The history of the Old and New Testament extracted out of sacred Scripture and writings of the fathers : to which are added the lives, travels and sufferings of the apostles : with a large and exact historical chronology of all the affairs and actions related in the Bible : the whole illustrated with two hundred thirty four sculptures, and three maps, delineated and engraved by good artists / translated from the Sieur De Royaumont, by several hands ; supervised and recommended by Dr. Horneck, and other orthodox divines.

The Terrestrial Paradise, and Neighbouring Countries. With a brief Discourse of the TRAVELS of the PATRIARCHS, From ADAM to JACOB.

THE Eternal GOD having out of Nothing created the Heavens, the Earth, the Seas, and all things therein contained; He formed Man according to his own Image, and so dig∣nified and honoured him, that he made him Lord over the Fish of the Sea, the Fowls of the Air, and the Beasts of the Earth, and every Creeping thing therein; and gave him for his habitation the Garden of Eden, call'd Paradise, which for its beauty, pleasant situation, and fer∣tility, surpassed all the Countries on the face of the Earth; and therefore rightly call'd, The Garden of Pleasure. It was situated in the Land of Shinar, a Province in Asia, upon the River Tigris, which in Scripture is called Pison: This River divides it self into four Branches, and each hath its particular Name.

Now the better to make out the true situa∣tion of this Garden, we must remember that Moses saith in Genesis, Chap. 2. vers. 8. That God had planted a Garden in Eden, Eastward; and in the 10th Verse, That a River went out of Eden to water the Garden, and thence divided it self into four Heads; that is, into four great Channels, or Capital Rivers.

It is a certain demonstration, that it was situate Eastward of Pison, being the only River that water'd it, and retain'd that Name; and tho' one part of the Garden extended West∣ward, yet Adam had his abode in the Eastern quarter, as appears by Chap. 3. ver. 24. where it is said, Adam being driven out, God placed Cherubims at the East of the Garden, to hinder him from entring in again. And (according to Chap. 2. ver. 16.) it is related, That Cain went forth from before the Lord, and inhabited in the Land of Nod, which lay to the East of Eden; and that which renders this the more credible is, that this River, for its breadth, depth, and rapid Stream, (excelling the Rhine, or the Danube) must needs have hindred our First Pa∣rents from going out of the Garden Eastwards, if they had their habitation in the Western part thereof, since they had neither Bridge nor Boat, to cross over the River; for the Scripture speaks not a word of either▪ nor makes the least mention of any way they had for Navi∣gation before the Ark of Noah. Hence it fol∣lows, that several Ancient Geographers have been very much mistaken, in placing the Garden of Eden to the West of Pison.

This River (as aforesaid) is divided into four Heads or Branches, viz. two to the North, or above the Garden; and two to the South, or below the Garden; and were call'd, Pison, Gi∣hon, Hiddekel, and Euphrates: And thus they are described in Genesis, Chap. 11. ver. 11, 13. and 14. The name of the first is Pison, and this compasseth the whole Land of Havilah, where there is Gold; the name of the second River, is Gihon, the same is that which encom∣passeth the whole Land of Ethiopia; the name of the third River is Hiddekel, which goeth towards the East of Assyria; and the name of the fourth, is Euphrates.

The Euphrates takes its sourse from the Mochian, or Caspian Mountains, situate in Armenia the Great; the Hiddekel begins its course from a certain Lake seated at the first rising of Mount Ararat: These two Streams fall down together, and joyn in Pison, at the Upper-end of the Garden, which having washt, they separate again at the Bottom thereof, where the more Eastern part retains the name, and the more Western is called Gihon; hence they run towards the Persian Sea, into which they empty themselves.

Our First Parents being placed in this Garden of Pleasure, had the free use of all things, except the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, Gen. 2.17. which was strictly for∣bidden them by God; telling them, That in the day they eat thereof, they should die the death: But the Devil envying the happy condition of Man, stirs up the Serpent to tempt Eve, to taste the Fruit of the said Tree; telling her, That they should not dye; but that their Eyes should be opened, and be as Gods. With these sly Enticements and Lies of the Serpent, Eve was prevailed with to eat thereof, and gave it to Adam to eat also, who was also infatuated to Transgress God's Com∣mand; and so fell by their Disobedience into Sin and Destruction, and were driven out of Paradise, and condemned to get their Living by the Sweat of their Brows; and for their Transgression the Earth was accurs'd, and

caused to abound with Thorns and Thistles.

After this, they had their Habitation on the East of Paradise, in the Land of Nod, which was also called Susiana, and at this day Susan; where they employed their time in cultivating the Earth; and had two Sons, the elder named Cain, who was a Tiller of the Earth, and the younger named Abel, who was a Keeper of Sheep, and was murthered by Cain, as being transported with hatred against him. Cain being severely reproved, and accurst by God for this bloody Crime, and being con∣vinc'd of the heinousness thereof, falls into great despair and perplexity of Mind; and fearing lest every one that met him should kill him, goes forth from the presence of God into the Land of Nod, and there builds a City for his security, and calls it Enoch, after the Name of his first Son: Upon the Ruins of this City it may be presumed, that the Town of Susan was afterwards built, as being situate near Eden, Westward of the Mountains of Ararat, and upon the River Euleus, called Ulac; where Cain was palpably stopt in his flight from the Presence of the Lord, as not being able to pass over this River.

Men increasing more and more in Wicked∣ness, were at last overtaken by Divine Ven∣geance, in the Year of the World 1656, by the Deluge, which drown'd all living Crea∣tures upon the face of the Earth, except Noah and his Family, and those Creatures which God caused to be taken into the Ark, for the replenishing the Second World. This Ark having floated up and down on the Wa∣ters, (above the highest tops of Mountains) for the space of about five Months, it pleased the LORD to let it rest at last upon the Mountains of Ararat; and after that the Waters were sunk, and retired into their pro∣per place, faithful Noah (and all that were with him in the Ark) went out, and betook themselves to the East of the River Hiddekel, from whence the Posterity of Noah disperst themselves East and West, denominating from their Names, the several Countries where they took up their habitations; and therefore we can do no less than adjoyn here their Ge∣nealogy▪ for the better adjusting the Names of the Countries set down in the Map with those of the several Families; and making out the more distinctly where each of the Descendents of this Patriarch planted themselves, with their Families, according to what we find in Scripture, and the Annotations upon it.

Noah had three Sons, Shem, Ham (or Cham) and Japhet. The Children of Shem had for their Portion, the more Southern part of Asia and America; the Posterity of Ham had the Land of Canaan, Arabia, Egypt, and all Africa; and the Children of Japhet had Europe, with the North parts of Asia and America.

The Sons of Shem were Elam, Assur, Ar∣phaxad, Lud, and Aram. Elam was the Fa∣ther of the Elamites, that is, of the Inhabi∣tants of the Lands of Susiana, Elymais, and Persia, Dan. 8.2. where the Prophet saith, that Susa, or Susari, seated on the River Ulai, is a City in the Lands of Elan; where (according to Strabo) the Persian Monarchs kept their Courts, as being the Imperial City of the Se∣cond Monarchy, and was reckon'd 15 Italian Miles in circuit.

From Assur the Assyrians were descended, whose chief City was Nineveh, once a City of great Fame, first built by Nimrod, and afterwards so enlarged by several succeeding Kings, that it became at last to exceed Baby∣lon, as well in largeness as otherwise, its Walls being in circuit 60 Miles, in height about 33 Yards, and in breadth about 24; for its defence were on the Walls 1500 Turrets, or Towers. To this City the LORD sent Jonah the Prophet to preach Repentance to them; but afterwards (for their Sins) it was destroy'd by Astyages King of the Medes, out of whose Ruins was built Mosul, the chief City of Assyria, seated on the Tygris, of Note for being the Residence of the Nestorian Patri∣arch, where are founded fifteen Christian Churches: It is enclosed with a Wall, and is the Residence of a Basha.

From Arphaxad descended the Babylonians and Chaldeans, called Casdim, who was the Father of Selah, and he of Heber, who gave name to the Hebrews; this Heber had two Sons, Peleg and Joktan; Peleg, because in his time the World was divided into Colonies; of Peleg was begat Rehu; of Rehu, Serug, of Serug, Nahor; of Nahor, Thare; and of Thare, Abram, Nachor and Haram, and Abram had Isaac, and Isaac, Jacob. From Nachor sprung Uz, Buz, Chemuel, Aram, Chesed, Hazo, Pildas and Bethuel, who was the Father of Laban and Rebecca; and from Haram sprang Lot. Joktan, Arphaxad's second Son, had a large Issue, viz. Almodad, Saleph, Hazerma∣veth, Jerah, Hadoram, Uzal, Diklah, Obal, Abi∣mael, Sheba, Ophir, Havilah and Jobab: These spread themselves from Mesha to Sephar; as

is mentioned Gen. 10.25. Divers of the Learn∣ed understand by Meshah the Hill Masium, which is a part of the Mountains of Armani; and by Sephar the City Sipphara, seated in Meso∣potamia, on the River Euphrates: But there is more ground to believe, that their habitations were from the River Tygris towards the East, to the farthest parts of the East-Indies; yet nevertheless, Elam's Posterity inhabited also between the Borders of these large Lands: For the Land of Havilah borders towards the West, on the Spring-head of the River Pison, which is an Arm of the Tygris; and Ophir, the Brother of Havilah, is reckon'd to be the Father of the Inhabitants of Pegu, Sian, and Aurea Chersonesus, or the Golden Peninsula, where stands the City of Malacca, a place of great Resort and Trade, occasioned by its commodious situation on the River Gaza, and is a very large City.

From the Land of Ophir, Solomon's Ships brought Gold, Precious Stones, and other rich Commodities, performing their Voyage in Three years, 1 Kings 9.26. and 10.12, 22. For this Reason Benedictus Arius Montanus understands by Sephar, and the Mountains to∣wards the East, the Land and Mountains of Peru; and saith, That the Gold that covered Solomon's Temple was therefore called, Gold of Peraim. Also the name of the Land of Jucatan, which lies between Mexico and the Island of Haitai, otherwise called Spaniola, sounds very like Joktan, who was Ophir's Father.

From Lud, another of Shem's Sons, descended the Lydians, and other Countries in Asia▪ Minor.

From Aram sprang the Syrians, as also those of Mesopotamia and Armenia. These great Kingdoms, and their particular Provinces, are in Scripture called the Land of Aram; altho' they are distinguished by several Names, as Aram Damasci, Aram Zobe, Aram Naharam, that is, Aram between the two Rivers Euphra∣tes and Tygris, which Lands the Greeks call Mesopotamia, 2 Sam. 8.3, 5, & 10. The Chil∣dren of Aram are Uz, who is thought to have built the City of Damascus; he was the An∣cestor of the Coelo-Syrians, or Inhabitants of Trachonitis, or some other People bordering upon Idumea; and of this Country was Job, Job 1••. From Hull are descended the Inha∣bitants of Palmyrene, or Armenia: From Ge∣ther descended the Bactrians, or those of Apa∣mea; and from Mash descended the People of P••eriah, Comagena, and Cyrestica; others allot to him Mysia.

Noah's second Son, Ham, had Issue Cush, Mizraim, Put, and Canaan.

Cush, from whom Arabia the Stony, and the Desart, was originally denominated. These Countries were afterwards overcome by the Posterities of Abraham, the Edomites, and the Israelites, and by them possessed. The eldest Son of Cush was Nimrod the great Hunter, and the first Tyrant in the World; he began his Reign in Babylon, built Nineveh, Gen. Chap. 10. he was the Father of Sheba, Havila, Sub••a, Rama, and Subtecha. From Sheba are descended the Dwellers of Arabia the Stony and Desart; as also the Sa••aeans from Havilah; not him of the same name before mentioned amongst the Children of Joktan, of the Race of Sh••m, Gen. 10.25. for he is thought to have possest the Golden Chersoneses towards the Ganges; whereas this had for his Lot Guinea in Afri∣ca, both the one and the other Havilah, abounding in Gold. From Sabtah were de∣scended the Inhabitants of Arabia the Happy, where there was sometime a City called Sab∣botha. From Rama were descended the People that inhabit that part of Arabia the Happy, that borders on the Persian Sea, where Ptolomy places the City of Rhegama: The Sons of Rama were Sheba, the Father of the Ethio∣pians and the Abyssms; and Dedan, who was the Original of the Troglodytes, as may be gathered by the Merchandize mentioned in Ezekiel 27.15. and 38.13. And from Sheba came the Queen of Saba, or Sheba, to King Solomon, 1 King. 10.1. and here Reigned the Mighty Queen Candaces, Acts 8.27. And from Subtecha descended those of Arabia the Happy.

Mizraim, from whom are descended (beside the Egyptians, who in Scripture bear that Name) those of Ludim, or the Lydians of Mauritania; Hananim, the Inhabitants of Marmarica and Cyreneans; Lehabim, the People of Lybia; Napthuhim, those of Nu∣midia; Pathrusim, those of Pathros, and the adjacent parts in Egypt; Cas••ubin, the Inha∣bitants of Cassiotes, lying in the Entrance of Egypt coming from India; and the Caphto∣rims, (that is, the Inhabitants of Si••ur and o∣ther adjacent Countries): From these People are descended the Philistins and Caphtorius, Gen. 10.14. and 32.3. Deut. 2.22.

Put, who possest that part of Lydia, where there is a River that bears that Name; and also Numidia, and other Countries towards the South of Mauritania, and Africa the Less,

are now called Barbary, Numidia, and Bile∣dulgerid; and those Lands further Southwards are called Azamaga, Gualata, Guinea, or the Land of the Negroes.

Canaan, from whom descended the Cana∣anites; the Sidonites, so called from Sidon the eldest Son of Canaan; the Hittites, Jebusites, Amorites, Girgasites, Hivites, Arkites, Sinites, Aradites, Zemarites, and the Hamathites; and their Countries extended from Sidon unto Gaza, &c. Gen. 10.19. but almost all this Land of Canaan was (for the many grievous Sins of its Inhabitants) by God's Command, gi∣ven for an Inheritance to the Seed of Abraham.

Noah's third Son was Japhet, who had Issue Gomer, Magog, Madai, Javan, Tubal, Mesec, and Tiras.

Gomer, whose Off-spring inhabited to the North of Asia Minor, were Askenas, the Fa∣ther of the Inhabitants of Pontus and Bithy∣nia; they were called Ascanians, and held by the Scribes to be the Father of the Ger∣mans and French. Riphat, the Original of the Findlanders, Laplanders, and the Inhabi∣tants of Condora, Obdora, and Jougoria; where are the Hills of Riphai, called by the Inhabitants the Girdle of the World; and Togarma, from whom are derived (according to some) the Capadocians, according to others the Armenians, and according to others those of Sweden, Norway, and Denmark.

Magog, the Father of the Scythians and Tartars.

Madai, the Father of the Medes, 2 Kings 17.6. Joshua 13.17. Jer. 25.25. Dan. 5.28. and 6.1. and 8.20.

Javan, the Father of the Greeks, most especially from him first called Ionians; his Sons were Elisa; from whom sprang the Aeolians, and the Inhabitants of the Pelopo∣nesus, now called the Morea, Ezek. 37.7. Tarsis, from whom descended the Spaniards, others say the Cilicians, whose Capital City was Tarsus, the Birth-place of Saint Paul. Kittim, who (according to Scripture) are those of Cyprus, Macedonia, and Italy. Dodanim, from whom came the Dorians, comprehending those of Caria, Rhodes, and Sicily, or (as o∣thers will have it) the Ancient Gauls, inha∣biting along the River Rhine.

Tubal, from whom descended the Iberians, Albanians, and (some say) the Spaniards.

Mesec, the Father of the Mysians, or the Muscovites, Poles, and other People, that use the Sclavonian Language.

Tiras, from whom came the Thracians, and the Turks.

The Blessing which Noah gave to Japhet came upon him, when he said, God spread forth Japhet, and let him dwell in the Tents of Shem, and let Canaan be his Servant. Which Blessing is accomplished, God giving him the Third and Fourth Monarchy of the World.

The first Descendents of Noah, and his Three Sons, having but one Language spo∣ken amongst them, undertook to build a Tower, whose Top should reach to Heaven; which the LORD being offended with, sent a Confusion of Languages amongst them, so that they were constrained (as not under∣standing one another) to quit their design; insomuch that the Name of that place was called Babel, because the LORD did here confound their Language, and from hence disperst them into all Parts of the Earth, Gen. 11.9.

Not far from this Babel is the City of Ur, the Dwelling place of Terah, or Tare, who was the Father of Abram, and Grandfather of Lot; who all departed together from this City, and came to Haran, where Terah died, Gen. 11.31. And soon after that Abram (according to the Commandment of God) departed with his Nephew Lot, and came into the Land of Canaan, Sojourning about Sichem, near the Plain or Forest of Moreh▪ Not long after he removed from thence, and pitched his Tents between Bethel and Hai, where he built an Altar, and called on the Name of the LORD, Gen. 12.8. From thence he drew Southwards, and they took up their Dwelling between Be∣thel and Hai; but that Country being not large enough for him, and his Nephew, by reason of the abundance of their Cattle, they separated; Lot chusing the Vale of Siddim, along the River Jordan, pitching his Tents as far as Sodom, Gen. 13.12. and Abram went and dwelt near Hebron, in the Plains of Mamre, Gen. 13.18. Here it was that Ishmael was Born to him of his Handmaid; Isaac is promised, and his Name changed from Abram to Abraham, Gen. 16, 17. Thence Abraham drawing Southward, he planted himself between Kedish and Shur, and So∣journed as a Stranger in Gerar, Gen. 20.1.

At Gerar, Abraham received a Command from God, to sacrifice his Son Isaac upon one of the Mountains of Moriah; but God ha∣ving

hereby made sufficient proof of his Faith and Obedience, hindred the execution thereof, and promised him his Benediction, and provides a Ram for a Burnt-Offering in∣stead of Isaac. From thence Abraham goes and inhabits at Beersheba, Gen. 22.19 thence to Kirjarth-Arba, which is Hebron; where his Wife Sarah Died, and was buried in the Cave of Machpelah, over against Mamre, Gen. 23.19. After this, Abraham taking an Oath of Fidelity of his Servant, sent him to Nahor in Mesopotamia, to seek from amongst those of his Kindred a Wife for his own Son Isaac, who obtained Rebecca (the Daughter of Bethuel) and brings her into Canaan; where Isaac met her near the Well Laharoi, which is about a League distant from his Abode, G••n. 24.

Abraham at 175 years of Age dies, and is buried (by his Sons Isaac and Ishmael) in the Cave of Machpelah, near Sarah his Wife. Isaac till then having made his Abode in the Valley of Gerar, returned to Beersheba; but the Children of Ishmael (being Twelve Prin∣ces) possest the Land of the Desert of Shur, and extended as far as Havilah, Gen. 25.18. This large extent of Ground was extream barren, and therefore called Arabia Deserta, and was first possest by the Children of Cush, who were drove out by the Posterity of Ishmael.

Isaac had two Sons and Twins, Esau and Jacob; and Jacob (who was the youngest) by his Subtilty and Artifice deprived Esau of his Birth-right for a Mess of Potage, and also of his Father's Benediction; whereupon Esau sought to kill him; but by the Counsel of his Parents he retired to Padan-Aram, unto Laban his Mothers Brother; and Tra∣velling by Night, took up his Lodging in the Fields near Luz, gathering up Stones for his Pillow, and lay down to sleep thereon; and then he Dreamed, or had a Vision of a Ladder, whose Top reached up to Heaven, and the Angels of the LORD ascending and descending: Here he received the Pro∣mise of God, and for a Memorial he reared up the Stone, of which he had made his Pil∣low, and poured Oil on it, and called the Name of the place Bethel, Gen. 27. From thence in the Morning he Travelled towards the People of the East, where he met Rachel, the Daughter of his Uncle Laban, near Haran, and declares to her his Affinity; who straitway runs to her Father, and informs him thereof; who came out to meet him, and kindly receives him, Gen. 29.13. Jacob served Laban 20 years, as well for his two Daughters which he had Married, as for the Sallary agreed on be∣tween them; which (by the Blessing of God) being wonderfully improved, procured him the Envy not only of Laban's Sons, but of himself also; upon which he resolved to get privately away, and retire into Canaan with his Flocks and his Family; and having past the Euphrates in that tract of Way as is set down in the Map, Numb. 18. and kept on his Journey as far as Mount Gilead, he was overtaken on the seventh Day by Laban, who pursued him: But Laban being admo∣nish'd from Heaven, not to hurt Jacob, he dealt kindly with him, and a firm League and Covenant was made between them; and here they rais'd an Heap of Stones in Memorial of the Covenant, and called the name thereof Gilead, and Mizpah, Gen. 31. and from thence Laban returned home in peace.

Jacob having in an Amicable manner taken leave of his Father-in-Law, and going for∣ward of his Journey, meets two Hosts of Angels appointed for his Safeguard, and named the place Mahanaim, and afterwards there builds a Town of the same Name. From hence Jacob, and all his Family, pass over the Ford of the Brook Jabbock, Gen. 32.22. And here it was that Jacob wrestled with God, was again Blessed of him, and obtained the Name of Israel, wherefore he called the name of the place Peniel, Gen. 22.

Here he met his Brother Esau, who came against him with 400 Men, nevertheless they Embraced each other, and parted Friendly, Esau to his Dwellings in the Mountain Seir, and Jacob passing the River Jordan went from Succoth, and took his Habitation near Sichem in Canaan; and after the Murther of the Sichemites, upon the account of his Daughter Dinah, Gen. 34. he came to Bethel, and there built an Altar unto the LORD. From hence he advanced towards Ephrath, which is Bethlehem, and within a little way of the Place, Rachel died with the hard La∣bour of her Son Benjamin, and was there Buried, Gen. 35.19. and 48.7. Israel parting thence, he pitcheth his Tents towards the Tower of Heder; from thence he goes to Visit his Father Isaac in Mamre, at the City of Arkak, Gen. 35.

Isaac being 180 years old, Dies, and his two Sons (Esau and Jacob) Bury him by his

Father Abraham, in the Cave or Sepulchre of Machpelah.

Israel being compelled by Famine, which sore raged in the Land, and being invited by his Son Joseph, goes into Egypt, that is, the Land of Ham; where Joseph receives him with Joy and Duty, and entertains him with great Kindness and Liberality, giving him and his Family, which were 70 Persons, (with the consent of Pharaoh) the Land of Goshen for an Habitation. And Israel being very Old, died here, and was carried by his Son Joseph, and the rest of his Brethren, together with a great Train of Egyptians, very Magnificently into the Land of Canaan, and Buried in the Sepulchre of his Father and Grandfather at Machpelah, as aforesaid, Gen. 50.13.

And this is the Sum of what is requisite to be said, for the understanding and use of this Map.

☞ In my large Volumes of the History of the Bible, there are four Maps, as also the Map of Jerusalem; Viz. in the Old Testa∣ment, that of Paradise; and that of the 40 years Travels of the Israelites; And in the New Testament, the Map of Canaan; and that of the Travels and Voyages of the Apostles. Of these Maps, that of the 40 years Travels of the Israelites, comprehends all that of Canaan; and that of the Travels of the Apostles, all that of Paradise, which takes up the Eastern part from the Island of Cyprus. And considering that these four large Maps, with that of Jerusalem, to be folded up, can't well be bound in this small Volume: Therefore 'tis thought better to omit that of Paradise, and that of Canaan, than to engrave them all in small, suitable to this Volume; wherefore I shall insert in the Old Testament, that of Jerusalem, with that of the Israelites 40 years Travels, which being but thin of Words, will admit of a smaller Scale: And in the New Testament, that of the Travels of the Apostles, which is to be placed before their Lives.