The church-history of Britain from the birth of Jesus Christ until the year M.DC.XLVIII endeavoured by Thomas Fuller.

SECTION. I.

CENT. XVI.

1. FOr the first six weeks the Queen, and her wife coun∣cell, suffered matters to stand in their former state, without the least change, as yet not altering but consulting what should be altered. Thus our Savi∣our himself coming into the Temple, and finding it profaned with sacriledge, when he had looked round about upon all things,a departed for the evening, content∣ing himself with the survey of what was amisse, and deferring the reformation thereof till the next morning. but on the firstb of January following being Sunday, (the best new-yeers-gift that ever was bestowed on England) by vertue of the Queens Proclamation, the Letanie was read in English, with Epistles, and Gospels, in all Churches of London, as it was formerly in her Graces own Chappel.

2. But some violent Spirits, impatient to attend the leisure (by them counted the lazinesse) of authority, fell before hand to the beating down of superstitious Pictures and images, and their forward zeal met with many to applaud it. For Idolatry is not to be permitted a moment; the first mi∣nuite is the fittest to abolish it. All that have power, have right to destroy it, by that Grand-charter of Religion, whereby every one is bound to ad∣vance Gods glory. And if Sovera••gns forget, no reason but Subjects should remember their duty. But others condemned their indiscretion herein: for though they might reforme their private persons and families, and re∣fraine to communicate in any outward act, contrary to Gods word, yet publique reformation belonged to the Magistrate, and a good deed was by them ill done for want of a calling to do it. However, the Papists have no cause to tax them with over-forwardness in this kinde, the like being done by them, in the beginning of Queen Maries raigne; whilst the laws of King Edward the Sixth stood as yet in full force, when they prevented authority, as hath beenc formerly observed thus, those who are hungry, and have meat afore them, will hardly be kept from eating, though Grace be not said, and leave gi∣ven them by their superiours.

3. Now the tidings of Queen Elizabeths peaceable coming to the crown, was no sooner brought beyond the Seas, but it fitted the English Exiles with unspeakable glandness, being instantly at home in their hearts, and not long after with their bodies. I knew one right well, whose father amongst them, being desperately diseased, was presently and perfectly cured, with the cor∣diall of this good news; and no wonder if this Queen recovered sick men, which revived religion it self. Now the English Church at Geneva, being the greatest opposer of ceremonies, sent their letter by William Ceth, to all other English Congregations in Germany, and especially to those of Frankford con∣gratulating their present deliverance, condoling their former discords, coun∣selling and requesting that all offences heretofore given or taken, might be for∣given and forgotten, and that for the future, they might no more fall out about s••perfluous ceremonies.a But this letter came too late, because the principall persons concerned in that controversie, with whom they sought a charitable reconciliation, were departed from Frankford, (I think towards England) before the messenger arrived, and so the motion missed to take effect. Some suppose had it come in season, it might have prevailed much, that both par∣ties in gratitude to God would in a bonefire of their generall joy, have burnt this unhappy bone of dissention cast betwixt them. Others considering the distance of their principles, and difference of their spirits, conceive such an agreement neither could be wrought, nor would be kept betwixt them. For it is the property of cold to congregate together things of different kinds, and if the winter of want, pinching them all with poverty, could not freeze their affections together; less likely was it that the warmth of wealth, in their native So••le would conjoyne them in amity, but rather widen them further a∣sunder, as indeed it came to passe. For as the rivers of Danubius and Savus in Huagarie, though running in the same channell, yet for many miles keep different streames visible in their party-coloured waters, which do rather touch, then unite; yea the fishes, peculiar to one stream, are not found in another: So these opposite parties, returning home, though concurring in doctrine, un∣der the generall notion of Protestants, were so reserved in severall disciplines to themselves with their private favourites and followers, that they wanted that comfortable communion, which some hop'd, and all wished would be amongst them. Till at last they brake out into dolefull and dangerous oppo∣sition, whereat all Papists clap, and Protestants wring their hands, which our fa∣thers found begun, our selves see hightened, and know not whether our chil∣dren shall behold them pacified and appeased.

4. But now a Parliament began at Westminster, Wherein the Laws of King Henry the eighth against the See of Rome were renewed, and those of King Edward the sixth in favour of the Protestants revived, and the Laws by Queen Mary, made against them, repealed. Uniformity of Prayer, and Administration of Sacraments was enacted with a Restitution of first fruits, Tenths &c. to the Crown: For all which we remit the Reader to the Sta∣tutes at large. It was also enacted, that whatsoever Jurisdictions, Priviledges, an•• Spiritualls, preeminences had been heretofore in Vse by any Ecclesiasticall Au∣thority whatsoever, to visit Ecclesiasticall men, and Correct all manner of Errors, Here••es, Schisms, Abuses, and Enormities should be for ever annexed to the Im∣periall Crown of England; if the Queen and her Successours might by their Let∣ters patents substitute certain men to exercise that Authority, howbeit with pro∣viso, that they should define nothing to be heresie, but those things which were long before defined to be Heresies, out of the Sacred Canonicall Scriptures, or of the four Oecumenicall Councills, or other Councills, by the true and proper sence of the Holy Scriptures, or should thereafter be so defined, by authority of the Parlia∣ment, with assent of the Clergy of England assembled in a Synod That all and every Ecclesiasticall Persons, Magistrates, Receivers of pensions out of the Exche∣quer, such as were to receive degrees in the Vniversities, Wards that were to sue

their Liveries, and to be invested in their Livings; and such as were to be admit∣ted into the number of the Queens servants &c. should be tyed by oath to acknow∣ledge the Queens Majesty, to be the onely and supreme Governour of her King∣doms, (the Title of Supreme head of the Church of England, liked them not) in all matters and causes, as well spiritual as temporal, all forrain Princes, and Protestants, being quite excluded from taking Cognizance of Causes within her Dominions.

5. But the Papists found themselves much agrieved at this Ecclesiasti∣call Power, declared and confirmed to be in the Queen: they complained, that the simplicity of poore people was abused, the Queen declining the Title Head, and assuming the name Governour of the Church, which though less offensive was more expressive. So whil'st their ears were favoured in her waving the word, their souls were deceived with the same sence under ano∣ther Expression. They cavilled how Kinga Henry the eighth was qualified for that Place and Power being a Lay-man; King Edward double debarr'd for the present, being a Lay-childe, Queen Elizabeth totally excluded for the future, being a Lay-woman.b They object also, that the veryc writers of the Centuries, though Protestants, condemne such Headship of the Church in PRINCES: andd Calvin more particularly sharply taxeth Bishop Gardiner, for allowing the same Priviledge to KING Henry the eighth.

6. Yet nothing was granted the Queen, or taken by her, but what in due belonged unto her, according as the most learned and moderate Divines have defended it. Fore first they acknowledged, that Christ alone is the Supreme Soveraign of the Church, performing the Duty of an head unto it, by giving it power of life, feeling, and moving: andf him hath God ap∣pointed to be head of the Church and by him all the body furnished, and knit to∣gether, by joynts and bands encreaseth with the encreasing of God. This Head∣ship cannot stand on any mortall shoulders, it being as incommunicable to a Creature, as a Creature is incapable to receive it. There is also a peculiar Su∣premacy of Priests in Ecclesiasticall matters, to preach the Word minister the Sacraments, celebrate Prayers, and practise the discipline of the Church, which no Prince can invade without usurpation and the sin of Sacriledge: for In∣cense it self did stink in the Nostrils of the God of heaven, andh provoked his Anger, when offered by King Vzziah, who had no calling thereunto. Be∣sides these, there is that power, which Hezekiah exercised in his Dominions, Commanding the Levites and Priests to do their Duty, and the People to serve the Lord. And to this power of the Prince it belongeth to restore Religion de∣cayed, reforme the Church Corrupted, protect the same reformed. This was that supremacy in Causes and over Persons as well Ecclesiasticall as Civil, which was derived from God to the Queen, annexed to the Crown, disused in the dayes of her Sister (whose blinde zeal surrendred it to the Pope) not now first fixed in the Crown, by this act of State, but by the same declared to the Ignorant that knew it not, cleared to the scrupulous that doubted of it, and asserted from the Obstinate that denied it.

7. As for Calvin, he reproveth not (Reader, it is D^r. Rainolds whom thou readest) the title of head, as the Peotestants granted it, but that sense there∣of,i which Popish Prelates gave, namely Stephen Gardiner, who did urge it so, as if they had meant thereby, that the King might do things in Religion, accord∣ing to his own will, and not see them done according to Gods will, namely, that he might forbid the Clergie Marriage, the laytie the Cup in the Lords Supper. And the truth is that Stephen Gardiner was shamelessly hyperbolicall in fixing that in the King, which formerly with as little Right the Pope had assumed. Whether he did it out of mere flattery, as full of adulation as superstition, equally free in sprinkling Court and Church holy-water, and as very a fawning Spaniel under King Henry the eighth, as afterwards he proved a cruel Blood-hound under Queen Mary his Daughter Or because this Bishop being in his heart disaffect∣ed

to the Truth, of set purpose betrayed it in defending it, suting King Hen∣ries vast Body and Minde, with as mighty, yea monstrous a power, in those his odious instances, straining the Kings Authority too high, on set purpose to break and to render it openly obnoxious to just exception: The Centuri∣ato••s also well understood, do allow anda Confess the Magistrates Jurisdicti∣on in Ecclesiasticall matters, though on good reason they be enemies to this Usurpation of unlawfull power therein. But I digresse, and therein Transgresse, seeing the large profecution hereof belongs to Divines.

9. But Sanders taketh a particular exception against the Regular passing of this Act, Elizabeth shewing much Queen-Craft, in procuring the votes of the Nobility, feeding theb Earle of Arundell with fond hopes, that she would marry him, and promising the Duke of Norfolke, a dispensation from his wife, which he could not with such expedition obtain from the Pope; and yet (faith he) when all was done, it was carried in the house of Lords but by c three voices. Here not to mention how in the greatest Councells, matters of most high concernment, have been determined with as few as three clear decisive suffrages, this suggestion of Sanders is a loud untruth; for the Act having easily pass'd the house of Commons, found none of the Temporall Nobility in the house of Lords to oppose it, save only thed Earle of Shrews∣bury, And Anthony Brown Viscount Mountacute, who had formerly been em∣ployed to reconcile the Kingdom of England to his Holiness. As for the Bishops, there were but fourteen, and the Abbot of Westminster, then alive: of whom foure being absent (whether Voluntarily, or out of Sickness, uncer∣tain) the rest could not make any considerable opposition: If any other Ar∣tifice was used in cunning contriving the businesse, the Protestants were not aforchand, but just even with the Papists, who had used the same subtilty in their own Cause in the first Parliament of Queen Mary.

10. But now to remove into the Convocation, which at this time was very small and silent: For as it is observed in Nature, When one Twinn is of an unusual Strength and bigness, the other his partner borne with him is weak and dwingled away. So here this Parliament being very active in matters of Religion, the Convocation (younger Brother thereunto) was little imployed and less Regarded. Only after a Mass of the Holy Ghost had been celebrated, Edmond Bonner Bishop of London (in the vacancie of the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury, President of the Convocation began with a speech to this effect. That although it had been an ancient and laudable custome to begin such meetings of the Clergie with a Latine Sermon, yet such now was not to be expected; partly, because the Arch-Bishop was Dead, who was to designe the Preacher, and partly, because they had received ae mandate from the privy Councel, that no such Sermons should be made in that Church, till they were further informed by the Queeu and her Councel. In the third Session on friday Nicholas Harpsfield Doctor of Law, and Arch-Deacon of Canterbury was chosen,f Referendary or Prolocutor for the Clergie, a place of some Credit,g but little pains to discharge, seeing the only remark∣able thing which passed in this Convocation, was certain Articles of Religi∣on, which they tendered to the Parliament, which here we both Tran∣scribe and Translate. requesting the Reader not to begrutch his pains to peruse them. Considering they are the last in this kinde, that ever were represented in England, by a Legall Corporation in defence of the Popish Religion. And though errour doth go out with a Stink, yet it is a persume that it does go out: We are so far from denying a grave to bury them, that we will erect the Monument over this ashes of these dead errours.

REVERENDI in Christo Patres ac Domini colendissimi. Quoniam fa∣ma publica referente ad nostram nuper notitiam pervenit, multa Religionis Christianae Dogmata publice & una∣nimi gentium Christianarum consensu hactenus recepta & probata, ac ab Apostolis ad nos usque concorditer per manus deducta, pr••esertim Articulos infra scriptos in dubium vocari. Hinc est quod nos Cantuariensis Provinciae inferior secundarius Clerus in uno, (Deo sic disponente ac Serenissimae Dominae nostrae Reginae, Decani & Capituls Cant. mandato, Brevi Parli∣amenti, ac monitione Ecclesiastica solita declarata id exigente) convenien∣tes, partium nostrarum esse existimavi∣mus, tunt nostrae, tum eorum, quo∣rum cura nobis Committitur, aeternae saluti omnibus quibus poterimus modis prospicere. Quocirca majorum nostro∣rum exemplis Commoti, qui in simi∣lia saepe tempora inciderunt, fidem quam in Articulis infra Scriptis, ve∣ram esse credimus, & ex animo profi∣temur ad dei Laudem, & honorem officiique & aliarum nostrae curae com∣missarum exonerationem praentibus duximus publicè auferendam affirman∣tes, & sicut Deus nos in die Judicij Adjuvet asserentes.

Primò, quod in Sacramento Alta∣ris virtute Christi verbo suo à Sacer∣dote debitè prolato assistentis, praesens est realiter sub speciebus panis & vini naturale Corpus Christi Conceptum de Virgine Mariae, Item naturalis ejus Sanguis.

Item, quod post Consecrationem, non remanet substantia panis & vini, ne{que} alia ulla substantia, nisi substantia Dei & hominis.

Item, quod in missa offertur verum Christi Corpus, & verus ejusdem san∣guis, sacrificium propitiatiorium pro vivis & defunctis.

Item, quod Petro Apostolo & ejus le∣gitimis successoribus in sede Apostcli∣ca, tanquim Christi Vicariis data est suprema potestas pascendi, & regendi ecclesiam Christi militantem et fratres suos confirmandi.

Item quod Authoritas tractandi & dissiniendi de ijs quae spectant ad fidem, Sacrantentum & disciplinam ecclesi∣asticam hactenus semper spectavit & spectare debet tantum ad Pastores Ec∣clesiae, quos spiritus Sanctus in hoc in ecclesiam Dei Pasuit & non ad Laicos.

Quam nostram assertionem, affirma∣tionem & fidem, Nos inferior Clerus praedictus considerationes praedictas Vestris Paternitatibus tenore presen∣tium exhibemus, humiliter supplican∣tes, ut quia nobis non est copia hanc nostram sententiam & intentionem aliter illis quos in hac parte interest notificandi, Vos, qui Patres estis, ista superioribus Ordinibus significare ve∣litis: Qua in re Offictum charitatis ac Pietatis (ut arbitramur) praesta∣bitis, & saluti gregis vestri (ut par est) Prospicietis, & vestras ipsi animas liberabisis.

REVEREND Fathers in Christ, and our honourable Lords. Whereas by the report of publique fame it hath come unto our knowledge that many Do∣ctrines of the Christain Religion hither∣to received and approved by the una∣nimous consent of Christian nations, and with joynt agreement, as by hands deduced from the Apostles unto us, (es∣pecially the Articles under-written) are now called into question. Hence it is, that we the inferior and secondary Clergy of the Province of Canterbury assembled in one body, (God so dispo∣sing it, and the Command of our Lady the Queens most excellent Majesty, together with the mandate of the Dean and chapter of Canterbury, the Parlia∣ment-Writ, and all due and wonted Ecclesiasticall monition declared so re∣quiring it) conceived it to belong unto us to provide for the eternall Salvation both of our selves, and such as are com∣mitted to our charge, by all means pos∣sible for us to obtain. Wherefore stir∣red up by the examples of our Prede∣cessours, who have lived in the like times, that faith which in the Articles under-written we believe to be true, and from our souls profess to the praise and honour of God, and the discharge of our duty, and such souls as are commit∣ed unto us, we thought in these presents publiquely to insert, affirming and avow∣ing as God shall helpe us in the last day of judgement.

First, that in the Sacrament of the Al∣tar by the vertue of Christs assisting, af∣ter the word is duly pronounced by the Priest, the naturall Body of Christ con∣ceived of the Virgin Mary is really pre∣sent, under the species of bread and wine, also his naturall bloud.

Item, that after the Consecration, there remains not the substance of Bread and Wine, nor any other substance, save the substance of God and man.

Item, that the true body of Christ, and his true bloud is offered a propitiatory sacrifice for the Quick and Dead.

Item that the supreme power of fee∣ding and governing the militant Church of Christ, and of confirming their Bre∣thren is given to Peter the Apostle, and to his lawfull Successours in the See Apostolike, as unto the Vicars of Christ.

Item that the Authority to handle and define such things which belong to faith, the Sacraments, and Discipline Ecclesia∣sticall, hath hitherto ever belonged, and only ought to belong unto the Pastors of the Church, whom the holy spirit hath placed in the Church of God, and not unto lay-men.

Which our Assertion, Affirmation and faith, We the lower Clergy aforesaid so represent the aforesaid considerati∣ons unto your Fatherhoods by the Te∣nor of these Presents, humbly request∣ing, that because we have not liberty otherwise to notifie this our Judgement, and intention to those, which in this be∣half are concerned, you who are Fa∣thers would be pleased to signifie the same to the Lords in Parliament, where∣in, as we conceive you shall performe an office of Charity and Piety, and you shall provide (as it is meet) for the safety of the flock committed to your charge, and shall discharge your duty towards your own soul.

This remonstrance exhibited by the lower house of Convocation to the Bishops, was according to their Requests presented by Edmond Bonner, B^p. of London, to the Lord Keeper of the broad Seal of England in the Parliament, and (as the said Bishop, in the eighth Session reported) he generously and gratefully received it. But we finde no further news thereof, save that in the 10. Session, an account was given in, by both Universities in an Instrument under the hand of a Publique Notary, wherein they both did concur to the Truth of the aforesaid Articles, the last only excepted.

10. But we may probably conceive that this Declaration of the Popish Clergy hastened the Disputation appointed on the last of March in the Church of Westminster, wherein these questions were debated.

• 1. Whether Service and Sacraments ought to be celebrated in the vulgar tongue?
• 2. Whether the Church hath not power to alter Ceremonies, so all be done to edification?
• 3. Whether the Mass be a propitiatory sacrifice for the Living and the Dead?

Popish Disputants.	Moderators.	Protestant Disputants.
White. Watson. Baynes. Scot. Bps. of Winchester. Lincolne. Covent and Lichfield. Chester. Dr. Cole Deane of Pauls. Dr. Langdale. Dr. Harpsfield. Dr. Cheadsey. Arch-Deac of Lewes. Canterbury. Middlesex.	Nicholas Heath. Bp. of York. Sr. Nicholas Bacon Lord Keeper of the great Seal.	John Scory late Bp. of Chichester. David Whitehead. Robert Horne. Edmond Gwest. Edwine Sands. John Aelmer. Edmond Grindall. John Jewell.

The passages of this Disputation (whereof more Noise then fruit, and wherein more Passion then Reason, Cavils then Arguments) are largely reported by M^r. Fox. It was ordered that each side should tender their Judgements in writing to avoid verball extravagancies, as also in English for the better information of the Nobility and Gentry of the house of Parlia∣ment, their Auditors, and that the Papists should begin first, and the Pro∣testants, answer them. But in the second dayes disputation, this order was broken by the Popish Bishops, who quitting their Primacy to the Pro∣testants, stood peremptorily upon it, that they themselves would deliver their Judgements last. Alledging in their behalf the fashion of the Schools, that because they had the negative on their side, the others ought first to op∣pose; Citing also the Custome of the Courts at Westminster, where the plain∣tiffe pleadeth before the defendant, conceiving themselves in the nature and notion of the Later, because maintaining those opinions, whose Truth, time out of minde were established. Chester, more open then the Rest, plainly confessed, that if the protestants had the last word, they would come off, cum Applausu Populi, with applause of the People, which themselves, it seems, most desired; Whereby it appears what Wind they wished for, not what was fittest to fanne the truth, but what would blow them most re∣putation. In this Refusal to begin, Winchester and Lincolne behaved them∣selves faucily, and scornfully, the rest stiffly and resolutely; only Fecken∣ham Abbot of Westminster, (who it seems the second day was added to the Popish Disputants) carried it with more meeknesse and moderation. Hereup∣on the Lord Keeper cut off this conference, with this sharp Conclusion. See∣ing my Lords we cannot now hear you, you may perchance shortly hear more of us.

11. Yet need we not behold the frustration of this meeting, as a private Doome, peculiarly to this conference alone, but as the generall Destiny of such publike Colloquies, which like Sicamore-trees prove barren, and which the larger the Leaves of the Expectation, the less the fruits of Successe. The Assembly dissolved, it were hard to say, which were lowder, the Papists in Complaining, or the Protestants in Triumphing. The former found themselves agrieved that they were surprised of a sudden, having but two dayes warning to provide themselves. That Bacon the Moderator (though well skil'd in matters of Equity, ignorant in matters of Divinity) was their Zealous Enemy, to whom the Arch-Bishop was added only for a stale. That to call such fundamentall points of Doctrine into question, would cause an unsetlednesse in Religion of dangerous consequence, both to sin∣gle souls, and to the Church in generall. That it was unlawfull for them, owing obedience to the Sea Apostolike, without leave of his Ho∣linesse first obtained to discusse these truthes long since decided in the Church.

13. The Protestants on the other side slighted the Papists Plea of want of Warning, seeing (besides that both sides were warned at the same time) that Party sent a challenge, and gave the first defiance in their late Declarati∣on; and now it was Senselesse in them to complain that they were set upon unawares. That if the truths were so clear as they pretended, and their learning so great as was reputed, little Study in this Case was required. That Bacon was appointed Moderator, not to decide the matters Contro∣verted, but to regulate the manner of their Disputation, whereunto his known Gravity and Discretion, without deep learning did sufficiently enable him. That it was an old Policy of the Papists to account every thing fundamentall in Religion, which they were loth should be removed, and that the recei∣ving of erroneous principles into the Church, without examination, had been the mother of much ignorance, and security therein. For the prevent∣ing of the farther growth whereof, no fitter means then an unpartiall redu∣cing

of all Doctrines to the triall of the Scriptures. that their declining the Disputation, manifested the badnesse of their Cause, seeing no pay-master will refuse the touch or scales, but such as suspect their Gold to be base or light. That formerly Papists had disputed those points when power was on their side, so that they loved to have Syllogisms in their mouths, when they had swords in their hands.

14. It remaineth now, that we acquaint the reader, how the popish Bps. were disposed of, who now fell under a 4. fold division.

• 1 Dead,
• 2 Fled,
• 3 Deprived,
• 4 Continued.

There were nine of the first sort, who were of the Death-gard of Q. Mary, as expiring either a little before her decease. viz.

• John Capon.
• Robert Parfew.
• Maurice Griffin,
• William Glyn.
  • B^p. of
    • Sarisbury.
    • Hereford.
    • Rochester.
    • Bangor.
      • These were Q. Mary her Vshers to her grave.

Or a little after her departure, as

• Riegnald Pole.
• John Hopton.
• John Brookes.
• John Holyman.
• Henry Morgan.
  • B^p. of
    • Canterbury
    • Norwich.
    • Glocester.
    • Bristol.
    • S. Davids.
      • These were Q. Maries trainbearers to the same.

15. Three only made their flight beyond the seas, namely 1. Thomas Goldwell of S^t. Asaph, who ran to Rome, and there procured of the Pope, the renewing of the indulgences, (for a set time) to such as superstitiously repaired to the well of S^t. Winnifride. 2. Cuthert Scot of Chester, who afterwards lived and died at Lovain. 3. Richard Pates of Worcester, whose escape was the rather connived at, because being a moderate Man, he refused to persecute any Protestant for his difference in religion.

16. Be it here remembred, that the See of Worcester had nine Bishops successively.

• whereof
  • The four first, (being all Italians) none of them lived there.
  • The five last, [Latimer, Bel, Heath, Hooper, Pates,] none of them died there as either resigning, removed or deprived, and all five were alive together in the raigne of Q. Mary.

As for Pates, we finde him thus subscribing the councell of Trent, Richardus Patus Episcopus Wigorniensis, under-writing only in his private and perso∣nall capacity, having otherwise no deputation as in any publick im∣ployment.

17. The third sort succeeds, of such who on the refusall of the oath of supremacy, were all deprived, though not restrained alike. Bonner was impriso∣ned in the Marshalsea, a Jaile beeing conceived the safest place to secure him from peoples fury, every hand itching to give a good squeeze to that Spunge of Blood. White, and Watson, Bishops of Winchester and Lincoln, died in du∣rance, their liberty being inconsistent with the Queens safety whom they threatned to excommunicate.

18. As for Bishop Tonstal, and Thyrlby, they were committed to Arch-Bishop Parker. Here they had sweet chambers, soft beds, warme fires, plentifull and wholsome diet, (each Bishop faring like an Arch-Bishop, as fed

at his table) differing nothing from their former living, save that, that was on their own charges, and this on the cost of another. Indeed they had not their wonted attendance of supperfluous Servants, nor needed it, seeing a long train doth not warme but weary the wearer thereof. They lived in 〈◊〉〈◊〉 custody, and all things considered, custody did not so soure their freedome, as freedome did sweeten their custody.

19. The rest (though confin'd for a while) soon found the favour to live Prisoners on their Parole, having no other Jaylour than their own promise. Thus Poole of Peterburgh, Turbervile of Exeter &c. lived in their own, or their friends houses. The like liberty was allowed tho Heath Arch-Bishop of Yorke, who (like another Abiathar sent home by Solomon to his own fields in Anathoth lived cheerfully at Chobham in Surry, where the Queen often courteously visited him.

20. Popish writers would perswade people, that these Bishops were cruelly used in their prisons, should their hyperbolicall expressions be recei∣ved as the just measure of truth. Carceribus varijsque cusodiis commissi, lon∣go miseriarum taedio extincti sunt, saith Sanders, Confessor obiit in vmculis saith Pitzeus of White. A great cry and a little pain. Many of our poor Protestants in the Marian dayes said lesse, and suffered more. They were not sent into a complementall custody, but some of them thrust into the prison, of a prison, where the Sun shined as much to them at mid-night, as-at noon-day. Where∣as Abbot Feckenham of Westminster (who as a Parliamentary Baron, may goe in equipage with the other Bishops) may be an instance▪ how well the Pa∣pists were used after their deprivation. For He grew Popular for his alms to the poor, which speaks the Queens bounty to Him, in enabling him (a prisoner) to be bountifull to others.

21. Onely one Bishop conformed himself to the Queens commands, and was continued in his place, viz. Anthony Kitchin, alias Dunstan of Lan∣daffe. Camden calls him, Sedis s••ae calamitatem. The bane of his Bishoprick, wasting the lands thereof by letting long leases, as if it were given to Binomi∣nous Bishops (such as had two Names to be the empairers of their Churches, as may appear by these 4. contemporaries in the raigne of K. Henry the 8.

• John Capon
• John Voisey
• Robert Parfew
• Anthony Kitchin
  • alias
    • Salcot
    • Harman
    • Warton
    • Dunstan
      • spoiled
        • Sarisbury.
        • Exeter.
        • S^t. Asaph.
        • Landaffe.

I know what is pleaded for them, that Physicians in desperate consumptions, prescribe the shaving of the Head, (which will grow again) to save the life, and that these Bishops, fearing the finall alienation of their lands, passed long leases for the prevention thereof, though whether Policy or Covetousnesse most shared in them herein, we will not determine. Only I finde a mediate suc∣cessour of Kitchins (and therefore concerned to be knowing therein) much excusing him from this common defamation of wronging his See, be∣cause many forged leases are countenanced under the pretence of this passing the same.

22. As for the number of Recusants which forsook the land at this time, the prime of them were, Henry Lord Morley, S^r. Francis Inglefield, Thomas Shelly, and John Gage Esqrs; As for the Nuns of Sion, and other Votaries wasted over, we have formerly treated of them in our History of Abbies. Nor were there moe then eighty Rectours of Churches, fifty Prebendaries, fif∣teen Masters of Colledges, twelve Arch-Deacons, twelve Deans, with six Abbots, and Abbesses deprived at this time of their places thoroughout all England.

23. Now the Queen and Her Councell, accounted it high time to sup∣ply the Church of Canterbury (which hitherto had stood Vacant a yeer, and three weeks) with an Arch-Bishop. D^r. Matthew Parker is appointed for the place; borne in Norwich, bred in Cambridge, Master of, Benefactour to Bennet-Colledge there, Chaplain to Queen Anne Bollen (a relation, which, next his own merits befriended him with Queen Elizabeth, for such high, and suddain advancement) then to King Henry the eighth, Deane of the Col∣ledge of Stoke juxta Clare, a learned, and religious Divine. He confuted that character which one gives of Antiquaries, that generally they are either supersti∣tious, or supercilious, his skill in antiquity being attended with soundnesse of doctrine, and humility of manners. His Book called Antiquitates Britanicae hath indebted all posterity to his pen. Which work our greata Critick cites as written by M^r. Joscelin, one much employed in the making thereof. But we will not set the memories of the Patrone, and Chaplaine, at variance (who loved so well in their lives time) nor needeth any Writ of partition to be sued out betwixt them, about the authorship of this book, though pro∣bably one brought the matter, the other composure thereof.

24. The Queen had formerly sent order to D^r. Wotton, Dean of Can∣terbury (an exquisite Civilian, and therefore one who may be presumed cri∣tical in such performances) and to the Chapter there, to choose Matthew Parker their Arch-Bishop, which within fourteen dayes after was by them ac∣cordingly performed. This done, She directeth Her Letters-Patents in man∣ner, and forme following,

Elizabethab Dei Gratia, &c. Reverendis in Christo Patribus, Antonio Landavensi Episcopo, Will, Barlow quondam Bath. & Well. Ep. nunc Cicestrensi electo, Joh, Scory quondam Cicestrensi Episcopo, nunc electo He••esor. Miloni Coverdalio, quondam Exoniensi Episcopo, Jo∣hanni Surffaganeo Bedford, Johanni Suffraganeo Thetford, Johanni Bale Osserensi Episcopo.

Quatenus vos, aut ad minus quatuor vestrûm, eundem Matthaeum Par∣kerum in Archiepiscopum, & Pastorem Ecclesiae Cathedralis, & Metropo∣liticae Christi Cantuariensis praedictae, sicut praefertur, electum, electionem∣que praedictum confirmare, & eundem Magistrum Matthaeum. Parkerum in Archiepiscopum, & Pastorem Ecclesiae praedictae consecrare, caeteraque omnia, & singula peragere, quae vestro in hac parte editorum, & provisorum, velitis cum effectu &c. Dat, sexto Decembris, Anno secun∣do Elizabethae.

But the old Bishop of Landaffe appeared not at the Consecration, terrified (say the Papists) by Bonners threats, so as to absent himself, which others do not believe. For, he that feared not the Lion out of the grate, would he be frighted with the Lion within the grate? If Bonner, when at liberty, could not deterr him from taking the oath of Supremacy, impro∣bable it is, that when now detain'd prisoner in the Tower, he could disswade him from his obedience to his Soveraigne. More likely it is, that his ab∣sence (as also Bishop Bale's, and the Suffragans of Thetford was occasio∣ned by their indisposition of body, and infirmity of old age.

25. But the other four Bishops appeared, William Barlow, John Scory, Miles Coverdal, and John Hodgskins, by whom Matthew Parker was solemn∣ly consecrated in manner, and forme following. The East part of the Chap∣pel ofc Lambeth was hung with tapestry, the floore spred with red cloth, chairs and cushions are conveniently placed for the purpose; morning pray∣er being solemnly read by Andrew Peerson, the Arch-Bishops Chaplaine, Bishop Scory went up into thed pulpit, and took for his text, Thee Elders which

are among you I exhort, who also am an Elder; and a witnesse of the sufferings of Christ, &c. Sermon ended, and the Sacrament administred, they pro∣ceed to the Consecration: the Arch-Bishop had his Rochet on, with He∣reford, and the Suffragan of Bedford, Chichester wore a silke cope, and Cover∣dal a plain cloth-gown down to his ancles. All things are done con••ormable to the book of Ordination, Letanie sung, the Queens Patent for Parkers con∣secration audibly read by D^r. Vale, he is presented, the oath of Supremacy tendred to him, taken by him, hands reverendly imposed on him, and all with prayers begun, continued, concluded. In a word, though here was no Theatrical pompe to make it a Popish pageant; though no sandals, gloves, ring, staffe, oyle, pall &c. were used upon him, yet there was ce∣remony enough to cloth his consecration with decency, though not to clog it with superstition.

26. This his consecration is avowed most legal, both according to Ca∣non, and Common Law. In the latter it was ordered by King Henrya the eighth, that an Arch-Bishops; should not be consecrated but by an Arch∣bishop, and two Bishops; or by four Bishops, in case an Arch-Bishop was wanting, as here it was performed. Object not that one of these foure was but a Suffragan, seeing such by theb laws of the land (though not a∣ble to vote as Barons in Parliament) had Episcopal power to all purposes, and intents. Neither cavill, that Coverdale henceforward led a private life, being always a Bishop quoad characterem, and for the present quoad j••es & ••itulum (Exeter, his former Bishoprick being actually void by the deprivation of Turbervile though refusing to be so quoad possessionem. As for the canonical part of his consecration, six of the most eminent Doctours of that facul∣ty England then afforded, gave it under their hands, that the same was exactly observed.

27. Yet notwithstanding all circumstances so solemnly performed, some impudent Papists have raised a lie, that Matthew Parker was consecra∣ted Ad caput manni, At the Naggs-head, a tavern in Cheapside. Indeed they shew a place therein, just against the barr, so anciently arched, that an active phansie (which can make any thing of any thing) may create to it self a top, or rester of a pulpit thereof, though the like thereunto may be seen elsewhere in the city. But that this lie of the naggs-head was bred in a knaves brains, doth plainly appear. For, why should a rich man be a thief: seeing all Church∣es in England were equally open unto them to pick, and choose at pleasure, why should they steal a clandestine consecration in a place so justly obnoxious to censure? Were not the Cana••nites, and Perizzites then in the land? Were not many prying Papists then mingled amongst Protestants? which con∣sideration alone would command them to be cautious in their proceedings. Besides, that mock-pulpit shewen at this day at the entrance of that tavern, was inconsistent with the secrecie (which is said to be their designe) who would rather have made choice of an inner, and more remote roome for that purpose. But, when once one Jesuite had got this shamelesse lie of the N••ggs∣head (I can not say by the taile, but) by the ears, instantly Champn••y, ••itz∣Simon Persons, Killison, Constable, and all the whole kennell of them, baule it out in their books to all posterity.

28. All the authority the Papists produce for their Naggs-head-Conse∣cration, is ultimately resolved into the single testimony of one Thomas Neale, Chaplaine to Bishop Bonner, and sometimes Hebrew-Professour in Oxford. But, was this Neale known, or unknown to the Bishops, pretended in this taverne-assembly? If known, as most probable he was (Bonners Chap∣lains bearing their Masters marke, the indeleble character of cruelty stamped upon them, as the Wolfe is too well known to the sheep) it is utterly unlikely they would permit a person, vowing open opposition to their proceedings, to be present thereat. If Neale were unknown, the English Bishops (whom

the Papists, though they call Hereticks, do not count fools) would not admit a stranger to their privacies of such importance, seeing commonly in such cases, mens jealousies interpret every unknown face to be a foe unto them.

29. To the testimony of Neale,a one endeavours to twist the witness of John Stow, to prove this Nags-head-consecration. A silent wittness, who says nothing herein, if either we consult his Chronicle of our Kings or his Survey of London, he neither speaks words, nor makes any signes thereof. But (saith the Jesuite) Stow, though prudently omitting to print it, told the same to some of his private friends. I pray, to whom? where? and when? and what credible witnesses do attest it? Be it referr'd to the inge∣nuity of our very adversaries, whether their bare surmises without any proof, be to be believed before the publique Records, faithfully taken when the thing was done, carefully preserved ever since, intirely extant at this day, and truly transcribed here by us. Besides, Charles Howard, Earle of Nottingham (not more famous for the Coronet of a Count, than the crown of old age) alive in the later end of the Reigne of King James, being requested of a friend, whether he could remember Matthew Parkers conse∣cration, gave an exact account of the same solemnly performed in Lambeth Chappel, being himself an eyewitness thereof, and an invited guest to the great feast kept there that day, therefore the more observant of all particu∣lar passages thereat, because the said Arch-Bishop was related to him as a kins∣man. Let such as desire further satisfaction herein, consult learnedb Mason (whom King James justly termed a wise builder in Gods house) who hath left no stones unturn'd to clear the truth, and stop the mouth of malicious ad∣versaries. Let the Papists therefore not be so busie to cast durt on our Bishops, but first fall on washing the face of their own Pope, even John the twelv'th, whom an excellentc authour reporteth to have ordained a Deacon in a sta∣ble, for which two Cardinals reproved him. And let these three stories be told together, that the Empress Hellen was the daughter of an Hostler; that Arch-Bishop Cranmer himself was an Hostler; and, that our first Bps. in Queen Elizabeths dayes were consecrated in the Naggs-head. I say let these three be told together, because wise, and good men will believe them together, as all comming forth of the forge of falsehood, and malice.

30. Now though we are not to gratifie our Adversaries with any Ad∣vantages against us, yet so confident is our innocence herein, that It may ac∣quaint the world with that small foundation on which this whole report was bottom'd: Every Arch-Bishop, or Bishop presents himself in Bow-Church, accompanied thither with Civilians, where any shall be heard, who can make any legall exceptions, against his Election. A Dinner was provided for them at the Naggs-head in Cheapside, as convenient for the Vicinity thereof, and from this Sparke hath all this Fire been kindled; to admonish posteri∣ty not only to do no evil but also in this Captious Age, to refrain from all appea∣rance thereof.

31. Parker, thus solemnly consecrated, proceeded, with the assistance of the aforesaid Bishops, to the consecration of other grave Divines; and not (as Sanders lewdly lies) that these new elected Bishops, out of good fellowship, mutually consecrated one another; some whereof were put into Bishopricks void.

• By the
  • Natural death, as Sarisbury, Rochester, Glocester, Bristol, Bangor, or,
  • Voluntary desertion, as Worcester, and S^t. Asaph, or,
  • Legal deprivation of the former Bishops, as all other Sees in England.

Suffice it at this time to present a present Catalogue of their names, Sees, with the dates of their consecrations, referring their commendable cha∣racters, to be set down, when we come to their respective deaths.

Province of Canterbury.

1. Edward Grindal 2. Richard Cox. 3. Edwin Sandys 4. Rowland Merick 5. Nicolas Bullingham 6. John Jewell 7. Thomas Young 8. Richard Davies 9. Thomas Bentham 10. Gilbert Barclay 11. Edmond Gwest 12. William Alley 13. Iohn Parkhurst 14. Robert Horne 15. Edmond Scambler 16. Richard Cheiney

conse∣crated,

London, Decem. 21. 1559. Elie, Decem. 21. 1559. Worcester, Decem. 21. 1559. Bangor, Decem. 21. 1559. Lincolne, Janu. 21. 1559. Sarisbury, Janu. 21. 1556. S. Davids, Janu. 21. 1559. S. Asaph, Janu. 21. 1559. Coven. & Lichfield, Mar. 24. 1559. Bath, and Wells, Mar. 24. 1559. Rochester, Mar. 24. 1559. Exeter, July. 14. 1560. Norwich, Sept. 1. 1560. Winchester, Feb. 16. 1560. Peterburgh, Feb. 16. 1560. Glocester, Apr. 19. 1562.

Province of Yorke.

1. Thomas Young, translated from St. Davids to Yorke 2. James Pilkington, 3. John Best 4. George Downham

conse∣crated,

Feb. 20. 1560. Durham, Mar. 2. 1560. Carlile, Mar. 2. 1561. Chester, May, 4. 1561.

The other Bishopricks were thus disposed of, Richard Cheiney held Bristol in Commendam with Glocester; Barlow, and Scory, Bishops in King Edward's dayes, were translated, the one to Chicester, the other to Hereford. As for the Bishoprick of Oxford, as it was void at this time; so it continued for some years after.

32. We must not forget how the Bishoprick of Carlile was first pro∣fered to Bernard Gilpin, that Patriarchal Divine (Rectour of Houghton in the North as may appear by the ensuing letter of Edwina Sandys, Bishop of Worcester, wrote unto him.

MY much and worthily respected Cozen, having regard unto the good of the Church of Christ, rather than to your ease, I have by all the good means I could, been carefull to have this charge imposed upon you, which may be both an honour to your self, and a benefit to the Church of Christ. My true report concerning you hath so prevailed with the Queens Majesty, that she hath nominated you Bishop of Carlile.

I am not ignorant that your inclination rather delighteth in the peacea∣ble tranquillity of a private life. But if you look upon the estate of the Church of England with a respective eye, you cannot with a good consci∣ence, refuse this charge imposed upon you: so much the less because it is in such a place, as wherein no man is found fitter then your self, to deserve well of the Church. In which respect I charge you before God, and as you shall answer to God herein, that, setting all excuses aside, you refuse not to assist your Countrie, and to do service to the Church of God to the uttermost

of your power. In the meanwhile I give you to understand, that the said Bishoprick is to be left untouched, neither shall any thing of it be diminished (as in some others it is a custom) but you shall receive the Bishoprick entire, as D^r. Oglethorp hath left it.

Wherefore exhorting, and charging you to be obedient to Gods call here∣in, and not to neglect the duty of our own calling, I commend both your self, and the whole business to the Divine Providence.

Your Kinsman, and Brother, Edwin Worcester.

But M^r. Gilpin desired to be excused, continuing unmoveable in his resolu∣tion of refusall. Not that he had any disaffection to the office (as some do believe themselves, and would willingly perswade others) but, because (as he privately confess'd to hisa friends) he had so much kindred about Carlile, at whom he must either connive in many things, not without hurt to himself; or else deny them, not without offence to them. To avoid which difficulties, he refused the Bishoprick. It was afterward bestowed (as in our Catalogue) on D^r. Iohn Best, a grave, and learned Divine. But whether on the same terms (without any diminution to the Church) my b authour knew not, leaving us under a shrewd suspicion of the negative.

33. If any demand of me, why Barlow formerly Bishop of Bath, and Wells; and Scory Bishop of Chicester, were not rather restored to their own, than translated to other Bishopricks, As certainly I do not know, so will∣ingly I will not guess at the cause thereof; though I have leasure to listen to the conjectures of others herein. Some impute it to their own desires (pre∣ferring faire paper before what was soiled with their ill successe) rather to begin on a new account, than to renew their reckoning with those Bisho∣pricks, where they had been interrupted with persecution. Others ascribe it to the Queen, herein shewing her absolute power of disposition and trans∣position of all Prelates; at Her pleasure crossing Her hands, and translating Scory from Chichester to Hereford, Barlow from Bath and Wells to Chiche∣ster. A third sort resolve it on a point of the Queens frugality (a vertue needfull in a Princess coming to a Crown in Her condition) to get new first-fruits by their new translations, which otherwise would not accrue by their restitutions. Sure I am, none of these Conjecturers were either of the Bed∣ehamber, or Counc••ll-Board to the Queen, acquainted with Her intentions herein.

34. As for Miles Coverdale, formerly Bishop of Exeter, he never re∣turned to his See, but remained a private Minister to the day of his death. Indeed it was true of him, what is said of others,c He was as a fire-brand pluckt out of the burning, being designed to death by Queen Mary, had not the seasonable, and importunate intercession of Frederick, King of Denmarke, redeemed him. And, although his dissenting in judgement from some ce∣remonies in our Discipline, is generally alledged as the cause of his not re∣turning to his Bishoprick, yet more probable it is, it was caused by his im∣potencie, as may appear by his Epitaph, which here we have thought fit to insert, as I took it from the brass-inscription of his marble-stone, under the Communion-Table in the Chancell of S^t. Bartholomews behinde the Exchange.

Hic tandem requiemque ferens, finemque laborum, Ossa Coverdalis mortua tumbus habet. Exoniae qui Praesul crat dignissimus olim, Insignis vitae vir probitate suae. Octoginta annos grandaevus vixit & unum, Indignum passus saepius exilium. Sic demum variis jactatum casibus, ista Excepit gremio terra benigna suo.

Obiit 1568. Jan. 20.

Now if Coverdale Anno 1568. was fourscore and one year of age, then at this very time when he consecrated Parker, was he seventy two years old, passing with Iessea for an old man; yea he had passed theb age of man, and therefore henceforward, finding himself fitter for devotion, than action, refused the resumption of his Bishoprick.

35. So much for the Bishops. As for the inferiour Clergy under them, the best that could be gotten were placed in pastoral charges. Alas; tole∣rability was eminency in that age. A rush-candle seemed a torch where no brighter light was er'e seen before. Surely preaching now ran very low, if it be true what I read, that M^r. Tavernour, of Water-Eaton in Oxford-shire, High-Sheriffe of the County, came in pure charity, not ostentation, and gave the Scholars a Sermon in S^t. Maries, with his gold chain about his neck, and his sword by his side, beginning with these words,c.

Arriving at the mount of S^t. Maries, in the stony stage where I now stand, I have brougt you some fine biskets, baked in the oven of charity, and carefully conserved for the chickens of the Church, the sparrows of the Spi∣rit, and the sweet swallows of salvation.

If England in our memory hath been sensible of a perfective alteration in her Churches; if since she hath seen more learning in the peoples pews, than was then generally in the Readers deske, yea Preachers Pulpit; let God be more glorified in it, men more edified by it; seeing of late the Universities have afforded moe vine-dressers, than the Country could yeeld them vine∣yards. Yea, let us be jealous over our selves with a godly jealousie, lest our ingratitude make us to relapse into the like ignorance, and barbarisme. For, want of bread was not so much the suffering of those dayes, as fulness thereof hath lately been the sin of ours.

36. Great abuses being offered to the monuments of the dead, the Queen thought fitting seasonably to retrench the increase of such impieties. And, although her Proclamation being printed, the printing of Her name thereunto had been of as much validity in it self, and of far more ease to Her Majesty, yet to manifest Her Princely zeal therein, She severally signed each copie (and those numerous to be dispers'd thoroughout all Her Domini∣ons) with Her own hand. And, seeing Shee begrutched not Her pains to superscribe Her name, I shall not think much of mine to transcribe the whole Proclamation.

Elizabeth.

THe Queens Majesty understanding, that by the means of sundry peo∣ple, partly ignorant, partly malitious, or covetous; there hath been of ••••te yeers spoiled and broken certain ancient Monuments, some of metall, some of stone, which were erected up as well in Churches, as in other publike places within this Realme, only to shew a memory to the po∣sterity of the persons there buried, or that had been benefactours to the building, or dotations of the same Churches, or publique places, and not tonourish any kinde of superstition. By which means, not only the Church∣es, and places remain at this present day spoiled, broken, and ruinated, to the offence of all noble and gentle hearts, and the extinguishing of the honourable and good memory of sundry vertuous, and noble persons de∣ceased; but also the true understanding of divers families in this Realm (who have descended of the blood of the same persons deceased) is thereby so darkened, as the true course of their inheritance may be hereafter in∣terrupted, contrary to justice, besides many other offences that do hereof ensue to the slander of such as either gave, or had charge in times past only to deface monuments of idolatry, and false fained images in Churches, and Abbeys, And therefore, although it be very hard to recover things bro∣ken and spoiled: yet, both to provide that no such barbarous disorder be hereafter used, and to repaire as much of the said monuments as conveni∣ently maybe: Her Majesty chargeth and commandeth all maner of persons hereafter to forbear the breaking, or defacing of any parcell of any monu∣ment, or tombe, or grave, or other inscription, and memory of any per∣son deceased, being in any manner of place; or to break any image of Kings, Princes or Nobles, Estates of this Realme, or of any other that have been in times past erected, and set up, for the only memory of them to their posterity in common Churches, and not for any religious honour: or to break down and deface any image in glass-windows in any Churches, with∣out consent of the Ordinarie: upon pain that whosoever shall be herein found to offend, to be committed to the next Goale, and there to remain without baile, or mainprise, unto the next coming of the Justices, for the delivery of the said Goale; and then to be farther punished by fine, or im∣prisonment (besides the restitution, or reedification of the thing broken) as to the said Justices shall seem meet: using therein the advice of the Ordi∣nary; and, if need shall be, the advice of Her Majesties Councell in Her Starr-Chamber.

And for such as be already spoiled in any Church, or Chappell, now standing: Her Majesty chargeth, and commandeth all Arch-Bishops, Bish∣ops, and other Ordinaries, or Ecclesiastical persons, which have authority to visit the Churches, or Chappels, to enquire by presentments of the Cu∣rates, Church-wardens, and certain of the parishioners, what manner of spo••les have been made sithence the beginning of Her Majesties raigne, of such monuments, and by whom; and if the persons be living, how able they be to repair, and readifie the same; and thereupon to convent the same persons, and to enjoyn them under pain of Excommunication, to re∣pair the same by a convenient day, or otherwise (as the cause shall farther require) to notifie the same to Her Majesties Councell in the Sarr-chamber at Westminster. And, if any such be found, and convicted thereof, not able to repair the same; that then they be enjoyned to do open pennance two or three times in the Church, as to the quality of the crime, and party be∣longeth, under the like pain of excommunication. And if the party that offended be dead: and the Executours of the Will left having sufficient

in their hands unadministred, and the offence notorious; the Ordinarie of the place shall also enjoyn them to repair, or reedifie the same, upon like, or any other convenient pain, to be devised by thesaid Ordinarie. And when the offender cannot be presented, if it be in any Cathedral, or Col∣legiate Church, which hath any revenue belonging to it, that is, not parti∣cularly allotted to the sustentation of any person certain, or otherwise, but that it may remain in the discretion of the governour thereof, to bestow the same upon any other charitable deed, as mending of high-wayes or such like; Her Majesty enjoyneth, and straitly chargeth the governours, and companies of every such Church, to employ such parcels of the said sums of mony (as any wise may be spared) upon the speedy repaire, or reedifica∣tion of any such monuments so defaced, or spoiled, as agreeable to the original, as the same conveniently may be.

And where the covetousness of certain persons is such, that as Patrons of Churches, or owners of the personages impropriated or by some other colour, or pretence, they do perswade with the Parson and Parishioners, to take, or throw down the bells of Churches, and Chappels, and the lead of the same, converting the same to their private gain, and to the spoils of the said places, and make such like alterations, as thereby they seek a slande∣rous desolation of the places of prayer: Her Majesty (to whom in the right of the Crown by the ordinance of Almighty God, and by the laws of this Realme, the defence and protection of the Church of this Realme belong∣eth) doth expressly forbid any manner of person, to take away any bells, or lead, of any Church, or Chappel, under pain of imprisonment during Her Majesties pleasure, and such farther fine for the contempt, as shall be thought meet.

And Her Majesty chargeth all Bishops, and Ordinaries to enquire of all such contempts, done from the beginning of Her Majesties raigne, and to enjoyn the persons offending, to repair the same within a convenient time. And of their doings in this behalf, to certifie Her Majesties privie-Councell or the Councell in the Sarr-Chamber at Westminster, that order may be taken herein.

Given at Windsor the 19^th. of September, the second year of Her Majesties raign.

Her Princely care took this desired effect, that it stopped the main stream of Sacriledge herein, though some by-rivolets thereof ran still in private Churches, in defiance of all orders provided to the contrary.

37. May the Reader take notice, that henceforward God willing, we will set down at the end of every year, the deaths of such eminent Divines, who deceased therein, though we finde no funeralls of any prime Protestant in the two first yeers of the Queens raigne. Her coming to the Crown in∣spirited the weakest, and oldest with vigorousnesse, and vivacity for a time; and Divine Providence preserved them from blasting, who were but newly replanted in their places. Only we conjecture, that John Bale Bishop of Ossorie, died about this time, we finding no future mention of his activity; which, if alive, could not conceal it self. Pity it is, we cannot give the ex∣act date of his death, who was so accurate in noting the deeeases of others. For this John Bale, was he, who (besides many other books) enlarged Le∣land, and continued the Lives of the English Writers. Borne at Covy, near

Dunwich in Suffolke, bred in Cambridge, afterwards a Carmelite in Norwich, and ignorantly zealous in their superstitions. He was first converted to the knowledge of the Gospel, as himselfa confesseth, by the care of that wor∣thy Lord, Thomas Lord Wentworth, of Nettlested in Suffolke. Whereupon (to use his own expression) he was transported from his barren mount Carmel, to the fair and fruitfull vale of the Gospel.

38. Presently comes persecution. For his preaching of the Gospell, he is drag'd from the Pulpit to the Consistory, before Lee Arch-Bishop of Yorke; and for the same cause, was afterwards convented before Stokesley, Bishop of London; but the Lord Cromwell (much affected with the facetious∣ness of such Comedies, as he had presented unto him) rescued him from their paws, by his power. After eight yeers exile in Germany, he was re∣called by King Edward, and made Bishop of Oss••rie in Ireland, where he re∣mained but a short time. For after the Kings death he hardly escaped with his own life (some of his servants being slain) cast by tempest into Cornewall, taken by pirates, dearly redeemed, with much difficulty he recovered London, with more danger got over into Germany. Whence returning, in the first of Queen Elizabeth, about this time he ended his life, leaving a Scholars Inventory, moe books (many of his own making) than mony behinde him.

39. His friends say, that Bale his pen doth zealously confute such as are strangers to him conceive, it doth bitterly enveigh; and his foes say, it doth damnably raile on Papists, and their opinions; though something may be pleaded for his passion. Old age, and ill usage will make any man angry. When young, he had seen their superstition; when old, he felt their oppression. Give losers therefore leave to speak, and speakers to be cholerick in such cases. The best is, Bale railes not more on Patists then Pits (employed on the same subject) on Protestant Writers; and, even set me against the other, whilest the discreet reader of both, paring off the extravagances of passion on each side, may benefit himself in quietness, from their loud, and clamorous invectives.

40. Pius the fourth, being newly setled in the Papal chaire, thought to do something, no less honourable, than profitable to his See, in reducing Queen Elizabeth (a wandring sheep worth a whole flock) to the Church of Rome. In order whereunto, he not only was deaf to the importunity of the Count of Feria, pressing him (for a private grudge) to excommunicate Her, but also addressed Vincent Parpalia, Abbot of S^t. Saviours, with courteous let∣ters unto her. The tenour whereof ensueth.

To our most dear Daughter in Christ, Elizabeth Queen of England.

DEar daughter in Christ, health and Apostolical benediction. How greatly we desire (our Pastoral charge requiring it) to procure the salvation of your soule, and to provide likewise for your honour, and the establishment of your Kingdom withall, God the searcher of all hearts know∣eth and you may understand by what we have given in charge to this our beloved son Vincentius Parpalia, Abbot of S^t. Saviours, a man well known to you, and well approved by us. Wherefore we do again and again exhort, and admonish your Highnesse, most dear daughter, that re∣jecting evil Councellours, which love not you, but themselves, and serve

their own lusts, you would take the fear of God into Counsel with you, and acknowledging the time of your visitation, shew your selves obe••ient to our fatherly perswasions, and wholsome Counsells; and promise to your self from us all things that may make not only to the salvation of your soul, but also whatso∣ever you shall desire from us for the establishing & confirming of your Prince∣ly dignity, according to the authority place, and office committed unto us by God. And if so be, as we desire and hope, you shall return into the bosome of the Church, we shall be ready to receive you with the same love, honour, and rejoycing, that the Father in the Gospel did his Son returning to him: al∣though our joy is like to be the greater in that he was joyfull for the salvation of one Son, but you, drawing along with you all the people of England, shall hear us and the whole company of our brethren (who are shortly God willing, to be assembled in a generall Councell, for the taking away of here∣sies, and so for the salvation of your self, and your whold nation) fill the Vniversal Church with rejoycing, and gladnesse, Yea, you shall make glad heaven it self with such a memorable fact, and atchieve admirable renown to your name, much more glorious than the Crown you wear. But, con∣cerning this matter, the same Vincentius shall deal with you more largely, and shall declare our fatherly affection toward you: and we intreate your Majesty to receive him lovingly, to hear him diligently, and to give the same credit to his speeches, which you would to our self.

Given at Rome at S. Peters &c. the fifth day of May 1560. in our first yeer.

What private proposals Parpalia made to her Majesty, on condition she would be reconciled to Rome is unknown. Some conceive the Pope might promise more then He meant to perform, but would He perform more than He did promise, nothing herein had been effected. A Bargain can never be driven, where a Buyer can on no terms be procured. Her Majesty was reso∣lute and unmoveable in her Religion. And yet some (not more knowing of Councells, but more daring in Conjectures than others) who love to feiga, what they cannot finde, that they may never appear to be at a loss, avouch that the Pope promised to revoke the Sentence, against her mother Anne Bol∣lens marriage, to confirme our English Lithurgie by his authority, to permit the English, the Communion under both kinds, provided she would own the Popes Primacy, and cordially unite her self to the Catholike Church. Yea some thousands of Crowns, (but all in vain) were promised to the effectors thereof, wherein his holinesse, seemingly liberal, was really thrifty, as know∣ing such his Sums, if accepted, would within one year return with an hundred fold increase.

41. Scipio a Gentleman of Venice, formerly familiar with M^r. Jewel (whilst he was a student in Padua) wrot now an expostulating letter unto Him, being lately made Bishop of Sarisbury. Wherein he much admired that England should send no Embassadour, nor message, or letter to excuse their Nations absence from the general appearance of Christianity in the Sacred Councell of Trent. He highly extolled the antiquity and use of General Councels, as the only means to decide controversies in Religion, and compose the distractions in the Church, concluding it a Superlative Sin for any to de∣cline the authority thereof.

42. To this M^r. Jewel returned a large and solemn answer. Now although he wrote it as a private person, yet because the subject thereof was of publick concernment, take the principall Heads thereof.

a First, That a great part of the world professing the name of Christ (as Greeks, Armenians, Abessines &c. with all the Eastern Church) were neither sent to, nor summoned to this Councell.

Secondly, That Englands absence was not so great a wonder, seeing many other kingdoms and free-states, (as Denmarke, Sweden, Scotland, Princes of Germany and Hanse-Towns) were not represented in this Councel, by any of their Embassadors.

Thirdly, That this pretended Councell was not called according to the ancient custome of the Church, by the Imperiall Authority, but by Papall usurpation.

Fourthly, That Trent was a petty place not of sufficient receit for such multitudes, as necessarily should repair to a generall Councell.

Fifthly, That Pope Pius the fourth, by whose command the Councel was re-assembled, purchased his place by the unjust practises of Simony, and bri∣bery, and managed it with murder and Cruelty.

Sixthly, That repairing to Councells was a free-act, and none ought to be condemned of Contumacy, if it stood more with their conveniency to stay at home.

Seventhly, That anciently it was accepted as a reasonable excuse of holy Bishops, absenting, or withdrawing themselves, from any Councell, if they vehemently suspected ought would be acted therein prejudiciall to the Truth, lest their (though not active) included concurrence might be interpre∣ted a countenancing thereof.

Eightly, Our English Bishops were imployed in feeding their flocks, and governing their Churches, and could not be spared from their charge with∣out prejudice to their consciences.

Ninthly, The members of the Councell of Trent, both Bishops and Abbots, were by oath pregaged to the Pope to defend and maintain his autho∣rity against all the world.

Lastly, in what capacity should the English Clergy appear in this Councell? They could not as free-persons to debate matters therein, beeing pre-condem∣ned for Hereticks by Pope Julius. They would not come as Offendors, to hear the Sentence pronounced against themselves, which they had heard of be∣fore. What effect this Letter produced I finde not, sure I am no Papists as yet have made an effectuall refutation of the reasons rendered therein.

43. The Bells of S^t. Peters in Westminster had strangely rung the changes these last thirty yeers. Within which time, first it was a stately and rich Co∣vent of Benedictine Monks. Secondly, it was made a Collegiate Church of Dean and Prebendaries by King Henry the eighth. Thirdly, by the same King, is was made an Episcopall See, and Thomas Thirby (who having roast∣ed the Churches Patrimony, surrendred it to the spoile of Courtiers) the first and last Bishop thereof. Fourthly, Queen Mary re-seated the Abbot and Monks in the possession thereof, who were outed after her Death. Last∣ly, this yeer Queen Elizabeth converted it again into a Collegiate Church, founding therein maintenance for one Dean, twelve Prebendaries, as many old souldiers past service for Almsmen, and fourty Scholars, who in due time are preferred to the Universities, so that it hath proved one of the most renowned Seminaries, of Religion and learning in the whole nation.

44. Pope Pius though unsuccessfull in his addresses last yeer to the Queen, yet was not so disheartened, but that once more he would try what might be effected therein. To which purpose he imployed the Abbot of Martinegi with most loving letters unto her, desiring leave to come over into England. But the Queen knowing it less difficulty and danger to keep

him, then to cast him out of her Dominions, forbad his entrance into the Realme as against the Laws of the Land, So that he was fain to deliver his Errand, and receive his answer, (and that a deniall) at distance in the Low-Countries. As little successe had the Bishop of Viterbo, the Popes Nuncio to the King of France, secretly dealing with S^r. N. Throgmorton the Queens Agent, there to perswade her to send Embassadors to the Councell of Trent; which for the reasons afore mentioned was justly refused.

45. S^r. Edward Carne the Queens Leger at Rome, Doctor of Civill Law, Knighted by the Emperour Charles the fifth, pretended that as the Queen would not suffer the Popes Nuncio to come into England, so the Pope would not permit him to depart Rome: Whereas indeed the cunning old man was not detained, but detained himself; so well pleased was he with the place and his office therein. Where soon after he died, the last Leger of the English Nation to Rome publickly avowed in that imployment.

46. This yeer the Spire of Pauls-Steeple covered with lead strangely fell on fire, attributed by severall Persons to sundry Causes. Some that it was casually blasted with lightning, others that it was mischevously done by Art Magick; And others (and they the truest) done by the negligence of a Plummer carelessly leaving his coals therein. The fire burnt for five full hours, in which time it melted all the lead of the Church, only the stone Arches escaping the fury thereof: but by the Queens bounty and a Col∣lection from the Clergy, it was afterwards repaired, only the blunt Tower had not the top thereof sharpned into a Spire as before.

47. A petty rebellion happened in Merton Colledge in Oxford (small in it self, great in the consequence thereof, if not seasonably suppressed) on this occasion. Some Latine superstitious Hymns formerly sung on Festivalls had by order of the late Warden Dr. Gervas been abolished, and English Psalms appointed in their place: now when M^r. Leach a Fellow in the House on Allholland-day last had the Book in his hand ready to begin the Psalme: in springs one M^r. William Hall a seniour Fellow offering to snatch it from him with an intent to cast it into the fire, addinga moreover that they would no more dance after his pipe. This was done in the intervall of the vacancy of the Wardenship: For though John Man was lawfully chosen to the place, yet Hall and his Popish faction (whereof M^r. Potto, M^r. Binnion, and S^r. Ap∣pleby the Leaders) opposed his admission. And whereas in this House great was the power of a Seniour-Fellow (especially in office) over the young scholars, Hall raised such a persecution against them, that it was poenall for any to be a Protestant.

48. Arch-Bishop Parker hearing hereof, summoneth Hall to appear be∣fore him, who cared so little for the same, that some of his Party plucked off the Seal from the citation, which was affixed to the gates of the Colledge. Whereupon his Grace made a solemn visitation of that Colledge, wherein all were generally examined. Man confirmed Warden, Hall justly expelled, his party publickly admonished, the Young Schollers relieved, Papists curbed, and suppressed, Protestants countenanced, and encouraged in the whole Vniversity.

49. A Parliament was called,b wherein a Bill passed for the assurance of certain lands assumed by the Queen from some Bishopricks during their vaca∣tion. Another for the restitution in blood of the children of Thomas Cranmer late Arch-Bishop of Canterbury. Here fain would I be informed by some learn∣ed in the law, what needed the restoring of those Children, whose Father was condemned, and died only for Heresie; which is conceived a Personall crime, and not tainting the bloud. For although this Arch-Bishop was first accused of high-Treason, yet it afterwards was waved, and he tried upon haereticall opi∣nions. Except any will say, that because not solemnly and formally pardo∣ned, in majorem cantelam, such an Act was not amiss, or else done not so

much for the use of the living Children as honour of their dead Father.

50. A third Bill passed for the Translating of the Bible into the Welsh tongue, which sicnce the Reformation may hitherto be said to have been read in Latin in their Congregations, English being Latin to them as in the most Parishes of Wales utterly un-understood. This some years after was performed, princi∣pally by the endeavours ofa William Morgan Doctor of Divinity, afterwards Bishop of Landaff, and thence preferred to S^t Asaph, but worthy for his work of better advancement.

51. In the Convocation now sitting, wherein Alexander Nowel Dean of S^t Pauls was Prolocutor, the nine and thirty Articles were composed. For the main they agree with those set forth in the Reign of King Edward the sixth, though in some particulars allowing more liberty to dissenting judgments. For instance, in this Kings Articles it is said, that it is to be be believed, that Christ went down to Hell [to preach to the Spirits there,] which last clause is left out in these Articles, and men left to a latitude concerning the cause, time, and manner of his Descent.

52. Hence some have unjustly taxed the Composers for too much favour ex∣tended in their large expressions, clean through the contexture of these Arti∣cles, which should have tied mens consciences up closer in more strict and particularizing propositions, which indeed proceeded from their commend∣able moderation, Childrens cloaths ought to be made of the biggest, be∣cause afterwards their bodies will grow up to their garments. Thus the Ar∣cles of this English Protestant Church in the infancy thereof, they thought good to draw up in general terms, foreseeing that posteritie would grow up to fill the same. I mean these holy men did prudently pre-discover, that differences in judgments would unavoidably happen in the Church, and were loath to un∣church any, and drive them off from an Ecclesiastical communion for such petty differences, which made them pen the Articles in comprehensive words to take in all, who differing in the branches, meet in the root of the same Religion.

53. Indeed most of them had formerly been sufferers themselves, and can∣not be said in compiling these Articles (an acceptable service no doubt) to offer to God what cost them nothing,b some having paid Imprisonment, others Exile, all losses in their Estates for this their experimental knowledg in Religion: which made them the more merciful and tender in stating those points, seeing such who themselves have been most patient in bearing, will be most pittiful in bur∣dening the consciences of others.

54. It is observable, these Articles came forth much about the time where∣in the Decrees of the Councel of Trent were published, Truth, and Falshood start∣ing in some sort both together, though the former will surely carry away the victory at long running. Many of which Decrees begin with Lying, and all con∣clude with Cursing, thundering Anathemas against all Dissenters. Whilest these our Articles like the still voice only plainly express the Positive truth.

55. But some nine years after, Viz. Anno 1571. the Parliamentc con∣firmed these Articles so far, that every Clerk should before the Nativity of Christ next following subscribe the same. And hereafter every person pro∣moted to an Ecclesiastical living, should within a time prefixed, publickly in the time of Divine service, read and profess his consent to the same, on pain of Deprivation ipso facto, if omitted.

56. No Lay-person was required to subscribe, no Magistrate, none of the Commons according to the severity in other places. For the persecuted Church of English in Frankford in Queen Mary her dayes, demanded subscription to their discipline of every man, yea even of women; and the Scotch (in the minority of King James) exacted it of Noblemen, Gentlemen, and Courtiers, which here was extended onely to men of Ecclesiastical function. Not that the Queen and State was careless of the spiritual good of others (leaving them to live and believe as they list) but because charitably presuming that where

Parishes were provided of Pastors Orthodox in their judgments, they would by Gods blessing on their preaching, work their people to conformity to the same opinions.

Some question there is about a clause in the twentieth Article, whether originally there, or since interpolated. Take the wholea Article according to the common Edition therof.

Twentieth Article of the Authority of the Church.

The Church hath power to decree Rites or Ceremonies, and authority in controversies of faith. And yet it is not lawful for the Church to ordain any thing that is contrary to Gods word; neither may it so expound one place of Scripture, that it be repugnant to another. Wherefore although the Church be a Witness and keeper of holy writ, yet as it ought not to decree any thing against the same, so besides the same ought it not to enforce any thing to be be∣lieved for necessity of salvation.

Take along with this the bitter invective of a modernb Minister, who thus laieth it on with might and main on the backs of Bishops, for some un∣fair practice herein, in an epistle of his, written to the Temporal Lords of His Majesties Privy Councel, reckoning up therein Fourteen Innovations in the Church.

The Prelates, to justifie their proceedings have forged a new Article of Religion, brought from Rome, (which gives them full power to alter the Do∣ctrine and Discipline of our Church at a blow) and have foisted it into the twentieth Article of our Church. And this is in the last edition of the Articles, Anno 1628. in affront of his Majesties Declaration before them. The clause forged is this, The Church (that is the Bishops as they expound it) hath power to decree rites and ceremonies, and authoritie in matters of faith. This clause is a forgery fit to be examined and deeply censured in the Star-chamber. For it is not to bee found in the Latin or English Articles of Ed∣ward 6 or Queen Elizabeth ratified by Parliament. And if to forge a Will or writing be censurable in the Star-chamber, which is but a wrong to a private man, How much more the forgery of an Article of Religion, to wrong the whole Church, and overturn Religion which concerns all our souls?

57. Such as deal in niceties discover some faltering from the truth in the very words of this grand Delator. For the Article saith that The Church hath authority in controversies of faith.He chargeth them with challenging authority in matters of Faith.

Here, some difference betwixt the terms. For matters of faith (which all ought to know and believe for their souls health) are so plainly setled by the Scriptures, that they are subject to no alteration by the Church, which not∣withstanding may justly challenge a casting voice in some controversies of faith, as of less importance to salvation.

58. But to come to the main matter; this clause in question lieth at a du∣bious posture, at in and out, sometimes inserted, sometimes omitted, both in our written and printed copies.

Inserted in The originall of the Articles 1562, as appeareth under the hand of a Publick Notary, whose inspection and attestation is only decisive in this case. So also Anno 1593. and Anno 1605. and Anno 1612. all which were publick and authen∣tick Editions.

Omitted in The English and Latine Articles set forth 1571. when they were first ratified by Act, and whose being, as obligatory to punishment, beares not date nine yeers before, from their composition in Convocation, but hence forward from their confirmation in Parliament.

And now, to match the credit of private Authours in some equality, we will weigh M^r. Rogers Chaplain to Arch-Bishop Whitgift, inserting this clause in his Edition 1595. against D^r. Mocket, Chaplain to Arch-Bishop Abbot, omit∣ting it in his Latine translation of our Articles set forth 1617.

59. Arch-bishop Laud, in a speech which he made in the Star-Chamber, inquiring into the cause why this clause is omitted in the printed Articles 1571. thus expresseth himself,

Certainly this could not be done, but by the malicious cunning of that opposite Faction. And, though I shall spare dead mens names, where I have not certainty; Yet, if you be pleased to look back and consider who they were that governed businesses in 1571. and rid the Church allmost at their pleasure, and how potent the Ancestors of these Libellers began then to grow, you will think it no hard matter to have the Articles printed, and this clause left out.

I must confess my self not so well skilled in Historicall Horsemanship, as to know whom his Grace designed for the Rider of the Church at that time. It could not be Arch-Bishop Parker, who, though discreet and moderate, was sound and sincere in pressing conformity. Much less was it Grindall (as yet but Bishop of London) who then had but little, and never much influ∣ence on Church-Matters. The Earle of Leicester could not in this phrase be intended, who alike minded the insertion or omission of this or any other Article. As for the non-Conformists, they were so far at this time from ri∣ding the Church, that then they first began to put foot in stirrup, though since they have dismounted those whom they found in the saddle. In a word, con∣cerning this clause whether the Bishops were faulty in their addition, or their opposites in their Substraction I leave to more cunning State-Arithmeticians to decide.

60. One Article more we will request the Reader to peruse, as the sub∣ject of some historicall debates which thereon doth depend.

35. Article of Homilies.

The second Booke of Homilies, the severall titles whereof, we have joyned under this Article, doth contain a godly and wholsome Doctrine, and necessary for these times, as doth the former Booke of Homilies which were set forth in the time of Edward the sixth, and therefore we judge them to be read in Churches by the Ministers diligently, and distinctly, that they may be understood of the People.

See we here the Homilies ranked into two formes. The first, such as were made in the Raign of Edward the sixth, being twelve in number. Of which the tenth (of obedience to Magistrates) was drawn up at or about Kets Rebel∣lion, in a dangerous juncture of time. For as it is observed of the Gingles, or S^t. Anthony his fire, that it is mortall if it come once to clip and encom∣passe the whole body. So had the North-East Rebels in Norfolke, met and uni∣ted with the South-East Rebels in Devonshire, in humane apprehension despe∣rate the consequence of that conjuncture.

61. The second forme of Homilies, are those composed in the Raign of Queen Elizabeth, amounting to one and twenty, concluding with one against Rebellion. For though formerly there had been one in King Edwards dayes for obedience, yet this was conceived no superfluous tautologie, but a necessary gemination of a duty in that seditious age, wherein dull schollers needed to have the same lesson often taught unto them.

62. They are penned in a plain stile, accommodated to the capacities of the Hearers (being loth to say of the Readers) the Ministers also being very simple in that age. Yet if they did little good, in this respect they did no harme, that they preached not strange Doctrines to their people, as too many vent new darknesses in our dayes. For they had no power to broach Opini∣ons, who were only employed to deliver that liquor to them which they had received from the hands of others better skilled in Religion then them∣selves.

63. However some behold these Homilies, as not sufficiently legitimated by this Article to be (for their Doctrine) the undoubted issue of the Church of England, alledging them composed by private men of unknown names, who may probably be presumed at the best, but the Chaplains of the Arch-Bishops under whom they were made. Hence is it that some have tearmed them Homely Homilies, others a popular discourse, or a Doctrine usefull for those times wherein they were set forth. I confesse what is necessary in one age may be less needfull in another, but what in one age is godly and wholsome Doctrine (characters of commendation given by the aforesaid Article to the Homilies) cannot in another age be ungodly and unhealthfull; as if our faith did fol∣low fashions, and truth alter with the times, like A••hitophell his Counsell, though good in it self, yet not at some seasons. But some are concerned to decry their credits, as much contrary to their judgement, more to their practise, especially seeing the second Homily in the second book stands with a spunge in one hand to wipe out all pictures, and a hammer in the other to beat down all Images of God and Saints erected in Churches. And therefore such use these Homi∣lies as an upper garment girting them close unto, or casting them from them at pleasure, allowing and alledging them when consenting, denying and dis∣claiming them when opposite to their practise or opinions.

64. The Religion in England being setled according to these Articles which soon after were published, the first Papist that fell foule upon them was William R••stall, Nephew to S^r. Thomas More by Elizabeth his Sister, and a great Lawyer. Yet we beleeve not him that telleth us he was one of the two Chief justices, as knowing the contrary. However he was very know∣ing in our common law: Witnesse his collections of statutes and comments thereon with other works in that faculty. But this veteranus Jurisconsutus, was vix Tyro Theologus, shewing rather zeal to the cause, then ability to defend it in those Books which he set forth against BP. Jewell.

65. No eminent English Protestant died this yeer, but great grief among the Romanists for the loss of D^r. Richard Smith Kings professour of Divinity in Oxford, till outed by Peter Martyr. Whereupon he forsook the land, returned in the Raign of Queen Mary, went back after her death into the Low-Countries, where he was made Dean of S^t. Peters in Doway, and appointed by King Philip the second, first Divinity professor in that new erectd Vniver∣sity.

His party much complain that his strong parts were disadvantaged with so weak sides and low voice, though indeed too loud his railing against the truth, as appears by his Books.

66. The English Bishops conceiving themselves impowered by their Ca∣nons, began to shew their authority in urging the Clergy of their Diocess to sub∣scribe to the Liturgie, Ceremonies and Discipline of the Church, and such as re∣fused the same were branded with the odious name of Puritanes.

67. A name which in this notion first began in this yeer, and the grief had not been great, if it had ended in the same. The Philosopher banisheth the term (which is polysaemon) that is subject to several senses, out of the Predicaments, as affording too much Covert for cavill by the latitude thereof. On the same account could I wish that the word Puritan were banished com∣mon discourse, because so various in the acceptions thereof. We need not speak of the ancient Cathari or Primitive Puritans, sufficiently known by their Hereticall opinions. Puritan here was taken for the Opposers of the Hierarchie and Church-service, as resenting of Superstition. But prophane mouths quick∣ly improved this Nick-name, therewith on every occasion to abuse pious peo∣ple, some of them so far from opposing the Liturgie, that they endeavoured (according to the instructions thereof in the preparative to the Confession) to accompany the Minister with a PURE heart, and laboured (as it is in the Ab∣solution) for a life PURE and holy. We will therefore decline the word to prevent exceptions, which if casually slipping from our pen, the Reader knoweth that only Non-conformists are thereby intended.

68. These in this age were divided into two ranks. Some milde and moderate, contented only to enjoy their own conscience. Others fierce and fiery, to the disturbance of Church and State. Amongst the former, I recount the Principall; Father John Fox. (for so Queeu Elizabeth termed him) summo∣ned (as I take it) by Arch-Bishop Parker to subscribe, that the generall reputa∣tion of his piety, might give the greater countenance to Conformity. The old man produced the new-Testament in Greek, to this (saith he) will I subscribe. But when a subscription to the Canons was required of him, he refused it, saying, I have nothing in the Church save a Preben•• a Salisbu••y▪ and much good may it do you if you will take it away from me. However such respect did the Bishops (most formerly his Fellow-Exiles) bear to his age, parts, and pains, that he continued his place till the day of his death: who, though no friend to the Ce∣remonies, was otherwise so devout in his carriage, that (as his nearest relation surviving hath informed me) he never entred any Church without expressing solemn reverence therein.

69. With M^r. Fox. I joyne his Dear Friend Laurence Humfrey, whom I should never have suspected for inclinations to nonconformity (such his in∣timacy with Doctor Jewell and other Bishops) had I not read in my Author, that De Adiaphoris non juxta cum Ecclesia Anglicana senserit. He was Regius Profes∣sor of Divinity in Oxford, where his Answers and determinations were ob∣served quick, clear, and solid, but his Replies and objections weak and slender, which his Auditors imputed to no lack of learning (wherewith he was well stored) but to his unwillingness to furnish his Popish Adversaries with strong ar∣guments to maintain their Erroneous opinions. But such his quiet carriage, that notwithstanding his nonsubscribing, he kept his Professors place and Dean∣ry of Winchester as long as he lived.

70. Pass we now to the fierce (not to say furious) sticklers against Church-Discipline, and begin with Anthony Gilby born in Lincolne-shire, bred in Christs Colledge in Cambridge. How fierce he was against the Ceremonies take it from his owna pen. They are known liveries of AntiChrist, accursed leaven of the Blasphemous Popish Priesthood, cursedpatches of Popery, and Idolatry, they are worse then lousie, for they are sibbe to the sarke of Hercules that made him tear his own bowels asunder.

71. William Whittingham succeeds, bred in Allsouls Colledge in Oxford, afterwards Exile in Germany (where he made a preface to M^r.a Goodman his Booke approving the Divinity therein) and returning into England was made Deane of Durham.

72. Christopher Goodman is the third, and well it were if it might be tru∣ly said of him (what of Probus the Emperor) that he was Vir sui nominis. Sure it is that living beyond the seas in the dayes of Queen Mary, he wrote a Booke stuffed with much dangerous Doctrine. Wherein he maintained that S^r. Thomas Wyat was no Traitor,b that his cause was Gods, that none but Traitors could accuse him of Treason, and that the Councellours and others who would be accounted No∣bles (and took not his part) were in very deed Traitors to God, his People, and their Country. These three (for David Whitehead I have no minde to menti∣on with them) were certainly the Antesignani of the fierce Nonconformists. Yet finde I none of them solemnly silenced, either because (perchance) dead be∣fore this yeer (wherein the vigorous urging of Subscription) or because finding some favour in respect of their suffering of banishment for the ••rote∣stant Religion. Only I meet with Thomas Samson Dean of Christs Church in Oxford, qui propter Puritanismumc exauthoratus, displaced this yeer out of his Deanry; notwithstanding the said Samson stands very high in Bale his Catalogue of the English Exiles in the Reign of Queen Mary.

73. Queen Elizabeth came to Oxford, honourably attended with the Earle of Leicester, Lord Chancelour of the Vniversity. The Marqu••sse of North∣hampton. The Lord Burleigh. The Spanish Ambassadour &c. Here she was en∣tertained with the most stately welcom which the Muses could make. Ed∣mond Campian then Proctour (Oratorie being his Master-piece) well performed his part, only over flattering Leicester (enough to make a modest mans head ake, with the too sweet flowers of his Rhetorick) save that the Earle was as willing to hear his own praise, as the other to utter it. Her Highness was lodged in Christs-Church, where many Comedies were acted before Her, one whereof (Palemon and Arce) had a Tragicall end, three men being slaind by the fall of a wall, and press of people. Many Acts were kept before her in Philosophie, and one most eminent in Divinity, wherein Bishop Jewell (this yeer in his absence created Honorarie Doctour) was Moderatour. It lasted in summer time till candles were lighted, delight devouring all weariness in the Auditours, when the Queen importuned by the Lords (The Spanish Ambassa∣dour to whom she profferred it, modestly declining the imployment) conclu∣ded all with this her Latine Oration.

Qui male agit, odit lu••em, & ego quidem quia nihil aliud nisi male agere possum, idcirco odilucem, odi, id est, conspectum vestrum. Atque sanè me magna tenet dubitatio, dam singula considero quae hic aguntur, laudemne, an vituperem, taceamne, an eloquar; Sieloquar, patefaciam vobis quam sim literarum rudis: taccre autem nolo, ne defectus videatur esse con∣temptus. Et quia tempus breve est quod habeo ad dicendum, idci••co om∣nia in pauca conferam, & orationem meam in duas partes dividam, in laudem & vituperationem. Laus autem ad vos pertinet. Ex quo enim primum Oxoniam veni, multa vidi, multa audivi, probavi omnia. E∣rant enim & prudenter facta, & eleganter dicta. At ea quibus in prologis vos ipsi excusastis, neque pro pare ut Regina, possum, neque ut Christiana debeo. Caeterum quia in exordio semper adhibuistis cautionem, mihi sane illa disputatio non displicuit. Nunc venio ad alterampartem, nempe vitu∣perationem. Atque haec pars mihi propria est: Sane fateor Parentes meos diligentissimè curasse ut in bonis literis rectè instituerer, & quidem in mul∣tarum linguarum varietate diu versata sui, quarum aliquam mihi cog∣nitionem

assumo: quod etsi verè tamen verecundè dico. Habui quidem multos & Doctos Paedigogos, qui ut me eruditum redderent, diligenter elaborarunt. Sed Paedag••gi mei posuerunt operam in agro sterili & infae∣cundo, ita fructus percip••re vix poterant, aut dignitate mea, aut ill••rum laboribus, aut vestra expectatione dignos. Quamobrem etsi omnes vos me abundè laudastis, ego tamen, quae mihi conscia sum, quam sim nulla laude digna facile agnosco; sed finem imponam orationi meae Barbarismis ple∣nae, si prius optavero, & votum unum addidero. Votum meum hoc erit, ut me vivente sitis Florentissimi, me mortua Beatissimi.

Thus having stayed seven dayes, she took her leave of the Vniversity, M^r. Williams the Maior riding in scarlet before her Majesty to Magdalen Bridge; But the Doctours attending her in their formalities as far as Shot-over.

Notes

• Anno. Dom. 1559
• Her slow but sure pace of Reformation.
• a

  Mar. 11. 11.
• b

  Holinshed 1. year of Q. Elizabeth pag. 1172.
• The forward∣ness of pri∣vate men in publique re∣formation va∣riously censu∣red.
• c

  See ••6. Cent. 2 part. •• pa∣ragraph.
• Anno. Dom. 1558.
• 〈…〉〈…〉.
• a

  It was dated Decem. 15. but not recei∣ved till about Ianu••r the second, see 〈◊〉〈◊〉 at Frankford pag. 162.
• Alteration of Beligion en∣acted by the Parliament.
• Jann. 25.
• Papists ex∣ceptions against the Queens Su∣premacy.
• a

  Sanders de Schismate An∣glicano lib. 3. pag. 316.
• b

  Hart against Rai∣nolds pag. 673.
• c

  In Praefat. centur. 7.
• d

  Upon the 7. of Amos 3. The same how defen∣ded by Prote∣stant Divines.
• e

  Rainolds against Hart pag. 38.
• f

  Ephes. 1. 22.
• Col. 2. 19.
• h

  2 Chr. 26. 19
• How Dr. Rai∣nolds answe∣reth the ex∣ceptions to the contrary.
• i

  against Hart pag. 673.
• Anno Dom. 1557.
• Anno Regin Eliza. 1.
• a

  Idem ibidem.
• Sunders 〈…〉〈…〉
• b

  〈…〉〈…〉 pag. 329.
• c

  Idem pag. 303.
• d

  Camdens Elizabeth in this year pag 19.
• The acts of this years Convocation.
• e

  Liber Synod. Anno Dom. 1559. folio 15.
• f

  Ib. fol. 6.
• g

  fol. 8.
• Feb. 18.
• To the Bps. that they might present them to the Parli. &c.
• Copied by me out of the Original.
• Anno Dom. 1558
• Anno Dom. 1457.
• Marc. 3.
• 10.
• The Disputa∣tions betwixt the Papists and Prote∣stants at Westminster.
• There is some diffe∣rence in the Number and Names of Both Parties Mr. Fox nei∣ther agreeth with Mr. Cam∣den, nor with himself.
• Anno Dom. 1458.
• The Papists complain of partial usage.
• The Prote∣stants tri∣umph on the other side.
• Nine Bishops now dead.
• Three fled beyond the Seas.
• 〈…〉〈…〉
• The rest re∣strained.
• Some living in their own Houses,
• 1 King. 2. 26.
• Cruelty causelessly complain••d of.
• De Schism Ang. pag. 335.
• Camdens Eliz. in hoc Anno.
• One Bishop continued.
• Godwin in the Bps. of Landaffe
• A list of per∣sons deprived
• Matthew Par∣ker designed Arch-Bishop, his due com∣mendation.
• Counted from Pooles death to Par∣kers consecra∣tion.
• Anno Dom. 1559.
• Anno Regin Eliza. 2.
• a

  Mr Selden of Tithes cap. 9. pag. 256.
• The Queen Her letter, for his consecra∣tion.
• July 18. Aug. 1.
• b

  Registrum Parker 1. Iom. 1 fol. 3.
• Dece. 6.
• The manner thereof.
• c

  Regist. Par∣ker. Tom 1. fol. 9.
• d

  Ibid. fol. 10.
• e

  1 Pet. 5. 1.
• Dece. 17.
• The legality of his conse∣cration.
• a

  Anno Regin. 25.
• b

  26. of Hen∣ry 8 cap. 14.
• The impu∣dent lie of the Naggs-head.
• Neale's testi∣mony (the sole witnesse thereof) confuted.
• A silent wit∣ness pretend∣ed in vain
• a

  Champuius pag. 5••1.
• b

  〈…〉〈…〉
• c

  Luisprandus lib. 6. cap. 7.
• Sees supplied with Prote∣stant Bishops.
• This the Lord Chan∣cellour Eger∣ton assumed to Bishop Williams.
• Anno Regin Eliza. 1.
• Anno Dom. 1558.
• Mr. Gilpin re∣fuseth the Bishoprick of Carlile.
• a

  Found a∣mongst Mr. Gilpins papers after his death.
• Anno Dom. 1557.
• Anno Regin Eliza. 1.
• a

  B. Carleton in Gilpins life pag. 80.
• b

  Idem. pag. 81.
• Why Barlow and Scory were not re∣stored to their former Bishopricks, conjectured.
• Why Cover∣dale resumed not his Bisho∣prick of Exeter.
• c

  Amos 4. 11.
• Anno Dom. 1558.
• a

  1 Sa. 26. 12.
• b

  Psal. 90.
• Meane Mi∣nisters in this age, as ap∣pears by Mr. Tavernours Sermon.
• c

  In the pre∣face to St. Iohn Cheeks book called the true Sub∣ject to the Rebell, prin∣ted at Oxford 1641.
• A Proclama∣tion against defaeers of Monuments in Churches.
• Anno Dom. 1559.
• Anno Regin Eliza. 2.
• This Procla∣mation was printed at London in Pauls Church∣yard, by Rich. Jagg, and John Cawood 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to the Queen.
• The death and character of Bp. Bale.
• a

  De Scriptor. Britan Cen∣tur. 8.
• The persecu∣tions which in his life he suffered.
• Bales passion endeavoured to be excu∣sed.
• The Pope tampereth to reconcile the Queen to the Church of Rome.
• 1560.
• 3. May. 5.
• Anno Dom. 1562.
• Anno Regin Eliza. 4.
• The contents of Scipio his Letter to Mr. Iewell.
• Anno Dom. 1563.
• Anno Regin Eliza. 5.
• The sum of Mr. Jewels answer.
• a

  See it at large at the end of the History of the Councell of Trent.
• Westminster Col. Church re-sounded by Q Eliz.
• 1561
• The Pope trieth again in ••am to reduce the Queen.
• Anno Dom. 1562.
• The death of Sr. Edward Carne.
• Pauls Steeple burnt down.
• Papists stic∣kle in Merton Colledge.
• a

  Manuscript Records of Cant. in Mat∣thew Parker. pag. 322.
• Are curbed by the Arch-Bishop his visitation.
• May 26.
• Cranmets children re∣stored in blood.
• b

  Parliament. Roles: quinto Elizabethe.
• Anno Regin 5. Janu. 11.
• 2. 156. 3.
• I have read that he was condemned of treason [Cromptons ju∣ris. courts fol. 2. b.] which Treason was released unto him, & yet he, saith Holinsh. excepted out of the general pardon, intri∣cacies I un∣derstand nor. An Act for translating the Bible into Welsh.
• Anno Dom. 1563.
• a

  Godwin in his catalogue of Bishops p. 641.
• Janu. 29.
• The 39 Arti∣cles compi∣led in Convo∣cation.
• Why favou∣rably drawn up in general terms.
• Most confes∣sors who com∣posed the Ar∣ticles.
• b

  2 Sam. 24. 24.
• English Arti∣cles and Trent Decrees con∣temporaries.
• The 39 Arti∣cles confirm∣ed by Parlia∣ment.
• c

  See the Sta∣tutes in deci∣mo tertio, E∣liz. cap. 12.
• But only im∣posed on Clergy-men.
• Querie, a∣bout the 20 Article, whe∣ther shufled in, or no.
• a

  Pag. 98.
• b

  Mr Burton in his Apolo∣gie.
• The accuser his first mi∣stake.
• The dubious appearing of this clause.
• Anno Dom. 1563.
• Anno Regin Eliza. 5.
• Arch-Bishop Land his opi∣nion in the point.
• In his speech made Iune 14. 1637. pag. 65.
• An Article to confirme the Homilies made in King Edward his reign.
• Anno Regin Eliza. 4.
• As also those in Q Eliz.
• The use of Homilies.
• Their authen∣ticall necessi∣ty questioned.
• Mr. Mountu∣ga in his appel∣lo Caesarem.
• 2 Sam. 17.
• Rastall writes against Bp. Jewel.
• Pitzaeus de Ang. Scriptor pag. 764.
• See Sr. Henry Spelm••n his gl••••sary in Indic.
• The death of Dr. Smith.
• Pitzaeus de Ang. Script. pag. 761.
• Amo Regin Lliza. 5.
• The Original of Puritans.
• The Homony∣mie of the tearm.
• 1564
• 6.
• Mr. Fox a mo∣derate Non∣conformist.
• And Dr. Law∣rence Humfrey.
• Cambden Elizabetha in Anno 1589.
• Anthony Gilby a fierce Non∣conformist.
• a

  pag. 150.
• Anno Regin Eliza. 8.
• Anno Dom. 1566.
• And William Whittingham.
• a

  Bale Cent. nona pag. 731.
• And Christo∣pher Goodman
• b

  pag 203, 20••, & 207.
• Note that these three were active in the separation from Frank∣ford vide supra 9. Book. p. 9.
• c

  Godwin his catalogue in the Bishop of Oxford.
• Aug. 31.
• The Queens entertain∣ment at Ox∣ford.
• d

  S••ow his Chron. p. 660.
• Her Highness speech to the University. This speech was taken by D. Laurence Humfrey, and by him print∣ed, in the life of B. Jewell pag. 244.
• Anno Regin Eliza. 7.
• Sept. 6.