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Continues the Government of Nuno de Cuna from the Year 1534, in the Reign of King John the Third.
1. THE Mogols call themselves Chacatais, in the same manner as the Spaniards call themselves Goths. Chacata is the Name of the Province they inhabit near Turque∣stan, and the Nobles suffer not themselves to be called Mogols. The Persians write
they are descended from Mogog, Grandson to Noah, from whom they received the Worship of one only God. This Nation wandring through many Provinces, got the best footing in Mogalia, or Mogostan, called by Ptolomey, Paropanisus; now they stretch farther, and border upon the King∣dom Horacam, which that Author calls A∣ria, or Here, now the Metropolis thereof. The Mogols go from the North to drink the Waters of the River Geum, that runs through Bactria, so called from its Metro∣polis Bactria, or Bohara (a famous place for Learning, being the Remains of great Zoroastes, where Avicen got the Learning that made him so famous) neighbouring upon Sogdiana, now called Quiximir, and mount Caucasus, which divides India from other Northern Provinces. This King∣dom now reaches to the mountainous Par∣veti and Bagous, which they call Angou. As there are in it great Mountains, so there are most large and fruitful Plains, watered by five Rivers, which compose the famous Indus. They are Bet, Satinague, Chanao, Rave and Rea. The Cities are many, the Men couragious.
2. The Mogols are Mohometans, their Lan∣guage Turkish and Persian, they are well shaped, white, and have small Eyes like the Tartars and Chineses. The Nobility wear rich and gay Cloaths, fashioned like the Persians, their Beards long. The Women are beautiful. Their military Dress is no less costly, their Arms being gilt and polish∣ed;
they are singular at the Bow. In fight violent, and of good conduct: they use Artillery. Their King is treated with great Majesty, is seldom seen, his Guard two thousand Horse every quarter.
3. The Mogols and Patanes both equally strove to conquer India. They were Neighbours. The Event of War and Treachery brought the Patanes and Delhi under the Subjection of the Mogol, at the time when Babor Paxiath, great Grandson to Tamerlane the Great, reigned among them.
4. Omaum, Son of Babor, now broke with Badur, King of Cambaya, who to be∣gin the War sent twenty thousand Horse, and a multitude of Foot upon his Enemies Frontiers. Here it may appear, that In∣gratitude never escapes unpunished. The Queen Crementii, who had saved Badur's Life, and in return was by him deprived of her Liberty and Kingdom of Chitor, now revenged her self on him, after this man∣ner. He by his Embassadors required her to send him her Son with what Men she could to serve against the Mogol. The Queen desired he would restore her other Son, whom he kept as an Hostage, that she might not be deprived of both, and that the mean while she would raise the Forces. Badur not diving into her De∣sign, sent him, and she immediately put her self into the protection of the Mogol Badur enraged at this Action, gathered one hundred thousand Horse, four hundred and
fifteen thousand Foot, a thousand Cannon, many of great Bulk, six hundred armed Elephants, and six thousand Carriages. This multitude marched in great order, and was abundantly supplyed with all things.
5. He besieged the City Chitor, and bat∣tered it furiously; but tho the besieged re∣ceived great damage, they did him much more. Badur now raging, received the News that the Mogols had slain twenty thou∣sand of the Men he sent to ravage their Country. He vented his passion upon the City, and at last more by policy than strength became Master of it, having lost fifteen thousand Men, among them four Portugueses. The Queen with the choice of her Riches fled. Badur used no Cruelty towards the City, but repaired it against future dangers, leaving Mina•…•… Hozem to command in it with twelve thousand Men. Then he marched towards his Ene∣my, who advanced victorious through the Kingdom of Mandou, in order to relieve Chitor, and being now informed it was in possession of Badur, and that he was in∣trenched about Doçor, Omaum marched thither, and encamped.
6. Badur found the greatest danger where he sought security; for being incamped be∣tween a River and a Lake, and Omaum before him, the resort of Provisions was quite cut off, so that in few days they suf∣fered extreme Famine, and such as went out to seek Relief, fell into the Hands of
the Enemy, as did Coraçam Cham with two thousand Horse.
7. This so disheartened Badur, that he stole away, and his Camp was plundered by the Mogols, who found there vast Riches. Badur with all speed fled towards Mandou, accompanied by Rume Cham, and some Portugueses, being left by many persons of Note, and particularly Melique Liaz, for the murder of his two Brothers. In fine, very little of that mighty Army escaped the Sword or Famine, and what did was di∣spersed and disarmed. Badur got into Man∣dou, having slipped ten thousand Mogols, who thought to prevent his reaching that place.
8. Badur fortified this City, and gave the chief Command to Rume Cham his Favou∣rite. Omaum hearing of it, lengthened his Marches to come upon him. Rume Cham, now fearful of his Master, deserts to Omaum, Rume's Wife, Daughter and Riches were at Champanel. Badur and Rume strove who should first secure Champanel, the former ha∣ving there one (tho the least) of his three Treasures, which only in Copper-Mony was worth thirty Millions, besides Pearls, Precious Stones, and other things of value, with this Treasure he sent Rume's Family and Riches under a strong Guard to Diu, whilst he himself hearing the approach of Omaum, wasted the Country, and destroyed the Artillery, lest it should fall into the Enemies Hands. The same he did at Cam∣baya•…•… Rume Cham seeing his Wife and
Riches were carried away, obtained of his new Master five thousand Horse to follow them. As he entered one Gate of Cam∣baya, Badur was going out at another, who seeing himself so close pursued by Rume, left his Women and Riches by the way, that they might put a stop to his pur∣suit. So it fell out, for Rume Cham return∣ed to Champanel, and Badur got to Diu, whilst Omaum was at Champanel dividing his Kingdom, and conquering that im∣pregnable place with Liberality.
9. Champanel was impregnable by Art and Nature, and the Mogols not used to spend time even in easie Sieges, but Tyrants have nothing secure, so these Rocks which might have been a secure Retreat to him, turned against Badur. This mountain is thirty Leagues from the Sea, and yet visible thi∣ther, the ascent of it being almost five Leagues. Where Nature left any passage, Art supplyed it with strong Walls. The City stands on the side of it, has sightly Buildings, twenty thousand Families, and a great Trade. The City it self is not walled, but there are many places upon the Mountain well fortified, strongly garrisoned and stored with Cannon. Somewhat higher is the Royal Palace, wonderful for Structure and Greatness, and on the top a Fort can terrifie the most daring. Here Badur found no security, for Tyrants can meet none in the World, and think them∣selves between Sheets, when they are be∣tween the strongest Walls, and when be∣tween
the finest Sheets they imagine they lie upon Thorns.
10. These Misfortunes were the Motives that induced Badur to consent to our raising the Fort at Diu. Before, to secure our Friendship against the Mogol, he had sur∣rendered Baçaim to Nuno de Cuna, and now in hopes of our assistance to recover what was lost, he offered Diu. Badur sent to dispose Martin Alphonso de Sousa, who was at Chaul, and he urged the necessity of rai∣sing the Fort, giving advice hereof to Nuno, and desiring leave to go treat about this important Affair. Cuna refused him leave; jealous that any but himself should compass a matter so much desired by his Prince, and sent his own Secretary Embassador to Badur.
11. Still Badur struggled with his Pride, and thought to get assistance from the Turk to recover his Kingdom. To this ef∣fect he sent Saf Cham Embassador with a rich Present, but hearing the Mogol had ta∣ken Champanel, utterly despaired. He re∣solved to fly to Meca, and there wait the Turks Answer, but his Mother and Friends dissuaded him, advising to grant leave to the Portugueses to raise the Fort at Diu, and by their assistance his Fortune might be bet∣tered. Instantly he sent to offer it to Mar∣tin Alphonso at Chaul, whither also came a Message from the Mogol with the same Offer.
12. Martin Alfonso having sent advice to the Governor, asked not a second time for
leave, but set out immediately for Diu, as Badur desired. At Sea he met the Secretary Simon Ferryra, and both arrived at Diu on the twenty first of September. They soon came to an agreement upon these Articles, That Badur confirmed all that had been done relating to Baçaim; that something which concerned Trade should be transferred thence to Diu, that there should be a League offensive and defensive between the King of Portugal and him, that the Fort should be raised, where and in what manner the Governor should appoint, that a Bul∣wark upon the Sea should immediately be delivered to him, that they should not med∣dle with the King's Revenues at Diu, &c. Immediately a Iew and an Armenian were sent to Portugal with this News to the King; and to the Governor at Goa, Iames de Mesquita, one of the Portugueses who ser∣ved Badur at the Siege of Chitor, that King desiring that Nuno de Cuna would instantly come to Diu.
13. Whilst these things were in agitation, seven Ships arrived from Portugal with Men and great Riches. They came to Goa be∣fore the first advice reached the Governor, and before the second could come he was under sail, with a resolution to accept the Offer of Badur. The King received him with much honor and demonstration of Joy. After the first Visits, he desired him to send some Men to recover the Fort of Vivarcne, taken by the Mogols upon the River Indus, and some Relief to the City
Baroche. Vasco Perez de Sampayo was sent to the first with two hundred and fifty Portu∣gueses in twelve Barques. To the latter Enterprize went Emanuel de Macedo, who returned to Diu, without doing any thing, the Inhabitants having quitted the place which was too big for his small number to maintain.
14. About this time there was one Iames Botello in these parts, who was in disgrace with King Iohn, because it was said he de∣signed to go for France, being skillf•…•… in the Affairs of India. The Favour of Princes is generally recovered either by something very inconsiderable, or else by some Action that seems impossible. Botello resolved upon the latter. He knew how earnestly the King desired the raising the Fort at Diu; scarce was it granted, when he getting the Draught of it, and a Copy of the Capitu∣lation, committed himself to the vast Oce∣an that is between Spain and India, in a Barque that was but sixteen Foot and half in length, nine Foot broad, and four Foot and a half deep. He set ou•…•… privately with his own Slaves, three Portugueses, and two others, saying he went to Cambaya. Being out at Sea, he discovered his Design, they were all astonished, but overcome by fair Words and Promises. Till finding they were reduced to unspeakable Miseries, the Slaves agreed to kill him, and killed a Ser∣vant, which occasioned all the Slaves, who were Sailers, to be slain. Without Seamen or Pilot he held his Course, and to the ad∣miration
of all Men arrived at Lisbon, where the Barque was immediately burnt, that no Body might see it was possible to perform that Voyage in so small a Vessel. The King was greatly pleased with the News, and Iames Botello restored to the Royal Favour, without any other Reward for this prodigious Action.
15. Nuno de Cuna began the Work with diligence, and a great number of Hands, being himself the first that la∣boured at the Foundation, which was done, with Sound of Trumpets, Fifes, Drums, Noise of Cannon and Shouts. The Work was soon finished, and the Command of the Fort given to Emanuel de Sousa, with nine hundred Portugueses, and sixty Pieces of great Cannon. Badur already reaped the Benefit of this Concession; for Niza∣maluco, at the instance of Nuno de Cuna, not only made peace with, but assisted him against his Enemy. Vasco Perez had reco∣vered Varivene, and King Omaum hearing Nuno de Cuna was at Diu, despaired of ta∣king that 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and employed his Arms a∣gainst other places.
16. Badur pleased with this success, de∣sired to view in person how much of his Kingdom was yet left him. This he com∣municated to Nuno de Cuna, desiring a number of Portugueses might go with him, and particularly Martin Alfonso de Sousa. Nuno approved his Resolution, and gave him five hundred Men, whereof fifty were of Note. Now Cuna fearing Omaum would
fall upon Baçaim, sent to its Relief Garcia de Sa, with four hundred Portugueses. He seeing a mighty Army threaten that City resolved to quit it, to the terror of all the Inhabitants, and with miserable Cries of Women and Children. Antony Galvam considering the loss of the Portugues Repu∣tation, persuaded him with strong Reasons to alter his Resolution. Sa began to forti∣fie the place, and the Mogol knowing th•…•…r Resolution, drew off. This Retreat of the Mogols encouraged Mirao Muhmold, Ne∣phew to Badur, who was upon the Fron∣tier of Nizamaluco to recover many places taken by the Mogols, which brought fresh Hopes to Badur of regaining his Crown.
17. Badur being thus prosperous with the assistance of the Portugueses only, and re∣penting he had given leave to raise the Fort, would build a Wall between it and the City, covering the Design he had thereby of gaining the Fort, with the pretence of parting the Portugueses and Gurarates, whose too free Communication caused Divisions. There was some bickering between the King and Nuno about it, till the King de∣sisted. Nuno de Cuna went to Baçaim, and began the Fort there, giving the honor of laying the first stone to Antony Galvam, in reward of his resolution in defence of it. Garcia de Sa was left to carry on the Work, and Nuno returned to Goa.
18. Let us return to Malaca and Maluco, whence the course of the Occurrences in In∣dia drew us. During the Government of Lope
Vaz de Sampayo, the King of Achem had cau∣sed to be killed Simon de Sousa, and others, bound for Maluco, and taken others prisoners. He feigned to be sorry for that Action, and sent three of the Prisoners to Peter de Fa∣ria, then commanding the first time at Malaca, offering Peace, and desiring him to send persons fit to treat of it, and he would deliver to them Sousa his Galley, and the other Prisoners. This was much for the ease of Malaca, and therefore Peter de Faria sent presently a Vessel with some Portugue∣ses, who were all killed by that Tyrants Order before they came to him. Six months after Garcia de Sa then commanding, the King writ a Letter to him, saying, He wondered no Body was sent to treat of Peace; believing by reason of the Secresie used in murdering the others, it was not known; and at the same time caused the Prisoners he had (whom, to compass his wicked ends, he treat∣ed kindly) to write to the Commander about it. Sa presently sent a Gallion well provided with Men and Cannon, com∣manded by Emanuel Pacheco, who suffered himself to be circumvented by the King's Barques, and he with most of the Men were slain, the Gallion was carried for the King to see, who then caused the rest of the men, and the prisoners he made much of to be killed. Then he joined with the King of Aru, and all this to the intent to gain Malaca, having intelligence with Sinaya Raja, a considerable Moor, who
lived in that City. The Correspondence being discovered by some drunken Achemes, produced the publick safety and death of Sinaya, who was thrown headlong from a Tower by Garcia de Sa his order.
15. The year 1530 Gonçalo Pereyra set out from Malaca for Maluco, and in pur∣suance to the Governor's Order, by the way visited the King of Borneo, offering him liberty to trade at Malaca. Borneo is an Island fruitful of Provisions, rich in costly Merchandize, and produces the finest Diamonds. The King is powerful, his Re∣ligion the Mahometan, so his People. The City of that Name is large, has beautyful Buildings and strong Walls. The Island has four principal Ports, to which resort Merchants from sundry parts. The Offer pleased the King. Gonçalo Pereyra arriving at Ternate, D. George de Meneses delivered him the Fort, and King Cachil Daialo, who was there prisoner. The Queen his Mo∣ther, who had fled from her City as was before related, hearing of the new Com∣mander, sent to put him in mind, how kind∣ly the King her Husband had received the Portugueses, how ungrateful the Return had been from them, who caused his Son and Heir to die in a prison, and now kept the other, and obliged her their Mother to fly to the Mountains, having lost the City where she was born, and whereof she was Queen. That she demanded Reparation of D. George his Cruelty, and Liberty for her Son. After some Scruples Gonçalo Pereyra
solemnly swore he would set him at liberty as soon as opportunity served, whereupon she returned to the City, and they agreed; as did the King of Tidore, being eased of a Tribute, imposed by D. George, which he was not able to pay. There was also an Accommodation with the Spanish Captain Ferdinand de la Torre. Thus things were settled as was suitable to the Portugues Re∣putation.
20. Gonçalo Pereyra, in pursuance of the Governor's Orders made D. George a pri∣soner. He was carried to Goa, thence to Portugal, whence he was banished to Brasil, and killed by the Heathens there in a Battel. After this Gonçalo Pereyra examined the Pro∣ceedings of the Portugues Officers of the Revenue, and found them guilty of great Frauds. They offended at this Discovery, conspired with the Queen to kill him, which they executed, tho he defended himself with Resolution, yet most of the Murderers were killed by the other Portugueses, who main∣tained the Fort which was in great danger of being lost, and Luis de Andrade kept the Command as Lieutenant.
21. Bras Pereyra, who commanded by Sea, would have succeeded his Kinsman. But the Conspirators elected Vincent Fonseca one of their Companions. He having pro∣mised the Queen her Sons Liberty, if she would assist him in obtaining that Post, now loaded him with Irons, and secured his Brothers and Family. She withdrawing into the Country, stopped all provisions
from coming to the Fort, and so obliged him to set her Son free, and all was appeased for the present.
22. This Quiet lasted not long; for the King being near of Age to govern, Pate Sarangue, who governed for him, finding his power expiring, conspired with Fonseca, to set up Tabarija, the King's Bastard Bro∣ther, who was younger. To this effect they began to lay several scandalous Impu∣tations upon the King, and Fonseca attempt∣ed to secure him, which he having notice of fled to the Mountain. Fonseca follows, pre∣tending he had a Design upon the Fort. The King might have defended himself, but forbore in respect to the Portugueses whom he loved. He fled with his Mother to Ti∣dore. His Enemies set up Tabarija, and following to Tidore, oblige both Kings to seek security in the Mountains. Fonseca was the more inraged against the King for that at his return a Moor had killed his Son, and endeavoured to slay Tabarija, who escaped; and because many obeyed not the Usurper, calling him Fonseca's King, whereas they might more properly term Fonseca, Tabarija's King. He sent Pate Sarangue with Forces, and subdued all. He by treachery catched the Queen Mo∣ther, and gave her as Wife to Sarangue, and the deposed King's Wife to the Usur∣per. The distressed King leaving his Mo∣ther and Friends had recourse to the King of Gilolo's Courtesie.
23. Now Fonseca sends Blas Pereyra and others prisoners to India. The Governor informed of the Insolences committed at Ternate, sent Tristant de Altaide to com∣mand there, who secured Fonseca, and sent him to Goa. With him went the Spaniards from Gilolo, in order to be sent to Spain in the Portugues Ships. But the King of Gilolo refusing to surrender the Spaniards, Tristan was obliged to go with a power, in which the Kings of Ternate, Tidore and Bacham joined, the City was abandoned and burnt, and the Spaniards set at liberty.
24. Tristan de Ataide, at the instigation of Samarao, put Tabarija in prison, and set up his younger Brother Cachil Aeiro. The King's Mother and Sarangue were also se∣cured, and the City became desolate, the Natives of it finding no Comfort in their Neighbours, who upbraided them for ad∣mitting so wicked a People as the Portu∣gueses, who since they had footing in this Island were guilty of the most exorbitant Villanies that could be imagined. In fine, Ataide sent those Prisoners to Goa, for the Crimes he was guilty of himself, and so Nuno de Cuna judged it, taking care to send them back to their Country.
25. Now Tristan de Ataide employed his Thoughts on the Profit he designed to make by the Sale of Cloves, and ordered it so, that the King of Bacham would not con∣sent. Tristan in a rage sent his Men armed, the King protested he was a faithful Friend to the King of Portugal; but they sought
Spice for themselves, not Friendship for their King. So they were convinced by the Sword, many killed, and the rest were shamefully put to flight. Tristan in a greater fury joining with the Kings of Ter∣nate and Tidore, forced him of Bacham to abandon his City, which was destroyed, and to sue for peace, which was sold him for a Tribute to be paid in Cloves. Yet at the same time this King conspires with those of Gilolo, Tidore and the deposed of Ternate, and with Samarao to kill Ataide, and take the Fort. They began their De∣sign by persuading him to send Ships several ways, where he lost many Men, and Ca∣chil Daialo, the deposed King of Ternate, laying hold of the opportunity, recovered part of his Kingdom, with the assistance of those of Gilolo, Tidore, Bacham, Maquiem and Moutel, with whose aid the Ternates slew all the Portugueses about the Island. Ataide prepared to take revenge, when Simon Sodre arrived from Malaca with a Ship and many Men, that brought new life to the desperate Ataide, and put him in a posture to recover some places.
26. The Moors endeavoured to burn some of our Vessels, bringing to execute this design almost three hundred Sail, they received some damage, but would not desist, nor hearken to Ataide, who sued for Peace, being in the Fort, and reduced to eat all sorts of Vermin. D. Ferdinand de Monroy, a Spa∣nish Gentleman, who came from Banda with Provisions, delivered him out of this danger.
This Success was answered by a Misfortune, for all the Inhabitants fled from Ternate, and the Moors killed some of his Men, and took a Ship, but now a new Captain comes to the Fort, which stood in need of it. Tristan de Ataide was as deformed of Body as his Actions were scandalous. Let us re∣turn to the Affairs of India.