The Portugues Asia, or, The history of the discovery and conquest of India by the Portugues containing all their discoveries from the coast of Africk, to the farthest parts of China and Japan, all their battels by sea and land, sieges and other memorable actions, a description of those countries, and many particulars of the religion, government and customs of the natives, &c. : in three tomes / written in Spanish by Manuel de Faria y Sousa ... ; translated into English by Cap. John Stevens.

THE Portugues Asia. TOM. I. PART III. (Book 3)

CHAP. I.

Conquests under King Emanuel, from the Year 1515, to the Year 15•…•…8. Lope Soarez de Albergaria, being Governor.

1. THE great Alfonso de Albu∣querque was drawing to∣wards * 1.1 the last Period of his Life, when King E∣manuel, as if he had fore∣seen it, sent a new Governor with a Fleet for India. The Governor was Lope Soarez de Albergaria, the Fleet consisted of thirteen Ships, and in them fifteen hundred fighting Men, many Gentlemen by Birth, most such by their Actions. Among them was Duarte Galvam, a Person of Learning, Au∣thority and Judgment, who went Embassa∣dor

to Prester Iohn, with rich Presents; some for him, some for the Church. The Governor being arrived at Cochin, by his (perhaps rather affected than natural) re∣servedness became disagreeable to many, and particularly to the King, who was used to Albuquerque's discreet Civility. D. Garcia de Noronha, who took Charge of the Dispatch of the homeward bound trading Ships, went away with them after no small Dis∣agreement with Lope Soarez. Till this time the Gentlemen had followed the Dictates of true Honor, esteeming their Arms the greatest Riches; from this time forwards they so wholly gave up them∣selves to trading, that those who had been Captains became Merchants, so that what had been Command became a Shame, Ho∣nor was a Scandal, and Reputation a Re∣proach. Lope Soarez entred upon the Go∣vernment. He visited the Forts, placed in them new Captains, gave out Orders and such other Affairs of small moment, which rather serve to fill Paper than increase the Substance of a History.

2. This year sailed from Lisbon five Ships under the Command of Iohn de Silveyra, three of them arrived in India, the other two were lost on the Sands of St. Lazaro. The Governor prepared, according to the King's Order, for the Red Sea; and being informed, that the Soldan was fitting out a great Fleet at Suez, he sailed in search there∣of * 1.2 from Goa, on the eighth of February, with twenty seven Sail of several sorts and Sizes.

In this Fleet were twelve hundred Portugue∣ses, eight hundred Malabar Soldiers, and eight hundred Seamen of the same Na∣tion. He arrived before the City Aden, the Commander whereof Miramirzan, finding himself defenceless, by reason a piece of the Wall was beaten down by Raez Soliman, Admiral of the Suez Fleet, Lope Soarez went in search of, he made a Virtue of Ne∣cessity, and offered the Keys to Lope Soarez, affirming he would have done the same to Albuquerque, had not he begun by Acts of Hostility. Lope Soarez pleased with this Flattery, trusted to him, and took not pos∣session of the City, but went away in search of Raez Soliman, thinking first to find out him, and then take the City; and neither did he take Aden at his return, nor meet Soliman as he went. He went up the Red Sea, in quest of Solyman, but with bad Fortune; for D' Alvaro de Castro was lost with forty Men through Covetousness; for having taken some. Vessels, he so over∣loaded his own with the Goods, that it sunk down to rights. Other Ships sustained much damage. Hearing that Solyman was drove by stress of Weather to Ioda, and had no Defence, he resolved to sail thither.

3. Ioda (or as the Arabs call it) Gidda, is seated in Arabia Felix in twenty one De∣grees and half of North Latitude, in a most barren Soil, being all a deep Sand. It was a Colony of Moors, who attended more to Trade, than Delight. The Buildings are good, but not the Harbour; the Inhabi∣tants

of two sorts, the native Arabs, and foreign Merchants. The Town was forti∣fied by Mir Hozem, after he was defeated by D. Francisco de Almeyda, for his own Se∣curity, being afraid to return to the Soldan, but upon pretence of the Defence of the Sepulchre of Mahomet and his Prince. When Hozem was busie in this Work, came to the Soldan Raez Solyman, a Turk of base Pa∣rentage, but a powerful and bold Pyrate, born in the Island Mitylene of the Archipelago. He offered himself to command the Fleet of twenty seven Sail, that was preparing at Suez to fall upon Aden, an employ Mir Hozem had set his Heart upon. The old Servant was laid aside, and the Stranger re∣ceived. The punishment of this Incon∣stancy soon fell upon Ioda. For Solyman after repairing the Loss sustained at Aden (where many of his Men were killed) and taking a great Booty in the City Zeibid, returned to Gidda, where he slew Mir Ho∣zem, and then delivered the City to the Turk, who not long before had killed the Soldan in Battel. This was the occasion that Lope Soarez found Solyman at Gidda.

4. The Port being dangerous, Lope Soarez anchored a League from the City, in which there was so good Cannon, that three or four Peices reached the Ships at that di∣stance. There came a Messenger from So∣lyman, offering a private Combat between Man and Man, or as Soarez should propose. The Challenge was received by Gaspar de Silva, and D. Antonio de Meneses, but the

Governor would not permit, saying he would answer ashore. He sounded a Chan∣nel that goes up to the City, which was terrified by the firing of a Galeon. Soly∣man appeased the Tumult, and appeared with some Men without the Walls, whilst multitudes appeared on them, filling the Air with loud Cries. Lope Soarez delayed the landing two days, till his Men began to complain of the delay. He appeased them by shewing his Instructions, wherein he was ordered to fight the Fleet, which he could not compass, not to attack that City where there might be much danger and lit∣tle profit. Tho Votes differed, it was re∣solved in Council to desist. He retired to the Island Camaran, whence he sent some to several parts of that Sea. Here died Duarte Galvam, a studious and ingenious Man, who had been Embassador in several parts of Europe, and was going now in the same quality, being above seventy years of Age, to Prester Iohn. At his death he said, that his Son George Galvam and all his Men were cast away in their Vessel, and that in the Island of Dalaca they had cut off the Heads of Laurence de Cosme and others that were sent thither. It being impossible this News could be brought to the Island where he died, yet was afterwards found true.

5. After suffering much through Famine, whereof some Men died, and losing seven∣teen Portugueses, taken by the Moors, and carried to Gidda, Lope Soarez set sail, and appeared before the City Zeyla, on the

Mouth of the Red Sea, and the African Shoar, called by Ptolomy, Emporium Avalite, being the great Market of those parts. The Town was easily taken, being unprovided, and burnt, and then the Fleet bent its course to Aden.

6. Here Soarez found how much he had been to blame in not taking possession when offered by Miramirzan; for he finding his Enemy now weaker, and the Wall repaired, refused by forming Delays what afore he offered with haste. Lope Soarez fearing to lose time, durst not call Miramirzan to ac∣count, but set sail, designing to do the same at the City Barbora, as he had done at Zeyla. But the Fleet was scattered by Storms, and drove to several Ports, and when they came after to hear of one another, it was found above eight hundred Men had perish∣ed by Hunger, Sickness and Shipwrack. All which Misfortunes made the loss of the most fortunate Albuquerque be the more la∣mented.

7. Whilst these Disstasters attended Lope Soarez, another threatened the City Goa, where D. Gutierre de Monroy commanded. According to the Orders left him by Soa∣rez, some Ships of the Enemy were taken of more Value than Reputation, and with more Danger than Profit. One Alvaro Madureira, who was married in Goa, fled to the Enemy, and turned Moor, then was reconciled, and falling again, brought the Indians to attack our Ships, putting them in great danger. And because Troubles sel∣dom

come alone, it happened that one Fer∣dinando Caldera, who also was married there, flying the punishment of Crimes, fol∣lowed the Example of Madureira, or (as was said) terrified by the Threats of D. Gu∣tierre, who desired his absence, being in love with his Wife. This is likely, since there was scarce ever any great Mischief without a Woman at the end of it. Caldera went to serve Ancostan, an Officer of Hidalcan. D. Gutierre demanded him, because he de∣sired not his absence that way. Ancostan refused to deliver him. The other chal∣lenged him, but he accepted not. De Gu∣tierre sent one who pretending to be a De∣serter should kill Caldera, he executed it, and was killed upon the Body by the Moors. Lope Soarez arriving at Goa was informed by D. Gutierre what had passed, and left it to him take the revenge he thought fit of Ancostan, which produced the loss of Men and Reputation, and brought upon the City a dangerous Siege. It fell out thus.

8. As soon as D. Gutierre had this leave of the Governor, he prepared to put his Designs in execution, and when he thought time, sent out his Brother D. Fernando with one hundred and fifty Portugueses, whereof eighty were Horse, and a great number of Canaras, against Ancostan. At Ponda they routed the Moors, who rallying, obliged D. Ferdinando to retire, having lost two hundred Men, killed and taken. This caused all the Country to rise in Arms a∣gainst the Portugueses, and Hidalcan pre∣tending

the Peace was broke, to order his General Sufo Lari to besiege Goa. Sufo Lari appeared with four thousand Horse and twenty six thousand Foot, and attempted to pass into the Island, but was repulsed. Hunger began to press the Besieged, till three Ships arrived, one from Portugal, ano∣ther from Quiloa, and another from China, so Lari raised the Siege, and the former Peace was confirmed.

9. The same Misfortune attended Mala∣ca, through the ill Government of George de Brito, and Animosities of others. The People fled from Malaca, because of their tyrannical Usage, and the King of it that had been prepared to recover it, sending before to this effect his General Cerilige de Raja, with considerable Forces, and some Cannon. He intrenched himself, and so pressed the Besieged, that had not D. Alexius de Meneses come to take the Government with three hundred Men, then had ended the Portugues Possession of Malaca.

10. Anthony de Saldana arrived now in India with six Ships from Portugal. In this Fleet went one Alcacova as Surveyor of * 1.3 the King's Revenue, with such a Power as lessened that of Lope Soarez, and with a will to take it all away. There soon broke out the Flame of Contention between these two. Alcacova bore down by such as envied him, took revenge on himself by returning to Portugal, and on them there by causing them to be called to account for their Pro∣ceedings. Hence began the hearing Com∣plaints

against the Governors and Com∣manders of India, and hence it was that ma∣ny took more care to heap Riches than Honor, knowing them to be a protection against all Crimes. Lope Soarez sent D. Iohn de Silveira to the Maldivy Islands, D. A∣lexius de Meneses to Malaca, Manuel de la Cerda to Diu, and Antony de Soldana with six Ships, by the King's Order to the Coast of Arabia. They arrived at the City Bar∣bora near to Zeyla, and not unlike to it, but much less. It was taken without resistance, the Inhabitants being all fled. It was burnt, and the Fleet, without doing any thing re∣markable, returned to India at such time as Lope Soarez was sailing for the Island Ceylon.

CHAP. II.

A Continuation of what was done in India the same Year 1517, during the Go∣vernment of the same Lope Soarez de Albergaria.

1. THE Island Ceylon is opposite to Cape Comori, and is the Southermost Land of India, within Ganges, distant from the Continent sixteen Leagues, once, as some imagine, join'd to it, in length about eighty Leagues, and forty five in breadth. The Southermost Point is in the Latitude of

six degrees, the most Northerly in about ten. In this Sea is a Fishery of precious Pearls. The ancient Inhabitants of it called it Ila∣nare. The Persians and Arabs, Seradib. It took the Name of Ceylon from the Sea that parts it from the Continent, because being dangerous, and the Chineses having lost a great Fleet there, called it Chilam, that is to say, Danger (it somewhat resembles Scylla) and corruptly it was called Ceylon. This is the ancient Trapobana, and not Sumatra, as some have imagined. It produces ma∣ny things, Cinnamon better than that of all other places, Rubies, Saphires and other precious Stones, much Pepper and Carda∣mum, Brasil Wood, and other Dyes, great Woods of Palm-trees, the Elephants bred there the most sensible, much Cattle, has good Ports, and several Rivers of good Water. The Mountains are covered with pleasant Woods, one particularly rising the space of seven Leagues, on the top whereof is a round plain of about thirty paces Dia∣meter, in the Center whereof rises a smooth Rock about six spans above the rest, on the Superficies whereof is the Print of a Mans Foot about two spans in length. This Foot∣step is held in great veneration, being thought to be of a holy Man born at Delhi, who lived many years on that Mountain, preaching to the Inhabitants the Belief of one only God, who afterwards returning to his own Country, sent one of his Teeth to the Kings of that Island, as a Token to remem∣ber him, and they keep it as a Relict where∣on

they repose much Confidence in time of Danger. On this account resort thither many Pilgrims from places a thousand Leagues distant. The Island is divided in∣to nine Kingdoms, the chiefest Columbo on the West. The others Gale on the South; Iaula, Tanavaca, Cande, Batecalon, Vila∣cem, Triquinamale, and Iafanapatam.

2. The King of Columbo in Ceylon had a Trade with the Portugueses, desired their Friendship, and furnished them with Cin∣namon from the time of Albuquerque. Lope Soarez went thither now with a Design to oblige him to pay Tribute, and to build a Fort as King Emanuel desired. He had with him seven Gallies, two Ships, and eight small Vessels with the Materials and Workmen for the Building, and 700 Por∣tugues Soldiers. They had bad Weather, but arrived safe. The King presently grant∣ed leave to build a Fort, and the Moors as soon altered his mind, and he received Soa∣rez going to begin the Work in such manner as put him to a streight; but in the end the Enemies were put to flight. They had for∣tified themselves to hinder the Work, and Lope Soarez did the same now to begin it. The King came to composition, the Articles were that he should be a Subject to Portugal, paying a yearly Tribute of twelve hundred Quintals of Cinnamon, twelve Rings of Rubies and Saphires, and six Elephants, for Soarez would not admit his Excuses, where∣in he blamed the Foreign Merchants.

3. At this time arrived from the Maldives, Iohn de Silveyra with four Sail; in his way he took two Ships of Cambaya, and the King of the Island granted leave to erect a Fa∣ctory. He went with the same Design to Bengala, where he was in great Danger, for there a Bengalian young Man that sailed with him, discovered the taking of the two Ships which were sent to Cochin, and so he was looked upon as a Pyrate not worthy to be heard. It had been worse with him, had not Iohn Coello arrived then with his Ship from Pacem, being sent on the same Er∣rand by Ferdinando Perez de Andrade, to the King of Bengala. Don Iohn de Silveyra, set Sail hence after passing the Winter with great hardship, especially through Fa∣mine. He was invited by the King of Ar∣racam to his Port, who, with the Messenger sent him a Present, but all his Kindnesses ten∣ded to destroy him at the instigation of the Governour of the other Port. This Trea∣chery took no effect, and he arriv'd at Cey∣lon at the time that Lope Soarez finished the Fort, who gave him the command of it, and left Anthony de Miranda de Azevedo with four Ships to cruise in that Sea.

4. Whilst these things were acted at Mal∣divia, Chatigam and Columbo, D. Alexius Me∣neses secured Malaca, being arrived with Men and Amunition, and putting an end to the Divisions of the Portugueses about suc∣ceeding the Governour who lay dying. Al∣fonso Lopez de Costa had the government, and Duarte de Melo the command of the

Sea. Duarte Coello was sent with an Em∣bassy and Present from King Emanuel to him of Siam, the substance of it was to con∣firm the Peace, and as a token of it, that he would send People to inhabit Malaca, that so the Moors whom he hated as much as we, might be totally expelled. He granted all with great satisfaction, and as a testimo∣ny of his Sincerity, caused to be erected in a remarkable place of the City Hudia, where he then was, a Cross with the Arms of Por∣tugal on it. Coello having thus succeeded was thrown by stress of weather upon the Coast of Pam, the King whereof received him friendly, and voluntarily submitted him∣self to the Crown of Portugal with an year∣ly tribute of a Gold Cup. This action was done rather in hatred to the King of Bintam than of any love to us.

5. The Kingdom of Siam where Coello had now been setling Peace, is one of the three greatest of Asia, the others are that of China and that of Bisnagar. The great River Menam runs through the middle of the Kingdom of Siam as it lies in length, the River has its spring in the great Lake Chiamay in the Latitude of 30 Degrees, and falls into the Sea in 13 Degrees, so that the length of this Kingdom is 330 Leagues. On the West of it is Bengala, on the South Ma∣laca, on the East Cambodia, and on the North China. It contains much Mountain and Plain, and in both sundry sorts of People, some most barbarous and cruel, who feed on human Flesh, as the Guei who for or∣nament

make figures on their Bodies with hot Irons. Here are bred many Elephants, black Cattle and Buffaloes. It has many Sea-port Towns and populous Cities. Hu∣dia is the Metropolis or Court. The Faith of the Siamites agrees in many considerable points with the Christian, as one God, Hea∣ven and Hell, Good and Bad Angels at∣tending each body. They build sumptuous Temples, in which they place Idols of vast bigness. They are very religious, sparing in Diet, much given to divination, studious, particularly in Astrology. All the Land is most fruitful, abounds in Gold and Silver, and other Metals. The memorable ser∣vices of Subjects are recorded to be read to the Prinçes, not the favours of the Kings. Against this King takes the Field, he has in a readiness almost 300000 Men, 10000 Elephants, and other Beasts of burthen.

6. About this time Fernan Perez de An∣drade (sent by the King to several discove∣ries) sailing towards the Bay of Bengala, ar∣rived at Pacem the Metropolis of one of the Kingdoms of Sumatra, where he found Por∣tugueses trading, and was well received of that King. Here he lost his biggest Ship, burnt by a Candle carelessly set up, and was thereby obliged to return to Malaca, sending away Iohn Coello in a Ship of Ben∣gala to expect him there with what Intelli∣gence he could get till he returned from Malaca. Hence Coello set out with fresh Instructions for China, and met with furi∣ous Storms and other Dangers. On the

Coast of Champa taking in fresh Water, had like to cost him his Life. At Patane he established Peace and Commerce with the Governour, the same at other places and thus spent the Winter without reaching China. He returned to Malaca, and refit∣ted himsel•…•… for his Voyage, to which he now sets out with eight Ships.

7. The Empire of China is the most Ea∣stern part of Asia, as Spain the most We∣stern of Europe. Opposite to it is the Island Hainan, as that of Cadiz to Spain. It is al∣most as big as all Europe: Divided from Tartary by a wonderful Wall running from East to West above 200 Leagues, and ends at a vast Mountain that like a Promontory is washed by the Eastern Sea. This large Empire is divided into fifteen Provinces or Governments. Along the Coast Quantung, Fokien, Chekiang, Nanking, Xantung, Leaotung. The inland, Queicheu, Iunnan, Quangsi, Suchuen, Huquang, Xensi, Kiangsi, Honan and Xansi, in which are 244 Cities. Its Riches are prodigious, its Government to be admi∣red above all others. They say they have two Eyes, Europe one, and all the rest of the World is blind. They had Printing and Cannon long before us. The City Quan∣tung, which is the Chief on the Coast, is remarkable for its Greatness, Strength of its Wall, and resort of Strangers most Mer∣chants.

8. Fernan Perez arriving here after some dangers and difficulties, had a conference with the th•…•…ee Governours of this City,

and sent to them one Thomas Perez with an Embassy and Present from our King to theirs, to be sent forward to him. He set∣led a Peace with that City and traded in it and the neighbouring Parts, and then sailed for Malaca, having received advice of the dangerous condition it was in, by rea∣son of the War with the King of Bintam and the Discord between the Portugueses.

9. Fernan Perez loaded with Riches, Am∣munition, and good Success in China, was no less welcome at Malaca, than D. Alexius de Meneses had been not long before. What followed shall be seen hereafter. Now let us turn to behold Iames Lopez de Sequeyra newly possess'd of the Government. Lope Soarez de Albergaria was the third Gover∣nour. He was a comly Man, very red hair; he is pictured with crimson Breeches and Doublet, and black Coat lined with the same, his Armour white adorned with Gold.

CHAP. III.

From the Year 1518, tell the Year 1520, ending the Government of Lope Soarez de Albergaria, and beginning that of James Lopez de Sequeira, King Ema∣nuel still reigning.

1. ABout the end of March sailed from * 1.4 Lisb•…•… 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Ships bound for. India, with 1500 fighting Men, all under the

command of Iames Lopez de Sequeyra, to whom the King gave the Government of India as a reward of his good Service in A∣frick, his discovery of Malaca, and worthy Qualities. At the Cape of Good Hope, one Ship was in danger of perishing by means of a great Fish, which running against her, stuck the length of two spans of a long Beak it has into her side; this was after∣wards found to be the Fish called the Nee∣dle. Lope Soarez presently resigned the Go∣vernment to Iames Lopez, and set Sail for Portugal with nine Ships. Sequeyra began to act. D. Alonso de Meneses was sent against Baticala, because it refused to pay. Iohn Go∣mez went for Maldivia, where he was to command and build a Fort. These things dispatched at Cochin, Iames Lopez went a∣way to Goa, whence he dispatched others, Anthony de Saldana to the Coast of Ara∣bia, and Simon de Andrade to China.

2. The King of Bintam who had trea∣cherously concluded a Peace, only that D. Alexius Meneses and Fernan Perez might depart for Cochin, as soon as they were gone, attacked Malaca with 1500 Men, and many Elephants, and with 60 Vessels by Sea. In the City were only 200, many sick, and most unprovided. But this sur∣prize cured many of their Feavers, and all Men running to oppose the danger, on both sides there was a sharp engagement for the space of three hours with great loss to the Enemy, and some on our side. Twenty days the King lay before the Town, and

then retired having lost 330 Men, of ours 18 were killed. Then he lay to hinder the bringing of Provisions till the Gover∣nour sent relief, and the Portugueses percei∣ving the damage they received from the Fort of Muar, whence Sansotea Raja made inroads, they resolved to gain it, and ac∣cordingly gave the assault, and after a vigo∣rous resistance entered, having killed most of the Defendants, which were 800 Moors, and then burnt it after securing the spoil, in which were 300 Cannons, some of Brass. Thus Malaca was for a long time delivered of a dangerous Enemy.

3. The King of Bintam still persisting in his resolution of taking Malaca, the Inhabitants were reduced to great extremity, having but few Men, many of them sick, and their Commander Alfonso Lopez ready to die. He delivered the City from this last danger by resigning his command to Garcia de Sa, who was newly arrived with 60 Men. Nothing of note happened at this time, only that Iames Pacheco going with two Ships in search of the Island of Gold was lost, and most of his Men.

4. Now arrived at Malaca, Anthony Cor∣rea, * 1.5 who came from the City Martavan, where he had been concluding a Peace with the King of Pegu, at the swearing of the Peace assisted with the King's Ministers, the Priests of both Nations, Catholick and Gentiles. The Heathen was called the Great Raulim, who after the Capitulations made in the Golden Mine, as is the Cu∣stom

of those People were publickly read, began to read in a Book, and then taking some yellow Paper (a colour dedicated to their holy uses) with some sweet Leaves of Trees, whereon were certain Characters, set Fire to it all, and then taking the Hands of the King's Minister and holding them over the ashes, said some words, which ren∣dred the Oath inviolable. Anthony Correa, to answer this Solemnity, ordered his Priest to put on a Surplice and bring his Brevia∣ry, which was so tottered and torn, that it was scandalous those Heathens should see how little respect was paid to our sacred Books. Correa observing this, ordered to be brought instead of it a Book of Church-Musick, which was more creditable, being bigger and better bound, and opening it, the first Verse he met was. Vanity of Vanities. This passed among those People as well as if it had been the Gospel. The Metropolis of this Kingdom is Bagou, corruptly called Pegu. On the West of it is the Bay of Bengala, on the East the Kingdom of Siam, on the South that of Malaca, and on the North that of Arracam. The length almost a 100 Lea∣gues, and in some places the same bredth, not including its Conquests. The Land is plain, well watered, and therefore fruitful, producing several Plants and plentiful of Provisions, as well of Cattle as Grain. In it many Temples with multiplicity of Idols and much variety of Ceremonies. The People believe themselves to be descended from a Chinese Dog and Woman, who only

escaping from shipwrack on that Coast in∣gendred, and thence they say it is that the Men are very ugly and not the Women, those taking after the Father, and these after the Mother. Sodomy being grown much in use among them, a Queen called Canane endeavouring to banish it, ordered that all should wear small Bells on the private Parts, thereby to incite them to the use thereof neglected by that horrid vice.

5. Garcia de Sa encouraged with the re∣lief brought by Anthony Correa, resolved to shew himself to the King of Bintam. He fitted 30 Ships, and in them 500 Men, whereof 150 were Portugueses, and gave the command of all to Anthony Correa. They sailed to the place where the King was lodged, which was defended by a Fort well mann'd and with much Cannon. The ac∣cess to it was guarded by many difficult Passes and Vessels well provided Our Men fell on, and the Moors stay'd not for a se∣cond attack, so the Fort was taken and in it 20 pieces of Cannon. The King re∣tired to the Town and the Portugueses fol∣lowed, and found him with 2000 Men and some armed Elephants. Mean while our Ships cleared all that hindred their going up the River, and then landing killed ma∣ny and put the rest to flight, the Town was first plundered and then burnt. The King flying on an Elephant, stopped not till he came to the Island of Bintam, where he continued long, wanting Courage and Necessaries to prosecute his hopes.

6. His success in the beginning of this War encouraged the Kings of Pacem and Achem to commit some outrages against the Portugueses. Garcia de Sa being now victo∣rious, set out a Ship commanded by Ma∣nuel Pacheco to take revenge of the harms sustained. After some success he sent out a Boat for water, rowed by Malayes with only five Portugueses in it, on a sudden they espied three Ships of Pacem with each 150 Men, the Commander made up to them before the others, and they finding it impossible to escape, boarded the Ship, and laid about them with such fury that they soon covered the Deck with dead Bodies of the Enemy, the rest leaped over-board, and after them the Captain, rather to punish them than save himself, being seen to hue them with his Cymater as he swam. The five Portugueses were left in possession of the Ship, which the other two perceiving fled. The King of Pacem terrified with this a∣ction offered Peace and Satisfaction for all the damage he had done, and so Emanuel Pacheco returned to Malaca with Honor, where the Ship taken was preserved as a monument of so notable an action. Duarte Coello was then ready to sail for China. More of him in its proper place, let us see what was done by the Commanders sent a∣broad by Iames Lopez de Sequeyra.

7. Iohn Gomez went to Maldivia to build a Fort there, but behaved himself with so much pride, that the Moors offended at it, fell upon and killed ten or twelve Por∣tugueses

he had with him. This is the Chief of a thousand Islands that lye in clusters in that Sea, and such is the signification of Mal∣divia. They lye like a long ridge of Moun∣tains, and about the middle of them is this great one, where the King resides. The Natives are Gentiles governed by Moors, and the distance between some of them so small that the Yard-arms grate against the Shoars, and Trees. They are stored with Coco-Trees, the inside whereof is pleasing Food, and the outward rine of use to make Ca∣bles. There is another sort of these Trees growing in the bottom of the Sea, the Fruit whereof is bigger than the Coco, and a greater antidote against Poison than Bezoar-stone.

8. Christopher de Sousa sent to the Coast of Dabul did much execution, not without some loss. Christopher de Sa in the Bay of Cambaya gave some trouble to Melique Az, obliging him to lay up his Fleet of Boats.

9. This year King Emanuel sent a Fleet of fourteen Ships to the relief of India, which was dispersed to several parts. The Commander in Chief George de Albuquerque and four more arrived in India. Six stay'd at Mozambique. Some fell into the Coast of Brasil where fifty of the Men were killed, and one of the Captains D' Luis de Guzman wickedly slew others and turned Pyrat, whereby he grew very rich and at last died as he deserved. One was drove back to Eisbon, another watering at Matira lost some Men, and six more at Oja, that King keep∣ing them long with kind entertainment, the

Ship sailed and left them, and was lost up∣on a Bank off of Quiloa, and the Moors of that Island, Monfia and Zanziber, slew all but one young Man. George de Albuquerque passed with much difficulty from Mozam∣bique to India, not able to follow Iames Lopez de Sequeyra to the Red-Sea, as he had sent order by Gonzalo de Louli, who by the way took up the Men that had been cast ashoar in the late Storms.

10. Iame Lopez de Sequeyra having di∣spatched * 1.6 the trading Ships homeward-bound, commanded by Ferdinando Perez de Andrade, and settled other Affairs, sailed from Goa on the 13th of February with a Fleet of 24 Sail, and in it 1800 Portugueses and al∣most as many Malabars and Canaras. On the Coast of Aden Lopez, his Ship struck up∣on a Rock and was broke in pieces, the Men were saved and he went into the Ga∣leon of Peter de Faria. At the entrance of the Red Sea they took a Moorish Ship, who informed them there were six Turkish Gal∣lies at Gidda with 1200 Men designing a∣gainst Aden The weather hindered going in search of them, and it had been to no purpose, for they hearing of our Fleet had haled in to the shoar. Iames Lopez designed for the Island Maçua, when by the way, on the 9th. of April being Easter-Sunday, there was seen by all in the orb of the Sun about the time of its setting, a little black Flag with some motion. Being arrived at the Island, they found the Inhabitants were fled, yet they found some Booty and Ves∣sels

in the Port, and some Prizes in the Neighbourhood. The Inhabitants of Ma∣çua were fled for refuge to the Port of Arquico belonging to Prester Iohn; the Go∣vernour of the Town sent a Messenger with a Letter to Iames Lopez, desiring he would make Peace with those People that had fled to his Protection. He asked nothing in behalf of the Town because they were all Christians, and because there was a Prophecy among them foretelling the coming of fo∣reign Christians to settle a correspondence with them, which he seeing the Christian colours looked upon to be fulfilled. Iames Lopez▪ returned a courteous answer, and stood in to the shoar, where some Chri∣stians came abroad to him. They told him their Prince Prester Iohn, had some years since, sent an Embassadour whose name was Matthew, to a King of the end of the World, whose Fleet then conquered India, to inform him of those remote Christians, and demand succour against the Moors, but that he never returned. Sequeyra hearing this, was convinced those Men dealt inge∣nuously, because he brought that Embas∣sadour with him, and had orders from King Emanuel to land him safe in his Prince's Do∣minions. The Embassadour was placed be∣fore them, who received him with great re∣spect and joy, which was no less in him for being restored to his Country after ten years absence. Next day came ten Religious Men from the neighbouring convent of the Vi∣sion with the same gladness to see him, they

were received by the Priests of the Fleet in their Surplices. There were great de∣monstrations of Joy for the Union of two so distant Nations agreeing in the same Faith, and the fruit of this meeting was, that those who from the beginning had not acknowledged the Supremacy of the Roman Church, now submitted to it.

CHAP. IV.

A continuation of the Government of James Lopez de Sequeyra, from the Year 1520 till the Year 1521, and reign of King Emanuel.

1. THE Kingdom of Prester Iohn, now discovered, is most known by this name, though improper, and is properly called the Kingdom of Abassia, or Empire of the higher Aethiopia. It was so called from that great Iovarus (corruptly Prester Iohn) who came to it from the Christians of Tartary, with a Cross before him like our Bishops. And this King carried a Cross in his hand, with the Title of Defender of the Faith, as being a Iacobite Christian. The Dominions of this Prince lye between the Rivers Nile, Astabora and Astapus. On the East it runs along the Red-Sea 120 Leagues, this being the least side, which in all con∣tain 670 Leagues. On the West it borders on those Blacks who possess the great Mines

of Gold, for which they pay him Tribute. On the North divided from the Moors, by a Line drawn from the City Suanquem to the Island Meroe, or Noba. On the South it borders on the Kingdom Adea, from whose mountains falls the River Obi, that loses it self in the Sea at the Town of Quilmance in the Kingdom of Melinde.

2. The Kings of Abassia pretend to be descended from Solomon and the Queen of Saba, she being delivered on the way, call∣ed the Child Meilech, and sent him to his Father to be by him declared King of Ethio∣pia, who when he anointed gave him the name of David his Grandfather. He or∣dered his Houshold, and gave him Offi∣cers of his own, and for High-Priest Azaria the Son of Sadoc, who stole the Tables of the Law out of the Temple, and carried them with his new Prince. They affirm, that the Descendants of those same Officers still possess the same Employs. They had knowledge of the Law of Christ by the means of Queen Candace, in whom they glory as being of their Country. But their true Apostles were S. Philip, and S. Matthew. The King, in memory of his Descent, begins his many Titles thus: David beloved of God, Pillar of the Faith, of Kin to the Stock of Iuda, Grandson of David, Son of Solomon, Son of the Pillar of Sion, Son of the Progeny of Iacob, Son of the Hand of Mary, &c. Em∣peror of the great and high Ethiopia, &c. The People are very religious, have many

Churches, and many Monasteries of only two Religious Orders, the one of S. Anthony, the other the Canon Regulars. They have no considerable Towns, little practice of Learning, no skill in Mechanicks, and so are very rude in their Diet and Cloathing. In such Houses as use more Grandeur, all the Furniture is of other Countries. There are as expert Thieves among them, as our Gypsies in Europe. The Religious Men who live in Convents wear long Habits of Cotton; the others and their Priests and Nuns, Skins, which does not cover as much as Modesty requires. Their Prince for the most part lives in the Field in a populous City of Tents, often removing. In his Messages he uses that style of Portugal; I the King greet you. This was what our Discoverers could then gather; let others say what is since found, and what Alterations have happened.

3. Now came the Barnagax or Governor of that Province, having received the News of the arrival of Matthew the Em∣bassador, and our Fleet. He appeared on the Shoar with two hundred Horse, and two thousand Foot. After some difference a∣bout the place for him and Iames Lopez to meet, they met on the Edge of the Water, and were seated on Chairs upon the Sand, which then burnt with the heat of the Sun; there Matthew the Embassador was deli∣vered, and with him D. Rodrigo de Lima, sent Embassador by King Emanuel to Prester Iohn. There they treated of building a

Fort either on the Island Camaran, or that of Maçua against the Moors. Lastly, they both swore the Sincerity of this Agreement on a Cross, and after they parted, sent some Presents on both parts. D. Rodrigo de Lima set forward on his Journey without Matthew, who soon after died in the Monastery of the Vision, which he had earnestly desired to reach. Iames Lopez erected a great Cross in that Port in memory of the arri∣val there of our Fleet, and caused many Masses to be said in the Mosque of Maçua. Hence he went to the neigbouring Island of Dalaca, and having burnt the City, deserted by its Inhabitants, stood over to the Coast of Arabia. One Galley and most of the Men were cast away by bad Weather, and he came to an Anchor at Calayate, where he found George de Albuquerque, who waited his coming, and going on to Mascate, left him to winter there with the Ships, and he went on with the Gallies to Ormuz.

4. Whilst our Governor was in the Red Sea, Chrisnarao, King of Bisnagar, covered the Hills and Plains, and drank up Rivers, with an Army of thirty five thousand Horse, and seven hundred thirty three thou∣sand Foot, five hundred eighty six Ele∣phants, loaded with Castles, in each of which were four Men, and twelve thousand Water-carriers, to supply all parts, that the Men might not dispe•…•…se to seek it. The Baggage was numberless, and there were above twenty thousand common Women. He led all this power to take the City Ra∣chol,

belonging of right to his Ancestors, who still left the Recovery of it as a Charge to their Successors, and was possessed by Hi∣dalcan, with whom to this effect he waged War.

5. The City Rachol was naturally almost impregnable, seated on a high Mountain, fortified with several Walls, and large and deep Ditches, strong Towers, stored with Artillery, and all other Defence, garrisoned by four hundred Horse, eight thousand Foot, and twenty Elephants, with Provi∣sion and Ammunition enough to tire the most patient Besiegers. Chrisnarao encam∣ped about it, and gave many Assaults to no effect for the space of three months, when Hidalcan came to the Relief with eighteen thousand Horse, one hundred and twenty thousand Foot, one hundred and fifty Ele∣phants, and much great Cannon. After many Preludes these two Princes came to a Battel, wherein at first Chrisnarao received great damage, but recovering himself, made such havock among Hidalcan's Men, that only those escaped the Sword, or Captivity, who at last moved pity in the very Enemy. The principal Booty consisted of four thou∣sand Horses, one hundred Elephants, four hundred great Cannon, besides the small, and other Riches. Here died valiantly forty Portugueses who were in the service of Hidalcan, who saved himself by flight. As Chrisnarao returned in a rage against the City, there came to his Camp Christopher de Figueredo, with twenty Portugueses, who

brought some Arabian Horses to sell to the King. They discoursed about the Siege, and he asked leave to view the place which was granted. He gave two Assaults, and being backed in the second by Crisnarao, the Town was enter'd. Crisnarao was puffed with this Victory when Hidalcan's Offi∣cers came to beg the Booty taken in the for∣mer. He answered, It should be restored, if Hidalcan came to kiss his Foot, as supreme Lord of the Empire of Canara. The base Condition was accepted, but the execution prevented by several Accidents. Ruy de Melo, who commanded at Goa, laying hold of this opportunity, possessed himself of the neigh∣bouring part of the Continent, with only two hundred and fifty Horse, and eight hun∣dred Canara Foot.

6. About this time Lope de Brito had suc∣ceeded Iohn de Silveyra in the Command of the Fort in Ceylon, and carried with him four hundred Soldiers, and many Work∣men, wherewith he made the Fort so strong, that it raised a Jealousie in the People of Columbo, who, at the instigation of the Moors, refused to trade with him. Brito sent them some Threats, which brought on him twenty thousand Men, who besieged him five months, during which time the besieged suffered great Hardships, till Anthony de Lemos arrived with fifty Men, with this small relief they ventured to fall upon that multitude, and putting all to the rout, the place was restored to its former quiet.

7. The season being fit to sail (which in those parts is very uncertain) Iames Lo∣pez set out from Ormuz, and went to meet George de Albuquerque at Calayate, where he found one Ship arrived from Lisbon, of nine that sailed thence together, all the o∣thers afterwards came safe. One of these Ships sailing before the Wind beyond the Cape of Good Hope, stopped all of a sudden, the Sails, tho full, giving her no motion. The Cause being examined into, it appear∣ed that a great Sea-Monster bore the Vessel upon its back, the Tail about the Rudder, and Head up with the Boltsprit, casting up Streams of Water. It was removed by Exorcisms, no human means being thought sufficient. The Sailers said it was the Fish called Sambrero or Hat-Fish, because the Head resembles it, and such a one, tho less, had been seen on the Coast of Portugal, doing great harm about Atouguia. The King ordered the Governor to build Forts in Maluco, Sumatra, Maldivia, Chaul, and Diu. Iames Lopez resolved to attempt the last first. To that effect he treated with Melique Az, but was put off with delays, and he dissembling, sailed for Cochin, to provide for his return thither, in order to gain by Force what the Moor endeavoured to put off by Art.

8. He dispatched the homeward bound trading Ships under the Command of An∣tony de Saldana. Being eased of this Care he applyed himself to that of the Attempt upon Diu. In order thereunto he gathered

the greatest Fleet of ours that had been seen on those Seas, consisting of forty eight Vessels of all sorts and Qualities, and in them three thousand Portugueses, and eight hundred Malabars and Canaras. A great Power lamentably disappointed as will ap∣pear in the Sequel

9. On the ninth of February, Iames Lo∣pez appeared with all his pomp before Diu, Melique Az was then absent, being gone to the King of Cambaya, to prevent him grant∣ing the leave he persuaded us to ask for building the Fort. And being suspicious this preparation was made against him, had fortified and intrenched the City in wonder∣ful manner. He had left in it against all Accidents his Son Melique Saca, and three stout Commanders with a strong Garrison. Our Governor having observed the Difficul∣ties, had it debated in Council what was fittest to be done, and all agreeing the City should not be assaulted, they all afterwards accused him because it was not done. And tho they allowed his Prudence in private, yet in publick accused him of Cowardise, but his Valour was well known. Besides they laid several Imputations upon him, so that the innocent Sequeyra suffered for their Crime, having acted nothing with that great Power, but only lost much Reputation. A misfortune (if it be lawful to say so) well deserved by Princes, who wink at such Crimes, and do not punish Faults commit∣ted through malice. Iames Lopez went to winter at Ormuz, some of the Captains to

several Markets, and D. Alexius de Meneses, with the rest of the Fleet, retired to Cochin, with power from the Governor to act as should be expedient in those parts.

10. D. Alexius, at his arrival at Cochin dispatched the trading Ships for Portugal, and others appointed for several places. But their chief Business being Merchandise, their Names are more proper for the Cu∣stom-House-Books. But because some of them were at Sumatra, it will be fit to give some short account of that Island.

CHAP. V.

A Continuation of the Government of James Lopez de Sequeyra, the Year 1521, and Reign of King Emanuel.

1. THE Island Sumatra lying North-West and South-East is in length two hundred and twenty Leagues, its great∣est Breadth being but seventy, the Equi∣noctial Line cuts it into two equal parts. It is divided from Malaca by a narrow Channel, by a less its most Southern Point is parted from Ia•…•…, which is above one hundred Leagues in length, and but twelve in breadth. East of it lies Borneo, cut by the Equinoctial, so that two Thirds are on the North-Side the Line. Sumatra is plain a∣bout

the Coast, the inland mountainous, watered by great Rivers, covered with vast Woods so condensed with Fogs, that all the Force the Sun has there cannot pierce them. For this reason it is very unhealthy, yet resorted to for its Riches, and chiefly plenty of Gold. There is in it a Spring of Oil, a burning Mountain like Aetna in Sicily, it produces white Sandal, Benjamin, Camphire, Pepper, Ginger, Cinnamon, abundance of Silk, much Fish and Cattle of sundry sorts. The Natives are Pagans; the Moors first came in as Merchants, then pos∣sessed themselves as Lords, since the year 1400. Of the Natives those they call Ba∣tas who inhabit the inland are most brutal, eating human flesh. The Moors dwell on the Coast. They use several Languages, but chiefly that of Malaca. Their Weapons were poisoned Arrows like those of Iava, from whom they are descended; afterwards they used our Arms. The Island is divided into nine Kingdoms, that of Pedir was once the greatest, now that of Pacem whose Kings are no longer lived than the Rabble pleases. George de Albuquerque now carried one of their Princes expelled, to restore him to his Crown, either by persuasion or by 〈◊〉〈◊〉 he having to this effect fled to the protection of the Portugueses, when Alfonso de Albuquerque took Malaca.

2. George Albuquerque arriving at the Island, and assisted by the neighbouring King of Ara, proposed to the Usurper to quit the Kingdom to the lawful Prince,

who had submitted himself to the King of Portugal. Genial the Usurper offered the same submission to keep his possession. The Offer was refused, and Albuquerque went to attack him in his Fort, which was scaled, and the Gate broke open, but va∣liantly maintained by thirty Men who were in a Tower over it with the Usurper him∣self, till Cid Cerveyra with a Musket Shot, which went through his Forehead, brought him down, whereupon the thirty Men dis∣mayed and fled. The Flower of three thou∣sand Moors (assaulted by three hundred of our Men) courageously defended a large Court or place of Arms, assisted by the E∣lephants. Hector de Silveyra directing his Lance to the Trunk of one, the Beast put it by, and laying hold of his Body threw him into the Air, but so fortunately, that he lived. Two others succeeded better, one killing the Rider, the other wounded the Elephant, so that he flew back, making great havock among his own party. The Moors retired to a lesser place, and being close pursued, the King of Aru coming on to our assistance in due time, two thou∣sand of the Enemy were slain. Four or five Men of Note were killed on our side, many wounded, George de Albuquerque twice in the Face. Next day the dispossessed Prince was restored with great state, and made tributary to King Emanuel, and a Fort raised there as in other places.

3. At this time arrived at the same Port Antony de Brito with the Fleet that

had been commanded by his Brother George, who with the choice of his Men was killed on the shoar of Achem, twenty Leagues distant from Pacem, and was sent thither with six Sail, and three hundred Men. Behold an example of Avarice and Ingratitude. Iohn de Borba, after suffering Shipwrack, having been tossed nine days on the Waves with nine Companions, and cast upon the shoar of Achem, was received and relieved by that King, as if he had been in his native Country. But George de Brito ar∣riving, he informs him there was great store of Gold in the Tombs of the Kings, and the more to induce him to commit the Robbery, said the King had taken a∣way the Goods of some Portugueses. Brito, after some inquiry into the Business, began to pick a quarrel with the King, and seise upon that Gold. He landed with two hun∣dred Men, and finding a Fort in his way, took it. Two Drunken Men issuing out after the taking were killed by the Enemy, and several succeeding to relieve or revenge them, George de Brito was at last obliged to come to their Succour at such time as the King came on with a thousand Men and six Elephants. Here Brito and most of his Men were killed, among them fifty of Note. This is the just Reward of Injustice, Ingratitude and Avarice. The sad Re∣mainder retired to their Ships, the Com∣mand whereof fell to Antony de Brito, (Bro∣ther to him slain) who now joined Albu∣querque in the Port of Pacem, where he left

some Men, and three Ships which were af∣terwards of use against a Moor who in∣fested that Coast.

4. George de Albuquerque returning to Ma∣laca, and taking possession of that Com∣mand, prepared to make War upon the King of Bintam, who was forty Leagues distant from Malaca, in the Island Bintam of forty Leagues circumference. The Island was well fortified, having two strong Castles, and the Rivers staked, so that it seemed almost inaccessible. Albuquerque set out from Malaca with eighteen Sail, and six hundred Men. Finding it impossible for the Ships to come up, he landed his Men in Boats to attack a Fort, but the Water being up to their middles, and the Enemies shot very thick, they were forced to retire without doing any execution, and having lost twenty Men, and many wounded.

5. Hence Antony de Brito set sail for the Maluco Islands, which are in the midst of many others under the Equinoctial, about three hundred Leagues from Malaca East∣ward. The principal of them are five, a∣bout twenty five Leagues distant from each other. Their Names (tho in general call∣ed Malucos) are Ternate, Tidore, Mousell, Maquien, Bacham. The biggest not above six Leagues in circumference. They are covered with Woods and Fogs, therefore unhealthy. These five produce •…•…ves, but no manner of Food, and th•…•…and Batochina, sixty Leagues in length, pro∣duces

Food but no Cloves. In some there are flaming Mountains, chiefly in Ternate. Their chief Sustenance is Meal made of the Bark of Trees like to the Palm, from these and others they have Wine and Vine∣gar. There is a sort of Canes that in the hollow have a Liquor delightful to drink. The Inhabitants are not great Lovers of Flesh, though they have plenty; more of Fish, of which there is an infinite quantity. They are not affable, but warlike, and most swift either in running or swimming. Idolaters as to their Religion. Of their Origen there is no account. They were in process of times possessed by Moors, since whose first coming to them there was yet living an old Master when Brito ar∣rived.

6. To these Islands, and particularly Ter∣nate, Brito was sent to build a Fort, which long since Boylefe the King thereof had desired. Others had gone before but to no effect, as in the time of Albuquerque, Antony de A∣breu, who lost one of the three Ships he carried, but saved the Men. He arrived in the Island Banda; five go under this name, but it is most proper to the chief, which is like an earthly Paradice, one great Orna∣ment of it being the Plant which produces the Mace. Antony de Abreu returned to Malaca, but his other Captain Francis Ser∣ram was drove to Ternate, the King where∣of seeing him, and some of his Men in Armour, concluded a Prophecy was ful∣filled, which foretold, that Men of Iron

should come to that Island, who would make it famous. Anthony de Miranda went thi∣ther afterwards, Francis Serram staying there to expect an answer from King Emanuel, to the Letters of the Kings of Ternate and Tidore each striving to have the Fort built in this •…•…sland. D▪ Tristane de Meneses after∣wards carried this answer. Because the difference increased about the same thing between the two Kings and the King of Ba∣chan who desired the same, Tristan defferred the work to avoid the danger, and get load∣ing for five Ships he had with him. This was what happened from the taking of Ma∣laca, till this time when Anthony de Brito undertook the Affairs of Maluco.

7. He had six Ships and above 300 Men. At the Island Agacim he met D. Gar∣cia Enriquez with four Sail. They set out together, and Brito arrived at Ternate at such time as the King Boleyfe was dead, and he of Tidore had admitted to the Spaniards, thinking himself as happy in them, as Ter∣nate could be in the Portugueses. Yet see∣ing the Queen of Ternate Governess of her Son, received Brito with great Joy, he vi∣sited and finding him displeased on account of the new Guests he had entertained, of∣fered to deliver them up to him. This he thought would oblige him to build the Fort at Tidore, which at length was done at Ter∣nate as the most convenient, Brito laying the first Stone, and after him all the Cap∣tains and Men of note crowned with Gar∣lands, it being upon the Feast of St. Iohn the Baptist.

8. At this time a Correspondence was held between Francis Serram at Ternate and Ferdinando de Magallanes in Portugal, which turned to the advantage of Spain, and trou∣ble of Portugal. Magallanes, or as he is com∣monly called among us Magellan, was a Gentleman of good Note, a Man of Va∣lour, and Knight of Santiago, and had ser∣ved well at Azamor in Africk, and in sun∣dry parts of India. He solicited for a sort of allowance (given usually to Men of ser∣vice in Spain and Portugal) very inconsi∣derable for the value, but of much esteem for the honour of it. With much Justice he might pretend to it, and therefore find∣ing a refusal, proceeding from the malici∣ous accusations of some Men, which found more Credit than his Service, he resolved to quit the Kingdom, and go over to the Emperour Charles the V. his Service. By his skill in Sea-Affairs, and the Correspon∣dence he held with Serram at Maluco, he guessed there might be another way to In∣dia, and this at such time as the Spaniard had began to taste the Fruit of those Islands, and accordingly he writ to Serram that he hoped soon to be his Guest at Ternate, go∣ing thither a new way. In order hereunto he went and offered his Service in Spain, was admitted, and the command of five Ships given him, with 250 Men, some of them Portugueses. He sailed from the Port of St. Lucar de Barrameda on the 20th. of Sep∣tember 1519. Many at this time took the liberty to rail and cast reproaches upon

him, but he to take off the occasion, had by a solemn act unnaturalized himself. Princes should be cautious of forcing to desperate actions by injustice, such Men as have de∣served rewards.

9. These Ships being past the Rio de Ia∣neyro on the Coast of Brasil, the Men be∣gan to be mutinous, but much more when having passed the River S. Iulian, they found not the Streight they looked for, and be∣gan to be pinched with the great cold of that Climat. Hence proceeded some dis∣respectful discourses against Magellan, not only reflecting on his Knowledge, but al∣so his Fidelity. He finding it run high, and that of necessity he must give them some satisfaction, suppressing the best he could the anger that began to swell his Breast, called together the Principal Men, to whom he made a large and learned dis∣couse. He spoke of Navigation in general, then of Discoveries, and the Pains and Hardships that great Undertakings are sub∣ject to, he encouraged them by the example of all the great Discoverers that had been before them, he put them in mind that the World would say the Spaniards were less daring than the Portugueses, and after pro∣posing many motives of Honour and Glory, concluded with threatning to put in execu∣tion the Power of Life and Death the King had given him, and accordingly to punish such as were refractory. This, instead of a Compliance, produced fresh Disputes, more Disagreement and finally a Conspiracy to

kill Magellan, thinking no other means were left to prevent the prosecution of this Voy∣age. The Chief Conspirators were three Captains Cartagene, Quixada, and Mendoça. The Design was discovered, and Mendoça immediately stabbed, and after quartered, the other two were taken, and Quixada quartered alive, both as Traytors. Carta∣gena with a Priest who had a hand in the Design were set ashoar on that barbarous Coast: most of the Men were in the Con∣spiracy, but it was necessary to pardon them, least he should want them to prosecute the Voyage. Whilst they wintered there, he sent some Men into the Country, who went up about twenty Leagues, and brought some of the Natives of the stature of Giants, being above three yards high. After suf∣fering much through Cold and Hunger, and continual Labour in the Ships, being almost spent, they reached the Cape they called De las Virgenes, or, Of the Virgins, because discovered on the Day of the 11000 Vir∣gins. It lies in 52 Degrees of South La∣titude. Below it they discovered the mouth of the Streight they looked for, b•…•…∣ing a League wide. Being entred, they found within in some places the same bredth, in others somewhat more, and in others much less. The Land high on both sides, part bare and part covered with Woods, many of Cypress, and much Snow which made the tops of the Mountains appear the higher. Having run about 50 Leagues in this Streight they spied another, and Ma∣gellan

sent one Ship to discover it, but ha∣ving staid much beyond the limited time for her return and no news of her, he or∣dered the Astrologer Andrew Martin to e∣rect a Figure, and he answered they were gone back to Spain, and that the Captain Alvaro de Mesquita was carried as a Pri∣soner for opposing that resolution. It pro∣ved so, and they spent eight Months in the Voyage. Magellan somewhat troubled at this action, called the Chief Men to Council, and contrary to the Opinions of all resol∣ved to proceed. Which he put in execu∣tion and came out into the South Sea with only three Ships of the five, that which Iohn Serrano commanded being lost, but the Men though with much difficulty all saved.

10. To shun the Cold which tormented them, he sailed towards the Equinoctial, steering W. N W. and being 1500 Leagues from the mouth of the Streight, found an Island in 18 Degrees of South Latitude, and 200 Leagues farther another. Having lost his computation for the Malucos, he found several Islands in 15 Degrees and a half of North Latitude, and at last came to that called Subo in 10 Degrees of North Latitude, being about 12 Leagues in cir∣cumference. He was well received by the King and the Natives, and so good a dispo∣sition he found among them, that the King, Queen, their Children, and above 800 Per∣sons were baptized. This Prince was at War with a Neighbour, and made use of

Magellan's Assistance against him. After two Victories he was killed in a third Bat∣tle, together with the Astrologer and some others, on the 27th. of April 1521. The King who in Baptism was called Ferdinand, seeing that slaughter, agreed with his Ene∣my to kill all the Christians that were a∣shoar, and inviting them to Dinner poy∣soned them all. They who were aboard being too few for three Ships, burnt one, and set sail with the other two, one of them the famous Victory commanded by Iohn Se∣bastian Cano. They arrived at the Malucos, and were received at Tidore by the King, in hatred of the Portugueses and Ternaten∣ses for their late Differences. There they loaded with Spice, and went thence to Ban∣da, where they took in more with the As∣sistance of Iohn de Lourosa a Portugues. The second Ship returned to Ternate, some of the Men being dead, and the rest spent by a contagious Disease. Antony de Brito trea∣ted them as if they had been his Country∣men, not intruding Strangers, relieved and sent them to India, whence they returned in our Ships to their Country. The fa∣mous Ship the Victory returned with triumph to Spain, after performing that wonderful Voyagé about the World. Their arrival raised new Contests between the Empe∣rour Charles the V. and our King Iohn the III. because the Maluco Islands belong∣ed to Portugal, according to the former a∣greement. The Year 1524. there was a meeting of Civilians and Geographers, a∣bout

this Affair between Badajoz and Elvas, which fell to nothing. But was afterwards setled in the Year 1525.

CHAP. VI.

Continues still the government of James Lopez de Sequeyra and reign of King Emanuel.

1. IT is absolutely necessary something be * 1.7 said of those Captains who the fore∣going years were sent to several parts, tho' what they did was in relation to Trade, a subject unbecoming a grave History. Fer∣nan Perez de Andrade had secured the Trade of China in the City Quantung. The profit was exceeding great, and all Mens desires were directed thither. His Brother Simon de Andrade obtained leave of the Governour to undertake that Voyage with five Ships. They anchored in the Port of the Island Tamou, opposite to Quantung where the o∣ther had been. Our Embassadour to the King of China was not yet gone thence, but went soon after up a large River with three Vessels richly furnished with Portugues Colours, it being a received Custom that none but those of China should be seen there, which are Gules a Lyon Rampant. In this manner he came to the foot of the Moun∣tain, in which are the Springs of the River he sailed. This Mountain is called Malex∣am,

which beginning at the Bay of Couchin china in the Province of Fokien, divides three Southern Provinces, that is, Quangsi, Quan∣tung and Fokien, as the Perineans, Spain and France. In one of the only two Ports there are in this division Thomas Perez landed, and travelled Northwards to the Province and City Nanking, where the King then was, having spent four Months in the Jour∣ney without staying at any place. So large is that Empire. That Prince designed to give him audience at Peking, a City farther distant. The Embassadour followed. But now appear the effects of trading avarice, for whilst he travelled, Simon de Andrade behaved himself after such a manner in the Island Tamou, that an account of his bad proceedings was sent after Thomas Perez. The Embassadour set out, but the Informa∣tion reached the King first, and was fully credited. He and his Companions were condemned to death as Spies. The rigour of the Sentence was mitigated, but the Em∣bassy not received, and they sent back Pri∣soners to Quantung, with order, that in case the Portugueses would restore Malaca to its King, who was a subject to China, they they might be restored and heard, other∣wise these should be punished, and none ever admitted, but treated as Enemies.

2. Simon de Andrade was proud and con∣ceited, and thought by high Hand to au∣thorize his unjust dealing. To this end, as if he had been King of that Island, he raised a Fort, and set up a Gallows to terrify the

People. He committed violence upon the Merchants who resorted thither, contrary to their Privileges, and bought young People of both Sexes without the usual precautions, giving occasion to Thieves to steal them from their Parents. These extravagancies which lost nothing by the carriage, were heard by the King before Thomas Perez, and had the effect above related. At this time arrived there Iames Calva with one Ship from Lisbon, and others from Malaca. The Portugueses agree in acting more insolently, which wholly exasperated the Governours of Quantung, who to punish them, secured some, and contrived to take the Ship arri∣ved last. They began to act when Duarte Coello arrived with two Vessels from Malaca, well manned and provided. The Itao or Admiral of that Sea, attacked them with fifty Sail, did some, and received greater damage from our Artillery, was forced to retire, and lying off, kept them besieged. Forty Days he had kept them in, when Ambrose del Rego came with two Ships more from Malaca, and it was resolved to force their way through Itaos's Fleet, and get out of the Island. The Fight was bloody, but a Storm rising dispersed the Enemies Fleet and left ours in safety. The Itao revenged this Disaster upon some of our People that arrived there, and upon the Embassadour, Thomas Perez and his Companions who be∣ing returned to Quantung were all slain and robbed of the Present sent to that King, and what Perez had gained. We will not

pass it in silence to show how great was the return of this Trade, for this Man being of base Parentage, and by Trade an Apothecary (though chosen for Embassadour for his good Parts) yet at this time there was found with him 2000 weight of Rhubarb, 1600 pieces of Damask, 400 of other Silks, above 100 ounces of Gold, and 2000 of Silver, three quarters of a hundred of loose Musk, and above 3000 Purses of it, at first called Papos, and much other Merchandise.

3. Mocrin King of Lasah refused to pay the tribute due to the King of Ormuz for the Islands of Baharem and Catifa, on the Coast of Arabia; and he of Ormuz was backward in paying us, excusing himself with the fai∣lure of the other. He had already sent a considerable Force with some Assistance of Portugueses to reduce him, but to no effect. He now resolved to do it effectually, and treated about it with Iames Lopez de Se∣queyra, who to secure our tribute, consented to assist him against his Enemy. The King of Ormuz set out 200 Vessels with 3000 Arabs and Persians. The Portugues party consisted of seven Ships and 400 Men, commanded by Anthony Corea. All our Ships arrived at Baharem, Raez Xaraso comman∣ded the Ormuzians, some whereof came not up. Mocrin was well prepared to receive them with 300 Arabian Horse, 400 Persian Archers, 20 Turkish Musquetiers besides Na∣tives, and above 11000 armed with seve∣ral Weapons, strong Intrenchments and o∣ther Works, the Wall well furnished with

Cannon, all under the Care of tried Com∣manders.

The Persian Gulph lies between Arabia and Persia, from which last, as the noblest, it takes its name. This most famous Part be gins at Cape Iasque, or Carpela, in twenty six degrees of Northern Latitude, and ends at the Mouth of the River Euphrates; along this Coast are many Cities, Rivers, Woods and Islands. It is not so on the other side, which beginning at C. Mozandan, or Assa∣borum, and ending where it meets with Persia, yet in all that distance has but four Towns, in which is a Fishery of Pearl. Catifa is opposite to Baharem, and is thirty Leagues round, and seven in length, distant from Ormuz one hundred and ten. Its greatest product is Tamarins, but has all other Fruit that is usual in Spain. The greatest Town is of the same Name, there being in the Island about three hundred Villages. The Inhabitants are Moors and Arabs, the Air unhealthy. The Pearl found here, tho not so much in quantity, is of more value than that of Ceylon in India, or Hainan in China. Opposite to the Island on the Continent is the City Lasah, where∣of Mocrim was King, who now was pro∣vided against us at Baharem.

5. Raez Zarafo was ordered to relieve where he should see the greatest need, whilst Correa landed with one hundred and seventy Portugueses, to which his Brother Ayres carried the Van with fifty, all of them knee-deep in Water. The Trenches as∣saulted,

the Fight was hot, the King en∣couraging his Men at the Head of them, till Weariness and Heat obliged both parties to take breadth. Being recovered, they return to the Attack, and the King being shot through the Thigh, whereof six days after he died, his Men fainted, and great numbers being killed, and wounded, they left us a complete Victory. Raez Xarafo from his Vessel looked on all the time. But after knowing the dead Body of the King was carried over to be buried at Lasah, he obtained leave to go take it, and ha∣ving performed it, cut off the Head which was carried to Ormuz. We had many wounded, seven killed, and the Island in two hours was restored to our Homager. For this reason Antony Correa had the Title of Baharem added to his Name, and the Head of a King to his Arms, which con∣tinues in his posterity.

6. Whilst our Arms were exercised at Baharem, they were not idle in India. They assisted the King▪ of Cochin against him of Calicut, who braved it with two hundred thousand Men, the other having but forty thousand. The Portugues Aid being but forty Men, thirty of them Musquetiers yet so terrified the Enemy, that they retired, Iames Fernandez de Beja, who was left by the Governor before Diu, now came to him to Ormuz, ill treated by the Vessels of Melique Az, whose double dealing was now visible. Iames Lopez thought to mitigate the Grief of this Accident, by another more

grateful, and brought new Trouble upon himself at Ormuz, thinking to prevent the Frauds of that Custom-House. To this effect he placed Portugues Officers in it, which so exasperated the Natives, who were con∣cerned, that thev endeavoured to shake off our Yoke, as shall appear in its proper place.

7. Now Iames Lopez designed to reassume the Business against Diu, and therefore sent before Iames Fernandez de Beja, with four Galeons, to hinder any Ships entring that Port, he executed it effectually, and took some. But Melique Az his Vessels coming out with much Cannon and better Fortune, they sunk one of our Ships, and did much damage in the others, till the Wind, which had failed, favouring, they were obliged to retire. With like Fortune Iames Lopez drew near for having taken a Ship by the way, and divided the Moors were in her a∣mong his, those who were allotted to An∣tony Correa, set fire to the Powder, which blew the Poop into the Air, and sunk the Vessel, so miserably ended that brave Cap∣tain who had triumphed over King Mocrin. These Misfortunes obliged Iames Lopez to desist from the Enterprise, and go over to Chaul.

8. Here he found Ferdinando Camelo, who∣came from the Court of Nizamaluco, with leave for us to build a Fort there, for his own ends, and chiefly for the importation of Horses, which at that time was the Trade of Goa only. The Work was begun,

and Melique Az fearing it would lessen the Trade of Diu, and encrease our Power, resolved to obstruct it. He appeared in the Sea of Chaul, with above fifty Vessels of his own and Confederates, and presently sunk a great Ship in which Peter de Silva de Mene∣ses was newly come from Ormuz, and for for the space of twenty days did much da∣mage in the Ships and Gallies, wherewith D. Alexius de Meneses opposed them. Not∣withstanding all dangers the Work was car∣ried on with good success.

9. But it being necessary for the Gover∣nor to repair to Cochin, because his Succes∣sor was arrived, and he must prepare to re∣turn home, he set out of Dabul, rushing through the Dangers that surrounded the Work. He left his Nephew Henry de Mene∣ses to command the Fort, and Antony Cor∣rea at Sea.

10. Whilst Iames Lopez sailed to Cochin, Ag•…•… Mahamud, who commanded Melique Az his Fleet, came to hinder the Work of the Fort. To secure the Entrance of the Ri∣ver there was raised opposite to the Work a Bulwark, which was committed to the Care of Peter vaz Permeo, with upwards of thirty Men, Mahamud sent three hundred by night to surprize this Bulwark, whilst he on the other side gave a Diversion. They reached the place by morning, and the three hundred unexpectedly assaulted the thirty, and the thirty fought as if they had been three hundred; for tho the Captain and some others were killed, they main∣tained

the place till Ruy Vaz Pereyra came with sixty Men, and put to flight about two hundred of the Enemy, the rest being killed. This Success daunted our Enemies, and among them Xeih Mamud a great Man in the City, who feigning himself our Friend, sought our Ruin, and now sent a Present, and to congratulate for this good Fortune with Antony Correa. Correa, who knew his Designs, sent him for an Answer the Heads of the chief Men who carried the Present, and hanged the Bodies along the Shoar. The Barbarian was astonished, but began to act openly what before he had done underhand, encouraging the Aga by giving him intelligence of our Scarcity of Ammunition, but then arrived D. Luis de Meneses, to whom Correa gave up the Com∣mand. Mean while Iames Lopez de Se∣queyra with his Ships set out from Cochin for Portugal. He governed three years, was of a ruddy Complexion, a white Beard, is painted with a Truncheon in his Hand, a Coat of Mail, his Cap and upper Garment black, the Sleeves, Lining and Breeches blew. He was the fourth Governor.

CHAP. VII.

The Government of D. Duarte de Mene∣ses, in the Year 1522, when began the Reign of King John III.

1. D. Duarte de Meneses,. now Governor of India, tho sent the year before * 1.8 by King Emanuel, entered not upon the Government till the twenty second of Ia∣nuary of this year, King Iohn III. being on the Throne, whose Father died the thir∣teenth of December foregoing. He brought with him twelve Ships. Having taken the Government, and sent the Commanders to their Posts, he began to feel the effects of his Predecessors, putting Portugues Officers into the Custom-House of Ormuz. He received advice the Moors had taken Arms, killed some Men, and besieged the Fort. D. Luis his Brother was immediately sent with relief, and Simon de Andre made Com∣mander of Chaul, who began his Charge with taking two Turkish Gallies, and a Vi∣ctory in Dabul, which reduced that City to pay Tribute. Melique Az. terrified with this Success, and the arrival of D. Luis, of whose Actions in Africk he was informed, withdrew his Vessels from before Chaul.

2. The Cause of D. Luis his going to Or∣muz was the Insurrection which was occa∣sioned by the avarice of the Portugues Of∣ficers there. Iames Lopez had placed them there against his Will in Obedience to the King's Commands, and at the persuasion of Men who loved Novelties, and said the reason the Tribute of Ormuz was not well paid, was, that the Officers cheated the King, to prevent which it was convenient to place Portugueses in their stead, To the avarice u∣sed by the Portugueses was added, the Vio∣lence they offered to the persons and honor of those people, forcing their Daughters, and Wives from them. D. Garcia Coutino then commanded that Fort, with whom that King conferred about sending a Present and Embassy to our King to obviate the In∣conveniences that Innovation produced. This Means was prevented, and so it broke out to the great loss of the Portugueses. For sudddenly by night they were attacked by Sea and Land with Fire and Sword at Or∣muz, Baharem, Mascate, Curiate and Soar, by private Order from the King, and a∣bove one hundred and twenty of them killed Ruy Boto was put to great Torments by the Moors in defence of the Faith. At morning some of our Men died, endea∣vouring to relieve others. All things being disposed the best the time would permit, and the Ships secured under the shelter of the Fort, D. Garcia sent advice to the Governor. Mean while he was besieged, had two Vessels burnt, and feared Hunger and

Thirst. Tristan Vaz de Vega, and Manuel de Sousa received advice hereof at Mascate, and prepared to carry Relief. Tristan Vaz arrived first, and made his way to the Fort through one hundred and sixty Sail that lay before it. Two days after appeared Manuel de Sousa's Ship at an anchor two Leagues off. It was dangerous for the Fort to relieve him, and dangerous for all if he was not relieved. Tristan Vaz with his Ship ventured to his Aid through the hundred and sixty Sail of Enemies; eighty of them pursued him, making way with full Sails, and Manuel de Sousa thinking him an Ene∣my did some harm, till undeceived. he was taken into the Ship. The King of Ormuz in a rage lays a heap of Gold on one side, and a heap of Womens Attire on the o∣ther, the one for such as should take Tri∣stan and Emanuel Prisoners, the other •…•…or such as behaved themselves not couragi∣ously. Some being covetous of the Re∣ward, and others fearful of the Disgrace, they manned one hundred and thirty Ves∣sels, and set upon that one, which through Showers of Bullets and Arrows made its way to the Fort, and brought new Life to the besieged with the Relief it had on Board.

3. The King of Ormuz began to despair of shaking off the Portugues Yoke, and fearing the punishment of his Revolt, exe∣cuted one more grievous upon himself than he could have received from those he had offended. He resolved to quit the City, and

go over to the Island Queixome, which lies fifteen Leagues in length, close to the Per∣•…•… Shoar, and three Leagues from Ormuz, is fruitful, but not healthy. Privately he commanded all the Inhabitants to follow him, and then barbarously set fire to that beautiful City, which was four Days and Nights burning. And yet some Gentlemen from our Fort held intelligence with the King, advising how he should behave him∣self with the next Governour to be restored, and this they did in hopes to be inriched by him. Our Men, tho astonished at this bru∣tal Action were delivered from the danger of the Siege, and going out to see if any thing were left in the City, only found Wa∣ter in Cisterns, and Fire in all the Houses. Soon after came in a Ship from India with Provisions, and another with Ammunition.

4. D. Luis de Meneses sent by the Gover∣vernor his Brother to Ormuz, did nothing of Note by the way, but arrived at the Town of Soar with ten Sail. This Town they destroyed with Fire and Sword, and then gave it to Xec•…•… Hozem to hold of the King of Portugal. Mean while his own Favou∣rites murdered the King of Ormuz at Queixome, and crowned Mamud Xa, a Youth of thirteen years of Age, Son to the late King.

5. D. Luis arrived at Queixome, and after several Designs that took no effect, came to a•…•… Treaty with the new King. It was agreed, that the King should return to Ormuz, that he should pay the former Tri∣bute

of twenty thousand Xeraphins, and the Arrears due, that the Portugues Com∣manders should not meddle with the Go∣vernment of his City, and to conclude all that King sent D. Luis a Present of Pearls, Gold, Jewels and Silks for our King, and another for himself, which he accepted not but to be sent with the other, as was pub∣lickly done. Then D. Luis dispatched three Ships for Goa, which were to take lading there for Portugal. One of them perished in a violent storm on the Coast of Mascate. D. Luis followed soon after, and came to Goa.

6. He found the Governor his Brother, and all the City, in Tears, for the Death of King Emanuel, the News whereof was brought by one of three Ships that came from Portugal this year, whereof two had wintered at Mozambique. The Gover•…•…or went over to Cochin, to dispatch the trading Ships for Portugal and other parts. At this time D. Pedro de Castro was not idle at Mo∣zambique; for being informed by Iohn de Mata, who commanded that Fort, that the Island Querimba, and the adjacent, denied the Tribute to those of Zanzibar and Pemba, whereby they were disabled from paying theirs to us, he went to Querimba with an hundred Men, and after a sha•…•…p Fight burnt the City, and obliged the Lord of it to pay the Tribute, the others terrified by this Example submitted. At his return he wasi n great danger by Storms and Hunger, and his Cousin D. Christopher killed by the Blacks

who defended the Fruit of certain Trees, which our Men were carried to taste by Hunger, not Curiosity. D. Diego de Melo went now with him to Goa. D. Pedro's Ship being at an Anchor in that Port, sud∣denly sunk down right, being very old, whereby it appears there is no Security in things that are aged.

7. D. Duarte set out for Ormuz with •…•…ix Sail, two of them Gallies, which on the Coast of Diu took a rich Ship coming from Pegu. Which lying between them in the night, the Moors perceived her sinking, and the Men in our Gallies asleep, so they furiously rushed into one of them, and our Men fled to the other, who seeing the Moors flie with their Vessel, and the other sink, took no notice, so that more Credit was lost by this Action than had been gain∣ed before. Melique Saca, Lord of Diu, af∣terwards had this Galley laid up, as if taken by his Vessels. About this time Iohn Rodri∣guez de Noronha, who commanded at Ormuz, pressed that King to come thither from Queixome to live, as he had agreed with D. Luis de Meneses, it was effected with the Death of one of his Favourites, killed by a bold Moor, whom D. Luis had hired before his Departure.

8. Don Duarte being arrived at Ormuz, examined who were the deepest in the late Rebellion; and it appeared they were found most guilty who had the least Power. For Raez Xarafo a mighty Man, and the very Soul of those Troubles was rewarded; and

Raez Xamexir who (according to agree∣ment with D. Luis) had killed Raez X•…•…∣dim, another Tyrant over those Kings, was banished instead of receiving the promised Reward. The young King not protected by the Innocence of his Years, had the Tri∣bute laid on him of thirty five thousand Xeraphins besides the former twenty five thousand, which he could not pay when the City flourished, and must now pay so much more when it was ruined Whilst this was acted at Ormuz, D. Luis sailed to∣wards the Red Sea, whither his Brother sent him with nine Ships, one whereof perished at Zocotora. On the Coast of Arabia he took and plundered the Town of Xaer, be∣cause they refused to restore the Goods of a Portugues who died there. At Verruma he burnt some Ships, then battered the City Aden, he entred the Red Sea, but did no∣thing considerable, and so returned to Or∣muz, where he found his Brother the Go∣vernor, with whose Proceedings there he was so much dissatisfied, that he left him, and sailed for Diu, but being forced back by the Weather to Ormuz, kept him company to India. There they found two Ships of nine that came out this year from Lisbon.

9. That part of the Continent about Goa, which belonged to Hidalcan, and was taken from him by Ruy de Melo, whilst he was busied with the War of Narsinga, was now lost by Francis Pereyra Pestana, Hidal∣can having no other Care but the Recovery thereof. Pestana was brave, and opposed

the Enemies Power. Ferdinando Rodriguez Barba obtained a signal Victory over them. Five thousand Foot and four hundred Horse of them were after defeated by Ferdinando and An•…•…z Sotomayor, with few Foot and only thirty Horse. Nevertheless by de∣grees the Country return'd to the Obedience of Hidalcan, and was confirmed to him by the late Treaty of Peace.

10. D. Duarte de Meneses began to in∣quire into such things as related to S Tho∣mas the Apostle, a particular Care of our Kings. This was what could now and some time after be discovered. In the year 1517, certain Portugueses sailed with an Ar∣menian, and landing at Paleacate of the Province of Coromandel in the Kingdom of Bisnagar, he invited them to go visit the place where were the Ruins of many Build∣dings, the Stones of several Colours, still retaining the Footsteps of Grandeur and Art. In the middle was a Chappel entire, of indifferent Structure, on the inside and outside whereof were carved many Crosses, like to the antient ones of the military Or∣der of Alcantara, which is Fleury Fitched. A Moor resided there, who coming thither blind, miraculously recovered his sight. He said, That his Forefathers lighted that holy Body: that there was a Tradition that Church (whereof only this part was stand∣ing) was built by the same Saint when he preached the Christian Faith there, and that there were buried with him two of his Disciples, and a King converted by his

Miracles. Upon this Information D. Du∣arte sent thither Emanuel de Faria or Frias, and a Priest and Mason to repair the Chap∣pel, opening the Foundation of one side that was like to fall about the depth of an Ell they found a Stone-Tomb with an In∣scription, containing, That when Thomas built that Church, the King of Miliapor gave him the Duties of all Merchandize imported, which was the Tenths. Going deeper they found a Hollow in which it was reported the Saint lay. Here they found between two Stones a Body and the two ends of a Lance, the But and Spear. These were believed to be the Bones of the Apostle, because those of the King and Disciple also found were not so white. They were put into a China Chest, and the others into another, and hid in the Altar. Inquiry being made, it appeared by the an∣cient Records of the Kingdom, that it was above fifteen hundred years since the Saint came to that City called Meliapor, then in a flourishing Condition, in and about which there was a Tradition there had been three thousand three hundred stately Churches, that it was then twelve Leagues from the Sea, the Ruins being now upon the very Shore. That the Saint had said, When the Sea should reach thither, a People would come from the West, and preach the same Faith he did. That he converted the King and all his Family, dragging out of the Sea a vast piece of Timber, which all the Force of Elephants, and Art of Men could not

move, the King coveting it for his Build∣ings, and the Apostle for the Church. That a Bramen chief Priest to the King, envious of his Miracles, had killed his own Son, and accused the Saint of the Murder, but he restoring the Child to life caused him to say who was the Murderer. An Armenian Bishop who had spent twenty years in vi∣siting the Christians of the inland of Cou∣lam, swore he found what follows in their Writings, That the twelve Apostles being dispersed through the World, Thomas, Bar∣tholomew, and Iudas Thaddeus came toge∣ther to Babilon, and there parted. That the last preached in Arabia, since possessed by the Moors, the other in Persia, and was buried in a Convent of Armenian, religious Men near the City Tabris; and the first em∣barquing at Baçora, on the Banks of Eu∣phrates, crossed the Persian Gulph, preached at Zocotora, came to Meliapor, passed to China, where he built Churches, and re∣turned to Meliapor, where having done what is said, he at last suffered Martyrdom through the malice of the Bramens, who, to execute their Design, counterfeited a quar∣rel whilst he was preaching, to find an op∣portunity of stoning him, and was at last by one of them run through with a Lance, and buryed by his Disciples in that Church of his own Building. Another Learned Man, a Native of Coulam affirmed, That there and at Cranganor were two Houses built by the Disciples of Thomas, who were buried in them, and that in that of Coulam

was the burying place of Sibila, Indica, by whose advice King Perimal of Ceylon went to the Coast of Mascate, to meet the other two Kings that were going to adore Christ, newly born at Bethlehem. That the same King at the Intreaty of the Sibil, brought her the Picture of the Blessed Virgin which was kept in the same Tomb. This was the Invention of the Relicts of that Hea∣venly Messenger in India. And gave occa∣sion to build the City, at this time called S. Thomas, a Portugues Colony in the Port of Paleacate, seven Leagues from the Ruins of the most ancient Meliapor.

CHAP. VIII.

Continues the Government of D. Duarte de Meneses from the Year 1522, till the Year 1524, King John then reigning.

1. ANtony de Miranda de Azevedo was this year Commander of the Fort of Pacem, in the Island Sumatra. On the Western Coast of this Island are six Moor∣ish Kingdoms. The chief was that of Pedir, to which were subject those of Achem and Daga. But falling to War, that of Achem gained the Superiority. He of Pedir took the protection of our Fort against his ill

Fortune. D. Andres Enriquez then com∣manded it, sent to that Post from Portugal with D. Duarte de Meneses.

2. The Tyrant of Achem scoured the Sea and Land with a great Power, till coming to the City Pedir, he endeavoured to draw to his snare the King who had taken the Portugues Protection. To compass his Design, he prevailed with the Men of that City to write a Letter to the King, telling him he might safely come thither, his Ene∣my being already expelled, and that he might easily destroy him with the assistance of the Portuguses. He gave credit to the letter, desired the assistance of the Com∣mander, who gave him eighty Portugueses and two hundred Moors, commanded by his Brother D. Emanuel in small Vessels of Oars. The King marched along the Shore with above a thousand armed Elephants. He was received at Pedir with feigned Joy, and a Design to take him Prisoner that night, which was deferred to secure the Portugueses. The King being informed of the danger, next day fled with two Elephants and some Men. The Portugueses were left on the Shore exposed to the Enemies Darts and Arrows. D. Emanuel and thirty five of them were killed, the rest fled. With this loss D. Andres lost also the hopes of maintaining the Fort. He asked Provisions of Raphael Perestello, who was at Charigam, the chief Port of Bengala. Dominick Seixas was immediately sent with a Ship, who was stopped by thirty Portugueses, who were turned Pirates in that

Sea, commanded by Games Iago. Seixas landed at Tenacari to get Provisions, and one Brito making himself Captain of the Pyrats (Gago being dead) and flying with a Vessel that was laden in the Port, left Seixas and seventeen Portugueses ashore, who were afterwards Slaves in the Kingdom of Siam, Such is the Fate of those who trust them that have violated all human and divine Laws.

3. D. Andres advertised the Governor of the Condition he was in, desiring a Suc∣cessor to command the Fort, Lope de Azeve∣do was sent, to whom he would not deliver the Post through Covetousness of acquiring more, having already gained much there Azevedo returned to India. The King of Achem over-runs all that Country with Fire and Sword, enters the City Pacem with fifteen thousand Men, and summons D. An∣dres to quit the Fort. He after sustaining three Assaults to save the Riches he had there, withdraws, leaving the Command to his Brother-in law Ayres Coello, who cou∣ragiously took upon him this danger he saw the other shun. But the Sea forced back D. Andres to the danger he avoided.

4. D. Andres sailing for India, met Sebastian de Sousa, and Martin Correa, with two Ships bound for the Island Banda to load Spices. Sousa came from Madagascar, whither he was sent by King Emanuel to build a Fort in Port Matatane, which was not executed, because the Ship wherein were the Mate∣rials for the Work was cast away. These

two Captains hearing by D. Andres the Condition of Pacem, went directly to that Port. Ayres Coello had then stood a furious Assault with loss of a Post. The Enemy seeing this Relief, abated of their heat; and D. Andres after eight days resisting was forced back by the Weather. Above eight thousand Enemies one night encompassed the Fort, in which were three hundred and fifty Portugueses, some sick, some wounded, and all spent with labour and watching. With great silence they applied above seven hundred scaling Ladders, and mounted with great Shouts. The Dispute was hotly maintained on both sides, till some Ships being fired, gave light to each other, and to level our Cannon, which killed many of the Enemy and two Elephants. The morning discovered two thousand Men slain about the Fort, on our side only one Wo∣man killed by an Arrow in her Chamber. The remaining six thousand retired, leav∣ing half their scaling Ladders and Fire∣works. Nevertheless the Difficulties of maintaining the place considered, it was resolved in counsel to abandon the Fort, shipping all the Men and Goods, and then giving fire to the rest. The great Cannon were left full of Powder, that when the Fire reached them they might burst. Most of the Fort was destroyed, but the Enemy coming in saved some Cannon, which af∣terwards did us great harm. The Portugueses lost some Goods in shipping, and embar∣qued up to the Necks in Water with the

Fright, losing more Reputation by this Action than they had gained by the former. This they were more sensible of when they met at Sea a more powerful Relief sent by our Friend the King of Aru, who marched by Land with four thousand Men; and Lope de Azevedo, from whom D. Andres ill deserved it, embarqued at Malaca with Ammunition to come to his Succour. Se∣bastian Sousa prosecuted his Voyage to Ban∣da, and the Tyrant Achem followed the For∣tune which had raised him above his own Hopes.

5. At this time Martin Alfonso de Melo Coutino was gone for China, not knowing what had been done by the Portugueses at Quantung. He had four Ships, and two joined them by the way. They sent ashore for fresh Water, and returned with Blood, the Chineses being in Arms to receive them. This drew them to a Battel, in which most of the Portugueses perished, some drowned, some torn by the Cannon, and some taken, part whereof died miserably in the Prison at Quantung, and twenty three were cut in peices as Spies and Robbers, the last part of the Accusation being the truest. Martin Alphonso and Duarte Coello returned to India.

6. All things cannot be exactly related in order as they happened. Malaca was streightned by the King of Bintam, who sent a greater power against it, and George de Albuquerque what he could against him under the Command of D. Sancho Enriquez, whilst they prepared for a Sea-Fight there

arose a violent storm which destroyed se∣venty Portugueses, the whole being two hundred, the Remainder escaped. Let us see how Misfortunes when once they break out overflow.

7. Till now the King of Pam had been a Friend to our good Fortune, but at present seeing she favoured him he turned against us. George de Albuquerque (ignorant of this change) sent three Ships to his Port for Pro∣visions, where two of the Captains and his thirty Men were killed, the third flying this danger met it at Iava, he and all his Com∣pany perishing there. Simon de Abreu and Crew were killed in another Action, and in another D. Garcia Enriquez sent to hinder Provisions coming to Bintam, lost two Vessels.

8. At Surubaya in Iava ten or twelve Portugueses were killed. Sebastian Sousa and Martin Correa found Alfonso de Melo Iusarte in great danger at Banda, having offended the Inhabitants of Cantor through Covetous∣ness.

9. Such was the posture of Affairs at the Malucos, whilst these thing happened. An∣tony de Brito had put the Fort into a very good Condition, when two Bastard Sons of the late King of Ternate disagreeing, and the King of Tidore seeking revenge because the Portugueses had not built in his Island; he agrees with his Daughter the Queen Dowager of Ternate to carry on his Design, at the same time that she had consented to make war upon him. But all the Contri∣vance was discovered, the young King and

his Brothers brought to the Fort, and the Queen fled to the mountain. The War began, and Tidore was besieged. There George Pinto was killed with six Portugueses, and forty Seamen.

10. The Siege continuing, some places were assaulted. At Mariaco was a Fort on a high Ground well ga•…•…isoned, Martin Cor∣rea first, and after him Iohn Mendez en∣tered it with twenty Men. Leonel de Lima relieves them, and at last the Governor of Ternate, Bastard Son to the late King, coming on with his Men, the Tidores were put to flight, and most of them slain. Se∣veral other places being taken, the King of Tidore begged peace, which was not granted him. But because there now comes a Successor to D. Duarte de Meneses, let us take leave of him, he was of a ruddy Com∣plexion, his Beard black, his Cap, upper Ga•…•…nt and Breeches black, the Doublet Crimson, and the Linings. He governed three years, and was the fifth Governor.

CHAP. IX.

The Government of the Viceroy D. Vasco de Gama, and of the Governor D. En∣rique de Meneses, the Year 1524 till that of 25, in the Reign of King John the Third.

1. NOW the manner of receiving and delivering up the Government seems to be settled, it will not be amiss with our usual Brevity to give some account of it. At first the Wisdom and Experience of the person to be chose, were considered as well as his Birth. Afterwards the Birth was thought a sufficient Qualification. Gentility among Portugueses being of more account than Virtue and Merit, which has been the ruin of our first acquired Reputation The Viceroy or Governor (for the Office is the same, tho the Title differ) solemnly swears, That he made no Interest to procure that Employ (how needless the Question, and false the Oath) that he will do Justice and follow his Instructions, that in bestowing Employments he will not have more regard to his Kindred and Servants, than to the Kings and such as deserve, that he will take no Bribes. All Vows made in storms all

forgot as soon as out of danger. Can any thing be better swore, or any thing less ob∣served. In India the succeeded delivers the Government to the Successor in the con∣dition it is, and a publick Instrument there∣of is made. There are always three or four sealed Patents (called Successions) in case the Governor should die. He sailed this year for India with the Title of Count de Vidigueyra, and fou•…•…teen Sail, and in them three thousand fighting Men. Two Vessels perished with all the Men, a third was lost, and the Men saved. Moss•…•…m Gaspar was basely killed by his Caravels Crew, only be∣cause he was no Portuguese. These Ships be∣ing in the Sea of Cambaya in a dead Calm, on a sudden they t•…•…ssed so, that all thought themselves lost, every one thinking how to save himself, D Vasco the Viceroy perceiv∣ing it was the effect of an Earthquake, he cryed out with a loud Voice, Courage, my Friends, for the Sea trembles for fear of you that are upon it. One Man who leaped over∣board to save himself was lost, such as lay sick of Fevers were cured with the Fright. D. George de Meneses, one of the Captains, took a great Ship of Meca worth sixty thousand C•…•…owns. The Fleet arrived at Goa.

2. The new Viceroy visited some Forts, gave necessary Orders, and from Cochin sent three Vessels of Oars towards Calicut to curb those Indians who began to be out∣ragious. One of them fought three hours with fifty 〈◊〉〈◊〉, large Indian Vessels, lost three Men, and had been lost had not his

Companions relieved him, and put them to flight. Hierom de Sousa was ordered with six Vessels against the Malabars of that Coast, who defeated forty Catures, Indian Vessels, commanded by Cotiale, a valiant Moor, who hindered the carrying Provisions to the Fort of Calicut. Two Gallies having joined him afterwards, he fought eighty Paraos in the River of Bracalor, bound for Cambaya with Spice, he took twelve of them with the loss of four Men. He ordered the Commander of the Fort in Ceylon to quit it, as not worth the keeping, and had the same Orders for that of Pacem, but ne∣cessity had before caused it to be executed. Simon S•…•…dre was sent to Maldiva with four Ships to oppose the Moors, who infested us. He fought a Moor of Cananor, who had six Vessels, took two, and the four narrowly escaped. The Viceroy, tho sick, had great∣er Designs in hand, but Death drawing on, he named Lope Vaz de Sampayo his Succes∣sor, till such time as D. Enrique de Meneses, who was at Goa, and the next named in the Patents came. He died upon Christmas-Eve, having been Viceroy three months, was of a middle stature, somewhat gross, ruddy Complexion; he is painted with a black Cap, Cloak and Breeches, edged with Velvet, all slashed, through which ap∣pears the Crimson Lining, the Doublet of Crimson Sattin, and over it his Armour inlaid with Gold. D. Vasco had a natural Boldness for any great Undertaking, angry he was terrible, a great sufferer of Labour,

and hasty in execution of Justice. In fine, fit for all that was intrusted him, as Captain, as discoverer, and as Viceroy. He was the sixth in the number of Governors, and se∣cond of Viceroys.

3. Lope Vaz de Sampayo, sent Francis de Sa to carry the News of his access to the Government to D. Enrique de Meneses at Goa. He delivered that Command to the said Francis de Sa, and came away imme∣diately. First he sent his Nephew D. George Telo with a Galliot, and five Paraos, against a Fleet that infested the Coast. They met thirty eight Vessels laden with Spice, under the Command of Cutiale, took four, and forced the rest ashore. The four were brought to Goa, with many of the Enemies hanged upon the Shrouds, the Canaras who rowed carried thirty Heads, and twelve a∣live, who were delivered up to the Boys, and by them stoned to death, the Sea threw up above sixty upon the Shore. Afterwards the same D. George had the like success a∣gainst a Ship and •…•…e Paraos, and then sailed to Cochin with his Uncle, who by the way being accidentally joined by D. George de Meneses, defeated thirty six Paraos of Diu, and took seventeen. At Cananor he hanged a Moor of Quality, which occasioned many of his Relations for shame to leave the City, and go live upon robbing along the the River. By the King's Consent D. En∣rique sent Hector de Silveyra against them with two Gallies and a Brigantine; in two days he burnt four Towns with much diffi∣culty,

and took their Cannon. Christopher de Brito set out with fourteen Gallies, and about one hundred Men. They scoured the Sea, destroyed some Moors, and at Da∣bul came out to them two Galiots, and seven other Vessels with above three hundred Men. At the first shock they killed our Commander, Christopher de Brito; to re∣venge whom, our Men falling on furiously, in four hours time killed most of them, and took the rest and their Captain in Chief, who afterwards died of his Wounds at Goa, being first converted to the Faith. The Commander of Calicut being streightened by a great number of Nayres and other people that frequented that City, forced them to retire with only fifty Portugueses. D. Enrique made little haste to Cochin, be∣cause his Kinsmen D. Duarte and D. Luis de Meneses were there, and dissatisfied with what D Vasco de Gama had done in their Business, and he had no mind to undo what the Viceroy had done to oblige his Cousins. He sent a Message before, that they should not receive him with any publick Joy, in respect to the death of Gama; this being the only Successor till then that shewed re∣spect to his Predecessor. Another part of his Message was, that they should not give him the style of Lordship, because good Men had rather deserve Honor, than make use of its Titles. Afterwards the Viceroys took the Title of Excellency, and the Cap∣tains of Lordships. With such modesty did the new Governor enter upon his Command.

Soon after he set out from Cochin with fifty Sail, besides some belonging to the In∣habitants of the Town, and Arel de Porca, a Subject to our King with twenty seven, making fifty more, and two thousand fighting Men, thus he arrived at Panane. This is one of the principal Towns subject to Calicut, seated on the Banks of the same River. It was well fortified and stored with Cannon, commanded by a Portugues Renegado. In the River were many Ves∣sels in order of Battel. The Fight began fu∣riously by Sea and Land, the Fortifications were entred, the Cannon taken, and the Enemy fled to the Woods. The Town and Vessels in the Port were burnt, many kill∣ed, of our Men nine. Next day twelve Ships were burnt in the Port of Calicut, and D. Iohn de Lima did the same in the Skirts of the City. Hence they went to Coulete, where was the same Fortification, number of Ships, and Artillery as at Panane, and twenty thousand Men in Garrison.

5. A Council of War being held, it was generally voted to desist from so dangerous an Enterprize, but D. Enrique prevailed for going on. D. Simon de Meneses was to command one Attack with 300 Men, D. Enrique another with one hundred and fifty, and the Fleet to engage one hundred and fifty Ships that were there. Great Valour was shewn on both sides; at last many of the Enemy being slain, the rest fled; of the Portugueses fifty four were killed, and many wounded. The Booty contained

three hundred and sixty pieces of Cannon, a vast number of Musquets, fifty three Ships, most of them loaden with Spice; the rest being shattered were burnt, as was the Town. D. Enrique returned to Cochin, leaving D. Simon with twenty Sail, and five hundred Men to cruise upon that Coast.

6. During the time that Lope Vaz de Sampayo held the Government by reason of the Viceroys Death, and Absence of D. En∣rique, he sent Antony de Miranda with four Vessels, and three hundred and fifty Men to the Red Sea. He was come now to Cape Guardafu, where arrived before him Antony de Macedo, with a Galeon, and two Cara∣vels, tho sent later. They had taken the Vessel of those mutinous Portugueses who had killed their Captain, and now practised Pyracy by this Crime to shun the punish∣ment of the former. One N. de Aguiar commanded them who was beheaded at Cochin, and the rest impaled or banished ac∣cording as they were found guilty. The two Antonies agreed to spread themselves cross the Mouth of that Sea, that so no E∣nemy-Ship might escape them. This Mouth reaching from Cape Guardafu in Africk, to Cape Fartaque in Arabia is fifty Leagues over. Here they took ten Zambucos and three Ships. Thence they went to the City Xael, and burnt many Moors in seven Ships, and took five. Mean while D. Simon de Meneses, assisted by Fernan Gomez, burnt the Town of Mangalor, and ten Ships in the Harbour. They scoured the Coast, had some Ren∣counters,

one with seventy Paraos, whereof they took twenty, the rest being shattered and dispersed. Another time the Moors killed Gomez Martinez de Lemos, who going to assist Dominick Fernandez, struck upon a Bank, where died also Manuel de Lima, with seven Gentlemen, and all the Boats Crew.

7. Now the King of Calicut resolved to besiege that Fort in which D. Iohn de Lima commanded with three hundred Men. Twelve thousand Men broke ground to draw a deep Trench about. D. Iohn did all that was possible to hinder the Work, but the multitude prevailed and finished it. Then they planted many pieces of Can∣non, some so large the Ball was two spans diameter. The Work being finished, Za∣mori came on with nine thousand Men. This Power was enough to terrifie any Re∣solution; yet D. Iohn was not moved, but ventured to make a Sally, which had like to have cost him his life, so he resolved to stand firm against all their Assaults.

8. The Battery began furiously at break of day on the thirteenth of Iune. Our Cannon was more dexterously played, and did great harm, but it appeared not so much in the multitude. Next day advice was sent to the Governor, who immediately sent to their Relief two Caravels, with one hun∣dred and fifty Men, commanded by Chri∣stopher Iusarte and Duarte Fonseca. The former arrived first, and there was a sharp dispute by Sea and Land about their entering the Fort, in which three Gentlemen were

killed. The Enemy immediately applyed scaling Ladders, but were repulsed with great slaughter. D. Iohn sent Duarte de Fonseca back to Cochin to demand more suc∣cour, five hundred Men were sent him. Whilst they sailed, all the military Arts then in use were practised against the be∣sieged, and above fifty of them killed.

9. This Relief could not reach Calicut, but was forced back to Cochin. The Go∣vernor joined two Squadrons he had pre∣pared, and they both appeared to the di∣stressed Fort, when Rage and Despair act∣ed more in its Defence than Valour or Con∣duct. Hector de Silveyra commanded one of the Squadrons containing seven Ships, and Peter de Faria the other of twenty five, and three hundred and thirty Men. They encouraged our Men, and did harm to the Enemy from the Water, because they could not land till the Governour arrived with twenty Sail, and 1500 Men, besides some Catures or small Craft; and Antony de Mi∣randa coming at the same time, all the Sea of Calicut was covered with Ships. A Council was held about landing, all the Votes were in the negative. D. Enrique spent four days in considering what to do, then came to this Resolution.

10. One night he put one hundred and fifty Men into the Fort under the valiant Hector de Silveyra, and the next as many more under D. Iames de Lima. By break of day he landed, clearing the Shore of throngs of Enemies with Sho•…•… Granados,

and all sorts of Weapons. In some In∣trenchments they burnt two hundred, in others three hundred Moors. Many Gentle∣men particularly signalized themselves upon this Occasion. Hector de Silveyra did won∣ders. D. George de Meneses with a two handed Sword made great slaughter, till lo∣sing the Right Hand, he took a less Sword in the Left, and went on without losing the Cutlace. But who can recount the Actions of this day. In fine, three thou∣sand of the Enemy were killed, of ours thirty, none of Note. D. Enrique remained Master of the Field, and pitched his Tents to give there the necessary Orders. Zamori sent to desire peace, the Treaty held four days, and broke up without any effect. The Fort was demolished (as King Iohn had commanded) because it was of no im∣portance. Having shipped all that was in it of Value with great care and privacy, they laid Trains to blow it up, and all drew off to the Ships. The Moors finding the Coast clear, and no Body in the Fort, run in Clusters to pillage; but the Powder suddenly taking fire, blew up the whole Fa∣brick with great slaughter of them. This shews how much must be ventured rather than hazard Reputation; since all this La∣bour and Prepararation served only to raze that Fort, because it should not be thought it was rather Fear than Conveniency forced us to quit it.

CHAP. X.

Concludes the Government of D. Enrique de Meneses in the Year 1526, King John the Third Reigning.

1. THE Fort of Calicut being demo∣lished, and Peter de Faria left with his Ships to scour the Coast of Malabar, the Governor went to Cochin, to dispatch the homeward bound trading Ships, which were five, and whereof two were lost: two also of sour that came this year from Por∣tugal perished. After this Expedition D. Enrique designed to fall upon Diu. He sent out Hector de Silveyra upon other pre∣tences, to Ormuz, with instructions that o∣ther things failing, he should enter the Red Sea, and take up at Arquico, D. Ro∣drigo de Lima, who by that time was return∣ed from his Embassy to Prester Iohn. On the Coast of Arabia he assaulted and took the strong City Dofar, which he destroyed with the loss of two Men. Then he entered the Red Sea, and reduced the Islands Maçua and Dalaca, to pay Tribute. Thence sailed to Arquico where the Governor delivered to him D. Rodrigo de Lima, who was there waiting for a passage with an Embassador

sent by Prester Iohn to Portugal. They went to rest at Ormuz.

2. Peter Mascarenas, who the foregoing year went to succeed George de Albuquerque in the Command of Malaca, found it in some distress, after performing honorable Actions. Martin Alfonso de Sousa scouring that Coast with six Ships and two hundred Men had done great execution among the Natives. After returning to Malaca he a∣gain went out to meet Lacxemena, who ravaged the Neighbourhood with thirteen hundred Moors, after a bloody Fight they were defeated, and Martin being mortally wounded, died in the City. The King of Linga our Ally had asked relief of George Albuquerque, against the King of Bintam, by whom he was besieged. Eighty Men were sent, who falling upon the Besiegers killed six hundred, the rest fled. This Vi∣ctory cost but one Man.

3. Here Peter Mascarenas heard of a Rene∣gado Portugues, who commanding three thousand Men of the King of Bintam, had done much harm to the City, in which there were but a hundred, yet obliged him to retire with shame. Two hundred and fifty solemnly vowed to carry the Head of George de Albuquerque, or that of the Fa∣ctor Garcia Chaino, to the King of Bintam (all Vows are easier to make than perform) they lay in ambush in a close Wood, six Portugueses, whereof one was Francis Correa, fell into it. He seeing no possibility of e∣scaping, encouraged the other five, and

falling desperately upon the two hundred and fifty killed fourteen, the others fled. One of the six died.

4. Antony de Brito at Maluco, seeing he was not relieved, desired (the last year) a Successor might be sent him, D. Garcia Enriquez who then commanded the Cruisers upon the Coast of Malaca went thither.

5. He arrived at Ternate, where some Differences arose between him and Brito. They agreed among themselves, and by consent sent a Portugues with a small Ves∣sel to discover the Islands called Celebes, where they heard was great plenty of Gold. The Discoverer found the Islands, but not the Gold; and being upon his return, was carried away by a storm to the Eastward, till he lost his Account, and unexpectedly fell into a great and beautiful Island. The Inhabitants most simple, and treated them with great affection. Of Colour more in∣clined to white, of Body strong and comly, lank Hair, and long Beards, their Cloaths of very fine Mats; their Food, Roots, Co∣cos and Figs. Their Language was not un∣derstood, but they dealt by signs. By tokens they gave to understand that in the moun∣tain there was Gold, whereof they made no use; they had no knowledge of Iron, or any other Metal. They left this Island, which they called of Iames Lopez de Sequey∣ra the Name of the Pilot, and returned to Ternate after eight months, whence Antony de Brito was then departed, leaving D. Gar∣cia the Command of the Fort.

6. Peter Mascarenas at Malaca consider∣ing how much had been done by his Prede∣cessors in defence of that place, and that it was no less insupportable than dangerous, to suffer the King of Bintam to lie safe in his Works, and continue his hopes proposed to deprive him of both. He immediately began to put in execution his Designs, tho they proved unsuccessful.

7. George de Albuquerque sailing from Ma∣laca towards Cochin, with only one Vessel, met Arel de Porca with twenty five Barques of Calicut, who was seeking Revenge, for that D. Enrique had treated him as he de∣served for his Cowardliness at the▪ Assault of Coulete. The Case was that D. Enrique at that Engagement perceiving him stand only as a Looker on, watching the oppor∣tunity of sharing the Plunder, caused a Cannon to be levelled at him so dexterously, that it broke his Leg. Now he sought Re∣venge, and drew on himself farther pu∣nishment, for Albuquerque not able to a∣void the twenty five Barques, to lose no time of playing his Cannon, levelled among them all, they answered with Showers of Ball and Arrows. But our Artillery was so well managed, that Arel was forced to retire with considerable loss, having done no other damage to Albuquerque, than the killing one of his Slaves.

8. The Governor D. Enrique still con∣tinued his Preparations against Diu, giving out they were for Aden. In all things he acted the part of a wise Captain.

9. He set out with seventeen Sail of se∣veral sorts all large, with a resolution to clear that Coast of Pyrats, that always abound there. At Chale two Leagues from Calicut he set ashore D. George de Meneses with five hundred Men, who reduced the Town to Ashes. At Bacanor he found D. George Telo and Peter de Faria entering that River•…•… in which they shut up above one hundred Paraos, bound for Cambaya, laden with Spice. He sent to their assi∣stance D. George de Meneses, with four hun∣dred Men in two Ships. The Moors by Land and Sea were four thousand strong. Peter de Faria was left to keep the Mouth of the River, the other went up to the Paraos, and saw the Shore covered with Men and Cannon. At length they engaged, the Fight was bravely maintained, but the mul∣titude, the disadvantage of the place, and ill Fortune, obliged our Captains to retire, after losing forty Men. Victory cannot be always tied to one side, and it is wonder∣ful, that in so many Encounters our Party should scarce ever be worsted, never quite defeated.

10. This was not the greatest Loss then happened to the Portugueses, for at this time D. Enrique fell sick of an Inflammation in two Issues he had upon one Leg, and find∣ing Death came on, he gave the necessary Orders, and expired with that Calmness he had practised living. This happened at Ca∣nanor, (where he is buried) about the end of Ianuary in the thirtieth year of his Age.

He was Son to D. Ferdinand de Meneses, called the Red, of a pleasing Countenance, a large Stature, an awful Presence, of a free Mind, his Actions just, free from Co∣vetousness, continent, a true Patron of Me∣rit, and Professor of Honor. It may ap∣pear how free from Avarice in that after his Death all his Treasure was but thirteen Royals and a half, not a Crown in all; not but that he had an Estate before, but spent it during his Government on such as de∣served well. He accepted not one Jewel of all that those Eastern Princes presented him. Let us give one Example of his ready Wit, which will shew the Beauty of his Person. A Gentleman whose person was contemptible, but had served well, and was dissatisfied with the Governor, one day talking with others, lashed out and said, I am as good a Gentleman as any in India, and better than some, as much a Soldier as the best, I have served the King as well as any man; and in fine, I fear no man, nor yield to no man. The Governor finding all this passion aimed at him, to shew he un∣derstood it, and was not disturbed, an∣swered very calmly: Sir, I confess you are a better Gentleman than I, and more a Soldier than I, that you have served better, and better deserve to be Governor; but since I yield so many Points, you cannot but grant me one, and that is that you are not so genteel a man as I. So the Anger was turned into Laughter, and he doubly shamed. The most re∣nowned Governors hitherto were D. Francisco

de Almeyda, Alfonso de Albuquerque, and D. Enrique. His Complexion was white, his Beard Chesnut Colour, his Cap, upper Garment, and Breeches, black, slashed with Crimson Lining, the Doublet Crim∣son, over it a Coat of Mail, and upon that the Breast plate. He held the Government a year and a month, and was the seventh Governor.

The End of the Third Part of the First Tome.

Notes

• * 1.1

  1515.
• * 1.2

  1516.
• * 1.3

  1517.
• * 1.4

  1518.
• * 1.5

  1519.
• * 1.6

  1520.
• * 1.7

  1521.
• * 1.8

  1522.