The church-history of Britain from the birth of Jesus Christ until the year M.DC.XLVIII endeavoured by Thomas Fuller.

CENT: XVII.* 1.1

1.THe difference betwixt the Seculars and the Jesuites still con∣tinued and increased. Wherefore Bishop Bancroft,* 1.2 counting the Seculars the better but weaker side, afforded them coun∣tenance and maintenance in London-house, accommodating them with necessaries to write against their adversaries, ho∣ping the Protestants might assault the Romish cause with the greater advantage, when they found a breach made to their hand by the others own dissentions. But such who bore no good will to the Bishop, beholding the frequent repairing and familiar conversing of such Priests in his house, made a contrary construction of his actions, and reported him Popishly affected. Thus those who publiquely doe things in themselves liable to offence, and privately reserve the reasons of their actions in their owne bosomes, may suf∣ficiently satisfie their consciences towards God, but will hardly avoid the censures of men, to which too unwarily they expose themselves. With more generall applause was the bounty of Arch Bishop Whitgift bestowed, who now finished his Hospitall founded and endowed by him at Croydon in Surrey, for a Warden, and eight and twenty Brethren: As also a Free-Schoole, with liberall maintenance, for the education of Youth. God the best of Creditors) no doubt, long since hath plentifully re-pay'd what was lent to him, in his Members.

2. The last Parl.* 1.3 in this Queens raigne was now begun at Westm,* 1.4 and dissolved the moneth next following. Of such things which at distance may seeme to relate to Church affaires, in this Parl. it was Enacted, That Overseers of the Poor should be nominated yeerly in Easter week under the Hand and Seale of twoa 1.5 Justices of Peace, and that these with the Church wardens should take care for the reliefe of the Poore, binding out of Apprentices, &c. As also, That the Lord Chancellor should award Commissions under the Great Seale, into any part of the Realme, (as cause should require) to theb 1.6 Bishop of every Diocese, and his Chancellour; and any four or more persons of honest behaviour, to enquire by oathes of twelve men, into the mis-imployment of any Lands or Goods given to pious uses: and by their Or∣ders, to appoint them to be duly and faithfully paid or employed to their true uses and intents. In pursuance of this Statute, much good was and is done to this day, in severall parts of the Kingdome, the Law being very tender, that the true intenti∣ons of the Donour should take effect, as by this eminent instance may appeare. By the rule of the Law, Copyhold Land cannot be aliened, but by Surrender; but yet if a man Devise such Land to a Charitable use, though it had not been surren∣dred, this isc 1.7 adjudged good, and shall be construed an appointment to a Cha∣ritable use within this Statute.

3. Now if we look into the Convocation,* 1.8 parallel to this Parliament, therein we shall find, that it began with a Latine Sermon of William Barlow Doctor of Divinity, and one of Her Majesties Chaplaines, (afterwards Bishop of Rochester, then of Lincolne) Preaching on this Text, LUKE 19. 13. Negotiamini dum ve∣nio. In this Convocation, Mathew Sutcliffe, Doctor of the Law, and Deane of Exeter

was chosen Prolocutor, but nothing save matters of course passed therein. Nor finde I any eminent Divine deceased this yeare.

4. Francis Godwin doctor of Divinity,* 1.9 Sub-Deane of Exeter, Sonne of Thomas Godwin, Bishop of Wells, (like anotherd 1.10 Gregorie Nazianzen a Bishop, Son to a Bishop) was promoted to the Church of Landaff, he was borne in the fourth year of Queen Elizabeth, who was not a little sensible of, and thankfull for Gods fa∣vour unto her, in suffering her so long to hold the Helme of the English Church, till one borne within her reigne was found fit to be a Bishop. He was stored with all polite Learning, both judicious and industrious in the study of Antiquity, to whom, not onely the Church of Landaff (whereof he well deserved) but all En∣gland is indebted, as for his other learned Writings, so especially for his Catalogue of Bishops. He was translated Anno 1617. to Hereford, and died, many yeares after, a very old man in the reign of King CHARLES.

5. Now came forth a notable Book against the Jesuites,* 1.11 written in a Scholastick way, by one Watson a Secular Priest, consisting of ten quodlibets, each whereof is sub-divided into as many Articles. It discovereth the Jesuites in their colours, ferreting them out of all their burrowes of Equivocation and mentall reservation, holding Proteus so hard to it, that in despight of his changing into many shapes, he is forced to appeare in his own proper forme. No intire Answer, for ought I can learn, was ever returned to this Book. The Jesuits (according to their old Trick) slighting what they cannot confute, and counting that unworthy to be done, which they found themselves unable to doe. Indeed, for matters of fact therein, they are so punctually reported with the severall circumstances of time and place, that the guilty consciences of such as are concerned therein (though snapping and snarling at pieces and passages thereof) for the main may well give it over for unanswerable.

6. Yet the whole Book is written with an imbittered style,* 1.12 so that Protestant Charity hath a better conceit of Jesuits, than to account them altogether so bad. Take one passage of many.e 1.13 No, no, their course of life doth shew what their study is, and that howsoever they beast of their perfections, holinesse, Meditations and exercises, yet their platforme is heathenish, tyrannicall, sathanicall, and able to set ARETINE, LUCI••N, MACHIAVEL, yea, and DON LUCIFER in a sort to schoole, as impossible for him, by all the art he hath, to be-sot men as they doe. This is the same Watson, who, though boasting of the obedience of the Secular Priests to their Soveraigns, and taxing the Iesuits for want thereof, was notwithstanding himself, afterwards executed for a Traitor in the reigne of King Iames. It seemes as well Seculars, as Iesuits, are so loaden with Loyalty, that both need the Gallowes to ease them of the burden thereof.

7. Great at this time was the Calm in the English Church, the Brethren not endeavoring any thing in Opposition to the Hierarchie.* 1.14 This some impute not to their Quienesse, but Wearinesse, because so long they had in vaine seeked to cast off that Yoke from them: Besides, they did not so much practise for the Present, as project for the Future, to procure hereafter an Establishment of their Ecclesiasticall Government. For they beheld the Queenes old Age as a Taper of Virgin Wax now in the Socket, ready to be extinguished, which made them ad∣dresse and apply themselves with all diligence, to IAMES King of Scotland, the Heire apparent to the Crowne, as to the rising Sun, whom they hoped will be more favourable to their Proceedings. Hopes not altogether groundlesse, whilest they considered the Power of the Presbytery in the Church of Scotland, where Bishops, though lately restored to their place, were so restrained in their Power, that small was their Command in Church-affaires, which made the Brethren in England thence to promise Great matters to themselves, but with what successe shall be seen hereafter. As for Mr. Thomas Cartwright, the Chiefraine of that Party in England; we finde him at this time growing rich in the Towne of War∣wick, (there Master of an Hospitall) by the Benevolence and Bounty of his Fol∣lowers, where he preachedf 1.15 very temperately, according to his Promise made to the Arch-bishop.

8. Some ascribe this his Mildnesse to his old Age and Experience,* 1.16 it being com∣monly observed,* 1.17 that in Controversies of this kinde,* 1.18 Men, when they consult with their owne Gray haires, begin to abate of their Violence. Others conceive that Arch-bishop Whitgift had conquered him with his kindnesse, having for∣merly procured him both his Pardon & Dismission out of all his Troubles, so that his Coales of Courtesies heaped on Mr. Cartwright's Head, made the good Me∣tall (the Ingenuity in him) to melt into Moderation. For in hs Letters written with his owne hand, March 24. Anno 1601. he confesseth himself much obliged unto him, vouchsafing him the style of A RIGHT REVEREND FA∣THER IN GOD, AND HIS LORD THE ARCH-BISHOP'S GRACE OF CANTERBURY, which Title of GRACE, he also often yeildeth him throughout his Letters, acknowledging hisg 1.19 Bond of most humble Duty so much the straiter, because his Grace's Favour proceeded from a frank Disposition, without any desert of his owne. Others (and that not improbably) doe think that Mr. Cartwright grew sensible with Sorrow, how all Sects and Schismes, being opposite to Bishops (Brownists, Barrowists, &c.) did shroud and shelter themselves under his Protection, whom he could neither reject with Credit, nor receive with Comfort, seeing his Conscience could not close with their enormous Opinions, and his Counsell could not regulate their extravagant Violences, which made him by degrees decline their Party. Yet, for all this, there want not those who will maintaine, that all this while Mr. Cartwright was not more remisse, but more reserv'd in his Judgement, being still as sound, but not as sharpe in the cause out of Politick intents, like a skilfull Pilot in a great Tempest yeilding to the Violence of a storme, therewith to be carried away, con∣trary to his intents for the present, but waiting when the Wind should soone turne about to the North, and blow him and his a prosperous Gale, according to their Desires.

9. What his opinions were,* 1.20 may appeare by the Premises, and his life may be presumed most pious, it concerning him to be strict in his Conversation, who so stickled for the Reformation of all abuses in the Church. An excellent Scholar, pure Latinist (his Travels advantaging the ready use thereof) accurate Grecian, exact Hebraician, as his Comments on the Proverbs, and other Works, doe suffi∣ciently testifie. But the Master-piece of all his Writings, was, that his Confuta∣tion of the Rhemish Translation of the New Testament into ENGLISH, at the Importunity of many Ministers of London and Suffolk, and Sir Francis Walsing∣ham, the Queens Secretary, (Mr. Cartwright's especiall Patron) gave him anh 1.21 hundred pounds to buy him Books, and incourage him in that Work. How∣ever, the setting forth thereof, was stopped by Arch-bishop Whitgift; probably we may conceive, because some Passages therein did glance at and gird the Episco∣pall Discipline in England, and after it had layn thirty yeares neglected, it was first set forth Anno 1618. and then, without either Priviledge or Licence, except any will say that Truth is a Licence for it selfe. In a word, no English Champion in that Age, did with more Valour or Successe, charge and rout the Romish Enemy in matters of Doctrine. But when that Adversary sometimes was not in the field, then his active spirit fell foul in point of Discipline, with those which otherwise were of his own Religion.

10. The same yeare proved fatall to many other eminent Clergie-men,* 1.22 and I hope, without offence, I may joyne them together, their Bodies at the same time meeting at the Grave, though their mindes before had parted in different Opi∣nions.

• 1. Herbert Westphaling Bishop of Hereford (though perchance his Ambiguous Death is more properly referred to the last yeare) brought up in Christ∣church in Oxford, being the first Bishop of that Foundation; a Man of great Piety of Life, and of suchi 1.23 Gravity, that he was seldome, or never seene to laugh, leaving no great, but a well gotten Estate, out of which he be∣queathed

• twenty pounds per annum to Jesus Colledge in Ox∣ford.
• 2. Alexander Nowell Doctor of Divinity, and Deane of S. Paul's in London, borne in Lancashire, bred in Oxford, afterwards fled into Germanie, in the reigne of Queen Mary. He was the first ofk 1.24 English Exiles, that returned in the dayes of Q. Elizabeth. And I have read how in a Parliament he was chosen Burgess of a Town of Cornwall: But his Election pronounced void, because he was a Deacon. A Man of a most Angelicall Life, and Deep Learning. A great Defender of Justification by Faith alone, and yet a great Practiser of Good Works; witnessel 1.25 two hundred pounds a year rent, for the maintenance of thirteen Students bestowed on Brazen-nose Colledge, wherein he had his Education. A great honourer of the Marriage of the Clergie, and yet who lived and died single himselfe. An aged Man, of 90. yeares of age, yet fresh in his youthfull Learning: yea, like another Moses, his eyes were not dimme, nor did he ever make use ofm 1.26 Spectacles to read the smallest Print.
• 3. William Perkins, who was born in the first, and died in the last of Q. Eliz. so that his Life (asn 1.27 we have elsewhere observed, to which we remit the Rea∣der) running parallel with this Queens Reign, began, continued, and ended therewith.
• 4. Gregory (before his entrance into Religion Robert) Sayer, bred in Cambridge, then leaving the University, fled beyond sea, where he became a Benedi∣ctine Monk, of the Congregation of S. Justin in Padua. He lived in severall parts of Europe, as at Phemes, Rome, Montcasie, Venice, where he died, and was buriedo 1.28 the 30. of Octob. having written many Volumes in great esteem with men of his Profession.
• 5. William Harris, as Obscure among Protestants, as Eminent with the Popish Party. A Master of Art of Lincoln Colledge in Oxford: whence leaving the Land, he fled beyond-sea, living at Doway, and afterwards he came over intop 1.29 England, where it seemes he had the Hap to escape the Queenes Offi∣cers, and to die in his Bed. His Book called THE THEATRE OF THE MOST TRUE AND ANTIENT CHURCH OF ENGLAND, is highly accounted of Roman Catholiques.

11. About this time the low Estate of the City of Geneva (the Nursery of the Reformed Religion) was lively represented to the Prelates,* 1.30 Clergy, and Well∣disposed Persons of England, being for the Present in a very Dolefull condition. Long since it had been undone, but because it had so many Enemies to undoe it: So that by Gods providence,q 1.31 Out of the Devourer came Meat; such Neighbou∣ring Princes and States, which were both Willing and Able to swallow up this Zoar, did preserve it. For rather than Savoy should suppresse it, Venice, Florence, the Popish Cantons in Switzerland, and France it self, would support. But for all this politick Geometry, wherewith long it had hung safe betwixt severall Com∣petitours, it was, lately, shrewdly shaken by the Puissance of the Duke of Savoy, who, addicted to the Spanish Faction, had banished all Protestants out of his Do∣min••ons: Arch-bishop Whitgift (whose hand was ever open to any Pious Design) led with his liberall Example, and the rest cheerefully followed, so that large summes of money were seasonably made over for the Reliefe of Ge∣neva.

12. Queen Elizabeth,* 1.32 the mirrour of her Sex and Age, having above 40 years, to the Admiration of Envy it selfe, managed this Kingdome, finding when she began, few Friends that durst help, and leaving no Foes that could hurt her, ex∣changed her Earthly, for a Heavenly Crowne; who, as she lived and died an un∣spotted Virgin, so her Maiden memory is likely, in this respect, to remaine sole and single; seeing History affords no Prince to be marched to her Fame in all considerable Particulars. Her Corps were solemnly interred under a fair Tomb

in Westminster;* 1.33 the lively Draught whereof,* 1.34 is pictured in most London, & many Countrey Churches, every Parish being proud of the shadow of her Tomb; and no wonder, when each Loyal Subject erected a mournfull Monument for her in his heart. But soon after all English Soules were employed equally to divide themselves betwixt Exclamations of Sorrow for her Death, and Acclamations of Joy for K. James his succeeding her.

13. And now it is strange with what Assiduity and Diligence,* 1.35 the two Potent Parties, the Defenders of Episcopacy and Presbytery,* 1.36 with equall Hopes of Successe, made (besides Private and Particular Addresses) Publique and Visible Applications to King James, the first to continue, the later to restore, or rather set up their Government; So that whilest each Side was Jealous, his Rival should get the Start by early stirring, and rise first in the Kings favour. Such was their Vigilancy, that neither may seem to go to Bed: Incestantly diligent both before and since the Queens Death, in dispatching Posts and Messages into Scotland to advance their severall Designes. We take notice of two principall, M. Lewis Pic∣kering a Northampton shire Gentleman, and zealous for the Presbyterian Party, was the third Person of quality, who riding incredibly swift (good Newes makes good Horsemen) brought King James the Tydings of Queen Elizabeths Death. But how farre, and with what Answer he moved the King in that Cause, is uncertaine. Doctour Thomas Nevill, Deane of Canterburte, came into Scotland some dayes after him, (except any will say, that he comes first, that comes really to effect what he was sent for) being solemnly employed bys 1.37 Arch bishop Whitgift to his Majesty in the name of the Bishops and Clergy of England, to tender their Bounden Duties, and to understand his Highnesse Pleasure for the ordering and guiding of Ecclesiasticall Causes. He brought back a welcome Answer to such as sent him of his Highnesse purpose, which was to uphold, and maintain the Government of the late Queen, as she left it setled.

14. Soone after followed the Treason of William Watson on this occasion.* 1.38 This Watson, Secular Priest, had written a bitter Book against the Jesuits, as being one knowing (though not so secret of their faults, as their owne Confessours, taxing them with truth so plaine, they could not deny, so foule, they durst not confesse it. Now such is the charity of Jesuits, that They never owe any man any ill will, making present payment thereof. These Holy Fathers (as Watson intimated on thed 1.39 Scaffold, at his Death, and forgave them for the same) cun∣ningly and covertly drew him into this action, promoting him, who was ambiti∣ous, (though pretending to much Mortification) treasonably to practise his own preferment.

15. Watson, with William Clark another of his own profession) having fancied a notionall Treason, imparted it to George Brooks, one angry with Nature,* 1.40 not so much for making him lame, as a younger Brother. These break it to (Brook his Brother) the L. Cobham, to the Lord Gray of Whaddon, and Sir Walter Rawleigh, the one a known Protestant, the other a reputed Puritan, the third an able States∣man: Besides, some other Knights, displeased with their present Fortunes (how quickly is Discontent inflamed into Disloyalty!) because, since the turning of the Wheele, at the Queenes Death, on the wrong Side of Preferment. Watson devised an Oath of Secrecy for them all, which was no more than needfull, considering their different Interests, rather pieced than united, patched than pieced toge∣ther.

16. Had one lost his Religion, he might have found it (though I confess a Treason is but a bad place to seeke it in) in this Conspiracy,* 1.41 wherein men of all perswasi∣ons were engaged. Their Parts were as different as their Opinions, some of them being conceived too wise to begin, and others too weak to finish so dange∣rous a Designe. The ends they propounded to themselves, (as they were char∣ged therewith) were to kill the King, raise Rebellion, alter Religion, at least gaine a Toleration, and procure a forraign Invasion, with many more things which, may be spoken easier in a Minute, than done in an Age, especially their Interest being

not much at home, and nothing abroad.* 1.42 They ante-divided all Offices of State betwixt themselves,* 1.43 Lord Marshall to one, Treasurer to another, Master of the Horse to a third, Secretary to a fourth, &c. onely Sir Walter Rawleigh (able to discharge any) had no particular Office assigned unto him. Watson was to be Lord Chancelour, being very fit for the place, had he but as much skill to decide Causes, as write Quodlibets. There wanted nothing to estate them in all these Offices, but onely their getting of them.

17. Wonder not that this Treason was discovered so soon,* 1.44 but covered so long. The two Priests alone,* 1.45 with G: Brook, were executed, who, to use the words of King Iames in his Letter to Sir Benjamine Tichbourne, Sheriff of Hantshire, (for the Plague being in London, Terme was removed to Winchester, where they were tried) Vaire the principall Plotteris and Intisaris of all the rest, to the embracing of the saidis treasonabil Machinations. The rest were pardoned their Lives, not their Lands. We must not forget that the Priests pleaded the silliest for themselves of all that were arraigned, alledging, that their Practise against the King could not be Treason, because done against him before he was crowned. Watson instan∣cing in Saul, who was anoynted ine 1.46 Ramah, and afterward made King inf 1.47 Mizpeh. Clark insisted on Rehoboam, as being no King till the People hadg 1.48 made him so. Not remembering (what our Lawyers there minded them of) the difference be∣twixt successive Kings, deriving their claime from their Ancestors, and one newly elected, the English Crowne also being as incapable of an Inter-regnum, as Nature of a Vacuitie. Mean time, the Jesuits looked on, and laughed at Watson's Execution, to see how bunglingly Secular Priests went about a Treason, resol∣ving in the next platforme thereof (which now they were contriving) to rectifie the errours Watson had committed: not to ingage in a squint-ey'd company (where two did not look the same way) but to select a competencie of cordial Ca∣tholiques for the purpose.

18. No sooner was King Iames setled on the English Throne,* 1.49 but Mr. Cart∣wright presented unto him his Latin Coment on Ecclesiastes, thankfully mentio∣ning in his Dedication, how he had, some twenty yeares before been chosen to be Professour in a Scotch University, though declining the acceptance thereof, because of his Pastorall Charge, being then Minister to the English Congregati∣on at Antwerp. Thanks, perchance, not so proper to the person of King Iames (though in Loyalty and good Manners, justly tendred unto him) as due, rather to those who in his minority steered the affaires of Scotland: Nor let any won∣der that an English man should be proffered preferment in Scotland, seeing it was but one for another, remembring that I have read in the life of Mr. Knox, that he was offered an English Bishoprick in the reigne (as I take it) of K. Edw: the 6. and likewise refused the same.

19. But Mr Cartwright survived not long after (otherwise,* 1.50 no doubt, we should have heard of him in Hampton Court-Conference,* 1.51 as the Champion of his Party) who died at the age of sixty, on the 27. of December following. To what we have formerly largely writ of his Character, we now onely adde, that he was born in Hartford shire,* 1.52 and married the Sister of M. Stubbs, whose hand was struck off for writing an [interpreted] Libel against Queen Elizabeths Marriage with Mon∣sieur. This I dare boldly say, She was a most excellent Wife, if she proved like her Brother, whom Mr. Cambden (no great friend of Puritans) cordially com∣mendeth for a right honest man, generally beloved whilest living, and lamented when dead. He was afflicted towards his old Age with many Infirmities, inso∣much that he was forced continually to studie upon his* 1.53 knees. My Eares shall be dear to the uncharitable inference of those, who impute this extraordinary pain∣full posture as a just punishment upon him, in that he had so bitterly inveighed against the gesture of those as superstitious, who reverently received the Sacra∣ment on their knees. M. Dod preached his Funerall Sermon.

20. And now,* 1.54 because there was a generall expectation of a Parliament, sud∣denly to succeed the Presbyterian Party, that they might not be surprised, before

they had their tackling about them,* 1.55 went about to get hands of the Ministers to a Petition, which they intended seasonably to present to the K. and Parl M. Arthur Hildersham, and M. Stephen Egerton, with some others, were chosen, and chiefly intrusted to manage this important businesse. This was called The millenary Pe¦tition, as, One of a thousand,w 1.56 though in indeed there were but seven hundred and fifty Preachers hands set thereunto: But those all collected onely out of five and twenty Counties. However, for the more rotundity of the number, and grace of the matter, it passeth for a full thousand; which, no doubt, the Collectours of the names (if so pleased) might easily have compleated. I dare not guesse what made them desist before their number was finished; whether they thought that these were enough to doe the deed, and moe, were rather for oftentation than use; or, because disheartned by the intervening of the Hampton-Court Conference, they thought, that these were even too many to petition for a Deniall. It is left as yet uncertaine, whether this Conference was by the Kings favour graciously ten∣dered, or by the mediation of the Lords of his Counsell powerfully procured; or by the Bishops, as confident of their cause, voluntarily proffered; or by the Mini∣sters importunity effectually obteyned. Each Opinion pretends to Probability, but the last most likely.* 1.57 And, by what meanes soever this Conference was com∣passed, Hampton-Court was the Place, the 14 of January the Time, and the follow¦ing Names the Persons which were employed therein.

For Conformity.	Moderator	Against Conformity.
Arch bish of Canterbury. Whitgift. Biashops of London. Bancroft Durham. Mathew. Winchester. Bilson. Worcester. Babington. St. Davids. Rudd. Chicester. Watson. Carleil. Robinson. Peterbor. Dove. Deans of Thea 1.58 Chappel. Christ-Church. Worcester. Westminster. Andrewes. S. Pauls. Overall. Chester. Barlow. Sarisbury Bridges. Winsor. D. Field. King.	KING JAMES. ...Spectators. All the Lords of the Privy Coun∣cil, whereas some at times, interpo∣sed a few words. ...Place. A withdrawing Room within the Privy chamber.	...Dr. Reynolds. Sparks. ...Mr. Knewstubs. Chaderton. These remaining in a Room without, were not called in the first day.

To omit all gratulatory Preambles, as necessary, when spoken, as needlesse, if now repeated, we will present onely the Substance of this Dayes Conference, his Majesty thus beginning it.

It is no novel device, but according to the example of all Christian Prin∣ces, for Kings to take the first course for the establishing of the Church, both in Doctrine and Policy. To this the very Heathen related in their Pro∣verb, A Jove principium, particularly in this Land, King Henry the 8. to∣wards the end of his Reign, altered much, King Edward the 6. more, Queen Mary reversed all, and lastly, Queen Elizabeth (ofb 1.59 famous memory) setled Religion as now it standeth.

Herein I am happier than they, because they were faine to alter all things

they found established,* 1.60 whereas I see yet no suchcause to change,* 1.61 as confirm what I finde well setled already. For blessed be Gods gracious Goodnesse, who hath brought me into the Promised Land, where Religion is purely professed, where I sit amongst Grave, Learned, and Reverend Men, not as before, elsewhere, a King without State, without Honour, without Order, where Beardlesse Boyes would brave us to the Face.

And I assure you, we have not called this Assembly for any Innovation, for we acknowledge the Government Ecclesiasticall, as now it is, to have been approved by manifold blessings from God himself, both for the in∣crease of the Gospel, and with a most happy and glorious Peace. Yet be∣cause nothing can be to absolutely ordered, but that something may be ad∣ded thereunto, and corruption in any State (as in the Body of Man) will in∣sensibly grow either thorough Time or Persons; and because we have re∣ceived many complaints since our first entrance into this Kingdome of ma∣ny disorders, and much disobedience to the Lawes, with a great falling away to Popery. Our purpose therefore is, like a good Physitian, to examine and try the Complaints, and fully to remove the occasions thereof, if scandalous; cure them if dangerous and take knowledge of them, if but frivolous, there∣by to cast a Sop into Cerberus his Mouth, that he bark no more. For this cause we have called you Bishops and Deans in, severally by your selves, not to be confronted by the contrary Opponents, that if any thing should be found meet to be redressed, it might be done without any visible Altera∣tion.

Particularly there be some speciall Points wherein I desire to be satisfied, and which may be renduced to three Heads, 1. Concerning the Book of Common Prayer and Divine Service used in the Church. 2. Excommunicati∣on in Ecclesiasticall Courts. 3. The providing of fit and able Ministers for Ire∣land. In the Common Prayer-book I require satisfaction about three things:

First about Co••firmation. For the very name thereof, if arguing a Confir∣ming of Bapt••sme, as if this Sacrament without it were of no validity, is plain∣ly blasphemous. For though at the first use thereof in the Church, it was thought necessary, that baptised Infants, who formerly had answered by their Patrins, should, when come to yeares of discretion, after their Profes∣sion made by themselves, be confirmed with the blessing of the Bishop, I abhorre the Abu••e wherein it is made a Sacrament, or Corroboration to Ba∣ptisme.

As for Absolution, I know not how it is used in our Church, but have heard it likened to the Popes Pardons. There be indeed two kindes thereof from God: One generall, all Prayers and Preaching importing an Absolution. The other particular to speciall Parties, having committed a Scandall, and repenting: Otherwise, where Excommunication precedes not, in my judge∣ment there needs no Absolution.

Private Baptisme is the third thing wherein I would be satisfied in the Common Prayer: If called Private from the Place, I think it agreeable with the use of the Primitive Church; but if termed private, that any, besides a lawfull Minister, may baptise, I utterly dislike it. [And here his Ma∣jesty grew somewhat earnest in his Expressions, against the baptising by Women and Laicks.]

In the second Head of Excommunication, I offer two things to be conside∣red of: First the Matter, Secondly the Persons. For the first, I would be satisfied, whether it be executed (as it is complainmed of to me) in light Cau∣ses, and that too commonly, which causeth the undervaluing thereof. For the Persons, I would be resolved, why Chancellours, and Commissaries, be∣ing Lay-men, should do it, and not rather the Bishops themselves, or some Minister of Gravity and account, deputed by them for the more dignity

to so high and weighty a Censure. As for providing Ministers for Ireland, I shall refer it in the last daies Conference to a Consultation.

c 1.62

Ar-Bp. of Cāt.

Confirmation hath been used in the Catholick Church ever since the Apostles; and it is a very untrue suggestion (if any have informed your Highnesse) that the Church of England holds Baptisme imperfect with∣out it, as adding to the vertue and strength thereof.

BP. of Lon.

The Authority of Confirmation depends not onely ond 1.63 Antiquity, and the Practise of the Primitive Church, but is an Apostolical Institution, named in expresse words, Heb. 6. 2. and so did Mr. Calvin expound the very place, earnestly wishing the restitution thereof in the reformed Churches. [The Bishop of Carlile is said gravely and learnedly to have urged the same, and the Bishop of Durham noted something out of S. Matthew for the Im∣position of hands on Children.]

The Conclusion was this, For the fuller Explanation that we make Confirmati∣on, neither a Sacrament nor a Corroboration thereof, their Lordships should con∣sider whether it might not without Alteration (whereof his Majesty was still very wary) be intitled an Examination with a Confirmation.

Ar-B. of Cāt.

As for the point of Absolution (wherein your Majesty desires satisfa∣ction) it is clear from all abuse or superstition, as it is used in our Church of England, as will appear on the reading both of the Confession and Absolu∣tion following it, in the beginning of the Communion Book.

Here the King perused both, and returned.

His Majesty.

I like, and approve them, finding it to be very true what you say.

BP. of Lond.

It becometh us to deal plainly with your Majesty. There is also in the Book a more particular and personall absolution int he Visitation of the Sick.

Here the Dean of the Chappel turned unto it and read it.* 1.64

BP. of Lond.

Not onely the Confessions of Augusts, Boheme, and Saxon, re∣taine and allow it, but Mr. Calvin also doth approve, both such a generall, and such a private (for so he termes it) Confession and Absolution.

His Majesty.

I exceedingly well approve it, being an Apostolicall and Godly Ordinance, given in the name of Christ, to one that desireth it, upon the clearing of his Conscience.

The Conclusion was this, That the Bishops should consult, whether unto the Rubrick of the general Absolution, these words, Remission of Sins, might not be ad∣ded for explanation sake.

Arch-BP. of Can.

To the point of private Baptisme, the administration thereof by Women and Lay-persons is not allowed in the practise of the Church, but enquired of, and ceusured by Bishops in their Visitations.

His Majesty.

The Words of the Book cannot but intend a permission of Wo∣men and private Persons to baptise.

BP. of Worc.

* 1.65 The doubtfull words may be pressed to that meaning; yet the Com∣pilers of the Book did not so intend them, as appeareth by their contrary practise. But they propounded them ambiguously, because otherwise (per∣haps) the Book would not (then) have passed the Parliament.

BP. of Lond.

Those reverend Men intended not by ambiguous terms to deceive any, but thereby intendede 1.66 a Permission of private Persons to baptise, in case of necessity. This is agreeable to the practise of the ancient Church, Act. 2. when three thousand being baptised in a day, (which for the Apostles alone to doe, was [at the least] improbable) some being neither Priests nor Bi∣shops, must be presumed imployed therein, and some Fathers are of the same opinion. Here he spake much, and earnestly about the necessity of Bap∣tisme.

His Ma.

That in the Acts was an Act exraordinary, and done before a Church was setled and grounded, wherefore no sound reasoning thence to a Church stablished and flourishing. I maintaine the necessity of Baptisme, and alwayes thought the place John 3. 5. Except one be born againe of Water, &c. was meant thereof. It may seem strange to you, my Lords, that I think you in England give too much to Baptisme, seeing fourteen moneths agoe in Scotland, I argued with my Divines there, for attributing too little unto it; Insomuch that a pert Minister asked me, if I thought Baptism so necessary, that, if omitted, the Child should be damned? I answered, No: But if you, called to baptise a Child, though 0privately, refuse to come, I think you shall be dam∣ned.

But, this necessity of Baptisme I so understand, that it is necessary to be had, if lawfully to be had, that is, ministred by lawfull Ministers, by whom alone, and no private person in any case, it may be administred: though I utterly dislike all Re-baptization on those whom Women or Laicks have baptised.

Bp. of Winch.

To deny private Persons to baptize in case of necessity, were to crosse all Antiquity, and the common Practice of the Church, it being a rule agreed on amongst Divines, that the Minister is not of the Essence of the Sacra∣ment.

His Ma.

Though he be not of the Essence of the Sacrament, yet is he of the Essence of the right, and lawfull Ministry thereof, according to Christsg 1.67 Commission to his Disciples, Go preach and baptise, &c.

The Result was this, To consult, whether in the Rubrick of Private Baptisme, which leaves it indifferently to all, these words, Curate, or lawfull Minister, may not be inserted.

For the point of Excommunication, His Majesty propounded, whether in causes of lesser moment the name might not be altered, and the same censure retained. Secondly, whether in place thereof another coertion, equivalent there∣unto, might not be invented? Which all sides easily yeilded unto, as long and often desired; and so was

The end of the first dayes Conference.

On Monday January the 16. they all met in the same place,* 1.68 with all the Deans and Doctours above mentioned; (Patrick Galloway, Minister of Perth in Scotland, admitted also to be there) And hopefull Prince Henry sate on a stoole by his Fa∣ther.

The King made a pithie Speech to the same purpose which he made the first day, differing onely in the conclusion thereof, being an addresse to the four Op∣posers of Conformity, there present, whom he understood the most grave, lear∣ned, and modest of the aggrieved sort, professing himself ready to hear at large what they could object, and willed them to begin.

D^r. Reyn.

All things disliked or questioned, may be reduced to these four Heads▪

1. That the Doctrine of the Church might be preserved in purity, ac∣cording to Gods Word.

2. That good Pastors might be planted in all Churches to preach the same.

3. That the Church government might be sincerely ministred according to Gods Word.

4. That the Book of Common-Prayer might be fitted to more increase of Piety.

For the first, may Your Majesty be pleased, that the Book of Articles of Religion concluded on 1562. may be explained where obscure, enlarged where defective, viz. Whereas it is said, Article the 16. After we have

received the Holy Ghost, we may depart from Grace. These words may be explained with this or the like addition, Yet neither totally, nor finally. To which end it would do very well, if the mine orthodoxall Assertions, con∣cluded on at Lambeth, might be inserted into the Book of Articles.

Secondly, whereas it is said in the 23 Article, that it is not lawfull for any in the Congregation to preach, before he be lawfully called: these words ought to be altered, because implying one out of the Congregation may preach, though not lawfully called.

Thirdly, in the 25 Article there seemeth a contradiction, one passage therein confessing Confirmation, to be a depraved imitation of the Apostles, and another grounding it on their example.

BP. of Lond.

May your Majesty be pleased, that the ancient Canon may be re∣membred, Schismatici contra Episcopos non sunt audiendi. And, there is another Decree of a very ancient Council, That no man should be admitted to speak against that whereunto he hath formerly subscribed.

And as for you Doctor Reynolds, and your Sociates, how much are ye bound to his Majestie's Clemency, permitting you, contrary to the Statute primo Elizabethae, so freely to speak against the Liturgie, and Discipline established. Faine would I know the end you aime at, and whether you be not of Mr. Cartwright's minde, who affirmed, That we ought in Ceremonies rather to conforme to the Turks than to the Papists. I doubt you approve his Position, because here appearing before his Majesty in Turky-Gownes, not in your Scholastick habits, according to the order of the Universities.

His Majesty.

My Lord Bishop, something in your passion I may excuse, and something I must mislike. I may excuse you thus farre, That I thinke you have just cause to be moved, in respect that they traduce the well∣setled Government, and also proceed in so indirect a course, contrary to their owne pretence, and the intent of this Meeting. I mislike your sudden interruption of Doctour Reynolds, whom you should have suf∣fered to have taken his liberty; For, there is no Order, nor can be any effectuall Issue of Disputation, if each party be not suffered, without chopping, to speak at large. Wherefore, either let the Doctor proceed, or frame your Answer to his Motions already made, although some of them are very needlesse.

BP. of Lond.

Upon the first motion concerning falling from Grace, may Your Majesty be pleased to consider how many in these dayes neglect holinesse of Life, presuming on persisting in Grace upon Predestination, If I shall be saved, I shall be saved. A desperate Doctrine, contrary to good Divinity, wherein we should reason rather ascendendo than descendendo, from our Obedience to God, and Love to our Neighbour, to our Election and Prede∣stination. As for the Doctrine of the Church of England, touching Pre∣destination, it is in the very next Paragraph, viz. We must receive Gods Promises in such wise as they be generally set forth to us in Holy Scri∣pture, and in our doings the will of God is to be followed, which we have expresly declared unto us in the Word of God.

His Majesty.

I approve it very well, as consonant with the place of Paul, Work out your salvation with feare and trembling. Yet let it be considered of, whether any thing were meet to be added for clearing of the Doctors doubt, by putting in the word often, or the like. Mean time, I wish that the Doctrine of Predestination may be tenderly handled, lest on the one side Gods Omnipotency be questioned by impeaching the Doctrine of his eternall Predestination, or on the other side a desperate presumption arrea∣red, by inferring the necessary certainty of persisting in Grace.

B. of Lond.

The second Objection of the Doctors is vain, it being the Doctrine and Practice of the Church of England, that none but a Licensed Minister may preach, nor administer the Lords Supper.

His Majesty.

As for Private Baptisme, I have already with the Bishops taken order for the same.

Then came they to the 2^d. point of Confirmation, and upon the perusal of the words of the Article, His Majesty concluded the pretended Contra∣diction a Cvaill.

Bp. of Lond.

Confirmation is not so much founded on the place in the Acts of the Apostles, but upon Heb. 6. 2. which was the opinion, besides the judgement of the Fathers, of Mr. Calvinh 1.69 and Doctour Fulki 1.70; neither needeth there any farther proof, seeing (as I suppose) he that objected this holds not Confir∣mation unlawfull; but he and his Party are vexed that the use thereof is not in their owne hands, for every Pastor to confirme his owne Parish; for then it would be accounted an Apostolicall Institution, if Dr. Reynolds were pleased but to speak his thoughts therein.

D^r. Reyn.

Indeed seeing some Diocesse of a Bishop hath therein sixk 1.71 hundred Parishes, it is a thing very inconvenient to permit Confirmation to the Bishop alone; and I suppose it impossible that he can take due examination of them all which come to be confirmed.

BP. of Lond.

To the matter of fact, I answer, that Bishops in their Visitations ap∣point either their Chaplains, or some other Ministers, to examine them which are to be confirmed, and lightly confirme none but by the testimony of the Par∣sons and Curates,* 1.72 where the Children are bred and brought up.

To the Opinion I answer, that none of all the Fathers ever admitted any to confirme but Bishops alone. Yea, even S. Jerome himselfe (otherwise no friend to Bishops) confesseth the execution thereof was restrained to Bishops onely.

BP. of Winch.

Dr. Reynolds, I would fain have you, with all your Learning, shew where ever Confirmation was used in antient times by any other but Bi∣shops; These used ait partly to examine Children, and after Examination by Imposition of Hands (the Jewish Ceremony of Blessing) to blesse and pray over them; and partly to try whether they had been baptised in the right forme or no. For in former ages some baptised (as they ought) in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy-Ghost. Some (as the Arrians) in the name of the Father as the greater, and the Sonne as the lesse. Some in the name of theFather by the Sonne, in the Holy Ghost. Some not in the name of the Trinity, but onely in the Death of Christ. Whereupon Ca∣tholick Bishops were constrained to examine them who were baptised in re∣motis, concerning their Baptisme, if right to confirme them, if amisse to instruct them.

His Majesty.

I dissent from the judgement of S. Jerome in his assertion, that Bishops are not of Divine Ordination.

BP. of Lond.

Unlesse I could prove my Ordination lawfull out of the Scriptures, I would not be a Bishop four hours longer.

His Majesty.

I approve the calling and use of Bishops in the Church, and it is my Aphorisme, No Bishop, no King; nor intend I to take Confirmation from the Bishops, which they have so long enjoyed. Seeing as great rea∣son that none should confirme, as that none should preach without the Bishops License. But let it be referred, whether the word Examination ought not to be added to the Rubrick in the title of Confirmation in the Communion-book. And now Dr. Reynolds you may proceed.

D^•. Reyn.

I protest I meant not to gall any man, though I perceive some took per∣sonall exceptions at my words, and desire the imputation ofm 1.73 Schisme may not be charged upon me. To proceed on the 37. Article, wherein are these words, The Bishop of Rome hath no authority in this Land. These are not sufficient, unless it were added, nor ought to have any.

His Majesty.

Habemus jure, quod habemus, and therefore in as much as it is said he hath not, it is plaine enough that he ought not to have.

Here passed some pleasant discourse betwixt the King and Lords about Puritants, till returning to seriousnesse: There began the

BP. of Lond.

May it please your Majesty to remember the Speech of the French Embassadour, Mounsieur Rognee, upon the view of our solemne service and Ceremonie, viz. That if the Reformed Churches in France had kept the same order, there would have been thousands of Protestants more than there are.

D^r. Reyn.

It were well if this proposition might be added to the Book of Arti∣cles, The Intention of the Minister is not of the Essence of the Sacrament, the rather, because some in England have preached it to be essentiall; and here againe I could desire that the nine Orthodoxall Assertions concluded at Lambeth, may be generally received.

His Majesty.

I utterly dislike the first part of your motion, thinking it unfit to thrust into the Book of Articles every position negative, which would swell the book into a volume as big as the Bible, and confound the Rea∣der. Thus on M. Craig in Scotland with his, I renounce and abhorre his multiplyed detestations and abrenuntiations, so amazed simple people, that not able to conceive all their things, they fell back to Popery, or remained in their former ignorance. If bound to this forme, the Con∣fession of my faith must be in my Table booke, not in my head.

Because you speake of intention, I will apply it thus. If you come hither with a good intention to be informed, the whole work will sort to the better effect: But if your intention be to go as you came (whatsoever shall be said) it will prove the intention is very materiall and essentiall to the end of this present action.

As for the nine Assertions you speak of, I cannot sodainly answer, not knowing what those Propositions of Lambeth be.

BP. of Lond.

May it please your Majesty, this was the occasion of them, by rea∣son of some Controversies arising in Cambridge about certain points of Di∣vinity, my Lords Grace assembled some Divines of speciall note to set down their opinions, which they drew into nine Assertions, and so sent them to the University for the appeasing of those quarrels.

His Majesty.

When such questions arise amongst Scholars, the quietest pro∣ceedings were to determine them in the University, and not to stuff the Book of Articles, with all Conclusions Theologicall.

Secondly, the better course would be to punish the Broachers of false Doctrine, than to multiply Articles, which, if never so many, cannot pre∣vent thecontrary opinions of men till they be heard.

Dean of Pauls.

May it please your Majesty, I am neerely concerned in this mat∣ter, by reason of a Controversie betwixt me and some other in Cam∣bridge, upon a Proposition, which I there delivered, namely, that whoso∣ver (though before justified) did commit any grievous sinne, as Adultery, Murder, &c. doe become ipso facto, subject to Gods wrath, and guilty of Damnation, quoad praesentem statum, untill they repent. Yet, so that those who are justified according to the purpose of Gods Election (though they might fall into grievous sin, and thereby into the present Estate of Damnation) yet never totally nor finally from Justification; but were in time renewed by Gods spirit unto a lively Faith and Repentance. Against this Doctrine some did oppose, teaching that persons once truly justified, though falling into grievous sinnes, remained still in the state of Justifica∣tion, before they actually repented of these sinnes; yea, and though they ne∣ver repented of them through forgetfulnesse or sudden death, they neverthe∣lesse were justified and saved.

His Majesty.

I dislike this Doctrine, there being a necessity of conjoyning re∣pentance and holinesse of Life with true Faith, and that is Hypocrisie, and not justifying Faith, which is severed from them. For although Pre∣destination

and Election depend not on any qualities, actions, or works of Man which are mutable, but on Gods eternall Decree. Yet such is the ne∣cessity of repentance after known sinnes committed, that without it no Reconciliation with God, or Remission of Sins.

Dr. Reyn.

The Catechisme in the Common-Prayer-book is too brief, and that by Mr. Nowel (late Deane of Pauls) too long for Novices to learne by heart. I request therefore that one Uniform Catechisme may be made, and none other generally received.

His Majesty.

I think the Doctour's request very reasonable, yet so, that the Catechisme may be made in the fewest and plainest affirmative termes that may be, not like the many ignorant Catechismes in Scotland, set out by every one who was the Sonne of a good man; insomuch that what was Catechisme-Doctrine in one Congregation, was scarcely received as Orthodox in another; and herein I would have two rules observed: First, That curious and deep questions be avoided in the Fundamen∣tall instruction of a People, Secondly, That there should not be so general a departure from the Papists, that every thing should be accounted an Errour wherein we agree with them.

Dr. Reyn.

Great is the Prophanation of the Sabbath day, and contempt of your Majestie's Proclamation, which I earnestly desire may be refor∣med.

This motion found an unanimous consent.

Dr. Reyn.

May your Majesty be pleased that the Bible be new translated, such as are extant not answering the Originall, and he instanced in three particulars.

• Gal. 4. 25.
• Psal. 105. 28.
• Psal. 106. 30.
  • In the Originall
    • ...〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉
    • They were not disobedient.
    • Phinehas execut. judgement.
      • Ill tran∣slated
        • Bordereth.
        • They were not obedient.
        • Phinehas prayed.

B. of Lond.

If every mans humour might be followed, there would be no end of translating.

His Majesty.

I professe I could never yet see a Bible well translated in English; but I think, that of all, that of Geneva is the worst. I wish some speciall pains were taken for an uniform translation; which should be done by the best learned in both Universities, then reviewed by the Bishops, presented to the Privy Councell, lastly ratified by Royall Authority, to be read in the whole Church, and no other.

Bp. of Lond.

But it is fit that no marginall notes should be added thereunto.

His Majesty.

That Caveat is well put in, for in the Geneva Translation, some notes are partiall, untrue, seditious, and savouring of traiterous conceits: As, when from Exodus 1. 19. Disobedience to Kings is allowed in a Marginall note. And 2 Chron. 15. 16. King Asa taxed in the Note for onely deposing his Mother for Idolatry, and not killing her. To con∣clude this point, let Errours, in matters of Faith, be amended, and indif∣ferent things be interpreted, and a gloss added unto them. For as Barto∣lus de Regno saith, that a King with some weaknesse, is better than still a change; so rather a Church with some Faults, than an Innovation. And surely, if these were the greatest matters that grieved you, I need not have been troubled with such importunate Complaints.

D^r. Reyn.

May it please your Majesty, that unlawfull and seditious Books be suppressed, such as Ficlerus, a Papist, De Jure Magistratus in Subditos, applyed against the late Queen for the Pope.

Bp. of Lond.

There is no such licentious divulging of those Books, and none have Liberty, by Authority, to buy them, except such as Dr. Reynolds, who was supposed would confute them. And, if such Books come into the Realme by secret conveyances, perfect nottce cannot be had of their impor∣tation.

Besides, Ficlerus was a great Disciplinarian, whereby it appeares what advantage that sort gave unto thei Papists, who, mutatis personis, apply their owne arguments against Princes of their Religion, though for my part I detest both the Author and Applyer alike.

The L^d. Cecil.

Indeed the unlimited liberty of dispersing Popish and Seditious Pam∣phlets in Paul's Church yard, and both the Universities, hath done much mischief; but especially one called Speculum Tragicum.

His Majesty.

That is a dangerous Book indeed.

L. H: Howard.

Both for Matter and Intention.

L^d. Chancel.

Of such Books, some are Latin, some are English, but the last disper∣sed do most harm.

Secret. Cecil.

But my Lord of London (and no man else) hath done what he could to suppresse them.

His Majesty.

Dr. Reynolds, you are a better Colledge man than a States-man, if meaning to tax the Bishop of London for suffering those Books, betweene the Secular Priests and Jesuits, to be published, which he did by warrant from the Council, to nourish a Schisme betwixt them.

L^d. Cecil.

Such Books were tolerated, because by them the Title of Spaine was confuted.

L^d. Treasurer.

And because therein it appeares, by the Testimony of the Priests themselves, that no Papists are put to death for Conscience onely, but for Treason.

Dr. Reyn.

Indeed I meant not such Books as were printed in England, but one ly such as came from beyond the Seas. And now to proceed to the second ge¦nerall point, concerning the planting of learned Ministers, I desire they be in every Parish.

His Majesty.

I have consulted with my Bishops about it, whom I have found willing and ready herein: But, as subita evacuatio is periculosa; so subita mutatio: It cannot presently be performed, the Universities not affor∣ding them. And yet they afford moe learned men, than the Realme doth Maintenance, which must be first provided. In the mean time, ignorant Ministers, if young, are to be removed, if there be no hope of amendment; if old, their death must be expected, because Jerusalem cannot be built up in a day.

BP. of Winch

Lay-Patrons much cause the insufficiency of the Clergy, presenting mean Clerks to their Cures (the Law admitting of such sufficiency; and, if the Bishop refuseth them, presently a Quare impedit is sent out against him.

BP. of Lond.

Because this I see is a time of moving Petitions,* 1.74 may I humbly present two or three to your Majesty: First, That there may be amongst us a praying Ministery, it being now come to passe, that men think it is the one¦ly Duty of Ministers to spend their time in the Pulpit. I confesse, in a Church newly to be planted, Preaching is most necessary, not so in one long established, that Prayer should be neglected.

His Majesty.

I like your Motion exceeding well, and dislike the Hypocrisie of our Time, who place all their Religion in the Eare, whilest Prayer (so re¦quisite and acceptable, if duly performed) is accounted and used as the least part of Religion.

Bp. of Lond.

My second motion is, that untill Learned men may be planted in eve∣ry Congregation, godly Homilies may be read therein.

His Majesty.

I approve your Motion, especially where the Living is not suf∣ficient for the maintenance of a learned Preacher. Also, where there be multitudes of Sermons, there I would have Homilies read divers times.

Here the King asked the assent of the Plantiffs, and they confessed it. A preaching Ministry is best, but where it may not be had, godly Prayers and Exhortations do much good.

L^d. Chancel.

Livings rather want Learned men,* 1.75 than Learned men Livings; many in the Universities pining for want of Places. I wish therefore some may have single Coats [one Living] before others have Doublets [Plura∣lities.] And this method I have observed in bestowing the King's Bene∣fices.

Bp. of Lond.

I commend your honourable care that way; but a Doublet is neces∣sary in cold Weather.

L^d. Chancel.

I dislike not the Liberty of our Church, in granting to one man two Benefices, but speak out of mine own purpose and practise, grounded on the aforesaid reason.

BP. of Lond.

My last motion is, that Pulpits may not bemade Pasquils, wherein every discontented Fellow may traduce his Superiours.

His Majesty.

I accept what you offer, for the Pulpit is no place of personall Reproof, let them complaine to me, if injured.

BP. of Lond.

If you Majesty shall leave your self open to admit of all Com∣plaints, hour Highnesse shall never be quiet, nor your under-Officers regar∣ded, whom every Delinquent, when censured, will threaten to complain of.

His Majesty.

I mean they shall complaine to Me by degrees; first to the Ordi∣narie, from him to the Arch-bishop, from him to the Lords of the Coun∣cil; and, if in all these no remedy be found, then to my Self.

Dr. Reyn.

I come now to Subscription,* 1.76 as a great impeachment to a learned Ministerie, and therefore intreat it may not be exacted as heretofore; for which many good men are kept out, though otherwise willing to subscribe to the Statutes of the Realme, Articles of Religion, and the Kings Supremacy. The reason of their backwardness to subscribe, is, because the Common-prayer en∣joyneth the Apocripha books to be read in the Church, although some Chapters therein contain manifest Errours repugnant to Scripture. For in∣stance, Ecclus. 48. 10. Elias in person is said to come before Christ, contrary to what is in the New* 1.77 Testament of Elias in resemblance, that is, John the Baptist.

BP. of Lond.

Most of the Objections against those Books, are the old Cavills of the Jewes, renewed by S. Jerome (who first called them Apocripha) which opinion, upon Ruffinus his challenge, he, after a sort, disclaimed.

BP. of Winch.

Indeed S. Jerome saith, Canonici sunt ad informandos mores, non ad confirmandam fidem.

His Majesty.

To take an even order* 1.78 betwixt both, I would not have all Cano∣nicall Books read in the Church, nor any Chapter out of the Apocri∣pha, wherein any errour is contained; wherefore let Dr. Reynolds note those Chapters in the Apocripha-books, wherein those offences are, and bring them to the Arch-bishop of Cant. against Wednesday next; and now Dr. proceed.

Dr. Reyn.

The next Scruple against Subscription, is, because it is twice* 1.79 set down in the Common-prayer-book, Jesus said to his Disciples, when by the Text in the Originall, it is plain, that he spake to the Pharisees.

His Majesty.

Let the word Disciples, be omitted, and the words, Jesus said be printed in a different Letter.

Mr. Knewst.

I take exceptions at the Crosse in Baptism, whereat the weak Bre∣thren are offended, contrary to the counsel of the Apostle, Romans 14. 2 Corinth. 8.

His Majesty.

Distingue tempora, & concordabunt Scripturae, Great the diffe∣rence betwixt those times and ours. Then, a Church not fully settled; Now, ours long established. How long will such Brethren be weak? Are not FORTY FIVE years sufficient for them to grow strong in? Besides, who pretends this weaknesse? We require not Subscriptions of Layicks and Ideots, but of Preachers and Ministers, who are not still (I trow) to be sed with Milk, being inabled to feed others. Some of them

are strong enough, if not head-strong; conceiving themselves able enough to teach him who last spake for them, andall the Bishops in the Land.

Mr. Knewst.

It is questionable whether the Church hath power to institute an out∣ward signifiant signe.

BP. of Lond.

The Crosse in Baptisme is not used otherwise than a Ceremony.

Bp. of Winch.

Kneeling, lifting up of the Hands, knocking of the Breast, are signi∣ficant Ceremonies, and these may lawfully be used.

D. of the Chap.

The Robbines write, that the Jewes added both Signes and Words at the institution of the Passeover, viz. when they ate sowre herbs, they said, Take and eat these in remembrance, &c. When they drank Wine, they said, Drink this in remembrance, &c. Upon which addition, and tradition, our Saviour instituted the Sacrament of his last Supper, thereby approving, a Church may institute and retaine a Signe significant.

His Majesty.

I am exceeding well satisfied in this point, but would be ac∣quainted about the antiquity of the use of the Crosse.

Dr. Reyn.

It hath been used ever since the Apostles time; But the onestion is, how ancient the use thereof hath been in Baptism.

D. of Westm.

It appeares out of Tertullian, Cyprian, and Origen, that it was used in immortali lavacro.

Bp. of Winch.

In Constantine's time it was used in Baptisme.

His Majesty.

If so, I see no reason but that we may continue it.

Mr. Knewst.

Put the case the Church hath power to adde significant signes, it may not adde them where Christ hath already ordained them, which is as de∣rogatory to Christs Institution, as if one should adde to thegreat Seale of England.

His Majesty.

The case is not alike, seeing the Sacrament is fully finished, be∣fore any mention of the Crosse is made therein.

Mr. Knewst.

If the Church hath such a power, the greatest scruple is, how far the Ordinance of the Church bindeth, without impeaching Christian Liberty.

His Majesty.

I will not argue that point with you, but answer as Kings in Par∣liament Le Roy s'avicera; This is like M. John Black, a beardlesse Boy, who told me the last* 1.80 Conference in Scotland, that he would hold conformi∣ty with his Majesty in matters of Doctrine; but every man for Ceremo∣nies was to be left to his own Liberty. But I will have none of that, I will have one Doctrine, one Discipline, one Religion, in Substance, and in Ceremony. Never speak more to that point, how farre you are bound to obey.

Dr. Reyn.

Would that the Cross (being superstitiously abused in Popery) were abandoned, as the Brazen Serpent was stamped to powder by Hezekias, be∣cause abused to Idolatry.

His Majesty.

In as much as the Crosse was abused to Superstition in time of Popery, it doth plainly imply that it was well used before. I detest their courses, who peremptorily disallow of all things, which have been abused in Popery, and know not how to answwer the objections of the Papists, when they charge us with Novelties, but by telling them, we retaine the primitive use of things, and onely forsake their Novell Corruptions. Se∣condly, no resemblance betwixt the Brazen Serpent (a materiall visible thing) and the signe of the Cross, made in the Aire. Thirdly, Papists (as I am informed) did never ascribe any spirituall Grace to the Cross in Bap∣tisme. Lastly, materiall Crosses, to which people fell downe in time of Popery (as the Idolatrous Jewes to the Brazen Serpent) are already demo∣lished, as you desire.

Mr. Knewst.

I take exception at the wearing of the Surplice, a kind of Garment used by the Priests of Isis.

His Majesty.

I did not think, till of late, it had been borrowed from the Hea∣then, because commonly called a rag of Popery. Seeing now we border

not upon Heathens,* 1.81* 1.82 neither are any of them conversant with, or commo∣rant amongst us, thereby to be confirmed in Paganisme; I see no reason but for comlinesse-sake, it may be continued.

D^r. Reyn.

I take exception at these words in the Marriage, With my body I thee worship.

His Majesty.

I was made believe, the phrase imported no lesse than Divine Adoration, but finde it an usuall English terme, as when we say, A Gentle∣man of worship, & it agreeth with the Scriptures, giving Honour to the Wife. As for you,* 1.83 Dr. Reynolds, many men speak of Robin Hood, who never shot in his Bow. If you had a good Wife your selfe, you would think all worship and honour you could doe her, were well bestowed on her.

D. of Sarum.

Some take exception at the Ring in Marriage.

Dr. Reyn.

I approve it well enough.

His Majesty.

I was married with a Ring, and think others scarce well married without it.

Dr. Reyn.

Some take exceptions at the Churching of Women, by the name of purification.

His Majesty.

I allow it very well, Women being loath of themselves to come to Church, I like this, or any other occasion to draw them thither.

Dr. Reyn.

My last exception is against committing Ecclesiasticall Censures to Lay-Chancellors, the rather, because it was ordered, Anno 1571. that Lay-Chancellors, in matters of Correction,, and Anno 1589. in matters of In∣stance, should not excommunicate any, but be done, onely by them who had power of the Keyes, though the contrary is commonly practised.

His Majesty.

I have conferred with my Bishops about this point, and such or∣der shall be taken therein as is convenient. Mean time go on to some other matter.

Dr. Reyn.

I desire, that according to certaine Provinciall Constitutions, the Clergie may have meetings every three weeks.

1. First in Rural Deaneries, therein to have prophesying, as Arch-bishop Grindall, and other Bishops, desired of her late Majesty.

2. That such things as could not be resolved on there, might be re∣ferred to the Arch-Deacons Visitations.

3. Andso to the Episcopall Synod, to determine such points before not decided.

His Majesty.

If you aime at a Scottish Presbytery, it agreeth as well with Mo∣narchy, as God and the Devill. Then Jack, and Tom, and Will, and Dick, shall meet and censure me and my Councill. Therefore I reiterate my former speech, Le Ray S'avisera; Stay, I pray, for one seven yeares, be∣fore you demand, and then if you find me grow pursie and fat, I may, perchance hearken unto you, for that Government will keep me in breath, and give me work enough. I shall speak of one matter more, somewhat out of order, but it skilleth not; D. Reynolds, you have'often spoken for my Supremacy, and it is well: But know you any here, or elsewhere, who like of the present Government Ecclesiasticall, and dislike my Supremacy?

Dr. Reyn.

I know none.

His Majesty.

Why then I will tell you a tale: After that the Religion resto∣red by King Edward the sixt, was soon overthrowne by Queen Mary here in England, we in Scotland felt the effect of it. For thereupon Mr. Knox, writes to the Queen regent (a vertuous and moderate Lady) telling her that she was the supreme head of the Church; and charged her, as she would answer it at Gods Tribunall, to take care of Christ his Evangil, in sup∣pressing the Popish Prelates, who withstood the same; But how long trow did you this continue? Even till by her authority, the Popish Bi∣shops were repressed, and Knox, with his adherents, being brought in, made strong enough. Then began they to make small account of her su∣premacy,

when, according to that more light, wherewith they were illumi∣nated, they made a farther reformation of themselves. How they used the poore Lady my Mother, is not unknowne, and how they dealt with me in my minority. I thus apply it. My Lords, the Bishops, I may* 1.84 thank you that these men plead thus for my Supremacy. They think they cannot make their Party good against you, but by appealing unto it; but if once you were out, and they in, I know what would become of my Supremacy, for NO BISHOP, NO KING. I have learned of what cut they have been, who, preaching before me, since my coming into England, passed over, with silence, my being Supreme Governour in causes Ecclesiasticall. Well Doctour, have you any thing else to say?

Dr. Reyn.

No more, if it please your Majesty.

His Majesty.

If this be all your Party hath to say, I will make them conforme themselves, or else I will harrie them out of the Land, or else doe worse.

Thus ended the second dayes Conference,* 1.85 and the third began on the Wed∣nesday following, many Knights Civilians, and Doctours of the Law, being admitted thereunto, because the High Commission was the prin∣cipall matter in debate.

His Majesty.

I understand, that the parties named in the High Commission, are too many, and too mean, and the matters they deale with, base, such as Ordinaries at home in their Courts might censure.

Arch-b. of Cant.

It is requisite their number should be many, otherwise I should be forced often-times to sit alone, if in the absence of the Lords of the Council, Bishops, and Judges at Law, some Deanes and Doctours, were not put into that Commission, whose Attendance I might command with the more Autho∣rity: I have often complained of the meannesse of matters handled therein, but cannot remedy it. For though the Offence be small, that the Ordinary may, the Offender oft-times is so great, and contumacious, that the Ordina∣ry d••re not punish him, and so is forced to crave help at the High Com∣mission.

A nameless L^d.

The Proceedings in that Court,* 1.86 are like the Spanish Inquisition, where∣iu men are urged to subscribe more than Law requireth; and by the Oath ex of∣ficio, forced to accuse themselves, being examined upon twenty, or twenty four Articles on a sudden, without deliberation, and for the most part against them∣selves.

In proof hereof, he produced a Letter of an antient honourable Coun∣sellour, An. 1584. verifying this usage to two Minsters in Cambridge shire.

Arch-b. of Cant.

Your Lordship is deceived in the manner of proceeding; For, if the Article touch the Party, for Life, Liberty, or Scandall, he may refuse to answer; I can say nothing to the particulars of the Letter, because twenty yeares since, yet doubted not, but at leisure to give your Lordship satis∣faction.

L^d. Chancel.

There is necessity,* 1.87 and use of the Oath Ex officio, in divers Courts, and Causes.

His Majesty.

Indeed civil Proceedings onely punish Facts; but it is requisite that Fame and Scandals be looked unto in Courts Ecclesiasticall, and yet great moderation is to be used therein.

1. In gravioribus criminibus.

2. In such whereof there is a publique Fame, caused by the inordinate demeanour of the Offender.

And here he soundly described the Oath ex officio, for the ground thereof, the Wisdome of the Law therein, the manner of proceeding thereby, and pro∣fitable effect from the same.

Arch-b. of Cant.

Undoubtedly your Majesty speaks by the speciall assistance of Gods Spirit.

BP. of Lond.

I protest my heart melteth with joy, that Almighty God, of his singu∣lar mercy,* 1.88 hath given us such a King, as, since Christs time, the like hath not beene.

Then passed there much discourse between the King, the Bishops, and the Lords, about the quality of the Persons, and Causes in the High Commission, rectifying Excommunications in matters of lesse moment, punishing Recusants, providing Divines for Ireland, Wales, and the Northern Borders. Afterwards the four Preachers were called in, and such alterations in the Lyturgie were read unto them, which the Bishops, by the Kings advice, had made, and to which, by their silence, they seemed to consent.

His Majesty.

I see the exceptions against the Communion-book, are matters of weakness, therefore if the persons reluctant be discreet, they will be won betimes, and by good perswasions: If indiscreet, better they were removed, for by their factions many are driven to be Papists. From you Dr. Reynolds and your Associates, I expect obedience and humility (the marks of honest and good men and that you would perswade others abroad by your example.

Dr. Reyn.

We here do promise to performe all duties to Bishops, as Reverend Fa∣thers, and to joyne with them against the common Adversary for the quiet of the Church.

Mr. Chader.

I request* 1.89 the wearing of the Surplice, and the Cross in Baptism may not be urged on some godly Ministers in Lancashire, fearing, if forced unto them, many won by their preaching of the Gospel will revolt to Popery, and I particularly instance in the Vicar of Ratsdale.

Ar-b. of Cant.

You could not have light upon a worse, for not many yeares agoe (as my Lord* 1.90 Chancellor knowes) it was proved before me, that by his unreve∣rent usage of the Eucharist (dealing the Bread out of a Basket, every man putting in his hand, and taking out a piece) he made many loath the Commu∣nion, and refuse to come to Church.

His Majestie.

It is not my purpose, and I dare say it is not the Bishops intent, presently, and out of hand, to enforce these things, without Fatherly Ad∣monitions, Conferences, and Perswasions, premised; but I wish it were examined, whether such Lancashire Ministers, by their paines and prea∣ching, have converted any from Popery, and withall be men of honest Life, and quiet Conversation. If so, let Letters be written to the Bishop of* 1.91 Chester, (who is grave and good man) to that purpose, that some favour may be afforded unto them, and let the Lord Arch-bishop write the Letters.

BP. of Lond.

If this be granted, the copie of these Letters will flie all over Eng∣land, and then all non conformists will make the like request, and so no fruit follow of this Conference, but things will be worse than they were be∣fore. I desire therefore a time may be limited, within the compasse whereof they shall conforme.

His Majesty.

I assent thereunto, and let the Bishop of the Diocesse set downe the time.

Mr. Knewst.

I request* 1.92 the like favour of forbearance to some honest Ministers in Suffolk. For it will make much against their credits in the Countrey, to be now forced to the Surplice, and Crosse in Baptisime.

Arch-b. of Cant.

Nay Sir.—

His Majesty.

Let me alone to answer him. Sir, you shew your self an unchari∣table man. We have here taken paines, and, in the end, have concluded on Unity and Uniformity, and you, forsooth, must prefer the credits of a few Private Men before the Peace of the Church. This is just the Scotch Argument, when any thing was concluded, which disliked some hu∣mours. Let them either conform themselves shortly, or they shall hear of it.

L^d. Cecil.

The indecencie of ambuling Communions, is very offensive, and hath driven many from the Church.

BP. of Lond.

And Mr. Chaderton, I could tell you of sitting Communions in Emanuel Colledge.

Mr. Chad.

It is so, because of the seats so placed as they be, and yet we have some kneeling also in our Chappell.

His Majesty.

No more hereof for the present, seeing they have joyntly promi∣sed hereafter to be quiet and obedient.

Whereat He rose up to depart into an inner Chamber.

BP. of Lond.

Gods goodnesse be blessed for your Majesty, and give health and pro∣sperity to Your Highnesse, your Gracious Queene, the young Prince, and all the Royall Issue.

Thus ended the three dayes Conference,* 1.93 wherein how discreetly the King car∣ried himself, Posterity (out of the reach of Flatterie is the most competent Judg, such matters being, most truly discerned at distance. It is generally said, that here∣in he went above himselfe; that the Bishop of London appeared even with himselfe; and Dr. Reinolds fell much beneath himselfe. Others observed that Archbishop Whitgift spake most gravely; Bancroft (when out of passion) most politickly; Bilson, most learnedly. And of the Divines, Mr. Reynolds most largely; Knew∣stubs most affectionately; Chaderton most sparingly. In this Scene, onely Dr. Sparks was 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 making use of his hearing, not speech, converted (it seemes) to the truth of what was spoken, and soon after setting forth a Treatise of Unity and Uniformity.

But the Nonconformists complained,* 1.94 that the King sent for their Divines, not to have their Scruples satisfied, but his Pleasure propounded; not that he might know, what they could say, but they, what he would do in the matter. Besides, no wonder if Dr. Reynolds a little lost himself, whose eyes were partly dazled with the light of the Kings Majesty, partly daunted with the heat of his displeasure. Others complaine, that this Conference is partially set forth onely by Dr. Bar∣low, Dean of Chester, their professed Adversary, to the great disadvantage of their Divines. And when the Israelites go down to the Philistines, to whet all their Iron Tooles, no wonder if they set a sharp edge on their owne, and a blunt one on their Enemies weapons.

This Conference produced some alterations in the Lyturgie,* 1.95 Womens bapti∣sing of Infants, formerly frequent, hereafter forbidden; in the Rubrick of Ab∣solution, Remission of Sinnes inserted, Confirmation termed also an Examination of Children; and some words altered in the Dominicall Gospels, with a resolution for a new Translation of the Bible. But whereas it was hitherto disputable, whether the North, where he long lived, or the South, whither he lately came, should pre∣vaile most, on the Kings judgement, in Church-government; this doubt was now clearly decided. Hence forward many cripples in conformitie, were cured of their former halting therein, and such, who knew not their owne, till they knew the Kings minde in this matter, for the future, quietly digested the Ceremonies of the Church.

We have formerly made mention of the Millemanus Petition for Reformation,* 1.96 which about this time was solemnly presented to His Majesty, and which here we have truly exemplified;

The humble Petition of the Ministers of the Church of Eng∣land, desiring Reformation of certaine Ceremonies, and abuses of the Church.

To the most Christian, and excellent Prince, our Gracious and dread Soveraigne, James by the grace of God, &c. We the Ministers of the Church of England, that desire Reformation, wish a long, prosperous, and happy Raigne over us in this Life, and in the next everlasting Salvation.

MOst gracious and dread Soveraigne, Seeing it hath pleased the Di∣vine Majesty, to the great comfort of all good Christians, to ad∣vance Your Highnesse, according to Your just Title, to the peace∣able Government of this Church and Common-wealth of ENGLAND: We the Ministers of the Gospel in this Land, neither as factious men, affecting a popular Parity in the Church, nor as Schismatikes aiming at the dissolution of the State Ecclesiasticall; but as the faithfull servants of Christ, and Loyall Subjects to Your Majesty, desiring, and longing for the redresse of divers abu∣ses of the Church; could doe no lesse, in our obedience to God, service to Your Majesty, love to his Church, than acquaint Your Princely Majesty, with our particular griefs: For, as Your Princely Pen writeth, The King, as a good Physitian, must first know what peccant humours his Patient naturally is most subject unto, before he can begin his cure. And, although divers of us that sue for Reformation, have formerly, in respect of the times, subscribed to the Book, some upon Protestation, some upon Exposition given them, some with Condition, rather than the Church should have been deprived of their labour, and ministerie; Yet now, we, to the number of moe than a thousand, of Your Majesties Subjects and Ministers, all groaning, as under a common burden of Humane Rites and Ceremonies, doe, with one joynt consent, humble our selves at Your Majesties Feet, to be eased and relieved in this behalf. Our hum∣ble suit then unto Your Majesty is, that these offences following, some may be removed, some amended, some qualified.

I. In the Church-Service. That the Crosse in Baptisme, Interrogatories ministred to Infants, Confirmation, as superfluous, may be taken away. Baptisme not to be ministred by Women, and so explained. The Cap, and Surplice not urged. That Examination may goe before the Communion. That it be ministred with a Sermon. That divers termes of Priests, and Absolution, and some other used, with the Ring in Marriage, and other such like in the Book, may be corrected. The long-somenesse of Service abridged. Church∣songs, and Musick moderated to better edification. That the Lords day be not profaned. The Rest upon Holy-dayes not so strictly urged. That there may be an Uniformity of Doctrine prescribed. No Popish Opinion to be any more taught, or defended. No Ministers charged to teach their people to bow at the name of JESUS. That the Canonicall Scriptures onely be read in the Church.

II. Concerning Church-Ministers. That none hereafter be admitted into the Ministerie, but able and sufficient men, and those to Preach diligently, and especially upon the Lords day. That such as be already entred, and cannot Preach, may either be removed, and some charitable course taken with them for their reliese; or else to be forced, according to the value of their Livings, to maintain Preachers. That Non-Residencie be not permitted. That King Edward's Statute, for the lawfulnesse of Ministers Marriage be revived. That Ministers be not urged to subscribe, but, according to the Law, to the Articles of Religion, and the Kings Supremacie onely.

III. For Church-Livings, and Maintenance. That Bishops leave their Com∣mendams; some holding Prebends, some Parsonages, some Vicarages with their Bishopricks. That double beneficed men be not suffered to hold, some two, some three Benefices with Cure: and some, two, three, or foure Dignities besides. That Impropriations annexed to Bishopricks and Colledges, be de∣mised onely to the Preachers Incumbents, for the old rent. That the Impro∣priations of Lay-mens Fees may be charged with a sixt, or seventh part of the worth, to the maintenance of the Preaching Minister.

IV. For Church-Discipline. That the Discipline, and Excommunication may be administred according to Christs owne Institution: Or at the least, that enormities may be redressed. As namely, That Excommunication come

not forth under the name of Lay persons,* 2.1 Chancellors, Officials, &c. That men be not excommunicated for trifles, and twelve-peny matters. That none be excommunicated without consent of his Pastour. That the Officers be not suffered to extort unreasonable Fees. That none, having Jurisdiction, or Re∣gisters places, put out the same to Farme. That divers Popish Canons (as for restraint of Marriage at certaine times) be reversed. That the longsomnesse of Suits in Ecclesiasticall Courts (which hang sometime two, three, foure, five, six, or seven yeers) may be restrained. That the Oath Ex Officio, whereby men are forced to accuse themselves, be more sparingly used. That Licenses for Marriage, without Banes asked, be more cautiously granted.

These, with such other abuses, yet remaining, and practised in the Church of England, we are able to shew, not to be agreeable to the Scri∣ptures, if it shall please your Highnesse farther to heare us, or more at large by Writing to be informed, or by Conference among the Learned to be re∣solved. And yet we doubt not, but that, without any farther processe, your Majesty (of whose Christian judgement, we have received so good a taste al∣ready) is able of Your selfe, to judge of the equity of this cause. God, we trust, hath appointed your Highnesse our Physician to heale these diseases. And we say with Mordecai to Hester, who knoweth, whether you are come to the King∣dome for such a time? Thus Your Majesty shall doe that, which we are per∣swaded, shall be acceptable to God, honourable to your Majesty in all succee∣ding ages, profitable to his Church, which shall be thereby encreased, com∣fortable to your Ministers, which shall be no more suspended, silenced, dis∣graced, imprisoned for mens traditions: and prejudiciall to none, but to those that seek their owne quiet, credit, and profit in the world. Thus, with all dutifull submission, referring our selves to your Majesties pleasure, for your gracious answer, as God shall direct you: we most humbly recommend Your Highnesse to the Divine Majesty; whom we beseech for Christ his sake to dispose Your Royall heart to doe herein, what shall be to his glory, the good of his Church, and your endlesse comfort.

Your Majesties most humble Subjects, the Ministers of the Gospel, that desire not a disorderly innovation, but a due and godly Reformation.

25. This calme,* 2.2 and stil, but deep Petition, being (as is aforesaid) presented to the King, it was given out that his Majesty lent it a favourable eare; that some great ones about him gave it a consenting entertainment; that some potent strangers (I understand of the Scottish nation) had undertaken the conduct, and managing thereof. Whether indeed it was so, God knows, or, whether these things were made to make the people, the Van pretending a victory, that the Rere might follow the more comfortably. Sure it is, this Petition ran the Gantlop throughout all the Pre∣laticall party, every one giving it a lash, some with their Pens, moe with their Tongues: and the dumb Ministers (as they terme them) found their speech most vocall against it. The Universities (and justly) found themselves much agrieved, that the Petitioners should proportion a seaventh part onely out of an impropria∣tion in a Lay-mans fee; whilst those belonging to Colleges and Cathedralls, should be demised to the Vicars at the old rent, without fine, without improve∣ment. Whereas Scholars being children of the Prophets, counted themselves most proper for Church-revenues; and this motion, if effected, would cut off more than the nipples of the breasts of both Universities, in point of maintenance.

26. Cambridge therefore began,* 2.3 and passed a Grace in their Congrega∣tion, that whosoever in their University, should by Word or Writing, oppose the

received Doctrine, and Discipline of England, or any part thereof; should ••ipso facto, be suspended from their former, & excluded from all future degrees. Oxford followed, recompencing the slownesse of her pace, with the firmenesse of her foot∣ing, making a strong and sharp confutation of the Petition. But indeed King James made the most reall refutation thereof, not resenting it (whatsoever is pre∣tended) according to the desires and hopes (not to say the reports) of such who presented it. And after his Majesty had discountenanced it, some hot-spurs of the opposite party began to maintaine (many copies thereof being scattered into vul∣gar hands) that now the property thereof was altered from a Petition into a Libel. And such papers desamatory of the present Government, punishable by the Statute, Prime Elizabethae.

Under favour,* 2.4 I conceive this Petition, by us lately exemplified, the proper Millenary Petition. Otherwise I observe, that Millenary Petition is, vox aequivoca, and attributed to all Petitions, with numerous and indefinite subscrip∣tions, which were started this year concerning Church-Reformation. Many there were of this kinde, moving for more, or lesse alteration, as the promoters of them stood affected. For all mens desires will then be of the same size, when their bodies shall be of the same stature. Of these, one, most remarkable, requi∣red a subscription in manner as followeth,

We whose names are under written, doe agree to make our humble Petition to the Kings Majesty, that the present state of the Church, may be farther reformed in all things needfull, according to the rule of Gods holy Word, and agreeable to the example of other reformed Churches, which have restored both the Doctrine and Discipline, as it was delivered by our Saviour Christ, and his holy Apostles.

Two things are remarkable therein. First, that this was no present Petition, but a preparative thereunto, which in due time might have proved one, if meeting with proportionable encouragement. Secondly, that it went farther than the former, as not being for the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 but for the 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Not for the paring, pruning, and purging, but for the extirpating and abolishing of Bishops, and conforming Church-government to forraigne Presbytery. Whether the Subscribers to this Petition, were, for the maine, a recruit of new persons, or a resumption of those who under-writ the former, I dare not define. Probably many, sensible that be∣fore they were Petition-bound, inlarged themselves now in their additionall desires. For, such who aske no more than what they would have, commonly receive lesse than what they aske; seeing Petitions of this nature are seldome granted in full latitude, without some aba••ement. They allowed therefore some over-measure in their requests, that the surplusage being defalked, the remainder might, in some manner, give them satisfaction.

Sure I am,* 2.5 the Prelaticall party complained, that, to swell a number, the non∣conformists did not chuse, but scrape Subscribers; not to speak of the ubiquitari∣nesse of some hands, the same being alwayes present at all Petitions. Indeed to the first, onely Ministers were admitted, but to the latter brood of Petitions, no hand, which had five fingers, was refused. Insomuch, that Master George (since Lord) Goring, who then knew little, and cared lesse for Church-government (as unable to governe himselfe) being then (fifty years since) rather a Youth than a Man; a Boy, than a Youth; set his hand thereunto (in the right, I believe of his Mother, a good Lady, much addicted to that party) and King James would in merriment make sport with him, to know, what reasons moved him at that age, to this Subscription. But enough of these Petitioners. Perchance we shall heare more of them the next Parliament.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Ann. Dom. 1601
• * 1.2

  The Seculars fomented by the Bishop of Lond. against the Jesuits.
• * 1.3

  Oct. 17. Nov. 19.
• * 1.4

  Acts in the last Parliament of Q. Eliz.
• a 1.5

  Statute 43. of Q. Eliz. c, 2.
• b 1.6

  Ibid. cap. 4.
• c 1.7

  15 Jac. in Rivets Cale in Chancery.
• * 1.8

  Acts of this yeares Convo∣cation.
• * 1.9

  Francis Godw: made Bishop of Landaff
• d 1.10

  In vit•• Greg. Nazianzen.
• * 1.11

  Watson's Quodlibers against the Je∣suits.
• * 1.12

  The black character of Iesuis painted with the Pensil of a Secular Priest.
• e 1.13

  Second Quod∣liber, third Ar∣ticle. pag. 62.
• * 1.14

  A Quiet in the English Ch: and the cause thereof.
• f 1.15

  Sir Geo: Paul in the life of Arch-bishop Whitgiss. p. 54
• * 1.16

  Severall Rea∣sons assigned of Mr. Cart∣wright's Mo∣deration.
• * 1.17

  Ann. Reg. Bliz. 44.
• * 1.18

  Ann. Dom. 1602
• g 1.19

  Sir George Paul, ut prius.
• * 1.20

  The Character of Mr. Cartwr.
• h 1.21

  See the Pre∣face of M. Cart∣wright's Book
• * 1.22

  Bishop West∣phaling, Dean Nowel, Mr. Perkins, Gr: Sayer, and Will: 〈◊〉〈◊〉 depart this World.
• i 1.23

  Godwin de Prasulibus Anglia. p. 546.
• k 1.24

  Donald upon in his Life.
• l 1.25

  Gamblen's Elizabeth in Anno 2602.
• m 1.26

  Hugh Holland in his Icones Vircrum Illu∣strium.
• n 1.27

  In the Holy State, where see hi•• Life at large.
• o 1.28

  Puzeus de 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Anglick Ae∣tate Detima septima, p. 801.
• p 1.29

  ••••em ibidem.
• * 1.30

  Relief sent to the City of Geneva.
• q 1.31

  Judg. 14. 14.
• * 1.32

  The death of Q. Elizabeth.
• * 1.33

  Ann. Reg. 45.
• * 1.34

  Ann. Dom. 1602
• * 1.35

  King Ja. 1.
• * 1.36

  K James sends a Welcome message to the Episcopall Party.
• s 1.37

  Sir G: Pauls in the Arch∣bishops Life. Numb. 126.
• * 1.38

  Watson's ••lly Treason.
• d 1.39

  Stowes Chro∣nicle. p. 831.
• * 1.40

  His mo••tly Complice••.
• * 1.41

  Their wild meanes where∣by to attaine a mad end.
• * 1.42

  Ann. Dom. 1602
• * 1.43

  Ann. Reg. Jac. 1.
• * 1.44

  The two Priests executed.
• * 1.45

  Nov. 29.
• e 1.46

  1 Sam. 10. 1.
• f 1.47

  Ibid. ver. 24.
• g 1.48

  1 King. 12. 1
• * 1.49

  Mr Cartwright dedicates a Book to King James.
• * 1.50

  Mr. Cartwright his Death.
• * 1.51

  Dec. 27.
• * 1.52

  Camden in his Eliz.
• * 1.53

  See his Life lately set forth by M. Clark.
• * 1.54

  The Presbyte∣rian Petition to K. & Parl.
• * 1.55

  Ann. Dom. 1603
• w 1.56

  See M. Hil∣dersam's 〈◊〉〈◊〉 set forth by Mr. Clark.
• * 1.57

  1603
• a 1.58

  Though all these Deanes were summo∣ned by Letters, and present in the Presence. Chamber; yet onely five, (viz. of the Chappel, West∣minister, Pauls, Chester and Sa∣risbury) on the first day were called in.
• b 1.59

  Note his Majesty never remembred her, but with some honoura∣ble Addition.
• * 1.60

  Ann. Dom. 160 3/4
• * 1.61

  Ann. Reg. Jac. 1
• c 1.62

  He addressed himselfe to the King on his knee.
• d 1.63

  Citing Cypr. Ep. 73. and Jer. Adversus Luciferiam.
• * 1.64

  These be se∣verally cited.
• * 1.65

  d To this be ci∣ted the Testi∣mony of the Arch-bishop of Yorke.
• e 1.66

  Here he pro∣duced the Letters of some of those first compilers.
• g 1.67

  Mat. 28. 20.
• * 1.68

  Jan. 16
• h 1.69

  On Heb 6. 2.
• i 1.70

  On Act. 8. 27.
• k 1.71

  Here the Bi∣shop of London thought him∣self touched, because about 609 in his Diocess.
• * 1.72

  Ecclesiae Salus in sumi sacerdo∣tis dignitate pendet, cui si non exors quaedem & ab omnibus eminens data po∣testos, tor in Ecclesis efficien∣tur Schismata quot Sacerdotes.
• m 1.73

  It seemes the Bishop of London, jealous that he was reflected on, (as is afore∣said) called the Doctor Schis∣matick.
• * 1.74

  This he spake kneeling.
• * 1.75

  Egcrtor, L. Elsemcr.
• * 1.76

  This concer∣ned the fourth generall head, (viz. the Com∣munion Book) as he first pro∣pounded it; however, here he took occa∣sion to urge it.
• * 1.77

  Mat: 11. 14. Luke 1. 17.
• * 1.78

  Viz. in the Dominical Gospels.
• * 1.79

  Here we omit Mr. Knowstub his exception against the in∣terrogatories in Baptisme, be∣cause he spake so perplexedly, that his mea∣ning is not to be collected therein.
• * 1.80

  December 1601.
• * 1.81

  Ann. Dom 1603-04
• * 1.82

  Ann. Reg. Jac. 1
• * 1.83

  This the King spake smiling.
• * 1.84

  This be said putting his hand to his bat.
• * 1.85

  Jan. 18
• * 1.86

  I dare not guess him, for fear of failing.
• * 1.87

  Here we omit a discourse a∣bout Subscrip∣tion, because not methodiz'd into the Speech of severall per∣sons.
• * 1.88

  * This he spake on his knee.
• * 1.89

  This he spake kneeling.
• * 1.90

  Who being there present, averred the same.
• * 1.91

  This was R••ch: Vaughan, afterwards Bi∣shop of Lond.
• * 1.92

  Here he fell down on his knees.
• * 1.93

  The generall censure of the Conferencers.
• * 1.94

  The Non-con∣formists Com∣plaint.
• * 1.95

  The Product of this Confe∣rence.
• * 1.96

  The Copy of the Milenary Petition.
• * 2.1

  Ann. Reg. Jac. 2
• * 2.2

  The issue of this Petition.
• * 2.3

  Universities justly netled thereat.
• * 2.4

  Other Mille∣nary Petitions.
• * 2.5

  Unfaire dea∣ling in procu∣ring of hands.