The history of the church from our Lords incarnation, to the twelth year of the Emperour Maricius Tiberius, or the Year of Christ 594 / as it was written in Greek, by Eusebius Pamphilius ..., Socrates Scholasticus, and Evagrius Scholasticus ... ; made English from that edition of these historians, which Valesius published at Paris in the years 1659, 1668, and 1673 ; also, The life of Constantine in four books, written by Eusibius Pamphilus, with Constantine's Oration to the convention of the saints, and Eusebius's Speech in praise of Constantine, spoken at his tricennalia ; Valesius's annotations on these authors, are done into English, and set at their proper places in the margin, as likewise a translation of his account of their lives and writings ; with two index's, the one, of the principal matters that occur in the text, the other, of those contained in the notes.

CHAP. VI. How great miseries befell the Jews after their au∣dacious wickedness committed against Christ.

HE relates further how, after the death of Tiberius, Caius assuming the Government, was every way sorely injurious towards many, but above all he most heavily annoyed the whole Jewish Nation, which in short we may understand from Philo's own a 1.1 words, writing thus word for word.

So great therefore was the extrava∣gancy and pride of Caius's carriage towards all, but more especially towards the Jewish Nation, which he bitterly hated, and appropriated to himself all their b 1.2 Pros∣eucha's in the rest of the Cities, beginning with those at Alexandria, filling them with his own Images and Statues. For in that he suf∣fered others to consecrate Statues to him, he seemed in a manner to dedicate them to himself. And he changed and transformed the Temple at Jerusalem, which hitherto had re∣mained undefiled and dig∣nified with all the privi∣ledges of a Sanctuary, and made it into a Tem∣ple dedicated to himself, causing it thence forward to be called the Temple of CAIUS c 1.3 JUNIOR JUPITER d 1.4 CONSPI∣CUOUS.

Moreover the same Authour, in his second Book which he intitled of e 1.5 Virtues, relates innumera∣ble other calamities, such as are grievous beyond all expression, that befell the Jews dwelling at Alex∣andria••, during the Go∣vernment of the foresaid Caius. To whom Josephus agrees, who notes that those troubles, with which the whole Jewish▪ Nation was molested, began even from the times of Pilate, and from those enormous facts committed against our Saviour. Let us therefore hear what he also declares in his second Book of the Jewish wars, in these f 1.6 words, saying,

Pilate being by Tiberius sent Procurator into Judea, brought into Jerusalem by night the veiled Images of Caesar, which are called his

Statues. As soon as it was day this raised a great commotion among the Jews. For those who were near were astonished at the ••ight, in that their Laws were violated and trampled on. For they account it a detestable thing to place any graven image in the City.

These things if thou comparest with the Evangelical writing, thou shalt understand that that voice they uttered before Pilate, crying out * 1.7 they had no other King but Caesar, was soon g 1.8 after revenged upon them. The same Writer relates another following calamity inflicted on them by Divine vengeance in these words:

After this Pi∣late raised another commotion amongst them; exhausting the stock of the sacred Treasury (it is call'd the h 1.9 Corban) in making a Conduit; wherein the water that was to be brought was at three hundred furlongs distance. For which there was great indignation amongst the po∣pulace: And when Pilate was at Jerusalem, they flockt about the judgment Seat, and be∣gan to exclaim. But he (for he foresaw there would be a tumult amongst them) mingled armed Souldiers, clad like the common people, amongst the multitude, and, forbidding them to use their swords, but commanding them to strike those that cried out with clubs, gave them a sign from his Tribunal. So the Jews were bea∣ten, and many of them killed, some by the blows they received perished, others being troden to death in the croud by those of their own party that fled. And so the multitude, being astonished at the calamity of those that were slain, were silent.

Moreover, the same Writer relates in∣numerable other commotions raised in Jerusalem; and shews, that even from that time forward both the City and all Judea was distracted with Sedi∣tions, Wars, and continual contrivances of mis∣chief following one upon another, untill at last the Siege in the Reign of Vespasian by way of re∣venge befell them. After this manner therefore hath divine vengeance pursued the Jews for their execrable wickedness committed against Christ.

Notes

• a 1.1

  Philo in Legat. ad Caium a∣bout the end.
• b 1.2

  The Jews had two sorts of places, besides their Temple, (which was for sacrifice) for re∣ligious duties; viz. their Pros∣cuchae, and Synagogucs; the dif∣ference between them was this; the Proseucha was a Plot of ground encompassed with a wall or some other inclosure, and open above; the use of it was properly for prayer; a Synagogue was a cove∣red edifice, where the Law and Prophets were read and expoun∣ded, and the people instructed in divine matters; besides, the Sy∣nagogues were within, the Pros∣cuchae without the Cities. They were in use before the Captivity, as may be gathered from Jos. 24. 26. Psal. 74. 7. See Acts 16. 13. M^r Mede.
• c 1.3

  So Caligula was called, to distinguish him from Jullus Cae∣sar, who was also called Caius, and was deified. Vales.
• d 1.4

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Conspicuous. Va∣lesius translates it praesens; prae∣sentes dii sunt vel qui statim prae∣stant, vel qui coluntur & videntur. Donat. in Terent. Phorm. That is, the Propitious or Conspicuous gods were such, as were at hand, or such as were visible to the worshippers. Hence Antiochus King of Syria was called Epiphanes by his flat∣terers.
• e 1.5

  Valesius thinks that by this Second Book of Virtues must be understood Philo's Book in Flac∣cum; and his reason is, because Philo does no where else but in that Book, relate the calamities that befell the Jews of Alexan∣dria.
• f 1.6

  Jos. Bell. Jud. L. 2. c. 8.
• * 1.7

  Joh. 19. 15.
• g 1.8

  In this place Eu∣sebius is mistaken, in that he thought that those things, which Jo∣sephus re∣lates con∣cerning the images of Tiberius brought in∣to the City of Jerusa∣lem by Pi∣late, hap∣pened after the death of Christ. But Jose∣phus attests (in the 2^d B. of the Jewish wars, and in his 18 B. Antiq.) that this happened at the be∣ginning of Pilates Govern∣ment. Now Pilate was sent by Ti∣berius into Judea in the twelsth year of his Reign. Its absurd therefore to say, that those mis∣chiefs, which befell the Jews long before Christs death, happened to them for no other cause than for their wickedness committed a∣gainst Christ. Besides, Eusebius thought, that one and the same Act of Pilate's was mentioned both by Philo and Josephus. But Josephus speaks of the Images of the Emperour; and Philo, of the guilded Bucklers, which had no image, but onely the name of the Emperour to whom they were dedicated, and Pilate's name that made that dedication. Moreover, what Josephus relates, hap∣pened in the first year of Pilates Government; but, what Philo re∣ports, came to pass when Pilate had been many years Governour. Vales.
• h 1.9

  Corban comes from 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 which signifies promiscuously to draw nigh, and to offer: the Evangelist renders Corban, a gift (Matth. 15. v. 5.) i. e. that which is presented and consecrated to God in the Temple: it signifies also the place where the Offerings so called were laid up. D^r Hammond.