The history of the church from our Lords incarnation, to the twelth year of the Emperour Maricius Tiberius, or the Year of Christ 594 / as it was written in Greek, by Eusebius Pamphilius ..., Socrates Scholasticus, and Evagrius Scholasticus ... ; made English from that edition of these historians, which Valesius published at Paris in the years 1659, 1668, and 1673 ; also, The life of Constantine in four books, written by Eusibius Pamphilus, with Constantine's Oration to the convention of the saints, and Eusebius's Speech in praise of Constantine, spoken at his tricennalia ; Valesius's annotations on these authors, are done into English, and set at their proper places in the margin, as likewise a translation of his account of their lives and writings ; with two index's, the one, of the principal matters that occur in the text, the other, of those contained in the notes.

CHAP. XLIII. Concerning Eustathius Bishop of Sebastia.

BUT Eustathius [Bishop] of Sebastia in Armenia, was not so much as admitted to make his defence, because he had been long be∣fore deposed by Eulalius his own Father, who was Bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia, in regard he wore a garment misbecoming the Sacerdotal function. You are to know, that in Eustathius's room Meletius was constituted Bishop, concer∣ning whom we will speak hereafter. But Eusta∣thius was afterwards condemned in a Synod con∣vened upon his account at Gangra [a City] of Paphlagonia; because, after his deposition in the Sy∣nod at a 1.1 Caesarea, he had done many things repug∣nant to the Ecclesiastick Laws. For he had for∣bidden marriage, and maintained that meats were to be abstained from: and upon this account he separated many who had contracted marriages, from their wives, and perswaded b 1.2 those who had an aversion for the Churches, to communicate at home. He also enticed away servants from their Masters by a pretext of piety. He him∣self wore the habit of a Philosopher, and caused his followers to make use of a new and unusual garb, and gave order that women should be shorn.

He [asserted] that set Fasts were to be avoided; but maintained Fasting on Sundays. He forbad Prayers to be made in the houses of those who were married; and taught, that the blessing and communion of a Presbyter who had a wife (whom he had lawfully married during his being a Laick▪) ought to be declined as a thing most detestable. Upon his doing and teaching these and several other such like things as these, a Synod (as I have said) convened at Gangra in Paphlagonia deposed him, and Anathematized his opinions. c 1.3 These things were done afterwards. But Ma∣cedonius being then ejected, Eudoxius, despising the See of Antioch, is constituted [Bishop] of Constantinople, being consecrated by the Aca∣cians. Who forgot themselves, in that they De∣cree'd what was contradictory to their former determinations. For they who had deposed Dra∣contius because of his translation from Galatia to Pergamus, considered not with themselves, that by Ordaining Eudoxius who then made a second remove [to another Bishoprick] they did what was contrary to their own Sanctions. Having done these things, they sent the Creed which had been read, d 1.4 to Ariminum, together with its Sup∣plement, corrected by them; and gave order, that such as would not subscribe it, should be banished, according to the Emperours Edict. [Lastly,] They made known what they had done, both to others in the East who entertained the same sentiments with them, and also to Patro∣philus [Bishop] of Scythopolis. For he went from Seleucia forthwith to his own City. Fur∣ther, Eudoxius having been constituted [Bi∣shop] of the * 1.5 Great City, the e 1.6 Great Church named Sophia was at that time consecrated, in Constantius's Tenth and Julianus Caesar's third consulate, on the fif∣teenth of the month February. As soon as Eu∣doxius was seated in that See, he was the first that uttered this sentence which is [still]

in every bodies mouth, saying; The Father is Irreligious; the Son is Religious. When a tu∣mult and a disturbance arose thereupon, Be not troubled (said he) at what has been spoken by me, for, the Father is irreligious, because he worships no person: but the Son is religious, because he worships the Father. When Eudoxius had spoken these words, the tumult was appea∣sed; but instead of the disturbance, there was a great laughter raised in the Church. And this saying of his continues to be a ridicule even to this day. Such cavils the Arch-hereticks made use of, and busied themselves about such expressions as these, rending the Church in sunder [thereby.] This was the conclusion, that the Synod had, which was convened at Constantinople.

Notes

• a 1.1

  Sozomen, book 4. chap. 24. says 'twas at Neocae∣sarea. Vales.
• b 1.2

  These words of Socrates [〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, those who had an aversion for, or, detested the Churches] are not to be un∣derstood of all those who declined the Churches: but they must be joyned to the foregoing words, and are to be meant of those persons, who by Eustathius's perswasion had separated themselves from the converse of their wives. Eustathius perswaded these men to avoid the Churches assemblies, and not to communicate with other be∣lievers; but that, being as it were pure and perfect, they should participate of the sacred Mysteries by themselves at home. See what Epiphanius has related concerning this Eustathius, in his Hare••••e of the A••riani▪ and Basilius, in his Epistles. Vales.
• c 1.3

  I am not of Socra∣tes's opi∣nion, who makes the Synod of Gangra (wherein Eustathius was con∣demned) to have been after that assem∣bled at Se∣leucia, and after the Constanti∣nopolitan-Synod. So∣zomen (book 4. chap. 24.) makes the Synod of Gangra to be ancien∣ter than the Council of Antioch, which was held at the Dedication in the year of Christ 341. In∣deed, Ba∣ronius (at the year of Christ 361.) places the Synod of Gangra in the reign of Constantine the Great. But he is confuted both by Socrates and Sozomen. For Socrates makes that Synod to be later than the Seleucian and Constantinopolitan Synod. But Sozomen places it after Eustathius's deposition, which was done by Eusebius Bishop of Constantinople. Now, Eusebius thrust himself into the Constantinopolitan▪ See in Constan∣tius's reign, as 'tis agree'd amongst all men. Lastly, Basilius (in his seventy fourth Epistle, which he wrote to the Western Bishops a∣gainst Eustathius Bishop of Sebastia,) makes no mention of the Coun∣cil of Gangra. Whence 'tis manifest, that at such time as Basilius wrote that Epistle (which he did in Vaten••'s reign,) the Council of Gangra, wherein Eustathius was condemned, had not been held. Some one will peradventure say, (which is objected by Baronius) that that Eustathius condemned in the Synod of Gangra was a dif∣ferent person from Eustathius of Sebastia. But this is gratis dictum, no•• is it founded on the authority of any Authour. Vales.
• d 1.4

  I have rendered this place so, as to refer these words [to Ari∣minum] to these [they sent:] which Version of ours is confirmed by Athanasius, in his book de Synodis, pag. 905▪ his words are these: 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉▪ &c. Having written these things in Isauria, they departed to Constantinople, and repenting as it were [of what they had done,] according to their usual manner they altered their Draught: and when they had added some words, [to wit] that [the term] subsistence should, not be used in relation to the Father, and the Son, and the holy Ghost, they sent this [form of] the Creed to th••se at Ariminum, &c. Which passage in Athanasius, Socrates does seem to transcribe here, Epiphanius Scholasticus and Christophorson have rendred this place to this effect; Having done this, they sent the Creed read at Ariminum together with its supplement, &c. Vales.
• * 1.5

  Constan∣tinople.
• e 1.6

  I perfected and mended this place from the Florentine and Sfortian Copies. Concerning the Consecration of this Church, it is thus recorded in Idarius's Fasti: Constantio decimo, &c. In Constan∣tius's Tenth and Julianus's third Consulate, the Great Church at Constan∣tinople was consecrated, on the fifteenth of the Kalends of March. Cedre∣nus (in his Chronicon) says this was the second Consecration of this Church. For it was first consecrated, says he, by Eusebius Bishop of Constantinople. But being afterwards ruined, it was re-edified by Con∣stantius Augustus, and consecrated by Eudoxius. See the Chronicon Alexandrinum, where many passages (in no wise trivial) occur concerning this Consecration. Vales.