The Portugues Asia, or, The history of the discovery and conquest of India by the Portugues containing all their discoveries from the coast of Africk, to the farthest parts of China and Japan, all their battels by sea and land, sieges and other memorable actions, a description of those countries, and many particulars of the religion, government and customs of the natives, &c. : in three tomes / written in Spanish by Manuel de Faria y Sousa ... ; translated into English by Cap. John Stevens.

THE Portugues Asia. TOM. I. PART IV. (Book 4)

CHAP. I.

The Government of Lope Vaz de Sam∣payo, from the Year 1526 to the Year 1527, and Reign of King John the Third.

1. THE Governor D. Enrique de Meneses, when he died, left a Paper sealed, where∣in * 1.1 was named who should succeed him, in case the person appointed by the King was absent, requiring all there present to give Obedi∣ence to him, this Paper was lost, but the person therein named known to be Francis

de Sa, then commanding at Goa. The second Patent of Succession being opened (because the first was fulfilled in D. En∣rique) it named Peter de Mascarenas then commanding at Malaca. The distance was great, and the Season not fit to sail, after some Debates they chose the worst Expedient, which was to open the third Patent, in which was named Lope Vaz de Sampayo. The Government was put into his Hands, having swore to deliver it to Peter de Mascarenhas as soon as he came from Malaca. He immediately dispatched Captains to several places, and went out himself to scour the Coast with seven Sail. Advice was brought him from D. George Telo, and Peter de Faria, that they lay upon the Bar of Cananor, to keep in a Fleet be∣longing to Zamori. He sent immediate Orders to D. Antonio de Silveyra, and Chri∣stopher de Sousa, who were at Goa, to go join the other two, and secure the prize till he came. They performed it.

2. Cutiale, Admiral of that Fleet, per∣ceiving the danger that threatened him, disposed all things to meet it by Sea and Land. He had ten thousand Men at Com∣mand, Lope Vaz went in person through Showers of Bullets to view the Fortifica∣tions, which done, he returned and prepa∣red for the Assaults, contrary to the Votes of most of the Captains, who rather envied him the Glory of that Action, than feared the Danger, as if each were not to share with him in it. Nevertheless all obeyed,

and three Vessels were provided with one one hundred Men each to land first. Lope Vaz followed with a thousand Men in Ves∣sels that rowed. Peter de Faria was to fire the Enemies Paraos. They all at once couragiously undertook the Charge assigned them, and at the same time mounted the Trenches with great Slaughter on the one side, whilst above seventy Paraos were fired on the other. At length our Men remain∣ed victorious, above eighty Brass Cannons were taken, Lope spared the Town, because it belonged to the King of Narsinga, with whom we were then at peace.

3. Lope Vaz sailed victorious to Goa, where Francis de Sa refused to re•…•…ve him as Governor, on account of the Title he had to it himself by D. Enrique's appoint∣ment in the absence of Peter Mascarenhas. But the Council of the City siding with Lope Vaz, he was admitted as Governor, and began to act as such. The first thing he did was to send Advice to Peter Masca∣renas of his Election, either that he was not yet so fond of the Government, or rather to dissemble how fond he was of it. Next he gave the Command of Goa to Antony de Silveyra de Meneses, and sent Francis de Sa to the Island of Sunda, whether he had been designed from Portugal, giving him four hundred Men in six Ships. Antony de Mi∣randa Azevedo had fourteen to guard the Coast of India. Manuel de Gama had nine for the Coast of Coromandel, which he cleansed from Pyrats, and retook a Ship of

ours taken by them. Martin Alphonso Iu∣sarte was sent to Maldiva with six Vessels, and took a rich Vessel of Meca, in which were three hundred Moors. Having given other necessary Orders, he sailed for Or∣muz with five Ships, and three hundred Men.

4. They suffered much by the way, chiefly through Thirst. In his Passage he reduced the Towns of Calayate and Mascate, which had revolted, being exasperated by the avarice of Iames de Melo; for it is cer∣tain the King and publick suffer for the Interest of private Men, a thing D. Enrique was so sensible of, that this Melo being then Commander at Ormuz, he writ to him to be more moderate, and not provoke thirty years to go from Goa to teach sixty at Ormuz, for those were the Ages of them both. Lope Vaz did nothing at Or∣muz, but compose the Difference be∣tween Iames de Melo and Raez Xarafo, which had occasioned the Revolt of those two Towns, receive the Tribute of that King, and Prester Iohn's Embassador, who came with D. George de Lima, both brought by Hector de Silveyra.

5. Who was sent to lie off of Diu in wait of the Ships of the Red Sea, that trade for Cambaya, whereof he took three. They went to Diu where he continued many days at the request of Melique Saca, who made use of him to secure himself a∣gainst the King of Cambaya, feigning he intended to deliver the City to Silveyra,

being weary of the Tyranny of that King. Lope Vaz was then at Chaul, giving Oders for fortifying several places, fearing the Rumes or Turks were coming with a great Power, whereof he sent advice to King Iohn, and sailed for Goa.

6. At the same time arrived in India two Ships of five that set out this year from Lisbon, the other three came afterwards. These two brought fresh Orders from the King, relating to the Succession in the Go∣vernment, wherein Lope Vaz was before Mascarenas, the former having been the contrary. The Surveyor of the Revenue Alfonso de Mexia, to whom they were di∣rected, desirous to kindle Broils, caused them to be opened, to the great danger of the publick Peace.

7. The News hereof met Lope Vaz on the way, and arriving at Goa he was a se∣cond time received as Governor, and went thence to Cochin. He dispatched the tra∣ding Ships home, and sent in them Prester Iohn's Embassador, who went to Rome, where he gave entire submission to the Church of Christ, through the means of the Portugueses; and having received several Favours from Pope Clement the Seventh, returned to his Prince. These Ships being gone, Lope Vaz designed to go to the Red Sea against the Turks, who (it was said) fortified the Island Camaran. Some loose Tongues said it was a policy to strengthen himself at Cochin, in order to resist Masca∣renhas, who came to take upon him the

Government. Others said he really in∣tended to go to deprive Mascarenas of all Power, and gain the Affections of the Soldiers by giving them plunder. The certainty is, he studied to secure himself, for to resign a Command voluntarily is a thing not practised since those times.

8. Raez Solyman the Turk, who killed Mir Hozem at Gidda, recovered his Princes Fa∣vour by delivering up to him this City he had gained in the Service of the Soldan, and by means of a considerable Present; for Gifts are of force even with Princes, who have no need of them. Selin, who was then at Grand Cayre, converted his Ha∣tred to Love, because Solyman promised him great Advantages in India, if he would furnish him with a competent power to act there. He gave him twenty Gallies, and five Galions that were then at Suez. Soly∣man succeeding his Father Selin, sent Hay∣darin, to deliver this Fleet to Raez, who was then fortifying the Island Camaran, where the said Haydarin upon some dis∣gust killed him. Mustapha, Nephew to R•…•…ez, succeeded him, and slew Hydarin, then sailed to Aden, and thence to Diu, seeking the protection of the King of Cam∣b•…•…ya, as fearful of the Great Turk, whom he had offended with that Murder and o∣ther Actions; and having but few Vessels with him, for most of them refused to o∣bey him, and returned to Suez. Antony Tenreyro carried an account of the Success of this Fleet to King Iohn by Land, with

general admiration, being the first that performed that Journey, till then thought impossible.

9. Let us now return to Peter Mascare∣nas at Malaca, where the News being come of his Succession to the Government, he was immediately proclaimed and obeyed as such. As such he gave Orders, and be∣stowed some Commands. The Season was not yet proper to sail from Malaca to Cochin. But the Desire of Command wa•…•…s no season so he set out without it. A storm forced him back to Malaca, and he making a Virtue of Necessity complied with For∣tune, concluding it was Providence brought him to that City, which he had left in great distress, and taking it as an Omen of the Honor he thought to gain over Bintam, whose King entertained no small hopes of recovering Malaca, which was wholly un∣provided Mascarenhas disposed the Minds of the few Gentlemen that were there, and prepared to fall upon that King, giving out all was for the Island of Sunda, whi∣ther it was known Francis de Sa was de∣signed. He set out with twenty one Ships, in them four hundred Portugueses, and six hundred Malayes, commanded by Tuam Mahomet and Sinai Raja.

10. Great Labour was employed in clear∣ing the Mouth of the River, when thirty Barques appeared, sent by the King of Pam to the Relief of our Enemy. Duarte Coello and Ayres de Cuna went to meet them, bat∣tered some, dispersed others, and took

twelve loaden with Cannon and Provi∣sions. They return to the hard Labour of clearing the Mouth of the River, in which Work Ferdinando Serram consumed twelve Days, wherein his Men were spent with toil, and his Ship pierced with a thousand Cannon Shot. Yet he obtained his end, tho not without danger of perishing, for Laxemena fell upon him with such fury, that Ferdinando was left for dead, and both sides fought with great obstinacy. Peter Mascarenas perceiving this Action, pressed forwards in small Vessels that rowed, and coming upon the Moors made them retir•…•… with a great slaughter. Being returned to his Post, he considered the City, which was formidable for its Walls and opposite Fort, flanked with Bulwarks, stored with Men and Artillery. He ordered the man∣ner of the Assault, assigning every Man his Post, and diverting the Enemy from the place where he designed the chief Attack.

11. Our careful and almost rash Com∣mander in the dead of night, marched his men through a close Wood and un∣known way, very difficult for the Roots of Trees that crossed it, and streams of Water that spread the Superficies of the Grounds, yet before day they reached the City. The warlike Instrument sounding on a sudden from all sides, put the Moors into a Confu∣sion, at last they resort where they thought was the greatest danger, and that was where Mascarenas had posted the Malayes to give a diversion, whilst he entered on the other

side. All was full of Confusion, tho the Enemies behaved themselves gallantly. The first that mounted a Bulwark was Ayres de Cuna. Then they entred the City, and furiously run through it; Peter Masca∣renas ran to the King's Palace, where Laja Raja who commanded fell upon him, and the Fight was couragiously maintained till they understood the King was not there, for he perceiving the City was entered, mounted on an Elephant, and fled to the Woods and Mountain. This being known, the Moors gave way, some were killed, the rest fled. The Garrison consisted of seven thousand, four hundred were slain, two thousand taken. The Town was plun∣dered, the Booty great, and almost three hundred pieces of Cannon, no inconsi∣derable part of it. We had not above three killed in this Action, which was one of the most glorious we performed in Asia, to the immortal Honor of Mascarenas, and Peace of Malaca. For the King dying with grief, tho his Son Alaudin undertook the same Task, he had no power to annoy us much. The Proprietor of this Island from whom the King had taken it, begged of Mascarenhas to be restored to it, which was granted, he owning himself a Subject of Portugal. At this instant arrived the King of Linga, our All•…•…, with Succour. He was an honourable Witness of our Victory, and after congratulating, returned home.

12. Francis de Sa now prepared to prose∣cute his Voyage to Sunda. This Island is

divided on the South from Iava by a very narrow Channel. It produces pale Gold, and abundance of Pepper and Provisions. The Natives are many, unfit for War, but curious in adorning their Arms. They worship Idols, sell their Children to supply any want. The Women are beautiful, those of Quality chaste, contrary to what is usual in most of the other parts of the World. They have Convents into which they enter to preserve their Virginity as in Spain. The married Women kill them∣selves when their Husbands die; a good Custom to shew their Duty, and to prevent their killing them, were it not against the Law of Nature, and therefore a brutal Error.

13. Hither came before Henry Leme drawn by the Plenty and Goodness of the Pepper it produces, he was well received by the King Samiam, who offered a place to build a Fort, and three hundred and fifty one Quintals of Pepper, as a yearly Tribute to purchase the Friendship of the King of Portugal, in order to his support against the Moors who infested him, and were now much inferior to the Portugueses in those parts. But he attained not then the effect of his Desires; for when Francis de Sa came to raise the Fort in the place marked out by Leme, he met such oppo∣sition from the Moors, that he was obliged to return to Malaca, without doing any thing.

14. Mean while D. Garcia Enriquez did something at the Malucos, which had been glorious, if just. A War being left on foot by Antony de Brito with the King of Tidore, D. Garcia made peace with him only to un∣do what the other had done. This pro∣duced some difference between D. Garcia and Cachil de Aroez, who to revenge him∣self joined now with the King of Tidore. D. Garcia fearing this Union might prove dangerous, suddenly fell upon that City, then busied with the Funeral Ceremonies of the dead, and entring it, took away the Cannon, and burnt the rest. Thus the Peace rashly concluded was more rashly broke and the Portugueses throughout all those Islands were esteemed Men of no Faith or Reputation, for commonly a whole Nation suffers for the Faults of a few.

15. Martin Iniguez de Carchisano arrived at Port Camafe in the Kingdom of Tidore with one Ship of six the Emperor Charles V. sent the year 1525 to those parts that be∣longed not to him. The other Ships came before to an Island in three degrees of North Latitude, which they called S. Mat∣thew, where, on the Trunks of Trees they found Inscriptions denoting it to have been inhabited by Portugueses eighty years before. As soon as D. Garcia understood the new comers were Spaniards, he endea∣voured to compose the Affair, but to no effect, and perceiving they caused an al∣teration in the price of Spice, he sent first, then went in person to expel them, but

were all obliged to retire after much da∣mage sustained by the Spaniards Cannon, yet their Ship, tore by the Portugues Shot, afterwards sunk. Our Men had the like success at another Town on the Shore where the Spaniards were. D. Garcia sent Martin Correa to Malaca, where he under∣stood that the Inhabitants of Lobu, a Port of Sumatra, had slain Alvaro de Brito and seventy Men, he carried to revenge the Death of others killed there. As soon as he arrived, George Cabral recommended this Business to him, which he performed, reducing the City to Ashes, after putting all the Inhabitants to the Sword, taking all their Cannon, Brito's Galley and some o∣thers, the rest were burnt.

16. At this time came to the Malucos that renowned Gentleman D. George de Meneses, who lost his Hand at the glorious Action of Calicut, being the first that went thither by the way of Borneo, passing through many Islands, and giving his Name to some of them. The known way being five hun∣dred Leagues, he made it a thousand, and spent eight months in the Voyage, by reason of the Difficulties of that Sea, which is a meer Labyrinth of Islands and Banks of Sand. D. George and D. Garcia fell present∣ly at variance, because the latter would not return the way the other came, but by Banda, which was more easie and advanta∣geous, on the contrary of that by Borneo. It seem'd D. Garcia sought not the same that D. George; and D. George in all obeyed

Peter Mascarenas as Governor of India. The Dispute came to words ill becoming such Men, and the words to actions of the same nature. D. George puts D. Garcia in Irons. And D. Garcia being set at liberty, puts D. George into them. Being threatened by some he set him loose, and D. George being at liberty, sent after him to Banda, in case he came thither to make him Pri∣soner, and take his Ship. Vincent de Fonseca carried the Message. He also sent Vasco Lorenzo, Iames Cam, and Gonzalo Veloso to Malaca, by the way of Borneo, and with them a Present for that King. One part of the Present was a Piece of Tapestry with Figures of Men, which the Barbarian no sooner beheld, but he cryed out, They were men inchanted that would kill him in the night. And no persuasions being of force to con∣vince him of his Error, ordered the Tape∣stry should not remain in his House, nor the Messengers in his Port.

17. Fonseca was so diligent, that he arri∣ved at Banda before D. Garcia. They both armed, but Fonseca by craft took his Ship, and D. Garcia endeavouring to regain it, had two of his Men killed, and was forced to retire. He embarqued in a Vessel laden with Goods for Malaca, which was there seized upon, yet restored to him; yet after∣wards at Cochin the Vessel sunk, and the Sea swallowed to the value of fifty thousand Crowns he had in her. D. Garcia was left ashore with only the Cloaths he wore, and Nuno de Cuna, then Governor, imprisoned

and sent him to Portugal, to answer what he had done at Maluco. This was the end of those violent Courses wherewith he endea∣voured to enrich himself, and of the rash∣ness with which he durst say, That in spite of Sea and Winds he would reach Goa.

18. Whilst D. Garcia struggled with his ill Fortune, the Spaniards at Tidore were at va∣riance who should succeed in the place of their Captain who died. They agreed, and another Spanish Ship arrived, commanded by Alvaro de Saavedra. D. George modestly re∣quired them to desist, but to no purpose. Ferdinando Baldaya went against them in a Galliot. Alfonso de los Rios met him in another Vessel, they fought couragiously, the Spaniards remained victorious, having killed our Captain and others. Saavedra set sail for New Spain to bring assistance to prosecute this Act so well begun, and car∣ried with him some of the Prisoners in the Galliot he had taken. They fled with his Long-boat from certain Islands where he touched, and being afterwards taken at Ti∣dore, and brought to the Spaniards, they condemned them as Traitors to the Empe∣ror (as if they had owed him any Alle∣giance) and hanged Ferdinando Moreira, Simon de Brito was dragg'd and beheaded. After this D. George de Castro (who acci∣dentally came to Ternate) by order of D. George de Meneses went against the City Ca∣mafo, and the Inhabitants being fled, burnt it to the ground. But this belongs to next year, let us see what is doing in India.

CHAP. II.

Continues the Government of Lope Vaz de Sampayo, from the Year 1527, till the Year 1529, King John the Third Reigning.

1. LOpe Vaz de Sampayo understanding at Cochin, that Peter de Mascarenas was * 1.2 coming from Malaca to take upon him the Government, held a Council, where it was resolved not to admit him as Governor. This done, he went away to Goa, leaving Alphonso Mexia to put in execution what had been resolved. At his departure Lope Vaz paid off the Soldiers, who presently concluded, that Action proceeded not from his Bounty, but was to gain their Affections. Mascarenas arrived the last day of February, and after some difference with Mexia, re∣solved to land unarmed, thinking thereby to disarm the other. On the contrary, as Mascarenas landed, he was met by Mexia, well armed, and mounted with armed Men, who fell upon Mascarenas, run him through the Arm with a Lance, and wound∣ed others of his Company, so that to a∣void more harm he was forced to return to his Ship.

2. The News of this Exploit being brought to Lope Vaz at Goa, it so highly pleased him, that as a Reward to the Mes∣senger he gave him the Command of Cou∣lam, taken from Henry Figuera, because he had treated Peter de Mascarenas with Civility. In this one Action he committed two Crimes, one in rewarding Insolency, the other in depriving Modesty of its Re∣ward. Now being informed, that Mas∣carenas was on the way to Goa, he sent out to take and put him in Irons, which was executed by Antony de Silveyra, who deli∣vered him at Cananor to D. Simon de Mene∣ses, Commander of that Fort. The People of Goa were so weary of these Proceedings, that they broke out into open Railing. And Christopher de Sousa, Commander of Chaul, gravely reproved him for it by Letter, comforting Mascarenas the same way, af∣firming those Affronts redounded more to his Honor than the Government could have done.

3. Hector de Silveyra, a Gentleman in all his Actions great, fell at variance with Lope Vaz, upbraided him with his ill usage to Mascarenas, and particularly with refu∣sing their pretensions to be brought to Judg∣ment as Mascarenas desired. Lope Vaz 〈◊〉〈◊〉 sented it, Hector withdrew, and gathering his Kindred, Friends, and the Council of Goa, they sent a Letter signed by three hundred to Peter Mascarenhas, desiring him to come to Goa, where they would obey him as Governor. Then agreed to imprison

Lope Vaz, but he knowing it, sent Peter de Foria, Commander of Goa, to secure Hector de Silveyra, and all that were with him. Hector refused to deliver himself up, and Lope in a rage arming himse•…•…, entered the House where these Gentlemen were, then Silveyra, to prevent any publick Di∣sturbance suffered himself to be taken

4. D. Simon de Meneses, who held Mascare∣nas Prisoner at Cananor, and was no less of∣fended at Lope Vaz his Proceeeings, hearing what passed at Goa, set him loose, and toge∣ther with all that were there, swore him Go∣vernor. At this time arrived three Ships of five that set out of Lisbon, and in them D. Iohn Deca, Brother-in-law to Lope Vaz, of whom he asked whether he had not a good Title to the Government, and re∣mained satisfied of the Justice of his Cause, because approved by him and Friends. The other two Ships were cast away on the Island Madagascar. Christopher de Sousa ac∣knowledged Mascarenas as Governor, which much enraged Lope Vaz, but his anger was not of force to take place.

5. Antony de Miranda de Azevedo, Admi∣ral of the Indian Sea, desiring as well as Christopher de Sousa to prevent Distractions, joined with him, the Result of their A∣greement was, that Lope Vaz was reduced to put the business to arbitration. It was ar∣ticled, that the Competiors should stand by the Verdict, that neither should act as Governor in the interim, that all who were imprisoned on this Account should be

released, that the two who had procured this Accommodation might come freely to Goa, without any danger of Lope Vaz his anger. He at first opposed this Agree∣ment, but liking the Arbitrators, consented, adding some Conditions, the chief about Alfonso Mexia, in case Mascarenas had the preference.

6. Christopher de Sousa perceiving the Judges were all of Lope Vaz his Faction, to his great regret, caused one of them to be removed, and five others to be added. The Arbitrators being declared, many re∣sorted thither, and chiefly the Inhabitants of Cochin who, conscious, of what they had d•…•…e against Mascarenas, declared, if he were preferred, they would fly to the Moors. In fine, those who before solicited for Mas∣carenas were now against him, and Sen∣tence was accordingly given against him, the twenty sixth of December. It is not much that Lope Vaz should rejoice, but strange that Mascarenas should not be at all concerned. He embarqued in one of the Ships that came this year for Portugal, was well received by the King, who gave him the Command of Azamor in Africk, on his return from thence he was lost at Sea.

7. As soon as Lope Vaz was quietly settled in his Government, he dispatched Com∣manders to some Forts, and among them Peter de Faria to Malaca. Antony de Miran∣da de Azevedo was sent with a Fleet to burn the Turkish Gallies that were left at Camaran, after the death of Raez Soliman.

Martin Alfonso de Melo Iusarte went to build a Fort at Sunda, with eight large Ships and four hundred Men. He touched at Columbo in the Island Ceylon, where Pate Marcar of Calicut oppressed the King of Cota our Ally; but hearing of these Ships he fled up the Rivers, and Madune Pandar the King's Brother who joined with his Enemy, and pretended to the greatest part of the Kingdom, raised his Siege. Martin Alfonso went thence rich, having taken some Ships of the Moors, and agreed at Calecare with the Lord about the price of Pearls, whereof there is a Fishery. Further on he destroyed the Town of Core, because the Inhabitants had killed Iohn de Flores, who guarded that Fishery.

8. Going on his Voyage, a sudden and fierce storm drove all his company out of sight, and set him upon a Bank of Sand near the Island Nagamale, opposite to the City Sodoe. He went into the Long-boat with fifty Men, and with great difficulty came to the City Chacuria in the Kingdom of Bengala, the Lord whereof, after ma∣king use of them against his Enemy, made them all Slaves. Hence they were carried to Sore, where two of his Captains arriving, thought to have stoln them away by night, but were discovered and disappointed. The Indians had made a Vow to sacrifice to their Idols the handsomest Portuguese they should take, they judged one Gonzalo Vaz de Melo to be such, and accordingly sacrificed him, notwithstanding his Uncle Martin Alfonso

promised a great ransom for him. The o∣thers were afterwards redeemed by a Moor, for three thousand Ducats.

9. One of the Captains Lope Vaz had sent out, was D. Iohn Deca, to scour the Sea of Calicut. He behaved himself bravely in se∣veral Rencounters, and took this year fifty Prizes, laden with all sorts of Goods. He burnt the Town of Mangalor, and meeting afterwards the Fleet of Calicut, consisting of seventy Paraos, well equipped, under the Command of the Chinese Captain Cutiale, he fought them, took Cutiale, and most of the Vessels, killed fifteen hundred Moors, and had almost as many Prisoners. In these Rencounters he lost twenty Portu∣gueses.

10. Antony de Miranda de Azevedo sailed the latter end of Ianuary for the Red Sea, with twenty Ships, and above a thousand Men. After taking some Prizes, he met in the Mouth of that Sea Henry de Mace∣do, engaged with a great Turkish Gallion. They boarded him, and the Turks threw a burning Dart which stuck in the main Sheet, and began to fire it, but a strong Gust of Wind shaking the Sail, cast it back into the Turkish Gallion, where falling a∣mong the Powder, it blew all up, so that only eight Men escaped, and those escaped only the Fire, not the Sword, being killed as they swam. Antony de Sylva took a great Ship of Diu, and killed all the Men. D. An∣tony de Miranda fought another two days, and she got off. Several Captains had other

Rencounters. The chief Design, which was fighting the Turks in the Red Sea at the Island Camaran, took no effect, the Winds being contrary. They burnt the City Zey∣lan, the Inhabitants having saved themselves and Goods by flight.

11. They went thence to Ormuz, and next to Diu, and were dispersed by a storm. L•…•…pe de Mesquita met a great Ship wherein were 200 resolute Moors, and boarded her with thirty Men; no sooner were they in her, but his Gallion fell off. Being left thus they furiously fell upon the two hun∣dred, kill most of them, and take the Ship, which being much battered by the Gallion, was sinking. Mesquita with all speed sends his Brother Iames with sixteen Men in the Long-boat to save the Mony taken in the Ship, and return for those that were be∣hind. Those who thought to escape fell in∣to the greatest danger, for not reaching the Gallion, they were taken by the Fleet of Diu, and carried to the King of Cambaya, who would force them to turn Moors, but they remained constant. The King in a rage caused Iames de Mesquita to be put into a Cannon, in order to be blown in pieces, but admiring the resolution with which he entred, was appeased, and spared him. They were all put into Prison, and after∣wards released. Lope de Mesquita, the Gal∣lion and Antony de Miranda met at Chaul. Antony de Macedo came with his Ship so bat∣tered, it was almost a miracle he escaped, and his Face so monstrous no body knew

him, that caused by the Cannon, the latter by Fire, having been beset by fifty Barks and three Galliots off of Diu. He fought them a whole day, and was reduced to only six Men and a Woman, who supplied them with Powder, till accidentally Antony de Sil∣va came up with him, and the Enemies Commander being killed they fled.

12. The Moors had improved our Divi∣sions to do us much harm, Lope Vaz prepa∣red to be revenged. He left Antony de Mi∣randa to command at Goa, and went to Cochin where he fitted out eighteen Ships. At Cananor met him one hundred and thirty Paraos of Malabars. He could not attack them with the great Ships by reason of the contrary Wind. But resolving not to slip the opportunity, advanced with thirteen Pa∣raos against the hundred and thirty. He came up with and did them much harm with his Cannon, and they spared not theirs, but seeing two Paraos come out of Cananor to the relief of the thirteen, and the great Ships spread their Sails to come up, they fled, eighteen of them were sunk, twenty two taken, and in them fifty pieces of Cannon, eight hundred killed, and many Prisoners made. Those that fled, and others who joined them fell into the snare near Cochin.

13. Lope Vaz set out again with the same Fleet in search of Arel, Lord of Porca, who was seeking revenge for what had hap∣pened between him and D. Enrique at the destruction of Coulete. Lope Vaz scoured

the Coast as he went. Simon de Melo, who commanded the Brigantines, burnt twenty six Ships, and razed the Town of Chatua. The Fire ran 〈◊〉〈◊〉 far as Cranganor. He or∣dered the Fleet that was there to follow him, that all might share in the plunder of Porca, which he thought secure. He had a thousand Men with him, and with them he assaulted the City. Arel was not within it, and the Moors fought couragiously in defence of their Wives, Children and Goods. But the greatest part being slain, the rest fled, and the Town was plundered. The Wife of Arel and other persons of Note were taken, with much Gold, Silver, Jewels, Silks and other Stuffs, good Cannon, and thirteen considerable Vessels, all was put to the Sword first, and then delivered up to the Flames, without the loss of one Man. The Governor returning to Cochin found there two Ships that came from Portugal with Nuno de Cuna, who came to take upon him that Government, and was behind with most of the Fleet. Lope Vaz desired to de∣liver up India to him, cleansed of Pyrats, and so prosecuted his Undertakings. He went to Cananor, and sent his Nephew Simon de Melo against Marabia, a Town not far distant, who burnt twelve of the Paraos that guarded the Port, and landing, fired the Town. The same he did at mount Delii. Antony de Silva de Meneses acted in the same nature at other places. There was no∣thing every where but Fire and Sword, Ru∣in and Destruction.

14. The King of Cambaya at this time had fitted out eighty Barques against Nizamaluco, Lord of Chaul, and did harm to the Portu∣gueses: Alexiath, a valiant •…•…oor, command∣ed that Fleet; and our Commander at Chaul and Nizamaluco both demanded aid of Lop•…•… Vaz. He set out with forty Sail, in which were above a thousand Portugueses, besides the Natives, who bore Arms. Hector de Sil∣veyra had the Command of the Vessels that rowed. Lope Vaz being arrived at Chaul, sent eighty Portugueses under the Command of Iohn de Avelar to Nizamalu∣co, then sailed towards Diu, understanding the eighty Barques steered that way. Off of Bombaim he had sight of them. Some Vessels run to secure the mouth of the Ri∣ver Bandora, left the Enemy might escape that way. Hector de Silveyra with his Bri∣gantines fetched up Aleixiath. The Can∣non began a furious Charge, and the Smoak being dispersed, there appeared in the Air showers of Bullets and Arrows. Then they boarded, and after a vigorous Engagement Alixiath fled with only seven of his eighty Barques. Thirty three of them were of use, the rest burnt, the Pri∣soners were many, much Artillery taken, and abundance of Ammunition. Hector lost not one Man in this glorious Action to which Lope Vaz was a joyful Spectator, tho envious of Silveyra's Glory. Iohn de Avelar acted no less, for scaling an almost im∣pregnable Fort of the King of Cambaya; he was the first▪ that entered, and having

slain all the Defendants, delivered it up to Nizamaluco. Here three Portugueses were lost. They were all assisted by a thousand of Nizamaluco's •…•…ubjects. That Prince ho∣nored and rewarded the Bravery of the Portugueses.

15. Lope Vaz overjoyed with this suc∣cess, thought Diu, now weakened, would * 1.3 surrender, if he appeared before it, and he judged right, as afterwards appeared. But all the Captains, except Hector de Silveyra, being of a contrary opinion, he was forced to desist, and went back to Goa, leaving the famous Hector with twenty two Vessels that rowed to scour that Coast of Pirats. Antony de Miranda on that of Malabar drove all that came in his way. He had destroyed twelve Paraos, when Chri∣stopher de Melo, the Governor's Nephew, joined him with a hundred choice Men in six Brigantines and a Gally. Then they took in the River Chale a mighty Ship of Calicut, laden with Pepper, and bravely de∣fended by much Artillery and eight hun∣dred Men. Near Monte Hermoso, or Mount Beautiful, they defeated fifty Sail of Calicut, and took much Cannon and many Men in three Paraos. But the Winter coming on, they retired.

16. Hector de Silveyra who was left with his Brigantines on the Coast of Cambaya did much execution. He run up the River Nagotana of Baçaim, and landed, the Na∣tives, with the Terror of his Actions, de∣serting the Towns, whereof he burnt six.

At the last the Commander of Nagotana appeared in the Field with five hundred Horse, and a great number of Foot. Hector knowing it was a ra•…•…ness to encoun∣ter him, retired towards his Brigantines, but the Horse coming on hindered any from embarquing. Hector faced them, and killing three, made some room. Francis Go∣dino dismounting one of the Enemy, got upon his Horse, and killing another, brought that Horse to his Captain, who encouraging his Men, made the Enemy give back, and so gained time to imbarque. Hector went hence to Bacaim, seated on the Banks of the River of the same name, found it well fortified, and stored with Cannon, through whose Mouths he must force his landing. Behind the Town lay Alixiath with five hundred Horse, and three thousand Foot. Hector entered the River by night, and in the morning in de∣spight of their Cannon forced the Works, killing many of the Defendants. As he marched to the Town, on a sudden Alixiath fell on him with his three thousand five hundred Men. Silveyra drew his Men into one Body, and bravely put all that number to flight, killing many. Whilst they fled, Ba•…•…aim was plundered and burnt. The Lord of Tana, a great City, not far distant, terrified at this success, submitted himself as Tributary to Portugal, and was received by Hector, who now retired to Chaul.

17. Let us now see what was done during this time at Maluco. Simon de Sousa Galvam

was going in a Galley with seventy Men, to take the Command of that Fort of D. George, a most violent storm brought him in a miserable condition to the Port of Achem. Immediately flocked about them several Vessels upon pretence of assistance, but being come aboard they fell upon the seventy Portugueses with all manner of wea∣pons, but they recovering the Fright, bravely drove them all from their Ships sides, but not above twenty of them were left that could stand upon their Feet. The King in a rage that the Ship was not taken, ordered his Admiral to attack her in the morning. He came, and Simon de Sousa encouraging those Men that could scarce support themselves, did Feats like to those related in Fables, and repelled with great slaughter that Inundation that came upon them. But a Moor, who was in the Galley, leaping overboard, gave the Enemy an ac∣count of her miserable condition. With a fresh supply they came on again and board∣ed her, killing most of our Men, Si∣mon de Sousa was cut in pieces. Only such as had not life enough to seek their death remained alive, and were carried to the King with the Galley, and afterwards ser∣ved in the execution of his wicked De∣signs, as shall appear in its proper place.

18. Thus Simon de Sousa sailing by the way D. George de Meneses continued his Command at Maluco. He sent some Portugueses against Tidore and the Spaniards that were there, but they being put to the rout, D. George ga∣thered

the Ternatenses, they their Allies the chief whereof were Cachil de Aroez, the King of Bacham and the Sangages. They fell upon Tidore in the morning, those of of Tidore and the Spaniards fought coura∣giously, but were obliged to give ground and retire, the Spaniards to their Fort, ha∣ving lost six Men, two killed, and four ta∣ken, the Tidores to their City, whence they were forced to fly by D. George, who burnt and plundered it. Then he returned to the Fort, and summoned Ferdinando de la Forre, the Spanish Captain to surrender. He no longer able to hold out, accepted the Capitulation, the Heads of it were, that he should immediately go over to the City Camafo, that he should commit no Hostili∣ties upon the Portugueses, Ternatenses, or any of their Friends, that he should go to no Islands that produced Cloves. The King of Tidore was made Tributary to Por∣tugal, and obliged not to aid the Spaniards. Then D. George returned victorious to Ter∣nate.

19. Mean while Bohaat, King of Tidore, died in the Fort, not without suspicion of Poison given by Cachil Daroez. His Bro∣ther Cachil Daialo succeeded, who was no less suspicious of Cachil Vaiaco, whom he ac∣cused of heinous Crimes, but being afraid of his Life fled to the Fort, and suspecting D. George would deliver him to his Enemy, chose rather to die, by throwing himself out of a Window. All Ternate now mutined against D. George, and he imagining that

Cachil Vaideca had caused to be killed a China Sow he much esteemed, having more respect to that foul Beast than that noble person imprisoned, and after set him at liberty, anointing his Face with Bacon, which among that People is the most hei∣nous affront, and had been as highly re∣venged upon the Portugueses, had not the Prudence and Modesty of Antony Galvam, who succeeded in the Government, appeased the rage of the People.

20. D. George not content with this vio∣lence, sent to rob the Houses of the Moors of their Provisions. In fine, this Gentle∣man became on a sudden most wicked and outragious. The Moors stood upon their Defence, and treated some Portugueses as they now deserved. In the Town of Ta∣bona D. George took the chief Magistrate, and two Moors of Note, these two he sent back after cutting off their Hands, upon the other he set two Dogs on the shore, who tore his Flesh till he fled into the Water to shun them, but they pursuing, he defended himself with his Teeth, till the water coming up he was tore to pieces and drowned. This made D. George odious to all, and moved Cachil de Aroez to stir up the People to rise and ex∣pel both Portugueses and Spaniards. D. George catched him in the Contrivance, and be∣headed him publickly in Ternate, to the ter∣ror of all People, which occasioned the City to be unpeopled, the Inhabitants and even the Queen flying from this storm to other places. D. George was imprisoned for these in∣human

Barbarities, and sent to India, and thence to Portugal, where he was condemned to Banishment. Any Reward was too small for his former Actions, and this Punishment too slight for the latter. But because Nuno de Cuna now enters upon the Government of India, let us conclude this Chapter, and hereafter we shall see Lope Vaz return to Portugal, and his Punishment there for the Extravagancies committed against Peter de Mascarenas, and usurping the Government, which deprived him of the Reward, if not the Glory of those notable Exploits which might have rendered him deserving of it. He was Governor of it three years and ten months, his Complexion fair, and Coun∣tenance venerable, his Beard grey, Cap and upper Robe black with Crimson Lining, Breeches and Doublet of the same Colour, over all his Armour. I will reckon Peter Mascarenas the eighth Governor, both be∣cause he executed the Power some time, and because the condemning of Lope Vaz confirmed his Right. So Lope Vaz will be the Ninth in order.

CHAP. III.

The Government of Nuno de Cuna from the Year 1529 to the Year 1538, in the Reign of King John the Third.

1. IN May this same year arrived at Or∣muz, Nuno de Cuna, who came the year before from Lisbon with eleven Ships. Be∣cause setting out late he had a tedious Voyage, and by the way did considerable things, we will say somewhat of him be∣fore his arrival in India. One of his Ships was lost near Cabo Verde, the Captain and some Men saved, one hundred and fifty perished. After passing the Line they were dispersed by a storm, some met again af∣terwards. Nuno put into the Port San Tiago on the Island Madagascar, where he found a naked Portuguez, no less wild in appearance than the Blacks, but they were somewhat civilized. By him he understood the loss of two Ships of five that came from Lisbon the year 1527, commanded by Ma∣nuel de Lacerda and Alexius de Abreu.

2. This Man was a Soldier belonging to Abreu, they were cast away upon the Sands before that Port. They fortified them∣selves in hopes some Ships passing by would

take them up. After waiting a year one Ship passed but could not come to them, and they no longer able to subsist there, marched up the Country to seek their For∣tune in two Bodies, and this Man was left behind sick. Nuno de Cuna having adver∣tised the King hereof. Duarte and Iames Fonseca were sent from Portugal to find these Men The first perished in that Island, the other found but four and a French Man, and was cast away with them sailing for India. The French Man belonged to one of three Ships that came that year from France, and perished in that place. The four said many of their Companions lived in the Inland, but 'twas impossible to find them. From these it is thought sprung those People that the Hollanders there found eighty years after. They said, that a Por∣tugues Captain suffering shipwrack there, conquered that place, and became Sovereign, and all his Men marrying Natives had nu∣merous Issue, that they erred much in mat∣ters of Faith. Great were their Errors that could be perceived by the Atheistical Hol∣landers! But doubtless these People could not descend from only that Shipwrack, they might be some of the first Discoverers that were never heard of, and among o∣thers the three that sailed from Cochin with Francis de Albuquerque, the year 1530.

3. Nuno de Cuna being in this Island, in∣quiring into the Affairs of it, his Ship pe∣rished in a storm. The Men were saved in the other two, much Goods and Arms lost;

and thus he reached the Island of Zanzibar, where he eased the Ships over-burdened with Men, setting ashore (the King being our Friend) two hundred sick, under the Care of Alexius de Sousa Chichorro, with or∣ders to go to Melinde as soon as recovered.

4. Nuno de Cuna went thither, he tried to pass to India, but could not. Therefore not to lose time he resolved to take revenge on the King of Monbaça, who, in hatred to us, infested those of Melinde and Zanzibar. If the City was taken he purposed to make Munho Mahomet, Son of him that so kindly received Gama the first time, King of it. Which he understanding, and returning thanks, said, That he was incapable of that honor, being begot on a Cafre Slave; but since he would gratifie his Father's Kindness to the Portugueses, he might do it in the person of his Nephew, who, tho younger, was of the Blood Royal of the Kings of Quiloa. Nuno rightly judged, that none better merited a Crown than he that coveted it not, and re∣served his Answer till he saw the Event of the Enterprize. He set out with eight hundred Men, and Mahomet with sixty, and as many with Cide Bubac the King's Ne∣phew, the other had proposed to be King.

5. As he drew near there met him the Lord of Otondo, a neighbouring Town, of∣fering to accompany him with a well fur∣nished Vessel, being admitted, shewing Silver Chains upon his Legs, he said, He wore them in remembrance that he had been wrongfully imprisoned by that King, and had

swore never to take them off till revenged; that all the motive his Enemy had to use him so, was for his affection to the Portugueses, tho be never was so happy as to serve them. The King of Monbaça knowing Cuna's Design, prepared, planting Guns on a Bulwark that kept the mouth of the River, and bringing six hundred expert and resolute Archers in∣to the City. Nuno entred the River through Showers of Bullets that flew from the Bul∣wark, which killed some Men, and bat∣tered some Vessels. Yet he anchored the Evening near the City, all the Night the Enemy poured Arrows upon the Fleet, which answered with their Cannon. Day appearing, the Attack began, and Peter Vaz, Brother to Nuno, driving all before him, was the first who set up the Portugues Co∣lours in the highest place of the City, which being seen far off, the Ships began to celebrate the Victory. Many Moors were killed, the rest left the City. D. Fer∣dinand de Lima was suddenly clasped by a stout Moor, but his own Men coming in the Moor was slain, fulfilling a Vow he had made to the King's Neece whom he loved. For this Woman going out with others, said to him: Are these the brave men of Mon∣baça, who suffer their Wives and Children to lose the City, and go for refuge to the Cafres? And he answered: Since you affront me thus, I swear by the Love I bear you, before two days, those who love shall weep for me, and you, if you value me, shall not see me to reward my Love. He fulfilled his Vow, as did

many more, not one Portuguese was lost.

6. The City was plundered, twenty great pieces of Cannon taken. D Ferdinand de Lima going to secure the Bulwark, some Moors issued out of a Wood, did harm, for a few of our Men died of their poisoned Arrows. Many of the Enemy were after∣wards slain. Hither came News of some of Cuna's Fleet who had been separated from him.

Nuno the better to secure and people the City, which was great, sent to Melinde, whence presently came a Nephew of that King with five hundred Men, many of Qua∣lity, and he of Montangue with two hundred. By this means the Natives were drove out of the Island, tho Hunger afterwards for∣ced back many. The King of Monbaça, sensible of his Ruin, sent a Man of Note to treat of an Accommoda•…•…ion with Nuno, offering to become Tributary, and pay a Ransom for the City. They came to A∣greement.

8. The King presently began the Pay∣ment, and as soon fell off, finding the Por∣tugueses sickened and died. Two hundred were already dead, among them some Gentlemen, and Peter Vaz de Cuna. This and other Misfortunes pressed the disposing of the City. The King of Melinde's Sons durst not undertake to maintain it without a number of Portugueses, which could not be afforded after such a loss. Nuno con∣sumed the City to Ashes, and returned to Melinde, bringing with him those who

were left before at Zanzibar, and other pla∣ces, who joined him after the City was taken.

9. At Melinde he left eighty sick Men to be carried to India by Tristan Homem, who afterwards with them defended that King against him of Monbaça, who sought to re∣venge there the harm done him by the Por∣tugueses. In May the Governor began to visit the neighbouring Places to Ormuz, making Proclamation, That all persons who had any Cause of Complaint against Portu∣gueses should appear before him. Many ap∣peared with much Cause, and the Offenders were obliged to make restitution, to the great astonishment of the Moors,, not used to see such Justice executed. At Ormuz he made a solemn Entry, which being unu∣sual, was much admired by those People.

10. He found that Raez Xarafo great Guazil, or rather Tyrant over that King, tho restored by Lope Vaz, was not clear of those great Crimes he stood accused of. The chief were Rapin and Murder. and the Circumstances such, that King Iohn had sent after Nuno de Cuna, Emanuel de Macedo, with Orders independent of the Govern∣ment, to take and bring him to Portugal. They both had a Hand in securing him. Nuno visited the King, and gave him Let∣ters from ours. He qualified the King's Displeasure for imprisoning Xarafo, and his fear for his own Offences, received his Ex∣cuse, and took leave. The King presented him with rich Jewels, Pieces of Cloth of

Gold, Silks and a stately Horse with fine Furniture after the Persian manner. Nuno refused to accept, but seeing the King was af∣fronted at it, received it in his King's Name. The Gentlemen with him received rich Gifts.

11. Nuno made some Inquiry into Xara∣fo's Crimes, and sent him to Portugal. The King for the Murder of Mahomet was sentenced to pay forty thousand Xeraphins over and above the sixty thousand he paid yearly. It is true, this Crime served only as a pretence to overload him with this Tribute, being the third part of the Reve∣nue of Ormuz. Raez Xarafo, tho guilty of heinous Offences, carried enough Riches with him to purchase Favour in Portugal, and be restored to his Employ.

12. Whilst the Governor was thus em∣ployed at Ormuz, Belchior Tavarez de Sousa came thither, he had been to assist the King of Baçora with forty Men against him of Gi∣zaira. He was the first Portuguese that went up the Rivers Tigris and Euphrates. Baçora is thirty Leagues from the mouth of these Rivers, in thirty degrees: some∣what more of Northern Latitude. It is a new Foundation in memory of the ancient Baçora, eight Leagues distant from it, the Ruins whereof are still to be seen, and in the opinion of a person of Judgment who did see them, are twice as big as Grand Caire. The Island Gizaira is formed by the two Rivers, Tigris, whose Springs are in Curdi, of the greater Armenia; and Euphra∣tes,

whose Fountains are in Turkomania. The Circuit of it forty Leagues, it contains forty thousand Archers.

13. The King of Baçora had received Sousa with State, and Joy in a Court of his Palace, so large, that it contained two thousand Men without any Throng. Next day gave him an account of his Condition, desiring he would either bring the King of Gizaira to an honorable Peace, or recover some Forts he had taken from him. The King of Baçora set out with two hundred Dalacas, or large Barques, in them were five thousand Men, six hundred whereof were Musqueteers, seven Vessels full of Turks with good Cannon, his Nephew marched by Land with three thousand Horse. He planted himself on the side of Arabià, opposite to where he of Gizaira was posted with twelve hundred Men. By order of the King of Baçora, Sousa writ to his Enemy, telling him, He was sent by the Commander of Ormuz to make peace between them, or to stand to the Event of War, The King of Gizaira answered, That being the first Request of the Captain of Ormuz, and he the first Portuguese that had come to those parts, he granted all.

14. The King of Gizaira sent persons with power to treat, and Peac•…•… •…•…as con∣cluded to the satisfaction of him of Baçora, who seeing all safe, refused to perform what he had promised Sousa, which was to deliver up the seven Turkish Vessels, and not admit them into this Kingdom again

as being our Enemies. Sousa embarqued, took one of his great Barques, and land∣ing with thirty six Portugueses, burnt a Town of three hundred Houses. Another, tho not so big, he fired on the Persian side. He again appeared before Baçora, but wanting Provisions, returned to Ormuz.

15. Nuno de Cuna, to reward Sousa, gave him the Command of that Sea, sending him at the King's Request to the Island Ba∣harem, to secure Raez Barbadim, who was revolted. But he having good intelligence baffled the Contrivance, and obliged Nuno de Cuna to send his Brother Simon with eight Vessels, and four hundred Men, be∣sides some of the Natives in their Barques. They set out.

16. Mean while Nuno de Cuna prepared to go for India. He arrived at Goa the lat∣ter end of October, where were before him four Ships come from Portugal the most fortunately that any had done yet; for of above fifteen hundred Men they brought, none died but our Captain, and they came all in perfect health. Nuno made a very solemn Entry into the City. There were at this time ready almost one hundred and forty Vessels, provided by the care of Lope Vaz, many considerable, as six Gallions, eight Royal Gallies, six Caravels, and fourteen Galliots, all well stored, with Arms and Ammunition. The Forts were also well provided. For tho Lope Vaz usur∣ped the Government, he managed it better than many that were named for it. The

Governor's presence was required at Cochin for the Dispatch of the homeward bound trading Ships and other Affairs.

17. Whilst he sailed to Cochin, Simon de Cuna came to Baharem with his Ships, and joining Belchior de Sousa, landed. He bat∣tered the Fort three days, and lost it for want of Powder, for whilst he sent for more to Ormuz, his Men so sickened, that above one hundred Portugueses died, and many were in danger, and the very Persians used to that Clime were in no better Con∣dition. With this loss he drew off. This seemed an effect of Divine Justice, for Bar∣badim offered to deliver up the Fort upon condition he might go away in safety, but our Gentlemen would not hearken to him, fearing to lose the Booty.

18. Simon de Seusa found no less a Pesti∣lence had raged among his Seamen. Thus they set sail, but being becalmed not far from Ormuz, many of the sick died, and among them some persons of good Note, and Simon de Cuna himself. A great Grief to his Brother Nuno, who had already lost his other Brother at Monbaça.

CHAP. IV.

Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna, from the Year 1529, in the Reign of King John the Third.

1. NUno de Cuna sailing to Cochin, put in at Cananor, and the King sent to welcome him. Cuna excused himself that he did not go ashore to see him by reason of his haste, and the King for not going aboard the Gallion, because he was indi∣sposed. After these Complements came the Guazil, a great Friend of the Portugueses, and to gain the favour of Cuna, as of o∣ther Governors, privately offered him a Collar, which he refused to receive. Don Iohn de Deca at that time had the Com∣mand of the Fort, he visiting the Gover∣nor aboard, brought him a Message from Lope Vaz then there, desiring him to come ashore, and he would there resign the Go∣vernment to him. Nuno sent to desire him to come and resign aboard. He came, and the Resignation was performed with the usual Solemnities. As he was in the Vessel ready to return, he was ordered by Cuna to bear him company to Cochin. Then the Governor made Proclamation, That any

who had been wronged by Lope Vaz, should repair to him, and he would do them Justice. This troubled Lope Vaz, and he sent him word, That those were rather Libels than Proclamations; for no Man that had cause of Complaint against him, needed to be stirred up by sound of Trum∣pet. At Cochin, Nuno ordered Lope Vaz to be imprisoned, and an Inventory of all his Goods to be taken, and all deposited in safe Hands to be delivered at Lisbon, as the King should direct. Lope Vaz said to the Officer that took him, Tell Nuno de Cuna, that I imprisoned, he imprisons me, and one will come who will imprison him. Nuno being told it, said, I doubt not but I shall be imprisoned, but the difference between us will be, that Lope Vaz deserves it, and I shall not. Neither was he deceived, for he had been close laid up in Portugal, had he not died at Sea: we shall see it at the end of his Government. Lope Vaz was less afflicted for his Confinement, than the insolent Re∣proaches of the Rabble, that the worst Ship was allotted him to imbarque, only two Servants allowed him, and barely so much of his own as would maintain him the Voyage. An unjust proceeding with a Man of his Worth, whose person ought not to be indecently used whilst his Crimes were inquired into.

2. Nuno de Cuna found nothing in readi∣ness at Cohin, of what he ordered from Me∣linde should be provided to make war upon Diu, which was the principal point of his

Instructions. Perceiving the year was too far gone for that Undertaking, he applyed himself to other Affairs, and fitted a Fleet of thirty Sail to scour the Coast of Mala∣bar, under the Command of Iames de Sil∣veyra, who commanded the four, came last from Portugal. Antony de Silveyra Meneses had a Squadron to cruise in the Sea of Cam∣baya. And Hector de Silveyra another for the Red Sea. Whilst these Commanders sailed on the Coasts assigned them, our homeward bound Fleet arrived at the Ter∣ceras Islands, where an Officer was waiting to put Lope Vaz into Irons. Loaded with them he landed at Lisbon, and was set upon a Mule, on which he was carried, accom∣panied by the rude Rabble up to the Castle, and put into a Dungeon, w•…•…h Orders, that not even his Wife should be permitted to see him. He was accompanied in this mi∣serable state by Raez Xarafo Guazil of Or∣muz, brought by Emanuel de Macedo. Af∣ter two years Lope Vaz his Crimes began to be taken into consideration and examined, the King having ordered him to be prose∣cuted with the utmost rigor. The principal Article against him was his unjust Pro∣ceeding with Peter de Mascarenas. The Duke of Braganca pityng the Misfortunes of this brave Gentleman, prevailed with the King to give him a hearing in Council. Accordingly his Majesty being seated in Council with all his Judges about him, Lope Vaz was brought in, venerable for his per∣son, his Face covered with a thick and

longe white Beard, and with such tokens of the Miseries he had endured in almost three years imprisonment, reckoning from India, that had Peter Mascarenas or any of his E∣nemies seen him, they might think them∣selves sufficiently revenged of all the Extra∣vagancies he had been guilty of towards them. Being placed at the Bar as a Criminal, after the King's leave obtained, he with an undaunted Constancy made a learned, comprehensive and copious Speech. In which after running over his Fore∣fathers Services to the Crown, he particu∣larized his own from his infancy till that time, reflected upon his Sufferings and Wrong done him since Imprisoned, and in general to several other brave Governors his Predecessors, exposed the Malice of his Accusers, justified his own Proceedings, illustrated by Examples how others guilty of greater Crimes than he was accused of, were pardoned in respect of their Services, then made a parallel between them and his Sufferings, and concluded, throwing him∣self upon either his Majesties Justice, or Mercy, from one of which he hoped such a Discharge, that he might have more cause to return thanks for the future, than he had till then to lament his hard Usage. The King having heared with attention, examined him upon every Article of his Impeachment, and he answered to each. The Articles were in all forty three; the principal, as was said, such as related to Peter Mascarenas, the others such as would

never have been thought of, had not those brought them in to fill up the number. In fine he was carried back to the Castle, whence he sent his Defence, as is usual in such Cases, and in conclusion was sentenced to lose all his Allowance as Governor, and to pay to Peter Mascarenas ten thousand Ducats, which confirmed the latter, not him, to have been the real Governor, and justified those who had obeyed them as such. He was also banished into Africk. But he resenting this hard Fortune, resolved to change his Country and his Prince, as the famous Ferdinand Magallanes had done be∣fore. And getting into Spain, he unnatu∣ralized himself; and from Badajoz writ a Letter to the King, affirming his usage had been highly unjust, and that he was resolved to try whether changing his Country he could change Fortune, and restore his Ho∣nor. This had such effect, that he was re∣stored to his Country. Alfonso Mexia being likewise brought prisoner to Portugal, had the same success; he was also accused of Crimes committed at Ormuz, the Com∣mander of which Fort Iames de Melo was under the same Circumstances. Let us now return to India.

3. Iames Silveyra on the Coast of Cali∣cut carried so heavy a Hand upon those People, that their King was obliged to send Embassadors to Nuno de Cuna, desiring Peace. He granted upon such Conditions as they deserved who had never kept any. They were willing to accept part, but re∣jected

the rest, so Silveyra reduced them to extreme Famine, hindering the Importation of Provisions. They received some Re∣lief from Cananor, and Simon de Sousa being forced upon that Shoar, after valiantly re∣pulsing the Moors, his Powder took fire, and blew up the Brigantine.

4. Melique Saca being expelled Diu, found it convenient for the compassing his Ends with the King of Cambaya, to use those Artifices with Nuno de •…•…una he had done with Hector de Silveyra, when he of∣fered to deliver up that City to him. He writ to Nuno, that tho he could not deliver Diu, at least he could assist him in the ta∣king of it; to this end it was convenient they should have a meeting, and in order there∣unto he might send him a Pass and Ships for himself and Retinue, commanded by Gaspar Paez, whom he had known at Diu. The Governor granted all, and he made use of it to be restored to the King of Cambaya's Fa∣vour, receiving and putting off Gaspar Paez with Subleties and Impudence, pre∣tending the Pass was not securely worded, and the Ships were too few. Paez told him he had by the way with those Vessels taken a great Ship, and put to flight fourteen Barques in the River Pormeane, and that he might go with all safety. But no Reason is of force against Craft and Falshood.

5. Gaspar Paez would have taken some Revenge, but could only burn nine Barques. The Governor enraged hereat, suddenly began to make such Preparations against

Diu as should not easily be disappointed. He had not yet seen the King of Cochin who was sick of the Small Pox. Nuno being less fearful of the Infection than the King, who sent him word, That he did not desire to see him, for fear he might catch the Di∣sease, tho he believed his fight would cure him. Nuno went to visit him, and it was much he was received, for those Princes suffer not themselves to be seen in any Sickness. The whole Conference contain∣ed nothing but Complaints of Injuries done by Lope Vaz and Alfonso Mexia. Nuno left him well satisfied with his Courtesie, so that he began to look upon himself as a King, having till then been treated as a Slave, and found himself better in health.

6. It was requisite Nuno de Cuna should * 1.4 now go to Goa. At Chale he visited the King, and gave him content. About Mid-February he came to Cananor, and saw that King, whom he much obliged by conform∣ing to his own Ceremonies at the Inter∣view. This Prince offered him some Jew∣els, which he fearing to affront him receiv∣ed, but delivered to the Officers of the Re∣venue as belonging to the King.

7. He ordered Iames de Silveyra to pu∣nish a rich Merchant of Mangalor, who did great wrong to the Portugueses. He scoured the Rivers along that Coast, with sixteen Ships, and four hundred and fifty Men. Then entered the River Mangalor, on whose Banks is the Town of that Name belonging to the King of Narsinga, our

Friend, but that Merchant favoured Calicut, our Enemy. This Merchant knowing the Design was against him, was well fortified. Iames Silveyra chose the lesser Vessels with two hundred and forty Men to go up the River, who were met by a great Squadron, which after some contest was put to flight. The Town was immediately entred, all the Defendants quitting it. Iames Silveyra then turned to the Fort, and after some re∣sistance took it. The Merchant fled in de∣spair, but was overtaken and killed by a Musquet Ball. Those who fled sought re∣fuge in the River, and our Swords there made it run bloody. Nothing was taken but some Cannon, for Booty being very great, the Captain caused it all to be burnt, lest he might endanger his Ships by over∣loading them. There were also burnt thir∣teen Vessels that waited for loading. Win∣ter coming on, he thought so great a Force was not requisite, and dismissed half the Fleet. But there had been use for all when he met Pati Marcar, a Commander of Ca∣licut sailing for Mangalor with sixty Paraos. The Weather prevented fighting then, so he waited their Return, and gave Battel at Mount Delii, where six Paraos were sunk, then went to Cochin.

8. Antony de Silveyra, to whom the Coast of Cambaya was allotted, had now under his Command fifty one Sail, whereof three were Gallies, and two Galliots, and in them nine hundred Portugueses. He went up the River Taptii, on whose Banks are two Cities,

the chiefest of that Coast. On the one side, Surat, containing ten thousand Fami∣lies, most Handycrafts, and all of no Cou∣rage, called Bancanes. On the other side, Reyner, of six thousand Houses, but war∣like Men, and well fortified. The River being sounded, it was found there was not Water enough for the greater Vessels, which were left at the Barr under Francis de Vasconcellos. With the rest Antony de Silveyra returning to the Mouth of the Ri∣ver, and having sailed four Leagues, disco∣vered Surat. Three hundred Horse, and almost ten thousand Foot opposed the Land∣ing, armed with Bows and Musquets, they spent their-Shot, and fled without expect∣ing an Answer. The City was entred without any farther resistance, and nothing left in it that had life, or was of Value. Then the City and some Ships that lay in the Arsenal were burnt. A little higher on the other side was the City Reyner, inhabited by the Nayteas Moors, of more Courage and Policy, who nevertheless scarce essayed our Fire, when they fled, leaving all in the Hands of the Portugueses, who had all been rich, could they have carried away all the Plunder. They carried what they could, the rest was all burnt, with twenty Ships and many lesser Vessels that were in that Port. Emanuel de Sousa was in both Actions the foremost at landing, not without great danger, especially in the latter, the Enemy playing much great Cannon at him.

9. Antony de Silveyra returning to the Mouth of the River, found that whilst he burnt those Cities, Francis de Vasconcellos had not been idle, but taken six Vessels laden with Provisions bound for Diu. Now they sailed together to Damam, a Town great and strong, yet terrified by the Disaster of the others, quitted by the Inhabitants, and burnt by our Men. On the contrary the Town of Agaçaim fourteen Leagues from Chaul, dared the Portugues Fury with four hundred Horse, and five thousand Foot. At first shock they killed five Portugueses, and the rest began to flie, but being rallied by the Captains, the Town was taken, and in it much Cannon and Riches. Many were killed, above two hundred taken. The Fire of the Town took hold of the Vessels which were three hundred.

10 Whilst Antony de Silveyra was thus employed, Francis Pereyra de Berredo, Com∣mander at Chaul, overcome by the Intrea∣ties of the Inhabitants, oppressed by Badur, King of Cambaya; who was Master of the Field, marched with fifty Horse, and one hundred and fifty Foot, till he met Popate∣rao with five thousand of the former, and twelve thousand of the latter. The mul∣titude, weariness and heat so disordered the Portugueses, that most of them were slain, Francis Pereyra seeing the Fort in danger, called Antony de Silveyra, who instant∣ly with care relieved it in person, which preserved it from falling into the Hands of King Badur, which it must have done, if

assaulted at that time. Francis Pereyra was punished for that loss and rashness by being deprived of his Command, and imprisoned by the Governor, who gave that Post to Antony Silveyra, whose Diligence had sa∣ved it.

11. Hector de Silveyra, who sailed from Goa on the twenty first of Ianuary with ten Sail, and six hundred Men, for the Red Sea, spread his Ships cross the Mouth of it from Cape Guardafu on the Coast of Asia, to Xael in Arabia, that no Enemy might escape him. Most of them had some Suc∣cess, chiefly Hector and Martin de Castro who took two great and rich Ships, killing the Defendants who made a brave resi∣stance. A Brigantine of twelve Men that accompanied the Ship taken by Hector to Mascate, made up to a great Barque, sup∣posing her a Portuguese, and discovered not the mistake till it was not possible to avoid fighting thirty valiant Turks that were in her. They fought till both parties tired, were forced to rest, and having recovered Breath all the Turks were slain. Of the Portugueses three died, the nine carrying off the Barque as a Trophy of this brave Ex∣ploit. The Fleet being joined, appeared before Aden, where Hector managed that King with such Dexterity, that he con∣sented to pay a Tribute of twelve thousand Xeraphins yearly to the Crown of Portu∣gal, offering him immediately a Crown of Gold. The Agreement was solemnly sign∣ed on both sides, and Antony Botello left in

that Port with a Brigantine and thirty Men. In the same manner the King of Xael submitted, who not long before had accompanied Mustapha, a Turkish Captain, with twenty thousand Men to make war upon Aden. In the Month of September arrived at Goa six Ships from Portugal.

12. Let us look upon the Indian Sea now * 1.5 covered with a Wood of Ships, the product of the Governor's great care, now full of his Design upon Diu. This Fleet consisted of above four hundred Sail, many large, more indifferent, and the greatest number small, several of them were only Sutlers, fitted out by the Natives for private Gain. In the Island Bombaim was made a general Review of the Fleet, and found to con∣tain three thousand six hundred Soldiers, and one thousand four hundred and fifty Seamen, all Portugueses, above two thousand Mala∣bars and Canaras, eight thousand Slaves fit for Service, and almost five thousand Sea∣men. The Governor landed at Damam, a Fort of Cambaya, which was immediately quitted by the Moors. Mass was said there and the general absolution given. Then three Rewards were proposed to the three first that should mount the Walls of Diu at the scaling of it. Hither came the News, that the Arabs, Turks and others, to the number of two thousand fortified themselves in the Island Beth, seven Leagues from Diu. It was by Nature and Art so begirt with Rocks and Walls, and stored with Cannon, that Nuno de Cuna gave no Cre∣dit to the Relation till he saw it.

13. On the seventh of February he came to the Island, and having in person viewed all Difficulties besieged it. He summoned the Barbarians to surrender; but they were so resolute, that many of them shaved their Heads, a Token that they fear not death, but are devoted, which they call making themselves Amoucos. Their Commander gave them a brutal Example of Resolution, making a great Fire, and throwing into it his Wife, Son, Goods and Family, that if the Portugueses overcame, they might find nothing but a heap of Ashes. Others fol∣lowed the Example. Nuno ordered the Island to be attacked at once in six several places. At Break of Day each Officer cou∣ragiously fell on the place appointed him. The Enemy received them with desperate fury. Many were killed, and among them the brave Hector de Silveyra, who in so ma∣ny Occasions had notably signalized himself. This to us was a great loss. Our dead in all were twelve. A Portuguese ran through an Islander with his Lance, and he pressing for∣ward upon it, with his Cymiter cut off the Portuguese his Leg, and they both fell down dead. One stood upon a Rock with four Women, and seeing our Men comeon, killed two of the Women by their free consent, but a Bullet preventing him from killing the other two, they both leap'd into the Sea to prevent being made Slaves, but to no effect, for they were taken in the Sea. Eighteen hundred of the Enemy were killed, and sixty Cannons taken.

14. Nuno de Cuna parting from Beth, ap∣peared no less formidable to Diu, than that City did to him. The City considered the Sea covered with that Fleet. The Fleet, a City built upon Rocks, and encompassed by them and Water, the Mouth of the Ri∣ver crossed with massy Chains sustained upon Vessels, and eighty filled with Archers and Musqueteers to defend them; within ten thousand armed Men, and an infinite number of great Artillery. The tops of Houses, Walls and Rocks covered with multitudes of People of both Sexes and all Ages, rending the Air with Shouts. Our Governor viewed the danger, consulted the Captains, and ordered the Assault.

15. On the sixteenth of February, the signal being given, the Sea and Land were cove∣red with Clouds of Smoak and Dust of the Destruction our Guns made in the City. Nuno standing in a Boat cloathed in red, to be the better seen, flew to all parts where there was occasion, and being known, was all the Mark the Enemies Shot was direct∣ed to. Which Sebastian de Sa, who, by fa∣vour, was taken out of another Boat into his, perceiving with some concern, said to him, Alas, Sir, was it for this you brought me hither! And he pleasantly, as if no danger had been near, replyed to him and others, Humilitate capita vestra. D. Vasco de Lima had not lowered his Head, for a Ball took it off his shoulders. Our Cannon be∣gan to burst with the continual Fire. Cuna perceiving this loss, and that twelve Men

were killed without doing any considerable Execution upon the Enemy, the day being spent, consulted with the principal Men, and it was agreed the Enterprize was not practical. He desisted, leaving Antony de Saldana with sixty Vessels in the Bay of Cambaya, to do what damage he could to the Enemy. It was agreed on all Hands, that had not the Governor stayed to take Beth, he had carried Diu; for the Moor Mustapha was the only cause of its holding out, who entered but three days before with con∣siderable Relief. We lost never a Vessel, and that part of the Fleet which went with Nuno de Cuna arrived at Goa the fifteenth of March, where it stayed till two Ships came in of six that sailed this year from Lisbon. Of the other four, one returned to Portugal, another perished in a storm at Cape Comori, the Captain Manuel de Macedo and all the Men being saved ashore, where they de∣fended themselves against a great number of Moors, till relieved from Cochin. A third was never heard of. And the fourth came afterwards, but returning home with another, it was never known of what became of both.

16. Mustapha as soon as the Portugues Fleet was gone, went to offer himself to King Badur, carrying great Presents, and was received with Honor, and rewarded. He gave him the Command of Baroche in the Bay of Cambaya, and other considerable Revenues with the Title of Rume, because he was a Grecian; for the Indian Moors be∣ing

ignorant of the Division of the Pro∣vinces of Europe, called all Thracia, Greece, Sclavonia, and the adjacent Countries Rum, and the Natives thereof Rumii, this Name being proper only to those of Thracia, called Romania. Therefore the Turks and Rumes are different Nations, those being o∣riginally of Turchestan, and these of Greece and Thrace, and the Rumes esteem them∣selves more honorable than the Turks. He also gave him the Title of Cham, a Digni∣ty among the Tartars, like a Duke with us, and among the Eastern People is given to Persons of great Merit. So Mustapha from hence forward was called Rume Cham.

17. Antony de Saldana, who was left in the Sea of Diu with sixty Sail and fifteen hundred Men, went to the City Madrefa∣bat, five Leagues distant towards the Island Beth, and burnt it with small opposition. Then he went to Goga twenty four Leagues distant from the last, a place of great Trade, formerly populous and strong. In the Port were fifteen of the best Paraos of Calicut, laden with Spice, who fled up a Creek, and were followed by Saldana, with eight hundred Men in the smaller Vessels. It was found necessary to land, and three hundred Horse and eight hundred Foot coming down to the Relief of the Mala∣bars, there was a sharp Engagement, till above two hundred of the Enemy being killed, they quitted the Field and Vessels which were all burnt, as was the Town and eight Ships in the Port. We lost some Men.

The chiefest Booty was much good Can∣non. The same happened to the Towns Belsa, Tarapor, Maii, Quelme and Agacim, and lastly Surat, then rising after the last Fire, and some Vessels in that River. Sal∣dana having thus terrified all that Coast re∣tired to Goa. About this time came into Nuno de Cuna's power a Brother of the King of Cambaya, who was the rightful Heir of that Crown, and through him our Governor hoped to compass some consi∣derable advantage. D. Antony de Silveyra who parted from Chaul with six Ships arrived at Aden, and found that King who not long before submitted to the Portugueses, had killed such as had stayed there, for Co∣vetousness of a Ship laden with Spice that came to his Port. Silveyra being too weak to revenge this, sailed to Ormuz, where he died, George de Lima succeeded in his Com∣mand, and took two rich Ships in the Bay of Cambaya.

18. Our Cruisers had about this time taken twenty seven Ships of the King of Calicut richly laden. He being preplexed with these Losses, and fearing greater, proposed an Accommodation. Iames Pereyra was sent to treat, and obtained what he desired, which was leave to build a Fort at Chale. Chale is an Island in a River that falls into the Sea three Leagues from Calicut, navi∣gable in Boats up to the Mountain Gate. Urinama, a Heathen, was a King of it, and next to him he of Tanor, both Subjects of Calicut. Both coveted the Friendship of

the Portugueses, as well to cast of that Yoke as in hopes to grow rich with our Trade. As soon as Nuno had obtained consent to raise the Fort, he set out from Goa with one hundred and fifty Sail, three thousand Por∣tugueses, and one thousand Lascarines of the Country. Such diligence was used in the Work, (the Gentlemen not sparing their Labour) that in twenty six days it was in a posture of Defence, the Wall being nine Foot broad with Bulwarks, Towers, a Church, a House for the Commander, and Store-houses. The Command of it was gi∣ven to Iames Pereyra, who had forwarded the Work, with two hundred and fifty Men; and to secure it by Sea Manuel de Sousa with twenty two Ships. The King of Calicut repenting he had given leave for that Work, made War upon the Kings of Chale, Caramanlii and Tanor, at the same time making Overtures to draw them to break with the Portugueses: but to no effect.

19. About the end of February Emanuel de Vasconcellos set out for the Red Sea with two * 1.6 Galliots, and some Brigantines. At Xael with the loss of one Man he took some Turkish Vessels laden, and among them a great Ship called Cufturca, which was sent Mascate. The King of Xael fearful of some danger, made his Peace with Submission and Presents. After Vasconcelos, came thi∣ther Antony de Saldania with ten Ships, and the King seeing he would not allow of the submission he made to Vasconelos, began to secure himself, sending out of the

Town all the Riches, Women and Chil∣dren, which were seen from the Ships, crossing the Mountain upon Camels. But the Weather obliged Saldana to leave that Sea.

20. He sailed to Mascate, thence to the Coast of Diu, seven or eight Ships of that City came out and engaged him, he took three, and stranded the rest. The same happened to a Turkish Gallion that was in Port, and endeavoured to flie. A storm rising there dispersed most of the Brigan∣tines. Saldana had three Gallions with him, and they suffered Hunger and Thirst, when the Sea driving them towards the Bar, twenty seven Ships of the Enemy that watched the opportunity fell upon them, but drew off without any considerable Action. He dispatched two Vessels to view Pate, on which he had some Design, they meeting a rich Ship bound for Diu, after a very sharp Engagement took her. The Ship had only in Gold Coin above sixty thousand Venetian Chequins. Sailing to Goa with Prizes worth above two hundred thousand Ducats, he met short of Chaul, Iames de Silveyra, to whom he delivered the Vessels the Governor ordered. At this time arri∣ved four Ships that sailed from Portugal the beginning of this year, Antony de Saldana returned home with them.

21. Iames de Silveyra sailing to Patam, twelve Leagues from Diu, plundered and burnt that City with four Ships in the Har∣bour. The very same was done to Pate, and

Mangalor. This was no new thing in Iames Silveyra, for he had before the same success at Bandora Tana, and other Towns, and on the Coast of Diu at Castelete, Tolaja and Madrefabat, by which means he came to Goa with above four thousand Slaves, and an infinite Booty, having killed a great number, and spread an universal Terror.

22. All this encouraged Nuno de Cuna to streighten Diu, and the King of Cambaya, that he might be obliged to consent to the raising a Fort in that City. And because the Growth of Bacaim might be an Obstacle to our Designs, he resolved to destroy it. Thither he went with a Fleet of above one hundred and fifty Sail, three thousand Portugueses, and two hundred Canaras. Melique Tocam Lord of Diu was then forti∣fying the City, and hearing of the Power that was preparing against it, put in a Gar∣rison of above twelve thousand Men. Nu∣no divided his Men into three parts to give the Attack, the Landing was dangerous, and the Enemy so numerous, it seemed a rashness to go on, but our Men despising all danger, the Enemy fled first to the Fort, and then to the Mountain, six hundred of them being killed, of ours only eight or nine. Here were taken above four hun∣dred Pieces of Cannon, and much Ammu∣nition. The Country about was all rava∣ged, and the Fort razed. After this Victo∣ry the Governor sent Emanuel de Albu∣querque with twelve Vessels and three hun∣dred Men, to destroy the Fort of Damam;

but he not able to effect it, burnt all the Towns from Baçaim to Tarapor, and bring∣ing under Tribute Tana, Bandora, Mais and Bombaim, then retired to Chaul with much Riches, and many Vessels taken in those Rivers. Iames de Silveyra, who sailed from Baçaim with four Gallions and fifteen Brigantines bound for the Red Sea, took off Cape Guardafu a rich Vessel. Vas∣co Perez about Zocotora took a yet richer Turkish Ship, most of her Men being slain, and near Cape Fartaque another. Iames Silveyra afterwards burnt two at Aden, and did a very generous Action, which was thus: He discovered a very rich Ship of Gidda, which spying him, lay by, and her Captain coming aboard, shewed him a Letter from a Portuguese, who was Prisoner in that City, which the Moor thought to be a secure Pass, being given him as such, Silveyra opened and found in it these Words: I beseech such of the King of Portu∣gal's Captains as shall meet this Ship to make prize of her; for she belongs to a very wicked Moor. Silveyra perceiving how the Moor was imposed upon, took no notice of the Deceit, but discharged him, chusing rather to lose the Riches of that Ship, than bring into question the Sincerity of the Portu∣gueses. At the latter end of April he re∣turned to Goa.

23. At the same time arrived in India six Ships from Portugal, a seventh perished by the way. These Ships brought new Or∣ders, that the Commanders of Forts should

be sworn by the Governor-General, by which it appears, they were till then independent of them. Nuno de Cuna had always his thought fixed upon Diu, when Melique To∣cam, Lord of that City, desired him to send a fit person with whom he might treat a∣bout an Affair of Importance to the King of Portugal's Service. He then was appre∣hensive of his own King. It was therefore thought, he would for his own security de∣liver up the Town to us. This was the in∣tent; but Vasco de Cuna, a Gentleman of parts, being sent, and having done all that could be expected in it, returned without concluding any thing, but not without hopes.

24. At the same time Tristan de Ga at Cambaya pressed that King to consent to the raising a Fort at Diu. The Result was, that the King would have a Conference with Nuno de Cuna, and his Design was ra∣ther to kill him, than grant the Fort. Nu∣no went thither with an hundred Sail, in which were two thousand Portugueses. The King was already at Diu when the Go∣vernor arrived, and delayed the Interview, desiring, he would send him some of his principal Captains, for that he desired to see them. They went richly cloathed, and were splendidly received. Discoursing, E∣manuel de Macedo took the liberty, tho in a respectful manner to tell the King, That he justly admired he would take the Com∣mand of that City from Melique Tocam his Subject, who had served him well, and

was Son of one who had done so before, to give it to Mustapha, now called Rumi Cham, whose first merit was his Disloyalty to the Turk, his natural Prince; that if he denied this, he challenged to fight either single, or as he should think fit. Rume Cham was present, and gave no answer, till the King looking angrily upon him for his silence, he said it proceeded from Contempt. Ma∣cedo repeated the Challenge, and the Turk no longer able to shun it, accepted the Challenge to be fought at Sea. Macedo, according to appointment waited for him, but he came not. The Interview took not effect for the differences about the manner of it. Nuno taking another Course, joined in League with Omaum Patxath, King of the Moguls. Then Nuno returned to Goa, and before and after dispatched several Cap∣tains, Antony de Silveyra went to Bengala with nine Vessels, Vasco Peres de Sampaya to the Red Sea with sixteen, thither also Iames de Silveyra with five Gallions, D. Stephen de Gama to Malaca, the two that were for the Red Sea made some Prizes.

25. Cunale Marcar, a bold Pyrat, about this time scoured the Sea of Calicut with eight Vessels well equipped. At Cape Co∣mori he found at night a Brigantine with eighteen Portugueses, and three Gunners, all so fast asleep, that they were all bound be∣fore they waked. Having awaked them, he caused their Heads to be bruised to pie∣ces, saying, It was to punish them for daring to sleep, knowing he was abroad. A pleasant

Cruelty. Thence he went to Negapatan, where were forty Portugueses who defended themselves, but to no effect, for the Degar, or Governor, who they thought their Friend, agreed with Cunale to rob them. Coje Marcar, tho of kin to Cunale, desirous to deliver them from this danger, did it by art, speaking to each of the two apart, and so making them suspicious to each other. Yet Cunale took some Portugues Vessels in that River, and shot to death eight of the Men. The first died for sleeping, these, I suppose, because they were awake. Antony de Silva set out of Cochin with two hundred Musqueteers, in fifteen small Vessels. Cu∣nale hearing of it, run up the Canamera, a Bay on this Coast, and fortified himself, but Antony obliged him to make his escape in the Habit of a Beggar to Calicut, leaving his Vessels and Cannon, with which Silva returned victorious to Cochin.

26. The King of Razet was revolted from him of Ormuz. Antony de Silveyra who commanded the Fort at the request of the latter, sent Francis Govea with two hundred Men and eight Sail, to reduce him. Razet received them with Fraud, designing to kill them. But it succeeded not, for Go∣vea was upon his Guard, knowing his ill Designs, and that he had with his own Cymiter killed the Officer he sent to treat with him. Our Captain sailing over to a small Island to water, met a Fleet of this Kings, and took a Vessel wherein was the King's Nephew, for whose Ransom Razet

restored the Prisoners he had, and submit∣ted to him of Ormuz, ratified the Peace made by him he had killed, and excused what was past.

27. King Iohn his Care was upon the Affairs of India. He had understood the * 1.7 event of Nuno de Cuna's attempt upon Diu, and that the common Enemy prepared to disturb our Progress, so he continually sent relief. This year arrived there twelve Ships with fifteen hundred fighting Men, commanded by D. Pedro de Castillobranco, who set out from Lisbon the last November. The latter end of this year came also five Ships more, which set out the beginning of this same year, they were commanded by Martin Alfonso de Sousa, who had a Com∣mission to be Admiral of the Indian Sea. The Governor immediately put him in pos∣session of the Post, sending him against Damam. At Chaul, Iames Silveyra delivered him his Squadron, and Vasco Perez his. Now Martin Alfonso had five hundred Men in forty Vessels. He found Damam destroy∣ed by its own Commander, who was retired to the Fort with five hundred Turks and Resbutos. Martin Alfonso attempted to scale it, and received some damage, one of his Ladders breaking, when the Enemy on the other side opening a Gate to fly, our Men stopped them, and entring, found a large Court full of Men, and fifty Horse, most of them were put to the Sword, and the Fort razed. The King of Cambaya fearing greater loss, desired Peace, which Nuno de

Cuna granted, and 'twas sworn upon the following Conditions. That he should give to the King of Portugal for ever Ba∣caim, with its Dependences by Sea and Land. That all Ships bound for the Red Sea from that Kingdom should set out from Bacaim, and return thither to pay the Duties. That none should go to other places with∣out leave from the Portugueses. That no Ships of War should be built in any of his Ports. That he should no more give as∣sistance to the Rumes. There were other Articles in favour of the King to sweeten the harshness of these, which were after∣wards moderated when he gave leave to raise the Fort at Diu. Now we have some footing in this Province, something may be said of its situation, people and other affairs with our usual Brevity.

CHAP. V.

Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna, and Reign of King John the Third.

1. THE Kingdom of Guazarata (com∣monly called Cambaya, from its Me∣tropolis of that Name) extends from Cape Iaquete in the West to the River Nagotana

near Chaul. It makes a great Bay of the some Name. The Sea ebbs and flows with such violence in this Bay, that in swiftness it exceeds the fleetest Horse; and if in this fury it meets any Ship, it certainly perishes. To avoid this danger there is always a Man on an eminence, who when he sees that Torrent coming, gives notice with a Horn. The distance between Cape Ia∣quete and the River Nagotana is above two hundred Leagues. On the West it borders upon the Resbuti, a mountain people; on the North with the Kingdom of Chitor, and the East with that of Pale, all the Coast is covered with many Towns and Cities. It is watered by two famous Ri∣vers, Taptii and Tapetii, besides many Creeks that form several Islands. It breeds abun∣dance of Cattle, and is plentiful of other Provisions. The Country is all plain, so that they generally travel in Waggons after the manner of Flanders, but lighter, and easier drawn by Oxen somewhat less than those of Spain. The Natives are of four sorts; one called Baneanes Bagançariis, that feed after our manner; another called only Baneanes, who eat nothing that hath life. Their Priests are called Vertias, who cloath themselves in white, and never take those Cloaths off till they fall to pieces. They live upon Charity, and (like the Children of Israel in the Desart) can keep nothing for the next day. They place their great∣est hope of Salvation in killing no Crea∣ture, they use no light at night lest any

Butterfly should die by it; they always car∣ry a Broom wherewith they sweep the Ground they are to tread on, lest they tread any Worm or Insect to death. The other two sorts are the Resbuti, who are good Soldiers, formerly the chief of this Kingdom. They acknowledge one God and three persons, and worship the Blessed Virgin, a Doctrine preserved from the time of the Apostles. The last are Mahometans, called Lauteas, that is, Natives who embra∣ced that Sect, and those who came to con∣quer the Countrey. The common people are very ingenious in Mechanicks, in Works of Silk, Gold, Ivory, Mother of Pearl, Tortoise-shell, Crystal, Ebony and other things of Delight. They follow the Rules of Pithagoras, killing no Creature, but ra∣ther buy all, tho venemous, from those who take them, and set them loose again. They entertain men whose only Business it is to look about the Towns and Fields for Beasts that are sick, which they cure with great care in Hospitals erected for that purpose. Notwithstanding all this Beastly Charity, they have none that may be called human, for they will not reach their Hand to as∣sist any person in the greatest necessity.

2. In the year 1292, and according to the Mahometan Account 700, the Pagan Galacama was in quiet possession of this Kingdom, and disturbed it to deprive his Brother of the Kingdom of Champanel, left him by his Father. Galacarna employed two Brothers as Generals upon his Fron∣tiers,

Madana, one of them had the most beautiful Woman of that Country to Wife. She was of the Race of Padaminii, who are affirmed, besides their comely Shape, to have so sweet a Scent in their Skin, that they communicate it to their Cloaths, which makes them esteemed above all o others. With much reason, for it is a won∣der to find a Woman that has a good smell. Yet not impossible. They say there are scarce any of these Women in this King∣dom, but many in Orixa. There is no mis∣chief without a Woman, even where they have an ill favour; how much more where one smelt well! The King in love with this Wife of Madana, tried all means to gain her; but she being chaste (which was doubtless the sweet Smell) acquainted her Husband and Brother, who joining with Xiath Nosaradim, King of Delhi, on whom the Covetousness of that Kingdom prevail∣ed, they wasted the Kingdom of Cambaya, till Galacarna was at last slain in Battel. Nosaradim lest Habedxiath his General to conquer the Remainder. He rewarded the two Brothers who brought him to this Con∣quest, and retured home, having made the Kings of Mandou and Chitor tributary. No∣saradim soon after being killed by his Ne∣phew, Civil Wars ensued, and several Go∣vernors revolting, called themselves Kings, as did Habedxiath, to whom Moors succeed∣ed. Thus,

3. The year 1330, Hamet the Mahome∣metan Tartar, who lived in the City Cambaya,

with the assistance of Arabs, Persians, Greeks and Rumes, or Turks, usurped great part of this Kingdom, then possessed by Desingue Rao. What he had tyrannically gained, he prudently maintained. Ale Cham succeeded him, and had forty Sons, and three of them were Kings. The first Peruxiath, who succeeded him, the second Azeide Cham, who by his Wife got the Kingdom of Mandou, and the third Ale Cham, who with his Wife had the Kingdom of Agimar, bordering on that of Chitor. Peruxiath followed his Father's Example in securing his Government, and built the City Diu in memory of a Victory gained over a Chinese Fleet. Sultan Mahomet his Son succeeded him, and reigned at the time that D. Vasco de Gama discovered India, he left the Crown to his Son Madafor, as worthy of it for his Actions, as Birth. Not to his Son Scander Cham, who gave occasion to his Subjects to kill him, and set up his youngest Brother Mahomet Cham. But the second Brother Latisa Cham, to whom of right the Crown belonged, made War, but without success, and it remained in the third, his Name was Badur Cham.

4. Modafar divided the Possession of Me∣lique Az, the Lord of Diu, among his three Sons. This Distribution enraged the King's own Sons, who coveted those •…•…ands. But chiefly Badur, who poisoned his Father by whom he was as much hated as loved by his Mother. After this Murder he fled to the King of Chitor, and killing one there in the

King's presence in a Ball made to entertain him with the assistance of Crementii the Queen he fled to Delhi.

5. There he made himself a Calandar, or Religious Man, to shun the punishment of his Crimes. These Calandars go loaded with Iron Chains, and feed very hard: with this outward rigor they practise pri∣vately all sorts of Wickedness and Un∣cleanness. They enter into no Towns, but blow a Horn without, that people may bring them Alms. Sometimes they go to∣gether to the number of two thousand: Ba∣dur was one of these. Hearing of the Di∣stractions of the Kingdom of Cambaya, he repaired thither with his Chains in search of the Crown. In that manner he entred Cambaya, and was proclaimed King by fa∣vour of the people, who were pleased with those Tokens of Religion. His Brother Desta•…•… Cham thought to escape by submitting, but he caused his Head to be cut off as a Trai∣tor. Then he gave the Cities of Reyner and Surat to two rich Merchants, and after∣wards overcame in battel his Brother Latisa Cham. He caused Madremaluco to be fley'd alive, because he had settled his younger Brother in the Kingdom, in hopes to have the Administration of it, then with his own Hand beheaded the Brother, and two o∣thers that reproved that Act.

6. Badur desiring to take off Melique Saca, Commander of Diu, sent for him upon pretence of Business, but he excused himself upon other pretences, and so stop∣ped

the Execution; and being pressed, en∣deavoured to escape with his Riches, but being disappointed, went off poor, and not without danger. His Friends at Diu brought thither from Madrefahat his Brothor Me∣lique Tocam. Badur, the other being fled, had like to have killed this, but for some Reasons was obliged to pardon him and o∣thers, but he destroyed many. He set out for Champanel the year 1527, where were brought to him sorty French Men, and one Stephen Dias Brigas, a Portuguese, who for some Crimes done in his Country, fled into France, and came to India, Captain of a Ship of that Nation; at Diu they were all taken, and sent to Badur, by whom they were all miserably put to death.

7. At Champanel came to Badur Embassa∣dors from Babor Paxiath, King of Delhi, demanding homage for that Kingdom, as part of the Dominion of their Prince. Ba∣dur at first would have killed them, but re∣plyed, he would himself carry the An∣swer; and instantly composed an Army of one hundred thousand Men, four hundred Elephants, and a great Train of Artillery. His Design was disappointed, being forced to turn himself to Doitabad, a great Town, taken by Nizamaluco, and tho he recovered it, it was with great loss, some by the Wea∣ther, as being Winter, and some by a Shower of Stones as big as Oranges. At Champanel he found certain Men of the Kingdom of the Colii, who said they came to receive Tribute, which he paid by fleying them

alive. The year 1529 he marched with se∣venty thousand Horse, and two hundred thousand Foot, and did great harm in the Territories of Nizamaluco.

8. Mean while Babor Paxiath, King of the Mogols and Delhi, marched upon ac∣count of the Answer given to his Embassa∣dors the year before. The King of Chitor denyed him passage, and in a Battel there was such a slaughter, the Mogol was forced to go back to raise new Forces to prosecute his first Design. But the King of Chitor pursuing and doing him great damage in his own Country, he desisted.

Badur fell upon the King of Mandou, whom he treacherously slew. Then im∣prisoned the Sons, giving the Mother and Daughters to his Favourites. Next he killed some Officers of that Kingdom who had helped to bring him in.

10. Salabedin, one pardoned by Badur, fearful of his favour, getting away, secured himself in a strong Castle, whence Badur drew him by policy, and forced him to turn Mahometan. Then he prepared to take the Fort and mountain Raosinga, where Salahedin left his Son when he was deceived by Badur's promises; and by the way designed to expel the King of Chitor, Son to him, who kindly entertained him when he fled for the Mur∣der of his Father. This young King brave∣ly resisted Badur, disappointed his Design, and made him return to the other against Raosinga, a place almost impregnable by art and nature. Here eight Portugueses who

followed him, shewed their usual Valour, Francis Tarares being the first who scaled a Bulwark.

11. Botiparao, the Son of Salahedin, fear∣ing his resistance might occasion his Fa∣ther's death, left that City, and went to recover another, the Besieged surrendered. Badur perceiving Salahedin's Women came not out, asked the cause of him, and sent in to know it, they answered, They would not come out unless with him. He was sent to that effect by the King. His Wives and Slaves (above five hundred in number) as soon as they saw him, exclaimed against his turning Mahemetan, and shewing him a heap of Wood, said, They would sooner burn themselves with 〈◊〉〈◊〉, than be delivered to their Enemy. So Salahedin, with one hundred and twenty that were their Guard, killed them all upon the Pile, where they were burnt with their Riches. Badur hearing of this, hasted to save the Treasure, but was stopped by Salahedin and his Men, till all was consumed to Ashes, and they all slain. Yet Badur saved almost a million and half of the Remainder of this Destruction.

12. Salahedin, and those who died with him, were honorably buried. The moun∣tain he gave to Sultan Alamo, who came to him, forced from that place whither Botipa∣rao went from hence. Hearing there was a Portugues Fleet at Diu, he flew thither with precipitation. But that being no mat∣ter of danger, he returned to the Conquest of Chitor, with one hundred thousand Horse,

innumerable Foot, and six hundred Can∣noh. He incamped in the higher Grounds about that City, tho it was like Raasinga, it was battered the space of two months, and capitulated, and now Badur was possessed of three Kingdoms, each of which was considerable.

13. This was the time when Tristan de Ga was at the Court of Badur, by Nuno de Cuna's Order, to treat of Peace, which was delayed by sundry Accidents, chiefly the death of the King of the Mogols, whom he much feared.

14. Badur, through Covetousness, cut off the Pay of many that had served, which oc∣casioned above four thousand of Note to de∣sert to the Mogol. Mujate Cham, a prudent and notable Man, represented this to him, and he, to reward his Advice, sent him on some other pretence to Diu, with orders to Me∣lique Tocam to kill him. But Melique abo∣minating the wickedness of Badur, advised the innocent Mujate Cham to fly. Mujate, instead of flying to save himself, returned to Badur, before whom being prostrate, and delivering his own Cymiter, he said, If I have deserved death of you, here is the Traitor and the Sword. If you please to kill me, I can have no greater honor than to die by your Hand, tho my Grandfather, Father and self have deserved better. The King was sur∣prized, received him with honor, and be∣stowed new Favours on him.

15. But his Rage was turned against Melique Tocam for discovering the private

Order, so he sent Rume Cham to kill him. He got into Diu, where Melique was not at that time, but received advice of it at a Coun∣try-House where he was diverting himself, and fled. Badur came to the City, and with his usual craft brought it under. At the same time arrived there Nuno de Cuna, in order to that Interview, which took no effect.

16. It took no effect, because Badur ne∣ver made any Proposals but to shift off a danger, which he greatly feared from the Mogol, and hoping to agree with him, he was willing to break with the Portugueses. But he was deceived, for that Prince re∣called his Embassadors, and commenced the War. Let us see who this Mogol is.

CHAP. VI.

Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna from the Year 1534, in the Reign of King John the Third.

1. THE Mogols call themselves Chacatais, in the same manner as the Spaniards call themselves Goths. Chacata is the Name of the Province they inhabit near Turque∣stan, and the Nobles suffer not themselves to be called Mogols. The Persians write

they are descended from Mogog, Grandson to Noah, from whom they received the Worship of one only God. This Nation wandring through many Provinces, got the best footing in Mogalia, or Mogostan, called by Ptolomey, Paropanisus; now they stretch farther, and border upon the King∣dom Horacam, which that Author calls A∣ria, or Here, now the Metropolis thereof. The Mogols go from the North to drink the Waters of the River Geum, that runs through Bactria, so called from its Metro∣polis Bactria, or Bohara (a famous place for Learning, being the Remains of great Zoroastes, where Avicen got the Learning that made him so famous) neighbouring upon Sogdiana, now called Quiximir, and mount Caucasus, which divides India from other Northern Provinces. This King∣dom now reaches to the mountainous Par∣veti and Bagous, which they call Angou. As there are in it great Mountains, so there are most large and fruitful Plains, watered by five Rivers, which compose the famous Indus. They are Bet, Satinague, Chanao, Rave and Rea. The Cities are many, the Men couragious.

2. The Mogols are Mohometans, their Lan∣guage Turkish and Persian, they are well shaped, white, and have small Eyes like the Tartars and Chineses. The Nobility wear rich and gay Cloaths, fashioned like the Persians, their Beards long. The Women are beautiful. Their military Dress is no less costly, their Arms being gilt and polish∣ed;

they are singular at the Bow. In fight violent, and of good conduct: they use Artillery. Their King is treated with great Majesty, is seldom seen, his Guard two thousand Horse every quarter.

3. The Mogols and Patanes both equally strove to conquer India. They were Neighbours. The Event of War and Treachery brought the Patanes and Delhi under the Subjection of the Mogol, at the time when Babor Paxiath, great Grandson to Tamerlane the Great, reigned among them.

4. Omaum, Son of Babor, now broke with Badur, King of Cambaya, who to be∣gin the War sent twenty thousand Horse, and a multitude of Foot upon his Enemies Frontiers. Here it may appear, that In∣gratitude never escapes unpunished. The Queen Crementii, who had saved Badur's Life, and in return was by him deprived of her Liberty and Kingdom of Chitor, now revenged her self on him, after this man∣ner. He by his Embassadors required her to send him her Son with what Men she could to serve against the Mogol. The Queen desired he would restore her other Son, whom he kept as an Hostage, that she might not be deprived of both, and that the mean while she would raise the Forces. Badur not diving into her De∣sign, sent him, and she immediately put her self into the protection of the Mogol Badur enraged at this Action, gathered one hundred thousand Horse, four hundred and

fifteen thousand Foot, a thousand Cannon, many of great Bulk, six hundred armed Elephants, and six thousand Carriages. This multitude marched in great order, and was abundantly supplyed with all things.

5. He besieged the City Chitor, and bat∣tered it furiously; but tho the besieged re∣ceived great damage, they did him much more. Badur now raging, received the News that the Mogols had slain twenty thou∣sand of the Men he sent to ravage their Country. He vented his passion upon the City, and at last more by policy than strength became Master of it, having lost fifteen thousand Men, among them four Portugueses. The Queen with the choice of her Riches fled. Badur used no Cruelty towards the City, but repaired it against future dangers, leaving Mina•…•… Hozem to command in it with twelve thousand Men. Then he marched towards his Ene∣my, who advanced victorious through the Kingdom of Mandou, in order to relieve Chitor, and being now informed it was in possession of Badur, and that he was in∣trenched about Doçor, Omaum marched thither, and encamped.

6. Badur found the greatest danger where he sought security; for being incamped be∣tween a River and a Lake, and Omaum before him, the resort of Provisions was quite cut off, so that in few days they suf∣fered extreme Famine, and such as went out to seek Relief, fell into the Hands of

the Enemy, as did Coraçam Cham with two thousand Horse.

7. This so disheartened Badur, that he stole away, and his Camp was plundered by the Mogols, who found there vast Riches. Badur with all speed fled towards Mandou, accompanied by Rume Cham, and some Portugueses, being left by many persons of Note, and particularly Melique Liaz, for the murder of his two Brothers. In fine, very little of that mighty Army escaped the Sword or Famine, and what did was di∣spersed and disarmed. Badur got into Man∣dou, having slipped ten thousand Mogols, who thought to prevent his reaching that place.

8. Badur fortified this City, and gave the chief Command to Rume Cham his Favou∣rite. Omaum hearing of it, lengthened his Marches to come upon him. Rume Cham, now fearful of his Master, deserts to Omaum, Rume's Wife, Daughter and Riches were at Champanel. Badur and Rume strove who should first secure Champanel, the former ha∣ving there one (tho the least) of his three Treasures, which only in Copper-Mony was worth thirty Millions, besides Pearls, Precious Stones, and other things of value, with this Treasure he sent Rume's Family and Riches under a strong Guard to Diu, whilst he himself hearing the approach of Omaum, wasted the Country, and destroyed the Artillery, lest it should fall into the Enemies Hands. The same he did at Cam∣baya•…•… Rume Cham seeing his Wife and

Riches were carried away, obtained of his new Master five thousand Horse to follow them. As he entered one Gate of Cam∣baya, Badur was going out at another, who seeing himself so close pursued by Rume, left his Women and Riches by the way, that they might put a stop to his pur∣suit. So it fell out, for Rume Cham return∣ed to Champanel, and Badur got to Diu, whilst Omaum was at Champanel dividing his Kingdom, and conquering that im∣pregnable place with Liberality.

9. Champanel was impregnable by Art and Nature, and the Mogols not used to spend time even in easie Sieges, but Tyrants have nothing secure, so these Rocks which might have been a secure Retreat to him, turned against Badur. This mountain is thirty Leagues from the Sea, and yet visible thi∣ther, the ascent of it being almost five Leagues. Where Nature left any passage, Art supplyed it with strong Walls. The City stands on the side of it, has sightly Buildings, twenty thousand Families, and a great Trade. The City it self is not walled, but there are many places upon the Mountain well fortified, strongly garrisoned and stored with Cannon. Somewhat higher is the Royal Palace, wonderful for Structure and Greatness, and on the top a Fort can terrifie the most daring. Here Badur found no security, for Tyrants can meet none in the World, and think them∣selves between Sheets, when they are be∣tween the strongest Walls, and when be∣tween

the finest Sheets they imagine they lie upon Thorns.

10. These Misfortunes were the Motives that induced Badur to consent to our raising the Fort at Diu. Before, to secure our Friendship against the Mogol, he had sur∣rendered Baçaim to Nuno de Cuna, and now in hopes of our assistance to recover what was lost, he offered Diu. Badur sent to dispose Martin Alphonso de Sousa, who was at Chaul, and he urged the necessity of rai∣sing the Fort, giving advice hereof to Nuno, and desiring leave to go treat about this important Affair. Cuna refused him leave; jealous that any but himself should compass a matter so much desired by his Prince, and sent his own Secretary Embassador to Badur.

11. Still Badur struggled with his Pride, and thought to get assistance from the Turk to recover his Kingdom. To this ef∣fect he sent Saf Cham Embassador with a rich Present, but hearing the Mogol had ta∣ken Champanel, utterly despaired. He re∣solved to fly to Meca, and there wait the Turks Answer, but his Mother and Friends dissuaded him, advising to grant leave to the Portugueses to raise the Fort at Diu, and by their assistance his Fortune might be bet∣tered. Instantly he sent to offer it to Mar∣tin Alphonso at Chaul, whither also came a Message from the Mogol with the same Offer.

12. Martin Alfonso having sent advice to the Governor, asked not a second time for

leave, but set out immediately for Diu, as Badur desired. At Sea he met the Secretary Simon Ferryra, and both arrived at Diu on the twenty first of September. They soon came to an agreement upon these Articles, That Badur confirmed all that had been done relating to Baçaim; that something which concerned Trade should be transferred thence to Diu, that there should be a League offensive and defensive between the King of Portugal and him, that the Fort should be raised, where and in what manner the Governor should appoint, that a Bul∣wark upon the Sea should immediately be delivered to him, that they should not med∣dle with the King's Revenues at Diu, &c. Immediately a Iew and an Armenian were sent to Portugal with this News to the King; and to the Governor at Goa, Iames de Mesquita, one of the Portugueses who ser∣ved Badur at the Siege of Chitor, that King desiring that Nuno de Cuna would instantly come to Diu.

13. Whilst these things were in agitation, seven Ships arrived from Portugal with Men and great Riches. They came to Goa be∣fore the first advice reached the Governor, and before the second could come he was under sail, with a resolution to accept the Offer of Badur. The King received him with much honor and demonstration of Joy. After the first Visits, he desired him to send some Men to recover the Fort of Vivarcne, taken by the Mogols upon the River Indus, and some Relief to the City

Baroche. Vasco Perez de Sampayo was sent to the first with two hundred and fifty Portu∣gueses in twelve Barques. To the latter Enterprize went Emanuel de Macedo, who returned to Diu, without doing any thing, the Inhabitants having quitted the place which was too big for his small number to maintain.

14. About this time there was one Iames Botello in these parts, who was in disgrace with King Iohn, because it was said he de∣signed to go for France, being skillf•…•… in the Affairs of India. The Favour of Princes is generally recovered either by something very inconsiderable, or else by some Action that seems impossible. Botello resolved upon the latter. He knew how earnestly the King desired the raising the Fort at Diu; scarce was it granted, when he getting the Draught of it, and a Copy of the Capitu∣lation, committed himself to the vast Oce∣an that is between Spain and India, in a Barque that was but sixteen Foot and half in length, nine Foot broad, and four Foot and a half deep. He set ou•…•… privately with his own Slaves, three Portugueses, and two others, saying he went to Cambaya. Being out at Sea, he discovered his Design, they were all astonished, but overcome by fair Words and Promises. Till finding they were reduced to unspeakable Miseries, the Slaves agreed to kill him, and killed a Ser∣vant, which occasioned all the Slaves, who were Sailers, to be slain. Without Seamen or Pilot he held his Course, and to the ad∣miration

of all Men arrived at Lisbon, where the Barque was immediately burnt, that no Body might see it was possible to perform that Voyage in so small a Vessel. The King was greatly pleased with the News, and Iames Botello restored to the Royal Favour, without any other Reward for this prodigious Action.

15. Nuno de Cuna began the Work with diligence, and a great number of Hands, being himself the first that la∣boured at the Foundation, which was done, with Sound of Trumpets, Fifes, Drums, Noise of Cannon and Shouts. The Work was soon finished, and the Command of the Fort given to Emanuel de Sousa, with nine hundred Portugueses, and sixty Pieces of great Cannon. Badur already reaped the Benefit of this Concession; for Niza∣maluco, at the instance of Nuno de Cuna, not only made peace with, but assisted him against his Enemy. Vasco Perez had reco∣vered Varivene, and King Omaum hearing Nuno de Cuna was at Diu, despaired of ta∣king that 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and employed his Arms a∣gainst other places.

16. Badur pleased with this success, de∣sired to view in person how much of his Kingdom was yet left him. This he com∣municated to Nuno de Cuna, desiring a number of Portugueses might go with him, and particularly Martin Alfonso de Sousa. Nuno approved his Resolution, and gave him five hundred Men, whereof fifty were of Note. Now Cuna fearing Omaum would

fall upon Baçaim, sent to its Relief Garcia de Sa, with four hundred Portugueses. He seeing a mighty Army threaten that City resolved to quit it, to the terror of all the Inhabitants, and with miserable Cries of Women and Children. Antony Galvam considering the loss of the Portugues Repu∣tation, persuaded him with strong Reasons to alter his Resolution. Sa began to forti∣fie the place, and the Mogol knowing th•…•…r Resolution, drew off. This Retreat of the Mogols encouraged Mirao Muhmold, Ne∣phew to Badur, who was upon the Fron∣tier of Nizamaluco to recover many places taken by the Mogols, which brought fresh Hopes to Badur of regaining his Crown.

17. Badur being thus prosperous with the assistance of the Portugueses only, and re∣penting he had given leave to raise the Fort, would build a Wall between it and the City, covering the Design he had thereby of gaining the Fort, with the pretence of parting the Portugueses and Gurarates, whose too free Communication caused Divisions. There was some bickering between the King and Nuno about it, till the King de∣sisted. Nuno de Cuna went to Baçaim, and began the Fort there, giving the honor of laying the first stone to Antony Galvam, in reward of his resolution in defence of it. Garcia de Sa was left to carry on the Work, and Nuno returned to Goa.

18. Let us return to Malaca and Maluco, whence the course of the Occurrences in In∣dia drew us. During the Government of Lope

Vaz de Sampayo, the King of Achem had cau∣sed to be killed Simon de Sousa, and others, bound for Maluco, and taken others prisoners. He feigned to be sorry for that Action, and sent three of the Prisoners to Peter de Fa∣ria, then commanding the first time at Malaca, offering Peace, and desiring him to send persons fit to treat of it, and he would deliver to them Sousa his Galley, and the other Prisoners. This was much for the ease of Malaca, and therefore Peter de Faria sent presently a Vessel with some Portugue∣ses, who were all killed by that Tyrants Order before they came to him. Six months after Garcia de Sa then commanding, the King writ a Letter to him, saying, He wondered no Body was sent to treat of Peace; believing by reason of the Secresie used in murdering the others, it was not known; and at the same time caused the Prisoners he had (whom, to compass his wicked ends, he treat∣ed kindly) to write to the Commander about it. Sa presently sent a Gallion well provided with Men and Cannon, com∣manded by Emanuel Pacheco, who suffered himself to be circumvented by the King's Barques, and he with most of the Men were slain, the Gallion was carried for the King to see, who then caused the rest of the men, and the prisoners he made much of to be killed. Then he joined with the King of Aru, and all this to the intent to gain Malaca, having intelligence with Sinaya Raja, a considerable Moor, who

lived in that City. The Correspondence being discovered by some drunken Achemes, produced the publick safety and death of Sinaya, who was thrown headlong from a Tower by Garcia de Sa his order.

15. The year 1530 Gonçalo Pereyra set out from Malaca for Maluco, and in pur∣suance to the Governor's Order, by the way visited the King of Borneo, offering him liberty to trade at Malaca. Borneo is an Island fruitful of Provisions, rich in costly Merchandize, and produces the finest Diamonds. The King is powerful, his Re∣ligion the Mahometan, so his People. The City of that Name is large, has beautyful Buildings and strong Walls. The Island has four principal Ports, to which resort Merchants from sundry parts. The Offer pleased the King. Gonçalo Pereyra arriving at Ternate, D. George de Meneses delivered him the Fort, and King Cachil Daialo, who was there prisoner. The Queen his Mo∣ther, who had fled from her City as was before related, hearing of the new Com∣mander, sent to put him in mind, how kind∣ly the King her Husband had received the Portugueses, how ungrateful the Return had been from them, who caused his Son and Heir to die in a prison, and now kept the other, and obliged her their Mother to fly to the Mountains, having lost the City where she was born, and whereof she was Queen. That she demanded Reparation of D. George his Cruelty, and Liberty for her Son. After some Scruples Gonçalo Pereyra

solemnly swore he would set him at liberty as soon as opportunity served, whereupon she returned to the City, and they agreed; as did the King of Tidore, being eased of a Tribute, imposed by D. George, which he was not able to pay. There was also an Accommodation with the Spanish Captain Ferdinand de la Torre. Thus things were settled as was suitable to the Portugues Re∣putation.

20. Gonçalo Pereyra, in pursuance of the Governor's Orders made D. George a pri∣soner. He was carried to Goa, thence to Portugal, whence he was banished to Brasil, and killed by the Heathens there in a Battel. After this Gonçalo Pereyra examined the Pro∣ceedings of the Portugues Officers of the Revenue, and found them guilty of great Frauds. They offended at this Discovery, conspired with the Queen to kill him, which they executed, tho he defended himself with Resolution, yet most of the Murderers were killed by the other Portugueses, who main∣tained the Fort which was in great danger of being lost, and Luis de Andrade kept the Command as Lieutenant.

21. Bras Pereyra, who commanded by Sea, would have succeeded his Kinsman. But the Conspirators elected Vincent Fonseca one of their Companions. He having pro∣mised the Queen her Sons Liberty, if she would assist him in obtaining that Post, now loaded him with Irons, and secured his Brothers and Family. She withdrawing into the Country, stopped all provisions

from coming to the Fort, and so obliged him to set her Son free, and all was appeased for the present.

22. This Quiet lasted not long; for the King being near of Age to govern, Pate Sarangue, who governed for him, finding his power expiring, conspired with Fonseca, to set up Tabarija, the King's Bastard Bro∣ther, who was younger. To this effect they began to lay several scandalous Impu∣tations upon the King, and Fonseca attempt∣ed to secure him, which he having notice of fled to the Mountain. Fonseca follows, pre∣tending he had a Design upon the Fort. The King might have defended himself, but forbore in respect to the Portugueses whom he loved. He fled with his Mother to Ti∣dore. His Enemies set up Tabarija, and following to Tidore, oblige both Kings to seek security in the Mountains. Fonseca was the more inraged against the King for that at his return a Moor had killed his Son, and endeavoured to slay Tabarija, who escaped; and because many obeyed not the Usurper, calling him Fonseca's King, whereas they might more properly term Fonseca, Tabarija's King. He sent Pate Sarangue with Forces, and subdued all. He by treachery catched the Queen Mo∣ther, and gave her as Wife to Sarangue, and the deposed King's Wife to the Usur∣per. The distressed King leaving his Mo∣ther and Friends had recourse to the King of Gilolo's Courtesie.

23. Now Fonseca sends Blas Pereyra and others prisoners to India. The Governor informed of the Insolences committed at Ternate, sent Tristant de Altaide to com∣mand there, who secured Fonseca, and sent him to Goa. With him went the Spaniards from Gilolo, in order to be sent to Spain in the Portugues Ships. But the King of Gilolo refusing to surrender the Spaniards, Tristan was obliged to go with a power, in which the Kings of Ternate, Tidore and Bacham joined, the City was abandoned and burnt, and the Spaniards set at liberty.

24. Tristan de Ataide, at the instigation of Samarao, put Tabarija in prison, and set up his younger Brother Cachil Aeiro. The King's Mother and Sarangue were also se∣cured, and the City became desolate, the Natives of it finding no Comfort in their Neighbours, who upbraided them for ad∣mitting so wicked a People as the Portu∣gueses, who since they had footing in this Island were guilty of the most exorbitant Villanies that could be imagined. In fine, Ataide sent those Prisoners to Goa, for the Crimes he was guilty of himself, and so Nuno de Cuna judged it, taking care to send them back to their Country.

25. Now Tristan de Ataide employed his Thoughts on the Profit he designed to make by the Sale of Cloves, and ordered it so, that the King of Bacham would not con∣sent. Tristan in a rage sent his Men armed, the King protested he was a faithful Friend to the King of Portugal; but they sought

Spice for themselves, not Friendship for their King. So they were convinced by the Sword, many killed, and the rest were shamefully put to flight. Tristan in a greater fury joining with the Kings of Ter∣nate and Tidore, forced him of Bacham to abandon his City, which was destroyed, and to sue for peace, which was sold him for a Tribute to be paid in Cloves. Yet at the same time this King conspires with those of Gilolo, Tidore and the deposed of Ternate, and with Samarao to kill Ataide, and take the Fort. They began their De∣sign by persuading him to send Ships several ways, where he lost many Men, and Ca∣chil Daialo, the deposed King of Ternate, laying hold of the opportunity, recovered part of his Kingdom, with the assistance of those of Gilolo, Tidore, Bacham, Maquiem and Moutel, with whose aid the Ternates slew all the Portugueses about the Island. Ataide prepared to take revenge, when Simon Sodre arrived from Malaca with a Ship and many Men, that brought new life to the desperate Ataide, and put him in a posture to recover some places.

26. The Moors endeavoured to burn some of our Vessels, bringing to execute this design almost three hundred Sail, they received some damage, but would not desist, nor hearken to Ataide, who sued for Peace, being in the Fort, and reduced to eat all sorts of Vermin. D. Ferdinand de Monroy, a Spa∣nish Gentleman, who came from Banda with Provisions, delivered him out of this danger.

This Success was answered by a Misfortune, for all the Inhabitants fled from Ternate, and the Moors killed some of his Men, and took a Ship, but now a new Captain comes to the Fort, which stood in need of it. Tristan de Ataide was as deformed of Body as his Actions were scandalous. Let us re∣turn to the Affairs of India.

CHAP. VII.

Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna, the same Year 1536, in the Reign of King John the Third.

1. WE have already related how the Empire of Decan by the death of Mahomet Xiath, was divided into seven parts, by as many Governors who set them∣selves up as Kings, and warring among themselves were reduced to five. The first and chief of these was Hidalcam, whose Territories lie from North to South along the Sea Coast from the River Domel, eight Leagues off Dabul, to Cintacola, eleven be∣low Goa, and has sixty Leagues in length, and fifty in breadth where largest. On the North it borders upon Nizamaluco, on the South upon Canara, and part of Nar∣singa, and on the East upon Madremaluco,

Melique Verido, and Cotamaluco, which make the five into which that Crown was divided. Cotamaluco and Verido were at war because the former reflected upon the latter, as dis∣loyal to the dead King, as if either of them were innocent. Cota came off with loss.

2. Hidalcam upon such like occasion took Arms against Cotamaluco, who was then at Golconda, a City almost impregnable, being seated upon an inaccessible mountain, well fortified and garrisoned. Hidalcan set down before it with one hundred thousand Horse, and four hundred thousand Foot. Cota, not without reason, was apprehen∣sive of this danger, but reposed great confi∣dence in twelve Portugueses he had with him. The Enemy the first Attacks lost twenty thousand Men, and afterwards an hundred thousand, as well by Famine as Sword, for Catamaluco cut off all his Provi∣sions, and such parties as went out for them, and of what he took he sent ten thousand to Hidalcan without Ears or Noses, bidding him put upon them those of his Men he had served so the last War. The Sorrow for, these Misfortunes caused his Death, whence sprang Wars between his Sons. These were Mulacam, who was received as Heir, and Abraham, who could not brook his being owned as such, and being en∣couraged by Cotamaluco and others, disturb∣ed the common Peace, and was at last himself taken prisoner.

3. Cotamaluco set upon Mulacham as he was carrying his Father to bury him, but

was forced to fly to the Woods. Mean while Abraman escaped out of prison, and by the assistance of Nizamaluco possessed himself of the Kingdom, and took his Brother Mulac•…•…am whom his Army infamously de∣livered up at Bisapo•…•….

Açadacam set out with a good Army to rescue Malucam. But Melique Cuf, in whose custody he was, cruelly put out his Eyes, and delivered him and his Trea∣sure to Abraham. He desiring to appease Açadacam, made him great Offers, which were all rejected; Açadacam encamped within five Leagues of him, and sent a Messenger to him, whose Name was Caçem; this Man Abraham prevailed with to un∣dertake to murder his Master, which Açada∣cam discovering, caused him to be stabbed before he approached him.

5. Açadacam endeavoured to alienate the Hearts of the great ones from Abraham, but was not altogether so successful as he wished. In fine, Cogerte Cham, who at his instigation acted in the same manner, was obliged to fly for relief to Nizamaluco, in whom he sound his Ruin, being robbed by him, and brought to such misery, he resolved to retire to Mecha, but passing through Dabul, he accepted the Offer of Protection made him by Simon Guedez▪ then commanding there, till Nuno de Cuna re∣ceived him at Diu, and obtained of King Badur to entertain him according to his Quality, where after he became one of the chief Generals of Cambaya.

6. The new Hidalcan (I mean Abraham, for those Princes, when they come to the Crown, all take this Title) was perplexed with the Proceedings of Açadacam, and endeavoured to reconcile him. Açada∣cam's Forces at this time ravaged all the Continent about Goa, and Hidalcan made fresh Instances to bring him to his Court, but to no effect. Mean while the desola∣tion of that Country was such, that the Natives freely offered it up to Nuno de Cuna, he, after conferring about it with Açada∣cam, accepted the Offer to deliver that Country from utter Ruin.

7. Açadacam was a Mahometan as well in his Dealing, as Belief. The more to perplex Hidalcam, he goes into the Ser∣vice of the King of Bisuagar, who received him with great honor. Nuno de Cuna was not exempted from his Frauds; therefore to carry on his Designs, he persuaded him to send Christopher de Figueredo, promising to prevail with the King of Bisnagar to resign to the King of Portugal the Continent a∣bout Goa, to which he had an ancient Title. Hidalcan being informed of these Proceedings encamped near him of Bisnagar with four hundred thousand Men, and 700 Elephants, the other had a 1000 Elephants more, and some thousands of Men. He sent to let him know, that according to former Agreements, he ought to deliver up to him his Slave Açadacam. The King of Bisnagar referred it to Açadacam himself to give the Answer, and he gave it such as deceived,

and at the same time was approved of.

8. But the King was soon undeceived; for Açadacam, who had done all this only to better his Fortunes, now went over to Hidalcam, when least he expected it. Co∣tamaluco, who had joined Hidalcan, to op∣pose Açadacam, seeing him received with great honor, goes over to the King of Bis∣nagar, who was marching to besiege the City Rachol, which he had before taken, and had again submitted to Hidalcam. At last these Princes came to a Composition, parting the Territory of that City, which fell to the Lot of Hidalcam. Açadacam, by order of his Master, marched after Co∣tamaluco to the City Naiteguir taken by him, and recovered it, and obliging him to put himself into Hidalcam's Power, with a Grand daughter he had offered him to Wife. The Wedding reconciled all this Discord.

9. King Badur pretended by an ancient Custom of Indostan to have the power of giving the Title of King. He sent the Royal Ensigns to Hidalcam, desiring he should acknowledge him as his Predecessors had done: but Hidalcam accepted his Friend∣ship, and rejected the Title. Badur's inten∣tion was to secure Hidalcam against the Portugueses, to whom he owed the Reco∣vering of his Crown▪ Açadacam, being suspicious of Hidalcam, endeavoured to be far from him, and to this end prevailed with Cotamaluco to return home and declare war. Hidalcam discovered the Author of

this Discord, and would have killed him, but the Design being disclosed, Azadacam threw himself at his Feet with two hundred thousand Pardaos of Gold, begging pardon, tho he said he had done nothing to ask par∣don for. Thus he bought his Life, and Hidalcam sold his safety. Such is the power of Gifts, even over those who can give greater.

10. Hidalcam now bent his thoughts upon recovering the Lands about Goa. Açadacam, who had been the cause that Nuno de Cuna took them, now was the promoter of his Master's demanding them. Nuno referred the Answer to Diu, whither he was going, being sent for by King Badur, at his arrival almost despoiled of his Crown. They ex∣pected no answer, but suddenly Solyman Aga invaded those Lands with almost six thousand Men. They began to hinder the carrying Provisions to Goa. D. Iohn Perey∣ra, who then commanded, sent to adver∣tise Solymam of the Injustice of his Under∣taking, but he gave no ear to it, and killed some Portugueses not without receiving con∣siderable damage. He besieged Christopher de Figueredo in the Fort of Mandor, to whose relief came Iordan de Freytas, with some Men, sent by D. Iohn, so the Turk raised the Siege, and fled as far as Margam.

11. Don Iohn marched at the heels of Freitas, and being at Ma•…•…dor, the Aga sent him word, he came not to make war, but to receive the Rents of those Lands: the Answer was, That he should march off

within an hour and half. Don Iohn fol∣lowed the Messenger to force the Turk, in case he obeyed not, but finding he did, re∣tired.

12. Solyman halted at Ponda, from whence he made fresh Instances to D. Iohn to resign those Lands to Hidalcan. He an∣swered, he acknowledged him not as his Minister, and prepared for War. He built the Fort of Rachol, where some Blood was spilt, Solyman endeavouring to obstruct it, who lost three thousand Men about Bailim and Singuizar, slain by the Gentils, assisted by two hundred Portugueses. Iordan de Freytas, with fifty Men, routed the Turk Sarnabose, sent by Solyman with five hun∣dred. Emanuel Vasconcelos razed a Bulwark the Enemy was making in the Pass of Borii, and burnt some Houses. Solyman advan∣ces as far as Margam. Pereyra went to meet him with five hundred Portugueses, and seven hundred Canaras The Fight began, the Canaras and some Portugueses gave way, terrified with strange Fire-works made by a Witch, who in Man's Cloaths sought to revenge the Death of her Husband. Perey∣ra seeing this Disorder, advanced, crying out, Let who will follow me, for I hope with the help of God to overcome the Enemy. All following his Example, Solyman quitted the Field, having lost eight hundred Men, on our side not one was killed. The Booty was considerable.

13. Mean while Açadacam attempted to recover these same Lands, but met no great

success, for Hidalcam endeavoured thus to divert him, while he gained his City of Bilgam, where his Riches lay. At length they agreed, and Açadacam designed again to attempt the Dependences of Goa. He proceeded not with Vigor, being conscious, Nuno had by his advice possessed himself of them, and because he had lately received a Message from him after his Return from Diu. Yet in conclusion he marched as far as Ponda with twenty thousand Men.

14. From that place he sent a Letter of Hidalcam to Cuna, demanding those Lands. The Answer was, He held them by consent of Açadacam, that if he desired war the Portugueses were not backward, and that he could not restore them, or raze the Fort of Rachol without his King's Consent. Aça∣dacam fearing his Master would take his City, acted not much on this side. So there happened no considerable Action.

15. Now the Answer of Hidalcam was brought, containing, That since Açadacam was the Cause of his taking those Lands, he would stand by what should be agreed between them. Both cove•…•…ing the same thing for themselves, they came to no a∣greement. Cuna relieved Vasco Fernandez who was in some distress, and they put the Enemy to flight. Hearing the Enemy ap∣peared now in greater Numbers, he sent Don Iohn Pereyra with one hundred and thirty Horse, six hundred Portugues Foot, and one thousand Canaras, commanded by Crisna, an honest Pagan. They found the Enemy

at the Foot of a Mountain, and attacked them with such Vigor, they presently fled, their Commander and many more were slain, on our side only four.

16. Açadacam, after these Losses, desired a Conference with Nuno de Cuna, but it suc∣ceeded not, so the Inroads were continued chiefly about Rachol, where our Cannon killed some. Winter expiring, Nuno began to act more vigorously. He sent Antony de Silveyra to the Continent with two hundred Canara Horse, and seventeen hundred Por∣tugues Foot. Antony went three Leagues up the Country, making great havock, and killing three hundred Moors, and two con∣siderable Officers, with loss of eight Portu∣gueses. Mean while Gonzalo Vaz Coutinho destroyed the Coast of Dabul, and thence brought to Goa many Vessels taken, and three hundred Prisoners, and abundance of Provisions, which encreased the Joy of the other Victories, and relieved the City di∣stressed for want.

17. The Clamours of that ruined People, and a Letter from Nuno de Cuna coming to Hidalcan, he ordered Açadacam to desist. He obeyed not, but to justifie his refusal, sent him a Present of a stately Horse and Cymiter, set with Jewels. Hidalcan going to take off a piece of Silk, in which the Cymiter was wrapped, was hindered by his Mother, who caused a Page to unfold it, he instantly fell down dead, as did two Men who were ordered to mount the Horse, Such was the Poison the Present

carried. Then the Queen looking upon her Son, said, Behold your Father's Murderer. For it was believed he had been poisoned. The Governor perceiving that Açadacam did not desist, sent Gonzalo Vaz Coutino with thirty Vessels and three hundred Men, half Canaras, who burnt the Town of Ponda, and many Ships, and returned with three hundred Prisoners. Azadacam in a rage marched towards Rachol, and opposite to it began to erect a Fort called Bori, to ob∣struct our Sailing up the River of that Name; and notwithstanding our oppo∣sition, put it into such condition, it appear∣ed formidable. Nuno de Cuna sent a fresh Supply to hinder this Work, and they as∣saulting it with more courage than con∣duct, four hundred of them were slain, and forty taken, whereof one appearing naked before Açadacam, he took off part of his own Garment to cover him, saying, The Portugueses were not to be so used. This Loss caused the demolishing the Fort of Rachol, which the Governor ordered Peter de Faria to execute. Nuno de Cuna's pre∣sence was required at Diu, and he fearing to leave Goa in danger, concluded a Peace with Açadacam. This was rather a Truce than Peace, for neither desisted from his pretensions, unless Açadacam did by going away from Ponda.

18. Whilst these things were in agitation at Goa, the King of Calicut marched to Cranganor, upon pretence of visiting those parts, as their Emperor, but in reality to

destroy the Portugueses, induced thereto by King Badur. Thence he designed to pass to Vaipaim, which being suspicious, Peter Vaz commanding at Cochin, endeavoured to pre∣vent, striving withall to avoid affronting him, or being faulty in his Duty. Having made provision by Sea and Land, he desired the King to desist from that Design. The King gave no ear to him, but sent many Ships to clear the Passage: but they failed, above a thousand of their Men being slain, and much damage received by Vincent de Fonseca's Artillery, which guarded that Pass, many more flying with precipitation, were drowned. This happened near the Churches of S. Thomas and S. Iames, which they endeavoured to burn, but could not compass. The Passes were valiantly de∣fended all the Winter.

19. On the nineteenth of September, Martin Alfonso de Sousa set out of Goa with one hundred and fifty Men in fifteen Ves∣els, and passing by Calamute, two thousand Nayres would have kept him in, whereof he killed many, dispersed the rest, burnt their Town, and took seven Barques. He arrived at Cochin, where were five Ships newly come from Portugal. The King of Calicut understanding Martin Alfonso was coming to meet him with almost a thou∣sand Men drew off. Martin Alfonso now bent his Force against the King of Repelim, who had offended him of Cochin. Antony de Brito who had led the Van, met a vigo∣rous opposition at this Island, till Martin

coming up they fled, who maintained the Outworks. The King retired to his City, in which were six thousand fighting Men. Next day Sousa attacked it, after some re∣sistance the King and all the Defendants fled. As Sousa entered a Mosque, he had like to be killed by a Moor, but receiving the Stroke on his Buckler, he run the Moor through with a Javelin. This Victory cost us fourteen Men, the City was plundered and reduced to Ashes. The principal part of the Booty that fell to the King of Cochin, on whose account this Action was under∣taken, was a piece of Marble, by him high∣ly valued, because on it were carved the Names of the Kings of Malabar for three thousand years past, which was taken from him by the King of Repelim; some Brass Plates with Serpents engraved on them, e∣steemed a great Relick by the conquered King; and his Hat lost in the flight, which among them is the greatest Disgrace to the Conquered, and highest Glory to the Victor.

20. The King of Calicut returns with for∣ty thousand Men to attempt the Pass of Cambalam. Martin Alfonso posts Francis de Barros de Payra to keep the Pass of Cranga∣nor with three Vessels, which proved of great use; he himself goes to the other, and landing, sees five thousand of the King's Men attempt to pass the Ford. Our Men began to fear, but he encouraging them, boldly falls on, and killing three hundred of the Enemy, made them turn

their Backs. Zamori comes up with the Gross of his Army, attempts the Ford, and is repulsed with equal loss. Now the Prince of Cochin joins us with twenty thousand Nayres. Martin Alfonso leaves Antony de Bri∣to with them, and four hundred Portugueses, who in the space of twenty days fought six Battels with the King of Calicut, wherein he made such havock as obliged him to draw off with great Loss, and greater Shame.

21. The Reason why Martin Alfonso left that Post, was because, like a watchful Commander, he was at once in two places by his Vigilance, here in Body, and in Thought at Sea, where now appeared a powerful Fleet of Calicut. He therefore seeing the Valour of Brito, and the assi∣stance of those Nayres, left him to com∣mand there, and put to Sea with three hundred Portugueses in eleven Ships. At Chale he met Iames Reynoso with five Ves∣sels, Cutiale, Admiral of Calicut, had taken one from him, he took Reynoso with him. He went in search of Cutiale, and found him with twenty five Vessels, and in them fifteen hundred Men, some of our Vessels impatient of delay, advanced before the rest, and forced him to retire to Tiracole, whither Martin Alfonso pursuing, the Fight lasted till night with great slaughter of the Enemy, who fortified themselves, and in the morning appeared six thousand strong, having flocked from all the Neighbour∣hood. Just at this time came an Express

from the King of Cochin, desiring Martin Alfonso to return with all speed, because the King of Calicut knowing he was absent was coming down with a fresh Power This Advice diverted any farther Action He returned, and the King of Calicut who came on, because he was absent, retired as soon as he knew he was present. So great is the Force of Conceit.

22. Mean while Madune Pandar, King of Ceitavaca, besieged his Brother of Cota, with a Fleet by Sea. Nuno Freyre de Andrade, in defence of the latter went to Columbo to meet the other with only eight Portugueses, and six hundred Natives, where he killed many, and took four Paraos, with good Ar∣tillery. Madune demanded Aid of Zamori, he sent him two thousand Men. With this Assistance he besieged the City of Cota for the Term of three Months. Knowing then that Martin Alfonso was coming to his Bro∣ther's Relief, who had desired it as a Sub∣ject of Portugal, he raised the Siege. When Martin came, Madune was drawn off, and reconciled to his Brother. There being no∣thing left for Martin Alfonso to do here, ha∣ving visited the King, who was most thankful for the speedy Succour, he set out in search of the Malabar Fleet, which had assisted Madune, and met it at Mangalor, where after a sharp Encounter it was defeated, and twelve hundred Moors slain.

CHAP. VIII.

Still continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna, from the Year 1537, till the Year 1538, in the Reign of King John the Third.

1. THE King of Cambaya, Badur (who with only the assistance of the Portu∣gueses had recovered his Kingdom) now stu∣died their Ruin, and repenting he had granted leave to raise the Fort, endea∣voured to take it, and kill the Commander, and all the Garrison. Nuno de Cuna under∣stood his wicked Design, and began to pre∣pare to prevent it. That brave Gentleman Emanuel de Sousa then commanded at Diu, by him Badur designed to begin the Execu∣tion. On the eighth of October at night a Moor came to the Wall, and told Sousa, The King would send for him next day to kill him, that he would not tell his Name, le•…•…t it might be thought an invention to get a Reward. Emanuel was long in doubt whether to go or stay, at last he resolved to go, and using at other times to have a numerous Retinue well armed, went now with only one Servant, being sent for at the hour he had been before warned. The King seeing him unconcerned, converted his malice for that time into an honorable

Reception, and Emanuel returned to the Fort. The King's Mother endeavoured to dissuade him from this wicked intention, and he thought it was better by often vi∣siting the Captain in the Fort to take off all suspicion, and so murder him there, and seize upon it. He was of a violent nature, and so began his first Visit at an unseason∣able hour of the night, not regarding the very unseasonableness was enough to ren∣der it suspicious. Sousa received him upon his Guard, they discoursed of things indiffe∣rent; the King went away, believing he had ensnared Sousa, and he had given him a sufficient caution.

2. Nuno de Cuna being advertised by Ema∣nuel de Sousa of the posture of Affairs at Diu, thought strange, That he had not se∣cured the King when in his Power, and his wicked Intentions were known; and that he had given out that Ships were come from Portugal with great Supplies. This Inven∣tion endangered Nuno, for Badur resolved to murder him first, that he might not come to the Relief of the Fort when Sousa was killed. He writ to him, desiring he would come to Diu about important Affairs. Nuno, tho he knew his wicked Designs, made no difficulty of going. He set out of Goa on the ninth of Ianuary, and with what Ves∣sels he carried, and followed him, appeared there with near three hundred Sail.

3. He put in at Chaul, and found that Nizamaluco, induced thereto by Badur, had been there with eight thousand Men,

pretending it was to divert his Women at Sea, but in reality with an ill design on that place, which was disappointed by the care of Simon Guedez, who commanded there. At Ba•…•…aim he took up his Brother-in-law, Antony de Silveyra, a Man of great worth, and left in his place Ruy Vaz Pereyra.

4. King Badur was at that time in the mountains hunting. Nuno sent to visit him; but he who let slip no opportunity, now e∣specially, prevented him by sending to him first one Iohn de Santiago, not long before a Christian, but fallen again, and become a Favourite of Badur, by the name of Frangue Cham. Cuna was indisposed, and feigned himself worse, so lying off of Diu he sent to excuse himself to the King for not landing immediately. The King feign∣ing great Friendship presently enters into a Boat in which he had sent Nuno a Present of Venison. There went with him thirteen Men of Quality, and Emanuel de Sousa, who had carried the last Message from Nuno de Cuna to him. He received him aboard the Galeon in the best manner he could. Be∣ing seated, they discoursed of indifferent things, but the King was surprised to see a Page whisper Nuno de Cuna, and it was a Message from Emanuel de Sousa, who be∣lieving he was to be there secured, or killed, sent word that some Captains were waiting his Orders. The King was somewhat quieter, seeing Cuna did not mind the Page, and soon rose, and went away. Cuna had thought it strange that Sousa did not secure

the King when he had him in the Fort alone, and now having him aboard the Gallion he did not detain him. Nuno or∣dered all the Officers to accompany the King first, and then Emanuel de Sousa to the Fort, where he proposed to secure the King, when he came to visit him; as the King on the other side had resolved to seize him at a dinner he had a design to invite him to, and send him to the great Turk in a Cage.

5. Emanuel de Sousa was going to invite the King to the Fort, while Nuno de Cuna got thither. He came up with the King's Ca∣tur or Barge, and made the offer by the means of Rume Cham, who at the sametime advised the King not to go, because he su∣spected they would secure him. He slighted the Caution, and bid Sousa come into his Barge, who stepping over fell into the Sea, but being taken up, the Officers who came with him carried him to the King. At the same time came up another of our Barges and some Gentlemen, who seeing Emanuel de Sousa entred hastily into the Kings. He suspecting their hasty coming aboard, toge∣ther with the Caution given by Rume Cham, ordered his Officers to kill Emanuel de Sousa. Iames de Mesquita understanding it, flew at, and wounded the King, whilst they killed that valiant Captain. There was a bloody Fray in which four of our Gentlemen were killed, having slain seven of the Enemy. Other of our Barges coming up received some damage from a Page who shot several

with the King's Bow, till killed with a Musquet Ball. Three of the King's Ships came up to rescue him. He seeing the dan∣ger began to fly, but was stopped by a Can∣non shot which killed three of his Men that rowed. The King thought now to escape by swimming, but being in danger of drown∣ing, cried out, discovering who he was. Tristan de Payva de Santarem coming up, reached out to him an Oar to bring him a∣board his Vessel, when a Soldier struck him cross the Face with a Halberd, and so o∣thers, till he was killed. He was a little while above Water, and then sunk, and nei∣ther his nor Emanuel de Sousa his Body could be found, tho Nuno de Cuna caused them to be diligently looked after to give them the due Funeral Honors.

6. Most of the Citizens from the Walls beheld this Engagement, and no sooner was the News of the King's Death spread, but they began to abandon the City in such confusion, that many were trampled to death, running hastily to save life. The fear was that Nuno de Cuna would fall upon the City for the Plunder, but he soon quiet∣ed them with publick Proclamations. Such as had not fled, stayed; and those who had, returned. He was seen to enter the Town unarmed, comforting the Inhabitants, and restraining the Avarice of his Men, so that not the least Disorder was committed. Then he went to the Fort.

7. He gave the Command of the Fort to Antony de Silveyra Meneses, his Brother-in-law,

whom he brought from Ba•…•…aim, and the Sequel shewed it was his Worth, not Kindred, that procured him that Post. Pay•…•… Rodiguez de Araujo was appointed his Lieu∣tenant. The Queen Mother was retired to Navanaguer. Nuno de Cuna sent to com∣fort her, and demonstrate the death of her Son had been of his own seeking, but she would not hear the Messenger. What was found in the Palace in Gold and Silver did not exceed two hundred thou∣sand Pardaos. The quantity of Ammuni∣tion was to be admired. In the Port were one hundred and sixty Vessels, some of great bulk. No less wonderful was the number of Brass Cannon, for that of Iron was not reckoned. Among the first were found three Basilisks of such prodigious Greatness, that Nuno de Cuna sent one as a rarity to Portugal, which is to this day kept in the Castle of S. Iulian, at the mouth of the River of Lisbon, and called, The Gun of Diu.

8. Among the dead King's Papers, and those of Abdel Cader his Treasurer, were found Letters from Saf Cham, containing the progress he had made towards bringing the Turks upon the Portugueses, and Copies of others from the King to those of Aden and Xael to the same purpose. Nuno ha∣ving gathered these and other Testimonies against the King, called Coje Zofar, a Man in great repute among the Maho•…•…etans and Gentils, who gathered the principal Merchants and Cazi•…•…es, that is, Teachers of

the Law. Before all these the Governor produced the Letters and other Testimoni∣als, which convinced the wicked Designs of the King, and justified all his own Proceed∣ings in that Affair. All the Moors and Pa∣gans confessed themselves fully satisfied, as to the Justice of the Action, and according∣ly gave him Certificates thereof in the A∣rabian and Persian Languages, signed by Coje Zofar, and the principal Merchants and Caziçes, which were dispersed to the Princes of Decan, Narsinga, Ormuz, and the Coast of Arabia as far as Aden, that they might all be informed of the true Cau∣ses of this Accident, and that the Jealousies caused by the King's death might be al∣layed.

9. For the greater satisfaction of the pub∣lick, Nuno ordered the Mahometans should have the free Exercise of their Religion and Laws; and that the Constitutions made by Badur should be observed as if he were present. All Pensions or Salaries allowed by him were continued. Among many that resorted to reap the Benefit of this unex∣pected Liberality was a Moor of Bengala, who by authentick Informations was found to be three hundred and twenty years of Age. He was seen long after, as shall be said, when we speak of his death, or va∣nishing. He had at this time two Sons, one ninety, the other twelve years old. His Beard and Teeth had fallen and grown a∣gain four or five times. To appearance he seemed about sixty years of Age. Of per∣son

indifferent, rather little than tall, nei∣ther fat nor very lean. He said, that being one day in his first Century, looking to his Cattle on the Bank of a River, there ap∣peared to him a Man cloathed in Grey, girt with a Cord; with Wounds in his Hands and Feet, praying him to carry him over upon his Shoulders. And that having done it, he told him, That as a Reward for that Act of Charity, he should continue in the same disposition of Body, till he saw him again. The Portugueses, after this coming into India, and he into one of their Churches, and seeing the Image of S. Fran∣cis, cryed out with surprize: This is, this is the Man I carried over the River so many years ago. This was the cause why Badur maintained him, and why now Nuno de Cuna continued his Allowance.

10. Mir Mahomet Zaman descended from the Kings of Delhi, who had reigned in Cambaya, hearing the death of Badur, went to visit the Queen Mother at Novanaguer. She fearing he came to rob her, would not see him. Zaman had no such intention then, but came to offer her his Service, and to revenge the death of the Son. She think∣ing she was not secure there, resolved to re∣move, and he offended at her Contempt, lay in wait for her with two thousand Horse, and robbed her of all that was of Value, which amounted to above two millions of Gold, and gathering above five thousand Men, was by them proclaimed King of Guzarate, and with this Title entered No∣vanaguer.

Hence he sent to Nuno de Cuna, acquainting him with the posture of his Af∣fairs, his Title to the Crown, and desiring his Assistance, in requital for which he offered the Portugueses all the Coast from Mangalor to Beth, the Town of Damam as far as Ba∣çaim, the Royal Country-House of Novana∣guer, and other advantageous Conditions. Nuno admitted them, and caused him to be proclaimed King in the Mosque of Diu; at the same time advising him to raise Forces, and disperse the other Pretenders. Zaman fearing the Advice was deceitful, lay still, and found the ill Consequence, for the People set up Mahomet, Nephew to the de∣ceased, and prepared to fall upon Zamam at Novanoguer, but delayed the Execution because Cuna was so near. At this time ar∣rived five Ships from Portugal.

11. The Governor being gone as the Princes of Guazarate desired, the better to * 1.8 maintain Mahomets Title, two of them marched towards Zamam with sixty thou∣sand Men, they corrupted most of his Offi∣cers. He being sensible of it, ordered his Friends to carry about them as much Gold and Jewels as they could to serve them in their flight. Those who were corrupted did not fight; the others did wonders, par∣ticularly Zamam, who fled to Omaum, King of the Mogols, of whom he received the Kingdom of Bengala. The Conquerors called Antony de Silveyra, Commander of Diu, to an account for the King's death, and being satisfied of the Causes, proposed

a Peace, but refusing the Conditions grant∣ed by Zamam, broke off. Cuna hearing this News, made ready to return to Diu, dispatching the homeward bound trading Ships, and sending Martin Alfonso de Sousa with forty Ships to guard the Coasts of Malabar.

12. The greatest Enemies the Portugueses found in India were the Moors, inhabiting from Chaul to C. Comori, the space of 200 Leagues, who had flocked hither in great numbers for the great Riches of the Sea in Pearls, and vast Trade of all those Ports. Pate Marcar, a powerful Moor of Cochin, offended that the Portugueses had taken some of his Vessels, went over to Calicut the bet∣ter to annoy them with the assistance of that King. There he was furnished with above fifty Ships, two thousand Men, and four hundred Pieces of Cannon, to go to the assistance of Madune Pandar, against his Brother the King of Ceylon, our Ally. At Coulam he found a great Portuguese Ship la∣ding with Pepper, he beset her, and after a sharp Engagement was forced to retire, ha∣ving killed the Captain of her. Farther on he took a Ship, and killed all that were in it. Beyond C. Comori he destroyed a Town of the Christians. Martin Alfonso hearing of this, pursues, and running up a River with only nineteen Barques, offers him battel, but he refused, and got off. It look∣ed like a rashness to follow further, so Mar∣tin returned to Cochin, in order to set out again better provided.

13. He set out with twenty three Vessels, all to row, and four hundred Men. At Beadala he met Pate Marcar careening, in order to go over to Ceylon. Pate, seeing Al∣fonso, gathered seven thousand Men, and Alfonso with his four hundred resolved to fight him. He ordered Gaspar de Lemos with seven Barges to stay till he gave the signal with a Cannon, and then to come up with all the greatest noise he could to di∣vert the Enemy on that side, while he at∣tacked them on the other. A Piece being fired without order, Lemos thinking it was the Signal, came up, and was killed with others, before Martin Alfonso could relieve him. At last he came and revenged the death of those, killing above seven hundred of the Enemy, and putting the rest to flight, whereby he remained Master of the Sea and Field. Thirty Portugueses were lost. A∣mong the Portugues Slaves here set at liberty was a Woman, who was Mistress to one of them loaded with Chains, who could not be prevailed upon by Threats nor Promises to renounce her Faith, but with great Con∣stancy (much to be admired in such a Woman) encouraged the Slaves to con∣tinue firm in the Faith, in contempt of all Tortures. The chief party of the Booty consisted of twenty three Barques, four hundred Cannon, fifteen hundred Musquets, and many Prisoners. This happened on the fifteenth of February. Martin de Ayala was sent to the Governor in a Catur or Barge, with fifteen Men, who meeting

near Chale, a Galliot with two hundred Ma∣labars, fought them so long till both sides desisted through weariness. Ayala being recovered, found he had but four Men left alive, and with them prosecuted his Voyage.

14. Martin Alfonso sailed over victorious to Columbo, the King of which place was besieged by his Brother Madune Pandar, who at first thought our Fleet had been that of Pate, coming to his assistance. But hearing the Ruin of it, raised the Siege, and made Peace. Martin and his Officers honored and presented by the King, sailed to Cochin, from whence they again set out to scour the Coast. Off of Mount Delii they met six Paraos, and took five of them. A little farther they had the like Success with seventeen others. Next day they took six, and a Ship laden with Provisions. Six thousand Pardaos were offered Martin for the Ransom of one Moor, and he chose rather to hang him for an Example. Being ordered by the Governor to Diu, because a great Fleet of Turks was expected, he forced ashore by the way a great Gallion of theirs, and loaded his small Vessels with the Riches were in it. Thus Martin Alfonso struck a Terror into all the Enemies, and purchased us great security for some time.

15. D. Emanuel de Meneses was gone a∣bout this time Embassador to Xael, and was there imprisoned by that King with all the Portugueses who were in the Town. So•…•… base and insolent Spirits were the Cause of

this Action. The King had favourably re∣ceived some Portugueses in his Port, but they being a loose People, required his Kind∣ness with Injuries. One of these among others had robbed the King's own Cousin, and after other Tortures hung him and two other persons of Note by the private Parts, to make them discover their Treasure. Gonzalo Vaz committed another Robbery. Alvaro Madera being kindly entertained by an honest Moor, forced his Wife from him. One Godino had the Honor to treat the King at his House, and payed it with calling him Drunkard. Others took a Ship be∣longing to his Subjects, and impudently came to sell it in his Port. These and o∣ther Villanies had been acted, when D. E∣manuel de Meneses came with seventy Men to settle a Peace. He was ignorant of what had happened, and suspected it the less, being well treated by the King. He was lodged, and then beset, the Moors kill∣ing all the Portugueses about the Town. A just Punishment for such Extravagances. The King sent for D. Emanuel to Court, he went with seventy Men, but was admitted with only one, and received very civilly, but detained a Prisoner, as were all the seven∣ty, except Godino, whose Head was cut off in the presence of the King. For Insolen∣cences committed upon Royal Persons ad∣mit no delay of punishment. Of the se∣venty he sent thirty as a Present to the Turk to purchase his Favour, thinking he had by this Action lost the Portugueses. A∣mong

the thirty was Madera, who making his Escape from Constantinople, carried the News to Portugal of the Turkish Fleet that was fitting at Suez to invade India. This Advice caused the King to send continual Succors, and immediately he dispatched five Ships.

16. Nuno de Cuna hearing what had hap∣pened at Xael, ordered D. Ferdinand de Lim•…•… who was going to command at Ormuz, by the way to conclude a peace with that King. He did it, the Peace was sworn, and D. Manuel de Meneses with those who were still there restored. Nuno being satisfied the Turks were not coming, as the Moo•…•… gave out to terrifie him, began that vast Cistern, which is there of such bigness, that being twenty five Spans deep each Span contains a thou∣sand Pipes of Water. This he provided a∣gainst a long Siege, and added new Forti∣fications. Having given all the necessary Orders in this place, he sailed to Goa.

CHAP. IX.

Continues still the Government of Nuno de Cuna, the same Year 1538, in the Reign of King John the Third.

1. LET us now turn a while to the Bay of Bengala, into which falls the fa∣mous River Ganges, by two mouths. This River has its springs in the mountains of

great Tartary, from whence it runs to the Southward near 600 Leagues, and divides India into two pa•…•…ts Intra & extra Gangem. On the mouth that falls into the Sea to the Eastward is the City Chatigam, on that to the Westward Satigam. The Ganges runs through the middle of the Kingdom of Bengala, to which were subject on the East those of Caor, Comataii, Sirote, Codovoscam, Cou and Tipora, but these two last joining to∣gether, threw off the Subjection; on the West of the River Cospetir, (whose Plain is overflowed by Ganges, as Egypt by the Nile) conquered by the Patanas. The Heathens here say, that God granted these particular Prerogatives or Blessings to five Kingdoms. To that of Bengala infinite numbers or Foot, to Orixa Elephants, to Bisnagar People skilled in Sword and Buckler, to Delhi a∣bundance of Towns, and to Cou innume∣rable Horses. The Country of Bengala ly∣ing between twenty two and twenty six de∣grees of Northern Latitude, and being very well watered is most fruitful, and produces many sorts of Fruit some like that of Spain, Sugar and long Pepper, abundance of Cat∣tel and foul, infinite quantities of Cotten, which they work, the Curiosity of their Quilts is extraordinary. The Natives are Heathens, and Men of no Courage, but false and treacherous, that it may appear all the World over Cowardize and Treachery go together. The King is Heir to all Men. The principal City Gouro seated on the Banks of Ganges, three Leagues in length, con∣taining

one million and two hundred thon∣sand Families, and well fortified; along the streets, which are wide and streight, Rows of Trees to shade the People, which some∣times is in such numbers that some are trod to death.

2. About fifty years before the Portu∣gueses discovered India, came •…•…o Gouro an Arabian Mahometan, who growing rich and powerful, obtained the then King of Ben∣gala, a Victory over the King of Orixa. The King besides other Rewards made him Captain of his Guard, and he ingratefully killed the King, usurped the Kingdom, and left the Inheritance thereof to the Moors that succeeded. They observe no Rule of Inheritance from Father to Son, but even Slaves sometimes obtain it by kill∣ing their Master, and whoever holds it three days they look upon as established by Divine Providence. Thus it fell out, that in forty years space they had thirteen Kings succes∣sively. At the time when Martin Alfonso de Melo Iusarte was prisoner to Mahomet Xiath, that King who tyrannically held the Crown kept his Court at Gouro, in great apprehension of being deposed, but with such state that only his Women amounted to the number of ten thousand. Martin and the others who were Prisoners with him obtained him success against the Patanas with whom he was at War.

3. Martin and his Fellows obtained their Liberty by the means of Coje Sabadim, a rich Moor, who promised, i•…•… Nuno de Cuna

would carry him to Ormuz, he would con∣trive the King of Portugal should have a Fort in the Port of Chatigam. The Governor earnest upon this important Affair, grant∣ed all he demanded, and sent thither Mar∣tin Alfonso with two hundred Men in five Vessels. The better to gain the King's good Will, Martin Alfonso sent him a Present, but he being suspicious, would have killed the Messengers, had not some Moors, and a Gentil reputed a Saint, and to be two hun∣dred years of Age, dissuaded him.

4. Thirteen who carried the Present, and thirty of forty wherewith Alfonso was invi∣ted to a Dinner, were secured at the same time, the former at Gouro, and the latter at Chatigam, the other ten that were with him were killed in the Fray.

5. Nuno de Cuna hearing hereof by those who escaped in the Ships, sent Antony de Silva Meneses with three hundred and fifty in nine Vessels, to treat of ransoming the Prisoners, with the assistance of Coje S•…•…ba∣dim, the Author of that Expedition, and detained a Ship of his richly laden, for se∣curity of his fair Proceedings therein. Syl∣va from Chatigam sent the King the Go∣vernor's Letter, and a Present. The An∣swer being long a coming, Sylva thought the King had secured the Messenger, and so rashly fell upon, and burnt Chatigam and other places. As he was spreading Sail, the Messenger came with the King's An∣swer, who knowing what Antony had done, kept the Prisoners more hardly.

6. Necessity obliged him to turn his Seve∣rity into Kindness, for Xercham, a Man of Note with the Mogol, disobliged by his Prince, deserted to the King of Bengala with his Brother Hedele Cham. Both were put into great Posts. Xercham, now at the Head of a great Army, resolved to revenge upon this King the Death of a Child, by him murdered to secure himself the Crown. At the same time, Omaum the Mogol, in revenge of what Xercham had done at Delhi, met and defeated him. But being apparently reconciled, he recovered him∣self.

7. Xercham streightened the King, and he advised with Martin Alfonso how to with∣stand him, when Iames Rabelo came to Chatigam, sent by Nuno de Cuna with three Vessels to procure Martin's Liberty. The King being in distress ordered him to be favourably entertained, and to gain assi∣stance from Nuno de Cuna, sent him twenty two of the Prisoners. Nuno sent nine Vessels. Mean while Xercham marched to gain a Pass upon the Fort of Gorii, which is where the Ganges enters Bengala. By ad∣vice of Martin Alfonso, the King sent two of his Vessels, commanded by two Portu∣gueses, with eight others to stop his Pas∣sage. They stopped him there, and he ta∣king another away, set down before the City Gouro with forty thousand Horse, two hundred thousand Foot, and fifteen hundred Elephants. Down the River came three hundred Almadies, which sailed to the

place where the King had eight hundred Paraos to oppose them. Here eight Portu∣gueses, commanded by Duarte de Brito, did wonders in the King's sight, to take an Ele∣phant that was swimming, and much co∣veted by the King; he was taken with the loss of three of the eight. Xercham distres∣sed the City, and the King bought a Peace, and was content that he from his Army should do him reverence.

8. The King being at ease, gave liberty to Martin Alfonso and his Men to go for India, leaving only five as Hostages for the assistance he expected from the Go∣vernor. Soon after Xercham returns and enters Gouro by force, obliging the King al∣ready wounded to abandon the City, who died on his way to Omaum, the Mogol, while Xercham plundered the place. It was said Xercham drew off with above sixty millions of Gold value, when Omaum came on bringing the dead King with him. At this time Vasco Perez de Sampayo arrived with the Succour, but acted nothing. O∣maum finding the City abandoned, buried the King, and set up in his place his own Brother-in law, Mir Mahomet Zaman, late∣ly deprived of the Kingdom of Cambaya, and soon after of this; for Xercham having secured his Treasure, with diligence re∣turned to Gouro, and made him fly thence.

9. Omaum again set out to meet Xercham with one hundred thousand Horse, and one hundred and fifty thousand Foot, besides the Followers of the Army, which were above

two hundred thousand. They met on the Banks of Ganges, near the City Canose. Xercham by a stratagem got the day with such a slaughter, that Omaum with only twenty five Men never stopped till he came to Labor, where his Brother Camiran Mirza received him better than he deserved, Mirza being then under Cure of the Poison he had given him. Xercham treated Omaum's Wo∣men, taken in that Battel with great respect, and afterwards restored them, well con∣vinced of his Modesty and Liberality.

10. Omaum finding himself too weak for the Enterprize of Bengala, bent his Thoughts against Cambaya, and demanding Aid of his principal Subjects was by them disappointed. He went into Persia, in which King he had great Confidence, on account of the Friendship of their Fathers. Nor was he deceived, for the Persian King received him with Magnificence, gave him rich Presents, and lastly, an Army of twelve thousand Horse. And because Sultan Xiath, King of Quereman, to whom he gave the Command of them, excused him∣self, saying, It was not for his Reputation to engage where the person of his Prince was not. He gave him h•…•… Son and Heir, yet in his Nurses Arms, and •…•…ade him Go∣vernor of him. So far can a truly royal Bounty extend when it resolves to do good.

11. Besides these twelve thousand given by Xiath, ten thousand Voluntiers offered themselves to Omaum. Who joining his own Forces, invested the City Candar,

where his Broster Astarii Mirza had pro∣claimed himself King of Mogostam. The City taken, he gave to the young Prince, who possessed it not long, but died soon of the Fatigue of the Marches. King Sultan Xiath, his Governor, went to a City where many of the Persian Kings lie buried, to in∣ter the Infant, leaving all the Men with Omaum for the space of two years, under four General Officers. These soon left him, and returned to Persia, where they were disgraced by the King, and made incapable of any Post of Honor, declaring he could not have wished the young Prince a more glorious death than he had in his Nurses Arms, assisting such a Prince as Omaum. Xercham raised by Fortune to a formidable pitch, having at command four hundred thousand Horse, and being courted by all the adjacent Princes, aspiring now to greater Undertakings, took the City Cali∣jor of the Resbutos, with intent to rob the Treasure that was there in a Temple. Pointing a Cannon to kill an Elephant be∣longing to that Temple, he killed himself; for the Piece bursting, tore him and many more to pieces. So that Fire turned all his Glory into Smoke. Such is the end of Pride.

12. At Malaca there were no less Trou∣bles than in these parts. D. Paulo de Gama had the Command of this place, he, to found. Alaudim King of Viantana, Son to him of Bintam, destroyed by Mascarenhas, sent Sebastian Vieyra with five Pórtugueses to

settle a Friendly Correspondence. The King, at the instigation of him of Pacem, bound and poured boiling Water upon them till they died, and then gave them to be de∣voured by wild Beasts. D. Paulo was not then in a condition to take revenge. He sent Emanuel Godino to the Kings of Panda and Pate, who concluded a Peace with them, whereby Malaca was relieved with Provisions, which he of Vjantana cut off on the other side. The year 1534 D. Stephen de Gama came and took possession of that Command, and repaired the Works. Hear∣ing some Vessels of the Enemy were in the River Muar, he sent one to discover them, he returned pursued by ten sent by Lacxe∣mena, who came to the assistance of Vjan∣tana with seventy sent by his Uncle Tuam Gaba. Instantly D. Paulo set out with nine Sail. Two Paraos were sent after to their assistance but too late, for when they came up a bloody Battel was ended, in which al∣most all our Men were slain, having done wonders, and made such a slaughter of the Enemy, that they durst not take the Ships whose Crew they had killed. Only three Men of Note escaped.

13. D. Stephen now resolved to destroy the City of Vjantana, and set out with twen∣ty six Sail and two hundred and fifty Men. Vjantana is the South East Point of the Coast of Malaca, from which forty Leagues distant. On the West of it runs into the Sea the deep River Tor, on whose Banks was seated King Alaudim's City, and three

Leagues below it a Fort so well stored with Cannon, it could sink any Vessel should attempt the Entrance. Here D. Stephen en∣tred with much danger, both Banks being covered with armed Men, but a party of Musqueteers on each side cleared the Shores. The first Attacks of the Fort D. Stephen re∣ceived damage, but afterwards did much more for the space of eight days. The Be∣siegers began to dismay, but were encoura∣ged by D. Stephen and Peter Barriga. Now the Enemy having received fresh Succour, drew out into the Field, where such slaugh∣ter of them was made, that they fled that day in despair to the Fort, and the next a∣bandoned it, the King escaping with his Women and Treasure. The City Tor was plundered and burnt, much Cannon and some Vessels taken, such as could not be carried, perished in the Flames, and D. Ste∣phen returned victorious to Malaca, where he was received in triumph, this being one of the notable Victories till then gained in Asia.

14. The King began again Acts of Ho∣stility, and D. Stephen returns with four hundred Men. He found the Fort he had destroyed repaired, and in it five thousand Men Five hundred of them were killed the first Assault. Many Ships were burnt, and D. Stephen marched towards the City, when the King from the Mountain, whi∣ther he had retired, sent to treat of Peace. He was ordered to send Hostages, and sent an Uncle of his own, with his Wives, so

D. Stephen returned to Malaca, whither four Embassadors followed, who concluded the Peace upon these Conditions. That the King should send to Malaca all the Can∣non that was in his Country, that he should build no Ships of War, that he should erect no Forts, that he should restore all Pri∣soners and Goods taken, that he should not hinder bringing Provisions to Malaca, that his Subjects should resort thither to buy and sell. This Peace being sworn to, brought great Tranquility to Malaca. The year 1537 this Quiet was disturbed by a Commander of Achem, who attacked the Bridge with three thousand Men. D. Ste∣phen met him with some Gentlemen and two hundred Soldiers, and slew five hun∣dred without the loss of one, so the Ene∣my drew off with shame. Soon after he returns with five thousand, and retired with the like Disaster.

15. D. Stephen had sent Francis de Bar∣ros in a Ship with twenty Portugueses to the King of Patane. In that Port Tuam Ma∣homet, Admiral of Vjantana, fell upon him with forty Sail. The Fight was desperate, some Portugueses and many Enemies fell, and they parted. All advise Barros to save himself ashore, most leave him, and he stays aboard with only two, who at last pre∣vail, and firing the Ship, they get ashore in the Boat, and bring off the Cannon. The King received them kindly. Henry Mendez de Vasconcelos was sent to bring them back. Those of Iava fall upon them both

with twenty Calaluzes that carried two Rows of Oars, well furnished with Can∣non. Mendez and Barros were in two Ves∣sels, ten Calaluzes attack each, one had sixteen, the other but few more Portugueses. The Fight was very hot, some Portugueses fall, and Mendez was stun'd with a poisoned Arrow. Barros was in danger, having but three Men and himself wounded. Vascon∣celos recovering, comes to his aid, shatters some, takes others of the Calaluzes, puts the Remainder to flight, and obtains an entire Victory.

16. Mean while Tristan de Ataide, at Maluco, through avarice, caused great Troubles. He took King Tabarija and sent him prisoner to Nuno de Cuna, who endea∣voured to remedy these Disorders, by send∣ing a very orderly Commander. Such was Antony Galvam, whose Prudence healed all the Sores made by his Predecessors. Having taken possession of the Command, he act∣ed with Modesty and Justice, without fa∣vour or affection. The Fort was unprovi∣ded of Cannon and Ammunition, he fur∣nished all at his own charge, and because Timber was wanting for the Works, he was always the fitst that went to the Woods, and returned loaded.

17. All things being settled here, Galvam turns to Tidore, where eight Kings with a vast number of Men were allied against the Portugueses. He sent to sound them, and they made a Truce, but observed it not, and Galvam seeing he had but few Men,

that those decreased by Famine, and 'twas too tedious to expect relief from India, he resolved upon an Action that was account∣ed rash. He set out in four Ships with on•…•… hundred and seventy Portugueses, and fifty Moors. Tristan de Ataide was left in the Fort. Galvam was met by 2000 Moors, there passed some Blows. Soon after ap∣peared three hundred Sail, containing above thirty thousand Moors, who thought to have terrified Galvam, but in vain; for he held on his course, and they followed him. They anchored at Tidore, the Shores were covered with multitudes who rent the Air with Shouts. The Cannon of the Fort played, but the Shot went over the Ships. The Fort appeared impregnable, but by that it was resolved to begin. Galvam scales it with one hundred and twenty Portugueses, and as many Slaves as made up in all three hundred. The Kings came upon him with fifty thousand Men, but he draws into a close Wood. They thought he fled, and pursue with hideous Shouts. Soon were they turned into Lamentations. King Ca∣chil Daialo, who led the Enemies Van, came another way to fall upon Galvam, endeavouring to amuse him, till the Body of the Army came up, which he perceiv∣ing, gave the sign to fall on, and after a hot Dispute, the Enemy fled, the King being killed among the first. Some of those that fled disordered them that were march∣ing, others run to the Fort. Galvam pur∣sues the latter, and enters along with them.

They abandon the Fort, and he set fire to it. Whilst the Fort flamed, the Kings fled to the Mountains with their Treasure, and Antony marches to the City. The Inhabi∣tants abandon, and he burns it down to the Ground, levelling the Works so that scarce any memory of the City was left, but the signs of the Ashes. Many Moors were kill∣ed, and many taken. This unparallel'd Victory cost but one Slave.

18. Those Kings thought to do us some harm with Ambushes at embarquing, and afterwards at Sea, but came off with loss. He of Tidore afterwards came to a peace, the Conditions honourable on our side. Antony, the more to oblige that King, offer∣ed to rebuild the City, which was immedi∣ately put in hand, with these and other Courtesies he so much obliged him and his Subjects, that they confided in him as an ancient tried Friend.

19. Galvam found it was easier to over∣come the greatest Army of Barbarians, than the least Portugues Avarice. He pro∣posed to put in execution the King's In∣structions relating to the Trade of Clove, and the Portugueses opposed, because they put a stop to their Frauds and Robberies. Next he would have examined into the Crimes of Tristan de Ataide, and he con∣scious of his own Guilt begged Mercy. Tho undeserving, Galvam took pity on and reconciled him with many, that they might not be his Accusers. Ataide requited his kindness by provoking most of the Portu∣gueses

to mutiny about the Trade of Clove. Antony endeavouring to appease, found them them all in Arms. At length Tristan sailed for India, having hindered the loading Clove for the King's use, and carrying a∣way most of the Mutineers. So the Fort was exposed to eminent danger. If the Commanders were bad, the Moors could not live with them, if good, they could not live with the Portugueses.

20. The Kings of Gilolo and Bachan pre∣pared a fresh to fall upon Galvam. He be∣ing weak, offered peace; for the same Rea∣son they refused it. Galvam finding himself in no condition to withstand, challenges them both to fight Man to Man. They ac∣cept of the Challenge, but the King of Ti∣dore interposing, came to an agreement. The two Kings so religiously observed this Pacification, that they refused to admit in∣to their Ports two Spanish Ships forced thi∣ther by stress of Weather. They were cast away upon the Coast, and those few that escaped, taken by the Natives, and ran∣somed by Galvam, who treated them cour∣teously. Their Captain was Ferdinand de Grijalva, sent out the year 1537 by Ferdi∣nand Cortes. Now the Ternatenses were at variance, refusing to obey Cachil Aeiro as King, set up by Tristan de Ataide, and cla∣mouring for Tabarija, by him imprisoned and sent to India. They offered to make Galvam King till they had a lawful one. He refused and endeavoured to make them agree. This Action of his, and the persua∣sions

of the King of Tidore, prevailed with them to admit Aeiro. After this all things continued in a wonderful Calm.

21. Galvam heared a great Fleet was coming upon Ternate, he borrowed some small Ships of the King of Tidore, into which he put forty Portugueses, and gave the Command to the Priest Ferdinand Vinagre, who behaved himself so well he beat that Fleet, and killed their Admiral. Then he quieted the Country, sometimes handling the Sword, sometimes putting on the Sur∣plice, he baptized many. Galvam perceiv∣ing how great Fruit this Priest produced, assisted him to prosecute the Conversion; and he so treated the Converts, that the Na∣tives said, It must needs be a true God that such a man adored, and his Religion ought to be embraced by all men. At this time Gal∣vam was informed, a great Fleet was com∣ing from Iava, Banda, Macaçar and Am∣boina to load Clove at Maluco, by force of Arms. To meet them he sent Iames Lopez de Azevedo with forty Portugueses, and 400 Ternatenses and Tidores. The Battel was fought at Amboina, that Fleet defeated, Ves∣sels, Cannon, Arms and Men taken. He scoured the Coast, and baptized three whole Towns, Ativa, Matelo and Nocivel. Two Brothers, Gentlemen of the Island Maca∣çar, came to Ternate to take Galvam, for their Godfather in Baptism, and took the Names of Antony and Michael with his Sir∣name. They afterwards came to visit him with Ships richly laden, and several young

Gentlemen who were also baptized. They gave an account much might be wrought in their Islands, and those of Celebes both in Spirituals and Temporals. Galvam sent sent Francis de Castro with two Priests, who were drove by bad Weather to discover o∣ther Islands a hundred Leagues North of the Malucos. The first they came to was Sati∣gana, the King and People Pagans. Castro made Peace with him, which was confirm∣ed by drinking each the others Blood, to which effect they had a Vein opened. Then the King, Queen, a Son, three Brothers, and many Nobles were baptized. Next they discovered the Island Mindanao, where the same happened with the King, Queen, their two Daughters and many People. After them were baptized the Kings of Butuano, Pimilarano and Camisino, the two first took the Name of Iohn, the latter was called Francis. Francis de Castro brought to Ternate many Sons of the new Converts, for whom Galvam, at his own expence, e∣rected a Seminary, where they might be in∣structed, which was the first in our Con∣quest. The obstinate Mahometans were asto∣nished at so many Conversions, and endea∣voured to persuade the Kings to put a stop to their progress; but were quite amazed when they saw an Arab, whom they reverenced al∣most as much as Mahomet, from whom he was descended, leave him to follow Christ. The term of Galvam's Command expiring, those Kings begged of ours to continue him for life. But wordly Felicities especially in Government are never lasting.

22. Antony Galvam seeing all things settled, and that it was unjust the Kings of that Island should always be Prisoners, set at li∣berty Cachil Aeiro persuading him to choose a Queen. This confirmed the great opinion the Ternatenses had of him, and they made publick Songs in his Praise, which are the only History or Records they use. He com∣posed all Differences between the Portugueses and Islanders, and being now at leisure built the Fort and all the Houses after the manner of Spain. After his Example the King beautified Ternate, with Buildings, and granted Lands to the Portugueses, who began to make curious Orchards and Gardens and Country Houses, the Moors did the same. Now Antony Galvam seeing there wanted Water, brought it from three Leagues distance. Being told he consumed his own without making any advantage of the Trade of Clove: he said, He could not meddle with Cloves, because it bore five Nobs, which represents the Wounds of Christ, and are the Arms of Portugal. His Command at Ternate expiring, he re∣turned to Portugal full of Debts, thinking (but he thought ill, if he knew his own Country) that he should find some Reward of so much Valour, such Service, so great Parts and Merits. He found Contempt and Misery, which brought him to die in an Ho∣spital. This was the Reward those who de∣served best found in Portugal, where Heroick Actions were looked upon as Crimes, and Crimes as Heroick Actions. But his Fame will live for ever.

CHAP. X.

Which ends the Government of Nuno de Cuna this same Year 1538, in the Reign of King John the Third, and concludes the First Tome.

1. THE Present sent by the King of Cambaya to the great Turk to obtain Succour from him, was delivered together with the News of his Death. The great Value of this Present demonstrated to that Prince the vast Riches of India, and stirred up in him a desire of becoming Master of it. He thought he might expel the Portu∣gueses in the East, and one of them a Rene∣gado, then at Constantinople, promoted the Design by making it easie.

2. The Turk ordered a Fleet to be fitted, and gave the Command of it to the Eu∣nuch Solyman Bassa, Governor of Caire. Solyman was a Greek Janisary, born in the Morea, of stature short, his Face ugly, and Belly so big, he was more like a Beast than Man, his Age eighty years, he could not rise up without the help of four Men. His Purse purschased him this Command, offering the Turk to furnish the Shipping at his own Cost. The better to perform this, he put to death many rich Men to seize their Estates. Among others he hanged Mir Daud, King of The•…•…ayda, after taking

from him a great Sum of Mony. So it might well be said, this Fleet was rather built by the Dead than by the Living. It contained seventy Sail, most large Gallies, well stored with Cannon, Ammunition and Provisions, seven thousand Land-Men Ja∣nizaries, Turks and Mamalucs, the Seamen and Slaves of the best, many of the latter taken out of the Venetian Gallies then at Alexandria, which were seized upon, the Peace made by Bajazet in the year 1503, being now broke.

3. Solyman having set out committed Villanies natural to a Tyrant and Coward as he was. He caused four hundred Sol∣diers to be put to the Oars, and because they complained, put to death two hundred. He thought to have taken the King at Gid∣da, but he, who well knew him, escaped. At Zebet after receiving a rich Present he beheaded the King. In like manner after receiving a Present and Relief from the King of Aden, counterfeiting he had many sick Men aboard, they were set ashore pri∣vately armed, and seized the City while he murdered the King aboard. About the be∣ginning of September he came before Diu, having lost six Vessels by the way.

4. When King Badur was killed upon the Sea with some of his Re•…•…inue, one Coje Zo∣far swam to shore, and was well received by the Portugueses, who put all others to the Sword. He upon several occasions shewed himself so grateful, that Nuno de Cuna much favoured and recommended him earnestly

to Antony de Silveyra. At last without any provocation he fled from Diu to the new King of Cambaya, offering his Service, and persuading him to war upon the Portugueses, and drive them from that Coast, affirming it might be easily done with the assistance of the Turkish Fleet, which he knew would soon be there. The King with this Encou∣ragement forms a Body of five thousand Horse, and ten thousand Foot at Champanel. The first that appeared was Coje Zofar, with three thousand Horse and four thou∣sand Foot, maintained by himself, know∣ing it is suspicious to advise dangerous En∣terprizes, and not have part in them. An∣tony de Silveyra having notice hereof pro∣vided for a long and dangerous Siege.

5. Coje Zofar made the first Breach, fall∣ing upon the Town of the Rumes near Diu, where he did much harm. Francis Pacheco defended himself bravely in a Bulwark with fourteen Portugueses, till relieved by Antony de Silveyra and Zofar, was obliged to draw off, being wounded in the Arm. At the same time appears Alu Cham, the King's General with all the Army, and he and Zo∣far set down before the Passes. Antony de Silveyra orders the Officers, commanding them to quit those Posts, the better to main∣tain the City and Fort. In the Execution of these Orders they lost some Ships and Guns.

6 By reason of this Loss, and because there were many private Enemies, who only waited an opportunity of shewing

their malice, Silveyra could not maintain the City. Some he hanged, and retired to the Fort, always taking the Advice of his Captains. Alu Cham and Coje Zofar pre∣sently possessed themselves of the City and Island abandoned by us, and began to play their Shot vigorously. Lope de Sousa, who guarded the Wood and Water, whereof the Fort stood in need, had several Rencoun∣ters, and slew many of the Enemy, without losing one Man, but was himself much wounded. Antony de Silveyra, hearing of the approach of the Turkish Fleet, with speed sent advice thereof to Nuno de Cuna, the Answer was the Diligence wherewith he prepared to relieve him in person.

7. Michael Vaz, a resolute Man, sent by Silveyra to discover, saw the Enemies Fleet, and the better to view it, came up so near, that their Shot reached his Vessel. He got off, and carried the News to the Governor at Goa. The Fleet came to an Anchor in the Harbour, and was now formidable, not only to those few Portugueses, but even to the Moors, who had expected it. Next day Solyman landed six hundred Janizaries well accoutred, and armed with Bows and Mus∣quets to terrifie the Beholders. They en∣tered the City, and there acted all the Inso∣lencies used among Soldiers. Then drawing near the Fort, they killed six Por∣tugueses, but three hundred of our Musque∣teers advancing, killed fifty of them, and forced the rest to retire.

8. A storm obliged Solyman to remove to Madrefavat, a safer Harbour. There he continued twenty days, in which time Sil∣veyra bettered the Fortifications, planted his Artillery, and assigned every Man his Post. The same was done by the Turks, assisted by Coje Zofar. Some of their Can∣non played upon a Bulwark, to burn which they built a wooden Castle on a great Barque filled with combustible Mat∣but Francis de Gove•…•…, who had his Com∣mand by Sea, went out by night, and with great difficulty got to and burnt it. At this time came some relief sent by Nu∣no de Cuna, yet the greatest Comfort they brought was the hopes of his coming after in person.

9. Solyman returns from Madrefavat, and fires his Cannon upon the Bulwark where Francis de Gouvea commanded; from whence, and from S. Thomas his Tower, he was so well answered, that one of his Gallies sunk with most of the Men. The greatest harm the Portugueses received, was from their own Cannon, which burst and killed some: for the Enemy only killed two Brothers, whose Mother took them in her Arms, and carried off the Bodies with∣out shedding a tear. Zofar now furiously battered Francis Pachecho's Bulwark, which he rendered not tenable, seven hundred Janizaries assaulted it, and set up their Colours, but some of the scattered Portu∣gueses advancing, fell on, dislodged them, and killed one hundred and fifty. The

Dispute lasted all day, and the Enemy drew off with shame, for the weight of this Action lay upon two resolute Gentlemen. Next day Pacheco in despair surrendred. The Enemy enters the Bulwark, casts down the Christian Colours, and set up the Turkish. Iohn Perez, enraged hereat, throws down the Turkish, and again rears the Christian Ensigns, the Turks come on, and five Por∣tugueses more join Perez, who all were kill∣ed upon the spot, and their Bodies cast into the Sea, which laid them at the Gate of the Fort, where they were honourably bu∣ried. Pacheco and those with him had ar∣ticled for Life and Liberty. The latter was not performed by Solyman, the first he granted, cloathing their Bodies with Turkish Garments, as they had cloathed their Souls with Infamy, in accepting them. Then he sent one of them to Silveyra to summon him to surrender. He made a jest of the Pro∣posal.

10. Solyman enraged at this Contempt, prepared to batter the Fort. He planted his Artillery in several places under the di∣rection of Coje. Among the Cannon were nine Pieces of wonderful bigness, carrying Ball of above ninety pounds weight. Thus several other Sizes of Cannon, which in all were above one hundred and thirty, guard∣by two thousand Turks. Upon Monday the fourth of October, the Battery began, and continued violently twenty days, doing great harm to the Fort, from whence scarce any could be done, nor they could hardly

repair the most dangerous Breaches, tho all Art and Diligence was used.

11. The sixth day after they began to bat∣ter, the Turks perceiving Gaspar de Sousa's Bulwark much damaged, thought to carry it, but many of them were killed in the Attempt, with the loss of two of ours. E∣very day there was Action. Goncalo Falcam had his Head shot off. Iohn Fonseca being wounded in the Right Arm, held his Lance with the Left, as if he had received no hurt. The Gallego Iohn, a Youth of nine∣teen years of age, of a little Body, but great Heart, pursued a Moor till he run into the Sea, thither he followed, till losing ground he was like to drown. The Moor perceiving it, laid hold on him to kill him, but he recovering himself without losing Gun or Sword, slew him, and came out all bloody, walking leisurely towards the Fort, while Showers of Bullets flew about him. Many other singular Acts of Valour were performed this Siege.

12. But by this time many brave Gentle∣men had been killed in the Fort, Powder grew short, the Provisions shorter, the Re∣lief of the Viceroy D. Garcia de Noronha, now arrived in India, moved slow, the Neighbouring Forts sent no Aid, and all began to be in confusion. Which was in∣creased by a sickness that hindered most from swallowing the little Provision they had, swelling the Gums, and loosening the Teeth, so that they fell out; this was cau∣sed by the bad Water. In fine, the Portu∣gueses

fought and suffered, as if so much Misery could not overcome them. Let the Valour of the Women now take place here. Donna Isabel de Vega, a Woman of great Virtue, and some Beauty, was Wife to Manuel de Vasconcelos, he fearing the Fort might be lost, and she taken by the Turks, earnestly entreated her to go to her Father Francis Ferram at Goa, but she beg∣ged not to be parted from him; which, with much regret at last he granted. Then this Virago considering there were many Men employed in the Work who might fight, and their places be supplied by as many Women, calling together all of that Sex that were in the Fort, she exhorted them to undertake that Labour, to the end so many Men might be added to the num∣ber of their Defendants. They all follow∣ed, she led and gave the Example, and with her Anne Fenandez, with whom she had before communicated her Design. This Anne was Wife to a Physician, and so cou∣ragious, that by night she viewed all the Posts, and appeared at Assaults, encoura∣ging the Soldiers. Her Son being killed in her sight, she drew him away, returned where the Service was, and that ended, went to bury him.

13. Perceiving the Turks undermined his Bulwark, Gaspar de Sousa sallied with seventy Men to view their Work, which he did with great slaughter of the Enemy. At his Retreat missing two Men, he turn∣ed back upon the Enemy, fought bravely,

and being surrounded, was hamstringed, yet so defended himself on his Knees till op∣pressed by the multitude. The Mine was countermined; the continual Labour was insupportable, and impossible to repair so many Ruins.

14. At this Juncture arrived four Ves∣sels, sent by the Viceroy D. Garcia, which carried only twenty Men of Relief. Soly∣man was concerned at this Succour, tho small, and much more that the Fort stood so many Assaults, Coje Zofar having assured he would carry it at two. At the begin∣ning of the Siege there were six hundred Men in the Fort, many were killed, and some Cannon burst. But the Turk placed no confidence herein, and looked toward the Sea, fearful of the Portugues Fleet he heared was coming upon him.

15. This moved him to press the Siege with more vigour. The Bulwark of the Sea where Antony de Sousa commanded, was furiously attacked with fifty Barques, two whereof were sunk by our Cannon. Then they attempted to scale it, and were repulsed with great slaughter. The Assault was repeated, and still the Enemy came off with loss. Sousa sent the wounded Men to be dressed, among them Fernan Penteado, who waiting, heared the noise of a fresh Attack, and forgetting the Dressing, run thither, and received another Wound, the very same happened to him the third time, and then was dressed of all three. By this time there were left in the Fort but two hun∣dred

and fifity of the six hundred Men, fit to take Arms.

16. Solyman now in despair resolved to venture all. First he counterfeited he would raise the Siege, and twelve Gallies put to Sea, that Silveyra might be the easier sur∣prized, but he provided still to repulse the greatest danger. One night some Noise was heared at the Foot of the Wall by water, it appeared they were applying great numbers of scaling Ladders, they were op∣posed, till morning appearing shewed the place beset round, and assaulted by fourteen thousand Men. First the Cannon was played, and then they mounted on all sides, chieflly next the Commandant's House, where it was weakest: but he had placed such Men there as made a great slaughter. Failing there, they attempted a Bulwark, powring in showers of Arrows and Bullets. Great was the Confusion and Havock on both sides. Now come up fourteen Gallies powring in their great shot, but do no Exe∣cution. Francis Gouvea made them draw off, having battered two, and killed some Men with his Cannon. By this time two hundred Turks had entered the Bulwark, and planted their Colours. Scarce thirty Portugueses were there to oppose them, but they rushing on desperately regain the Work. The Enemy being very thick, none of our shot is lost, they sustain great da∣mage, and such as were in this Action draw off. Fresh Men succeed, and set up four Colours. The Portugueses wounded

and burnt run for ease, and dipped them∣selves in Jars of Salt Water, where they pe∣rished, seeking Refreshment with hellish Torture. Antony de Silveyra indefatigably repaired to all places, encouraging all. Here a Soldier wanting Ball pulled out one of his Teeth to load his Musquet. The Enemy had much the better this second Assault, which a few Gentlemen perceiving, furiously rushed upon them. Iohn Rodri∣gues, a Man of great Body, and as great Courage, run out with a Barrel of Powder, crying, Clear the way; for here I carry my own and many a Man's death. He threw the Barrel among the Enemies, and suddenly above a hundred were carried up into the Air, torn in peices, twenty lay burnt upon the ground. Iohn himself came off with∣out hurt, and doing other considerable Actions, deserved afterward some of the first Rewards and Honours gained this Siege. Other Fireworks burnt the four En∣signs who had set up the Colours. Two of our Cannon cleared the place of Enemies, and two Bullets threw down two Ensigns that succeeded the former. The Enemy withdraws, and fresh comes on the third time, and place their Colours. The Com∣mander of these, Son-in-law to Coje Zofar, being killed, his Men dismayed, and turn∣ed their Backs. These Assaults lasted above four hours, the same small number of Por∣tugueses withstanding still fresh and nume∣rous Enemies. Our Women in the Fort, and theirs on the Walls of the City, being

Spectators of the whole Action. The Por∣tugueses all smeared with Powder, looked more like Moors and were known by their Cloaths not Colour, and among themselves by the Voice, every one looking as if he came out of Hell, their black hue wrought with Fire, Blood and Sweat. In fine, the Enemy carried off above a thousand wound∣ed and left above five hundred Men killed. Of ours fourteen were killed, and two hun∣dred lay useless for want of Blood. Only forty remained able to bear Arms, and the Arms lay broken to pieces about the Ground, some serving such as could not stand on their Legs for Crutches. No hope was left if the Enemy renewed the Attack. The Walls were all shattered, and no Pow∣der left. Nothing but horror appeard. Only the brave Silveyra's Countenance was what encouraged all Men.

17. Solyman put an end to all these Ca∣lamities; for not knowing the Condition the Fort was in, and terrified with this ill success, he raised the Siege. Antony Silvey∣ra seeing them weigh anchor, and hoise sail, thought it was still counterfeit, and pre∣pared to resist as if he had any thing to trust to. He posted the forty Men, and caused some that were wounded to lean against the Walls, to shew a number; those who could not rise ordered themselves to be car∣ried in their Beds, saying, It was to die in an honourable place. Some of the Women also armed themselves, and appeared upon the Works. The Night was spent upon the

watch, but the Morning was more com∣fortable to the afflicted; for Solyman was under Sail without any thought of return∣ing. Tho fear did much, yet a Device of Coje Zofar did more towards removing So∣lyman. Coje was moved to it by two Rea∣sons, one that he was weary of the unsup∣portable Pride of that Turk; another an Order that he had from his King, in case he found the Turk would keep that City and Fort (as was feared) he should rather endeavour to leave it to the Portugueses. Coje's Device was, that he framed a Letter which came to Solyman's Hands, who find∣ing it contained, that the Viceroy of India would be there the next day with a vast Fleet, he thought not fit to delay his De∣parture, and so sailed away on the fifth of November. The same night Coje's Men fired the City, and marched away. This was the first Siege of Diu which was admired throughout the World, and added new Lustre to the Portugues Glory, all due to the invincible Courage of the ever re∣nowned Antony de Silveyra, and those va∣liant Gentlemen who were with him, and whose Fame will last from Generation to Generation.

18. Solyman touched at the Ports on the Coast of Arabia, and took up some Portu∣gueses he found there. He gathered a∣bove 140, and cutting off their Heads, then the Ears and Noses, salted and sent them to the great Turk to shew what he had done. Among these was Francis Pacheco,

who had not the Courage to die like a Gentleman in his Bulwark. Solyman being come to the great Turk, and not well a∣greeing with one who aspired to his Post, was reduced to kill himself. Such is gene∣rally the end of Tyrants.

19. This famous Siege was far advanced when the Viceroy D. Garcia de Noronha ar∣rived in India, to whom Nuno de Cuna im∣mediately resigned the Government. His arrival with so considerable Relief as he brought might well have bettered the Affairs of Diu; yet on the contrary it much en∣damaged them. For had he not come, Nuno had relieved Diu with eighty Sail he had in a readiness for that purpose, and prevented so many Miseries and the death of so many brave Men. Still fresh Ad∣vice was brought of the danger the be∣sieged were in, and still D. Garcia wasted the time in considering of means to relieve them, without chusing any, or taking the advise of Cuna. Thus the Siege was raised before he found the method of relieving, having gathered one hundred and sixty Sail for that purpose.

20. D. Garcia wanted not Courage, having given good demonstrations of it under Alfonso de Albuquerque. But he chose ra∣ther to commit an Error through his own wilfulness, than act rightly by the advice of Nuno de Cuna.

21. It soon appeared Noronha was not at all disposed to take advice of Cuna, treat∣ing him in such manner at Goa as obliged

him to go to Cochin, to order his Affairs in order to return to Portugal. At Cochin he refused him a convenient Ship, contrary to an Order he had from the King to act as Go∣vernor, and chuse such Vessel as he liked. He was forced to set out in a Merchant-Ga∣leon, hired for himself and Family. Tho the Viceroy treated him ill there, no less ill usage was designed him here; and doubtless the knowledge D. Garcia had of the ill will the Ministers of State here bore him was the cause of his hard usage there.

22. Nuno de Cuna by the way fell sick and died. He protested at his death, that he had nothing belonging to the King but five Pieces of Coin, or Medals of Gold, found among the dead King Badur's Trea∣sure, which for their Beauty •…•…e carried to shew to the King. A Chaplain asked, How he would have his Body ordered to be brought home. And he answered, Since God is pleased I should die at Sea, let the Sea be my Grave. Since the Land would not have me, I will not give it my Bones. He died like a good Christian. Ordered a sufficient Weight should be tied to his Feet to carry him to the bottom. Thus ended an excel∣lent Governor of India. His Age fifty two years. He was Son of Tristan de Cuna and Donna Antonia de Albuquerque. Of stature large and well proportioned. He want∣ed one Eye. Tho he had Majesty in command, he was courteous, and not sub∣ject to any passion, easie to be reconciled, loved to do good to all, an observer of

Justice, free from Avarice, prudent in Counsel, affable in Discourse. His Picture represents his Complexion fair, his Beard black, all the Cloaths black, only the Cap blew. He governed ten years wanting two months, and died the beginning of the year 1539. He was the tenth Governor, and first of the Name.

The End of the Four Parts of the First Tome.

Notes

• * 1.1

  1526.
• * 1.2

  1527.
• * 1.3

  1529.
• * 1.4

  3530.
• * 1.5

  1531.
• * 1.6

  1532.
• * 1.7

  1534.
• * 1.8

  1538.