The perfect politician, or, A full view of the life and action (military and civil) of O. Cromwel whereunto is added his character, and a compleat catalogue of all the honours conferr'd by him on several persons.

HIS ACTIONS In the PROTECTORSHIP.

THE English Nation having by a Civil War banished Monarchy with an Exit Tyrannus, presently institute an Oligarchy, which (to give them their due) acted in their Infancy like Hercules in the Cradle, stifling all those Serpents that offered to hiss against their Authority; and with such vigor prosecu∣ted they their designes, that both Ireland and Scotland were inforc't to yeild obedi∣ence to their commands.

The Authority of this Power being thus miraculously extended, it grew at length

dreadful to the neighbouring Nations, e∣specially the Dutch, a people who of all o∣thers, were most sensible of the growing greatness of the English Commonwealth: they knowing full well, that two neigh∣bouring States of equal greatness could never long agree, being still jealous of each others actions: which jealousie causing mis∣construction, would at last break forth into open hostility.

Examples are frequent in this kinde; Rome and Carthage so long contended, till the one was ended. They first fell out a∣bout the Island of Sicily, and so by degrees this fewd extended it self through all those Nations where either side had any domi∣nion. But at last a peace being patched up, it continued until the second Punick War, wherein Carthage was made a Puny indeed, and brought under subjection to Rome.

Another Example we have in that most noble Republick Venice, whose first Foun∣ders being hunted by the barbarous Huns, out of Italy, were fain to shelter themselves by flying unto some little barren Islands, which lay in the Adriatick Gulph; where necessity putting an edge upon industry, cau∣sed

these people to begin an admirable Structure, which since hath been increased to such a magnitude and splendor, that it may well be termed, The Worlds Wonder, for the excellent Architecture, multitude of Bridges, rare Arsenal or Magazine: but a∣bove all, the Policie of this State far surpas∣seth all others in Government, and may well be a pattern for direction and imita∣tion to any people in the world.

Venice thus gradually ascending to emi∣nency, grew so great as to challenge the superiority over all the watry Element a∣bout it; as well it might, being situate therein, and therefore Neptunes Minion. This City being on one side of Italy, on the other side lay Genoa, situate neer the feet of the Apennine Hills; a Commonwealth too, and therefore aspiring high, grew e∣mulous of the Venetians greatness, which made those two Republikes grow at enmi∣ty. The first occasion of their falling out, was about a Church allowed them both, for exercise of Divine Service, in Ptolemais, commonly called Acoe in Syria: this Church being too little to hold both peo∣ple of such great spirits, there grew a hot Dispute whose it should be; which came

to this issue, That it must be theirs that could get possession; which prov'd to be the Genoeses, who to maintain their Mass, armed the Church with Fortifications (not for example to after-Ages) and so kept it wholly to their own Use: Thus began the Quarrel, which continued for many years, chiefly by Sea, till at last the Genoeses re∣ceived such dangerous shot betwixt winde and water, that they were fain to cry Quarter, and ever since vail to Venice, ac∣knowledging it their superiour.

Even so was it between these two migh∣ty Republikes, England and the United Provinces. The Dutch fearing that cur∣rent of Traffick would be stopped which they had so long enjoyed, by reason of Englands. Domestick and Forreign Wars, themselves, mean while, having Peace with all Nations (except Portugal) where∣by they increasing their Trade by an un-in∣terrupted fishing in the British Seas, and still greedy in their unsatiable appetite of ingrossing all to themselves, without either Right or Reason; grew at last highly con∣ceited of their own abilities, both as to Poli∣cy and Power. Their Policy was seen in gi∣ving assistance to the Enemies of the Eng∣lish

Parliament, whilst in the mean time, their Embassadors tickled the Council of State and Parliament into a belief of their Masters real affections and hearty wishes for their prosperity. But these unworthy actions being privately suspected, it was not long before they were publikely detected: This put the Dutch to their Trumps, and made them arm out a considerable Navy, to execute a designe upon the Isle of Scilly, which then was in possession of the Scotch Kings Forces. But the Council of State in England having timely notice of this project, dispatched away Blake (their noble General by sea) with a Fleet of Men of War, who being joyned with Sir George Ascue, immediately prevented the Dutch, by reducing that Island under obedience.

The Parliament of England having se∣riously considered the unhandsome acti∣ons of these their neer Neighbours, how refractory they were upon all Treaties of Amity, which was seen by their refusing those Propositions which were sent to them; and how those honourable Persons that carried them to Holland, were dayly so ill treated at the Hague by some insolent

persons, that the Parliament, lest their Em∣bassadors should again be Dorislaus'd, call∣ed them home Reinfecta: Presently upon this, they were forc'd to take up a resolu∣tion to maintain the Right of their Juris∣diction on the British Seas, and therefore sent abroad an Act for incouraging Navi∣gation, and increase of shipping. This ve∣ry much heightned the spirits of the Eng∣lish Sea-men, and gave them hopes of being one day even with the Dutch, for eating the bread out of their mouthes, as they had long before done, by bringing all Commodities into England, at cheaper rates then they could be sent for, by reason they were in Amity with most Nations, and could send out ships with no more men then what served to sail them; whilst in the mean time, the English (having Wars with most of their Neighbours) were inforc't to be at great charges in double manning out their Merchant Men, for security of the ships lading. But to proceed.

This noble Act being arrived at Holland, very strangely changed the constitution of that People, from a Flegmatick to a per∣fect Sanguine Complection: for now they saw it was time to look about them,

being like to be deprived of that sweet pro∣fit which before they did enjoy: This ani∣mated them on to try conclusions, in deny∣ing the English their undoubted Right of Dominion in the British seas. At first, it was put in practise by some particular men of War, to see if the English would relin∣quish that old complement of striking the Top-sail: but in this they met with sharp rebukes, far surpassing imagination, so that many times present Ruine did befal them, that in wilful refusal durst deny this ancient Custom.

Thus by degrees one Quarrel begetting another, the fire no longer smothered, but broak forth into a dreadful combu∣stion; all preceding ages since the Crea∣tion, never having produced such terrible Sea-fights, which ever light heavy on the Dutch shoulders, and made them know, That although Holland was the elder State, yet was it impossible for them to make England a younger Brother.

But in the midst of all these high under∣takings, the Lord General perceiving the Parliaments intentions were to perpetuate their sitting, as appeared by their delatory

proceeding in the Bill for successive Repre∣sentatives; therefore knowing, that as standing water would breed corruption, and grow offensive, if it were not some∣times changed: so Parliaments perpetual were offensive to the Peoples Priviledges; but when pro tempore, pleasant to their sight. He having well weighed the mat∣ter, and deliberately debated the business with his Council of Officers, it was at last agreed by them to serve the Parliament with a Writ of Ease, and make them un∣derstand the meaning of Exit—This resolution being taken up, the Lord Gene∣ral Cromwel went into the House, attended by some of the prime Officers of the Ar∣my, where he delivered certain Reasons for a present Dissolution of the Parliament: which were no sooner heard, but all the Members in obedience avoyded the place, and every one betook himself to his parti∣cular habitation.

Thus this mighty Parliament was dis∣solved, who first of all were called through the importunity of the people, and after∣wards upheld by the zealous devotion of the City of London, whose inhabitants, through their abundant affections, made

them a free-will offering of all their Ear∣rings, Bodkins, Thimbles, and Jewels, to carry on the weighty great work of rout∣ing Popery, beating down of Antichrist, suppressing Superstition; and out of all, to raise up a Glorious Structure of Reforma∣tion.

To answer expectations, this Senate be∣gan the work with the Kings evil Council, and having lopped them off, drove on to such great Actions, that the faith of after-Ages will be much puzzled to believe, and rather look upon them as Romances then Realities. But now their time being come, after twelve years sitting, they were anni∣hilated, and the power transferred into the hands of others.

Presently upon this, the Lord General Cromwel and his Council of Officers pub∣lished a Declaration, shewing the Reasons of the Parliaments Dissolution; the sub∣stance whereof, was this:

THat after God was pleased marvel∣lously to appear for his People, in reducing Ireland and Scotland to so great a degree of Peace, and England

to perfect quiet; whereby the Parliament had opportunity to give the People the har∣vest of all their Labour, Blood and Trea∣sure; and to settle a due Liberty in re∣ference to Civil and Spiritual things: whereunto they were obliged by their duty, engagements, and those great and won∣derful things God hath wrought for them. But they made so little progress therein, that it was matter of much grief to the good people of the Land; who there upon applyed themselves to the Army, expecting redress by their means, who (though un∣willing to meddle with the Civil Authori∣ty) agreed that such Officers as were Members of Parliament should move them to proceed vigorously, in reforming what was amiss in the Commonwealth, and in setling it upon a foundation of Justice and Righteousness: which being done, it was hoped the Parliament would have answered their expectations.

But finding the contrary, they renewed their desires by an humble Petition in August, 1652. which produced no consi∣derable

effect, nor was any such progress made therein, as might imply their real in¦tentions to accomplish what was petitioned for; but rather an aversness to the things themselves, with much bitterness and op∣position to the People of God and his Spirit acting in them: insomuch that the Godly Party in Parliament were rendered of no further use, then to countenance the ends of a corrupt Party, for effecting their de∣sires of perpetuating themselves in the Su∣preme Government.

For obviating these evils, the Officers of the Army obtained several meetings with some of the Parliament, to consider what Remedy might be applyed to prevent the same; but such endeavours proving ineffectual, it became evident, that this Parliament, through the corruption of some, the jealousie of others, the non-at∣tendance of many, would never answer those ends which God, his People, and the whole Nation expected from them; But that this Cause which God had so greatly blessed, must needs languish under their

hands, and by degrees be lost; and the Lives, Liberties and Comforts of his peo∣ple be delivered into their enemies hands.

All which being sadly and seriously considered by the honest people of the Na∣tion, as well as by the Army, it seemed a Duty incumbent upon us, who had seen so much of the power and presence of God, to consider of some effectual means where∣by to establish Righteousness and Peace in these Nations.

And after much debate, it was judged necessary, that the Supreme Government should be by the Parliament devolved up∣on known persons, fearing God, and of approved integrity for a time, as the most hopeful way to countenance all Gods people, reform the Law, and administer Justice impartially: hoping thereby the people might forget Monarchy, and understand their true interest in the Election of suc∣cessive Parliaments; that so the Govern∣ment might be settled upon a right Basis, without hazard to this glorious Cause, or necessitating to keep up Armies for the de∣fence of the same.

And being still resolved to use all means possibly to avoid extraordinary courses we prevailed with about twenty Members of Parliament, to give us a conference, with whom we plainly debated the necessity and justness of our Proposals: The which found no acceptance, but instead thereof it was offered, That the way was, to continue still this Parliament, as being that from which we might probably expect all good things. This being vehemently insisted on, did much confirm us in our apprehen∣sions, That not any love to a Representa∣tive, but the making use thereof to recruit, and so to perpetuate themselves, was their aim, in the Act they had then under consi∣deration.

For preventing the consummating whereof, and all the sad and evil conse∣quences, which upon the grounds afore∣said must have ensued, and whereby at one blow the interest of all honest men, and of this glorious Cause had been endanger∣ed to be laid in the dust, and these Nations embroyled in new troubles, at a time when

our Enemies abroad are watching all ad∣vantages against, and some of them actu∣ally engaged in War with us; we have been necessitated (though with much relu∣ctancy) to put an end to this Parliament.

This Declaration being sent abroad in∣to all the Dominions of the Common-wealth, was readily assented to by most of the chief Officers, both by Land and Sea. But for farther satisfaction to the Civil Power in the Nation, whereby a right un∣derstanding might be had, and that every one might still (notwithstanding this sud∣den change) observe his Duty, the former Declaration was seconded by this ensuing.

WHereas the Parliament being dissol∣ved, persons of approved fidelity and honesty, are (according to the late Decla∣ration of the 22 of April last) to be cal∣led from the several parts of this Com∣monwealth to the supreme Authority; and although effectual proceedings are and have been had, for perfecting those reso∣lutions, yet some convenient time being

required for the assembling of those per∣sons, it hath been found necessary for pre∣venting the Mischiefs and Inconvenien∣cies which may arise in the mean while to the publike Affairs, that a Council of State be constituted, to take care of, and intend the peace, safety and present management of the Affairs of this Commonwealth: which being setled accordingly, the same is hereby declared and published, to the end all persons may take notice there∣of, and in their several places and stati∣ons, demean themselves peaceably, giving obedience to the Laws of the Nation as heretofore: in the exercise and admini∣stration whereof, as indeavours shall be used that no oppression or wrong be done to the people, so a strict accompt will be re∣quired, of all such as shall do any thing to indanger the publick peace and quiet, upon any pretence whatsoever.

O. CROMWEL.

April 30, 1653.

These wonderful Revolutions mightily heightned the Resolutions of the Dutch, who were wholly possest with Chimaera's of their own inventions, imagining their work would be very easie, if the English should happen to fall together by the ears, amongst themselves. But GOD by his Providence had so ordered it, that the Na∣tion continued in a peaceable posture, not any offering in the least to resist the Com∣mands of their Superious.

The like was seen amongst the Naval Forces at Sea, whose vivacity was now as great as ever, both Officers, Sea-men, and Souldiers, minding nothing more then how to gain honour to their Country, by repres∣sing the insolencies of their Enemies, whose indeavours at this time were to rob England of her Right.

But now the Lord General having taken upon himself to weild both the Sword and the Scepter, the first remarkable passage that befel him, was at Sea, between the two mighty Antagonists. The Dutch ha∣ving ready in their Harbours a very great Fleet of Merchant men, outward bound, for France, Spain, and other Ports, all things being fitted and prepared for the Sea, those

High and Mighty States added ninety men of War to secure them from those dange∣rous Fellows, the English. This Fleet be∣ing all ready, they hoist up sail, bidding a∣main for the North of Scotland; it seems rather chusing to make a long and sure Voyage that way, then a short and dan∣gerous one through St. George his cha∣nel, which had many times proved fatal to their Fleets, notwith standing the protecti∣on of their best Commanders. Trump ha∣ving according to his Commission, con∣ducted his charge so far, that they feared no other enemy then the winds and waves, immediately tacked about for the Sound, from whence he brought away a great Fleet of East-Land Merchant-men, from Russia, Denmark, Dantzicks and other Parts; to which was joyned a Fleet from France, laden with Wine, Salt, and other Commodities of that Country: having in safety brought all these home, he enter∣ed the Ports of Holland and Zealand with so much Bravery, and so great a Flourish, that those persons that knew not the mat∣ter, might have thought him dragging the English Generals at the Stern of his Ship, in Triumph.

This good Fortune being seconded with a report of the English Fleet being gone Northward under the Command of Gene∣ral Monk and Dean, so highly animated Minhere Martin Harper, that with all his Men of War he presently set sail for the Downs, to act that in the absence of the English Fleet, which he durst not do in their presence.

Being come into the Downs, May 25. the Dutch Fleet, consisting of 108 Ships, ranged themselves before Dover, where they expressed a great deal of small valour, in beating down with great shot the chim∣nies of that Town; and with so much re∣solution and spirit did they perform this worthy exploit, that not any of their ships offered to run away, all the while. This Action of Trump's was looked upon by all, to savour more of Arrogance then Valour: for a gallant souldier will scorn to meddle with him that is incapable of defence, but rather measure weapons with his Enemy before the fight; neither should a General content himself with making a few Tiles fly from the tops of Houses, in a poor Town; which can be but small credit to himself, and not much damage to his Ene∣mie.

But we shall see that Van Trump will meet with such a match as will give him opportunity enough to exercise his cou∣rage to the utmost: for the two Generals Monk and Dean, upon the sudden return∣ed from the North into Yarmouth-Road, where they joyned with that Fortress of his Country, General Blake, having 18 ships more: These on the 3 of June 1653. lying at Anchor three leagues off the south∣head of the Gober, early in the morning described two Dutch Galliots, which pre∣sently were chased by some of the Eng∣lish Frigats so far, that they came within ken of the whole Dutch Fleet. Upon this discovery, the Frigots made the usual signes, which were presently apprehended by the whole Fleet, who immediately weighing their Anchors, the English made up with all the sail they could: but the winde being weak, 'twas 12 at noon before these mighty Armadoes could ingage.

The first dayes work proved hot on both sides, for three hours; in which Dispute the English lost General Dean, who un∣fortunately fell by a great shot. To ba∣lance this, the Dutch had three ships sunk, and one blown up.

The next day, both Fleets indeavoured to try another bout, but there being little winde nor wine stirring, but Brandy, which was very brisk in the Dutch Fleet, it was late that day before the English could get up to give them Gun-powder to it. This second dayes fight was managed with a∣bundance of valour, both Fleets charg∣ing lustily upon one another. Van Trump to shew his skill in Sea-fights, at first brought up his Navy in very good Order, having the advantage of that little winde then stirring (for the Sea looked with a smooth face upon these mighty Enemies) But the English Generals, Blake and Monk, who were not behinde-hand in making use of any opportunity, finding the winde upon the sudden to veer about westerly, drove in amongst the thickest of their Enemies, with so much fury, that the Dutch fearing to feed those that had so ma∣ny times been food to them, tacked about, and with all the sail that possibly could be made, steered their course for their own Coasts. The English seeing their Ene∣mies thus fly before them, thought it not safe to pursue, being neer the Flats, and having great ships that drew much water.

Wherefore some small Frigats being sent to discover the Enemies course, the rest cast Anchor in good Order, to cast up ac∣compts, and see what was got or lost by this Adventure; which proved in full, to be thus:

Of the Dutch slain, no certain ccount.

Dutch Prisoners in possession	1350
Captains captiv'd	6
Men of War taken	11
Sunk	6

Of the English.

Slain	120
Captains	1
Wounded	236
Ships lost or dis-abled	0

This inconsiderable loss on the English side being well recompensed with so consi∣derable a Damage to the Dutch, caused the two English Generals (being no wayes dis-inabled by the fight) to keep the Sea, and resolve to follow the present advan∣tage to the full; therefore having new trim∣med their torn sails, and shatter'd Rigging, they immediately made all the haste that could be, to block up the Dutch Harbours; letting Trump see that now his Bravadoes

were transferred from the Downs, to his own Doors, and that the Fleet which a lit∣tle before he thought good to send Hue and Cry after, were now come to dare him up∣on his own Dunghil the English at Sea, lying thus before the Texel, Wielings, and other Ports of Holland, taking Prizes at pleasure.

General Cromwel at Land (mean while) prepares for a new Parliament, in whose hands the Legislative Power of the Nation was to be put: to that purpose, persons being chosen by himself, to the number of one hundred forty four, out of the three Nations of England, Scotland and Ireland, they made their appearance at Westminster, on July 4. 1653. (the day prefixt in their Summons) in the Council-Chamber at White-hall, where General Cromwel being present, attended by many Officers of the Army, he made a short Speech; which be∣ing ended, by a Writing under his own hand and seal, he impowered them to be the Supreme Authority and Governours of England, Scotland and Ireland, with all the Territories thereunto belonging: and that any forty of them should be a Quo∣rum, sufficient to dispatch business, make

Laws, and order all things as they should see good; onely for their limitation, the Instrument ordered their sitting not to ex∣ceed the third of November, 1654. and that three months before their Dissolu∣tion, they were to make choice of other persons, to whom they were to deliver up their Powers. Having delivered his In∣strument to the Members, the Lord Gene∣ral dismist them with a Benediction (being very good at it) wishing the Blessing of GOD might go along with them and their Counsels. Immediately hereupon, the Members adjourned to the old Parliament House, where having first appointed Mr. Rouse to be Speaker, a great debate arose among them what to call themselves, whe∣ther a Parliament, or something else: at last it was carried in the affirmative, That they were a Parliament; in which name, all Addresses to them were to be made.

Being thus settled, they began (though scarce pen feathered) to soar high, and at first dash to strike both at Law and Go∣spel.

But whilst these things were under de∣bate. John Liburn, whose turbulent Spirit in the time of the Long Parliament, had

procured his Banishment, presuming at this time to be again admitted into the Nation, very confidently addrest himself to the Lord General, craving his Protection. But he knowing full well of what spirit John was, would take no notice of him, but left him to the Law, by which he underwent a strict Trial, and by the favour of his Jury was acquitted.

This man was ever observed to be of an ambitious minde, alwayes affecting Popu∣larity, and therefore ever barking against the Higher Powers; first against the Bi∣shops, then against the King: next, against the Parliament; and indeed, against every one that stood in his way. Likewise so fickle in his own Principles, that trundling from one Opinion to another, he at last fell down into the sink of Quakerisme, in which he died, and was buried like himself, being hurried along the streets, from the Mouth neer Aldersgate, by a confused med∣ley of Levellers and Quakers. But to Sea again.

The English Fleet having out-Trumped the Dutch, and made their Neptune fly to Land for shelter, they improved their ad∣vantage to the utmost, by blocking up the

Ports of Holland and Zealand, so that not a ship durst pass in or out, but was imme∣diately made Prize. Among those that were taken, were two laden with great Guns, one carrying one hundred sixty two, the other, one hundred ninety one.

These dayly losses filled the people with rage and madness, seeing they were de∣prived of Traffick, by which they chiefly subsisted; and if that was obstructed, no∣thing but a deep consumption would quickly follow. The States General sitting at the Helm, and foreseeing the sad con∣sequence of the present War, seriously de∣bated which way to free themselves from that imminent danger that now hung over their heads. To accomplish this, there was but two wayes; either by Force to repel Force, or by Treaty to procure Peace. To put both these in execution, four Commis∣sioners were dispatched away imediately for London, to treat of a Reconciliation; and in the mean time, all imaginable preparations were made to prosecute the War, that so peace might be obtained on better Terms.

Whilst they are thus providing to run the hazard of one blow more, it will not

be much amiss to give a rough draught of Naval Combats. An ancient Philosopher laughed heartily at the folly of those that durst be so bold to venter themselves at Sea, within two inches of death, for pro∣fit. If to sail in a ship so much deserves laughing at, what folly then (nay madness) is it to fight, when all the Elements conspire to make an end of the Combatants? For, the Timber, which is the material sub∣stance of a Ship, may be accompted Earth, out of which it is produced, and easily giveth way to penetration by the impartial Bullet, which seldom hits the Hull without Execution, making those Planks fly into splinters, and become the instruments of death, which before were looked upon as a defence and safe-guard from the Enemies shot. The infinite number of great Guns belching forth fire and smoak, so that the superficies of the water seemeth to con∣corporate with its contrary Element: whilst the serenity of the Air is obfuscated by Clouds of Smoak; the Combatants, mean while, eagre to grapple with each other, are lost in a fog: In one place is to be seen a ship converted into a Bon-fire; and her men fearful to fry, fling themselves

voluntarily into a cooler kinde of death: In another place is a Vessel depopulated of all her Inhabitants, without Masts, Yards, Tackle, or any other thing that is neces∣sary for her guide; and thus she floats a∣bout in a desperate condition. Here are men wanting ships, and there are ships wanting men: and nothing is more studi∣ed, then how to alter the natural verdure of the Sea, with the sanguine, Purple of humane slaughter. Thus Confusion rides in Triumph; and death at one instant ap∣peareth in various shapes: a neglected match, or accidental spark, being got into the Powder, in a trice conquers the Con∣querors, and makes them fly, who before were pursuers. The water, as that bears the Berthen, so it claims a great share in destroying: for at the redoubling sound of the thundring shot, the Billows being backt with a puff of winde, dance a Currant to this doleful musick, and readily attend the destruction of those Vessels that are bat∣ter'd betwixt winde and water.

This being the Theotick of Sea-service, let us now see the Practick, as it was acted by the two mighty Antagonists.

The two Generals; Blake and Monk,

with the English Fleet, had now danced attendance at the Dutch doors, for two months together, in all which time, Van Trump was preparing the utmost strength that possibly could be made, by the inde∣fatigable industry of the States General. Their Navy being new rigged and tallow∣ed, was set afloat, consisting of 120 sail of Men of War. The most of these lay at the Wielings, the rest in the Texel. And now to incourage and raise up the resolution of the Sea-men, that so they might atchieve mighty matters, a Proclamation is made, that all the shipping they could take from the English, being Men of War, should be their own; besides some thousands of Gilders to those that durst take the Eng∣lish Admiral, and a proportionable sum for him that could take the Vice-Admiral or his Flag: these promises, with an addition of Brandy-wine, tipt the Dutch mens tongues with valour. Van Trump having now all things in readiness, set sail in hopes to return a compleat Victor, thereby to wipe off the stain which formerly had been flung upon his reputation.

July 29. 1653. the English Scouts dis∣covered 95 Men of War to come bravely

sailing from the Wielings: they soon knew them to be Enemies, and therefore gave notice, that the whole Fleet (which then lay about three leagues off to Sea) might make up: but the winde facing the Eng∣lish, kept them from the Engagement, un∣til six a clock in the evening; when about thirty nimble Frigats (the rest being still at Stern) began the encounter, and so con∣tinued until night parted them.

This first dayes fight did onely whet their appetites to the ensuing slaughter; for all this night the Durch bore away to∣wards the Texel, where joyned with them, 25 sail of stout men of War: these were the prime ships of their Navy, wherein they chiefly relied. Their Fleet being thus re-inforced by this conjunction, Van Trump immediately endeavoured to put all in a fighting posture, to engage: the next day: but the night proving foul, the wind in a rough note threatned the poor Eng∣lish with destruction, either on the Flats, or else on a Lee-shoar. To prevent these di∣sasters, Monk, with the English Fleet, set sail, and stood out to sea: this sight made the Dutch to suppose a flight, insomuch that one of their Captains desired Van

Van Trump to pursue: For (said he) these Schellums dare not stand one Broad Side from your Excellency; you may see them plainly running home, and therefore my Lord miss not the opportunity. This was not the first time that Trump had seen the English at Sea, and therefore returned the Captain this short Answer: Sir, look to your Charge, for were the Enemy but twenty Sail, they would never refuse to fight us. So it fell out: for the weather proving fair and calm, the English contracted their Fleet together, and in a Body tack'd about to meet the Enemy. Neither was Trump behindhand to meet his resolute Adversa∣ry; but with as much speed as care he brought his Navy into such a form, as sufficiently manifested the excellent skill he had in managing Maritime Affairs. The Morning to this fatal day proved some∣what gloomy, so that it seemed the Sun was ashamed to behold the ensuing slaughters. About five a Clock in the morning, the Dutch having the Weathergage, began the sight somewhat at a distance; but it was not long▪ before both Fleets were despe∣rately engaged board and board. Now, (as a modern Poet expresseth it)

The Slaughter-breathing-Brass grew hot, and spoke In Flames of Lightning, and in Clouds of Smoke, Till the discolour'd Billowes dide in Grain, Blusht to behold such Shambles of the Slain.

Never was fight upon the Sea better managed and maintained, then this. The Andrew (which deserved Saintship for the service) luft aboard Trumps own Ship, but was quickly haled off by a Fire-ship which stuck like a Plaister to her side, so that in a trice the Tackle blazed like a Torch; and had it not been for the wonderful courage of some few Sea-men, she had then un∣doubtedly perished. The like disaster fell upon the Triumph a second-rate Ship, which sometimes encountred many at once, but still triumphed over all, till at last a great Flemish Ship set her on fire; which began to rage in such a terrible manner, that it wrought the greatest confusion ima∣ginable in the distracted Company; some of them chusing the Flood before the Flame,

leaped over-board and were drowned. The example of those few that ended their lives in this desperate condition, made the rest double their diligence, to save themselves and Ship: which was at last performed; so that the medley growing great, and the fury of the Sailers and Souldiers having banish'd all fear, they boldly board one a∣nother. The Rainbow, an English Ship, ha∣ving a long time striven to make prise of others, was at last like to be surprised her self, had not the Oak seeing the danger of her fellow, bore in to the Rescue: but this charitable deed reduced the Oak to Ashes, she being destroyed by a Fire-ship. Yet for all this, the English (no whit daunted) maintained the Fight with such an obsti∣nate Gallantry, that the Dutch, though high in resolution, were low in hopes of the Vi∣ctory. And well they might: for what can be expected, when men fight for fear of punishment, as here many did, not so much regarding the honour of Conquest, as the Eyes of the two Lords sent on purpose in a nimble Frigat to observe every Captains Actions?

This bloudy Battle now continued with eagerness (but more uncertainty) from five

in the morning till ten; about which time, Van Trump, fighting in the midst of the English Fleet, had a Pass-port sent him for another world, being shot with a Musquet-Bullet into the left Breast near the Heart. What can live, when the Heart is dead? Trump was the Life of the Action; by whose example all was guided and direct∣ed: no sooner was his Life spent, but the Hearts of his men were broken: a general Consternation suddenly possest the whole Fleet, so that the Sea-men had more minde to carry home the news of their renown∣ed Generals death, then to take venge∣ance on the English for killing him.

This unfortunate shot made the Dutch (now the Head was lost) for preservation of the remaining part of the body, at first to disengage themselves, still fighting in a defensive posture; and then about three a Clock in the evening, to clap on all the Canvas possible, and haste to their own Ports. It had been happy if all could have made the like speed; but that was forbid∣den by the English, who had sunk and fired 27 of their Men of War, and killed them upwards of 2000 men, besides six Captains and 1000 Prisoners taken: but the loss

of losses was the General Van Trump; to conquer whom alone, had been a Victory sufficient to deserve a Triumph: hereby the States of Holland were deprived of as able a Sea-man as ever sailed the Ocean: he was a man serious in deliberation; but when resolved, truly valiant in Action; which was sufficiently manifest in that e∣minent service he performed for the safety and honour of his Country against Don Antonio d'Oquendo, in the year 1639, when with a small Fleet he fought the Spa∣niards in the Downs, and without any great trouble brought that great Armada to nothing, wherein was imbarqued 23000▪ Souldiers, besides Mariners. This he did with so much generosity, that when the Spanish General durst not set to Sea from under the protection of Dover-castle, for want of Powder, Trump offered to supply him therewith, and afterwards to fight him. He was ever observed to be a zealous As∣sertor of the Orange Interest, both at home and abroad; this made him so eager to fo∣ment and drive on the War between Eng∣land and Holland, because the posterity of King Charles (Father-in-law to the Prince of Orange) were excluded from Govern∣ment.

Some Obligations he had recei∣ved from the said King; as Knighthood at Dover, anno 1641. and gifts at the same time, which sufficiently manifested the Bounty of the Donor. This is certain, that the fall of this great man did very much conduce to the future Peace between the two Republicks, which quickly after fol∣lowed.

Trump's death was not without loss on the English side: for no less then six Cap∣tains, with 400 Souldiers and Sea-men took leave of this, to bear him company into the other World: besides these, there was wounded six Captains, and 700 of the inferiour sort: but for shipping, the loss was so small, that it may cause wonder; for no more miscarried then the Oak, a Ship of about 30 Guns, and a small Fire-ship besides: but yet the rest of the Navy were so much wounded, that they made home to repair Breaches, and recruit for another Expedition. Thus the English Mastiff baited the Belgick Lyon, till she made him run roaring home for shelter.

Whilst these Successes were given a∣broad, discontent rages at home among the

most sober sort of people, caused by the strange Actings of the Parliament, who had now sate six moneths, and hatched little more then the Act for Marriages; which was made, more to vex the Clergie, then please the Laity. This was but a branch of the Ministers maintenance, the body being Tythes, was with might and main endea∣voured to be hewen down to the ground: but the event answered not the intent; for a Committee being purposely appointed to consider of this weighty business, and make report to the House; the Legality of it both by the Laws of God and man, was so largely and clearly proved before them, that after a full hearing, and serious consi∣deration of the whole matter, the Commit∣tee returned an Affirmative report for Tythes: but yet for all this, many of the Members being desirous to lay open a gap for confusion, did very stifly argue against the Ministerial Function, making it little better then Antichristian, and Burdensome to the people. Of this humour there were no fewer then 60 of the Members, and for the Ministry 84. these last were the Major part, which very wisely (fearing the Minor would undermine them, by watching all

opportunities to accomplish their de∣signes) did resolve to break-up house-kee∣ping: which motion being made by a Mem∣ber, Munday December 12. it was readily assented unto; so that the Speaker adjour∣ned to White-hall, and delivered up the Powers they had received, to General Cromwel again.

As the Magnitude of Hercules body was once drawn by the dimension of his foot; so the policy of Cromwel may be seen in the Actions of this pack'd Parliament; as may be perceived by a rational Answer to these following Queries:

1. Whether the Parliament did not make way for Cromwel's future greatness, in ta∣king away the Engagement, under pretence of liberty for tender consciences that scrupled the taking of it.

2. When Cromwel earnestly desired the several Members of this Parliament to re∣member Tythes and the Universities, whether he meant the extirpation or confirmation of them.

3. Whether some of this Parliament-Members violent endeavours to level the Law in its practice, and the Gospel▪ in the

preaching thereof, was not a designe of Crom∣wels, to render the Members odious to the vulgar, that so his own Government might be the more acceptable to the people.

4. Whether it was an Act of Grace or Gratitude in the Parliament, to make Crom∣wel a Member of that which he had made a Body.

5. Whether the picking of this Parliament was intended more for publick good, or pri∣vate designes.

The Lord General having now got the Civil and Military Powers into his Hands by this Resignation, made use of them to his best advantage. First of all, he called a Council of Officers; and joyning with them certain other persons to advise, it was by them (not without abundant seeking of God, and speaking from several places of Scripture which lay much upon the spirits of many in this Assembly) resolved to have a Commonwealth in a Single Person; which person should be the Lord General Crom∣wel, under the Title and Dignity of Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ire∣land, and the Dominions and Territories thereunto belonging. To him was assigned

a Council consisting of One and twenty, to be assistants in the Government. But because there can be no Superstructure without a Basis, an Instrument was framed, to be the Foundation of this present Go∣vernment: which chiefly was made up of these following Heads.

1. The Protector should call a Par∣liament every three years.

2. That the first should assemble on the third of September 1654.

3. That he should not dissolve the Parliament till it had sate five moneths.

4. That such Bills as they offered to him, he not passing them in twenty days, should pass without him.

5. That he should have a select Coun∣cil, not exceeding one and twenty, nor under thirteen.

6. That immediately after his death, the Council should chuse another Protector before they rose.

7. That no Protector after him should be General of the Army.

8. That the Protector should have pow∣er to make Peace or War.

9. That in the Intervals of Parlia∣ment, he and his Council might make Laws that should be binding to the Subject, &c.

But now to make these things binding to the Conscience of this Grand Magi∣strate, December 16. 1653. he in great state went from White-hall to Westminster, where in the Chancery Court, before the Judges, Maior and Aldermen of London, with the chiefest Officers of the Nation, he did so∣lemnly swear, To accept of the Government; and promised in the presence of God, not to vi∣olate or infringe the matters and things con∣tained in the Instrument, but to observe, and cause the same to be observed; and in all things to the best of his understanding, govern the Nations according to the Laws, Statutes and Customs; seek their peace, causing Ju∣stice and Law to be equally administred.

This Oath being publickly known, the Ceremony concluded with great. Acclama∣tions of certain Souldiers. Presently af∣ter, this following Proclamation by the

Council was published through England, Scotland and Ireland.

WHereas the late Parliament dissolved them∣selves, and resigning their Powers and Authorities, the Government of the Common-wealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, by a Lord Protector, and successive triennial Parli∣aments is now established: And whereas Oliver Cromwel Captain-General of all the Forces of this Commonwealth is declared Lord Prote∣ctor of the said Nations, and hath accepted thereof: We have therefore thought it necessa∣ry (as we hereby do) to make Publication of the Premises, and strictly to charge and com∣mand all and every Person and Persons, of what quality and condition soever in any of the said three Nations, to take notice hereof, and to conform and submit themselves to the Government so established. And all Sheriffs, Maiors, Bailiffs, &c. are required to publish this Proclamation, to the end none may have cause to pretend ignorance in this behalf.

Nothing could satisfie Caesars Ambition, but a perpetual Dictatorship; nor Alex∣ander's, but to have more worlds to con∣quer; and why then should our Cromwel,

having the same aspiration, (and inspiration above them) be satisfied with less then a perpetual Protectorship? Ambition is of such a Nature, that to be first in a Village, pleases better then the second place in a City; but to satisfie an ambitious Appe∣tite sufficiently with honour, is impossible; unless he can clime so high, that none dares ask how he came to that height.

To this Elevation is the Subject of our Discourse come, that his thoughts can rise no higher, then how to keep in Peace what he hath got by Policy. The City of London (as there can be no great change without its Concurrence) presently invites the Protector to a great Feast at Grocers-Hall, where his Entertainment was more suitable to the former Splendor, then pre∣sent Exigence of that once-flourishing City. Immediately after, some Paper∣kites flew out of the Country to Court from particular persons, making Demon∣stration of Congratulation and real Obe∣dience: These bore in the Front the Title of Addresses from all the good people in the Nation; when it was well known, that those whose Blood had purchas'd them Li∣berty from under one Person, would ne∣ver

subscribe themselves Slaves to ano∣ther.

The Protector began his Reign with seeming Serenity, insomuch that many ex∣pected Halcyon days; such Sanctity ap∣peared in the Countenance of this Gover∣nour: his Tongue on all occasions was tipt with Lamentations at the Effusion of Christian Blood, and customarily would bemoan the Animosities amongst the peo∣ple, caused by diversity in Religion: Yet for all that, when any Overtures were made to him tending to a Settlement and Conformity in Religion, then, his power was no greater in the Nation then a Constable's, who is to keep peace and quietness amongst all parties. Thus he behaved himself towards the Ecclesiasticks.

But now we come to his first grand A∣ction of State, the Negotiation of the Dutch Peace. This War had been gallant∣ly maintained by the long Parliament, who in many Fights filled our Harbours with Prizes, which weakened much the united Provinces; but every bout augmented the Valour and Resolution of the English Sea-men: so that in a little while, the dread

of this Adversary was turned into con∣tempt.

I will not yet in the least derogate from the worth of this brave Enemy: for in all Encounters, their endeavours were good; & might have been better, if Sobriety among the Sea-men had been well observed; but 'tis sad fighting, when the Can charged with Brandy, must be a Gun to conquer an Enemy: these weapons usually conquered themselves, and made way to their own destruction. But now to shew in part the Dutch Ingratitude, it will not be much a∣miss to remember what England hath done for them.

Time was, when the (High and Mighty) States of Holland, not able to help them∣selves, implored (as poor and distressed) Queen Elizabeths assistance: she readily condescending, sent them over a well∣furnished Army commanded by the Earl of Leicester. These were but the forlorn to greater Bodies, which after were trans∣sported under the Conduct of those brave Commanders, Norris, Vere, Sidney, and ma∣ny more, whose blood laid the Foundation of that Commonwealth: These were the Men that cut the Spanish Yoak from off

their Necks, and never offered to sheath their Swords, until the Dutch were fully possest of their Liberties. But O Ingra∣titude▪ this was no sooner done, but the Deed forgotten: For in King James his time, many Depredations were secretly committed on the English by them: It may suffiice if we mention no more but onely the business of Amboyna, which suf∣ficiently witnesseth how far their Will would have extended, had they had power sufficient to execute it. Afterwards, King Charles perceiving their enchroaching, set forth a brave Fleet, (which hurt himself more then any body else; for it raised so hideous a storm amongst his Subjects upon the payment of Ship-money, that never af∣ter could be appeased, till his Head was blown off his Shoulders) these lying in the Downes under command of Dover-castle, to protect a Spanish Armado intending for Flanders, the Spaniards were boldly set upon by the Dutch, and utterly destroyed. Had this presumptuous attempt of the Hol∣lander met with a vindictive King, it would not have been so silently connived at. These Affronts being thus slightly passed by, imboldened them to attempt higher

matters: for the English Nation on a sud∣dain involved in a Domestick War, they made use of this opportunity to fish freely on the English Coast; which they conti∣nued so long, that from custome, they would argue a right; because they had done it, therefore they ought to do it still: presuming withall, to make Englands Har∣bors the bounds to their Soveraignty. A rich Bank of Treasure, and great strength in shipping, prompted them to this project; and the rather, because England was wast∣ed by War, and disunited amongst them∣selves: Now they thought it their time to attempt the designe, wherein they fan∣cied an assured and absolute Conquest; not at all considering what advantages in Navigation England hath over them; as first, not a ship can well pass the Narrow Seas between Dover and Calice, but must run the hazard to be snapt in their passage, unless they sailed under protection of a strong Fleet of War. Secondly, in stormy Weather the Winds would inforce ships at Sea to put into the English Harbours for shelter. In both which respects, it must needs be very prejudicial to the Dutch, if they fell out with England: their Traffick

this way being stopt up, no other means re∣mained to continue a Trade to France, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, East and West In∣dies, but by the North of Scotland, with a Circumference about Ireland, whereby the Merchant must necessarily be exposed to a double danger in respect of Enemies: And that which is more unavoydable, the tempestuousness of the Sea in this Nor∣therly Latitude, would have rendred their passage that way both unfafe and uncom∣fortable. But it seems these Considerati∣ons never entred into the thoughts of that State; their minds were onely troubled with dividing Spoils, and how to give Laws by Sea to the whole world. This high con∣ceit of Fortitude, many times bars up the doors against prudential Counsels. Well, blinded as the Dutch were, Van Trump, that leading Card against the English Com∣monwealth, must begin the Game, and that when their Embassadors were in Treaty at London.

The Parliament of England remembring their late saucy Action in the Downs, resol∣ved to make it redound to the honour of England: to that end, they fell into a close debate of the Nations right in those Seas:

now Mare Olausum speaks English, to let every one see the Dominion of the Nar∣row Sea is Englands safety and Protector, under Divine Providence, from the fury of forraign Foes, which if it were lost, a Con∣fluence of all Nations would quickly sub∣jugate the Land to their will. How sen∣sible the Senate and People of England were of this, is easily seen by the industri∣ous Counsels of the one, and incomparable Valour of the other; so that in a few moneths the Dutch sustained more loss by this their wilful undertaking, then before they had done in several years War with the Spaniard. The English Parliament be∣ing thus engaged in a defensive War, quick∣ly changed the Scoene to offensive, main∣taining it with wonderful Policy and Pru∣dence: but on a suddain, in stept General Cromwel, and justled them out of Power, taking upon himself to end this War. He fought the Hollander twice prosperously, which brought over into England four Em∣bassadours extraordinary to sollicite a Peace: these using pecuniary Perswasions, so far prevailed with the Protector, as made him balance the publick Concernments with his private Interest; and so granted their desires.

The Peace being thus concluded, and published, the people of England were then perswaded to a general Thanksgiving, by a Declaration, partly made up of nine Verses out of the 107 Psalm. To make observa∣tion on Englands Profit by this Peace, is needless; that I will leave for the Mer∣chant to rejoyce in.

Actions of State are like the Billows of the Sea, one designe drives forward ano∣ther, as they are agitated by the Princes breath. No sooner was peace proclaimed abroad, but Plots commenced at home: the chief Designers were two Gerrards, Bro∣thers, one Jones an Apothecary, Teuder, Fow, and Vowel: some of these (through mercy) were saved, but Vowel and Gerrard must suffer for example.

In the same Juncture of time fell out an arrogant exploit of Don Pantaleon Sa, brother to the Portugal Embassadour: this man being followed by a fanatique Crew, came one evening to the New Exhange armed with Swords, Pistols, and Hand-gra∣nadoes: what the original provocative to this designe was, is uncertain: however, one wrapt in Buff, (a bold Blade no doubt) being followed by Knights of Malta,

Foot-boys, and the like, ascended the Stai∣ers into the upper Exchange, where firing a Pistol, a Gentleman there walking, was slain. There happened to be walking the same time this Gerrard above-mentioned: he seeing their Countenances not so swar∣thy as this deed was sable, draws his Rapi∣er, and with a magnanimous spirit drove them all before him down staiers. The Lord Protector having notice of these Por∣tugals frollique, upon examination resol∣ved to proceed thereupon without respect of persons, and to make the chiefest Actor an example of Justice; which being found to be the Embassadours Brother, he was condemned for this ridiculous riot, and ex∣ecuted at Tower-hill on the same Scaffold (though for different causes) with generous Gerrard. The eyes of the Spectators never beheld such different tempers in two men: Gerrard no way appald in countenance or behaviour, like a true English man, out-bra∣ved Death on the very Block. His body being removed out of sight, up came Don Pontaleon Sa the Portugal, with a body too heavy for its supporters, and a countenance which sufficiently demonstrated, that the terrour of his heart had in a manner made

him insensible of the smart of the Executi∣oners Ax; so that many present believed his head served onely to satisfie the Law, his life being already fled through fear.

But now on a suddain there breaks forth an Insurrection in the Highlands of Scot∣land: these mountanous people having little to loose but their lives, would ever be trying to shake the English yoak from off their necks. The chief bellows to blow these miserable men to destruction, was the Earl of Glencarne, a man whose industry was ever pregnant in contriving new de∣signes against the English: he having now drawn together a considerable strength, proclaimed to his fellows what great assi∣stance would be wafted over to them from the Low Countries, by which means it might be easie (if unanimous) to obtain their Liberty, and get immortal Fame by freeing their Country from the present subjection it lay under. This was heard with general applause, and sprightly pro∣secuted, especially now Middleton was come from the Netherlands with the pro∣mised provisions for War. This Middle∣ton, amongst other things, brought a special Commission to be Commander in chief o∣ver

all those then in Arms; and under him in the next degree was Monro Lieutenant General. This spoiled all; for Glencarne scorned to raise an Army for others to command; he loved the Cause well, but would not be disparaged by it: must he fo∣ment and stir up others, to be brought down himself? or take pains for others gains? No, he would not endure this, see∣ing it was a diminution to his honour, which as a Souldier he equally prized with life. On the other side, Middleton was too stiff to stoop; he stoutly stood to have Monro in the second place of Superiority. The consideration of the dangerous conse∣quence of this falling out, made all the Gentlemen endeavour a Unity: which endeavours prevailed so far, as to procure a reconciliation between Middleton and Glencarne, provided Glencarne might be made Lieutenant General. But the pride of Monro could by no means condescend to this motion.

VVhen thus they had bandied together for some time, at last Glencarne challengeth Monro to a single Combat; which being accepted of, on a certain morning they fought, with fortunate success to Glencarne,

who wounded and disarmed his Adversary, and then immediately after left the Army with about 500 Gentlemen, who made their composition with the Governour of Dunbarton to live peaceably at home, and leave Middleton to shift for himself.

Thus dissention among the Grandees leading the Van, destruction quickly after brought up the Reare. For General Monk with the English being not ignorant of these transactions among the Highlanders, and delaying for some time to march a∣gainst them, till he had seen the event of their divisions, and observed his opportuni∣ty to suppress them; upon certain intelli∣gence of their motion, he advanced to meet them; and engaging Middleton at Lough∣gerry, after some small bickering the Scots were wholly routed, and Middleton enforc'd to flee back again into Holland.

The Lord Protector in England seeing on what a ticklish Foundation his greatness stood (for though he had obtained a Go∣vernment, yet was it not confirmed to him by the People) therefore according to the tenure of the Instrument of Government, he summoned a Parliament to assemble at Westminster, Septemb. 3. 1659, when there

appeared a great number of grave judici∣ous persons, men that sufficiently under∣stood the peoples priviledges, having many times before been Champions to defend them from the enchroachments of Usur∣pers. The day before their sitting, the Pro∣tector went by water from White-hall to the Painted Chamber, whither he sent for the Members; where they being come, he desired their company to hear a Sermon at the Abby-Church the next day, and afterwards he would impart his minde to them. About nine in the morning, his Highness (not much affecting pomp and bravery) rode in his Coach to the Church: with him there sate his Son Henry and the Lord Lambert: his Gentlemen very rich∣ly clad, marched first, bare-headed; next before the Coach, went the Pages; and on one side of the Coach walked on foot Mr. Strickland one of the Council, and Captain of the Guard, together with the Master of the Ceremonies; on the other side, in like manner, was Captain Howard Captain of the Life-guard. After these, followed in Coaches, the Lords Commissio∣ners of the Great Seal, of the Treasury, and the Council; at last, the ordinary Guard

of the Protector put an end to the train. In this manner he went to the Abby. As he entred the Church, there was born before him four Maces, the Purse and a Sword, which the Lord Lambert carried, bare-headed.

VVhen Dr. Goodwin had ended his Ser∣mon, the Protector and Parliament went to the Painted Chamber, where he declared to the Members in a set Speech, (briefly thus:)

THat the Parliament then met, were such a Congregation as England never saw before; and that it might be a matter worthy such a meeting, to give a Series of Gods Providence all along to these times; but that being well known to most of them, he should proceed to let them know in what condition these Nati∣ons were when this Government was ere∣cted. Every mans heart was then against another: that we had then our humors and interests, and every thing almost was grown Arbitrary. Next of all, what a prodigious contempt there was of God and

Christ; the Grace of God was turned into wantonness, and his Spirit made a Cloak for vile practises: yet many would say, Matters of Religion belonged not to the Magistrate, he was onely to look to the ou∣ter man, not to meddle with the inner. Nay, the abomination was swell'd to that height, that the Ax was laid to the root of the Ministry, as Babylonish and Anti∣christian. While these things were in the midst of us, and the Nation rent and torn, one Family against another, and nothing in the hearts and minds of men but over-turn, overturn, overturn; at the some time swarms of Jesuites coming over, having their Consistories abroad to rule all the Affairs of England, and the de∣pendencies thereof. Withall, the Nation was deeply engaged in a War with POR∣TUGAL, HOLLAND and FRANCE. In such a heap of Confu∣sion was this Nation, that a speedy remedy must be applyed, and hath been applyed. This Government (let men say what they will) is calculated for the peoples interest.

That for his own part, he could with hum∣bleness towards God, and modesty before them, recount something in the behalf of it. First, it had indeavoured to reform the Law: it hath put into seats of Justice men of known integrity and ability: it hath settled a way for probation of Mini∣sters to preach the Gospel. And besides, it hath called a free Parliament (blessed be God) we see this day a free Parliament. As for the Wars; a peace is made with Sweden, Denmark, the Dutch and Portugal: moreover, at this time a trea∣ty is depending with France. These things are but Entrances and Doors of hope: but now he made no question to en∣able them to lay the top-stone of this work. This Maxime he recommended to their observation, that Peace, though it be made, is not to be trusted farther then it consists with Interest. The great work that now lay upon this Parliament, was, that the Government of Ireland might be settled in terms of honour, and that themselves would manage Affairs

with Prudence, lest forraign States retain hopes of advantage by their confusions. For himself, he did not speak like one that would be a Lord over them, but as one that was resolved to be a fellow-servant with them in this great Affair. To con∣clude, he wished them to repair to their own house, and there use their Liberty in the choice of a Speaker.

The Protector having ended his Speech, the Members immediately repaired to the Parliament-house, and chose William Len∣thal Master of the Rolls to be their Spea∣ker; then they resolved to tune the Instru∣ment of Government. The first debate was, Whether the Legislative Power should be in a single Person and a Parliament. This Ball was bandied about for some time. The Pro∣tectoreans with might and main endea∣voured to have the Question resolved to be no question, but rather to be passed im∣mediately in the Affirmative. This was strenuously opposed by the major part of the House: amongst the rest, a noble Gen∣tleman stood up and made an excellent Speech, wherein he shewed the Snares that

then were laid to entrap the Peoples Privi∣ledges: for his own part, he declared that God had made him Instrumental in cutting down Tyranny in one person, and now he could not endure to see the Nations Liberties rea∣dy to be shakled by another, whose right to the Government could be measured out no other∣ways then by the length of his Sword; 'twas this imboldned him to command his Com∣manders. To the same effect many more Speeches were made, in direct opposition to a single Person.

Thus the Parliament for eight days to∣gether run divisions upon the Protectors Instrument, till it jarred so much, that it was impossible to play one pleasant Tune for the Court to dance after. This highly offended his Highness, and made him re∣solve to put the Parliament into a better mode, if possible: to which end, away he goes by water to the painted Chamber, and there sent for all the Members of Parlia∣ment then sitting, to appear presently be∣fore him: there he declared,

That his sorrow was very great, to find them falling into heats and divisions; he

would have them take notice of this, that the same Government that made them a Parliament, made him a Protector; and as they were intrusted with some things, so he with other things. In the Government there was Fundamentals that could not be altered: as,

1. That the Government should be in one Person and a Parliament.

2. That Parliaments should not be made perpetual, nor always sitting.

3. The Militia was not to be trusted in any one hand or power, but so, that the Par∣liament ought to have a check upon the Protector, and the Protector upon the Par∣liament.

4. That in matters of Religion, there ought to be Liberty of Conscience, and means used to prevent Persecution.

For the rest of the things in the Govern∣ment, they were examinable and alterable as the State of Affairs did require. For his own part (he told them) his heart was even overwhelmed with grief to see that any of them should go about to over∣throw

what was settled, contrary to their trust received from the people; which could not but bring on very great inconvenien∣ces.

In this manner he perswaded them to Conformity in his designes: but fearing words might be little regarded, he there∣fore prepared a Laxative Composition wrapt up in a Recognition, which was to be taken as followeth:

I do hereby promise and engage to be true and faithful to the Lord Protector, and the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ire∣land; and shall not (according to the tenour of the Indenture where∣by I am returned to serve in Par∣liament) propose, or give my con∣sent to alter the Government, as it is setled in one Person and a Par∣liament.

This dose purged some Members out of the House; and others again swallowed it without any reluctancie; so that for all this, the Parliament (though they looked somewhat thin) continued sitting five Moneths after, in which time they did much, in doing nothing. The Protector seeing how opposite they were to his hopes, could not brook these their dilatory proceedings; and seeing they would not settle him, he resolves to unhouse them; and accordingly takes the first opportunity his Instrument would give him (not slip∣ping one day) and dissolved them.

Upon the very nick of this Catastrophe, the Court was Alarm'd with news of a great rising in Shropshire, Montgomery∣shire, Wiltshire, Nottinghamshire, Nor∣thumberland and Yorkshire; it is needless to tell the rise and growth of these male∣contents: their folly and fall may suffici∣ently manifest, there were secret invisible springs that turned the maine wheels of this Design. However, the Protector continued still Victorious, and triumphed over his Enemies.

Long had the World stood in amaze∣ment at the Protectors mighty preparati∣ons,

wondering what the intent should be, or event would prove: The Design was too deep to be easily fathomed, being managed with such secresie, that the chief Commanders both by Land and Sea, who were to put it in practice, knew not at first what they went about; onely this they were assured of, that it was for the honour of God, the good of their Countrey, and would be to themselves a profitable glory. Time, with great in∣dustry and vast sums of money, having at last produced two mighty Fleets, one of them was commanded by General Blake, who (being fitted onely for the Sea) sailed away to the Straights: about two Months after, the other Fleet put out to Sea, commanded by General Pen, who took aboard him a Land-Army, under Conduct of General Venables. These Land-Forces being in all three thousand, were divided into five Regiments, under their respective Commanders, and distri∣buted through the Navie, consisting of about thirty Sail of good Ships, but provi∣ded with necessaries (neither sutable nor sufficient) for so long a Voyage.

Decemb. the 19th 1654. this Eleet set

sail from Portsmouth for the Barbadoes, the appointed place of Randezvous: it pleased God to give them a speedy pas∣sage, insomuch that the 29 of January, they were all at Anchor in Carlisle Bay, and presently landed their men upon the Island.

The King of Spain all this while, not being assured that these Forces were de∣signed against him, yet by many circum∣stances believing no less, he sent a speedy Mandate to the Marquess de Leda Go∣vernour of Dunkirk, to pass into England in the quality of an extraordinary Am∣bassador, that so he might know the cer∣tainty thereof. This gallant Commander (for so indeed he was) presently after ari∣ved at London accordingly: but after some stay, finding little satisfaction in his Au∣diences, he returned back again to give an account to his Master.

But to return: during the abode of the Fleet at the Barbadoes, the Generals, Co∣lonels, and inferiour Officers were not negligent in their several stations. Gene∣ral Pen caused the Carpenters of each Ship to set up those Shallops which were brought over in Quarters out of England:

And ordered the Coopers to trim and fit water-Casks: Besides, he sent two Frigats to S. Christophers and Mevis, for raising of Voluntiers there. In the mean time, General Venables formed a new Regiment of Sea-men to serve upon occasion at Land; these were put under the Conduct of Vice-Admiral Goodson; the rest of the Regiments brought out of England, were easily compleated to a full number: Like∣wise, a Troop of gallant Horse were raised by the Islanders, at their own cost and charges (the Carcases of which were af∣terwards buryed in the Souldiers bellies, for want of better food.) But these were not all the strength: for the Planters Ser∣vants understanding that if they would serve the State, their time should still go on, and that at last (in spight of their Ma∣sters) they should enjoy their Freedoms in as ample a manner as if they had served them; this spurred them on to become Souloiers of Fortune; and many were pre∣sently listed into several Regiments ac∣cordingly. The Fleet was also augmented by twenty Sail of Duch Vessels, which were made prize for presuming to traffick with prohibited goods contrary to the Articles

of Peace betwixt the two Nations. The Land-Army being now in a readiness, their number was found to be so great, that every Ships share was as many as it could well carry. March 31. they set sail, from the Barbadoes, and in six dayes after came by the Lee under S. Christo∣phers. Here joyned with them about 1300 more, which came off from several Islands, in hopes to be made for ever. From hence they shaped their course di∣rectly for Hispaniola. On the 13 of April the whole Navie came fair by the Island, and plainly discovered the Town of San∣cta Domingo: immediately hereupon, a Council was▪ called, and the Guides con∣sulted withal: here it was concluded that General Venables should to Land. Ac∣cording to which resolution, the next day he landed about ten Leagues to the West∣ward of the Town, with 7000 Foot, a Troop of Horse, and three days Provisi∣on of Victuals. No sooner were they landed, but every mans tongue was tipt with gold; nothign could be thought on, but the plunder of Plate and Jewels; small things could not enter their mindes: as for Hangings, Houshold-stuff, &c. they

would be cumbersome to carry, and there∣fore they resolved to leave such things behinde them. In this extacy of joy was the Souldiery; when behold, up∣on a sudden, there appeared a Pro∣clamation from the General, comman∣ding, that when they entered the Town of Sancta Domingo, no man should presume to plunder either money, Plate, or Jewels, neither kill any tame Cattel, on pain of death. This made the Army look sowre on their imaginary sweet-meats; their golden hearts were now turned to lea∣den heels; so that it was indifferent to them, whether they went farther, or tar∣ried there: Yet for all this, on they march∣ed thorow Woods of incredible thick∣ness, receiving no opposition, except the excessive heat of the Sun, which caused an intolerable drought, that oppressed them sorely, having not had one drop of wa∣ter in many miles march, but what they carried in their own bladders; so that Urine was as white-wine to them that could swallow it.

General Pen, after the landing of these men, set ashore three Regiments more un∣der the command of Colonel Bullard, in

a Bay where a fair fresh-water River disburdened it self; this was within two Leagues of the Town, and appointed to be the place for conjuncton of the whole Army. It was not long before the General (according to appointment) having peace∣ably past the Woods, came to the River, and joyned himself with Bullards Brigade. Here, upon view, the Army was found to be 9700 (but few fighting) men. From this ri∣ver the Army hasted-away to take possessi∣on of the Town, which in imagination was already won: there marched on before the rest, a forlorn Hope consisting of 500 men; afterward followed the main body of the Army: in this order they marched within four miles of the Town, when up∣on the sudden a small party of Spaniards encountred the forlorn Hope, and in an instant forced them in confusion thorow the next Regiment, which was also routed: the Body of the Army coming up to their rescue, made the Enemy retire to a Fort hard by in the Woods, without any con∣siderable loss at all to the Spaniards: on the English side was slain Captain Cox, the chief Guide for the place, & many others.

The General having now seen the im∣becility

of his men, through want of wa∣ter and many other necessaries, he caused them to march back again to the River from whence they came, to refresh them∣selves in order to a full prosecution of the Design in hand. To which end, scaling lad∣ders were made, and two small Drakes mounted, with a Mortar-piece and Grana∣do-shels which were landed from the Fleet: these were conveyed by water to be set on shore at a convenient place near the Town. All things being now in readiness, to try conclusions, the Army once again dislodged, and were by the Guides promi∣sed to be brought upon the Town of S. Do∣mingo by a private way, where they might pass thorow the Woods free from danger of any Fort. Such a way there certainly was; but these blind Guides taking another to be it, the whole Army were brought near to the place where before they had been shamefully repulsed. The Spaniards mean time having certain intelligence by Negroes and Molattoes of the English march, prepared to entertain them in their passage. April 25. 1655. the whole Army approached near to a Fort which the Spa∣niards had in the Wood built of Brick, in a

triangular form without Flankers: in it were nine Pieces of good Ordinance, and 300 resolute fellows to manage them. The English Army a little before noon ap∣proaching near this Fort, were upon the sudden charged by a Party of the Enemy that lay undiscovered among the Trees: these resolute Spaniards, being about se∣venty in number, at first fired a round Vol∣ley of small shot upon the forlorne Hope, and then flew in like mad-men with their sharpe Steel Lances upon the English (who were already even suffocated with thirst, and hardly able to stand, much less to fight) so that in a moment the Generals running Regiment, with near half the Ar∣my, flew back to the Rear, and possest their fellows there with such a pannick fear, that every one began to shift for himself. Mean while the Spaniards pursued their Victory with the greatest slaughter they were able to make: for meeting with no resistance (but what that ever-renowned Gentleman Major-General Haines was able to make alone of himself, who never stirred one step, but dyed not unrevenged in the mid'st of his Enemies,) they wreaked their fury at pleasure on these dastardly dunces;

till at last, being overcome with killing, they retreated back in Triumph with se∣ven English Colours, the evident Tro∣phies of their Victory. The Retreat of the Enemy, gave opportunity for the living to number the dead: upon view, it was found that 600 were slain out∣right, 300 wounded, (most in their backs) and besides, 200 more crept into bushes, and ran away to save themselves; which afterwards were knockt on the head by Negro's and Mollatto's.

Upon this sad disaster, the Army that night drew up nearer the Spanish Fort, as if they intended some mighty matters; and having planted a Morter-Peice in a convenient plot of ground, and all things being ready to do execution on the Fort, upon a sudd••n the souldiers were ordered to draw off: so the Army without doing any thing, marched away to their old watering place in the Bay. To what intent and pur∣pose this was, I shall be silent, and leave it for others to judge.

The Army being come into the Bay, had not that supply of Victuals from the ships as formerly, but were necessitated by parties to go in the Woods to catch Cattel; which

many times cost them dear: for the Negro's instead of hunting Cows, would often∣times change their game, and breath them back again to their Quarters. These things brought the Army to such distress, that (fearing to fight for Food abroad) they ex∣ercised their Valour at home upon the Troop-horses belonging to their own Ar∣my: thus did they continue for some days, till a resolution was taken to imbark them, and with all speed to make for Jamaica. May the third day, (all the remaining part of the Army being shipped) without the least disturbance from the Spaniard, the Fleet set sail for the aforesaid Island. On the tenth of the same moneth, the whole Fleet cast Anchor in Jamaica Harbour, and quickly after possest themselves of Orista∣no the chief Town in the Island: here the Army having taken up their standing, began to plant (which since hath been and is like to prove a bad Neighbour to the adjacent Spanish Islands.) General Pen presently after returned for England, and was quick∣ly followed by General Venables, to give an account to the Court of the brave service they had performed for the honour of their Country; which pleased the Protector so

well, that he sent them both to the Tower of London.

This unfortunate Voyage to Hispaniola, cannot well be let pass without some small inspection into the miscarriage of the Acti∣on. Where there is want of Food, and Arms fitting for an Army, they must of necessity become a prey to their Enemies: neither of which were sufficiently provided for in the beginning, as they ought to have been. It hath been alwayes the policy of Conquerous, first to possess, and then to plant: but the Wives and Children in this expedition, shewed a confidence in the fruition, before they gained possession. Alexander at his entrance into the Wars of Persia, had but 35000 men; which pro∣ved sufficient to carry on his enterprise. By this we see, two thousand Cocks are better to fight then ten thousand Capons. But above all, if the spring be corrupted, the stream cannot run clear: Where covetous∣ness is at the root, the branches of a design are alwayes blasted: This made Achan prosper no better with his ill gotten gold. A General that will prohibit plundering in an Enemies Country, must resolve to do all the service himself: for Souldiers will

suffer him to win all, that must wear all.

To dwell longer on this lamentable lame Story, can be no way useful, unless it be to call to minde that excellent saying, Man proposeth, but God disposeth. There∣fore to sweeten the bitterness of the blow received in America, it will not be much amiss to recount brave Blakes successes in Affrica. Not long before Pen set saile for the unfortunate Islands, Blake set forth with a considerable Navy to scowre the Straights from Pirats which had much dam∣nified the English Merchants in their passage out of the Levant Sea. At first he beat about on the Spainsh Coast, in hopes to finde them roving abroad; but missing of his expectation, a sudden resolution was taken up to fire their nests, and consume their shipping in the very Harbors: to ef∣fect this, April 18. 1655. the Fleet appro∣ching near Tunis, General Blake sent to the Dye, demanding satisfaction for ships taken, and a speedy release of the poor English taken in them, from their present Captivity. To this Message such an arrogant Answer was returned by the imperious Turk, as very much enraged the English Sea-men; insomuch that after a small de∣bate,

it was concluded to revenge them∣selves on nine ships that lay in Porta Fe∣rino: the wind at present sitting fair, en∣couraged a present prosecution of the designed project, which was effected in this manner: At first, there entered the Harbour the Boats of every Ship man'd with resolute Sea-men; and then followed Blake himself in the Admiral, with the Vice-Admiral, and Rear-Admiral: These lying within Musket-shot of the Enemies Castle and Forts, plagued them perpetually with whole broad sides, until the Boats had utterly consumed the Turkish men of War, which were reduced to ashes in four hours time, with no more loss to the English, then 25 men slain, and 48 wounded. This may in part wipe off the blemish which stained Englands re∣putation in the former disastrous Expe∣dition.

At this time, the Lord Protector en∣deavouring to strengthen himself abroad, made an alliance with the Swede; the effects of which Peace have since been felt to purpose, in some parts of Europe. Then presently after, he constituted Ma∣jor-Generals, and divided England into

eleven parcels amongst them. The names of these Vice-Roys, and the Counties al∣lotted to every one's share, were as fol∣loweth:

Colonel Kelsey

• For Kent and Surry.

Col. Goff

• For Sussex, Hampshire and Berkshire.

Gen. Desbrow

• For Glocestershire, Wilts, Dorset, Somerset, Devon and Cornwal.

Lieutenant Gen. Fleetwood

• For Oxfordshire, Bucks, Hartford, Cam∣bridge, Isle of Ely, Essex, Norfolk and Suffolk.

Major Gen. Skippon

• For the City of London.

Com. Gen. Whaley

• For Lincolnshire, Nottingham, Derby, Warwick and Leicestershire.

Major Butler

• For Northamptonshire, Bedford, Rutland, and Huntington.

Col. Berry

• For Worcester, Hereford, Salop, and North-Wales.

Col. Wortley

• For Cheshire, Lancashire and Stafford∣shirre.

Lord Lambert

• For Yorkshire, Durham, Cumberland, Westmerland and Northumberland.

Col. Barkstead.

• For Westminster and Middlesex.

These Major-Generals in their respe∣ctive Provinces, did the Protector no small service, in forcing Delinquents to pay the Decimation of their Estates, which was imposed upon them by the Court (for the sins of their youth;) he very well knowing:

'Tis good for Princes to have all things fat, Except their subjects; but beware of that.

Yet this new device after a while grew troublesome to the grand Projector him∣self, who fearing they might in time eclipse his own greatness, (if continued) brought them down again to move in an inferiour Orb.

Another designe (of a far different na∣ture, but for like ends with the former) was about this time set on foot by the Prote∣ctor,

to wit, the re-admission of the Jews into this Nation. This people indeed were sometime Gods peculiar people, to whom pertained the adoption, and the Glory, and the Covenant, and the giving of the Law, and the service of God, and the promises: inso∣much that Moses thus expostulates with them; What Nation is there so great, who hath God so nigh unto them, as the Lord our God is in all things that we call upon him for? But as if all this had not been sufficient, it pleased God so far further to honour them, that of them, according to the flesh, Christ came; who although he were approved of God among them, by mi∣racles, wonders and signs, for their convi∣ction; Yet they entertained him with crucifixion, uttering this direful impreca∣tion thereupon, His bloud be upon us and our children. God took them at their word. For (not to mention what some affirm, that a bloudy issue hath ever since hereditarily descended upon them) not long after (ac∣cording to Christs prophecy) their City was destroyed, their Temple not on stone left upon another; and themselves ceasing to be a Nation, became (with Cain) Fugi∣tives, and Vagabonds upon the Earth;

having now, according to that prophecie of Hosea) been many dayes (yea many years) without a King, and without a Prince, and without a sacrifice, and without an image, and without an Ephod, and without a tera∣phim; being dispersed amongst all Nati∣ons, and hated by all people: remaining nevertheless in such a degree of contuma∣cious obduration, that here in England (whither some of them wandred) they crucified children in despight to (and de∣rision of) the name of Christ. For which, and other execrable practices, they were justly expelled this Nation by King Edward the first, in the year of Christs incarnation, 1291. And so willing were the people then to be rid of them, that for this Act of that King, the Commons in Parliament freely granted him a whole Fifteenth. Thus they were expulsed; and ever since (for the space of 364 years) they have been excluded, without the publike permis∣sion of so much as one Synagogue in Eng∣land.

But this our Protector having a large (I say not conscience, but) heart, and be∣ing of tender bowels, his charity extended so far, as to plead for the re-entertain∣ment

of these guests: to which purpose, he propounded it to several eminent Mini∣sters for their approbation; alleadging, that since there is a promise of their Con∣version, means must be used to that end, which is the preaching of the Gospel; and that cannot be had, except they be permitted to reside where the Gospel is preached. But (by his leave) when Gods good time is come, there shall not be means wanting to accomplish that work; which being of an extraordinary nature, is not like to be done by ordinary means. Besides, such was (then, and yet is) the temper of the people of England, so full of diversities in opinions, and reduced to such an indifferencie in matters of Religion, that it is more then probable, the number of their Proselytes would have exceeded that of our Converts.

But this is not all: for it seems our Pro∣tectors charity that we mentioned before, (according to the Proverb) began at home: he had a promise of 200000 l. from the Jews, in case he procured their Toleration here, as saith Mr. Prynne in his Narrative, p. 56. which sweet morsel he had swallow∣ed by thus gratifying them, had not the

design been opposed by Arguments as sharp as weapons of STEEL.

The War with Spain beginning now to wax warm, not onely under the Torrid Zone, but likewise Northwards of the Tropick; the Protector thought it best to annoy this Enemy in as many places as possible; which could not well be brought about without a Peace with France, which being effected, roome might be made for English Feet to tread Fle∣mish ground. The French at this time earnestly desired the same: for their chief minister of State Cardinal Mazarine saw every Champaign, how prejudicious it was to his Masters Affairs in Flanders (especially in besieging a Sea-Port Town) to be without correspondencie with Eng∣land. This gave the Protector not onely opportunity of making up the long con∣tinued feud that had been betwixt the two Nations, but to do it on very advantagi∣ous terms, wherein the French King was content to deny himself, in sending out of his Dominions his near relations the Stuarts; which kindness the Protector requited, with sending him 6000 Foot-Souldiers. Thus the alliance was con∣tracted.

The impediments that hindered Peace with France being past over, to the Pro∣tectors great content, he set himself wholy to a thorow prosecution of his Wars with Spain. For this purpose, the two Gene∣rals Blake and Montague, had with a strong Navie long beleaguered the Port of Cadiz by Sea, and with many provocations en∣deavoured to dare out an Enemy: but the grave-pac'd Spaniard durst not step one stride to drive the English from his coasts; but rather waited the lucky hour, when scarcity of provisions, or distress by wea∣ther would do the work to his hand, and save the Limbs and Lives of many good Catholicks which might miscarry in for∣cing the English farther off. But this piece of Policy little prevailed: for when the Fleet wanted water and other necessaries, the Generals found out a way to supply it, by sayling to the Bay of Wyers in Portugal, whence they were recruted; in the mean time, leaving behind Captain Stayner with a Squadron of seven Ships to have an eye on Cadiz.

Now it hapned that in the absence of the Generals, a stiff gale of wind forc't Stainer to ply it off to Sea, which brought him

upon the discovery of an excellent ob∣ject; it was the King of Spaines Plate-Fleet, richly laden with Gold, Silver, Pearl, and other good commodities new∣ly brought from the Indies. The Spani∣ards at the first sight of the English Fri∣gats, took them for Fisher-boats; which indeed they were, in a sense; for Captain Stainers work was to fish for gold; and now seeing so fair a shole swimming, he thought he would be sure to catch some considerable quantity, or lose his life in the attempt: wherefore with these three, the Speaker, Bridgwater, and Plymouth Fri∣gats, (the remaining part of the Squadron being driven to Leeward) he gallantly fell upon the Spanish great Galleons, which were seven in number; and plyed them so sore with great shot, that in few hours the whole Fleet was quite spoyled; one whereof was sunk, another burnt, two forc'd on ground, one run away, and two remained in the Conquerours hands, which were safely conveyed to England, and very joyfully received by the Pro∣tector, who set apart a particular day▪ to give God thanks for this good success.

The Protector being much necessitated

for money, and withal impatient to tarry longer for a Confirmation of his Dignity by the People, which although he could not obtain of the preceding Parliament, he hoped he might gain of another; this perswaded him to attempt once more a new Representative: Which being re∣solved upon, he issued out Writs for E∣lection throughout the three Nations.

But remembring the Speeches and carriage of some in the late Parliament; private intimation was given to certain persons in several Counties, to obstruct (if possible) their Election again in this ensuing Session: yet for all this, the ge∣nerality of people being swayed by re∣spect, made choyce of them they thought sit, and such as were most able to carry on the weighty affairs of the Common-wealth.

Septemb. 17. 1656, being appointed for the general meeting at Westminster, the Members accordingly made their ap∣pearance at the Parliament House, where they found (quite contrary to the ancient Priviledge of Parliament) that no Mem∣bers could▪ enter into the House, except they were first tyed up in a promise, Not

to act any thing prejudicial to the present Government. Many of the Members would not bite at this Bait, but rather chose to return home again, seeing they could not sit with a safe conscience. Those that entered the House, having made choyce of Sir Thomas Widdrington to be their Speaker, began to act an∣swerable to the Protectors own desire: which we shall see in its due place; mean time, take this ensuing Relation of General Blakes worthy exploit against the Spaniard.

Of all the desperate Attemps that ever were made in the World against an Ene∣my by Sea, this of noble Blakes is not in∣feriour to any: He lying upon the Spanish Coast, had intelligence given him, that the West-India Fleet were arrived at the Canary Islands, and put into the Bay of Sancta Cruz, on the Island of Tenariff. Upon this, the Fleet weighs Anchor on the 13 of April 1657. and by the 20th of the same Month, were fair in the Of∣fing of Sancta Cruz, where they discovered how bravely the Spanish Ships, (sixteen in number) were barricado'd in this Bay, where they lay in a manner Semi-circular.

Near to the mouth of this Haven, stands a Castle sufficiently furnished with great Ordinance, which threatned destructi∣on to any that durst enter without its leave into the Harbour: besides this, there stood seven Forts more, round about the Bay, with six, four, and three great Guns apiece, and united together by a Line of Communication from one Fort to ano∣ther, which was man'd with Musque∣teers. To make all safe, Don Diego Dia∣gues, General of the Spanish Fleet, was not idle, in making provision for the best defence of his Armado: he caused all the smaller ships to be mored close along the shoar, and the six great Galleons stood farther out at anchor, with their broad sides towards the Sea: It hapned at this time, there was a Dutch Merchants ship in the Bay; the Master whereof seeing the English ready to enter, and that a combate would presently be commenced, it made him fear that among all the blows that would be given, he could not avoyd some knocks; therefore to save himself, he went to Don Diego, and desired his leave to depart the Harbour: For (said he) I am very sure, Blake will presently be a∣mongst

you. To this, the resolute Don made no other Reply, but, Get you gone if you will, and let Blake come if he dares.

They that knew Blakes courage, could not but know it needless to dare him to an engagement; for himself was ever for∣ward enough to fight, especially when the honour of his Nation lay at stake: like himself were his Sea-men, who never questioned Commands, but readily ran upon the most desperate attemps: which sheweth, that courage in a Commander, in∣fuseth activity in the Souldiers; as here it did in an eminent manner: for Gen. Blake having seen his Enemy, presently called a Council of Officers to contrive the best way for carrying on the present exploit. In this Council of War, Glory quite ecli∣psed hazard; so that little else was discour∣sed upon, but a quick Execution, which quite buryed difficulty in Oblivion. All things being ordered for fight, a Squadron of Ships was drawn out of the whole Fleet to make the first Onset: these were com∣manded by Captain Stainer, in the Speaker Frigat; who no sooner had received Orders, but immediately he flew into the Bay with his canvas wings, and by eight in the

morning fell pell-mell upon the Spainsh Fleet, without the least regard to the Forts, that spent their shot prodigally upon him. No sooner were these entered into the Bay, but Blake following after, placed cer∣tain Ships to pour broad sides into the Castle and Forts; these played their parts so well, that after some time the Spaniards found their Forts too hot to be held. In the mean time, Blake strikes in with Stainer, and bravely fought the Spanish Ships, which were not much inferiour in number to the English, but in men they were far the superior. Here we see, a resolute bra∣very many times may carry the day, and make number lie by the Lee: this was manifest; for by two of the Clock in the after-noon, the English had beaten their Enemies out of their Ships.

Now Blake seeing an impossibility of carrying them away, he ordered his men to fire their prizes: which was done so ef∣fectually, that all the Spanish Fleet were re∣duced to ashes, except two Ships that sunk downright, nothing remaining of them above water, but some part of their masts.

The English having now got a compleat

victory, were put to another difficulty by the wind, which blew so strong into the Bay, that many despaired of getting out again. But Gods providence was mi∣raculously seen, in causing the wind upon the sudden to vere about to the South∣west (a thing not known in many years before) which brought Blake and his Fleet safe to Sea again, notwithstanding the Spa∣niards from the Castle played their great Guns perpetually upon them as they passed by. The wind, as it proved a friend to bring the English forth, so it continued to carry them back again to their former station near to Cadiz.

Should we compare the vastness of this attempt with the diminutive loss the English received, it may go near to raise in∣credulity in the Reader. However, it must not be past over in silence. All the men that Blake had slain in this fight, which lasted from eight in the morning to seven at night, were but 48•• and one hundred and twenty wounded. On the Spanish side, all was lost that could be lost, their whole Fleet being quite destroyed; so that the English gain was nothing but Honour, which ever attended Blakes attempts.

For this good service, the Protector at the Parliaments desire sent this worthy Commander a Ring worth five hundred pounds, and presently after Capt. Stainer came to England that his Ship might be new fitted for the Sea, which gave the Protector a fair opportunity to clap on his shoulders a whole Knighthood, which ser∣ved to satisfie for all his brave services.

The Protector, according to a private agreement with France, prapared a Bri∣gade of Foot to joyn with the French Army under Command of Marshal Turin, that so both together might fall into Flan∣ders against the Spaniards. The English Forces designed for this service, were 6000. many of them old Souldiers, but most new raised men; over whom Sir John Reynolds was made Commander in Chief, and Col. Morgan Major-General (who af∣terwards was Knighted by the Lord Ri∣chard Cromwel for his eminent service) these being provided with all necessaries for a march, were rendezvoused on Black-Heath; from whence they marched away to the Sea-side, and were immediately transported over to Bulloin in Picardy. At their landing, the Souldiers had all new

Red-Coats, distributed amongst them, which made such a glistering show, that the French King said he never before saw the like sight. About the later end of October 1657. the English were advanced into the Spanish Territories; and being joyned with Turin, the whole Army sate down before Mardike-Fort lying about two miles from Dunkirk. This place was looked upon to be of great importance, and might much conduce to the taking in of Dunkirk it self, (as afterwards it pro∣ved.) The French and English having be∣leaguered this strong place, did not lie long before they reduced it to a surrender up∣on Composition; so that it was delivered up wholly into the possession of the Eng∣lish. But presently after (the French be∣ing withdrawn into winter-Quarters) came a strong body of Spaniards, and made a fierce Camisado upon the Fort, hoping to give the English little joy in their new Conquest; but it fell out quite otherwise: for the assailants were stoutly repulsed, and inforc't to flee, having lost in the attempt several brave Commanders.

The Protectors forraign affairs stand∣ing in a posture answerable to his desires,

his domestick designes at the same time did likewise very well correspond thereun∣to: for the Parliament having sate near nine Months, had in this time past many Acts which crowned the Protectors▪hopes so fully, that more could not have been desired by him, nor well granted by them. For first, out of a deep sence of his loss (should such a design as bold Syndercomb's take effect) they made provisions for the security of his Highness Person, wherein it was Enacted High Treason, for any to attempt, compass, or imagine the Protectors death.

This Act having pared the claws of cho∣lerick humours at home, in three whoops more, the Title of Charls Stuart, &c. was utterly defunct. And besides this, (to answer the end for which they were cal∣led) round sums of money were gran∣ted to carry on the Spanish War (not∣withstanding his Highness late Conquests in the Indies) that so the Protector might with more facility bang the legs of that long-limb'd Enemy. The Acts made for this purpose, were these that follow:

	Per	Mens.
An Act for an Assesment up∣on England, for three Months, at the rate of	60000	l.
On Scotland, for three Months, at	05000	l.
On Ireland, for three Months; at	05000	l.
On England, Scotland and Ireland for three years:
England to pay	35000	l.
Scotland,	06000	l.
Ireland,	09000	l.
An Act for continuing of Tunnage and Poundage.
An Act for preventing the multiplicity of buildings in and about the Suburbs of London, and within ten miles there∣of: a whole years Revenue to be pre∣sently payd, for dwelling or out-Houses that had been reared upon new Foun∣dations since the year 1620.
An Act for Excise of merchandize impor∣ted; Hobby-Horses, Childrens Rattles, and old shirts not exempted.

These, with many more, being: at once presented to the Protector for his con∣sent,

were by him passed; at which time he made this short Speech to the Parliaments Speaker.

I perceive, that among these many Acts of Parliament, there hath been a very great care had by the Parliament to provide for the just and necessary support of the Com∣monwealth, by these Bills for levying of money now brought to me, which I have gi∣ven my consent unto: and understanding it hath been the practice of those who have been chief Governours, to acknowledge with thanks to the Commons, their care and re∣gard of the Publike, I do very heartily and thankefully acknowledge their kindness herein.

The Protectors thanks for this, could do no less then animate the Parliament to compleat the great work they were about for settlement of the Nation. This bu∣siness had been dayly debated, and was almost brought to perfection, when on a sudden, a Petition was ushered into the House by a worthy Citizen of London, to have his Highness one Tittle higher in his Title. Hereupon, the great Machine of

Englands Government, called the Petiti∣on and Advice, was hastened away to the Protectors view, with a desire that his Highness would be pleased to magnifie himself with the Title of KING. Alas! what thing more averse to his nature could be presented to him, then this? It was not to sit in high places, that made him undertake the Government, but rather to be a Servant to his Countrey: Mo∣narchie he knew was as odious to the Army, as (according to the proverb) com∣parisons among the people; and there∣fore he could not look upon this other∣ways then as a Temptation to try the strength of his resolution against that which before had like to have wrackt the peoples Liberties; which (said he) un∣doubtedly had fallen out, had not he stept into the sea of bloud, and with in∣vincible Arms preserved the Ship of State from those Piratical inchroachers that were ready to board her. Yet to do no∣thing unadvisedly, nor without mature de∣liberation, his Highness took time to re∣turn the Parliament this positive answer (to their liquorish desire) which he with much meekness gave them in the Painted

Chamber, in these words: That he could not undertake the Government with the Title of King. Upon this, the Parliament voted that Protector should be the stile of the chief Magistrate.

All things being now brought to matu∣rity in the Petition and Advice, and no∣thing wanting to make it a Law, but onely the Protectors condescention; a Com∣mittee was sent to desire a Conference with his Highness: which he granted, and appointed the place of meeting to be in the Painted Chamber. May 25. 1657. his Highness (attended by his chief Of∣ficers) came accordingly; and there the Speaker Sir Thomas Widdrington, presented him with the Parliaments Petition and Advice; the substance whereof was as followeth:

1. That his Highness under the Ti∣tle of Lord Protector, would be plea∣sed to exercise the office of chief Ma∣gistrate over England, &c. and to go∣vern according to all things in this Peti∣tion and Advice: also, that in his life∣time he would appoint the Person that

should succeed in the Government after his death.

2. That he would call Parliaments con∣sisting of two Houses, once in three years at farthest.

3. That those Persons who are legally chosen by a free election of the people to serve in Parliament, may not be exclu∣ded from doing their duties, but by con∣sent of that House whereof they are Members.

4. In the fourth, was shewn the qua∣lifications of Parliament-Members.

5. In the fifth, the Power of the other House.

6. That the Lawes and Statutes of the Land be observed and kept; and no Laws altered, suspended, abrogated, repealed, or new Law made, but by Act of Parliament,

7. For a constant yearly revenue, ten hundred thousand pounds to be set∣tled for maintenance of the Navy and Army, and three hundred thousand pounds for support of the Government, besides

other temporary supplies, as the Commons in Parliament shall see the necessities of the Nations to require.

8. That the number of the Protectors Council shall not be above one and twenty; whereof the Quorum to be seven, and not under.

9. The chief Officers of State, as Chan∣cellors, Keepers of the great Seal, &c. to be approved of by Parliament.

10. That his Highness would encou∣rage a Godly Minstery in these Nations; and that such as do revile or disturb them in the Worship of God, may be punished according to Law; and where the Lawes are defective, new ones to be made in that behalf.

11. That the Protestant Christian Religion, as it is contained in the Old and New Testaments, be asserted and held forth for the publike profession of these Nations, and no other; and that a Con∣fession of Faith be agreed upon and recommended to the people of these Na∣tions; and none be permitted by words or

writings to revile or reproach the said Con∣fession of Faith, &c.

This is the sum of the most material matters contained in the Parliaments Ad∣vice; which the Protector liked very well, and was resolved to follow; yet with much reluctancy in himself, considering the great burthen that was to be borne upon his shoulders, which he had rather any man should bear then himself: but being it was the pleasure of Parliament that none but he must be the buckler to defend Englands Priviledges, he past their Petiti∣on, and declared unto the whole Assem∣bly, as followeth:

That he came thither that day, not as to a Triumph, but with the most serious thoughts that ever he had in all his Life, being to undertake one of the greatest bur∣thens that ever was laid upon the back of any humane creature; so that without the support of the Almighty, he must sinke under the weight of it, to the damage and prejudice of these Nations. This being

so, he must ask help of the Parliament, and of those that fear God, that by their prayers he might receive assistance from God: for nothing else could enable him to the discharge of so great a duty and trust.

That seeing this is but an Introducti∣on to the carrying on of the Government of these Nations, and there being many things which cannot be supplied without the assistance of Parliament, it was his duty to ask their help in them; not that he doubted: for the same Spirit that had led the Parliament to this, would easily suggest the same to them. For his part, nothing would have induced him to take this unsupportable burthen to flesh and blood, but that he had seen in the Parliament a great care in doing those things, which might really answer the ends that we have engaged for, and make clearly for the liberty of the Nations, and of the Interest and preservation of all such as fear God under various Forms. And if these Nations be not

thankful to them for their care therein, it will fall as a sin on their heads.

Yet there are some things wanting that tend to reformation, to the discountenan∣cing vice, & the encouragement of vertue: but he spake not this as in the least doubt∣ing their progress, but as one that doth heartily desire, to the end God may Crown their work, that in their own time, and with what speed they judge fit, these things may be provided for.

This Speech being ended, the Members returned again to the House: and in few dayes after, the Speaker received a Letter from the Protector, desiring the Parlia∣ment to adjourn their sitting till further time. Hereupon, the speedy Inauguration of his Highness was concluded upon. Ac∣cordingly, June 26. 1657. all things being prepared in Westminster. Hall for this great solemnity, the Protector (about two of the clock in the after-noon) went by wa∣ter to the Lords House; and after some short retirement into a room near the Painted Chamber, he came forth, atten∣ded

by the chief Grandees of his Court: all these being marshalled into Ranks and Files, marched away with his Highness to the place appointed in Westminster-Hall; where the Protector having taken his standing, under a cloath of Estate, the Spea∣ker (Sir Thomas Widdrington) in the name of the Parliament presented to him a Robe of Purple-Velvet lined with Ermines, a Bible, a Sword, and a Scepter, (all which were precious tokens of the Parliaments favor) at the delivery of these things, the Speaker made a short Com∣ment upon them to the Protector, which he divided into four parts, as fol∣followeth.

1. The Robe of Purple, this is an embleme of Magistracy, and imports Righ∣teousness and Justice: When you have put on this Vestment, I may say you are a Gown-man. This Robe is of a mixt colour, to shew the mixture of Justice and Mercy. Indeed, a Magistrate must have two hands: Plectentem, & am∣plectentem.

2. The Bible is a Book that con∣tains

the Holy Scriptures, in which you have the happiness to be well vers'd. This Book of Life consists of two Testa∣ments, the Old and New: the first is Christum Velatum; in the second, is Christum Revelatum: it is a Book of Books, and doth contain both Pre∣cepts and Examples for good Govern∣ment.

3. Here is a Scepter, not unlike a staff: for you are to be a staff to the weak and poor: it is of antient use in this kind. It's said in Scripture, that the Scepter shall not depart from Judah. It was of like use in other King∣doms: Homer the Greeke Poet calls Kings and Princes, Scepter-Bearers.

4. The last thing is a Sword, not a Military, but Civil Sword; it is a Sword rather of defence then offence; not to defend yourself onely, but others also. If I might presume to fix a Motto upon this Sword, it should be this: Ego sum domini Protectoris, ad protegendum populum meum.

This Speech being ended, the Speaker took the Bible, and gave the Protector his Oath: afterwards, Mr. Manton made a prayer, wherein he recommended the Protector, Parliament, Council, the For∣ces by Land and Sea, Government, and people of the three Nations, to the Pro∣tection of God. Which being ended, the Heralds by sound of Trumpet proclaimed his Highness Protector of England, Scot∣land and Ireland, and the Dominions there∣unto belonging: requiring all persons to yeeld him due obedience. At the end of all, the Protector with his Train returned (a joyful man, no doubt) to White-Hall, and the Members to the Parliament-House, where they prorogued their sitting to the next January.

There is no humane joy free from the mixture of some sorrow; yea, many times it falleth out to be equivalent to (if not superabounding) the joy it self. So it fell out here: for though the Protector might rejoyce at this acquisition of a Scepter, yet the death of General Blake (like a dish of cold water cast into the boyling Pot of his rising fortunes) could do no less then mitigate the heat of it, and

cover the Courts countenance▪ with a Cypress Vail.

This noble Blake in the beginning of Englands distractions, sufficiently testi∣fied a high resolution, in his almost mira∣culous defending of Lime and Taunton against the furie of Prince Maurice and the Lord Gorings Armies. Afterwards, the worth of this inestimable great Com∣mander being taken notice of in Parlia∣ment, they resolved, it should not long lie hid at home, but shew it self abroad; and therefore he was advanced to be one of their Generals at Sea. At his en∣terance into this Office, he pent up Prince Rupert in the chief Port of Por∣tugal, and hunted him from Sea to Sea, till he had reduced those ships with him, which before had revolted from the Parliament.

This was but petty Play, to after-La∣bours: For no sooner did the quarrel be∣gin between the two Re-publikes, England, and the United Provinces, but Blake was the first that resisted their arrogancie in the Downs; and ever after continued a for∣tunate Vindicator of his Countreys Privi∣ledges, from the incroachments of insul∣ting Neighbours. The last part he ever

acted in a Sea of blood, was against the Spaniards at Sancta Cruz; here with 25 Sail, he fought (as it were in a ring) with seven Forts, a Castle, and 16 ships, many of them being of greater force then most of those ships Blake carryed in against them: yet in spite of opposition, he soon calcined the Enemy, and brought his Fleet back again to the Coast of Spain full fraught with honour. But what Commander is able to repel the stroaks of Death? This is he that doth conquer the Conquerours, and level the Honours of the mightiest Monarchs with the meanest Captains: there is no withstand∣ing his force; for all must fall; Blake him∣self is compel'd to strike the top-sail and yeeld, now death hath got the weather∣gage of his crasie body; so that being no longer able to hold out, he expired at the entrance into Plymouth.

He was a man wholly devoted to his Countreys Service; resolute in his under∣takings, and most faithful in the perfor∣mance: with him, valour seldom mist its re∣ward, nor cowardize its punishment. When news was brought him of a metamor∣phosis in the State at home, he would then

incourage the Sea-men to be most vigi∣lant abroad: for (said he,) 'Tis not our duty to minde State-Affairs, but to keep For∣reigners from fooling us. In all his Ex∣peditions, the wind seldom deceived him, but most an end stood his friend; especi∣ally in his last undertaking at the Canary Islands. To his last, he lived a single life, never being espoused to any but his Countreys quarrels. As he lived bravely, he dyed gloriously, and was buryed in Henry the Seventh's Chappel; yet enjoy∣ing at this time no other Monument, but what is reared by his Valour; which Time it self can hardly deface.

The Lord Protector having now en∣sured his own Greatness, he thought it good to confer Titles of Honour upon his Children; and to that purpose sent his Son Henry into Ireland with the Title of Lord Deputy. This young Gentleman in his Government ruled with so much dis∣cretion, that in small time he had brought that disordered Nation into the most hopeful condition of a flourishing State. But a grand Catastrophe afterwards fal∣ling upon the Cromwels Government, his Authority reverted into the hands of a subsequent Parliament.

The time of the prorogation of the present Parliament being expired, the Members appeared again at Westminster the 20th of January 1657. and did pre∣sently receive into the House their fel∣low-Members which the Protector had before secluded from sitting in the first Session of this Parliament. This they did, upon the fourth Article of the Peti∣tion and Advice, by which, no Members legally chosen, should be excluded from per∣formance of their duty, but by consent of Parliament.

In this interval of the Parliaments sit∣ting, the Protector had provided his Peers which were to make up the other House, who accordingly took Seats in the Lords House: but with so much regret to the House of Commons, whose com∣plexion was quite changed from what it had been formerly, that now they would not own the work of their creation, but looked upon it as a by-blow, a thing by chance, or a Pageant Parliament set up on purpose to mock them. In this surly hu∣mour the Protector let them run on for near a fortnight together; till at last they made his Highness wince with handling

his Prerogative-Royal; which he being not able to endure, in a fume flew from White-Hall to the House of Lords; and having sent for the Commons before him, he told them, That it concerned his in∣terest, as much as the Publike Peace and Tranquillity, to terminate this Parliament; and therefore he did now put an end to their sitting. Thus he blew them away with a sudden puff of winde from his mouth.

But now comes into play a terrible Plot; no less place then London was to be fired, and in the hurly-burly of confusion that it would make, must the Tower be taken, the Mews seized, and all the Soul∣diers about the City be sacrificed to the fury of—The Protector being well acquainted with these kinde of machinati∣ons, knew very well how to stifle them in the birth; and therefore he sent pre∣sently for the Mayor, Aldermen and Common-Councel of the City of London, to forewarne them of the approaching danger, and to Commissionate their Militia to raise Forces for security of the City, and by their vigilancy to counter-plot these Plotters. Upon this, many persons were apprehended, a High Court of Ju∣stice

erected, and Sir Henry Slingsby, Dr. Hewyt, Mr. Mordant, and many inferi∣our fellows who were to have been Com∣manders in the execution of this design, were brought to Trial. Sir Henry Slingsby and the Doctor were both condemned to loose their Heads upon Tower-Hill; and six others (of the meaner sort) were adjudged to be hanged, drawn and quar∣tered: but of these, onely three suffered: one in Tower-Street, another in Cheap∣side, and the third before the Exchange in London. For the procuring of Sir Henry Slingsby and Dr. Hewyts Pardon, great en∣deavors were used: the Ministers of London petitioned the Protector for the Doctors life, and many great persons for the Knights: But the Protectors ears were deaf to all intreaties made in their behalf; so that nothing could satisfy his anger, but the lives of those two considerable persons.

Prodigies in nature, as they are seldom seen, so when they happen, are sure pre∣sages and fore-tokens of alterations that shall fall out in the place where they do appear. At this time, June 2. 1658. ar∣rived an ominous Whale in the River of

Thames, (not to do Homage to his High∣ness (this was a fond conceit) as one would have it) but rather to forewarn him of his end (which not long after happened.) This fish, contrary to its nature, which is to return to Sea when it sents the fresh wa∣ter, came swimming up the River against the tide as far as Greenwich, where it was taken, and found to be fifty eight foot in length, and every way proportiona∣ble.

Flanders being the Scoene of War, wherein the united Forces of England and France did intend this Champaign to act mighty matters; in the beginning of May, D'Aumont a French Marshal, ho∣ping to get a good bargain, turns Mer∣chant, and trucks for Ostend. Mony, as it over-turns all things, was at this time made use of to corrupt the Noble blood of the Souldiers of that Garison, and make them turn Traytors to this their trust: but the sequel will shew how far honesty is above treachery. The Chief Factor that drove on this bargain, was one Colonel Spindeler: he having ac∣quainted the Governour of Calice that Ostend was to be sold, this Monsieurs

mouth presently watered at the motion, and therefore acquaints the Court how a rich commodity was how offered to sale at a cheap rate. The French Grandees pre∣sently bite at the bait, little doubting the hook was daub'd over with this pretty pre∣tence, that the Governour, Magistrates and Citizens of Ostend, being grieved at the English keeping their Coast blockt up with Ships, to rid themselves of this continual trouble, they would rather be under France, then remain any longer in their present condition. This motion being made, they came to a price, and agreed upon a good round sum of mony, which Marshal D'Aumont was appointed to pay, and take possession of the place at a time agreed on. He being well apaid in the imployment, slily slipt from Calice with three Ships fraught with Souldiers, and soon after fell in amongst a Squadron of English Ships commanded by Vice-Admiral Goodson, then lying near Ostend. The English Commander seeing how confident these the Protectors Confede∣rates were in the design they went a∣bout, was willing to assist them with Sea-men, the better to facilitate their

landing. Whil'st D'Aumont was preparing to enter the Town according to agree∣ment, the Spaniards within (being a cour∣teous Nation where they take affection) were very active in making preparati∣ons for the entertainment of their French Guests: to this end, the Governour of Ostend caused the Inhabitants to keep their Houses, and not to stir from thence till they heard the Bells Ring in the Ci∣ty Steeple: then the great Church, and Capuchin Friars Church, with many more secret places, were crowded with clusters of Souldiers; these were to give the French a Spanish Fig at their landing. All things being in readiness on both sides, May the 4th in the morning, some of the French-men (that were before received into the Town) went out and invited their Countrey-men to come in. D'Au∣mont upon this, and the sight of white Colours placed upon the Walls, (for De∣coys,) did not in the least distrust, but took all to be gold that glister'd. Hereupon, the tide beginning to serve, about ten in the morning, four French Vessels, a ship of Dover, and six or seven Boats from the English ships, sailed into the Haven;

and presently the French: landing upon the Keys, were in a trise drawn up in Battalia. Upon this, certain Spanish Of∣ficers went to enquire for the money that was promised them: to which the French returned answer, That it was ready in one of their ships. This being▪ as much as could be expected, the Officers returned into the Town again, and immediately shewed the French an a la mode trapanning trick; for the great Guns from two Bat∣teries (one of which was mounted with twelve, the other with eight,) let slie their murthering shot upon the poor French Foot; and to compleat their misery, the Bells rung (as before appointed) which brought the Souldiers and Towns-men about their ears. The French now (when it was too late) seeing how hard a bar∣gain they were like to have, made some small ••••ir at the beginning: but finding it fruitless to resist, they layd down their Arms, and submitted on quarter. Thus much for the taking of Ostend.

The slie Spaniard having thus slurred their Enemy, it raised in the French an unquenchable thirst of revenge; and therefore to quit scores, the whole French

and English Armies joyned together, re∣solving to wreak their wrath upon the Town of Dunkirk. This place may be called, The Key of Flanders, it being a Sea-Port-Town, and (of all men) best known to English Merchants, whose ships were frequently carryed prize into it. But now to put a finit to their infinite Losses, a formidable Siege was framed before it, which hotly alarm'd the Spa∣niards in all their Quarters.

Hereupon, Don John of Austria takes these two things into serious considerati∣on: first, the importance of the place: for its Situation, it was a Key to Flanders, a frontier to France (next after Grave∣ling) and a certain: supply of moneys, by continual booties brought in thither by his men of War. On the other side, should he lose Dunkirk, the English (in whose possession it would be put) had a door opened, and fit opportunity to bid fair for all Flanders; here might an Ar∣my be landed from England, and from hence incursions made to the Walls of Bruxels, Mean time, the Spanish Ports, Newport and Ostend, could expect no less then to be perpetually infested by men

of war; which would utterly spoyl their Trade, and ruine the Inhabitants: these and such like considerations mounted Don John upon fixt resolutions to under∣take the relief of Dunkirk, though it were to the hazard of his whole Army.

Mean while, the Confederate Forces beleaguering this strong place, did in a small time (working like Moles) run their Trenches to the Spanish Counterscarpe; and still encroaching upon the Wall, they promised fair to a speedy accomplishment of their Design. These things were well known to the Spanish Army, who now saw the relief of Dunkirk would admit of no delay; for were it not speedily ac∣complished, the Town of necessity must lie prostrate to the Enemies mercie. The bettter to effect which therefore, Don John the Spanish General having drained his Garisons to fill up his Army, suddenly advanced with 15000 men to the relief of his distressed friends; these by a swift march through Fuernes, quickly seated themselves upon some sandy Hills within an English mile and a half of Turine the French Generals Camp. The report of the Enemies near advance, made both

the French and English Officers consult up∣on the best course that could be taken to repel the Force that now sate upon their Skirts, indeavor to frustrate their la∣bours in the present Siege, and render it fruitless. Time for consultation being short, (for it was on the over-night) they agreed unanimously to give the Spaniards the next morning a warm breakfast. All this night, the Officers of both Nations were very active to provide for the ensuing acti∣on; the Army being found sufficient to fight a Field Battel, and at the same time to keep the besieged from ranging abroad. For this service most of the English were drawn from their entrenchment; and be∣ing joyned to the French Horse, they marched against the Enemy. In the morn∣ing both Armies being come near toge∣ther, it was perceived, the Spaniards posture was rather Defensive then Offen∣sive: but the English Commanders know∣ing it was no time to dally, and being desirous withall to shew the discipline of their own Country, (which is to make seeing and fighting all one) did presently mount the Sand-Hills with a forsorn of three hundred Musquetiers commanded

by Captain Devaux: after these followed that courageous Commander Lieutenant-Col. Fenwick, with the Lord General Lockharts Regiment. The Spaniards per∣ceiving that the resolution of these men was by degrees to creep within them, did as highly resolve to keep them off at the Armes end, by pouring down perpetual vollies of great and small shot.

General Lockhart knowing what: du∣ty belonged to his Office, did here shew the part of a noble Commander: for finding the French unwilling to enter, now the English had opened the gap; and on the other side, seeing the gal∣lantry of his own Regiment, who al∣though they could no longer gain ground, yet still kept their station, notwithstand∣ing they were exposed to the enemies as∣saults, he caused a considerable Brigade of fresh men to re-inforce those that had first born the brunt of the Battle. This Re∣serve (through Gen. Lockhart's care) coming in time to the relief of their tired fellows, made no long delay, but fell into the Spanish foot with the butt-end of their Musquets; who not being able to withstand their courage, left the Field,

and fled towards Fuernes. The French Horse seeing the good success of the English Foot, did likewise make a charge upon the Spanish Cavalry, who being disheartned with the routing of their In∣fantry, thought it their safest course to run after them. But the French shew∣ed excellent valour in pursuit: for the day being won, none durst stand in their way: the poor Spaniards were sadly handled by them, and hew'd down on all sides. Being extreamly scatter'd in their flight, both the English and French were put to the trouble of gleaning for Prisoners, which at last were found to be 800 Offi∣cers, and about 2000 private Souldiers. How many were slain, is uncertain: for the Conquerours not being willing to loose time in numbering them, made hast hack again in triumph to their former siege.

To particularize in setting forth the gallantry thus expressed on the En∣glish side in this encounter, would cause me to exceed my wonted brevity: let it therefore suffice to give an instance thereof in the personal valour of two on∣ly; viz. Col. sones, and Major General

Drummond a Scotch-man, who were most eminent therein: these two Gentle∣men came at first to Dunkirk only to satisfy their curiosity; but this fight hap∣ning in the time of their stay, it raised in them a noble resolution to be no longer idle Spectators, but brave partakers in their Country-mens labors. For Col. Jones his part, he at the first onset charged on foot with Lieutenant-Colonel Fenwick; and after mounting a Horse, fell so desperately on the Spaniards, that being too far en∣gaged amongst them, he was made their Prisoner; but afterwards being exchang∣ed, the Protector made him Knight and Baronet in recompence of his valour. Major General Drummond's spirit being little inferiour to the best in the Field, be∣haved himself with much bravery; which was so much the more, by how much the less he was concerned in the Quarrel; no obligation inducing him to venture his life, except it were the present engagement of some friends that bound him (through re∣spect to them) to partake of their dangers; which afterwards proved his own death: for in the beginning of the fight, his Horse was shot under him; and presently after,

having mounted a second, he was by an unhappy push of a Pike dismounted again; yet still prosecuting the service more then minding his own safety, he received a desperate wound that brought him to the grave.

But now to return: The Army having vanquished the Relievers, did renew their attempts with extraordinary vigor upon the Town of Dunkirk. The Marquess de Leda (Governour thereof) seeing how hardly he was beset, could not contain himself within the narrow compass of his own Walls, but having a desire to beat up the French mens Quarters, he suddenly sallied out of the Town with a strong Party; but alas, all proved to no purpose; the Fates cannot be withstood: neither was he free from errour in the attempt. For as if in a natural body (upon ap∣prehension of danger) the vital spirits retire to the heart, life is preserved; but if they forsake that, and depart to the extremities, death ensues: so this Don (being the life of the rest, as indeed all Generals and Governours are to their Ar∣mies or Garisons) sallying out in person (that should have been encouraging those

in the Town) procured his own death; and the miscarriage of his design; therein shew∣ing more valour then discretion. For up∣on his death, a cold damp seized upon the Dunkirkers, who seeing what prodigious Balls of fire were flung out of the English Morter Pieces into the Town, were sore∣ly terrified thereby; and so much the more, in regard of their not being ac∣customed to such stratagems; his Holiness the Pope having prohibited the use of Granado's amongst his Catholikes, to prevent burning of Churches. Conside∣ring therefore that the longer they stood out, the harder would be their termes; And seeing all hope of relief by Land was lost, the Sea secured against them, and daily discouragements arising every way; therefore, to prevent further inconve∣niences, the Spaniards desired a present Capitulation; which being easily granted, it was agreed that the Town should be surrendered upon these following Ar∣ticles:

1. That the Town should be yeelded up, with all the great Guns, their stores of Victuals, Magazine of Arms and Am∣munition,

without any imbezelment.

2. The Officers and Souldiers to march out with Drums beating, Colours flying, two Pieces of Ordnance, and their Bag∣gage.

3. That they should have the liberty to march with a Convoy to conduct them to S. Omers.

4. The Inhabitants to remain indemni∣fied in their Persons and Goods, and to enjoy their former Customs and Privi∣ledges for two years, and not to be molested touching the exercise of their Religion.

These Articles being ratified by the King of France; this strong Town of Dunkirk was delivered up into the hands of the English, by the King of France and Cardinal in Person, upon Tuesday, June 25. 1658. The Spaniards at the same time quitting it, there marched out one thousand horse and foot; and seven hun∣dred more, that had been wounded in the siege, followed after, as their strength gave them leave: The English having possession of the Town, found in it 140 great Guns, all Brass except eight, with Ammunition and Provision sufficient to

maintain it for a great while longer then it was kept.

The Naisby Frigat riding Admiral of the English Fleet in Dunkirk road, at that time when the Town was delivered up, Cardinal Mazarin's curiosity was whetted with reports of this stately Ship, insomuch that he desired to give her a visit: which General Mountague un∣destanding, he invited the Cardinal and other French Lords aboard: they all most readily accepted of it, and returned many complements (which the French are never unprovided of) for the singular favour of∣fered them. The time appointed being come, the Cardinal in his Pontificali∣bus, with a great Train of Noble-men, went in Boats, to see the Ship: at his lanching forth, the English Frigats, in the bravest equipage they possibly could be put, saluted him with the roaring noise of great Guns, so continuing firing as he past by them. Approaching near the Nais∣by, the English General with many Of∣ficers and Gentlemen met him in their Boats, and conducted him aboard. His Eminency and the rest being landed in this floating Island, the General treated

them with a noble Banquet, at which the Cardinal shewed so much abstemiousness, that of all the varieties provided for his entertainment, he tasted little, and onely drank of Rhenish Wine: afterwards Ge∣neral Montague shewed him all the parts and places of this excellent ship; which so highly pleased the Cardinal, that he protested, Of all the sights he ever saw, none in his life pleased him like this. With this great satisfaction he returned again to the Shore; and as at his comming, (for a welcome) so again at his departure, all the Men of War gave him their broad sides for a farewel.

The yeer gliding thus away in Victo∣ries and Triumphs, Dunkirk inforc'd to grow under the shade of the English Oake, and all prospering so well in Flan∣ders, as if Mars himselfe had born the English Banners, caused endearing con∣gratulations mutually to pass between the Protector and his Cozens of France. The Lord Fawconbridge being made one of the blood by Matrimony, carryed the first complement to Calice, and there pre∣sented it to the King; which was quickly after returned back again by Monsieur

Mancini nephew to Cardinal Mazarine, and the Duke de Crequi: these arrived at London to present their respects; which having done, they returned with high satisfaction. These being departed, a∣nother far-less-welcom Messenger arrived at the English Court, even Death it self, who came to require of our great Crom∣wel what was his due by Nature. Him no Arguments can perswade, nor Policies evade: here Prayers and Tears prevail not, neither can money bribe him: Promises of Preferment signifie nothing, with him; for he lays all earthly Honour in the dust. His fatal Sickle cuts down all.

The first Symptomes of this great mans last sickness, appeared presently upon the death of his Daughter Cleypole; whose end is thought by many to have hastened his dissolution. About the beginning of October, his distemper discovered it self to be an Ague; which conspiring with a combination of other malignant distem∣pers, so depressed his vitals, that he fell into many Trances, before his final exit; the intervals of which (wherein he gained some repose) he spent in conferences with Dr. Owen, Dr. Goodwin, and several other

Divines, and with his Privie Counsellors; with these, about the Succession here; with the other, about his own possession here∣after. To succeed him in the Protectorship he appointed his eldest Son Richard.

In the evening before his departure, he was heard to pray thus.

Lord, I am a miserable Crea∣ture, yet I am in Covenant with thee through grace; and I may, I will come unto thee for thy peo∣ple. Lord, thou hast made me (though very unworthy) a mean Instrument to do them some good, and thee service; and many of them had too high value of me, though others would be glad of my fall: but Lord, howso∣ever thou disposest of me, do good for them. Give consistencie of

Judgment, one heart, and mutual love unto them. Let the name of Christ be glorious through∣out the world. Teach those who look with much affection to thy Instrument, to depend more upon thee. Pardon such as delight to trample upon the ashes of a worm: for they are thy people too: And Pardon the folly of this short Prayer, even for Jesus Christ his sake.

Afterwards his sickness violently in∣creasing upon him, it separated his soul from his body on Friday the third of Sep∣tember 1658. near three of the clock in the afternoon: death then became a Conquerour, and overcame him, that be∣fore had vanquished the Scotch Armies twice on the same day of the year.

The Corpse, presently after his ex∣piration, being embalmed, and wrapped up

in a Sheet of Lead, was on the twenty sixt of September, about ten at night, private∣ly removed from White-Hall in a mourning Herse, attended by his domestick Servants to Somerset-House, where it remained in private for some days, till all things were in readiness for publike view; which be∣ing accomplished, his Effigies was with great state & magnificence exposed openly; multitudes daily flocking to see the sight, which appeared in this order. The first room where the Spectators entered, was wholly hung with black; at the upper end whereof, was placed a Cloath and Chair of State: In like manner, was the second and third rooms, all having Scutcheons very thick upon the Walls, and Guards of Partizans placed in each room for people to pass through. The fourth room was compleatly hung with black Velvet, the Ceiling being of the same: here lay the Effigies, with a large Canopy of black Velvet fringed, which hung over it. The Waxen Picture lying upon it's back, was apparel'd in a rich Suit of Velvet, robed in a little Robe of Purple-Velvet, laced with a rich gold Lace, and furr'd with Ermins: upon the Kirtle was a large Robe

of Purple-Velvet, laced and furr'd as the former, with rich strings and tassels of gold. The Kirtle was girt with a rich em∣broydered Belt, wherein was a Sword bravely guilt and hatched with gold, which hung by the side of this fine thing. In the right hand was a Scepter, in the left a Globe; upon his head was placed a Purple-Velvet Cap furr'd with Ermines, sutable to the Robes: behind the head, was placed a rich Chair of Tissued Gold, whereon was placed an Imperial Crown, which lay high, that the people might be∣hold it. The Bed of State whereon he lay, was covered with a large Pall of black Velvet, under which was a Holland sheet, borne up by six stools covered with Cloath of gold. About the Bed was placed a compleat suit of Armes, and at the feet of the Effigies stood his Crest. This bed had fixt about it an Ascent of two steps; a little from thence stood eight silver Candlesticks about five foot high; with white wax Tapers standing in them, of three foot long. All these things were environed with Rails and Ballasters four∣square, covered with Velvet; at each corner whereof there was erected an

upright Pillar, which bore on their tops Lions and Dragons, who held in their Paws Streamers crowned. On both sides of the Bed were set up in sockets, four great Standards of the Protectors Armes, with Banners and Banrols of War, painted upon Taffaty. About the Bed stood men in Mourning bare-headed; and without the Rails, others to receive people in, and turn them out again.

When this Shew had been seen for ma∣ny weeks together, the Scoene was then altered; the Efsigies being removed into another room, it was there set up, stand∣ing upon an Ascent under a Cloath of State; being vested as it was before, ly∣ing: onely now his Purple-Velvet Cap was changed for a Crown. In the same manner as formerly, were men waiting upon him bare-headed. In this posture he continued until the 23 of November, which day was appointed to carry him with all solemnity to Westminster Abby.

This great Funeral was performed with very great Majesty, in this manner fol∣lowing. All things being in readiness, the Waxen Picture of the Protector (with a Crown on his head, a Sword by his side,

a Globe and Scepter in his Hands) was taken down from his standing, and laid in an open Chariot, covered all over with black Velvet, adorned with Plumes and Scurcheons, and drawn by six Horses in black Velvet. The Streets from Somerset-House to Westminster-Abby, were guarded by Souldiers in new Red Coats and black Buttons, with their Ensigns wrapt in Cypres: which made a Lane to keep off Spectators from crouding the Actors.

For the Procession.

In the first place went a Marshal atten∣ded by his deputy, and thirteen more on horseback, to clear the way: after him followed the poor men of Westminster by two and two, in Mourning Gowns and Hoods: next to them, the servants of those Persons of quality that attended the Funeral. These were followed by the Protectors late domestick servants, with his Barge-men and Water-men. Then came the servants of the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs of London. Following them, were Gentlemen Attendants on Forraign Ambassadors and publike Ministers. After

marched the poor Knights of Windsor in Gowns and Hoods: then the Clerks, Secretaries, and Officers of the Army, Admiralty, Treasury, Navie, and Exche∣quer: next, the Commissioners of the Ex∣cise, of the Army, and Committee of the Navie. Then the Commissioners for ap∣probation of Preachers: behinde these fol∣lowed all the Officers, Messengers, and Clerks belonging to the Privie-Council, and both Houses of Parliament. Next in order followed

The Protectors Physitians.

The Head-Officers of the Army.

The Officers and Aldermen of London.

The Masters of Chancery, and his High∣ness Council at Law.

The Judges of Admiralty, Judges in Wales, and Master of Requests.

The Barons of the Exchequer, Judges of both Benches, and Lord Mayor of London.

The Persons Allied in Blood to the Protector, and the Members of the other House.

The publike Ministers of Forraign Princes.

The Holland Ambassador alone, having

his Train held up by four Gentlemen.

Then the Portugal Ambassador, and the French Ambassador, in like man∣ner.

The Lords Commissioners of the Great Seal.

The Commissioners of the Treasury.

The Lords of his Highness Privie-Council.

All the Grandees were in close Mourn∣ing, the rest but in ordinary.

The whole Assembly passing along in divisions, were distinguished by Drums, Trumpets, Banners and Horses, whereof there were eleven in all, four being co∣verd with black Cloath, and seven in Velvet. These passing in comely order, at length came the Chariot with the Effigies, on each side of which were six Banner. Rols (twelve in all) born by se∣veral Persons; And likewise several Pieces of the Protectors Armor carried by eight Officers of the Army, attended by the Heralds. Next went Garter Principal King of Armes, attended by a Gentleman on each hand bare-headed. Now came the chief Mourner. And to conclude all, came the Horse of Honour, in very rich

Trappings imbroydered on Crimson-Vel∣vet, and adorned with white, red; and yellow Plumes of Feathers, being led by the Master of the Horse. The Rear of this brave Shew was brought up by the Protectors Guard of Halberdiers, the War∣ders of the Tower, and a Troop of Horse.

The Essigies in this manner being brought to the West-Gate of the Abby-Church of Westminster, it was taken from the Chariot by ten Gentlemen, who car∣ried it to the East-end of the Church, and there placed the Picture in a most Mag∣nificent Structure built in the same Form as one before had been (on the like occa∣sion) for King James, but much more Stately.

Thus much for the History of O. Crom∣wel: Now follows.