Go∣vernour Francis Barreto was now going, he set out from Mozambique with more Ves∣sels than he brought and more Men, Tools, Camels, Horses, and other necessaries for War, and for the work of the Mines; hav∣ing Sailed Ninety Leagues, he went up the River Cuama, called by our first discoverer De las buenas sennales, he came to Sena, or Fort St. Marcalis, as F. Monclaros desired, and repaired the Town Inaparapala, which is near to another of the Moors, they being always professed Enemies to the Christians, began to undermine our designs, as they had formerly done in India; they attempted to poyson our Army, and some Men and Horses began to Die, and the cause being disco∣vered by one of them, they were all put to the Sword, and the Chief of them torn to pieces at the mouths of Guns, except one (called Mahomet Iame) who affirming the Blessed Virgin had appeared to him, and

commanded him to become a Christian, by the name of Lawrence; he had the favour to be strangled. The discoverer was par∣doned.

2. Barreto sent an Embassador to the Em∣peror, who for the more honour admitted him to his Presence, not as other Embassa∣dors were treated at this Court, which is to go without Arms, bare-footed, on their Knees, and when they come near, prostrating them∣selves on the ground. The effect of the Embassy was to desire leave to punish the King of Mongas who was in Rebellion, and go on to the Mines of Butua and Manchica: The first part was a piece of flattery, to obtain the second, because the Lands of Mongas lie between Sena and the Mines, and it was necessary to make way with the Sword. He consented to all, and offered One hun∣dred thousand Men; Bareto accepted not of them, because he would give him no share in the Honour gained in that War, and thinking thereby to oblige him the more.

3. He marched ten Days with Twenty three Horse, and Five hundred and sixty Musquetiers, (enduring much by Hunger and Thirst) for the most part along the River Zambeze, over whose most rapid stream hang pieces of the high Mountain Lupata, ninety Leagues distant from the Ethiopian Sea. At the end of this tedious march, they began to discover part of the Enemy, and soon after saw the-Mountains and Valleys covered with Arm'd Men, the Governor was not daunted, seeing it was

hard to discover the end of that multitude, he drew up, and gave the Van to Vasco Fer∣nando Homem, he had the Rear, and between the bodies was the baggage, and some Field pieces; when they came to charge, he re∣moved the Canon to the Front and Flanks, the two unequal bodies advanced, the Ene∣my in the sorm of a half-Moon; before they engaged, an old Woman advanced and scat∣tered some Powder towards our Men, having perswaded the Enemy (she was a notorious Witch) that that Powder alone would gain the Victory.

4. Barreto understanding the superstition, having seen t•…•…e like in India, ordered a Gun∣ner to level a •…•…iece at her; which was so well performed, the old Woman was torn to pieces; the Cafres were astonished, be∣lieving her immortal. Barreto rewarded the Gunner with a Gold Chain; the Enemy ad∣vance without order, either through igno∣rance, or relying on their multitude, and clouds of Arrows and Darts begin to fly, but our Musquetiers killing them by Hun∣dreds, they turned their backs, many were killed in the pursuit, and then our Men or∣dered to halt; the Governor marches to the City Mongas, and meets another multitude like the former, which in like manner was put to flight, above Six thousand Cafres were slain, and two of our Men, and the Gover∣nor was sorced to alight and lead his Men; the City was entered without opposition, being abandoned, our Men entrench'd, and in the Morning discovered an Army as great

as both the former; the Cafres were again routed, and beg'd peace in the King's name. The Governor received the Messenger with such Majesty, that he was astonished, and could not speak; being come to himself, and having delivered his Message, Barreto promised he would see the King, and mat ters should be adjusted.

5. The next Day our Men marched and incamped in a convenient place where Em∣bassadors came from the King to treat of Peace. It happened one of our Camels broke loose and came so near the Gover∣nor, that he stoped him till they came up that were in pursuit of him; •…•…e Cafres hav∣ing never seen such a Beast, admired it stop∣ped at the Governor, thinking it some sub∣mission it made to him, and began to ask some questions. He making his advantage of their ignorance, told them, he had many of those Beasts that only fed upon Man's flesh, and having devoured all that were killed, that Beast came from the rest to desire he would not make Peace, because they would come to want Food; they astonished hereat, earnestly intreated him, he would desire the Camels to be satisfied with good Beef, and they would instantly bring them a great number. He granted their request, and marched on. He was in great distress for Pro∣vision when news came his presence was re∣quired at Mocambique. He gave the Com∣mand of the Forces to Vasco, and departed•…•… The cause was this,

6. Antony Pereyra Brandam, who at the Molucos had committed Crimes that deserved the severest punishment, in Portugal was con∣demned to banishment into Africk; he de∣sired the Governor he might be permitted to go with him to Monomotapa; he did it, and being come to Moçambique, gave him the Command of that Fort. Brandam, though Eighty Years of Age, and under such obli∣gations, resolved to secure himself in the Fort, and defame Francis Barreto with false informations sent to the King: the Original Papers fell into the Governor's Hands, who being come to Moçambique, showed them to him, and he falling down and kissing his Feet begg'd Pardon; Barreto lifted up and forgave him, then giving the Command of the Fort to Laurence Godino, returned to prosecute his design.

7. Our Governor being come to the Fort of Sena, F. Monclaros came out in a great rage to tell him, he should desist from that Conquest, with which he had imposed upon the King, that no more Men might be lost, for he should be answerable to God for what had, and should die. It was most certain, Barreto was not the promoter of that Con∣quest, and Monclaros was in fault for all the miscarriage that had been committed; Bar∣reto took this insolence so much to Heart, that he died within two Days without any other Sickness, breathing out his Soul in sighs. Doubtless the Jesuit had more to an∣swer for his death, than he, for the miscarri∣ages the Jesuit was guilty of.

8. King Sebastian much resented this loss, and particularly expressed it by the honou∣rable Reception he made to his Body when brought to Lisbon. So this great Man ha∣ving escaped so many Bullets among the In∣dians, so many Darts and Arrows among the Cafres, and the Malice of a Villain, fell by the Words of a religious Man.

CHAP. XVII.

The Government of Vasco Fernandez Ho∣mem in Monomotapa, in the Reign of King Sebastian.

1. THE Governor Francis Barreto being dead, an order of the King's found among his Papers was opened, by which Vasco Fernândez Homem his Major, was ap∣pointed to succeed him. The Perswasions of F. Monclaros, who now disliked the Conquest, so far prevailed with him, that forgetting his Duty he returned to Moçambique. There some understanding Persons, and chiefly Francis Pinto Pimentel his Kinsman, repre∣sented this Affair in such manner to him, that he returned to Monomotapa. Being now delivered of that religious Man, who went away to Portugal, he set out by the way of Zofala, as Francis Barreto would have done, that being the properest Road for the De∣sign in hand: He marched directly towards

the Mines of Manchica of the Kingdom Chi∣canga, bordering by the Inland with that of Quiteyve, the next in Power to Monomotapa. With him was the same number of Men, and sorts of Instruments his Predecessor had. To oblige the King of Quiteyve, he Com∣plemented and sent him Presents, and tho' these are the most efficacious means to make all things easie, that Prince grew so jealous of these Solicitations, that he received all very coldly.

2. The Governor not making much ac∣count of his Answer, marched into his King∣dom. Several Bodies of Cafres attempted to stop his Passage, but were routed with great slaughter. The King seeing he did not prevail by force of Arms, had recourse to Policy. He caused all the People and Provisions to be withdrawn from the Towns and Country, so that our Men suffered ex∣tream want till they came to Zimbaoe his Court, whence he was fled, and had forti∣fied himself in inaccessible Mountains. Vasco burnt the City, and marched on to Chicanga, the King whereof rather through fear than love, received him with exterior signs of Affection, and gave him free passage to the Mines. Our Men marched to them, many believing they should gather Gold by hand∣fuls; but seeing the Natives with much dif∣ficulty gather'd but little in a long time, and not being expert at that work, and that to make any thing of it, more Men and Ma∣terials were requisite, they return'd the

way they came, and parted Friends with that King.

3. Though they obtained not what was sought this way, yet the ease wherewith they came to the place designed, evinced how great an Error it was to impose F. Monclaros as Director to the late Governor, who, only to follow his own extravagant Humour, lead him a way so dangerous and tedious. Vasco returned to Quiteyve, and that King did now for fear what he refused before, permitting the Portugueses to march to the Mines of Maninnas, only upon con∣dition they should pay him Twenty Crowns yearly. Vasco passed thence to the Kingdom of Chicova, bordering upon Monomotapa to the Norward along the Inland. The cause of undertaking this March was, the Account he had of rich Silver Mines. Having en∣camped, he ask the Cafres for the Mines and they seeing it was in vain to resist, and fearing the discovery of the Mines would be their Ruine, scattering some Ore far enough from the Mines, shewed it, telling them, there they were.

4. By this means the Cafres got time to escape; for our Men giving credit to them let them go, perhaps not desiring they should see what Treasure they got. The Governor caused all round about to be dug, and after much labour it was no wonder he did not find what was not there. Provision growing scarce, and finding no Fruit of his Labour, he marched away, leaving Captain Antony Cardoso de Almeyda with Two hun∣dred

Men, and Necessaries to continue there some Days, to examine into the Truth of that so much coveted Corner of the Earth.

5. Vasco being gone, Cardoso suffered him∣self to be again deceived by the Cafres, who had before imposed upon him. They of∣fered, since he could not find a Vein there, they would show him a place where he might; and leading him the way of Death rather than that of the Mines, killed him and all his Men, after they had defended themselves with incredible Bravery. This may convince those who affirm, numbers of Cafres would fly from a Gun, as not having before seen them, since here Two hundred Men fighting with them for their lives, were all slain by their Darts and Arrows.

6. This was the end of that Govern∣ment, scarce begun sooner than ended, and possest by two Governors, who no sooner saw, but they lost it. The first killed by rash words, the second expelled by a pru∣dent, not barbarous, Stratagem. However the Peace and Trade with the Emperor of Monomatapa continued. These Actions of Francis Barreto and Vasco Fernandez Homem, were in the time of the Government of D. Luis de Ataide, D. Antony de Noronna, and Antony Moniz Barreto; but we could never exactly find when the first died, and the last desisted.

CHAP. XVIII.

Of the Viceroy Ruy Lorenco de Tavora, and the Government of D. James de Meneses, from the Year 1576 till 1578, in the Reign of King Sebastian.

1. IN the beginning of this Year sailed * 1.7 from Lisbon Ruy Lorenço de Tavora, to succeed Antony Moniz Barreto, with the Title of Viceroy of India, and four Ships: He died at Moçambique, and was the first that came short, being appointed for that Government. The Ships arriving at Goa, the Royal Patents of Succession were open∣ed, and D. Iames de Meneses there present was the Person named in the first. So he was rather Successor to Antony Moniz, than Ruy Lorenço. However, since he was de∣signed for it, we will reckon Tavora the Twelfth of the Viceroy's, and Twenty∣seventh of Governors, and First of the Name and Sirname.

2. D. Iames de Meneses having held this Command near two Years, there is no doubt but there happened more remarkable Passages than I heer relate, but I could find no more, having used all possible endeavours to get some farther Memoirs of his Time. Certain it is there are some, but our Portu∣gues Gentlemen, though they make no use of, keep them as close as Misers do their

Treasure. The little I could gather is thus:

3. As soon as D. Iames took upon him the Government, he fitted out several Squa∣drons for the usual purposes. At that time some Captains were upon the Northern Coast upon their own account, as D. Hie∣rome Mascarennas, D. Iames and D. Antony de Silveyra Brothers, and Francis Pessoa. They anker'd in the River of Dabul, that City being then at Peace with us, and were re∣ceived by the Tanadar Melique Tocan with feigned kindness. He proferred to furnish them with what they wanted, and invited them home to dine with him, having Men ready to murder them in the height of their Merriment. All things succeeded as he de∣sired, for they put themselves into his Power unarmed, except Mascarennas, who forbo∣ding some Treachery stayed in the River. Those that accepted the invitation were killed, except a few who fled to the Shore, and the Murderers after them had like to have entred Mascarennas his Vessel, but that he and those few that were with him laying hold of Arms repulsed the bloody Assassins. Mascarennas carried the news of this Disaster to Goa.

5. Towards the end of this Year arrived * 1.8 the Ships that sailed from Lisbon the be∣ginning of it; they were six in number, two set out first under Mathias de Albuquerque, appointed to Command at Malaca, and four after.

5. As soon as the Governor was informed by D. Hierome de Mascarennas of the Villainy committed by the Tanadar of Dabul, he di∣spatched D. Peter de Meneses with a small Squa∣dron to Revenge that wrong, ordering him to lay wait for the Ships of Meca, and do all the Mischief he could on the Coast subject to Hidalcan. Meneses met two great Ships of M•…•…ca, and after a sharp dispute forced them a Shoar, where the Sea running high they beat to pieces. This was the posture of Affairs when in August arrived D. Luis de Ataide Count de Atouguia, to take upon him that Government the second time, which D. Iames de Meneses then quitted, having been the Twenty-eighth Governor, the Se∣cond of the Name, and Third of the Sir∣name.

CHAP. XIX.

The Count D. Luis de Ataide is the Se∣cond time Viceroy of India; he set out in the Year 1577, and Governs till 1581, and is the last sent out by King Sebastian.

1. WHEN King Sebastian had resol∣ved (though he designed better) to bury the Glory of his Kingdom in the Sands of Africk, he appointed D. Luis de Ataide Count de Atouguia, General of his Forces: But soon after, not able to conform his Youthful Heat to the prudent Circum∣spection of the Count, that he might have a plausible Colour for removing him, he a∣gain constituted him Viceroy of India, pre∣tending there was need of such a Man there; as if he had not much more need of his Con∣duct himself.

2. The Count well understood the drift of this Change, but not willing to disgust the King, took no notice of it. He desired to have along with him Nunno Vello Pereyra, a Man more Expert than Fortunate in Military and Sea Affairs, as will appear hereafter, and Iohn Alvarez Suarez, a Man versed in the Revenue, and who had given good Proof of his Courage, as was related in the Siege of Chaul. D. Luis had a pro∣sperous Voyage, and was received at Goa with great Joy.

3. His arrival at Goa was about the end of August: The first thing he did after re∣ceiving the Sword, was the spreading the News that King Sabastian would infallibly that Year go over into Africk, where he was already killed when this was given out. The Viceroy foreseeing that disaster, and the ill Consequences might arise from it, fitted out such a mighty Fleet, as struck a Terror in∣to all the neighbouring Princes, who mea∣sure their own safety by our Power. The design of this Fleet he never revealed to any Man.

4. Amidst these greater Cares he forgot not the less, but sent Supplies to D. Peter de Meneses to enable him to act the more vi∣gorously against Melique the Tanadar of Dabul. The Viceroy in Person carried on the War against Hidalcan along the River of Goa, whether his Dominions extended; and he no longer able to endure it, proposed a Peace, promising the Traytor Melique should be for ever banished Dabul, and all his Dominions. The Peace was concluded, and our Forces withdrew. At that time ar∣rived at Goa three Ships from Portugal, and were the last sent sent by King Sebastian. When these came to India, two Caravels set out from Lisbon with the News of the King's Death, one bound for Goa, the other for Malaca.

5. Henry the Cardinal succeeded in the Throne, and from amidst those Ruines di∣spatched five Ships for India, fearing lest the loss of King Sebastian being known, new

Troubles might arise, if those Dominions were not timely supplied.

5. The Viceroy understanding that Me∣lique Tocan, contrary to the Articles of the Peace concluded the Year before, continued at Dabul publickly exercising his Office, and was ready to Launch a great Ship to Trade to Meca, he resolved to show how much he resented that wrong, and to that purpose sent thither D. Paul de Lima Pereyra with ten Sail.

7. D. Paul coming to the Mouth of the River found all the Shore fortified, and a great number of Cannon planted in all conve∣nient Places: He forces his way in through all the Batteries, and sees Six thousand Horse, and great number of Foot covering the Shore, and pouring showers of Bullets and Arrows upon him; nevertheless he at∣tempts to burn two Ships belonging to Hi∣dalcan, but finding it impossible to come at them for the number of the Enemy's Cannon, he runs up the River, and spent some days in burning all the Towns along the Coast.

8. The Enemy calls in to their Aid Car∣tale and Mandaviray, two Malabar Pyrats who were in the Sea of Chaul with five Gal∣liots: To these Melique joins other five Sail he had ready with Five hundred Turks, Per∣sians, and other resolute Men. The Shore was cover'd with People that came to see this Action. D. Paul prepared to receive them, and after the Discharge of the Can∣non they came up board and board, and hand to hand.

9. D. Paul boarded the first Galliot, they were ten to ten, though the Enemy had the advantage of the bigness of the Vessels and number of Men; but our Captains following the Example of their Admiral, behaved themselves so bravely, that only one of the Enemy's Galliots escaped, the rest were all taken. We lost but two or three Men in this Action, which was as fortunate as any we perform'd in Asia.

10. Having taken this Revenge of Melique for his Crime, and of Hidalcan for winking at it, D. Paul sailed out of the River through the same Dangers he came in, losing one Man. Being come to Goa with Nineteen Sail, whereas he went thence with only Ten; the Viceroy came out to receive him, and in the hearing of all that were present, said, What is it you mean, D. Paul, will you with such Acts of Bravery provoke my Envy to poison you? Thus Heroes praise great Men, and at the same time upbraid those who enviously Rail at noble Actions.

11. The Emperor of Ceylon had some time since by his Ambassadors desired King Iohn III. to send him some Religious Men of the Order of St. Francis, to instruct him in the Christian Religion: They being come to him he recanted. F. Iohn de Villa de Conde was this Year at his Court, and had several times confuted the Bramenes disputing of Religion. Yet they refusing to yield them∣selves overcome, he offer'd with a lively Faith, that he and one of them should be cast into a River full of great Crocodiles, or

into a great Fire, and that his Religion, who came out unhurt, should be allowed to be the true. They refused, and the Franciscan im∣mediately reaped the Fruit of this Victory, baptising D. Iohn Parea Pandar King of Cota, in the same Island.

12. The Kingdom of Angola is near Mo∣nomotapa, whereof we lately spoke, and therefore will relate what happened there this Year, because it is a remarkable Passage. Paul Diaz undertook to War with that King, who had treacherously kill'd a number of our Men: This Captain with only two Galleys did Wonders on the Banks of the River Co∣anza, till he fortified himself in an Island formed by this and the River Lucula. Then joining the King of Congo and other Princes with only 150 Portugueses he several times defeated the Enemy. But the most remark∣able is the Battle wherein that King had a Million of Men, which were put to flight in such Confusion they kill'd one another.

13. At the beginning of this Year, when the Ships sailed for India, our Kingdom, by the Death of the old Cardinal, King Henry, was under the Direction of five Governors, who dispatched them. They were four, whereof one was forc'd back to Lisbon, the last sent under a Portugues Government, and the last our Viceroy saw: For he having done no more than what is related, or if he did, having left no memory of it, died the beginning of the Year, having in some man∣ner foretold it For some time before leave being asked of him to bury his Cousin Antony

Rotello by his Brother D. Iohn de Ataide, he refused it, saying, He had long since designed that place for himself.

14. At the end of his first Government something was said of his Qualities and Merit, and I have referred it to this place to speak of his undaunted Courage, as a virtue most peculiar to him. Some Proof of it has been given in the former Part of his Life, I will now give another Instance. At the attack (as I think) of Onor he sailed in a Brigantine, sitting on a Chair, and a famous Musician by him playing upon a Harp. The Enemy's Cannon from the Fort reached the Vessels, and grated the Musicians Ear; D. Luis, who was pleased to hear the Musick, seeing him give over, as if he had not seen the Cause, asked him, why he left off; the Musician told him; and he stretching out his hand, said, I pray let nothing disturb thee, go on with that Tune, for it is a very good one.

15. One of the Gentlemen that were standing behind him, seeing this was too great a Contempt of Danger, said, Tell that Man, if he happens to be killed, all will be lost: And another answer'd, Do not tell him so; for if he be killed, here are Men enough fit to suc∣ceed him.

16. D. Luis this second time govern'd the Term of two Years and seven Months, and may be reckoned in the number of Viceroys the Thirteenth, in that of Governors the Twenty-ninth; the First of the Name and Sirname.

CHAP. XX.

The Government of Ferdinand Tellez de Meneses, who was named by the Go∣vernors of Portugal, upon the Decease of the Cardinal King Henry, in the Year 1581.

1. THE Ships dispatched by the Gover∣nors of Portugal the last Year, car∣ried new Patents of Succession. In the first was named Ferdinand Tellez de Meneses. The Bishop of Malaca, D. Iohn Ribeyro Gayo, was President at this Ceremony, which was celebrated with such Demonstrations of Joy, as if there had been no Memory of their fresh Subjects of Tears.

2. Whilst the Affairs of Portugal were in this miserable Condition, those in the King∣dom of Visapor were no better, the Succes∣sion being uncertain upon the decease of Hidalcan, who died without Heirs in the 23d Year of his Reign, and 50th of his Age. He studied less to have Wives to get Chil∣dren, than young Men instead of Wives. A Youth of 18 Years of Age, who had more Honour than to consent to such Baseness, killed him as he was endeavouring to allure him to his brutal Appetite. Abraham, Son of Xatamas, one of two Brothers not long before slain by him, succeeded in the Throne. Qui•…•…balechan, a powerful Man, conspiring

with others, enters Visapor with Forces, and seizes that Prince. Not long after the E∣thiopians (who are the Guard of those Prin∣ces) did the same under three Heads, chose by themselves to this purpose, who were Acalachan, Armichan, and Delarnachan. This last secures the other two, and takes all the Power into his own hands. Our Governor kept a watchful Eye over all these Proceed∣ings, knowing the Happiness of our Af∣fairs, depended much upon the Event of those.

3. At this time were brought to India new Instructions from the Governors of Portugal, and Philip the Second then sworn King, and First of the Name there. The Governor was order'd to tender the Oath there. Fer∣dinand Tellez performed the Ceremony with great Solemnity in the Church of Goa on the third of September.

4. The Captains then commanding our Forts there were at Goa, D. Tristan de Meneses; at Zofala and Moçambique, D. Peter de Castro; at Ormuz, D. Gonzalo de Meneses; at Damam, Martin Alfonso de Melo; at Baçaim, D. Ema∣nuel de Almada; at Chaul, D. Ferdinand de Castro; at Cananor, George Toscano; at Cochim, D. George de Meneses Baroche; at Columbo, Emanuel de Sousa Coutinno; at Tidore, Iames de Azambuja; and at Malaca D. Iohn de Gama.

5. The Governor understanding that four Galliots of Malabar Pyrats were harboured in some of the Rivers about Goa, immedi∣ately

sent Mathias de Albuquerque with ten small Merchant Ships that were the readiest at hand, after them. He found them in the River Carapatan; three of our Vessels that were foremost falling violently upon them, forced the Malabars to leap into the Water, and by that time Albuquerque came up, each of them had taken one.

6. There were at Mazulopatan two Ships of the bigness of ours that Trade to India; one belonging to the King of Achem, loaded with Ammunition, design'd, as was believed, against Malaca; the other to the King of Pegu richly loaden. The Governor sent Gonçalo Vaz de Camoens with four Ships to seize upon them: The first of the two had notice of it, and went off, and Gonçalo Vaz being informed of the great Force of the other, by the consent of his Men left that Design, and went over to the Coast of Pegu, where the Malabar Pyrats took one of his Ships Commanded by Francis Serram, and a Galliot of Ferdinand de Lima. They came to the Mouth of the River Negraes, just at such time as the Ship they feared to En∣counter at Mazulapatan was entring. They could not in Honour avoid engaging her, though they were but two Galliots: After a desperate Fight, which lasted al∣most two days, the Ship was sunk, our Men having first rifled her with such covetous∣ness, that our Vessels had sunk, had not the Captain thrown many of the Goods over∣board.

7. The Galliots setting out again, were for some time carried about by the Wea∣ther, it being the beginning of Winter, till about the place where they sunk the Ship, they discover'd the Prince of Fegu with a Fleet of 1300 Sail, design'd for the Con∣quest of the Kingdom of Arracam. The Prince desired to meet with these Galliots, having advice they were thereabouts, and that his Father would be as much pleased with taking of them, as the Conquest of that Kingdom. Sixteen of the best Sailers ad∣vancing, began to play their Cannon, and were as well answer'd, till they came to Board. After a sharp Engagement, three of the Ene∣my's Ships were disabled, some entred, many Prisoners and 18 Pieces of Cannon taken; then our Men seeing all that Multitude was coming upon them, making all the Sail they could and plying their Oars, got into the Port of Arracam. The King rejoycing for the share he had in this Success, and well pleased that Gonçalo Vaz made him a present of some of his Subjects taken in the great Ships, gave liberty to some Portugueses he had long kept in Prison.

8. About this time three Turkish Gallies set out of the Port at Moca, sent by the Bassa Mirazenam to plunder Moscate, having Intelligence from Moors living there; that the Town was Rich, and unprovided of De∣fence. Alibec, a Turk, used to Robbing undertook this Design. Mirazenam was born at Otranto of Christian Parents, and was Go∣vernor

of all that Part of Arabia Felix and Pe∣trea, which the Natives call Ayaman, he resided in the City Cana, the Center of Arabia Felix. 60 Leagues North of Moca, and as many from Xael. Cana is built upon a Hill, encompas∣sed with a good Wall, and thought to be the Foundation of Cham the Son of Noah, and to have been the Court of the famous Queen of Saba. The Province is most fruit∣ful, called by the Ancients, Siria Mumifera, because it produces Frankincense, Myrrh, and Storax.

9. Alibec being before Mascate, landed his Men, ordering those that remained in the Galleys to enter the Port, and as soon as they were in to play their Cannon furiously, that so the Inhabitants being imployed on that side, he might come in upon their Backs. It succeeded as he desired; for most Men saved themselves by flight, but few their Goods, and he in an instant entred and plundred the Town. Iames Machado going out to bury some Treasure, was killed, and himself and Money deprived of Burial.

10. Let us in some manner describe the situation of this Town: Extend the right Hand with the Palm of it down, stretch out the Thumb from the fore-finger, and sepa∣rate that from the middle Finger, keep that close to the other two. The space be∣tween the middle and fore-fingers, is a Bay called Seabo, running up as the hand repre∣sents. The distance between the Thumb and Fore-finger is another Bay, not so deep, along the Shore whereof the Town is bailt,

shut in by two Mountains; one rises at the point of Seabo next that part where the three Fingers are together, it has only one Path that leads to Mascate so narrow, that two Men cannot pass it a-breast. This way Alibec come into the Town, no Body imagi∣ning he would attempt it, for four Men with one Cannon might maintain it against the Universe.

11. Let us not deny any Man the Honour that is due to him: They that fled from Ma∣scate to Mataro, a Town a League distant, not thinking themselves safe there went to Bru∣xel, a Fort four Leagues up the Inland, belonging to Catani, Head of a Hord of A∣rabs. This place at that time was com∣manded by an Officer of his, a Man so Just and Honourable, that hearing the Misfor∣tune of those People who came to him for Refuge, (for in great Dangers the lesser is a Refuge) he went out to receive, comfort, and entertain them. This was much, but what follows is more; His Men seeing the Portugueses come loaded with Riches, advi∣sed him to make use of that Opportunity, and not show too much Weakness or Pity. And he fearing, lest Covetousness should make them Disobedient, laboured with soft Expres∣sions and sweet Words, to disswade them from their wicked Design.

12. They all submitted themselves to their Officer's Reasons, and, with kind Usage, much comforted the Disconsolate Portu∣gueses, who continued there till Alibec be∣ing gone, they returned to Mascate, al∣ways

relating and admiring how honour∣ably that Moor treated them, without suf∣fering the least wrong to be offered to their Persons or Goods.

13. The News of the Ruine of Mascate being brought to Ormuz, The Commander, D. Gonçalo de Meneses caused the Gallies to be closely watched, and Ships to be fitted out immediately to follow them. He made Luis de Almeyda Commander in chief, gi∣ving him a Galleon, a Galley, and six other vessels, with Four hundred good Men. But he not observing the Orders of Meneses that were to follow the Galleys, fell into the Coast of the Naytaques, where they in∣tended to Surprize the beautiful and rich City Pesani. But Francis Machado having given the Alarm, by falling upon some Peo∣ple that were passing in two Boats, the In∣habitants all fled.

14. They plundered the City without Honour or Danger, and after burnt it and near Fifty Sail that were in the Bay. The very same Fate attended the City Guadel, not inferior to Pesani, and that of Teis of the Abindos, a barbarous and fierce Nation, the last of Gedrosia, on the Banks of the Ri∣ver Calamen, the People of it join with the Naytaques in their Piracies.

15. All these Things were begun, though not absolutely transacted, when D. Francis de Mascarennas arrived in India with the Title of Viceroy, being the first sent by our first King Philip, who was second of

Spain. Ferdinand Tellez left the Govern∣ment in a peaceable Condition, and the Sea of Goa well furnished with good Ships. He was the last Governor appointed by the Portugues Authority, in Number the Thir∣tieth, held it Six Months, the First of the Name, and Fourth of the Sirname.

The End of the Third Part.

Notes

• * 1.1

  1564▪
• * 1.2

  1567.
• * 1.3

  1569.
• * 1.4

  1570.
• * 1.5

  1573▪
• * 1.6

  1575.
• * 1.7

  1575.
• * 1.8

  1577.