The Portugues Asia, or, The history of the discovery and conquest of India by the Portugues containing all their discoveries from the coast of Africk, to the farthest parts of China and Japan, all their battels by sea and land, sieges and other memorable actions, a description of those countries, and many particulars of the religion, government and customs of the natives, &c. : in three tomes / written in Spanish by Manuel de Faria y Sousa ... ; translated into English by Cap. John Stevens.

THE PORTUGUES ASIA. TOM. III. PART III. (Book 3)

CHAP. I.

The Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo, from the Year 1612, till 1617.

1. AT the end of last Year came to India the King's Orders for D. Hierome de Azevedo to succeed Ruy Lorenço de Tavora as Viceroy. This Gentleman had purchased a great Name by many Years service, and chiefly by 18 spent in Ceylon, a Thing rare for one who had also gathered great Riches. Not that Riches make a Man incapable of a good Name, but because commonly the means of acquiring them contribute much to stain it. The Fame of his Substance contributed as much as that of his Valour t•…•… his Promotion

to this Employment, it being thought, that he who had so much, would be less guilty of those Crimes that proceed from Avarice; whereas Experience teaches, that those who have most covet most. But D. Hierome had offered to accept of that Post without the usual Salary, yet afterwards he received it, making that a Crime by breaking his Pro∣mise, which had been none if not offered.

2. On Christmas Eve Ruy Lorenço de Tavora delivered him the Sword; and the first thing he did, was to forbid the payment of Debts contracted by his Predecessor, who resolved not to depart India till the payment of them was secured, as well for his own Reputation, as in respect no Viceroy for the future would be able to get any Money advanced upon the urgent Necessities of the State, if that ill Precedent was given, and his Debts were all on the account of the Publick. At length it was concluded, they should be paid as Tavora had ordered. The next Action of the Vice∣roy was to dispatch Danisbeque Sedesable Em∣bassador from Abas the Xa or King of Persia, who falsly courted the Friendship of all those Princes he designed to spoil, promising each great Advantages, and stirring them up one against the other. Thus he Treated with King Philip in Spain, and King Iames in Eng∣land, which he found most suitable to his Designs. Thus he had taken the Island Ba∣harem, and strove to possess himself of Or∣muz.

3. Danisbeque was returned from Spain with the Answer of his Embassy; and be∣sides, what the King had given him in return for a Present of Silks he carried, the Vice∣roy had Orders to add something at his dis∣cretion. He added the value of 12000 Crowns in Spice, which in Persia was worth much more; and having nobly entertained him, sent away with him D. F. Antony de Gouvea Bishop of Sirene, who also came from Spain, and went to propogate Chri∣stianity, which had but a slender beginning there. The Bishop went no farther than Ormuz, for the Persians being already ill∣affected towards him, he feared it would be worse when the Embassador had delivered his Answer. So it happened, for the King finding the Embassador brought not the Re∣turn he expected, caused him to be killed, and obliged 6000 Armenians to renounce the Faith.

4. The Viceroy as well versed in the Af∣fairs of Ceylon, gave the necessary Orders for its preservation, recommending the put∣ting them in execution to Antony Vaz Feyre, Surveyor of the Revenue in that Island. Antony Pinto de Fonseca, who had served well in Flanders, and was now Visitor of the Forts in India, with the Viceroy's Leave went to perform the Duties of his Employ, D. Henry de Noronna being confirmed in the Command of the Coast of Malabar given him by Ruy Lorenço, united the Kings of Vanguel, Sierra, and Carnate, against Venta∣panaique, on pretence of their safety; where∣as

indeed it was to secure our selves against him, in whose Dominions we held Braçalor and Onor.

5. This done, D. Henry steered for the Coast of Malabar with 28 Sail. Andrew Coello was sent by the late Governour with 3 Ships to relieve Palicate and Siriam, and being now driven by stress of Weather to Columbo, they were beaten to pieces on that Coast, but the Men saved.

6. When D. Hierome came from Ceylon to be Viceroy, he gave the supream Command there to Fran. Rojo, a Man of unknown Birth, but noted Valour, and by his Courage had attained to the greatest Preferments. It was since found, that he was of the Family of Meneses, as being Son to D. Iames Count de Ericeyra, and Grandson to D. Henry de Me∣neses, who was Governour of India.

7. This D. Francis de Meneses Rojo being General in that Island, and understanding the King of Candea lay before the Fort of Balane, and the Commander Emanuel Falcam was in some •…•…anger, he instantly set out with a very small number, spreading his Orders for all Men to follow, and marched •…•…o Leagues afoot that day. In three he reached Balane, and the King at the sight of him raised the Siege. D. Francis relieved the Fort, and returned with Glory to his Quarters, destroying all the Enemy's Coun∣try.

8. The Tanadar of Chaul meditating Re∣venge for the Losses he had sustained by us the last Year, hired some Moors Naytia's

that lived in Caranja, and were free with the Portugueses to kill Baltasar Rabello de Al∣meyda Commander of that Fort. They guided by Melique Balane, entred suddenly when he was at Supper, and killed him and a Sister-in-Law of his. This done, they shut themselves in, but the Portugueses forcing the Gates, put them all to the Sword. Fer∣dinand de Sampaio & Cunna succeeded in the Widow and Command. About the middle of April, Abascan General of the Enemy led a great Body of them to revenge the Death of the others on Caranja. He could not be prevented entring the Town, but being in disorder killing and plundering, Simon Ran∣gel with 17 Portugueses doing great Execu∣tion, began to put the Moors to flight, whilst Cunna coming on another way with few Men, they made a great slaughter. This was a warning to the Naytia's not to return to Ca∣ranja. Afterwards Cunna, not satisfied with what he had done, ravaged their Country, and brought away above 3000 Prisoners. He shewed much Generosity, when two Moors being brought to him for entring a Place for∣bid them upon pain of Death, he set them at liberty; because being asked, How they durst come thither without a safe Conduct;

one of them answered, That they had done it, relying on the Fame of his Cour∣tesie, to ransom certain Kindred of theirs.

9. Ruy Freyre de Andrade, who cruized on that Coast with a Squadron of small Ships, understanding that Nizamaluco, since the War broke out at Chaul, spread it as far as Sal∣sete

and Agacaim, he repaired thither. In a Village between Caranja and Tana, he cut off some Moors that opposed him, and put the rest to flight. Higher they discovered 500 Moors, and an Elephant with a Castle on his Back, in which were two Cannons. Twelve Soldiers landed, a Captain with 80 Horse attacking them was shot dead, our Men seeing the Enemy halt, stood some time, and then George Marino sent to chal∣lenge their Leader, but he not accepting of it they returned aboard.

10. From Tana Freyre sent some Ships to relieve the Town of Agaçaim, which being indanger'd by the Moors, run a greater ha∣zard through the discord of the Inhabitants. They were but 50 Families, yet all full of Division, and Ruy Freyre could no way re∣concile them. Every one said he was able to defend all their Houses, and all together could not defend one; for 2000 Moors soon forced them thence into the Monastery of St. Francis, shewing them how great diffe∣rence there is betwixt saying and doing, be∣tween Animosity and Discretion. Freyre carried the Women and Children to Baçaim, and then relieved Manora, passing through multitudes of Enemies who expected him ashore, and sought resolutely, insomuch that one laid hold of the Colours, on which was the Picture of the Blessed Virgin, carryed by Emanuel Ambrosio, the Moor was shot dead. He got into the Fort without losing one Man, having killed and wounded many, and after securing all things there, return∣ed

to the Mouths of the Rivers of Tana, where he behaved himself well.

11. The Affairs of Agaçaim grew worse, for fresh Troops of Melique resorting thither, Ruy Freyre was obliged to return to their assistance. At his coming he saw the Enemy was firing Iohn de Caldas his House, where he had fortified himself, and Iames Rodri∣guez Caldera, a Soldier well known for his Valour, was let down by a Rope to quench it, as he did. Freyre with much difficulty brought off those that were left, and carried them to Baçaim. There he landed, and joining the Commander of the Fort, and Men of the Northern and Diu Fleets, they pursued a Body of Moors, till it was thought fit to retire, for fear of an Ambush. A few Days after, Freyre and the Northern Squa∣dron being gone to convoy a Fleet that lay at Damam for fear of Pirats, Andrew Pereyra de Sousa with three Companies was drawn into an Ambush, and not a Man of them escaped.

12. The Moors at the upper Chaul were drawn into the like snare by D. Emanuel de Azevedo, Commander of that Place, a Man well skilled in Military Affairs, having gain∣ed Experience by several Years Service in Ceylon.

13. The Necessities of Damam, represent∣ed by the People and their Commander Nunno Alvarez Pereyra, obliged Ruy Freyre to make some stay there. The Case was, that among other Enemies the King of the Sarcetas, who lives in intricate Woods which

serve him for defence, had sent out Parties of Horse and Foot which destroyed and car∣ried away all they found in the neighbouring Villages. Freyre gathering about 200 Men from Damam, Maim and Trapor, fell upon 600 of the Enemy in their Woods and Works before Day when they were all a∣sleep, slew a great number of them, and retired with a considerable Booty, burning all that could not be carried away. Above 700 of the Enemy pursued him, but not da∣ring come too near, he retired in good Order and got into Damam with Honour.

14. D. Henry de Noronna had detached George de Castilo with some small Vessels to∣wards Cape Comori to convoy the Fleet of Turocori. There he discovered a Galliot that carried 170 Moors. Francis de Soufa Pereyra with his little Ship in which were but 16 Souldiers bore down upon her, Ca∣stillo sends two more to second him, and they discovering some Ships of Bengala, leave him to follow them. Those of the Galliot see∣ing our small Vessel forsaken, fire their Can∣non upon her, which killed three of the Men that rowed, and the rest leaped into the Sea. The Moors board her, and all our Men were either killed or taken.

15. In May, Nunno de Cunna sailed from Goa for Baçaim to succeed Ruy Dias de Sam∣payo as Admiral of the North Sea; his Squa∣dron consisted of 13 Ships, in which were 400 chosen Souldiers, designed to carry on the War against Melique, who was grown strong. By the way he had some Encounters

not considerable enough to be related, and at the City Galiana after entring the Ene∣mies Works, taking some Cannon, and kill∣ing many with the loss of one Man, was forced by a Storm to desist from his Design of burning some small Vessels.

16. Being at Baçaim he kept the Enemy in great awe, notwithstanding they had 400 Horse and as many Foot, whereas we had but 30 Horse and 160 Foot. Several were killed in Skirmishes this Winter, the number of theirs not known, on our side 40. On All Saints Day the Enemy came on through a Plain, having to distract us made a feint of coming through the Water. Their Horse having made Antony Pinto de Fonseca give way, were bogged, and our Men rally∣ing upon them, killed, and took some, put∣ting the rest to flight. Francis Tavares who carried Lope Sarmiento's Colours, stripped and wrapped them about his Arm, charging the Enemies with the Spear, till being thrown down he lay upon the Colours, so that they could not be taken from him, but the Portugueses coming into his assistance he rose, and tho' the Blood run from him, fell in again among the Moors.

17. During all this time the Moors shew∣ed such respect to the Christian Churches, as may well confound Christians themselves. The Portugueses made use of two Churches dedicated to our B. Lady, putting 50 Men into each, and tho' thence they annoyed the Enemy, yet the Moors never made one shot at them, because some of them had there

recovered their Health, making Vows which they punctually paid.

CHAP. II.

Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo, in the Year 1613.

1. IT was the fate of the Fort of Mom∣baça to have insolent Commanders. Emanuel de Melo Pereyra herein exceeded many of his Predecessors treating the King Sultan Hazen with unexpressible disrespect. The chief Promoter of the Disagreement be∣twixt Melo and the King was his Unkle Munganaje, an old Man, who, pretending much Zeal for our Affairs, aimed at the Crown. He vented his Malice one day by giving out in the Fort, the King designed to kill them all.

2. Melo resolved to attack the King's House, but he being sensible how fruitless any excuses would be, fled with the Chri∣stian Colours to the Town Quolifi of the Cafres seven Leagues distant. That People pressed him to reinthrone himself by force, but he several times withstood their Impor∣tunities.

3. At length not able to prevail upon him they marched without him, and entred the Town of the Moors, but they were all retir'd into our Fort. The Cafres not thinking

good to assault the Fort, were upon their return, when Emanuel de Melo, who obser∣ved them, pursuing and falling suddenly on them, cut off the best Part. A few days after the King returned to his House, and having excused himself to our Commander thought he was satisfied, but he only dis∣sembled his Malice, as shall appear here∣after.

4. Our Fortune in Pegn now declined with the same swiftness it had rise, and it was just a wicked encrease should have a sudden detriment. The violence committed by Philip de Brito Nicote on the King of Tangn, provoked the Anger of the King of Ova, under whose Protection he was. Scarce had he heard the News, when casting on the Ground his Gown and Veil, he vowed to the Idol Biay of Degu, he would not enter within his Gates till this Quarrel was re∣venged. He marched with 120000 Men, having put to Sea 400 Vessels of considera∣ble strength, in which were above 6000 of those Moors of noted Valour (called de Caperuça, or that wear Caps. All that was without the Walls of Siriam he burnt, but met with vigorous opposition at that Place, notwithstanding Nicote was quite unprovi∣ded, having suffered most of his Men to go for India, and being scarce of Powder, as who had fired the vast quantity of it found at Tangu. In this distress he sent a Soldier to buy Powder at Bengala, and he run away with the Money; and having sent for some to the Town of St. Thomas, they

sent him none. Besides, those few Portu∣gueses that were with him committed such Outrages, Robberies and Murders as seem∣ed to hasten his Ruine.

5. For want of Powder there was no firing of Cannon, they poured boiling Pitch and Oil upon the Enemy. His number of Men might suffice, having 100 Portugueses and 3000 Pegues. Nicote sends out three Ships against the Fleet, in one of them all the Men were slain, the two retired with all theirs wounded. The Enemy began to un∣dermine the Works, and the Besieged la∣boured much, but to small purpose. After the Siege had lasted 34 Days, Nicote sent to beg Mercy, but was not heard. He thought to prevail by the means of the King of Tangu whom he had robbed of his Crown, Riches and Liberty, but the King of Ova understood, and was resolved to punish him.

6. The King of Arraçam whom he had so grievously offended, sent 50 Sail to his As∣sistance, which were all taken by the Be∣siegers. The King of Ova gives an assault, and they fought three days without inter∣mission; the end of it was, that 700 of the Besieged were slain, one Banna whom Nicote had always honoured having betrayed him. Nicote was taken, carried to the King, and by him ordered to be impaled, and set up in an Eminence above the Fort, that he might the better look to it, as the King said. He lived two Days in that misery. His Wife De Luisa de Saldanna was kept 3

Days in the River to be cleansed, because the King designed her for himself, but being brought before, and exclaiming against him, he ordered her Leg to be bored, and that she should be sent to Ova among the other Slaves.

7. Francis-Mendez and a Nephew of his were treated as Nicote. Banna demanding a Reward was soon torn to pieces, the King saying, He could never be true to him that betrayed the Man who so much had ho∣noured him. Sebastian Rodriguez was coop∣ed up with a Yoke about his Neck. At first the King designed not to spare any of the Inhabitants of that Place, but growing calm, he sent many Slaves to Ova. Then passing by Martavam he obliged that King to kill his own Daughter's Husband, because he was Nicote's Son, that none of the Race might remain. This was the end of that Man's Avarice, who being naked a few years before, was raised to be worth 3 Millions; he had one when he went to Goa, brought another from Tangu, and had got at least another since by Prizes and Trade. The Enemy confessed they lost at that Siege 30000 Men.

8. But that it may appear that seldom any great Calamity happens without the help of a Woman, it is necessary to show how Nicote's Wife was one of the Principal Cau∣ses of his Ruin. She entertained one of his Captains as her Gallant, and perceiving the Portugueses censured their familiarity, they perswaded Nicote he had no need of them,

which was the reason they were dismissed, and that the cause of his Ruine.

9. Our Viceroy understanding the danger of Siriam, and thinking to relieve it in time, sent thither Iames de Mendoça Furtado with 5 Galliots. He had orders to act something by the way, and endeavour to strengthen himself by the addition of some other Ships and Men, which he effected not till he came to Martavam, where in the River he found a Fleet of 20 Sail, which after a sharp En∣gagement fled, except 4 that were taken with some Men, from whom he heard what had happened at Siriam, so that there was no need to go farther.

10. Nor long before this set out from Goa for China Iohn Cayado de Gamboa with 3 Gal∣leons, and was to join Michael de Sousa Pimen∣tel, who was there with 4 others to secure our China Trade against the Hollanders, who were this Year very strong in those Seas. One of the 3 Galleons was cast away near Sancham 60 Leagues from Macao, the Sea then run∣ning so high that it drowned several Towns. There were above 200 Men in that Vessel, whereof about 60 Portugueses and 80 others escaped. They chose Gonzalo Machado a noted Souldier to command them, and ha∣ving the good Fortune to be well treated, cloathed and fed by the Chineses, came to a City where they were so nobly entertained, they had almost forgot the end of their Voyage. Their common Food was three Pullets a day each, they were feasted on the River in stately Boats like Palaces with se∣veral

Apartments, and garnished with Gold. In fine, on their way thence to Macao they were attended as if they had been Chinese Colaos, or Mandarines. At the Inns they were treated with a sort of Food most plea∣sant and delicious, which afterwards they were informed was made of Toads and Worms. What chiefly they admired after this Journey was the Chastity of the Chinese Women; for tho' they are beautiful, and Beauty be inclined to Wantonness, and though our Men were long among them and familiarly entertained, yet they could never by any means prevail with any of them to yield to their Desires. At Macao they found the other two Galleons, which had escaped the Storm, having more Sea room.

11. Near the end of this Year Luis de Brito & Melo entred the Port of Goa from Cruizing in the Sea of Diu, and brought with him a rich Ship of the Mogol's that came from Meca. He took her off of Suratt, after a vigorous resistance, in which he lost some Men, and was forced to send to Ruy Freyre for aid. This provoked the Mogol to Besiege Damam, and destroy the Country about it. The King of Decan did the same about Chaul and Bacaim, at the Instigation of the Mogol, who thought to drive us out of Asia.

12. A Letter writ by D. Luis de Gama from Ormuz with more Passion than Discre∣tion, moved the Persians on the other side to gather 300 Barques, in order to take the Port of Bandel, and stop the Course of the

Water that goes to Ormuz. Ferdinand de Silva Admiral of that Sea went to quell them, and as he ingaged, his Powder taking fire was blown up. D. Nunno Alvarez Pereyra succeeded him, who drove them away with such slaughter, that the Xa of Persia excused himself to the viceroy, saying, that at∣tempt was made only by the Sultan of Lara.

13. Francis Lopez Calleyros brought into Malaca a Dutch Pink, that had taken a rich Portugues Ship. The News of the Hollanders taking that Prize, was the occasion of his setting out in a Ship of his own with 28 Soldiers.

14. This Year expired with great dissa∣tisfaction in India (tho' the like had happen∣ed other times) for the Ships from Portugal, which were expected with impatience, the better to oppose the English and Hollanders, were forced back to Lisbon, after having been five Months abroad; they were four.

15. D. Hierome de Almeyda returning to Portugal with the Ships of the last Year, in the Bay of St. Helena met four mighty Holland Ships. They sought with much equal Courage and Loss. The Dutch Admiral was sunk, and ours beginning to take fire Emanuel de Prado & Magallanes rowled himself upon it till he quenched it. For this Action the Command of the Fort of Mascate was given him, with the Privilege of leaving it to whom he pleased in his Will. We shall see him here∣after serve well, and die valiantly in fight.

CHAP. III.

Continues the Government of D. Hierome de Azevedo, in the Year 1614.

1. THE King of Ova grown Proud with his success against the Portugueses at Siriam, resolved to conquer all the neigh∣bouring Princes. He caused himself to be Crowned at Bagou, and by the Conduct of his Brother with 50000 Men was soon Ma∣ster of the Kingdom of Tavay. This Ge∣neral moves to Tenasarim, and Besieges it by Sea and Land. Christopher Rabelo, who had fled from his House at Cochim for some Crimes, durst attack his Fleet of 500 Sail with only 40 Portugueses and 70 Slaves in 4 Galliots, and put it to flight, after burning many Vessels, and killing 2000 Men.

2. The King of Siam, to whom that Town belonged, for joy of this Action highly ho∣noured the Victorious Portugueses, and offer∣ed them leave to build a Fort in any part of his Kingdom they would chuse; to this intent sending for Iames de Mendoça Furtado, who was in that Sea with a Squadron, and offering him the Title of an Earl with a suitable Revenue; but there being too much then on our hands these offers could not be accepted of. Furtado in his way to Ma•…•… destroyed the Towns of Queda and Pa•…•… with Fire and Sword.

3. D. Iames de Vasconcelos sailed from Gao with the Squadron for the North consist∣ing of 17 Sail, he had orders to take in D. Emanuel de Azevedo at Chaul and carry him to Diu, being appointed Commander of that Place. By the way landing at the River Sifardam in Melique's Lands, he destroyed a Town abandoned by the Inhabitants.

4. Azevedo being come to Diu. seized on the Goods of his Predecessor Sebastian de Macedo, for the Money he was indebted to the King. Next he resolved to fall upon the People of Por, for the Damage the Trade of Diu sustained by their means; Gaspar de Melo & Sampayo was sent with a Squadron to this Expedition, who came be∣fore that City (40 Leagues distant) with much difficulty, because our Vessels could go but one at a time up a narrow Creek that leads to it, and the Enemy pour'd in showers of Bullets and Arrows from the Shore, and from the Bastions, killing 18 of our Men. The Walls were scaled on the one side, whilst our Men entred at a Breach on the other, notwithstanding the vigorous opposition of 4000 resolute Enemies, whereof many were slain, the rest fled, some into the Fields, and others to a Fort standing in the middle of the Town.

5. Those in the Fort offered Forty thou∣sand Crowns, if we would not batter the Place. It was denied; they attacked to no purpose, and our Men forced to depart with double dissatisfaction, for refusing the offer and suffering the repulse. The City was

plundered, 1000 killed, and 300 taken; the Houses then fired being full of Perfumes cast a delightful smell.

6. Iames de Vasconcelos from Diu sailed with 9 Ships to the mouth of the River of Agaçaim, where 16 Paraos of Malabars set upon him. Without the Loss of one Man he slew many, took several Prisoners, and all the Paraos. Vasconcelos himself took one of them, thinking their Commander Porcasse had been in it, but that Honour fell to Mi∣chael Ferran de Castellobranco.

7. Ruy Freyre de Andrade went from Da∣mam to Chaul, to succeed in that Command to D. Emanuel de Azevedo, who was gone to that of Diu. He was ordered by the Vice∣roy only to secure himself within the Walls, and not attempt any thing abroad, because the Country swarmed with Enemies, and there were but few Men in the Fort. But he training many Camponeses; raised new Works, and forced the Enemy to withdraw with great loss.

8. Gaspar de Melo now commanded the Northern Squadron consisting of 16 Sail, he went to Bacaim understanding there was most need of his Assistance. The posture of our Affairs was much mended by this Relief, the Enemy being kept more in awe, till one day fighting from Sun to Sun, our Men with∣out losing one Man overcame a great multi∣tude.

9. The Fort of Manora, four Leagues from the mouth of the River of Agaçaim, being besieged by the Decariis, and Bacaim

in a good Posture, Gaspar de Melo resolved to relieve it, and Antony Pinto to bear him Company; the chief of their Strength was 700 Portugueses. Gaspar one night went him∣self to view the Enemies Camp, and find∣ing it stronger than he had imagined; when he returned perswaded his Men it was much weaker. He prepared them to fall on before day, which was done so successfully, that some fled at first with the surprize, and many being killed, the rest followed. Thus that Siege was raised without the Loss of one Man.

10. Hence Gaspar de Melo went to Damam again infested by the King of the Sarceta's, and in sight of the Enemy cut down their Woods and Orchards, they not daring to oppose him. The heat of the Sun was then so violent, that it caused a Soldier imme∣diately to run mad, and died soon after; this was all the Loss sustained by us in that Action.

11. Then Melo returned to Chaul, where he found Ruy Freyre de Andrade successful over his Enemies. They marched to destroy a Wood near Upper Chaul, in defence whereof a great multitude of the Enemy met them, and there ensued an obstinate fight. Here Melo forgetting the Duty of a Captain, acted more like a private Soldier, which heat of his Ruy Freyre did endeavour to mo∣derate, he now gave the advice he would not afterwards take. They returned victo∣rious, but not without losing some Men.

12. Freyre being left alone, gave Orders to fall upon the Enemy, Captain Peter Gomes Villano answered, They had no Men. Ad∣vancing still, he again orders them to fall on, and at the same time received a Musket Shot in his Belly. His Men seeing it, began to give way, but he running forward, cryed out, There is no cause to retire, I am very well; yet for some time his Life was in danger. Here it was he wanted the Advice he gave to Melo, yet that Resolution pro∣duced an honourable Victory.

13. Melo again joins Pinto de Fonseca at Bacaim in order to relieve the Fort of Assa∣rim, that high Mountain that overtops the flight of Birds, and is counted impregnable. Tho' the Country swarm'd with Enemies, they conducted 200 Waggons to that Moun∣tain, and having relieved it returned in safety.

14. We had not the like success at Diu, for Francis Sodre being sent against the Res∣butos at Coche with 300 Men in 13 Ships, behaved himself so indiscreetly, that they slew many of his Men, and forced him to retire to his Ships in haste, but not cow∣ardly, for he still faced them, and did all that could be expected at such a time.

15. Our Affairs at Mombaça were in a very bad posture, for King Sultan Hazen be∣ing persecuted by his Unkle Munganaje, who armed at the Crown, and by the Commander Emanuel de Melo, who thirsted after his Riches, was accused of Treason, those being really the Traytors who accused him. His

feigned Crimes being laid before the Vice∣roy, he rashly orders him. to be brought to Goa, directing Simon de Melo Pereyra, who went to succeed Emanuel de Melo to seize him. The King understanding the Design, endeavoured to avoid being taken, and the new Commander attacking his House obli∣ged him again to fly to Arabaya of the Ca∣fres. Our Commander with Money prevail∣ed to have him killed, and cutting off his Head sent it to Goa, as it had been a Tro∣phy of some great Conquest. Then he puts the Government into the Hands of the Traytor Munganaje, joining with him Me∣linde, Brother to the deceased. But he who desired no Colleague, laid Crimes to his Charge, as was done to his Brother, and caused him to be beheaded. We shall here∣after see the Benefit reaped by this Tyranny and Treachery.

16. Cojenitamo, Commander of Suratte for the Mogol, with 800 Horse and some Ele∣phants, on a sudden over-ran the Country of Damam, burning the Villages; and some of our Men endeavouring to put a stop to him, were drawn into an Ambush, and all slain. The Enemy comes on again with a greater Power, and was now absolute Master of the Field, when Luis de I•…•…ito & Melo Admiral of the North-Sea came into that Port with his Squa∣dron, which consisted of 14 Sail, and in them 350 Souldiers. These joined 200 of Damam, and 70 Horse, and above 1•…•…0 other Foot. They attacked the Enemy who far exceeded them in numbers, yet

drove him out of those Lands, killing above 400 of them, 2 Elephants, and their Com∣mander in Chief Dalapute Rao; on our side only Antony Godinno was slain.

17. Luis de Brito pursued them to the Fort of Baroche, and entring the Port, burnt the Town, and all the Vessels that lay there. As he returned Victorious, discovering the City of the Resbuto's, called Barbute, he re∣solved to attack it. A great number of them met him, and after a Fight which was long dubious, were defeated with the loss of 450. On our side died one Captain, and four others. The City was burnt, and the Heads of most of the Dead cut off, which were cast ashore near Surat, to be seen by the Moors of that place.

18. At Bacaim and Chaul there were many Skirmishes, which for brevity are omitted; but many Towns were burnt, much Plun∣der taken, and the Enemy on all sides kept under.

19. Emanuel Mascarennas Homem succeeded D. Francis de Meneses Rojo as General of Ceylon; he had Orders to curb the Insolence of the Portugueses, well known to the Vice∣roy since he Commanded there, and which did us more hurt than the Enemies Sword. We had not grown odious to the Chingala's, had we not provoked them by o•…•… infamous Proceedings. Not only the poor Soldiers went out to rob, but those who were Lords of Villages adding Rapes and Adulteries, which obliged that People to seek the com∣pany of Beasts on Mountains, rather than

be subject to the more beastly Villanies of Men.

20. The viceroy perceiving that India was not in a condition to withstand so great Enemies as was the Mogol, and Xarife Melique Commander of Ponda, and suspecting that Ibrahim Idalxa underhand supported him, sent Antony Monteyro Corte Real, Embassador to the latter, with a Present for the King, and another for his Favourite. Being come to Visapor, he had the desired Success, which was to obtain, that Melique should be Impri∣soned at Ponda; that the Hollanders, who laboured to settle a Factory there, should be expelled. This was done by the assistance of Vincent Ribeyro a Portugues, who lived at Visapor, and had much interest with the Fa∣vourite.

21. At Baçaim, Luis de Brito & Melo, and D. Iohn de Almada Admiral of the Diu Squa∣dron, joyned Antony Pinto de Fonseca Com∣mander of that place, resolving to force the Enemies Camp. They made up 1500 Men, and marched toward the Enemy, who had 1000 Horse and 1500 Foot well intrenched. Our design was to surprize them, but they had intelligence from some Portugueses in the City; nevertheless their Trenches were for∣ced with the loss of 6 or 7 of our Men, and not above 500 of the Enemy escaped. This Victory secured the Inhabitants of that Coun∣try, and the Island of Salsete, who had suf∣fered much during the two last Years.

22. Zamori possessed himself of the King∣dom of Upper Granganer, which was of dan∣gerous

consequence to our Town of the same Name, which he always coveted, having an Eye upon a Pagod where the ancient Empe∣rors of Malabar used to be Crowned. This Neighbourhood became the more dangerous, for that the little King of Paru, a small Island, relying on his Friendshop with Za∣mori, had began the War in the Rivers be∣tween Cochim and Paliporto. The King of Cochim (not without cause offended at the Portugueses) underhand kindled this Fire. The Viceroy sent D. Lope de Almeyda with one Galley and ten Ships to relieve Cananor. He came upon the King of Paru, who ter∣rified thereat, concluded a Peace. Only the King of Cochim and Zamori now remained: an Embassy, and Presents were sent to the latter; both which he admitted, but nothing was concluded.

23. At this time arrived at Goa 4 Ships from Portugal, five came thence, but one was lost within two Leagues of Melinde. Of 3000 Soldiers that were shipped aboard these Vessels, not half the number came to India, the rest dying by the way, which was a great loss, by reason of the want of Men there was there, having so many Enemies upon them, and because these same Ships should have come the Year before, and were forced back to Lisbon. Three Ships home∣ward bound had yet worse fortune, for one was cast away at the Maldivy Islands; ano∣ther, in which were all the Men of the for∣mer at the Island Fayal, where above 200 Men perished; the third arrived at Lisbon.

24. The Viceroy with that small Recruit resolved to go in Person to the North to meet our European Enemies the English and Hollan∣ders, who were strong in these Seas, he sent before D. Emanuel de Azevedo with 22 Sail, who at Suratte joyned the two Squadrons un∣der Luis de Brito, and D. Iohn de Almada. They landed, and destroyed the Lands of Cifandam and Diva; the Towns of Baroche and Goga were plundered and burnt, as were six great Ships in that Bay. Hence they sailed to the City Patane, the Inhabitants whereof, terrified by the Flames of Goga, fled to the Woods; so the Town was fired without any opposition.

25. Mean while the Viceroy set out with 7 Galleons, that in which he was so large, it carried with ease 230 Men at Arms, the 30 all Gentlemen. There were besides two Pinks, one Galley, one Caravel, and five other Vessels. In all which were 1400 Portu∣gueses, and much Artillery, but unskilful Gunners.

CHAP. IV.

Continues the Government of D. Hierome de Azevedo.

1. THE chief Design of this Squadron, which at Suratte joyned those three under Azevedo, Brito, and Almeyda, was to destroy four English Ships that lay in that Port. These Preparations seemed too great for such an Enterprize, but the Event proved the contrary. Being come in sight of the English, the Viceroy ordered the two Pinks, the Caravel, and other smaller Vessels, to lay aboard one of the Ships which was separated from the others. Having all grappled, and almost entred her, the other three coming up beat them off. The first three of our Vessels having taken fire, endea∣vouring to burn that of the Enemy, perished, and the English escaped. All this day was spent without any Success on our side; and the next nothing was done, because the Ships lay in a hole, where only one of our Gal∣leons could come at them at once, and so might be one by one disabled by the Ene∣mies Cannon. Some said, this was only a pretence of those who had no mind to come at them. It was attempted to burn them with Fireships, but without success.

2. The Viceroy perceiving he only lost his Time there, sailed to Diu to send thence Relief to Ormuz, having received Advice from D. Luis de Gama Commander of that Place, that the Fort of Comoran was besieged by a Persian Captain of Xirav with 14000 Men by Sea and Land. This Siege was laid by order of Abas Xa of Persia, on account that Gama did not pay him certain Duties due to the King of Lara, and the Persian was now possessed of that Kingdom. He was glad of this pretence of taking Arms, as desiring to possess himself of Ormuz, to∣wards which he thought the Fort of Como∣ron was a good step. Nor did he miss his aim, for no sooner did the ancient Men of Ormuz hear that Fort was delivered, but they concluded this lost. D. Luis sent some Succour which hastened the Surrender, be∣cause one half of it was cut off, and the rest returned. Andrew de Quadros commanded at Comoran, he had but few Men, and less Cannon, (for always our Aim was at trade,) and was forced to surrender upon Condi∣tions, which the Enemy never observed. This was done when the Relief of 9 Sail, sent by the Viceroy, arrived under the com∣mand of Michael de Sousa Pimentel, who having nothing to do there, and to shun the Distasts that happened between him and D. Luis de Gama, went away to Mascate.

3. The Viceroy returning with his Fleet from Diu, discovered the 4 English Ships a great way from Surat making all the sail they could, and standing to the Southward.

He made the best of his way, and in the afternoon came up alone within Cannon∣shot of one of them, because his Galleon was a better Sailer than the rest of the Fleet. His Gunner offered to sink her with two 40 Pounders; many opposed it, representing the other 3 Ships would come upon him, and the Fleet being out of sight, the Galleon would be lost, which would be a great dis∣credit, besides the Damage at such a time when the Government was so poor. The Viceroy submitted to their Opinions, with∣out obliging them to give it under their hands, thinking they would never deny it, which they did when he was accused for not doing what the Gunner proposed. The English returned Thanks for this kindness, firing their Cannon without Ball.

4. The Ships that this Year went from Portugal, carried Orders to the Viceroy, to sell all Commands and Employments that would yield Money, there being no other means than to supply the Wants of that Government. This was put in execution, and much resented, for three Reasons; one, That it had never been done before; another, Because many were debarred there∣by the Right to those Places they had pur∣chased by long Service; and the third, Be∣cause by this means those who had Money, though never so undeserving, would get those Posts.

5. The Ships that this Year sailed from Lisbon for India, in which the abovesaid Order went, were four▪ D. Antony Tello

Captain of one of them being ashore when they set sail, and not able to get aboard, though he followed in another Vessel as far as the Island Madera, returned to Lisbon, and taking with him Captain Emanuel de Prado de Magallanes, travelled to India by Land, found his Ship there, and returned in her to Portugal. Francis Lopez Carrasco, Captain of another of those Ships, was left behind through neglect at Goa when the Ships came away, and Francis de Magallanes came in his Place. Iohn Pereyra Cortereal, a third Captain of the same Ships, returned not without Trouble, which he overcame like a good Commander, for some of his Men mutinying, he with his own hand slew one of them, and caused two to be hanged; for which good Service he was rewarded.

6. This Year also set out from Goa ano∣ther Ship commanded by Francis de Brito, which was lost off of the Islands of Querim∣ba, where and at Moçambique the Men were saved with the Fatigues usual in those Ship∣wrecks. D. Hierome Manuel, who comman∣ded the 4 Ships that came from Lisbon, re∣turned next Year, when we shall speak of him.

7. Abas Xa, King of Persia, desiring to settle some Trade with us to vend his Silks, writ to our King, telling him,

He was wea∣ry of receiving Friers as Ambassadors, and desiring him to send some Gentleman of Note, for he should better know how to treat with such a one, and God and his Majesty would be better served, because a Religious Man out of his Cell was like a

Fish out of the Water.

D. Garcia de Silva & Figuero•…•… a Spanish Gentleman, well qua∣lified for that Employment, was sent to him. He carried a rich and beautiful Present, and of rare Workmanship in Silver and Gold, set with precious Stones. He went from Ma∣drid to Lisbon, thence to India, where he was to receive further Instructions, and 20000 Crowns consigned on the Custom-house of Ormuz for his expence, besides what he had before received, because his Equipage was very great. Thus far we had an account of this Embassy; hereafter we shall see that Ormuz was lost, which was what the Persian coveted; so that it seems the Embassy did not divert him from that Thought.

8. The Blacks besieged the City of St. Tho∣mas, and raising a Fort, they put in Ammu∣nition and 600 Men, spreading 20000 about the Town, which they battered from the Pa∣god near St. Francis. Captain Emanuel de Frias besieges the Fort, which was surrendred to him for want of Water. Among the Can∣non found in it, there was one Piece of 25 Spans, that is, 6 Yards and a quarter in length, that carried a Ball of 50 Pounds weight.

9. A Peace was concluded between the Mogul and us through the sollicitation of Hierome Xaverius of the Society of Iesus.

CHAP. V.

Continues the Government of the Vice-Roy D. Hierome de Azevedo, in the Year 1615.

1. DON Iohn de Silva commanded for the Spaniards at Manila, who de∣manded Succors of the Portugueses to defend the Moluco Islands against the Rebellious Hol∣landers. The Viceroy sitted out 4 Galleons for this Expedition under the Command of Francis de Miranda Enriquez. It was easie to foresee they would be unfortunate, be∣cause most of the Souldiers were Outlaws, Men who have Courage to commit Villanies, but in dangers of Honour are meer Cowards, as has always been found by Experience, and was at this time, for many deserted as soon as they had received their Pay at Goa, and many at Malaca, the Admiral contrary to his Orders, having touched there.

2. Between the Islands of Nicobar they were some time becalm•…•…d. Not far from those of Diu they met two Holland Ships coming from Paliacate, our Admiral prepared to fight, and they having made show of stand∣ing to it, after some Cannon-shot exchang'd, stood away. Being pursued very close they threw many Goods overboard to be the ligh∣ter; among other things they cast over some Pigeons, the weight whereof could not much

hinder them, but in the Confusion they knew not what they did. Our Galleons could not make up with them, and in the morning they were not to be seen. It was afterwards known they skulked behind the Island of Pulopinam.

3. The Galleons being in the Road of Malaca, the Admiral landed D. Gonçalo de Silva, Bishop of that City, whom he carry∣ed to this intent, and thought to hold on his Voyage, having already been out above 2 Months, and it being about the middle of Iuly. Going out of the streight there arose a storm, and the Vice-Admiral springing a Leak, they were forced to put into Malaca; where they all stayed, resolving to prose∣cute their Voyage the next Year, not know∣ing the ill Fortune that attended them there.

3. When they came in, Iames de Mendoça Furtado, Commander in Chief by Sea and Land, was ready to set out with 6 Galleons and 12 Jalia's, or small Vessels. They were manned by the Garrison of Malaca, and went to meet the Ships that were expected from China, and at the same time to dis∣cover whether any Fleet of Achem appear'd as was reported. They discovered it about 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Leagues from the streight; it consisted of above 500 Sail, whereof above 100 Gal∣leys greater than ours, and above 150 less, yet considerable. The King came himself in this Fleet with his Wives, the best of his Treasure, and 60000 Men. He carried no Colours, but Globes of massy Gold, as was

the Throne whereon he sate. He was four Years in fitting out this Fleet.

5. Iames de Mendoça Furtado having well viewed that fleet, designed to fight, and in order thereto called all his Captains to Council; it was resolved he should not fight but return to Malaca, which was weak for want of those Men they had drawn out. He stood thither, sending Advice to the Gal∣leons to prepare to fight. The Admiral Fr. de Miranda Enriquez received the Advice, and with Furtado's Squadron on the 4th day met that vast Fleet, which was standing for Ma∣laca. Both Parties drew themselves into order of Battel, and after Noon Miranda began to play his Cannon without losing a Shot, the Enemy stood so thick, and they received all his Fire without making any re∣turn, as it were in contempt of him.

6. Furtado and Ferdinand de Costa with their two Galliots attack 7 Galleys; one they boarded and burnt, another was blown up by a Ball that fell into their Powder Room. Several of the Enemymade up to the Galliots, our Galleons move to succour them, and then the whole Enemies Fleet comes on. This was towards Evening when a Storm rising so separated our small Vessels, that they could not join the Galleons till next day at Noon. Being joined they made towards the Enemy, who not regarding them stood in for Malaca. Our Galleons being ill man∣ned, because many of the Men were fled to the Woods, it was found expedient to take

those out of the Galliots who were of try'd Valour. Thus they prepared for Battel, which the Enemy accepted, drawn up in the form of a half Moon. This happened on a Sunday in the Afternoon about the middle of November.

7. The Admiral, and D. Iohn de Silveyra's Galleons were boarded, Ant. Rodrigues de Gam∣boa with his Galliot came to assist Silveyra his Brother-in-Law, but the Galliot taking fire fired the Galleon, and both perished. There were 50 Men in them, 20 of them died, and the other 30 were taken. The Admiral Miranda was three times boarded, and, tho' he had but few Men, still cleared the Decks, killing numbers of the Enemy, and sinking some of their Galleys. Ships were fired on both sides, and the labour to quench them was great especially on our side. The fight lasted till midnight, the flaming Ships and other fires lighted of purpose by the King affording them light.

8. In fine, the Admiral's Galleon during this time was attacked by the whole Fleet 14 times, fired 18, and as often quench∣ed, Men wrapped in wet Blankets rowling themselves in the fire. Miranda being struck down by a great Splinter, a Soldier cried out he was killed, but he instantly arose, saying, I am not dead, here I am alive, fight couragiously my brave Lions, for Heaven pro∣mises us a glorious Victory. The 3 Galleons were in a Line at about a Musket shot di∣stance from each other, and for want of Wind the 2 could not come up to succour

the Admiral, against whom the Enemy bent all his Force. Could they have come up, the Enemy had been utterly ruined, for they were so disabled, that they retired towards Bancales.

9. Day appearing, and the Enemy gone, our Galleons thought to pursue them but could not. Their Loss was computed to 20000 Men, and 50 Sail of all Sorts. Iames de Mendoça & Silva being upon discovery with his small Vessels, found the King had sent out his Boats for Water, he fell in a∣mong them and took them all, and 200 Pri∣soners. The King after this loss asked the Prisoners he had taken, whether an Embassy to treat of their Liberty would be acceptable at Malaca, and being by them assured it would, he writ to the Admiral and Com∣mander of the Town, affirming our Ships had attacked him without cause, when he was going only to subdue his rebellious Sub∣jects, expressing concern for the loss of our Galleon and Galliot, offering to restore the Prisoners without Ransom, if they sent for them. This King being very subtle and false, it was not fit to give two much Credit to him; yet his Ambassadors were well re∣ceived, and it was answered, that the King's Designs not being known, it could not but he believed he designed against Malaca. They sent him all his Subjects taken by Iames de Mendoça and a good Present, thanking him for the offer of restoring the Portugueses, and desiring he would deliver them to him that carried the others. The King being under

sail when our Messenger came to him, said he would answer after he had treated him as became a Portugues Ambassador. He had rather have taken his answer there, being suspicious of the King, but was forced to follow. The King being come home, re∣ceived the Embassy friendly, and a Month after dispatched him well satisfied with the Prisoners.

10. The reason why, as was before hint∣ed, the 3 Galleons could not pursue the A∣chem Fleet, was because they had advice that 8 Holland Ships were sailing towards Ma∣laca. Mendoça was of opinion to repair to the City for the security thereof, but Mi∣randa was for pursuing the Enemy, and ha∣ving destroyed them they might retire to Polubutum or Gale; which would have ruin∣ed the Achem Fleet, and saved our Galleons which were destroyed afterwards by the Hollanders. These drawing near, Ferdinand de Costa was for securing the Galleons at Gale; Miranda for fighting; and Furtado advised to draw the Galleons close to the little Island, so that the Hollanders might not pass between them and the Land, so they might do the more Execution, bringing all their Cannon over to one side. This Opi∣nion being approved of, was scarce put in Execution, when the 8 Ships appeared and made at them. Every Ship exceeded each of our Galleons in number of Men and Can∣non, able Seamen and Gunners. The order of drawing under the Island was so ill exe∣cuted, that the Hollanders took the Post ours aimed at.

11. The Battel began and continued all that day with equal Loss. Next day one of Galleons, after losing 3 Captains, and be∣ing torn to pieces even with the superficies of the Water, was quitted by those Men that were left. The 3d day only 10 Men being left in another Galleon, they fired it and got ashore. The Admiral Miranda would defend himself, tho' wounded in the Leg, with only 6, but they and a Jesuit by force carried him into the Island, leaving the Galleon on fire. About 200 Men were lost in them all. The loss of the Hollanders was considerable, but being Masters of the Sea they sailed to the Mouth of the Streight, to intercept the Ships that were expected from China, till understanding that D. Iohn de Silva, Governor of Malina, was coming that way with his Fleet, they quitted that Sea, which was no small comfort after so great a Loss.

12. Francis de Miranda Enriquez went to Goa, where he walked upon Crutches, by reason of the hurt received in his Legs when he fought the Hollanders. However he was brought to a Tryal, for not sailing directly for Manila, according to his Instructions, or not retiring where they might have been secured. In the Conclusion he was cleared, and having behaved himself so bravely, it was but reason he should.

13. D. Iohn de Silva being informed that the four Galleons could not go to Manila, did all that could be expected of a good Commander to join us in order to suppress

the Hollanders. He sent Ammunition to our Fleet a•…•… Malaca, and advice for our Ships to avoid falling into the Enemies hands. But all failed, the advice by the ill Conduct of him that carried it; and the Ammunition, be∣cause our Galleons were lost when it came. Without knowing hereof he put to Sea with 10 strong Galleons, the product of his great Care and Industry. Eight days after his de∣parture 6 Holland Ships came to the Bay of Maribeles and were the first of that Nation that passed the Streights of Magellan. Had D. Iohn set out 10 days sooner, he had taken the 8 Ships that defeated Francis de Miranda, and 10 Days later those other 6. Ships On the Sea of Pulatinam he found the Galleon commanded by Captain Antony Ho∣men de Azevedo and the Plate Ship coming from China. Having passed the Streight of Singapura, he left the Galleons with his Vice-Admiral and with two Galleys, he had went himself and convoyed those two Ves∣sels to Malaca. There he was received un∣der a Canopy with great State, and demon∣strations of Love and Gratitude; there also he soon fell sick in such manner, that the seventh Day were buried with him the great hopes conceived of destroying the Hol∣landers by his Zeal, Valour and Conduct. The Galleys carrying the Body returned to his Nephew, and the Vice-Admiral and he with them to Manila.

CHAP. VI.

Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo, in the Year 1615.

1. ABout this same time a Peace was con∣cluded at Damam between the Por∣tugueses and King Choutia. Gonzalo Pinto de Fonseca was appointed to go to exchange the Ratifications. The King would not come into our Dominions to swear it, nor would we go into his; those of the King of Sarceta, tho' our Enemy, and his Father-in-Law, were agreed upon. Pinto came to a Village appointed for this Ceremony with 400 Foot and 50 Horse, and found the King there with 40 of the latter, and 900 of the former. Our Commissioner offer'd his Tent, and the King his, urging his Character. It was accepted to avoid displeasing him. The Quarrel had been about certain Lands the King pretended to, and now quitting his Claim the Peace was solemnly sworn with satisfaction of both Parties. He offered to serve our King with 1000 Foot and 200 Horse, and that his Son should live at Da∣mam to Command a Fleet at Sea. He added pleasantly, that he envied those who could be in Damam at the publick Feasts, and cau∣sed Pinto with some of the chief Portugueses to go to his House, saying, the Queen was

desirous of seeing him. She saw him, but not he her, being behind a close Lettice. The King made fresh offers, and gave good Proofs of real Friendship.

2. The same Gonçalo Pinto concluded a Peace with the Mogol. The Articles were, That Iahanguier, King of the Mogols, and the Viceroy should hold no Correspondence with English or Hollanders. That they should harbour neither of those Nations in their Ports, that they should be obliged to expel them the Sea of Guzarate in 3 Months after any of them came thither. That if the Eng∣lish entred the Lock of Suratte, the Portu∣gueses should have leave to plant Guns ashore to drive them out. That all Animosities laid aside, the Mogols and Portugueses should Trade freely in each others Ports. That Prisoners be restored on both sides. That the King should restore all the Portugues Ef∣fects in his Kingdom, after repaying himself 70000 Xerafines, he had received Damage in a Ship that came from Meca. That the Hulk of a Ship should be given to the Queen-Mother for one of hers burnt at Goa. That the Viceroy should give leave for two Ships of his once, and one every Year to Trade from Suratte to Meca, without paying any Duties. That the Malabars should be excluded the Ports of both Parties as per∣nicious Pirats. That by this Peace the King of Portugal's Right to the Duties paid at Diu, by the Ships that Trade in the Bay of Cam∣baya, should be no way infri•…•…ged.

3. About the middle of February, Gonzalo Rodriguez de Sonsa came to the Moluco Islands with 6 Galliots of War, and two of Merchants. He was sent by the Viceroy with Succours. D. Iohn de Silva, Governor of Manila, with his Spaniards were then besieged at Ternate by 11 Dutch Ships, Sousa in sight of them relieved the Place, and the Besiegers stood away to the Southward. D. Iohn ordered two Galleys and a Pink with the Galliots to follow the Enemy, who steered for Macassa. These put the Towns of Arsula Best, and the greater and lesser Manciolas to Fire and Sword. They burnt Ships belonging to the Kings of Ternate, Ma∣quien, Bacham and Cacoa, who favoured the Holland Rebels. Landing in the Kingdom of Corane, they easily took the chief Fort, the King who was in it flying for shelter to the Woods. Returning aboard, they discover∣ed three great Ships in which came the King's Son-in-Law and Grandson to his aid, the latter was taken, the other killed. On the 2d of April they arrived at Macassa, a•…•… such time as the Admiral of the 11 Hollanders seen at Ternate, was coming into that Port. After half a Day's fight being upon the point of taking her, a sudden Storm parted them. Our Men returned to Ternate with Booty, Provisions, and more Ships than they carried out.

4. In Ceylon our Gen. Em▪ Mascarennas Ho∣mem marched against Candea with 14 Com∣panies of Portugueses of 30 Men each, and the Dissava's, or Chiefs of the Natives▪ Near

the River of Candea fell so great a Rain, there was no dry place to lie down, and in the Morning they were all running Blood, being bit by Leeches. It appeared difficult to pass the River being then swelled, but there being 11000 Men there they cut Trees, and laying a Bridge over passed. The Chin∣galas began to Skirmish, chiefly at Night, taking the advantage of the Woods. We lost some Men. The like happened at the Entrance into the Kingdom of Uva.

5. They marched to the City Babule, Metropolis of that Kingdom, burning all that lay in their way. Three thousand of the Enemy, who lay in Ambush near the City, fell upon Simon Correa who led our Van, but 600 Musqueteers charging them, they fled to the Woods, about 40 being killed on both sides. The same happened in the Rear. There being no Plunder in the City it was burnt, and all Fruit-Trees cut down. Our Ge∣neral spent 3 Months in this Expedition, in March returned to Sofragan, and thence to Malvane, having done the Enemy great harm.

6. In August he sent Peter Peixoto de Silva, with 8 Companies to Tumpane, another In∣let into the Kingdom of Candea towards the North a League from Balane. He spared neither Sex nor Age, for that the Tumpa∣nenses had endeavoured to betray us to the Enemy. The Lands of Archiapato of Candea were burnt; but in a Village they cut off 20 of our Blacks in an Ambush; 25 of them were slain in the same manner on their way

to Matale. Near Matale 70 more fell of 1500 that came to oppose us, which caused them to quit the Field, and Peixoto return∣ed to Manicravare with 500 Prisoners, and 2000 Head of Cattle, some of them Ele∣phants.

7. After this the Dissava Philip de Oliveyra had much the same success, making a Road into Candea with 10 Companies. The suc∣cess, continued as long as Emanuel Masca∣rennas Homem commanded in that Island, which was little above a Year, every one wishing it had been much longer as much in respect of his Valour, as Fortune and Affa∣bility.

CHAP. VII.

Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo, in the Year 1615.

1. IN the Year 1608 we gave an account of the prodigious rise of Sebastian Gon∣zales Tibao, who of a poor seller of Salt in a small Barque the Year 1605, in that of 1608 was become an absolute Sovereign without dependance on any Prince what∣soever. It is now time to show the end of such Monsters. This base Man being lift∣ed to that height, the steps by which he ascended being Treachery and Ingratitude, he now found it was no longer possible to

support his Power without some conside∣rable Succour.

2. This Man, who in his Prosperity forgot to submit himself to the Viceroy, now see∣ing the probability of falling, acquaints him with the Danger he is in. He proposes like an absolute Prince, That if the Viceroy will effectually support him, he will become Tri∣butary to Portugal, with the acknowledgment of a Galleon loaden with Rice, to be deli∣vered Yearly at Goa or Malaca. He urged, all had been done by him was to revenge the Murder of the Portugueses slaughtered by the King of Arracam in Banguel of Dianga; and (to gain the Viceroy by the hope of Profit) hinted, that the vast Treasure of that King might be taken. This last so blinded the Viceroy, that in stead of abhor∣ring the Villanies of that Wretch, he resol∣ved to assist him, contrary to all Human and Divine Laws.

3. For this Expedition, the Viceroy fitted out 14 of the largest Galliots, one Flyboat, and a Pink, and gave the Command of them to D. Francis de Meneses Roxo, who had go∣verned Ceylon. He sailed from Goa about the middle of September well manned and equipped, but not without much forebo∣ding of an unfortunate Event; for as the Viceroy only weighed the prospect of Gain, the People considered the injustice of the Enterprize.

4. On the 3d of October D. Franc•…•… arri∣ved at Arracam, the chief Port and Resi∣dence of that King, he had before sent a

Galliot with Advice of his coming to Seba∣stian Gonzales at Sundi•…•…a. His Instructions being opened before all the Captains, they contained, that he should enter that King∣dom without expecting Sebastian Gonzalez. It was more reasonable that man should have been expected, as who knew the Coun∣try, and their manner of Fight, besides the Forces he was to bring; but God had de∣creed the Ruin of that vile Wretch, and of that unjust Succour. On the 15th of Octo∣ber, they discovered coming down the Ri∣ver a Fleet so numerous, they could not see the end of it. The foremost was a Dutch Pink, and many Hollanders commanded other Vessels. All that could be discoverd appea∣red full of Men, and well equipped, an ill sight for 15 little Ships that expected them; neither were they now 15, for one was gone to Sundiva; the Pink was in pursuit of a Ship that fled, and another was gone to fetch the Pink.

5. The Dutch Pink fired the first Gun, and then the Fight began furiously, our Gal∣liots advancing without any dread of that vast Fleet. Four Galliots got before the others, and in an instant their Captains and many Soldiers were killed, yet the rest were no way dismayed, and the other eight came up, darkening the day with Smoak, notwith∣standing the repeated flashes of Fire. Ma∣ny of the Enemy were drowned, overset∣ting their Vessels through haste to fly from us. The Fight lasted from morning till evening, when the Enemy drew off, think∣ing

some Relief was coming to us, having discovered the Galliot that went to seek the Pink, which they could not find. We lost 25 Men of Note, besides others.

6. Next morning the Pink came up, aboard him the wounded Men were carried, and such as he had fit for Service taken out. D. Francis resolved to lie at the mouth of the River till Sebastian Gonzalez came to joyn him, and then again attack the Enemy. At length Gonzalez came with 50 Sail well man∣ned and equipped, and hearing what was done, railed against the Viceroy for giving such Orders, and against D. Francis for obey∣ing them. About the middle of November they sailed up the River, discovered the Ene∣mies vast Fleet riding in a safe Place, and resolved to attack it. D. Francis took half Gonzalez his Ships, and gave him half those he brought, so they made two equal Squa∣drons. They divided themselves and fell on on both sides, firing upon those Vessels they could reach, but none of them advanced. The King from the Shore encouraged his Men, causing the Heads of some that fled to be set upon Spears for a Terror to the rest.

7. Scarce had our Men time to breath, when a great part of that vast Fleet came down upon them divided into 3 Squadrons. This was at Noon, when the heat of the Sun scorched. Sebastian Gonzalez put to flight those that attacked him; our Pink did as much with the Hollander. D. Francis recei∣ved and did much harm. The Advantage

was visible on our side, till about Sun-setting our Admiral D. Francis was killed by two Musket-Balls, one in the Forehead, the other in the left Eye. A Signal given on Board his Galliot, caused Sebastian Gonzalez to cease •…•…ollowing his good Fortune, and the Tide ebbing, the Fleets parted; but Gaspar de Abren's Galeot being left among the Ene∣my, all her Men were slain, and the Vessel torn in pieces; yet Abreu was brought off by Antony Carvallo mortally wounded, and lived some days after.

8. Our Fleet being come back to the mouth of the River, care was taken of the Woun∣ded, and above 200 Dead were buried in the Sea. The Body of D. Francis was embal∣med. D. Luis de Azevedo the Vice-Admiral succeeded in the Command. They all sailed over to Sundiva, and D. Luis with his Squa∣dron thence to Goa, notwithstanding Seba∣stian Gonzales for his own security laboured all he could to keep him there. Not long after the King of Arracam falling upon him in his Island, took it, and reduced him to his former miserable condition; so his Sove∣reignty passed like a Shadow, his Pride was humbled, and his Villanies punished. Our Fleet on their return burnt some Ships of the Moors, laden with Provisions, upon the Coast of Paliacate and St. Thomas. But Iohn Gomez Paez fighting with others, had his Galliot blown up, and few Men were sa∣ved.

CHAP. VIII.

Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo this same Year 1615, and that of 1616.

1. THE Viceroy fitted out the Squadron for the North, which consisted of 12 Ships, and as many small Vessels, in which were at least 20 Gentlemen of Quality, whom the Portugueses call Fidalgos, that served as Voluntiers. The Admiral was Ruy Freyre de Andrade.

2. This Fleet set out about the end of October. Ruy Freyre by the way visited the Northern Forts. At Balcar, beyond Surat, he sent out the Fleet for Cambaya under the Convoy of two Ships, giving Advice to the Commander to send away that which was there. As soon as Ruy Freyre came to Su∣ratte, Nababo, who commanded there for the Mogol, sent him two Vessels loaded (as he said) with fresh Provisions, but they were costly Curiosities and Silks. Ruy Freyre to receive this Message, called all the Captains aboard his Galliot, and before them viewed and commended the Present. That done, he took only one Piece, assuring the Messenger,

All must be returned, but that he should be as ready to serve his Master, as if he had

received the whole Present.

Nababo much admired this Proceeding, understanding it was Freyre's custom rather to Give than Re∣ceive.

3. The Piece Freyre kept was Cambolim, worth about 20 Pardao's. The value of a Pardao is 12 Royals and a half. Cambolim is a piece of Stuff the Women wear on their Shoulders like a Veil. The Captain's extol∣ling this Action, he said,

The Cambolim was due to some Lady; that they should agree whose Mistress was handsomest, and it should be given to her.

The Price with∣out any dispute was allowed to •…•…ippolito Fur∣tado his Mistress.

4. Whilst the Merchant Fleet stayed at Cambaya, Freyre went to visit the Fort of Diu, and landed by the way at Goga, once a proud City of the Moors, but humbled by our Arms the last Year. At the end of De∣cember, the Fleet sailed from Cambaya, and was the greatest that had been seen in many Years, Freyre with his Squadron convoyed it: Near Damam there arose such a Storm, that it was a wonder they did not all perish. Two Ships were lost, with all the Men; of another, only one Man was saved; of a fourth, all the Men. What caused most admiration was, that 10 small Boats escaped, which in a calm Sea carried but a span above Water. At length they got into Bacaim; 8 Merchant Ships being drove to Chaul, met there 4 Parao's of Pirats, who took two of them. Freyre caused the Beards of the Sol∣diers of the other six to be cut off for not

following his light. At last he came safe to Goa with the Fleet.

5. D. Bernard de Noronna commanded the Fleet on the Coast of Malabar. Zamori had again broke the Peace, and distressed Gran∣ganor. Noronna hasted thither, and cut off all Correspondence between Zamori and 3 Holland Ships that came into that Sea; and in despight of all the Nayres relieved Gran∣ganor. Mean while D. Henry de Sousa sent by him with 11 Sail to Calicut, burnt there a great Ship belonging to that Emperor, loaded and ready to sail for Meca. This done, D. Bernard having visited the Forts of Malabar and Canara, returned to Goa.

6. D. Nunno Alvarez Pereyra succeeded Emanuel Mascarennas Homem, as General of Ceylon, and made several successful Roads into the Kingdom of Candea, bringing thence many Prisoners, and much Cattel. But let us relate a dangerous Commotion that happened in that Island, the Occasion whereof, though it be not new in the World, is one of those that, though often repeated, is still admired, and was thus:

7. Some Years before this died Nicapeti King of Ceylon, who being converted, and having no Issue, made the King of Portugal his Heir. At this time there lived in Ceylon a poor Fellow called also Nicapeti: He ser∣ved the Portugueses, and gaining admittance to one of the Queens of Valgameme, heard somewhat of that Prince called Nicapeti. This Fellow being of the same Name, re∣solved to represent his Person, and perswade

the People, that he was their Natural Prince come to Life again. He feigns himself a Iogue, (that is, the same as an Hermit among us,) and beginning to appear about Mare∣guepore, gave out, That taking compassion on the Calamities of his Country, he came to free them from the Portugues Bondage. He found Credit, and Men flocking to him entred the seven Corla's, when the Dis•…•…ava Philip de Oliverae was absent. At Matiagama he slew two Fathers of the Society, in 6 or 7 days was succoured by the King of Candea with 2000 Men, and declared King by most of the Country.

8. As soon as our General had notice hereof, he sent Emanuel Cesar with some Men to quench this Fire before it grew Ma∣sterless. Cesar meeting him with 6000 Men at Gandola, a Village on the River Laoa, they ingaged, and Ferdinand Caldeyra, who led our Van, going on rashly, was killed, with 10 or 12 Soldiers, and Captain Gaspar de Antas:

9. In the heat of the Battle 1000 Chinga∣la's, who served under Luis Gomez Pinto, de∣serted to the Enemy. At this sight our Men gave themselves for lost, but much more when D. Constantine a Chingala, but Subject of Portugal, and of the Royal Blood, step∣ping forward, cried aloud, Whither do you fly, my Friends? If you look for your Natural King, here am I, who by seven several Branches am descended from them. In a moment they all turned to, and proclaimed him King, and he made use of this opportunity to reduce

them that had revolted from us. After a long Dispute, the Enemy fled over the Ri∣ver. Next morning our Men passed over, and meeting no Enemy, stayed there for fur∣ther Intelligence.

10. In the mean while Philip de Oliveyra returned from Candea, having heard of Ni∣capeti's Attempt, but not of our Victory. There was then a considerable number of Chingala's who served under him; to incite these to rebel one came, and from the top of a Mountain admonished them to forsake the Portugueses, and follow their Natural Prince. This caused much disorder among the Men, and next day Oliveyra marching on, came to the Field of the late Battle, and finding above 1000 slain, could not discover who had gained that Victory. On a Tree was seen an Inscription, signifying that all Portugueses were slain, no body of them left in Ceylon, and that Columbo was surrendred. This startled the Portugueses, and not a little re∣joyced the Lascarines, (the Chingala's that serve among us are so called,) who were 800 in number.

11. As Philip de Oliveyra continued his march, 300 Men attacked his Rear, but as soon as he faced them, fled. Nyhe came upon him near the River Laoa, he sent to Emanuel Cesar and they joyned, which made the Revolters fly to the Woods. They two agreed to take all the Women and Children of some Villages, hoping by that means to reduce the Chingala's that were in Arms. Oliveyra took above 400; the same night the

800 Lascarines deserted with their Arms, lea∣ving the Portugueses alone, who were not above 200. These marched 5 Leagues to the Pagod called Atanagale, near Maluana, where the General resided, who sent them 500 Men, 200 whereof were Portugueses. He ordered D. Emanuel de Castro to take care of Provisions and Ammunition, having made D. Constantine Dissava of the Corlas, (this was the Chingala, who, as was above∣said, brought back those who fled from us,) in stead of D. Philip de Oliveyra, wrongfully punishing him for the desertion of the 800 Lascarines.

CHAP. IX.

Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo the same Year 1616.

1. NIcapeti, like an absolute King, bestowed Imployments and Lands, having gathered an Army of 24000 Men, with which he marched towards Columbo; so vain, that half a League from that Town on the Banks of the River Nacolega, he would be proclaimed Emperor of Ceylon. He sent to the King of Candea to send him one of his two Wives, who answered, It should be done when the Portugueses were subdued. Nicapeti, in a Rage at this Answer, threatned to use

that King like the Portugueses. Those 2000 Men, sent by him to Nicapeti's assistance, hearing these Threats, deserted him, and returned home. This set those two Ene∣mies of ours at variance, and was no small help to our Affairs.

2. The two Commanders, Emanuel Cesar and D. Constantine, being joyned, they marched towards Nicapeti, and found the way he was to come very clean, and strewed with Flowers. A Chingala carried Nicapeti the News of our approach, who caused him to be impaled, saying, There were no Portu∣gueses left in Ceylon. He was soon undecei∣ved, the two Vanguards coming in sight of each other. Nicapeti instantly possesses him∣self of a Hill, and intrenches with 7000 Men. Our Van attacks and enters his Works, kill 1000 of his Men, and force him, laying aside the Regal Ornaments, to fly to the Woods. We lost only an Ensign. The other part of the Enemies Army seeing this defeated, fled over the River Laoa. Night coming on, our Men rested there, and in the morning found themselves strengthen'd by 500 Chingala's, who had deserted from the Enemy.

3. At this time a Chingala, who had been a Christian, and Follower of the Portugueses by the Name of Antony Barreto, served the King of Candea. Though of base Birth, his Valour advanced him to be General of that King's Forces, with the Title of, Prince and Governour of the Kingdom of Uva. This Man laying hold of the opportunity of Nicapeti's

Revolt, came with a considerable Power to seize our Fort of Sofragan. Barreto counter∣feiting Friendship, drew our Men, which were but 60, under two Captains, Faria and Matoso, to a Conference, and treacherously slew most of them. Those that escaped retired to a Church, where want of Ammu∣nition obliged them to surrender, and they were carried to the King of Candea.

4. This misfortune was justly due to those Portugueses for murdering an Embassadour sent by that King to Treat of an Accom∣modation, that they might joyntly carry on the War against Nicapeti. The King, who might justly have put to death Faria and his Men in Revenge for his Ambassadour, Trea∣ted them courteously. He sent two of them to Balane, to advise our Garison there to deliver that Place to him, being distressed by Nicapeti; they went, and having advised the contrary, returned into Slavery.

5. The King being informed by these Mes∣sengers, that those of Balane would not s•…•…r∣render, fell upon them with 10000 Men, and many Elephants. Our Commander Emanuel Falcam held out some days, but seeing 6 Portugueses had deserted, and there was no hope of Relief, was forced to Capi∣tulate. The King treated him and his bet∣ter than they deserved He was so desirous of Peace, that he presently sent an Ambas∣sadour to Treat thereof with our General D. Nunno Alvarez Pereyra, but the Success of that Negotiation belongs to the next Year.

6. An Embassy came to Goa from the King of Siam, acknowledging the Favours received of the Portugueses. The Heads of the Message were, that he had received a Letter from Iames de Mendoça, who stayed not for the Answer, that he offered the King of Portugal the Port of Martavam to build a Fort there; that he would maintain the Gar∣rison and a small Fleet to Cruize on that Sea against the King of Dua. The Ambassadors were splendidly entertained, and F. Francis of the Annunciation, a Dominican, sent along with them with the same Character. He set out the beginning of May, with a costly Present for the King. The King re∣ceived the Ambassador with great Satisfacti∣on, who proposed to him how ambitious the Portugueses were of his Friendship, that they should both join their Forces to subdue the King of Ava, that there should be a free Trade between Siam and Malaca; that he should not admit the Hollanders into his Country.

7. The King answer'd, That the Portu∣gues Merchants might freely resort to his Ports and be exempt from all Duties, and his Subjects should Trade to Malaca; that the reason they had not done it of late was the ill usage they found there, whereof he gave good Instances; that he had admitted the English, Dutch and Malayes into his Ports for the great respect they showed him, and the need he had of them; that he had as∣sisted the Portugueses against the Hollanders; that he was no way concerned for the harm

those of Malaca had done the Queen of Pa∣tane, because she was a Madwoman, but she being now dead he had placed one of more Sense there, and desired there might be free Trade with her as well as with Siam; that the Goods of such Portugueses as died in his Dominions should go to their Heirs; that he had ordered all Portugueses who committed any Crimes, should be tried at his Court, to prevent any wrong being done them by the prejudice of Magistrates. Thus our Ambassador was answered and dispatch∣ed, and the King sent with him two Siam Gentlemen, to go his Ambassadors into Spain.

8. There were great Complaints against the Commander of Moçambique Ruy de Melo & Sampayo, for that he robbed the Natives, and did not pay the Soldiers, having pri∣vately strangled some of them, which caused a Mutiny. Francis de Fonseca Pinto was sent from Goa to regulate these Disorders. With him went Salvador Vaz de Gama to succeed Melo, in case he were found Guilty. Melo's Conscience accusing him, he refused to ad∣mit the Judge, who resolved to return to Goa, but hearing that Melo had left open a Wicket of the Fort, he rush'd in, and de∣posing him, gave the Command to Guerra, contrary to what the Viceroy had ordered. He was also to Victual the Fort at Tete, and furnish it with Cloth, that Fort being main∣tained to continue the discovery of the Mines of Monomatapa, which gave great hopes of Profit. But before we relate what

happened at this time, let us refresh the Me∣mory of what was before.

9. In the 10th Chap. of the 3d Part of the 2d Vol. we gave some account of what was acted by some of our Commanders in these Parts. Chunzo a powerful King rebelled a∣gainst the Emperor of Monomotapa, and was subdued by the assistance of the Portugueses; so other Rebels. To gratifie these Favours he for ever gave all his Mines to the King of Portugal, making a resignation of them to Iames Simoens Madera, Commander of Tete, who was then in his Service. The substance of the Instrument was, That he gave all his Mines of Gold, Silver, Copper, Tin, Iron, Lead, to the King of Portugal, upon Con∣dition he should support him in his Throne; That the King should admit of him as his Brother; That the next Year he would send his Son with an Ambassador to Goa; That he had put two Sons, and would soon two Daughters, into the Custody of Iames Si∣moens to be bred Christians. The Emperor ordered Simoens to have an Instrument made hereof; and he asking how he would Sign it, since in his Empire none could write, the Emperor made three Crosses on the Ground, one under the other, and said, he would sign it that way, which accordingly he did.

10. This done, Simoens with his Men ac∣companied the Emperor who was marching towards Ancone that was in Rebellion. Ga∣spar Pereyra Cabral being left behind wound∣ed was carried by Cafres, who run away from him. Simoens understanding it, went

back with one Slave, and helped to carry him on his own back. An Act worthy of memory▪ from a Captain to a Souldier. The Rebel being subdued, Simoens returned to Tete with the Emporor's two Sons. They were baptized by the Names of Philip and Iames. The latter remained there, the other went back to his Father.

11. The Emperor thinking he could now overcome his Enemies without the assistance of Portugueses, marched to the Kingdom of Baroe, and was there defeated; at Mongas he had a Son killed, and Matuzianne usurped the whole Empire. Iames Simoens restored him, and possessed himself of Chicova. Ma∣tuzianne raising new Forces was defeated and killed by the Portugueses. D. Stephen de Ataide raised a Fort at Massapa, and gave that Command to Iames Carvallo, whom he sent to Monomotapa with a present to obtain the Delivery of the Mines.

12. Carvallo went and told the Emperor he had a great Present, but gave him none; and he seeing the Portugueses entred his Lands for Gold without his consent, caused all they had to be taken from them, and many to be killed. Carvallo had with him some Forces belonging to the Emperor, with whose assistance he curbed the Robbers of Quizinga, and supported himself. He resolved to revenge the spoiling of the Por∣tugueses by a horrid Treachery against those that served him, for joining with the Qui∣zinga's, he one Night fell upon the Cafres, and killing many put the rest to flight, who

justly cursed the falseness of the Portu∣gueses.

13. Carvallo fearful of his own Wicked∣ness, abandoned the Fort of Massapa and went to Tete, leaving all the Country in Arms against the Portugueses. All he acted was by order of D. Stephen de Ataide, who, in stead of appeasing the Emperor, threatned him with War. He sent out from Sena, and by his order Carvallo raised another Fort on the Banks of Zambeze, two days Journey from Tete. Iames Simoens Madera was left to Command at Tete, because Ataide returned to Moçambique, hearing the Hollanders were coming thither. D. Stephen perceiving no Dutch appeared in 6 months, returned to Tete. The Emperor sent to offer him Chi∣cova if he would send the ordinary Present, which was a Debt, and no Gift. D. Stephen would not so much as hear the Embassadors, refusing to give a Present of 5000 Crowns, which might have saved much greater Char∣ges, for above 30000 were already lost at Massapa to no purpose.

14. D. Stephen set forward with 150 Men, but being better advised, expected News from Portugal and India. In Iuly he recei∣ved the King's Orders to go to Goa, and give the Command of Tete to Iames Simoens, and that of Moçambique to D. Iohn de Ataide the Viceroy's Brother. D. Stephen obeyed against his Will, leaving Simoens 140 Sol∣diers without any thing to maintain them in that dangerous Conquest. However Simoens made the best on't, and resolved to proceed,

beginning with Chombe a powerful Cafre, de∣manding of him what he owed as our Tri∣butary, and the Restitution of the Portu∣gueses he had. Some infamous Portugueses advised Chombe to take no notice of Simoens, because he could do him no harm. This cau∣sed that King first to slight, and then to mo∣lest him in the Vessels wherein he sailed for Tete. Simoens landing drove the Cafres so, that they troubled him no more.

CHAP. X.

Continues the Government of the Vice∣roy D. Hierome de Azevedo, in the Year 1616.

1. JAmes Simoens Madera raising 6000 Ca∣fres, marched with them and his Portu∣gueses against Chombe at the beginning of September. One night they heard a Voice that said, Chombe rejoyces at your coming, and desires you will make haste, for he is hungry, and expects to feast upon your Bodies. Simoens mar∣ched on, and fortified himself close under the Enemies Works, which were half a League in length, and in breadth propor∣tionable, furnished with 8000 Men. Simoens attacks them twice, but to no effect. Next night a Cafre fled to the Enemy, and from them a Christian Black Woman to us with Advice, That Chombe would fall upon our

Men before day. Simoens expected them with silence, and killing 1000, put the rest to flight.

2. The Enemy proposes a Peace, but no∣thing is concluded. Simoens attempts their Works, but without success; he sends to the Commander of Senna for Succour, who sends him 40 Portugueses, and 3000 Cafres. The Works were again assaulted in vain; soon after some Deserters informed, the Intrench∣ment was weakest on the side of a Lake. Here the Assault was renewed, the Works entred, Chombe put to flight, and the Place given to Quitamho a Cafre, who faithfully served us, on condition to pay what Chombe had denied.

3. Iames Simoens was now bent upon the Conquest of the Silver Mines in Chicova. The Emperor sent to acquaint him,

He again resigned those Mines to him, upon condi∣tion he should not go thither with an Armed Power.

Simoens desired, he would send one to put him in Possession thereof, and to receive Cloth to the value of 4000 Ducats he had to present him. The Em∣peror was satisfied, and Simoens, with Ap∣plause of all the Cafres, took possession of Chicova on the 8th of May, 1614. being put into it by Onanxangue a great Man, Ne∣phew to the Emperor. The first thing he did was to raise a Fort there; the next, to joyn Friendship with a powerful Cafre called Sapoe, and his Country Borore.

4. The Lord of Chicova, now subject to the Portugueses by virtue of the Emperor's Resignation, withdrew himself from them; so that Complaint was made thereof to the Emperor, who gave leave to Depose him, and put another in his Place, sending a Ca∣fre called Cherema to shew the Mines. This Man twice deceived Simoens, causing him to dig in Places where he had hid some Ore, for which reason he was confined; and then shewed another place, of which some hope was conceived, he excusing himself what was done had been by the Emperor's Order. Nevertheless Simoens sent him a Present; he detained the Messengers, and sent word,

He would have Needles, Pins, Knives, Looking-Glasses, Candles, Soap, Zafran, Pepper, and some rich Silks.

He repented the giving of Chicova, and sought occasion of Disagreement, thinking that Simoens could not send what he damanded. But he sending all things, the Emperor seemed satisfied.

5. That D. Philip the Emperor's Son, whom Iames Simoens caused to be Baptized, attempted several times to make his escape to the Portugueses, and was taken; at length he got to the Fort of Chicova, and was joy∣fully received. Hearing there that Chirema was fled to avoid discovering the Mines, he sent for him, pretending to be sent Embas∣sador by his Father, and having rebuked and secured him, went himself to Tete. The Emperor hearing hereof, proffered great Rewards to any would kill his Son. At the

same time it fell out, that a Soldier gather∣ing some Fruit, the Son of the Owner, who was a powerful Man, forbid him; the Sol∣dier complains to his Captain Iames Teyxera Barroso, who without farther examination shot the young Man. The Father, in Re∣venge of his Son's Death, did the Portugueses much harm; and the Emperor declared War, because they entertained his Son against his will.

6. In March, 1615. 10000 Cafres assault the Fort, but were forced thence with great loss, Iames Simoens coming in time with Succour. The Country being clear, Simoens sent some Men with Cherema to discover the Mines; after some days digging they disco∣vered Ore, whereof one half was pure Metal, and some scarce wanted casting. It appeared to be no cheat, some being grown into the Roots of a Tree.

7. Our Commander being assured there were rich Silver Mines, resolved to send three great clods of Ore for a Proof to Spain. The Messengers and Ore were received with great joy at Madrid. Gaspar Bocarro was so ambitious of carrying this News, that after the others were gone, he gave 2000 Ducats to purchase the Employ, and offered to go by Land at his own Expence; but he ended his days at Moçambique.

8. The excessive Heat caused a Sickness in the Fort of Chicova, whereof the Soldiers died in 3 or 4 days. Next followed a Fa∣mine, which gave occasion to the Cafres, who served the Fort and dug in the Mines,

to run away, so that there was no Silver to buy Cloth, and consequently no Cloth to purchase Provisions with at Sape, it being the only Coin that passed there. Iames Si∣moens had acquainted the Viceroy, That Conquest could not be maintained without Relief. The chief Sustenance of that Ga∣rison for some days was a small Fruit, so harsh they could not swallow it, unless rowled in Ashes.

9. The Supplies were sent by the Viceroy to Moçambique, but never reached Chicova, which thereupon was abandoned. The ha∣tred the Lawyer Francis de Fonseca Pinto, to whom the Viceroy had given the whole Charge of the Affair, bore to Iames Simoens, was the cause he was not Relieved, and that important Place lost.

10. This is that Francis de Fonseca Pinto, who (as was said before) took the Com∣mand of Moçambique from Ruy de Melo & Sampayo, and had all Necessaries for Chico∣va, as well of Provisions as Tools to work in the Mines. But his hatred to Simoens diver∣ted him from sending those Succors; besides, he sold all that was to relieve that Place, and converted it to his own use, and seized upon Ruy de Melo's Effects. Iames Simoens pres∣sed him by Letters for Relief, in his last pro∣testing with all his Men,

If the Place were lost, the fault would lie upon him.

11. All the Answer that insolent Fellow returned, was putting Simoens his Nephew, sent to conduct him, in Irons. Then he en∣tred his Lands, and destroyed all that was

there, selling his Slaves; he forbid the In∣habitants on pain of Death corresponding with, or relieving those of Chicova, and sent word to the Emperor, that he might freely kill Simoens, for entring his Domi∣nions without Orders from the Viceroy. Not satisfied to procure his Ruin by those means, he marched towards Chicova with intention to murder him. Simoens under∣standing it withdrew thence, and Pinto hear∣ing of it, though so near, would not relieve the Fort, not examine the Mines as he had in Orders, but returned hastily to Tete, fearing Iames Simoens should meet him. But going back to the Fort, caused the Notary to draw an Instrument, containing the Causes why that Fort was abandoned, to which they all signed. This done, they marched with their Women and Children towards Tete.

12. Weakness caused them to march very slow, and two Soldiers fell dead for want. At Marenga, Simoens received a Summons from Pinto, to appear before him at Tete in 9 Days to answer for himself. But knowing now he had quitted the Fort, sent 2000 Ca∣fres commanded by a Portugues to murder him; they, tho' the opportunity was pre∣sented, would not do it. Simoens stayed in the Country of Inambanzo which was his own, and all the Company went to Tete. There Pinto inquired of them, whether there were any Mines at Chicova, they all unani∣mousl•…•… answered there were. But he in hatred to Simoens desiring to conceal them, with

Threats and Rewards prevailed with each of them single to swear there were none. Then he gave Sentence against Simoens for abandoning the Fort, not considering if there were no Mines there (as he endeavour∣ed to made out) it was no Crime, and that if any fault were it was his own, since the other held it longer than could be required.

13. This done Pinto Promises the Em∣peror a considerable Present, if he would fall upon Simoens at Inambanzo. The Em∣peror not only expelled Simoens those Lands, but so distressed Tete, that they were forced to make up the Present promised by Pinto, to buy his absence, the Emperor positively re∣quiring it at their hands. Iames Simoens after∣wards returned to Tete, being utterly ruined by his good Service, and Pinto who had ruined all was enriched by his Villanies and Rapine. This is what happened about the Mines of Monomotapa. I will only add that the first Com∣mander there, Francis Barreto, was undone by a Divine, and now Iames Simoens the last by a Lawyer; and the King, by employing such Gownmen in things they understand not, lost the great Advantages might be expected from those Mines.

CHAP. XI.

Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo the same Year 1616.

1. THE Inhabitants of the City Meliapor, commonly called St. Thomas, were all divided, killing one another without any regard of Human or Divine Laws, or any Shame, that even the Moors and Gentiles abominated their Wickedness. The occa∣sion was what they call Points of Honour. To appease these Disorders, the Viceroy sent Ruy Diaz de Sampayo with 7 Sail, and 250 Soldiers.

2. Ruy Diaz performed all that was given in Charge to him, and having reconciled the Citizens of S. Thomas, sent 6 of his Ships to scour the Coast of Carriero under the Com∣mand of Peter Gomez de Sousa, a Man more couragious than discreet. At Montepoli he made cruel havock, surprizing the Inhabi∣tants. As he returned with great Booty, and many Women and Children, an ancient Moor appeared upon the Shore, who coming to our Men told them, he was much wrong∣ed by Cotamuza King of Goloconda, and therefore would not only turn Christian, but show them a Fort (meaning that of Carriero) they might easily surprize. This was all a Fiction devised by a Moor, who seeing

what was done by our Men, had gathered 600 Moors, and lay in Ambush to see whe∣ther Peter Gomez would suffer himself to be deceived by this Messenger.

3. Peter Gomez, though warned that all this was Treachery, gave Credit to the Moor, followed him a League, and there fell into the Ambush, where he and all his Captains, save one that was left at St. Thomas, with 130 Portugueses were all slain, 25 taken, and only 30 escaped by flight: 186 Indians were killed in the Action.

4. Ioseph Pereyra de Sampayo, who was left Prisoner by Peter Gomez, carried the remainder of the Men and Ships to S. Thomas. The Moors sent the Portugueses they had taken to the King of Goloconda, who com∣plained to F. Bartholomew Dias, sent to him by the Bishop of Meliapor, that the Portu∣gues should enter his Country in hostil man∣ner, at the same time they treated amicably with him. The King admitted the weak excuse, that it was not done by order of the Government, and delivered the Prisoners upon condition those of Montepoli should be restored.

5. D Emanuel de Meneses sailed from Lisbon with 3 Ships for India, one of them springing a Leake was forced to put into the Port again; another arrived safe at Goa, after being parted from D Emanuel by a Storm on the Coast of Guinea. D. Emanuel near the Island of Madagascar met 4 Eng∣lish Ships, the Commander of them sent to order our Captain aboard, who refused,

but sent an Understanding Man to view their Strength, and he returning said publickly, that the Enemy's Admiral alone was too strong for our Ship. D. Emanuel taking him aside, blamed his Indiscretion for dis∣heartning the Men; then he sent word to the English, that since their Kings were at Peace, there was no reason the Subjects should break it; that they should bear off, and not come a head of him. Neverthe∣less the least of the 4 did, he fired at her, and then all the 4 at him.

6. Night came on, our Ship held her Course, and in the Morning found her self among some Islands near the Head of that called Mannoto. The Enemy coming on, and the Wind calming, we were forced to engage, our Vessel was soon unmasted, and made the best it could for the Island Anga∣giza. The English sent to tell D. Emanuel he was running to his Ruine; that if he would surrender himself, all the Men should be landed at Suratte, whence they might travel by Land to Goa; he answered, if any more such Message were sent him, he would hang him that carried it. The Ship driving towards the Shore with the Tide, stuck be∣tween two Rocks, which proved the saving of all the Men, who got ashore leaping a narrow Gut, into which many fell for haste.

7. As soon as landed, the Cafres received them with showers of Stones. They were appeased with some Gifts, and the help of some Musket Balls let fly among them by Ioseph Alvarez Torres, who (though it was

plain their Safety consisted in their Arms) advised they should be cast into the Sea, be∣cause the Cafres would not furnish them with Provisions as long as they were armed. D. Emanuel consented, and scarce were they seen next day unarmed, when the Cafres stripped them even of their Shirts. Some travelled up the Country, and others along the Shore; the latter in two Days found no Water to drink, were consumed with the heat of the Sun, and some died for want.

8. The 3d Day they met other Cafres, who seeing nothing to take from them, gave them Milk and Water with Signs of Com∣passion. Sebastian Prestes, the Pilot of the Ship, attempted to save himself with a few Men in the Boat, and coasting along the Island, met Chande a Noble Moor of Pate, who was sailing for the Island Madagascar with two Pangayos. He told the Pilot that King was his Friend, and for his sake would use them all well. The Pilot sent to ac∣quaint D. Emanuel, and it appeared those Cafres with whom he was, were that King's Subjects. They all came to the Port, and the Moor gave each of them a Cloath to cover his Nakedness. Here it appeared how little the Cafres esteem what we most value, they gave many Pieces of Eight for a Rag scarce worth a Farthing, and fetching Bags full of Money out of the Ship, scattered it about the Rocks, and putting their Heads into the Bags were very well pleased.

9. It may well be doubted whether a Por∣tugues would have done with 600 Moors, as

this Moor did with 600 Portugueses in that miserable Condition. He maintained them, gave them Cloaths, which sold to the Cafres had been worth much Money; justly resto∣red them Jewels of great value wherewith they entrusted him, and gave them his two Pangayos to go over to Mombaça. They arrived thither on the 4th of September, and were maintained and clothed by the Charity of that little Town. On the 10th of that Month they Embarqued, and arrived safe at Goa. The Viceroy sent Presents to D. Emanuel de Meneses, and comforted him for his Loss. D. Hierome Manuel, who com∣manded the homeward bound Ships about the Islands of Flores fought with 4 Pirats, and put into the Island Tercera, whence he came to Portugal with the Ship that was put back the Year before.

10. The Trade of the Port of Soar in A∣rabia much lessened the Customs of Ormuz and Mascate. To remedy this the Viceroy sent D. Francis Rolim with a Galley and five other Vessels, who joined D. Vasco de Gama Admiral of that Sea with five Sail more at Mascate. Amer, Head of a Hord of Arabs, to revenge himself upon Mahomet King of Soar, took part with us, and marched by Land with 1200 Men. Our Men landed, and possessed themselves of some Mosques to secure themselves till the Cannon was set a∣shore.

11. A Fort on a Hill was first attacked, but so well defended it could not be entred that Day, tho' Mahomet who commanded it

was killed with a Musket-Ball. We lost a Captain and 6 Men. In the Morning the Trenches were entred, then a Mosque, and lastly a Town, where many Women and Children were made Prisoners, and much Booty found. In this Action we lost 6 Men more. The Fort not able to hold out for want of Men surrendred; and the King's Brother being taken, was put to Death Our Men violated the Articles they had made, killing and plundering many of them that marched out. And having agreed with A∣mer, that there should •…•…e no Prisoners made, yet they took several Girls on pretence of Breeding them Christians, as if that were an excuse for Breach for Faith. Iohn de Sousa was left to Command that Fort, and Antony Pimenta joined with him, as skilled in the Affairs of that Country.

12. At Cananor happened an accident sad enough, and yet ridiculous. The Nayres show no Mercy to a Thief, tho' the thing stolen be of no value. They impale the Criminal, and leave him to be eaten by the Birds. An Indian that was turned Christian stole a Knife, the Nayres apprehended him, and sent to acquaint the Judge of the Portu∣gueses at Cananor. He returned answer, they should kill him. They instantly cut off his Head, thinking it was a piece of Civility, being he was a Christian, to kill him our way. Our Commander, Nicholas Soveral, sent some Soldiers to fetch the Body, and revenge his Death on the Nayres, as if they had not obtained leave for what they did.

The Soldiers killed a Nayre, which provo∣ked them in great numbers to besiege the Fort with great Threats, if Satisfaction was not given them. Our Cammanders made show of hanging one of Soveral's Servants to appease the Nayres; and being cut down put him into a Coffin, as if he were really dead. The Nayres were satisfied, and our Men as well pleased that this Fiction had passed upon them, as if the Condescention had not been equal, whether the Act was faigned or real.

13. The King of Ova, or Avaa (for both Names are given him) fearing the Kings of Siam and Arracam, his Enemies should come to an accommodation with the Portugueses, sent Ambassadors to settle a Peace with us, excusing the killing of Philip de Brito Nicote, offering to restore the Prisoners he had taken, and to assist us against the King of Arracam, of whose great Treasure he de∣sired nothing for himself, but the white Elephant. The Viceroy accepted of the Ambassadors Proposals, and sent back with them Martin de Costa Falcam to ratifie the Agreement. He spent many Days in sollici∣ting an hour's Audience, at length it was appointed at Midnight, and he was led in the dark to a Place where they ordered him to speak, for the King heared; he spoke and saw no King, nor heard no answer. He signified the desire he had of seeing the King, and was ordered to wait his going abroad. He went out one Day upon an Ele∣phant, and knowing Falcam waited in the

Street to see him, never so much as turned his Eyes that way. Such was the account he made of our Embassy, so the Ambassador returned to Goa without concluding any thing.

14. Let us conclude this Year with an account of a Monster. In September was born at Chaul this Monster, whose Head and Face were as round as a Ball, the Mouth of excessive bigness, the Nose quite flat, the Eyes very little, the Ears vastly big like those of an Elephant, the Neck extream thick, in other respects like a Pig. It died the hour it was born.

CHAP. XII.

Continues the Government of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo, in the Year 1617.

1. THE Affairs of Ceylon were in a dan∣gerous Condition, for we had three powerful Enemies, but few Men to oppose them, and lost the Forts of Sofragam and Balane. Our Enemies were the King, the Chingala Antony de Barreto and Nicapeti, who though overcome still was strong. Our Ge∣neral, D. Nunno Alvares Pereyra, divided his Men, who with much hazard put all to the Fire and Sword, sparing neither Sex nor Age; for neither Mercy obliged the Chin∣gala's,

nor did Cruelty terrifie them. The Particulars are not worth relating, let us see what happened with Nicapeti.

2. Our Forces marched after Nicapeti from Pelandu to Catugambala, Devamede and Cor∣nagal, taking some Forts by the way, kill∣ing many, and carrying away 600 Prisoners. The Tyrant retired to Talampeti his usual Refuge, our Men advanced to Polpeti in sight of the Enemies Camp, and forcing their Works passed to Balapane of Religiam, whence they sent away the Prisoners and wounded Men. It was debated in Counsel what was best to be done, and the worst advice prevailed, so D. Constantine marched with a Party towards Alicur after Barreto, and heard he was fortified with 6000 Men at Iatipara, having secured all the Women of the Araches and Lascarines, and that Ni∣capeti was at Moratena. Our Men being di∣vided did little, and had performed much more, if the best advice, which was to keep together, had been followed. The Chin∣gala's when the Portugueses prevailed offer'd submission, but upon any ill success of ours recanted. At last our Forces quite harassed, went into Quarters at Botale.

3. At this time Laurence Perez de Car∣vallo sailed from Goa for Ceylon with Men and Ammunition in a Pink, all at his own proper Charge. A Counsel being held be∣fore our General D. Nunno Alvarez at Co∣lumbo, the result was, That he marched in Person with a considerable force to drive Barreto from Sofragam and Mature; Luis

Gomez Pinto was left with his Regiment to secure Alicur, and oppose Nicapeti, and E∣manuel Cesar stayed at Botale with 100 Men. It was about the End of March, when those who were for Sofragam set out, carrying Laurence Lopez Carvallo with them. Our Parties were successful on all sides, driving the Enemy from their Works, and slaughter∣ing them in the Woods.

4. In May our Army advanced towards Nicapeti, who was well fortified at Moratena, yet fled towards Candea with such speed, that our Army could not keep with him. Luis Gomez Pinto with his Men and two Com∣panies more was detatched to pursue him, who was so intent upon overtaking Nicapeti, that he passed by several rich Booties that offered by the way. At length he overtook him in the Deserts of Anorojapure, and un∣expectly fell in with him. Nicapeti having killed one of our Lascarines with an Arrow, fled to the Woods, his Men made a small stand till 60 were slain, and then took the same shelter of the Woods. Nicapeti's Wives called Queens, and a Grandson of Raju, and Nephew of Madune, who used to be at Uva with Barreto, were taken. The Fame of this Victory brought the Inhabitants of the Corlas loaded with Rice to submit them∣selves to our General at Malvana, which had been much distressed, but for this unexpected Victory that happened about Iuly.

5. The News hereof also moved Anaras Pandar, King of Pandar, to send his Ambas∣sadors with 32 Portugueses he had Prisoners

to treat of Peace. Our General sent his Letters to Goa, and the Viceroy read them in Council. The Contents were, That a per∣petual Peace should be settled; That he would become Tributary to Portugal with the yearly acknowledgment of 4 Elephants, and a quantity of Cinnamon; That he would repair and restore the Fort of Balane; That he would consent to the raising another in Candea; That his Kingdom should be con∣firmed upon him, and his three Sons. All the Conditions were admitted, only in what related to setling the Kingdom on him and his Heirs, care should be had that nothing of the Claim the Portugueses have to it were diminished. Yet afterwards finding us less formidable, he recanted of part of the Con∣ditions, and the Peace was concluded only with the yearly Tribute of two Elephants.

6. The King of Portugal had a Title to the Kingdom of Iafanapatan, that King dy∣ing and leaving his Son a Child under the Tuition of his Brother Chingali, a fair op∣portunity was offered of seizing that Crown, but other Affairs diverting our Forces, the Viceroy ordered Chingalij should continue his Possession with the Title of Governor.

7. The Cities of Baçaim and Chaul, and Lands of Trapor and Tana, were consumed by Discord among the Portugueses, and some of them were daily killed. Bacaim chiefly was full of Broils, occasioned by Ferdinand de Miranda and Andrew de Abreu. To sup∣press these Disorders, the Council sent thi∣ther Dominick Cardoso de Melo Judge of the

Criminal Court, and with him D. Peter de Azevedo Commander of the North. We shall hereafter see God's Judgments on that City and the other Places, to convince those Men they could not escape his Justice, tho' they did that of Men.

8. Ruy de Melo, who was deprived of his Command of Moçambique by the Judge Fr. de Fonseca Pinto, went to Goa, and being tryed was cleared of all the Crimes laid to his Charge, and ordered to be restored to his Post; Iames de Cunna & Castellobranco Judge of the Criminal Court, was sent to restore him. The Viceroy charged Melo to forget past Grudges, to take care of the Peace and Preservation of that Place, and not to offend Guerra or Pinto; and the more to secure the latter, continued his former Commission during his stay in those Parts. The same Charge he gave to the Judge Cunna.

9. Melo and Cunna sailed from Goa in two Vessels, and Cunna arrived first at Moçam∣bique in May. As soon as he came he pro∣mised to reconcile him to Melo, and in re∣turn desired him to secure Pinto, contrary to the Viceroy's Orders, which made their Power equal. Pinto coming with above 100000 Crowns he had gathered by Extor∣tion, was put into Irons. Being a Prisoner in the Fort he made use of his Rhetorick, telling Guerra how much he was beholden to him, and offering, if he would release him and secure Cunna, to give him sufficient Certificates to save his Reputation, and clear

him of all Crimes at Goa. This he said, be∣cause Guerra's guilt was no less than his own.

10. Guerra overcome with these Promises, releases Pinto, and sending for Cunna on pre∣tence of Business detains him Prisoner. He seeing himself in the Power of his two great∣est Enemies, whose design was to stay him at Moçambique, giving 18000 Ducats secu∣rity, got loose and escaped to Mombaça, where Ruy de Melo was detained. They two with Simon de Melo Pereyra, Commander of that Fort, and Emanuel Freyre de Andrade gave Sentence of Death against Guerra, as a Rebel. Melo and Cunna Embarque for Moçambique; mean while Pinto to secure his Gold was sailing for Goa. Guerra was advised not to stay the coming of his Enemies, yet he did, and receiving Melo at the Gate deliver'd him the Keys. Melo, or his Son (for in this particular Relations vary) embracing Guerra stabbed him, then spurning and reviling, caused him to be apprehended. A few Days after he was condemned to be hanged, and tho' he offered to fit out a compleat Gal∣leon for the King's Service to purchase Life, was executed.

11. The Chineses provoked by the Inso∣lencies of the Portugueses at Macao, were drawing together Forces to expel them. The Mandarines of the Province of Quantung, sent to them first to reproach them of their Crimes, ordering that either they should for the future resolve to live honestly, or immediately withdraw from thence with their Wives and Children. The Portugu•…•…ses

pleaded innocence, excused their Faults, and promised for the time to come to ob∣serve their Laws.

12. D. Garcia de Silva (of whom mention was made before) was still at Goa, in order to go Ambassador to Persia. The Reason of his stay was because that King continued to commit Hostilities, having taken from us Bandel of Comoram in Arabia. Yet now he resolved to send an Ambassador to Spain, and chose for this Employ Robert Sherley an Englishman.

13. The Persian sending an Ambassador to Spain, it was thought the Spaniard might safely go to him. D. Garcia began to make ready, but his long stay at Goa having been chargeable, he demanded 30000 Ducats of the Viceroy, who was forced to give him the best part of that Sum; but this being in the dead of Winter, his Voyage was put off till Spring, and I cannot find any farther account what became of him or his Embassy.

14. The Viceroy, to gratifie the King of Macassa for his kind Entertainment of Gon∣çalo Rodrigues de Sousa, answered his Letter, and sent him a Present by Augustin Labato, who sailed from Goa on the 3d of October with 2 Galliots. On the way he took two Vessels of Achem, and being well received and dispatched by the King of Macassa, he sailed then loaden with Provisions for Ternate. He fought two Dutch Vessels, landed the Provisions, returned again and brought more from Macassa, then going to Manila winter'd there.

15. The Portugueses sailing from Malaca to Manila, found there was a Days diffe∣rence between those two Places; that is, they who go from Malaca think they arrive at Manila on a Sunday, and it is Monday; and the contrary from Manila to Malaca. The reason is, that those who sail to the Eastward at every 15 Degrees have the Sun rising an hour sooner, and they who to the Westward an hour later. From Portugal to India 7 hours are gained, the rest from Goa to Manila, which added to those lost between Manila and Spain, make up the difference of a whole Day.

16. Our Viceroy earnestly desired to hear of the many Portugueses were said to be cast away on the Island of Madagascar since the Discovery of India, as also to plant the Christian Faith there, and settle a friendly Correspondence with the Kings thereof, to the Exclusion of the Hollanders out of those Ports. To this effect he sent thither several Vessels during his Government. I have thought fit not to divide the Relation of those Expeditions, and therefore place them together in the following Chapters.

CHAP. XIII.

Particular Discoveries made in the Island of Madagascar, or St. Lawrence, by order of the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo.

1. THE Viceroy, in pursuance of the King's Orders for discovery of the Affairs of the Island Madagascar, or St. Law∣rence, fitted out a Caravel for that Expedi∣tion under the Command of Paul Rodriguez de Costa, with Soldiers, two Jesuits, and In∣terpreters.

2. They set sail from Goa at the end of Ianuary, and reached that Island about the middle of April. The circumference of it is about 600 leagues, the length 260, and lies North-North-East, and South-South-West; the breadth, where most, is not above 80 leagues on the South part, and less North∣ward, for there it ends in a Point which bears the Name of St. Ignatius, and is about •…•…5 leagues in length from East to West. It is therefore divided into 3 parts; the first made by an imaginary Line drawn from East to West at Cape St. Andrew, forms the North part: The other two are divided by a ridge o•…•… Mountains running from the said 〈◊◊〉〈◊◊〉 the middle of the Island to Cape 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…omanus.

3. I will not name the Kingdoms it con∣tains, because they are too many, and confu∣sed. It is very Populous, the Inhabitants living in Cities and Town of different extent and grandeur, well watered, and diversified with Mountains, Valleys, Bays, and Ports. The Names of Madagascar and St. Lawrence are given it by Strangers, the Natives ha∣ving no general Name thereof. There is no certainty of the first Planting of it. The generality of the Natives, called Buques, have no Religion, and consequently no Priests, or Churches. Any body circumcises the Chil∣dren between 5 and 7 Years of Age.

4. They are not all of a Colour, some quite Black, with curled Hair; some not so dark, with lank Hair; some like Mulato's; and some up the Inlands whiter, yet of both sorts of Hair. Of Stature large, well made and strong, of a clear judgment, and apt to learn. Every Man has as many Wives as he can or will, and turns them off at pleasure, and they find other Husbands. The Hus∣band gives the Portion, saying, It is a Recom∣pence for their Fathers by whom they were bred for them. Their Funeral Obsequies consist in Feasting the Guests. The Mourning, in laying aside all marks of Joy, cutting the Hair, or covering the Face and Body with Clay.

5. Their Government is Monarchical, the Kings are called Andias, Anrias, and Dias, without any dependance on another. They are continually in War, the end whereof is rather Plunder than Slaughter. No Arms

were found among them, but some Guns gi∣ven by the Moors and Hollanders, which they do not use, and are fearful of them in their own hands. Their Merchandize is excellent Amber, white Sandal, Tortoises, Ebony, other sweet Woods, and abundance of Slaves. There is plenty of all sorts of Cattle. Their Goat is as sweet as our Mutton, They have abundance of Sea-Cows, Sea-Horses, Mon∣keys, some say Tigers, and Snakes not very very venomous. No Elephants, Horses, Asses, Lions, Bears, Deer, Foxes, nor Hares.

6. This is the Island of Madagascar, where our Discoverers now were in a large Bay near Masialage, in which is an Island half a league round, which contains a City of 8000 Inha∣bitants, most of them Weavers of excellent Stuffs made of the Palm-Tree, in the Lati∣tude of 16 degrees. Here the Moors used to buy Boys, whom they carried to Arabia to serve their Lust. The King of this Place was called Samamo, with whom Friendship was established, and he granted Leave to Preach the Gospel. They coasted almost 40 leagues Westward, discovering the mouth of the great River Balue in the Latitude of somewhat more than 16 degrees. Turning Cape St. Andrew, they saw the River and Kingdom of Casame in 17 degrees of Lati∣tude, where they found little Water, and had much Trouble. Here also Amity was esta∣blished with the King, called Sampilla, a dis∣creet old Man, but in all this way heard no News of the Portugueses sought after. About the middle of May; on Whi•…•…sunday, Mass was

said on Shore, and two Crosses set up, which that King seemed to be pleased at, promi∣sing to restore them if at any time they fell.

7. In the Holy-days they discovered a small Island in 18 degrees of Latitude, which they call Espiritu Santo; half a degree far∣ther Banks of Sand 9 leagues in length, where they were in some danger. On Tri∣nity-Sunday they landed further on, were again in danger of Sands, anchored at the 7 Islands of Cuerpo de Dios in 19 degrees of Latitude, near the River and Kingdom Sa∣dia, to which they came on the 19th of Iune, and found scarce Water enough for Caravels. The Kingdom is large, the City on the Banks of the River has about 10000 Inhabitants, great plenty of Flesh, Indian Wheat, Tar, Tortoises, Sandal, Ebony, and sweet Woods, the People black, simple, but good natured, and have no Trade. The King's Name was Capitape, an ancient Man, much respected, and very sincere. He esta∣blished Peace, and gave his Son to guide our Men, and assist them along that Coast. All along this Coast from Massalaje to Sadia, which are 130 leagues, is used the Language of the Cafres. All the rest of the Island uses the Language called Buqua, which is the Native.

8. Turning towards the South they dis∣covered the Country of the Buques, a very wicked and poor People, feeding upon the Spawn of Fish. The Inland Kings, who are more powerful, oppress them. They passed

by the River Mane; that of Saume in 20 de∣grees 15 minutes of South Latitude; Mano∣puta in 20 degrees 30 minutes, (here they heard of Portugueses;) Isango in 21 degrees; Terrir 21 degrees 30 minutes; the 7 Islands of St. Elizabeth in 22 degrees. On the 11th of Iuly they came into the Port of St. Fe∣lix in 22 degrees, and heard somewhat of Portugueses from Dissamuto the King.

9. Our Men offering a Silver Chain here for some Provisions, the Natives gave it to an old Woman to try whether it was right, she said, That 3 days Journey down a River there was an Island inhabited long since by a white Warlike People, habited like our Men, that wore Crosses about their Necks, and lived upon Rapine, that they easily took what they would, being Armed with Spears and Guns. Our Men were pleased at this Information, and here whilst they were at Mass, the Prince of Loquexa with a Black ran away. Three Portugueses catched him, and he begged they would kill him; being brought back and better treated, he wholly submitted to their will.

10. Passing by the Bay of St. Bonaven∣ture, and the mouth of the River Massiman∣ga, they entred the Port Santa Clara, whi∣ther Diamassuto came to them, concluded a Peace, and on his knees worshipped the Cru∣cifix. They were told, that white People resorted to the Neighbouring Port, which were supposed to be Hollanders. Going on they found Banks of Sand not set down in the Charts, and entred the Port in 24 de∣grees

of Latitude. The People were affable, their King's Name Diacomena; they said, That on the opposite Coast there were Por∣tugueses who had been cast away, and fed Cattle; that the Hollanders had been there three times, and left them four Musketiers, with whose help they made War on their Enemies. Friendship was established here, upon condition they should not again admit the Hollanders. Some Inscriptions were found carved on Trees, one of them had these words, Christophorus Neoportus Anglus Cap. And another, Dominus Robertus Schurleius Comes, Legatus Regis Persarum.

11. In the Latitude of 25 degrees, en∣tring a Port they called it of St. Augustin, the Name of the Kingdom is Vavalinta, the King's Diamacrinali a Buque, who no sooner saw the Portugueses but he said, Are these some of the Men of the other Coast? This confirmed what had been heard of the Por∣tugueses before; and the King, being asked, said, They were 6 days sail thence. In Sep∣tember our Men saw Cape St. Mary, where they spent 40 days in stormy weather, and on St. Luke's day entred the Port of the same Name in the Kingdom of Enseroe. The Natives said, That half a day's Journey off there were white People with Crosses, who had a great Town. Randumana the King came to the Caravel, and sent one of his Subjects with a Portugues to shew him where he said those White Men were, but the Black left our Man half way.

12. Among others, there came thither to Trade with our Men a King with above 500 fighting Men, his Sons almost white, their Hair long, wearing Gowns and Breeches of Cotton of several colours, with Silver But∣tons, Bracelets, and other Jewels of Gold, Pearl, and Coral. This King's Name was Bruto Chembanga; his Kingdom, called Mata∣cassi, borders upon Enseroe on the West. He shewed Arabick Books. He said, The Por∣tugueses were all dead, who not far from thence had built a Town of Stone, and wor∣shipped a Cross, on the foot whereof were unknown Characters. He drew all on the Sand, repeated Portugues Sirnames, and de∣manded much Gold for telling his knowledge herein. Some of his Men wore Crosses, and informed our People, there were two Holland Ships in Port St. Lucy or Mangascafe.

13. In a small Island here was found a square Stone Fort, and at the foot of it carved on a piece of Marble the Arms of Portugal, with this Inscription, REX PORTUGALENSIS ☉ S. Many Judgments were made of that Circle be∣tween the two last S's, but nothing of cer∣tainty can be concluded.

14. The King Chambanga desired a Portu∣gues might be sent to his Court to treat about important Affairs, leaving a Nephew Hostage for his safe return. The Master Antony Gonçalez, and F. Peter Freyre, were sent, who at 12 leagues distance found his Court, called Fansaria, very populous and magnificent. He Treated them well at first,

then coldly; but they making him a consi∣derable Present, they were good Friends, and he delivered them his eldest Son to be carried to Goa, desiring as Hostages for him the two Jesuits, and four other Portugueses, to whom he gave the Island of St. Cruz to live in.

15. These People are descended from the Moors, and call themselves Zelima's; they use the Alcoran in Arabick, and have Faquies who teach them to write and read; they eat no Bacon, are Circumcised, and some marry several Wives.

CHAP. XIV.

Continues the Discoveries in the Island Madagascar under the Vice-Roy D. Hie∣rome de Azevedo.

1. THE same King told the Portugueses▪ That in his Father's time a Ship of theirs was cast away on that Coast; that about 100 of the Men came ashore, some brought their Wives, others married there, and left a numerous Offspring. He repea∣ted several of their Names, and shewed a Book writ in Portugues and Latin, and some Maps, and concluded, saying, There were more Portugueses on that Coast 7 days Journey Northward.

2. Inquiring further, our Men found an old Man 90 Years of Age, who had known

the Portugueses that were cast away there, and could remember still some odd Words of our Language. The Ships that were lost, and never known where since the disco∣very of India, were as follows. In the Year 1504, three Ships; one in the Year 1505; in 1527, two were cast away on the Island Madagascar, and the Men remained there for want of Vessels to transport them; four were lost the Year 1534, not known where; one more in the Year 1538. The Portugueses, those People spoke of, must be∣long to some of these Ships.

3. Our Men all set their hands to work, and built a small Chapel and House for the four Portugueses and two Religious Men, who were to remain there. The Work done, Mass was said, and many of the Natives came to learn to make the sign of the Cross. The King seeing some Men labour under a Cross that was to be set upon a Rock run half naked and bare footed, and carried it alone to the Place appointed. The Portu∣gueses might say, they had found another Emperor Heraclius, for after this pious Action he became wicked, in this manner.

4. Our Captain being ready to sail, de∣manded that Son the King had promised to send with him; and he not only refused to perform, but denied he had made any such Promise, and offered a Slave. The Captain seeing this change, sent the Master and Pilot with some Men to demand Hostages, that a Portugues might go to Port St. Lucy to sound it, and see an Inscription the Natives said was

in that place. If the King granted this, they were to require no more; if not▪ to endea∣vour to bring away by force one of his Sons.

5. The Peace thus broke, and some At∣tempts of getting one of the King's Sons failing, some Portugueses marched with their Muskets. The King dreaded them, but kept his Men in readiness▪ a Fray ensuing, they catched one of his Sons 11 Years of Age, who was his Darling. The King endeavou∣red to rescue him, but was repulsed by our Shot. The Subjects of another King came to offer any thing for the Boy's Ransom; but being told, it was the Viceroy's Com∣mand, the King's Promise, and that they should lose their Heads if they did not carry him, they went away satisfied. Thus ended the Year 1613. The Child came to Goa about the middle of the Year 1614, the Viceroy caused him to be well instructed in the Faith by the Jesuits, and was his God∣father in Baptism, giving him the Name of Andrew because it was on that Apostle's day, and the Sirname of Azevedo as his God∣child.

6. The Viceroy treated him with all Ho∣nour and Magnificence, hoping to gain him, that when he succeeded his Father, he might forward the Propagation of the Gospel▪ and believing he was sufficiently grounded, sent him away with four J•…•…s. The Ves∣sels were a Pink and a Caravel, commanded by Peter de Almeyda Cabral, and Iohn Car∣doso de Pin•…•…, who set out on the 17th of

September 1616, and on the 20th of March they discovered the Island Del Cisue, or The Sw•…•…n, a most delightful Place, watered with pure Springs, and bearing several unknown Plants and Herbs, besides many known both Sweet and Medicinal. The Religious on the Barks of the Trees carved the time of their arrival there, and planted some Crosses.

7. In this Island there are two Mountains that overtop the Clouds. The Wreck of two Holland Ships was found there. Our Ships entred Port St. Lucas, in the Island of Madagascar. The King and Queen came 〈◊〉〈◊〉 receive their Son with great joy, and delive∣red Hostages at taking him away.

8. With the Prince went the Fathers and six Soldiers. He was every where till he came to the Court, received with demon∣strations of Joy, which to us seem ridicu∣lous, as those used by us would appear to them. This done, the King made the same Agreement with our Captain that had been with the former, which was, that the Reli∣gious should inhabit the Island of Santa Cruz, and thence have the liberty to go out and Preach the Gospel; that there should be a League Offensive and Defensive between the King and Portugueses. So the Fathers, Al∣meyda and Costa, went to the Fort of Santa Cruz, and D. Andrew the King's Son sent them Workmen and Provisions.

9. The Captain Peter de Almeyda had Or∣ders to carry the King to Goa; or if he re∣fused, another Son, which, if not consented to, should be taken by force. A Son being

demanded, he answered, He had but one, who was too young for that Voyage. Almeyda think∣ing this was but an Excuse, began to commit Hostilities, but being * 1.1 informed it was true, desisted. Yet he car∣ried away Anria Sambo the King's Nephew, who was Baptized at Goa by the Name of Hierome.

10. Being now a Christian, he was sent to his Country in a Pink, commanded by Emanuel Freyre de Andrade, with 100 Sol∣diers, 2 Jesuits, and a Present worth 4000 Ducats for the King and Prince. They set out in the beginning of February, and being forced to water at the Island Del Cisne, or The Swan, they saw three Ships sunk at the mouth of a River. Our Men landing, found 2 leagues from the Shore 20 Hollanders guard∣ing the Goods they had saved. They made some opposition, but being overcome, Freyre carried them to his Pink, with a great quan∣tity of Clove, Pepper, Arms, Ammunition, and Provision, then fired all that was left. The Hollanders said, They came from the Molucco Islands with a Pass from their Admi∣ral Lawrence Ales.

11. Freyre coming into Port St. Lucas, the two Jesuits came to him, both sick, affirming it was impossible to live there, and that those who had been left with them were dead. The Captain sent the King the Letters he had for him, and a Present, by his Nephew D Hierome's Servants. The King in return sent 100 fat Oxen, much Fowl, Honey, and 6 Slaves, but would not come himself; and

it was found, that his Son D. Andrew fell off from the Faith into Mahometanism. The Sadio's and Fansayr•…•…'s are Mahometan Cafres, and love the liberty of having many Wives. The King was a Fansayr•…•…, and now designed to destroy Freyre by Treachery. The cause of this Change was a Chingala, Slave to the Jesuits, who running away from them, per∣swaded the King the Portugueses would de∣prive him of his Kingdom, and undertook to destroy them. Many Cafres coming to the Shore, to this purpose began a Fray, giving F. Almeyda a cuff, then Stones and Darts began to fly, but our Bullets also fly∣ing, some were killed, and their Quarters hung upon the Trees for an Example, and one of their Towns was burnt.

12. Emanuel Freyre carried away with him the King's Nephew D. Hierome, and a Bro∣ther of his taken in the Skirmish with the Cafres, who was converted, and died at Goa. All the Jesuits agreed to desist from that Mission, and depart with the Captain, though he opposed them, and came to Goa, where the Viceroy not allowing their weak Excuses, much condemned their remisness in that Af∣fair.

13. Towards the end of this Year arrived in India D. Iohn Coutinno Count de Redondo, who was to succeed the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo, and of whom * 1.2 we shall next treat. D. Hierome returned to Portugal in the same Ship that had carried the Count, and no sooner anchored at Lisbon but he was made Prisoner, and put into the

Dungeon of the Castle. He was disrespect∣fully treated, after a long Imprisonment, had a Hearing, and then again was worse used. The chief Crime laid to his Charge, was not fighting the Hollanders.

14. He was so rich at his entring upon the Government, that Nunno de Cunna tel∣ling him after all his Misfortunes, he was still worth 4 or 500000 Ducats; he answe∣red, I am worth that in Cattle. Notwith∣standing all this Riches, he died poor in Prison, and the King got nothing by it. His Liberality was so great, he gave the value of several thousand Ducats in one Present of Curiosities at Ceylon. He was of the Ancient and Noble Family of Azevedo, a Soldier of Valour, and wise Commander, and zealous Viceroy.

15. But it is not amiss to observe, that though this Gentleman could not justly Suffer for the Crimes laid to his Charge, yet these his Misfortunes were a Judgment from the Hand of GOD for his extraordinary Cru∣elty. In the height of his Success in C•…•…ylon, he forced Mothers to cast their Children be∣tween Mill-stones, and having seen them ground to Mash, they were afterwards Be∣•…•…eaded.

16. He caused the Soldiers to take up Children on the Points of their Pikes, and hearing them cry, bid them hark how those Cocks crowed. Playing upon the likeness of the Names, those People being called Gala's, and Cocks in Portugues Galo's. He caused many Men to be cast off the Bridge of M•…•…∣vana,

for the Souldiers to see the Crocodils devour them. And those Creatures were so used to this Food, that at a Whistle they would lift their Heads above Water.

17. D. Hierome was of a middle Stature, thick and swarthy, his under Lip hanging, and always moist, a certain Token of Cruelty. He was reduced to such Extremity in Prison, that the Society of Iesus maintained, and after his Death decently buried him. He held the Government almost five Years, and was one of them who best deserved it. Of Viceroys he is the 22th, of Governors the 42th, the 1st of the Name and Sirname.

CHAP. XV.

The Government of the Viceroy D. John Coutinno Count de Rodendo, from the Year 1617 till 1619.

1. THis Year sailed from Lisbon D. Iohn Coutinno Count de Rodondo with sour Ships, one whereof was forced back from the Line. During his Government, which lasted not two Years compleat, there hap∣pened wonderful Prodigies, Storms, Dearths, and other Judgments. I will give an ac∣count of the most remarkable, dividing that from what relates to his Government, which shall be first spoke of.

2. The War continued at Mangalor, where Salvador Ribeyro Marinno commanded, who

being assisted by D. Iames Coutinno, Com∣mander in Chief of Malabar, took the Field against 11000 Natives, and destroyed many with the loss of 6 Men. The little King of that Banguel, or District, who was our Friend, not able to maintain it against his Enemy Bentacanayque, made it over to us to defend it. Antony de Saldanna was left to command there afterwards. D. Francis de Meneses de Bacaim was sent to his assi∣stance with an allowance of 4000 Crowns; for now the Wages were grown grea∣ter than the Employments. The Men landing in disorder, the Moors, who lost no advantage, slew some; but the others forming themselves put them to flight. For some time they were kept under by 300 Por∣tugueses and 1000 Indians.

3. Soon after another Skirmish happening with the Canara's, the Plain was covered with the dead Bodies. In August the Vice∣roy sent thither Francis de Miranda Enriquez with 8 sail, and by the end of the same Month 4000 of the Enemy were slain, with the loss of 800 Portugueses. Miranda having taken a rich Ship of the Queen of Olala co∣ming from Meca, gave her occasion to assist our Enemy with a good Body of Men, they besieged our Fort of Banguel, burnt the Town, and hereupon followed so sharp an Engagement, that though many of the Ene∣my were slaughtered, it was with such loss on our side we had no cause to rejoice. Mi∣randa thought to have taken the Fort of Olala by Storm, but was repulsed. The be∣ginning

of the next Year was more unfor∣tunate; for Bentacanayque with 12000 Ca∣nara's falling upon Luis de Brito & Melo, who carried Succors, and D. Francis de Mi∣randa, killed them both with 180 Portu∣gueses, and above 60 Slaves. The day after the News of this Disaster came to Goa, there was found a Lampoon upon the Viceroy, the Secretary, the Surveyor of the Revenue, and the Chancellor, laying that and other Misfortunes to their Charge.

4. It has been related how Ruy de Melo, and Sampayo, and Iames de Cunna executed Salvador Vaz de Guerra at Moçambique. The News of that impudent Action brought to Goa so terrified the Judge Francis de Fonseca Pinto, then a Prisoner, that he made his Escape by Bribes, and died in the Country of the Moors.

5. The Viceroy sent an Ambassador to the Mogol, to desire he would not admit our Enemies the English and Dutch into his Ports; F. Emanuel Pineyro, a Jesuit, went on this Errand. The result was, that the King took off the Embargo that was upon 200 Sail of ours in his Ports, and forbore making War upon Damam and Diu, for which purpose he had already detatched 30000 Horse from the Army, that was ready to march against the Persians who in∣vaded his Territories. His Army consisted of 300000 Horse, the Foot innumerable, many Thousand Camels, 12000 Elephants, 6000 Yoke of Oxen drawing as many Carts, be∣sides such as carry on their backs like

Mules; 70000 poor People followed this multitude.

6. This multitude being to pass a rapid River that falls from a Mountain, he laid over it a wooden Bridge for the Men, and broke the Fury of its Course with a Dam for the Beasts to swim over safely. A whole Month was spent in passing. The Camp was 8 Leagues in compass so regular, so beautified with rich Tents, and so well sup∣plied with all Necessaries, that it looked like a well govern'd City.

7. This Year sailed from Lisbon for India 3 Ships, and 2 Flyboats, under the Command of D. Christopher de Noronna. Six English Ships lay then about the Cape of Good Hope, which taking one of the Flyboats, under∣stood the others were coming, and lay in wait for them. They meeting, the English Admiral said, He had Orders from his King to seize Effects of the Portugueses to the value of 70000 Crowns for the Damage done by the Viceroy D. Hierome de Azevedo to the 4 Eng∣lish Ships in the Bay of Surat. This Sum was immediately paid him, and 20000 Ducats more to divide among his Men. Our Admi∣ral no sooner arrived at Goa, but he was se∣cured by the Viceroy, and sent Prisoner to Lisbon.

8. The King of Iorcon came into the Ri∣ver of Malaca with 80 Sail in a miserable condition, as who was expelled his Domi∣nions by the King of Achem. Our Officers •…•…ing to visit him, he desired Assistance

against that Enemy, which was denied him; and yet afterwards they desired the same of the King, to oppose the Power of Achem which threatned that Place, and was more formidable than it had been till that time.

9. A small Squadron was sent from Mala∣ca, under the Command of Lope de Sousa, to plunder the Hollanders Factory at Ia•…•…e, where they found only 4 or 5 Dutch Men with a number of the Natives, yet would not attack them for fear of exposing the Son-in-Law, and Son of the Commander of Malaca, who, if not to be exposed, ought not to have gone. They lost the opportu∣nity of taking a great Sum of Money that was kept there, and in stead of plundering that Enemy, gained another, by destroying some Towns along the Coast.

10. The Tartars having ruined part of the famous Wall of China, entred like a Tor∣rent with above a million of Men, bearing down Cities, and whole Provinces, till they drew near the Court of Peking in so terrible a manner, that the King was about withdraw∣ing to Nanking. But the Chineses recovering of the first Fright, fell upon the Tartars, and made such a slaughter as obliged them to quit that Province. The Jesuits here gained much Esteem, having been very serviceable with their Intelligence. For an Example to posterity, I will relate the Particulars of this Invasion of the Tartars till the Year 1640.

11. When Humvu, the first of the Family, now reigning in China, expelled the Tartars, who for 90 Years had been possessed of that Crown, he not only recovered what had been lost, but conquered the Frontiers of Tartary, dividing them into several Govern∣ments. These in time grew to such a height, that they raised themselves into 3 Kingdoms, one on the East, the other towards the West, and the third on the North. The two last immediately cast off the Chinese Yoke, the other continued in Obedience till the Chine∣ses seeing it grow powerful, without any other occasion resolved to weaken it. But the Tartars oppressed taking courage, reven∣ged themselves, running to Arms, and secu∣ring a strong Hold in the Province of Leao∣tung, by which and other Actions they be∣came Masters of the Field. The other two Kingdoms moved by the hope of Gain, joyned with the former, and in the Year 1618, (which was 300 after Humvn,) for∣med a most formidable Army, which coming to Battel with that of China, no less nume∣rous, gave it a total overthrow, rather to be attributed to the ill Conduct of the Chi∣neses, than Valour of the Tartars. The King of China so much neglected his Govern∣ment, he seemed to be in a perfect Lethargy; and all the Industry used by his Ministers to awake him, was of no effect.

12. In fine, the Tartars continued the War with such Success, that they conquered the Northern Province of Leaotung, and forced the Kingdom of Corea to pay them Tribute,

as they did till then to China. After the Tartars were beaten from Peking, a Chinese Woman headed some Troops against them, and gained great Fame, defeating them in several places.

CHAP. XVI.

Continues the Government of the Vice∣roy D. John Coutinno Count De Re∣dondo.

1. AT the time the Tartar Invasion ap∣peared most formidable, Gonçalo Teyzeyra a Portugues was at Peking, having carried thither a Present from the City Ma∣cao to the Mandarins, he in the Name of the said City offered to assist them with a number of expert Soldiers. They accepted the Offer, and sent thither him that made it, and F. Iohn Rodriguez a Jesuit. Four hundred Men were raised in the City, most of them Portugueses, the rest Chineses bred among them, and consequently good Mus∣ketiers. Every Soldier had a Mulato Ser∣vant bought at the King's expence, and their Pay was so great, they all cloathed themselves in costly Apparel, bought the best Arms, and yet thought themselves rich. They embarked under two Captains, Peter Cordero in chief, and Antony Rodriguez del Cabo. At Quantung the Chineses were asto∣nished

at their Volleys, and Exercise. They were sent in Boats 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the▪ River, and well treated. Being come to a Mountain they crossed it on •…•…ck, and then 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…oats again, crossing almost all the Province of Kiangsi, till they came to the Metropolis thereof. The People admired their Pre∣sence, Arms, and Garb; and because some had their Cloaths slashed, said,

They could not imagine why Men of sense should pur∣posely tear a Stuff that was whole.

2. These Men, who might have been so serviceable upon this occasion, were from that City sent back to Macao. The princi∣pal Reason is supposed to be, That the Chi∣neses of Quantung; who are Factors for the Portugueses, fearing this might be a means for them to be admitted into the Kingdom, whereby they should lose the Advantages they made of them in the way of Trade, represented it to the Magistrates as a thing dangerous to introduce those Strangers into the Kingdom, and under-hand bribing the Mandarins, prevailed with those very Men who had advised the King to send for the Portugueses with so great Expence to send them back, saying,

It was not convenient to make use of them.

3. The King answered:

It is not long since you proposed making use of these Men against the Tartars, now you say, it is not convenient. When you propose any thing again, consider of it better▪ and if they are not for our service, let them return. It is remarkable, that whereas the

Chineses are so jealous, they suffer no Stran∣gers (even Ambassadors) to view their Towns, especially the Court, these Soldiers had liberty to see all Things at thier plea∣sure without any lett. The same liberty 〈◊〉〈◊〉 given to the Ambassadors sent by the City Macao, and to the Jesuits▪

4. The Jesuits made at this time good progress in the propagation of the Faith, and were informed of a certain People cal∣led of the Cross, as being descended from ancient Christians. Two Fathers had this Intelligence from certain Jews in the City Caifumfir. These Jews had there a Syna∣gogue as big as a large Church, well adorned, and the Bible in Hebrew, Syriack, and Chal∣daick

5. They gave some account of those Peo∣ple of the Cross, who were then dispersed, and their Church converted to a Heathen Pagod. The Jesuits inquiring in the Neigh∣bouring Towns, found some footsteps of that People, though they concealed them∣selves, fearing this search after them was upon some ill design. One of these had the Pictures of St. Peter and St. Paul.

6. Four Galliots sailing from Macao, w•…•… attacked by a Holland Ship, and being boar∣ded by them, fired herself. One Iaponese was saved, who said, That Ship carried Mo∣ney to supply their Forts, and that there were aboard some Chineses of Quality taken not long before. Five Portugueses were lost in the Ship.

7. Constantine de Sa & Noronna succeeded D. N•…•…o Alvarez Pereyra, who was gone to the Conquest of the M•…•… of C•…•…ma, in the Post of General of Ceylon. He built the Fort of Sofragam, because the Neigh•…•…▪ hood was in Arms, and left there 100 Port•…•…▪ gueses and 200 Lascarines. Then he ma•…•…▪ ched towards Madune, who was fortified at the two Corla's, the ancient •…•…trimony of his Forefathers, a Mountainous Cou•…•… well watred, bearing much Rice, and abo•…•… 7 Leagues in compass. Noronna stayed some days at Ceytavaca to get Provisions, and settle 30 Portugueses in a high Tower, the only part standing of that great City. After a month's march through the Enemies Coun∣try, where Hunger began to pinch, he under∣derstood Madune fled. He follows to his City, and finding 〈◊〉〈◊〉 abandoned, burns it. A Budiame was here destroyed, that is, a Tree those People highly esteem, saying, Their God Budum leaned against it▪ whence it takes its Name. On the foot of this were the Images of several Idols curiously carved.

9. Noronna finding no Enemy, was upon his return, when 500 of Madune's Men ap∣peared in his Rear, commanded by Chacatien Zala. Our General laid a few Portugueses and 1000 Lascarines in ambush, and though some of our Men at first fled, he broke the Enemy, killing ma•…•…▪ and taking 35 Men of great Note, whereof one was C•…•…atien. The Enemy seeking Revenge another day, had 30 principal Men slain, and among

them the Prince of Uva, who called himself King.

10. The Hollanders this Year took seve∣ral good Prizes, the Portugueses endeavou∣ring to gather Wealth, but not providing the means to defend it. The Particulars are too inconsiderable to be related, I will say somewhat of the Malabar Pirats, whom our Carelesness and Presumption made bold.

11. Whilst our Admiral of the Malabar Sea was upon that Coast, D. Pedro (a Cou∣sin of that Cunnale who was beheaded at Goa) after becoming a Christian fled from that City, and commanding 5 Parao's, took several of our Ships, hindred the Trade, and took the Island De las Vacas, and that of Tristan Golayo. Our General D. Co•…•…∣tine de Sa from Columbo sent 40 Galliots to Manar, to joyn 18 small vessels there, and destroy that Pirat. They set out on the Eve of the Ascension, and being parted by a Storm, the 18th met at the Island of Golay•…•…. Vitorio de Abreu commanded them, who being informed by two Blacks, left there by the Owner of the Island, that the 5 Parao's were gone to some Place near for Ammuni∣tion, and that before they returned he might possess himself of Goods to the value of 30000 Ducats l•…•…t there by D. Pedro in a House; he made light of this Intelligence, and staying for the Enemy, lost 12 of the 18 Sail, and about 300 Men besides those that were taken, whereof he was one.

12. Mean while our Squad•…•… convoyed the Merchant Fleet after such a manner, that the same Pirate took a Vessel without their offering to desend it. The Merchants of N•…•…an 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Captains of the Con∣•…•…oy to recover that Ship, but they would, or d•…•… not. A Spanish Flyboat accidentally p•…•…g by, at the request of that City re∣took it.

13. Constantine de Sa, ever since he was General of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, had intelligence, that C•…•…li C•…•…are King of I•…•…tan, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 •…•…ect, assisted Ma•…•…. He offered 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Money to wave receiving the Price of the Elephants due as Tribute. C•…•…li pri∣vily Armed, and Constantine sent Philip de Olivoyra wit•…•…▪ •…•…o Portugueses, and 3000 L•…•…es, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 demanded the value of the Elephants, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 answered not to the pur∣pose, relying on 8000 Men well Armed, and his strong Walls. Oliveyr•…•… advanced, and the King understanding it by a treacherous Portugues, sent to him not to proceed, and he would stand by the former Capitulation. This was only a •…•…gem to cut off our Van, which was far advanced under L•…•… Ca∣bral de Faria.

14. Oliveyra credited the Fraud, and sent Orders to Faria to come back, but at such time as the Enemy had attacked him; he answered, It was then too late, and breaking a Body of 1000 Blacks, advanced. Two thou∣sand that followed him were defeated by Oliveyra, who hearing the noise, marched with all speed. Changali flying over the

River, was taken, and with him 8000 Crowns, our Men undecently treating the Princesses that were in his company. The King seeing his Brother in-Law's Ears cut off for the Ear-Rings, took out his own, and gave them to the next Man. Oliveyra ordered him at Iafanapatan to make a List of the Portugueses he held Correspondence with. He made one, and among the many named was Oliveyra himself, with the allowance of 2000 Crowns, and the late General D. Nunno Alvarez Pe∣reyra with 9000. The King was carried to Goa, Oliveyra was left to govern the King∣dom. Madune wanting this Friend, submit∣ted himself.

15. Andrew Botello de Costa coming to Ia∣fanapatan with 6 Sail, understood there was a great Danish Ship at Gale that had taken some Prizes, he found out, and after three hours Fight, took her. Of the Enemy, 8 were killed, some burned, others got ashore with the Captain, and 40 were taken. On our side 8 were slain, whereof one was the Commander.

16. The Hollanders took a Portugues Ship bound for Brasil, and cast into the Sea 20 of the Men, their Hands and Feet bound. The rest they carried to Iacatra to serve that Place; but they run away to the English, who had a Factory 20 leagues off, and sent them to Malaca. They said, one of the English had told them, they had lost a Ship at Sunda that carried the Money given by D. Christopher de Noronna to save fighting, and that they had several times fought the Dutch

by Sea and Land, always worsting them; and lastly, that the Dutch had taken the Governour sent from Portugal for Angola, and carried him to Iavs.

17. Augustin Lobato sailed from Malaca with two Ships and a Galliot. At Ioatume he fought and worsted a Hollander; then hearing the Dutch had a Factory at Bima, 7 leagues distant, assaulted it with 14 Men, slew 4, took 3, whereof one was the Fa∣ctor; he distributed 600 Crowns among the Soldiers, having done damage to the value of 20000. Having burnt the Factory he retired, and burnt seven Towns about Ende.

18. At Solor he landed with 40 Men, and fought many thousand Enemies, killing 200. but lost 10 or 12, to the great admiration of the Adversaries, who thought them to be Sons of the Sun, and consequently Im∣mortal. This encouraged them to press on, and it was much the 30 escaped. Lobato being ready to imbark, was killed by a Ia∣ponese.

19. Malaca feared to be besieged by the King of Achem, but he armed to defend himself against the Viceroy, who, 'twas said, would go thither in Person. Fifteen English Ships at Sunda fought 20 Hollanders and de∣feated them, killing 1500 Men. At Patane the Dutch had better success, taking two of the Victors, and killing a Captain who was a Portugues, and was visiting the Factories of that Nation. At Iava they took a Dutch Ship, another was lost in a Storm. It was

reported, the Governour of Manila took five in one Fight. At this time there were in the South 35 Ducth Ships, and above 20 English. The French had Factories at Macassa and Iava.

20. The Viceroy sent Gaspar de Melo with a Squadron to succour Mangalor, and destroy a Fort built by the Canara's. The little King coming on while he battered the Fort, was twice defeated, and many of his Men made Prisoners. This Year sailed from Lis∣bon for India four Ships, two Galleons, and three Flyboats.

CHAP. XVII.

Several wonderful Accidents during the two Years Government of the Viceroy the Count De Redondo.

1. IN May 1618, there was a general, and doubtless Diabolical Storm, whereof it is convenient to give some account. On the 15th of that Month it began at Baçaim (the Portugues Ninive) so terrible, that the People hid themselves in Cellars, not doubt∣ing the Houses would be torn to pieces; but an Earthquake beginning at two in the mor∣ning, many Houses fell. The Sea, though remote from the Town, was brought into it by the Wind.

2. The noise of the Waves overcame that of the Ruins, notwithstanding the tops of Churches were blown off, and vast Stones flew a great distance. Two thousand were killed in the Town and adjacent Parts. The Fish died in the Ponds, and corrupted the Waters. Most of the Churches were laid even with the ground, as if God had shewed there was no need of them among such wicked People. A Lamp remained burning before the Blessed Sacrament in the Church of St. Dominick when the Wind overthrew Buildings.

3. Many Vessels were lost in the Port. Some Cattle was seen to fly, and the Birds to fall. The Woods were torn up by the Roots. Men fled to the Mountains for shel∣ter, and the wild Beasts to the Town. Na∣ture seemed reversed, the People rent the Skies with Cries for Mercy, which at last obtained, the Storm ceased.

4. There were strange Prodigies before and during this Storm, as Giants seen in the Air throwing great Globes of Fire one at the other. A confusion of Human Voices was heard there, trampling of Horses, and the sound of Warlike Instruments. A Troop of furious Horsemen was seen to attack the City, and a Man cloathed in Skins to oppose them; those were concluded to be Devils, and he St. Iohn Baptist.

5. At Bombaim the Sea swallowed above 60 Sail, some Men, and much Riches. At Agacaim a Boat flew out of the Sea into a House, where it killed a Woman and her

Child. At Tana, a Beast taken up by the Wind fell upon a Tree that was torn up by the Roots, and a Branch struck through the Body of it. A Woman seeing a Giant-like Man carrying a Pan of burning Coals, asked him for one, and he blowing it, burnt her Face. Much of this nature happened at Salsete, and other Places.

6. D. Luis de Gama coming from Ormuz, where he had Commanded for Goa, in a Ship full of Riches, was cast away on the Coast of Bombaim. A new married Couple being upon a Plank, the Bridegroom fell off, and the Bride for grief cast her self after him; he came up again and was saved, with∣out Wife or Goods. A Maid that went to be a Nun escaping, was ravished by the Moors, and then killed. Thus several Ships belonging to Captains who came from their Commands perished, perhaps a Judgment for their unjust heaping of Wealth.

7. The City Goa seeing this destruction, had recourse to Heaven. All the Religious Orders made Processions, and performed great Acts of Mortification. The Women rent the Clouds with Cries of Mercy. All lay down in the Churches to be trampled up∣on. This lasted some days and nights; the Churches were continually open, the Streets full, yet in all the Concourse the least noise was not heard.

8. This Example was followed at Cochim. The Bishop of this City had excommunica∣ted any that should buy Timber of the Queen of Coulam. A Portugues presumed to build

a Ship there, when it should be Launched, no Force or Art could move it. The Portu∣gues confesses his Crime with Repentance, and returning to the Ship, it was Launched without the least difficulty.

9. There reigned through all India a new Distemper, which caused great Pains over all the Body, and contraction of Sinews, so that some lost the use of their Limbs. Ma∣ny with Anguish ran mad; whole Families sickned at once. The only Remedy was found to be Bleeding. A Chirurgeon being no way able to stanch the Blood of a sick Man, laid upon it a Cross he had, in which was believed to be a piece of that of our Saviour, and it stopped immediately.

10. A Cafre fled from a Widow, whose Slave he was, to a Fidalgo or Nobleman's House, and afterwards returned to his Mi∣stress. The Fidalgo sent to demand the Slave of her, as if he had been his own. She refusing, he sent some Soldiers to take him by force; but she received them with Granadoes in her hands, and they returned with shame.

11. N. Barreto a Fidalgo, 16 Years of Age, killed his Father, for which his Head was cut off; so Justice was done where there never was any. The Mercers of Goa, esteemed more Honorable than the Goldsmiths, would not allow them to use a sort of Umbrello, with an Ornament on the top and middle of it. A Goldsmith went abroad with such an Umbrello, the Mercers broke it and beat him. The other Goldsmiths coming to assist

their Brother, there ensued a Fray, in which much Blood was spilt, and much Plunder got, though no victory, for the Algna•…•…es or Officers robbed the Shops of those who were fighting.

12. On the 11th of November appeared a Comet in the East, and another on the 24th. They were seen at four in the morning, both under the Sign Scorpio. The first extended towards the South in the form of a Palm, the other toward the North, and was like a Flower-pot. The latter lasted till the be∣ginning of Ianuary, the other till the 20th of December.

13. The first time the King of Arracam went to the City Chatigam after the Portugue∣ses inhabited there, they presented him a Bough thick set with Figs; he offered it to his white Elephant (so coveted by all the Eastern Princes) to eat, but he would not, though the King prayed him to take it for the King of Ova, the Mogol, and his own sake. But scarce did he desire him to eat it for the King of Portugal, when the Elephant joyfully snatched it in his Trunk. The King in a Passion caused him to be deprived of all his Ornaments, as a Golden Dish on which he fed, Gold Chain by which they led him, and the like. The Beast for Grief would not eat, and the King, for fear it should die, was forced to restore its Furni∣ture.

14. At this time died at Bengala that Moor so famous for his Age, being above 300 Years old when Nunno de Cunna took Diu, which

was 60 Years before this time, and he seemed now but 60 Years of Age. It was reported, there were others 200 Years old thereabouts, but upon enquiry none appeared. Only one Woman was found about 100 Years of Age, and had married that same Year, having before buried seven Husbands. Thus much for the Year 1618, now for that of 1619, which is no less wonderful.

15. Upon one of the three Hills that over∣look Goa stood a large wooden Cross, on which very many of the Inhabitants of that City, the 23th Day of February, saw the perfect Figure of a Man Crucified. The Archbishop having examined the Truth of it, took it down, and of it made a small one two spans in length, with a Crucifix of Ivory upon, and a Glory of Gold round. The remaining Pieces were distributed to the Churches and Persons of Quality. Ten Days after the Cross was taken down, Water gushed from the hole where it had been fix∣ed, in which Cloaths being dipped wrought many miraculous Cures. On the Place where the Cross stood was built a Church.

16. It was debated in an Assembly of the principal Clergy, whether the Threads the Bramenes hang across their Shoulders were a Heathenish Superstition, or only a mark of Nobility; after some time it was concluded in favour of the latter, as only a distinction of Honour. The reason of examining this Point was, because many of the Bramenes refused to embrace the Faith, only for that

they were obliged as soon as Christians to leave off those Threads.

17. D. F. Christopher, the Archbishop, said the first Mass in his Cathedral at Goa, which was finished this Year, and is not inferior in Grandure to many of the European Churches of Fame. It was dedicated to St. Catherine, on whose Day that City was taken.

18. There happened a great Dearth and Famine, which destroyed many People. In only the little Island of Bardes almost 400 died. There was a wonderful Eclipse of the Sun most visible at Moçambique, soon after noon, the day becoming quite dark the space of two hours. This caused great Admiration, as did another of the Moon at Goa.

19. In the Province of Peking in China it rained not for a whole Year. In that of Xantung the Famin was such, Men eat one another. Two Women were executed for eating eleven Children. In that of Nanking was a Plague of Mice. Two Parts in five of the King's Palace were burnt; and five Towers were blown down in the City. Two Suns were seen together, the one eclipsing the other. A Man entred the Palace to kill the Prince. In the Province of Xangsi ap∣peared a Man cloathed in yellow with a green Cap and Fan of Feathers, who said. Vambie (that was the King's Name) does not govern; he has reigned long; is always a∣sleep; the Kingdom going to Ruine, the People starves, the Captains are slain. This said he

vanished, and, though all means were used to find him, he could never be heard of.

20. That there might be somewhat ex∣traordinary in the Viceroy, he died on the 10th of November of a swelling upon his Back as big as the Crown of a Hat, so black and monstrous, it frighted not only the ignorant, but the ablest Physicians.

21. The Viceroy was buried in the Church of the King's, a League down the River, the usual Burial Place of those who die in that Command, as his Father did who is there interred. He was not of a very piercing Judgment, but positive; of Stature tall, well shaped, neither white nor swarthy. Of Viceroys he was the 23th; of Governors 43th; the 4th of the Name, and 3d of the Sirname.

CHAP. XVIII.

Of the Governour Ferdinand de Albu∣querque, from the Year 1619, till 1622.

1. THE first Patent of Succession being opened, there was found named Ferdinand de Albuquerque, a Gentleman 70 Years of Age, 40 whereof he had been married, and an Inhabitant of Goa, and con∣sequently well versed in the Affairs of India. But having lived long at ease, was become

slow in Business, which suited not with the pressing Occasions of that time.

2. The King of Porca always ill affected to the Portugueses, this Year embraced our Friendship with great Demonstrations of Sincerity and Affection.

3. The Arache D. Luis, who became a Christian only to gain the better Opportu∣nity of raising new Troubles, now disturbed the Peace of Iafanapatan. He stirred up the People to Enthrone a Prince at Remancor, and marched with 30000 Men towards our Men, who were fortified in a Pagod. Philip de Oliveyra had but 30 Men, having sent the rest to Ceylon as fearing no Insurrection. With those 30 he withstood all that number of Enemies, who first attacked the Church of our Lady, in which were 30 other Por∣tugueses, and then the Pagod where Oliveyra was, and were at both Places repulsed with Loss. Oliveyra held it out a Month, till Relief came from Ceylon. Andrew Coello brought Succors by Water, and Luis Teyxeyra 1600 Men by Land. The latter entring the Kingdom, did many Actions barbarous and inhuman. He clove Men with Axes like Trees, opened the Wombs of Women and put in their Children snatched from their Arms. These are impieties unworthy a Chri∣stian, yet sometimes excused in War.

4. Oliveyra finding himself thus strong took the Field, slew a multitude of the Ene∣mies, and gave them a total overthrow. Scarce had they breathed after this Victory, when the Prince of Remancor appeared with

his Army, but Teyxera suddenly falling upon him made such havock, he was glad to cast himself at Teyxeyra's feet, who received him with great Courtesie. They returned to give Thanks for this Victory in Our Lady's Church, where the Religious at the Door, offering Oliveyra a Palm, he said it was due to Teyxeyra, and caused it to be given to him. Both deserved, but he doubly who refused, once for conquering his Enemies, another for overcoming himself in not ac∣cepting it. A wonderful Victory in our Age.

5. The Arache D. Luis escaped, his Wife and Children were taken, she in despair slew her self, whilst he perswaded the Nayque of Tanjaor he might make himself King of Iafanapatan. He raised 2000 Badagaes, and gave the Command of them to Chem Nayque, that King of the Carcas who not long be∣fore assisted Chingali. Oliveyra was strong in Our Lady's Church, but in November met the Enemy. The fight being desperate with some loss on our side; he advanced to en∣courage the Men, the Enemy knowing him, seven of them attack him, and one of them struck a Spear through his Mouth out at his Throat, yet he recovering killed two of them, the others fled.

6. The Enemy retired to their Trenches, Oliveyra being reinforced by 1000 Men from Ceylon assaults them, kills many, and took many more; yet after all he ransomed 1500 taken by the Chingalaes, and set them at Li∣berty. The Nayque still coveting that

Crown raised more Badagaes, Oliveyra sent three Captains with their Companies to sup∣press him; they slew so many without losing one Man, that being weary of killing they returned with 1000 Heads.

7. The Prince, Son to the late King of Iafanapatan, who had escaped the Tyranny of Chingali, being in the Hands of the Fran∣ciscans, was baptized together with his Mo∣ther and many Nobles and Commoners, and at last making over his Claim to that King∣dom to the King of Portugal, took the Habit of that Order, by the Name of F. Constan∣tine of Christ.

8. Chingali, who was taken some time before, was sent to Goa with his Wife, there condemned to Death; and being first con∣verted to the Faith made a most happy end. His Wife following the Example given by him was baptized by the Name of Margaret of Austria; and retiring to the House of the Converts in that City, led a Life that may be an Example to all ancient Christians.

9. I think I have not specified the cause of these Troubles, which was thus. Para Raja Cheygra Pandara, made Governor and King of Iafanapatan when Andrew Furtado slew the former King, wore that Crown 28 Years, and hoping the Viceroy would con∣firm his Choice, named a Son of the deceased to succeed him, who being but 7 Years of Age, he ordered his Brother Areaquerari Pandara should govern till he was of Age, him Chan∣gali Cumara murdered to usurp the Crown. After that he slew many others, whereupon

the People mutinying reduced him to great Streights, till being succoured by a number of Badagaes, raised by the Nayque of Tan∣gaor, and commanded by the King of the Carcas; they came to a Battel, wherein Changali being victorious, secured the Crown for some time. This Tyrant not content that the Portugueses winked at his bad Title, refused to pay them the usual Tribute, which was the Cause why Oliveyra fell upon and took him as has been related.

10. Abas Xa King of Persia being bent upon possessing himself of the Island and King∣dom of Ormus, Camberbeque Cam of Lara be∣gan to undertake it, on pretence an ancient Tribute was not paid him, which he never had since Alfonso de Albuquerque entred that Place He hindred the Trade, and secured several Portugues Merchants; and seeing we did not agree with him about the Trade of his Silks, he settled it with Iames King of England, concluding a League with him for the taking of Ormuz. Ray Freyre de An∣drade who came the Year before from Lisbon with 5 Galleons to cruize on that Sea, sent to Goa for Succour but could not obtain it, tho' he only desired 4 small Vessels.

11. Nevertheless Freyre fights the En∣glish and worsts them, The Arabs joining with the Persians had taken Iulfar and Dola, which caused great scarcity of Water at Ormuz, where there is none but what is brought from abroad. Freyre went over to forward the building a new Fort at Queixome, and by his Absence

the Fleet before weak, was much impaired. Then came two Galleons from Goa com∣manded by D. Emanuel de Azevedo and D. Iohn de Silveyra, an Enemy to Freyre; they were ill manned, and scarce of Ammuni∣tions, and brought Instructions that curbed the Power of the Admiral.

12. Being now strong at Quixome he scou∣red that Coast, where were burnt 400 Sail, and the Towns of Boami, Camir, Cong•…•…, Astan, and Doçar, at Niquilay he took and destroyed four Ships, and above 80 great Barques. The Persians assisted by the Eng∣lish furiously batter'd the Fort at Queixome, yet Freyre carried on his Work, and assisted the Arabs that continued firm to us. When Freyre was somewhat streightned, the two Captains that came with the Galleons to his assistance from Goa left him.

13. This Year sailed from Lisbon for India 4 Ships under the Command of Nunno Al∣varez Botello. There came also two Pinks, one for Malaca, the other for Moçambiqus; and two Ships more under Iacome de Morales Sarmiento, who was to be General at Mo∣çambique during the War about the Mines of Monomotapa, as if he were like to last as long as the War.

14. The Ships that came from Portugal under the Command of Botello, returned the next Year, and with them two more built at Goa, with the Men and Loadings of two o∣thers, one left in India as unfit for the Voy∣age, the other lost at Mombaça. In one of these two Ships called the Conception, was a

Hermit, who whilst they Winter'd at St. Helena stole away, and being asked why he left the Company, said, He had rather stay in that desert Island, than to go see the Misfor∣tune that Ship would soon fall into. Being come to the Island Tercera, they found Or∣ders there to make the Lat. of 39 Deg. where they would find D. Antony de Ataide, Admiral of Portugal. They obeyed, but missing of him, one Morning at the Mouth of Tagus they met 15 or 16 Sail of Turks. Our Ship was ill manned, had but few Guns, and her Steeridge full of Bails.

15. The Turks having powred in their broad-sides boarded the Ship, killing 20 Portugueses of 140 that were in her, most of them sick, yet the Enemy receiving great damage entred with 400 Men, who were all slain save 8 or 9 that got off. This done our Ship cast Anchor in an advantageous Place, but next day received Orders to put to Sea where she would find the Fleet to de∣fend her. She was no sooner out but the Turks attack her, yet after a desperate fight again left her. But the third Day the Ene∣my coming on again burnt her, few of the Men escaping Death, and those remaining in Captivity.

16. The Ship called St. Iohn, another of the two built in India, had no better For∣tune, for springing a leak she was with much labour of Pumping brought as far as the Cape of Good Hope, where three Holland Ships pursued her 20 Days, whereof 8 were spent in fight. Our Ship being totally disabled,

offered to surrender upon Conditions, but whilst they treated a Storm parted them, and she was drove aground full of Water two Leagues from the Shore in the Bay of Lagoa, which is in the Lat. of 32 Deg. The Captain was forced with his own hand to kill a trou∣blesom Pilot, who to save himself and 30 more would expose all the rest to perish in∣evitably.

17. The Captain landed the Ammunition and Provisions with the loss of 9 Men, and marched with 260 towards Zofala, having burnt the Ship, and saved the Diamonds, Pearls, Amber and Musk. They marched in sight of the Sea, carrying the Women on their Shoulders. Having set forward the beginning of September, about the end of November, being weary of carrying those things of value, they cast into a River all the Musk.

18. Those who carried the Women could no longer hold out, tho' many thousand Du∣cats were promised them. A Maid not able to go a foot was left to the Mercy of Cafres, or Fury of wild Beasts. A young Man her Brother would have stayed with her, but was not permitted, and he soon after died for Grief.

19. Some Men died with Fatigue, and the strongest conspired to take all the Dia∣monds and march faster. The Captain be∣ing informed of it, slew him he thought to be the Ringleader of that Contrivance. A∣bout the middle of December, those who carried four Women would do it no longer,

10000 Ducats were offered to any to under∣take it, but none accepted the offer. Six∣teen were left behind with their Slaves who murdered them, and afterwards overtaking the Company, and being examined were hanged. Hunger forced them to eat these and others that died. The Captain Morales died, and Francis Vaz de Almada succeeded him. There were but 150 Men left, and half of them not able to fight when the King of Mocaranga assails them with 1000 Cafres and robs them, killing some. Those that escaped came to Moçambique, having travelled 500 Leagues with unspeakable Mi∣sery.

20. At this time Ruy Freyre de Andrade, who had but Three hundred Portugueses in the Fort of Queixome with some of the Na∣tives and Arabs that came afterwards, was besieged by the Sultan of Xiras with 20000 Men, and the Fort began to be undermined. Freyre defended himself with much valour; but the News being brought that the Eng∣lish Succours were at hand, the Defendants dismayed.

CHAP. XIX.

Continues the Government of Ferdinand de Albuquerque.

1. FReyre being besieged by Sea and Land, the English and Persians being joined; Simon de Melo came from Goa with 13 Sail, rather to affront than relieve them.

2. The Commander of Ormuz, who some∣what comforted Freyre in these Troubles died, and Simon de Melo by the Governor's Order succeeded him; which was another wrong done to Freyre, because according to the ancient Custom he being Admiral of that Sea ought to have succeeded. This was the Ruin of Ormuz, for had he been there it had not been lost. Freyre nevertheless de∣sisted not from sending advice to Ormuz, which Melo slighted, relying on the Strength of the Place, though it was in no posture of Defence, the Commanders of it for many Years having only taken care to enrich them∣selves, so that there was but little Cannon, and that lay on the Ground without Car∣riages, and stopped up with Earth.

3. The English offered Freyre honourable Conditions if he would surrender, but he refused, thinking Ships would have come that Night from Ormuz, to carry him off and dismantle the Fort. D. Gonzalo de Silveyra came with only one Barque carrying some

Ammunition, a small Relief in that Distress. Freyre seeing this, sent fresh Advice to Melo how to act in his own defence; and he ta∣king it in ill part, writ to the Governor, accusing Freyre of Arrogance and Ignorance, for pretending from Queixome to instruct and terrifie him.

4. Freyre no longer able to withstand the English and Persians, resolved to burn the Fort, and die honourably in the Field; but his Men crying they would not cast away their Lives to no purpose, designed to de∣liver him up to the English; and some leap∣ed from the Wall into the Sea to save them∣selves. Freyre was forced to capitulate to march out on the side of Arabia with his Colours, Arms and Ammunition; the Capi∣tulation was not observed, for the Portugueses were stripped, the Natives delivered to the Persians, who put them to the Sword, Freyre and four Captains sent Prisoners to Surat.

5. Melo at Ormuz thinking the Enemy would be satisfied with the taking of Quei∣xome, began to treat of Peace with the Per∣sians, but to no effect. Above 12000 Per∣sians came over in their Barques, and the English in 6 Ships, besieging the Town and furiously battering it.

6. Luis de Brito agreeing with others who loved not to expose their Lives, was let down from the Wall by a Rope, con∣cluded Articles of Surrender with the Eng∣lish, and returned to the Town to put them in Execution. Simon de Melo seemed to op∣pose

the Surrender, but the Soldiers feign∣ing to mutiny (for it was supposed to be done by his Direction) the Enemy entred the Town, above 2000 Portugueses of both Sexes and all Ages were sent stripped to Mascate, leaving a great Treasure, and the Honour of their Country, in the Enemies Hands.

7. Mean while Freyre, who was Prisoner, with the four Captains made his Escape, and having lost one of them with the other three got to Damam, thence to Baçaim, and at last to Mascate. Constantine de Sa was then there with Succours for Ormuz, and they were upon going thither when the People that were dispossessed of that Place appeared. Freyre insisted to go on, hoping to surprize the Enemy, but could not pre∣vail upon Sa; so he went away to Goa, and Embarqued for Portugal.

8. At this time the Mogol was highly re∣spected by all the Eastern Princes, and there resided at his Court several Ambas∣sadors, who carried him rich Presents. One sent by the King of Massanapatan was valu∣ed at Two Millions, consisting of Elephants with costly Trappings, Camels and precious S•…•…ones.

9. The Portugueses, who in the Years 1•…•…42 and 1•…•…45 had escaped the Destruction of the Cities Liampo and Chincheo, lived in the Island Lampaçau, till the Year 1557, they then built the City Macao, the greatest we have in Asia next to Goa. The manner was thus: They resorted to the Island San∣chuan

on the Coast of China to Trade, where they lived in Huts made of the Boughs of Trees, and covered with Sails during their stay.

10. From this Island to another called Gaoxama, are 18 Leagues closer in upon the Coast of China. The Island being in•…•…icate and mountainous, was the Refuge of Rob∣bers who infested the Continent. The Chi∣neses, who had twice expelled the Portu∣gueses, thinking them a more tolerable Evil than those Outlaws, offered them the Island if they could root out that Generation of Thieves. The Portugueses undertook and performed it without losing a Man.

11. The Island being cleared, every one began to build where he liked best, there being no Proprietor to sell the Land, which afterwards was sold at a great Rate, the Trade and Fame of this City increasing. This caused the Hollanders to have an Eye always upon it, desiring to make themselves Ma∣sters thereof.

12. It contains about 1000 Portugues In∣habitants, all Rich, and of the best in India, because the Portions being there very con∣siderable, many Persons of Quality resort thither for Wives. There is besides a con∣siderable number of Christian Chineses, who are cloathed and live after the manner of Portugal; and of Heathens, being Artificers, Shopkeepers and Merchants, about 6000. They have a Bishop and a Judge. The Duties of the Ships trading thence to Iapan amount to 300000 Xeraphins, at 10 per Cent.

A Xeraphin is almost a piece of Eight. The Yearly Expence of the City to main∣tain their Fortifications and Garrison is above 40000 Ducats. At the Fair of Quantung is paid the like Sum for Duties, at six and seven per Cent. The Voyage of Iapan, with Embassies and Presents for the King and Tonos, costs 25000. The House called La Misericordia spends 8 or 9000 in Works of Charity. The City maintains two Hospi∣tals, three Parish Churches, five Monasteries, besides the continual Alms it sends to the neighbouring necessitous Christians in China, Aynam, Iapan, Tunquim, Cochinchina, Cam∣bodia and Siam.

13. On the 19th of Iuly, 17 (some say 23) Sail of Hollanders came before this City, hoping to take the Fleet that was there ready to sail for Iapan, having taken se∣veral Chineses and Portugues Ship about the Philippine Islands. They had aboard 2000 fighting Men. Their Admiral Cornelius Re∣gers intending to gain the City, battered the Fort of St. Francis the space of five Days. On Midsummer Day in the Morning he landed Eight hundred Men, and without much opposition made himself Master of an Intrenchment.

14. The Enemy marched towards the City, thinking to meet no resistance, but Iohn Suarez Vivas, seeing them advance to gain a considerable Post, prevented them with 160 Men. After a Discharge of their fire-Arms, they fell to the Sword, the Hollan∣ders •…•…ed with precipitation to their Ships,

leaving 300 dead on the Shore; seven and their Colours were taken, one piece of Cannon, and all their Arms which they threw away when swiming to their Ships. Mean while the Ships battered the Fort, which answered so effectually some of them were sunk and 60 Men killed. This Victo∣ry cost us 6 Portugueses, and some few Slaves. A Cafre Woman a Slave had share in it, who fighting in Man's Cloaths with a Hal∣bard killed 3 Hollanders.

15. The Citizens seeing themselves ex∣posed to such Attempts, built a Wall round the Town, with six Bastions. On that of St. Paul, which overtops the City, they planted six large Cannons; on that of the Bar fourteen, some 50 Pounders; eight on that of Our Lady of Good Deliverance; five on that of St. Peter; eight on that of St. Francis, that looks towards the Sea; and three on that of St. Iohn. And because the Mountain of Our Lady of the Guide overtops the Bastion of St. Paul, they fortified it, planting thereon 10 large pieces.

16. This Year were computed to be con∣verted in India 10000 Souls. Some with such pure Zeal, that five being condemned to Death, and desiring first to be Baptized, they were told it should not save their Lives, they answered, They knew it, and only sought the Salvation of their Souls. They were all Baptized under the Gallows, and died with Resolution and Stedfastness in the Faith, though they saw the others hanged before them.

17. The Government of Ferdinand de Al∣buquerque, in what related to the Civil Ad∣ministration, was inferior to none; in the Military, especially what concerned Ormuz, unfortunate. It was observed how little care was had of this Government in Spain, for that during the whole time of his Govern∣ment he had not one Letter from the King. He was of a middle Stature, a good Chri∣stian, the 44th Governor, 2d of the Name, and 3d of the Sirname.

CHAP. XX.

Of the Viceroy D. Alfonso de Noronna, in the Year 1621.

1. IN the Year 1597, D. Alfonso de No∣ronna commanded the Ships that went for India, and was now chose Viceroy, as well in respect of his good Services, •…•…s his Birth and Experience. He set out the 29th of April with four Ships and six Galleons, of all which only one reached India, by being a little a head of the others, which were all put back to Lisbon. This makes good that notable Saying of an able Seaman, who being asked when was the best time for the Ships to Sail, answered, The last Day of February is too soon, and the first of March too late.

2. In fine, D. Alfonso was put back with all that Relief whereof India stood in great want; he, his Ship, and the Captain of her were used to this Misfortune, having been put in the Year before. Some would attribute this to the ill Fate of the Captain or Ship.

3. This was the last Governor of India named by the Pious Philip III. (but Second of Portugal) and the first that sailing from Lisbon with that Command was forced in again. D. Alfonso de Noronna was ancient and well qualified for that Post; affable and courteous, moderating the gravity of his Age. As soon as the News was brought to Lisbon of the shameful Surrender of the City Baya in Brasil to the Hollanders, without re∣garding his Quality, Age and Commands he had bore, he listed himself a private Cen∣tinel for that Service. A bravery well de∣serving eternal Fame, and an Example that moved many to follow it.

4. As we have hitherto reckoned the Vice∣roys and Governors who were chosen, tho' they enjoyed not the Command, we will account D. Alfonso de Noronna the 24th of the former, and 45th of the latter; the 3d of the Name, and 5th of the Sirname.

CHAP. XXI.

Of the Propagation of the Faith in Japan, and Aethiopia about this Time.

1. SOme small hints have been already given of the Progress of Christianity in Iapan, since their Apostle St. Francis Xa∣verius began to Preach there. The Proceed∣ings there are much like those in China, save that the latter has not been so much sprink∣led with the Blood of Martyrs. I will only touch upon some Martyrdoms that happened in Iapan.

2. At Firando, in the Year 1622, F. Peter de Zuniga, and F. Luis Flores of Saint Dominick, were burnt alive by the Em∣peror's Command, together with Captain Ioachim, a Iaponese, who carried them in his Ship from Manila, and twelve Seamen beheaded.

3. At Mamgasaqui 25 were burnt alive, and 25 beheaded. Of the first number was Father Charles Spinola, a Genoese, and Fa∣ther Sebastian Quimura born at Firando the first Iaponese Priest, and six Iaponese Lay-Brothers all Jesuits. Five Franciscans, and nine Dominicans. Also a Woman and twelve Children were executed, and after that a Dominican and others.

4. At Omura, a Dominican, a Franciscan and twelve more were burnt alive. Ten suffer'd Martyrdom at Iquinosima. Ano∣ther was burnt at Firando, fourteen at Nam∣gasaqui, and others in other Places, all which made up the number of 118, whereof 46 burnt alive.

5. In the Year 1624, another Persecution was raised at the Court by means of a Bon∣zo, who becoming a Christian in hopes to grow rich, and being disappointed, became an Informer against Christians. The Em∣peror gave him the Charge of Discovering them. The first apprehended were two Jesuits and a Franciscan, who being com∣mitted to Prison where Faramandondono the Emperor's Cousin was, Baptized there forty Persons: Fifty in all were taken out of the Prison and burnt alive. Two Gentlemen who were Christians, but not known, be∣ing present, leaped from their Horses and cast themselves into the Fire, crying, They died for the Faith. At Night Three hun∣dred Christians assembled and stole the Re∣licks of the Martyrs. This gave occasion to a new Search, and almost Five hundred suffered. To prevent the concealing of any Religious Men, all the Spaniards were ex∣pelled Nangasaqui; and some married to Iaponese Women were parted from them. Many Natives who would not renounce the Faith were banished, and many more, espe∣cially at Ozaqua, had a Cross burnt deep on their Foreheads, that they might be

known to be Christians; and they joyfully said, Now we shall be known to be Slaves of Iesus. They were turned off with that mark, and almost naked in the dead of Winter, with their Children, and many of them died.

6. In the Year 1637, Father Marcelas Francis Mastrili of the Society of Jesus, was apprehended with his Companion La∣zarus, and carried to Namgasaqui, where he endured many Tortures. On the four∣teenth of October he was brought out in sight of all the People, with a Paper on his Back whereon were these Words;

Iogan Sama, Emperor of Iapan, Orders this mad Man to be Executed, for Preach∣ing in these Kingdoms a Law contrary to that of Xaxa, and Amida, and of the F•…•…∣toques. Come all to see him, for he is to die hanging in the Cave for an Ex∣ample.

At the Market-place of Ten•…•…, where the Portugues Merchants resort, he saluted them three times with his head, ha∣ving a Gag in his mouth.

7. He was hanged up by the Feet in the Cave of the Mountain, where generally Martyrs suffer, and is therefore called Holy. He hung four days uttering wonder∣ful Doctrine, and the Blood never fell into his Head, as is usual in such Cases. Seeing he did not die, they took him out to be beheaded, and he expected the stroke on his Knees, saying twice, My Father Saint Francis Xaverius. It is believed he saw that

Saint, and that was the occasion of naming him. The first stroke took no Effect, the second made an impression, and the third his Head fell to the Ground, having called upon Jesus and Mary. There followed an Earthquake all the Country about. Being dead he had many Wounds given him, then was burnt, and the Ashes cast into the Sea. Thus much of Iapan, let us say somewhat of Ethiopia.

8. In the Year 1521, Sultan Sagued be∣ing Emperor, the Society of Jesus had a Residence at Gorgora in the Kingdom of Dambia, and a stately Church. Another Residence at Colela in the Kingdom of Go∣gan, to which was subordinate the Mission of the Agaos, a large Province. Another at Fremona in the Kingdom of Tigre.

9. The first Patriarch of Ethiopia was D. Iohn Bermudez, chosen by the Emperor and confirmed by the Pope, of whom we spoke in the Sixth Chapter of the Fourth Part of the Second Tome. The second Patriarch was D. Iohn Nunnez Barreto, a Jesuit, of whose Sanctity it is a sufficient Testimony, that he being at Tetuan serving the Slaves, the Bassa of that Place said, The Works of the Holiest Moor were not to compare with his. He died at Goa without reaching Ethiopia. The third was D. An∣drew de Oviedo, of a very Religious and Austere Life. He suffered much Persecu∣tion, for Preaching and Converting many Ethiopians. The fourth Patriarch was D.

Belchior Carnero, a Jesuit, who died at Goa. The fifth, D. Alfonso Mendez, of whom we shall speak hereafter. The sixth, D. A∣pollinarius de Almeyda, of whose Banishment also a further Account shall be given in its Place.

The End of the Third Part.

Notes

• * 1.1

  1617.
• * 1.2

  1617.