An exact description of Ireland chorographically surveying all its provinces & counties ... : with an index of all the provinces, counties, baronies, cities, towns, forts, castles, rivers, lakes, havens, bays, mountains, promontories, &c., in such a manner as may serve for a geographical dictionary for Ireland ... : done according to the latest surveys, and agreeing with all the new maps / by Laurence Eachard ...

A Chorographical Description OF IRELAND, &c.

Of IRELAND in General. CHAP. I.

•…•…f its Name, Bounds, Situation, Clime, Form, Dimensions, Distances, Air, Soil, Products, Commodities, Rivers, Lakes, Bays, Mountains, Capes, &c.

IRELAND is called by the La∣tins, * 1.1 Hibernia; by Orpheus, Ari∣stotle, Strabo, Stephanus and Clau∣dian, Ierna; by Pomponius Me∣•…•… Iuvenal and Solinus, Iuverna; by Pto∣•…•…omy, Iuernia, and sometimes Britannia

Minor; by Martian of Heraclia, Ioyep∣nia; by Diodorus Siculus, Irim; by Eusta•…•…hus, Oyernia or Overnia, and Ver∣nia; by some called Bernia; Plutarch called it by the Name of Ogygia. The Irish Bards or Poets have mentioned the Names of Tivolas, Totdanan, and Banno, as the most ancient Names. In later times it went by the Name of Scotia, and Scotia Min•…•…r, to distin∣guish it from the other Scotland. It is now called by the Inhabitants Eryn, and sometimes Gwydhill; by the Welch, Yverdon and Ywerdhou; by the Ger∣mans, Irlandi; by the Italians, Irlan∣da•…•…; and by the French, Irlande.

It is environed on all sides with the Ocean; bounded on the East with a * 1.2 violent and unruly Sea, called the Irish Sea, or St. George's Channel, which se∣parates it from England and Wales, and on the North-East from Scotland; on the West with that vast Ocean called th•…•… Western or Atlantick Ocean, which parts it from the main Continent of America; on the North with the Nor∣thern Ocean, called the Ducalidonian Ocean; and on the South and South-West with that which is called the Vergirian Ocean.

If we consider it in respect of Hea∣venly * 1.3 Bodies, it is situated between the 5th Degree and 58th Minute, and the 10th Degree and 45th Minute of Lon∣gitude that is from London; but rec∣koning from Tenneriffe, it lies between the 8th and the 12th Degree, and 55 Minutes of Longitude, equal with the greatest part of Gallicia and Asturia in Spain: And between the 51st De∣gree and 15th Minute, and the 55th Degree and 15th Minute of Northern Latitude, equal with Wales, and the greatest part of England.

By this account we may see that it lies wholly under the Ninth and * 1.4 Tenth Climes, with a little of the Eighth; so that the longest Day on the most Southern parts is 16 Hours, and about 25 Minutes, and the longest Day on the most Northern parts is 17 Hours, and about 12 Minutes, that is almost an Hour longer. It lies in one of the temperate Zones toward the Northern parts of it, about five De∣grees from the middle; so that for its Situation it cannot be very intem∣perate either in Summer or Winter.

As for the Form and Shape of this * 1.5 Island, it is oblong (nigh as long again

as broad) somewhat (though but little indeed) resembling an Egg, to which form many have likened it to. Speed compares it rather to the shape of the Fore-Leg of a Bear, which is as diffi∣cult to imagine as the other; and if we consider all the variety of Windings and Turnings, scarce any thing can be imagined to have a more irregular Form.

It is for bigness an Island of the third Rank, reckoned to be about * 1.6 half as big as England: In length, from Fairhead, the Northern Point of Antrim in Ulster, to Missen-Head, the South Point of Cork in Munster, about 285 Miles: In breadth, in the widest place, that is, from the East-parts of Down in Ulster, to the West-parts of Mayo in Connaught, 160 Miles: From the East of Wexford in Leinster, to the West of Kerry in Munster, 152 Miles: But in the middle, from the East of Dublin, to the West of Galloway, 146 Miles. The whole Circuit (reckon∣ing all the Windings and Turnings) is above 1400 Miles.

It lies distant from Scotland, North-East * 1.7 and South-West, (from Cape Red-boy in Antrim, to the South-parts of

Cantire) 15 Miles: From England, East and West, (from the East-parts of Down, to St. Bees-Head in Cumber∣land) 84 Miles: From Wales East and West, (from the East-parts of Wex∣ford to St. Davids) 45 Miles: From France, North-West and South-East, 220 Miles: From Spain, North and South, 440 Miles: And from New-France the nighest part of America, (from which it lies exactly West) a∣bout 1440 Miles.

The Air is most mild and tempe∣rate in respect of Hot and Cold; so * 1.8 that it is cooler in Summer and warm∣er in Winter than in England, but no∣thing so clear and subtile as here, there∣fore not so good in Summer for ripen∣ing of Corn and Fruits: In the Win∣ter it is more subject to Wind, Clouds and Rain, than Frost and Snow. It is so excessive moist, that many there are sore troubled with Loosenesses and Rheumes, more especially Stran∣gers, who seldom escape those Distem∣pers; for the staying of which they have a Liquor called Usque-bah, or an Aqua: Vitae, which is esteemed of as stronger and better than ours.

As for its Soil, it is of it self abun∣dantly * 1.9 fruitful, but naturally rather fitter for Grass and Pasturage. In some places the rankness of the Soil is so great, the Grass so long, and withal so sweet, that the Cattel in those pla∣ces would soon graze to a surfeit, if they were not sometimes hindred. This Country, in many places, is in∣cumbred with vast Bogs, and unwhol∣some Marshes, being full of great Lakes and Sands, and is also over-grown with many large Woods: But of late Years these Inconveniencies have been very much corrected by drying and draining up many of the Marshes, and by cutting down several of the Woods.

It produces a vast number of good∣ly Flocks of Sheep, which they share * 1.10 twice a year. Here are likewise ex∣cellent good Horses, (which we call Hobies) which have not the same pace with others, but a soft and round Am∣ble, setting one Leg before another very finely. As for Cattle, here are infinite numbers, being indeed the prin∣cipal Wealth of the Inhabitants; (it is said, they will give no Milk if their Calves be not by them, or their Skins

stuffed with Straw or Hay.) For Bees, they have such Numbers, that they are found not only in Hives, but also in the Bodies of Trees, and holes of the Earth. It is very much troubled with Wolves, but has no Snake, or Vene∣mous Creature whatsoever, neither will any live here. It has variety of all sorts of wild and tame Fowls; and vast quantities of Fish, especially Sal∣mons and Herrings. All living Crea∣tures, besides Men, Women and Grey∣hounds, are smaller than ours in Eng∣land.

The Principal Riches and Commo∣dities * 1.11 of this Kingdom are Cattel, Hides, Tallow, Suet, great Store of Butter and Cheese, Wood, Salt, Honey, Wax, Furs, Hemp, Linnen Cloth, Pipe Staves, great quantities of Wool, of which they make Cloth and Freezes, with those course Rugs, or shag Man∣tles, which are vented into Foreign Countries: Variety of Fish and Fowl, and also several Metals, as Lead, Tin and Iron; in a word, there is nothing wanting either for Pleasure and Profit, every thing being extraordinary cheap and plentiful; and of late times the Industry of the Inhabitants have not

been so much wanting, and by reason of the great Converse with the English are more Civilized then formerly both Trade and Learning flourishing i•…•… such a measure, that were it not fo•…•… these unhappy Broils, it well might have been counted as Beautiful an•…•… Sweet a Country as any under Heave•…•….

The Principal Rivers of this Coun∣try * 1.12 are; 1. Shannon, or Shennon, which ariseth in the County of Letrim in Connaught: It divides for the most part of the way, Connaught from Leinster and Munster, and makes many Lakes, (particularly Lough-Ree, and Lough-Derg) passing by the Towns of Letrim, Iames Town, Lanesburrough, Athlone, Clonefert, Killalow and Limrick, after a Course of 200 Miles, (of which 60 Navigable) falls into the Western Ocean with a Mouth above seven Miles wide. Others are, 2. Swift Awiduff, or Blackwater. 3. Baleful-Shure. 4. Woody-Barrow. 5. Rolling-Liffe. 6. Pleasant-Boyne. 7. Spreeding Lee, &c, These shall be all more particularly Treated of in the Provincss. The Havens are many and Commodious, those of chief Note are, 1. Waterford, at the Mouth of the River Shure.

2. Cork, at the Mouth of the River Lee. 3. Youghill, at the Mouth of the River Awiduff, or Blackwater.

The principal Lakes of this King∣dom * 1.13 are; 1. Lough-Erne, in the County of Fermanack in Ulster, nigh 30 Miles long, and 10 broad, borde∣ring about with shady Woods, and full of inhabited Islands, some con∣taining 2 or 300 Acres of Land, ha∣ving vast store of Trouts, Pikes, and Salmons. 2. Lough-Neagh, or Sidney, between the Counties of Antrim and Tyrone, 20 Miles long, and 12 broad, beset and shadowed along with thick Woods, and unpassable Bogs, yet ex∣treamly Pleasant. 3. Lough-Ree, made by the River Shannon, between the Counties of Roscommon, Longford, and West-Meath, 15 Miles long, and five broad. Louth-Derg, another made by the Shannon, between Tipperary, Tho∣mond and Gallway, 18 Miles long; and four broad. 5. Lough-Corrib in the County of Gallway, having in it several Isles abounding with Pine Trees. 6. Lough-Conn in the County of Mayo. 7. Lough-Cara, &c. 8. Lough-Cilly in the County of Slego. 9. Lough-Allyn in the County of Letrim. 10. L•…•…gh-Dercuereagh.

11. Lough-Hannel in West-Meath, with several others.

The most considerable Bays of this * 1.14 Country may be reckoned, 1. The Bay of Gallway, a very large and safe Harbour, capable of a vast Fleet of Ships, and defended on the West, with the South Isles of Arran: It lies be∣tween the Counties of Gallway and Tho∣mond. 2. Dingle-Bay, a large and spacious Harbour in the County of Kerry in M•…•…nster. 3. Bantry-Bay in the County of Corke in Munster, full of small Islands. 4. Dunnagal-Bay, between the Counties of Dunnagal, Slego and Letrim, at the entrance of Lough-Earne. 5. Bay of London-derry, a kind of a Lake between the Cou•…•… ties of Dunnagal and Londonderry; call∣ed also by the Name of Lough-Foyle. 6. Ca•…•…rickfergus-Bay, between the Counties of A•…•…trim and D•…•…wn. 7. Car∣lingford-Bay, between the Counties of Down and Louth. 8. Bay of Dublin in the County of Dublin. 9. Wex∣ford-Bay in the County of Wexford. 10. Kin•…•…sale-Bay in the County of Corke, with many other of less Note.

Mountains of chiefest Note are * 1.15 reckoned, 1. Kn•…•…ck-Patrick, or St. Pa∣trick's

Hill, in the West parts of the County of Limrick, mounted up a mighty height, and yielding a pleasent prospect into the Sea, beholding a far off, the River Shannon, falling with a vast Mouth in the Ocean. 2. Sliew-Bloemy in Queen's County, with their rising tops mounted up a wonderful height from whence arise the Rivers Shure, Nuer and Barrow. 3. The Mountains of Evagh and Moourne, a ridge of Hills not far off the Sea in the County of Down. 4. Sliew-Gallen, certain Hills in the County of Tyrone, dividing it into two parts. 5. Curlew-Hills in the County of R•…•…scommon in Connaught. 6. The Gualty Mountains in the County of Tipperary, nigh the Counties of Limrick and Cork.

The most considerable Capes or Promontories are, 1. Fair-head in the * 1.16 County of Antrim, the mok Northern Point in this Kingdom, about 17 Miles off Scotland. 2. St. Iohn's Point in the County of Down, about 8 Miles South of Down. 3. Old-head in the County of Cork, about seven Miles South of Kingsale. 4. Missenhead in Cork. the most Southern Point in this Country. 5. Leane, a very long Point in the

County of Thomond, at the Mouth of the River Shannon. 6. St. Iohns Cape, in the County of Dunnagal, about 13 Miles West of Dunnagal. 7. North Cape in the Northern parts of the same County. 8. Dog-head, in the Western parts of the County of Gall∣way. I could here mention several of the Bogs, as Allin, Red-Boy, &c. but these will be of no great use.

In the Province of Ulster and Coun∣ty of Dunnagal, upon an Island in a lit∣tle * 1.17 Lake, called Derg, there is an old little Monastery, in which is a very narrow Vault within the Ground, so small that a Man can scarce stand up right in it, not containing above 6 or 7 Persons at once: This they call St. Patrick's Purgatory, very much talked of by the Ignorant for walking Spirits, and dreadful Apparitions; which they say was occasioned by St. Patrick's earnest Prayers to God, that the Torments which the wicked are to suffer after this life might be presented to the Eye, that he might the more easily Root out the Sins of his Coun∣try Men. They Foolishly imagine, that this Cave was digged first by Ulisses, when he went to Parlee with

those in Hell. This place was very much resorted to by Pilgrims, till the later end of King Iames the First Reign, this hole was laid open, and the Friers caused to depart.

There are seven places in Ireland, * 1.18 which are more properly called by the Name of Cities, viz. Dublin, VVater∣ford, Gallway, Limrick, Cork, London∣derry, and Kilkenny, to which we may add, Athlone, Kingsale and Drogheda; four Archbishopricks, viz. Armagh, Dublin, Cashell, and Tuam; 19 Bi∣shopricks, and one University, viz. Dublin. Here are also about 39 Mar∣ket Towns; 119 Places that return Parliament Men, which commonly go by the Name of Burroughs; 93 Towns of Commerce and Trade; 222 Castles of old Erection, besides several new Fortresses built in the later times; and 1586 Parishes. The chief City of the whole Kingdom, is, Dublin, the Vice-Roys Seat.

CHAP. II.

Of the Inhabitants and famous Men, particularly of the Wild Irish, shew∣ing their Language, Names, Diet, Attire, Manner of Living, Customs, Religion, Superstitions, Whimseys, Marriages, Burials and Wars.

THE Inhabitants descend origi∣nally from the Britains, according * 1.19 to the best Authors: since then inter∣mixed with Danes, Swedes, and Nor∣mans; but at present they are both English and Irish. As for the English; I shall need to say nothing of, nor the more civilized sort of Irish, who are very conformable to the Customs and Laws of our Nation. But the Kernes, Rapperies, &c. (those meer Irish, who as yet have not been throughly con∣quered or civilized) are those that I do intend particularly to treat of; therefore I would not have our Irish Schollars take it amiss, or think ill of that Character which no ways belongs to them; but before I go any further I shall here (as the most fit place)

mention some of the most eminent Persons this Nation has produced.

The most Famous Men of this Coun∣try * 1.20 may be reckoned 1. St. Patrick, a Person of eminent Piety, who converted this Nation to Christianity between the fourth and fifth Centurys. 2. Pal∣ladius, another Person who helped to convert this Kingdom about the same time. 3. Columbus a Religious Monk some few ages after, who would by: no preferments be induced to leave his Country. 4. Richard Fitz-Rase, a Learned Bishop of Armagh, who flo∣rished Anno 1350. a declared Enemy to the Errors and Corruptions of the Romish Church. In later times were 5. Iames Usher, Arch-Bishop of Ar∣magh, so eminent for his Piety and Learning. 6. Ieremiah Taylor, the Eloquent Bishop of Down and Connor; with several others in our times.

Now to give a Character of the na∣tural Wild Irish; they are of a middle * 1.21 Stature, strong of body, of an hotter and moister nature than many other Nations of wonderful soft Skins, and by reason of the tenderness of their Muscles, they excell in nimbleness and flexibility of all parts of the body;

they are reckoned of a quick Wit, (tho' besotted to many follies) prodi∣gal and careless of their Lives, endu∣ring Travel, Cold, and Hunger; given to fleshly lusts, light of belief, kind and courteous to strangers, con∣stant in Love, impatient of abuse and injury, in enmity implacable, and in all affections most vehement and pas∣sionate. They are very much deligh∣ted with Musick, but especially with the Harp and Bagpipe, at the first many of them are very Skilful.

The Language, that they commonly speak is Originally British, or at least * 1.22 a Dialect of it, but now very much degenerated from it, by reason of the Intermixture with Norwegians, Danes, Easterlings or Oos•…•…-mans and English Saxons; so that at present it has but very little affinity with our Modern Welch, which is the same with the old British. But the names of Wa∣ters, Isles, Mountains and places are said to be meerly British. This Tongue is also spoken in the Western parts of Scotland, and the Isles of Hebraides, as Camden says. The En∣glish Tongue is very frequently used among 'em, and in some places (par∣ticularly

in the County of Wexford) they make use of a mungrel sort of speech between English and Irish.

They are vulgarly called by the * 1.23 names of Teague and Dear-Ioy. The greatest men have often the Letter [O] put before their names, as O Neal, O-Rock, O-Donel, &c. some of the bet∣ter sort also carry the name of Mac, (which signifies Son) as Mac-Decan, Mac-Cannon, Mac-Carty, &c. When they are babtized, they commonly add some profane name taken from some event, or else some colour as White, Black, Red; else from a disease or Scab, or peeldness; or from some one Vice or other as Thief, Proud, &c. They never give the name the Parent or any of the kindred then Living, for they are persuaded that their death is hastned thereby; but when the Fa∣ther is dead the Son commonly assu∣meth his name, lest it should be lost.

As for their Diet, they feed very much upon Herbs especially Water-Cresses; * 1.24 upon Mushromes, Sham∣roots and Roots: They delight also in Butter tempered with Oatmeal; also in Milk, Whey, Beef-Broth, and Flesh oft-times without any Bread at

all. As for their Corn, they lay it up for their Horses, for whom they are very careful, when they are Hunger∣bitten in time of dearth, they dis∣dain not to Eat raw flesh, after they have pressed out the blood thereof: and for to concoct it, they will drink down very large quantities of Usquebah or Aqua-Vitae, draught after draught. They also let their Kine blood, which when is grown to a Jelly, and strew∣ed over with Butter, they eat with a very good appetite.

As for their Attire, they commonly wear little Jackets of Woollen, and * 1.25 those very short; Breeches most plain and close to their Thighs; over these they commonly wear a Mantle or shag Rugg deeply fringed, and well set out with many colours, with∣in which they often lap themselves, and sleep on the very ground. They go for the most part bare headed, un∣less it be when they put on an head∣piece. They wear their Hair long, and count it the greatest ornament. The Women also make a great esteem of their Hair, especially if it be gol∣den colour and long withal, for they lay it out in a full length plated in a

bravery: They rather load then adorn their heads with great quantities of fine Linnen, rolled up in Wreaths.

Their way of Living is after a * 1.26 very odd sort, having no great im∣ployments; for they are given to idleness above measure, and count it the greatest riches to take no pains, and the most pleasure to enjoy their Liberty. Their Cows, and Cattle are the chiefest Wealth they have, and in greatest esteem. They count it no shame or infamy to commit Robber∣ries, which they very frequently use with great cruelty; when they go to rob they make prayers to God that they may meet with a booty; and they suppose it was sent them from God as a Gift. They also suppose that Violence and Murder are no ways displeasing to God, for if it were a sin, he would not present them with that opportunity; and they count it a sin not to make use of a fair opportunity: further they say that this sort of Life was left to them, and that they only walk in their Fathers steps, that it would be a dis∣grace to their Nobility to forbear such Facts and get their living by Labour.

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When they go out in a Morning to do any business, they mark him they * 1.27 met first; if they be prosperous they endeavour to meet him oft, if not they are as careful to avoid them. Before they sow their Corn, the good Wife or Mistress of the house, sendeth Salt to the said Field. In the Towns, when any Magistrate entreth first upon his Office, the Wives and Daughters along the Streets, and ou•…•… of the Windows bestrew them and their followers with Wheat and Salt. At every third word it is ordinary with them to rap out an Oath, as by the Trinity, by Christ, by St. Patrick, by St. Brigid, by their Baptism, by their Godfathers hand and such like. When they take never so solemn Oaths they will be forsworn upon every oc∣casion, but if they sware by any great Man and be forsworn, they forfeit a great Sum of Money or Cattle to that same person whose name they used.

In matters of Religion they are Roman Catholicks, in some things * 1.28 very devout, mortifying and keeping under their Bodies, very much, watch∣ing and praying, fasting every Wed∣nesday and Saturday: some of 'em

fast on St. Catharine's Day, and also on Christmas Day, though they be never so sick. In Matters of Divine Service they are very slovenly, the Vestments •…•…re so foul and nasty, that they would make one cast up his Stomach: The Altar portable, and by some abuse or other polluted; the Mass-Book all •…•…orn, the Chalice of Lead without a Cover to it, and the small Vessels for Wine made of Horn. The Priests •…•…hemselves are very poor, and mind nothing but gathering of Goods, and getting of Children. They make a great shew of the Canon-Law, but have never a jot of Learning. They commonly have their Children suc∣ceed them in their Churches, for whose Illegitimation they are dispen∣sed withal.

When they first see the Moon after * 1.29 the Change, commonly they bow the Knee, and say the Lord's Prayer, and then speak to the Moon with a loud Voice, Leave us as whole and as sound as thou hast found us. They use to look through the Shoulder-Blade-Bone of a Sheep, when the Flesh is clean ta∣ken from it; if they see any dark or duskish spot in it, when they look

through, they say that some Course shall shortly be carried out of the House. They pray for Wolves, and wish them well, and then they are not afraid to be hurt by them. They count it unlawful to rub down, o•…•… curry their Horses, or to gather Grass for their Meat on Saturdays. When a•…•… Horse is dead, they hang up his Fee•…•… and Legs in the House; yea, the very Hoofs are esteemed as a hallowed and sacred Relick. They count her a wicked Woman or a Witch that com∣eth to fetch Fire from 'em on May-Day; neither will they give any Fire then, but unto a Sick Body, and that also with a Curse.

They are of Opinion, that if their * 1.30 Butter be Stolen, 'twill soon after be restored again; if they take away any of the Thatch that hang over the Door, and cast it into the Fire. They be∣lieve, that the Kite will not take away their Chickens, if they hang up the the Egg-shels, out of which they were Hatched in some place of the Rough of the House. If any praise an Horse, or any other of their Beasts, before they have said, God Save him, or have Spit upon them; if any harm befal

that Beast within three days after, they •…•…eek out him that praised him, and then mumble the Lords Prayer in his right Ear. They fully beleive, that to set a Green Bough of a Tree before their House on May-day, will cause them to have abundance of Milk all Summer long. They have besides these, many other Follies, which for •…•…hortness sake, I shall now forbear to mention.

Those that dwell in Towns seldom * 1.31 make any Contract of Marriage with them in the Country; they pass their Promise, not for the present, but for the future time; or else give assent without Deliberation, so that for a ve∣ry little falling out, they part asunder, the Husband to another Woman, and the Wife to another Husband: Oft it is not known whether the Contract was true or false, till the last Gasp: Hence grow Robberies, Depredations, Murthers, and deadly Hatred. They are very much given to Incest, and no∣thing is so common as Divorces under pretence of Conscience. It is grown a common Custom after the Husbands's Death, for the Wife to have a third part of the Goods, the rest is divided

by even Portions among the Children; but when they come to Possession, he that is mightiest commonly go away with the best share; sometimes an Unkle, or Nephew, if he be a great Man,, will seize upon the Inheritance, and shut the Children out of all.

When any one lies a Dying, Women hired on purpose stand in Cross-ways, * 1.32 calling upon him with great out-Crys, and abundance of rediculous Expostu∣lations, why he should depart from so many Advantages. After he is Dead, they keep a Mourning with lowd Howlings, and clapping of Hands to∣gether. When the Corps go forth they follow it with such a Peal of out-Crys, that a Man would think the quick, as well as the Dead, were past all Recovery. Neither do they Mourn less for those that are Slain in Battel, or by Robbing, though they affirm such to have an easier Death; yet they will Rail on their Enemies with Spite∣ful Words, and continue for a long time a deadly Hatred against all of that Kindred. They suppose that the Souls of the Deceased go into the Company of certain Men, famous in those Places, of whom they still retain

strange Fables and Songs, as of Giants of great Renown, which they say they oft-times see by Illusion.

Their Warefare consists of Horse∣men, * 1.33 of Soldiers set in the Rereguard, whom they call Galloglasses, who fight with sharp Hatchets; and of light∣armed Footmen called Kernes, whose service is with Darts and Skeanes. To give a shout to every Man going out of a Gate, and counted fortunate. They commonly use the Bagpipe in stead of a Trumpet: They carry a∣•…•…out them Amulets: They recite cer∣tain Prayers, and in joyning Battel, they cry as loud as they can Pharroh, with this perswasion, that he who cryeth not so loud as the rest, shall suddenly be taken from the Ground, and carried along the Air, into certain desart Valleys, where he eateth Grass, •…•…appeth Water, hath some use of Rea∣son, but not of Speech: But at last •…•…y the help of Hounds and Hunters, •…•…hall be brought home again.

CHAP. III.

Of its Antiquity and old Inhabitants A short History, shewing the sever•…•… Conquests and Rebellions; Government Laws, Strength, Arms, Archbishoprick•…•… and Bishopricks, and the Old and Ne•…•… Division.

IReland is of very great Antiquity, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 we may believe the Irish Writers, wh•…•… * 1.34 say it was inhabited by one Caesari•…•… Noah's Neice, before the Flood: Abou•…•… 300 Years after the Flood, Bartholan•…•… a Scythian came hither, and fough•…•… many famous Battels with Giants. Ma∣ny Years after, Nemetheus, a Scythia•…•… also, arrived here, and was soon ca•…•… out by the Giants. After this, Del•…•… with some Grecians, seized on this Isle•…•… and soon after Gaothel and Scota hi•…•… Wife (Daughter to Pharaoh King o•…•… Egypt) landed here, and called this I∣sland Scotia, after his Wives Name This was about the time of the Israe∣lites departure out of Egypt. Som•…•… few Ages after, Hiberus and Hermion, Sons of Milesius King of Spain, by the

permission of Gurguntius King of the Britains, planted Colonies here, after •…•…t had been dispeopled by Pestilence. These are meer Fables of the Irish's own making, without any Grounds.

The antient Inhabitants were the * 1.35 •…•…ish, being Originally Britains accor∣ding to the best Authors, distinguish∣ed then into several lesser People and Names, as shall be afterwards spoken of. These were a rude and barba∣•…•…ous People, of whose Actions we know but little of; this Country not being so happy as ever to be Conquer∣ed by the Romans, those great Masters of Learning and Civility. Towards the wain of the Roman Empire, we find them called by the Name of Scots, (the reason thereof is uncertain) and this Country Scotland, they sub∣dued the Hebraides, or Western Isles, and the Neighbouring Picts and Cali∣donians, and gave the Name of Scot∣land to the Northern parts of the Bri∣•…•…ish Continent: Besides this, we hear but little of them except that of Pal•…•…a∣dius and St. Patrick's Converting them to the Christian Faith. Not long af∣ter they left the Name of Scots, and returned to their first and more wo•…•…∣ed

Name of Irish, then being under the Government of several small Princes.

The first Conquest, or rather Inva∣sion, * 1.36 of this Country, (setting aside Egfrid King of Northumberland's de∣stroying several places with Fire and Sword, Anno 694.) was by some of the Saxon Monarchs of England, (par∣ticularly by King Edgar) who made themselves Masters of Dublin, and se∣veral other considerable Places; but being in a short time so incumbred with Danes at home, that they were well satisfied to leave all that they had gained here, being scarce able to de∣fend their own from that Nation: So that these soon recovered their former Liberty, that is, under the Govern∣ment of their own Princes.

The next Conquest was made by * 1.37 the Northern Nations, as Danes, Swedes and Normans, going by the general Name of Norwegians, who first scow∣red along the Coasts by way of Py∣racy; but afterwards, (finding the weakness of this Isle, (by reason of its several Divisions) they made an abso∣lute Conquest of it under one Turge∣•…•…ius, whom they elected for their

King. They were not Masters of it long before the King of Meath (the only Irish Prince in favour with Tur∣getius) found out a Stratagem, by the help of his Daughter Omlag•…•…liben, (whom this Tyrant loved) and slew him, and with him all the Norwegians that were his Attendence; and by this means they soon routed the rest, so that the Petty Princes once more en∣joyed their former Dominions.

The last Conquest was by King * 1.38 Henry the Secend of England, Anno 1172. who was called in for the As∣sistance of the King of Leinster, who was driven out of his Kingdom by the King of Meath: He restored him, and made a Conquest of these Petty Prin∣ces, who submitted themselves to him, and gave him all their Power which was confirmed to him by Pope Ha∣drian; and ever since this Country has (for the most part, though with divers Alterations) remained subject to Eng∣land. The Kings of England had on∣ly the Title of Lords of Ireland, (tho' Kings in Effect and Power) till Anno 1542. Henry the Eighth, in an Irish Parliament, was declared King of Ire∣land, as a Name more Sacred and Re∣pleat

with Majesty, which was con∣firmed to Mary his Daughter by Pope Paul IV. Anno 1555.

The Irish have always looked upon * 1.39 our Conquests as such wrong and in∣justice done to 'em, (though indeed no∣thing could be more to their Advan∣tage) that they would never let slip any Opportunity of Rebellions. The first Rebellion was in the Reign of * 1.40 Edward the First, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 when that Prince was engaged against the Scots, one Dovenald O Neal rose up and styled himself King of Ulster, and in Right of Inheritance the undoubted Heir of all Ireland, but he was soon quell'd again. The second Rebellion was in the Reign of King Henry the Eighth, * 1.41 Anno 1537. by the Earl of Kildare, who also added the Pretence of Reli∣gion: This was soon suppressed, the Earl taken and beheaded with his five Uncles.

The third Rebellion was by O Neal, * 1.42 in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth, Anno 1563. (notwithstanding he was par∣doned for the beginning of one before) He burnt the Cathedral of Armagh, and besieged Dundalk, but without any success. After two Years Sir Henry

Sidney, Lord Lieutenant, went against •…•…im; in fight broke his Forces, so that •…•…leeing to the Scots, (whom he had •…•…ikewise injured) he was assassinated •…•…n cold Blood, and soon after attainted •…•…n Parliament, and the Title O Neal quite abolished.

The fourth Rebellion in this Coun∣•…•…ry * 1.43 was not above 14 Years after, in Anno 1579. about the middle of Queen Elizabeth. It was begun by the Earl of Desmond, who (not being of suffi∣cient power himself) called in the Spaniards, who began to possess them∣selves of several Places: But how so∣ever this was of no such ill consequence as some others were, for about a Year after, the Spaniards were all dri∣ven out, (Sir Oem being a considerable Agent against them) and the Earl him∣self was taken and executed Anno 1583.

The fifth Rebellion was in the same Reign, Anno 1595. made by Sir Oem, * 1.44 (who before had done great Service against the Earl of Desmond.) This was more dangerous than any before, he being a good Soldier. Anno 1598. he defeated the English nigh Black-Water, In 1599. brought the Earl of Essex to

condescend to a Treaty with him. In 1601. he brought the Spaniards over to his Assistance, who took and Gari∣soned Kinsale. This War lasted eight Years, till Anno 1603. Kinsale was re∣taken, and the Spaniards totally dri∣ven out; whereupon Sir Oem submit∣ted, and was brought over by the Lord Lieutenant to King Iames the First.

The sixth Rebellion was the most * 1.45 terrible of all, made by a general In∣surrection of all the Irish, Anno 1641, in the beginning of our Troubles in England, who assassinated an incredible number of the English, after such a barbarous sort as no Age nor Nation could ever parallel. Our Nation could lend them no Assistance till Anno 1649. and 50. Oliver Cromwel, with Ireton and others, gave them a most bloody Chastisement, erecting many a dread∣ful Trophie of the Divine Vengeance against all such perfidious Traitors; so that if Mercy had not been shewn in time, they might with a little more Expence of Time and Treasure, ut∣terly extirpated the Irish Name and Nation.

As for these present Troubles, I shall say nothing of, having been treat∣ed of by so many good Pens already; and in my Description of the Provin∣ces, Counties, Towns, Castles, &c. I shall say but little of these Wars; and knowing by reason of them there have been many Alterations, (which I shall take but little Notice of,) I shall give a Description of every place as they were before the Wars begun. Yet perhaps I may be a little more parti∣cular in those Towns which have been most famous in these Wars.

The Government of this Country is * 1.46 by a Vice-Roy, (though he has not that Name) first called Keepers or Wardens of Ireland, afterwards Justi∣ces of Ireland, and now Lord Lieute∣nant and Deputy of Ireland. Their Authority is Large, Ample and Royal; having Power to make War, to con∣clude Peace, to bestow all Magistracies and Offices, except a very few; to pardon all Crimes, unless they be some of High Treason; to dub Knights, &c. And truly there is not in all Chri∣stendom any other Vice Roy that tomes nigher the Majesty of a King

for his Jurisdiction, Authority, Train, Furniture, and Provision. There are assistant to him in Council the Lord Chancellor of the Realm, the Trea∣surer of the Kingdom, and others of the Earls, Bishops, Barons and Judges, which are of the Privy Council.

When any one entreth upon the Honourable Place of Government, first the Letters Patents are publickly read; after that he takes a solemn Oath in a set Form of Words before the Chancellor; then the Sword is de∣livered to him, which is to be born before him; and then he is placed in a Chair of State, having standing by him the Chancellor of the Realm; those of the Privy Council, the Peers and Nobles of the Kingdom, with a King of Arms, a Sergeant of Arms, and other Officers of State.

Besides the Lord Lieutenant him∣self, in more remote Provinces, are * 1.47 several Inferiour Governours to admi∣nister Justice, as a Principal Commis∣sioner in Connaught; and a President in the Province of Munster, who have to assist them certain Gentlemen and Lawyers who are directed by the Lord Lieutenant. As for the several

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Degrees of States, this Country has the very same as in England, as Earls, Barons, Knights, Esquires, &c.

Here are also the same Courts as in * 1.48 England; as the Parliament, (which at the King of England's Pleasure is call∣ed by the Deputy, and by him dissol∣ved) the Star Chamber, the Chancery, the Kings-Bench, the Common-Pleas, and the Exchequer; likewise four Terms in a Year. Here are also Ju∣ces of Assizes, of Nisi Prius, and of Oyer and Terminer, and Justices Peace in every County. Also the King hath his Serjeant at Law, his Sollicitor, &c. As for the Common Laws, Ireland is Governed by the same with Eng∣land.

The Strength of this Nation con∣sists * 1.49 partly in the Situation, being be∣girt about with difficult and dangerous Seas; and partly in the several Forti∣f•…•…ations and Castles built by the Eng∣lish since they became Masters of it. Their Forces have never been reckon∣ed very numerous till of late, and then they have either been so ill Disciplined, or of such Cowardly Dispositions, (es∣pecially in their own Country) that an Enemy of no very great Power (were

it not for their strong Places) might easily tame 'em.

The Arms of this Kingdom, are Azure, an Harp Or, stringed Argent, * 1.50 which Arms, King Iames the First (to shew himself absolute King of Ire∣land) caused to be Marshalled with the Royal Arms of Great Britain, and have ever since been set upon our Coyns. I should speak of the Re∣venues, Coyns, Weights, Measures, and such like of this Kingdom; as for the first, I can have no perfect account of, so that I dare not say any thing of it; as for the rest, they are mostly the same as in England.

The Ecclesiastical Government is * 1.51 under four Archbishopricks, viz. Ar∣magh, Dublin, Cashell and Tuam, under these were at once a great number of Bishopricks, and those but poor ones, (as they are generally now) but since the Reformation, have been reckoned o•…•…ly 19, and of some of those I am a little uncertain. Six are under Ar∣magh; (the Metropolitan) viz. London∣derry, Connor, Dromore, Clogher, Kil∣more and Dundalk; three under Dub∣lin, viz. Kilkenny, Kildare and Fearnes; five under Cashell, viz. Waterford,

Limrick, Cork, Ardfeart and Emly; and fi•…•… under Tuam, viz. Gallway, •…•…lone, Killala, Clonefert and Killa∣low.

This Island was anciently divided * 1.52 into many several Peoples and Pro∣vinces, as the Robognii, Darnii, Volon∣tii, Vennionii, and Erdinii in the North parts now Ulster; the Auteri, Ganganii, and Nagnata in Connaught; the Mena∣pii, Cauci, Blanii, and Brigantes in Leinster; and the Luceni, Velabri, Ulterni, Vodii, and Coriondi in Mun∣ster. Afterwards it came to be divided into five Parts, which were so many Kingdoms, viz. Ulster, Connaught, Meath, Leinster and Munster.

Since then the Kingdom of Meath have been joyned to that of Leinster, * 1.53 the rest remaining as before, so that is divided at present into four distinct Provinces, viz. 1. Ulster, 2. Connaught, 3. Leinster, and 4. Munster. The first of these lie on the North, the second on the West, the third on the East, and the fourth on the South. These Provin∣ces are divided into 32 Counties, and those subdivided into 253 Baronies or Hundreds, and those have in them 1586 Parishes. These shall be every one treated of in their Order.

CHAP. IV.

Of Ulster, shewing its Name, Bounds, Dimensions, Riv•…•…s, Products, Re∣marks, &c. and describing all its Counties, Towns and Castles.

THE Province of Ulster, is called by the Latins, Ultoni•…•…, and some∣times * 1.54 Ulidia; by the Irish, Cui Guilly, or Province of Guilly; by the Welch, Ultw•…•…; and by the English Ulster.

It is Bounded on the East with St. George's Channel; on the West with * 1.55 the main Atlantick, or W•…•…stern Ocean; on the North, with the Ducalidonian, or Northern Ocean; on the South with the Province of Leinster; and on the South-West, with the Province of Connaught: So it is encompassed on 3 sides with Sea, being almost of a round Form.

It is in length, from the most West * 1.56 Point in the County of Dunnagal, to the East parts of the County of Down, about 116 Miles: In breadth, from Fair-head, the most North Point in Antrim, to the Borders of Longford in

[illustration]

[illustration] map of Ulster

ULSTER PROVINCE

the Province of Leinster, nigh 100 Miles. The whole Circuit (counting all the Windings and Turnings) is a∣bout 460 Miles.

The chief Rivers of this Province * 1.57 are; 1. B•…•…nne, rising in the County of Down, in Armagh; it receives the River Tanwagee, and then passes through the great Lake Neagh, then divides the County of Antrim from that of Londonderry, and falls into the Ducalidonian Ocean, a little below Colerain. 2. Lough-Foyle, which washes St. Iohn's Town and Londonderry, then falls into the Ducalidonian Ocean, ma∣king a great Bay, or Lake of the same Name. 3. Swilly, in the County of Dunnaga•…•…, falling into the Ducalidonian Ocean, with a kind of a Lake. 4. Lagen-Water in Down, washing Dro∣more, Lisburn, and Belfast, falls into the Bay of Carrickfergus. 5. Newry-Water, parting Down from Armag•…•…, and falls into Ca•…•…ngford-Bay. 6. Main in Antrim, &c.

This Country abounds with large * 1.58 Lakes, shaded with many and thick Woods; the Soil is fruitfull in Corn and Grass, but in some places a little Barren; howbeit, fresh and Green to

see in every place; well furnished with Horses, Sheep and Oxen; and it affords great plenty of Timber, and Fruit-Trees. The Waters are deep, and fit for Vessels, very well repleni∣shed with Fish; and as for Salmons, here are more in some Rivers of this Country, than in any other River in Europe.

In this Province is one Archbisho∣prick, viz. Armagh; Six Bishopricks, * 1.59 (besides Raphoe, united to Londonderry) viz. Londonderry, Connor, Dromore, Clogher, Kilmore and Dundalk; Ten Market Towns, viz. Athordee, Ar∣magh, Carrickfergus, Carlingford, Drog∣heda, Dundalk, Dunnagal, Londonderry, Louth and Newry; 14 Towns of Com∣merce and Trade; 34 places that re∣turn Parliament Men, or Boroughs; 30 Castles for the Defence of the Country; and 214 Parishes in the whole. The chief City of all is Lon∣donderry.

The Boroughs are are as following, * 1.60 viz. four in Antrim; Antrim, Belfast, Carrickfergus and Lisburn: Three in Londonderry; Colerain, Lamnevaddy and Londonderry: Six in Dunnagal; Balli∣shannon, Dunnagal, St. Iohn's Town,

Kilberg, Lifford and Raphoe: Four in Tyrone; Agher, Dungannon, Omagh and Strabane: One in Fermenagh, viz. E∣niskilling: Two in Cavan; Belturbet and Cavan: One in Monoghan, viz. Monoghan: Two in Armagh; Armagh, and Charlemont: Six in Down; Bangor, Down, Hilsburrough, Killileagh, Newry and New-Town: And Four in Louth; Atherdee, Carlingford, Drogheda and Dundalk.

The Religious Places in this Pro∣vince, * 1.61 were once the Abbey of Dun∣nagal; the Monastery of Derry; the Monastery near the River Liffer; that famous one at the Bay of Carrickfer∣gus; also Millifont Abbey; and lastly, the most Renowned Monastery at Armagh, out of which many others were propagated in Britain and Ire∣land. These Places, when standing, were very much frequented by Pil∣grims.

This Province, before the English * 1.62 Conquered it, was a Kingdom of it self, under its own Kings: First Con∣quered by Iohn Curcy, a valiant Eng∣lish-Man, in the Reign of King Henry the Second: Soon after it was so neg∣lected by the English, that it was cau∣sioned

into many Estates and Princi∣palities by the Natural Irish. In this Estate it continued (the Kings of Eng∣land having but little Profit of it) till Tir-Oens Rebellion; the Conquest of whom, brought this Province in full Subjection to the Kings of England, and has ever since continued so, but not without some considerable Distur∣bances.

It was Anciently divided among the * 1.63 Erdini, in and about Fermanagh; the Venicnii, in part of Dunnagal; the Robognii, in Londonderry, Antrim•…•…, and part of Tyrone; the Volontii about Ar∣magh; and the Darni about Down and the Western parts. Afterwards by the English divided into three Counties, viz. Down, Louth and Antrim.

It stands now divided into Ten * 1.64 Counties, viz. 1. Antrim, 2. London∣derry, 3. Dunnagal, 4. Tyrone, 5. Fer∣managh, 6. Cavan, 7. Monoghan, 8. Armagh, 9. Down, and 10. Louth, of these, Five Borders on the Sea, viz. Louth, Down, Antrim, Londonderry, and Dunnagal: Tyrone, Armagh, Fer∣managh, Monoghan and Cavan•…•…, are Midland Counties. These Counties are Subdivided into 60 Barronies.

1. Antrim.

ANtrim is the most Northern Coun∣ty in Ireland; it has on the East * 1.65 St. George's Channel; on the West, Londonderry, from which parted by the River Banne; on the North the Ducalidonian Ocean; and on the South, or rather South East Down: It is in length, 46 Miles, and in breadth 27; a County of it self sufficiently Fruit∣ful.

It is divided into nine Barronies, * 1.66 viz. Bally Carie, Dunluce, Kilconway, Tome, Antrim, Glenarm, Carickfergus, Belfast, and Killultagh: In which is one Market Town and four Boroughs. The chief Town is Carrickfergus.

Principal places are, 1. Dunluce * 1.67 Castle, on the North parts upon the Ocean; a very strong Pile, seated on a Rock hanging over the Sea, and par∣ted from the Land by a Ditch. 2. Connor, 28 Miles South East of Dun∣luce, a small Bishoprick united to Down, not else of Note. 3. Antrim, five Miles South of Connor, nigh the Lake Neagh: It is a Borough, but a very ordinary

one, though it gives Name to thi•…•… County. 4. Carick fergus, or Knoc•…•… fergus, 12 Miles East of Antrim on 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Bay of the same Name: It is a Bo•…•…∣rough and Market Town, a very ric•…•… and populous place, the chief of th•…•… County; it has an excellent goo•…•… Harbour, and is well strengthned wit•…•… a Castle, but is at present somewha•…•… decaying: This place stands 90 Mile•…•… North of Dublin. 5. Belfast, 8 Mile•…•… almost South of Carrick fergus, on th•…•… Mouth of Lagen-Water by Carrick fer∣gus Bay. It is a Borough, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 thriving Town, every day increa∣sing. 6. Lisborn, or Lisnagarve, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Miles South West of Belfast, on th•…•… River Lagen-Water, by the Border•…•… of Down, remarkable for nothing bu•…•… for sometime quartering our Army.

2. Londonderry.

LOndonderry, or the County of Col•…•…∣rain, sometimes Krine, has on the East * 1.68 Antrim, from which parted by the River Banne; on the West Dunnagal; on the North the Ducalidonian Ocean; with some of Dunnagal; and on the

South, or South West Tyrone. It is in •…•…ngth 36 Miles, and in breadth 30. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Country somewhat Champion, yet •…•…ery fruitful.

It is divided into sive Baronies, viz. * 1.69 •…•…olerain, Loghinsholm, Kenoght, Tyrekeri, •…•…nd the Liberties of Londonderry: In •…•…hich is one Market Town, and three •…•…oroughs. The chief Town is Lon∣•…•…onderry.

Principal Places are; 1. Colerain, * 1.70 •…•…n the River Banne, by the Borders •…•…f Antrim, four Miles of Sea, and six •…•…outh of Dunluce Castle: It is a Bo∣•…•…ough, and a considerable Place, once •…•…iving Name to this County. 2. Lam∣•…•…evaddy, a little Borough, 10 Miles •…•…lmost West of Colerain, on the River Roe-Water, nigh Lough-Foyle. 3. Lon∣donderry, sometimes Derry, and Dory, 14 Miles almost South West of Lam∣•…•…evaddy, on the River Lough-Foyle, nigh •…•…he Borders of Dunnagal: It is a Mar∣ket Borough and Bishoprick, made a London Colony, Anno 1612. a place of no great bigness, but of singular strength and notable Fame, for other noble Resistances, as well as for the last Siege. It is now the most consi∣derable City in the Province of Ulster,

and has a very convenient Haven. It stands 108 miles almost North-west of Dublin. 4. Cumber a small Town about 8 miles South-East of London∣derry, by the borders of Tyr•…•…ne. 5. Tome Castle, a Fortress 26 miles almost East of Cumber on Lough-Neagh.

3. Dunnagal.

DUnnagall or Tir Connel, and some∣times Connallea, has on the East * 1.71 Londonderry and Tyrone, on the West the main Western Ocean; on the North the Ducalidonian Ocean; and on the South Fermanagh and the Bay of Dunnagall. It is in length 64 miles, and in breadth 35. a Country in a manner Champion and full of Havens.

It is divided into five Barronies, viz. Enish Owen, Killmakrena, Ra∣phoe * 1.72 or Lagen, Boylagh and Bannogh, and Tyrehugh. In which is one Mar∣ket Town and five Burrough; the chief Town is Dunnagall.

Principal places are 1. St. Iohns-Towns, a little Borough Town on the * 1.73 River Lough Foyle by the borders of Ty•…•…one, nigh 6 miles South West of

Londonderry. 2 Raphoe, 8 miles South West of St. Iohns Town, a poor for∣saken place, once a City and a Bi∣shoprick, since joyned to Londonderry. 3, Lifford, a small Borough Town 5 miles South East of Raphoe, on the Ri∣ver Lough Foyle by the borders of Ty∣rone. 4. Dunnagall, 35 miles South-West of Lifford, on a large Bay of the same name nigh the Mouth of the River Eask. It is a Borough and a Market-Town, the Chief of the Coun∣ty, and stands 100 miles North West of Dublin. 5. Kilbeg or Calebeg, 12 miles West of Dunnagall, a Borough-Town affording an Haven and a Com∣modious Harbour for Sailers. 6. Bal∣lishannon or Bellishann•…•…n, 12 miles South East of Kilbeg, and 8 South of Dunnagall, having a good Haven and stands nigh the borders of Fermanagh, nigh the Sea.

4. Tyrone.

TYrone or Tir-Oen, sometimes Tir-Eogain, * 1.74 has on the East Lough-Neagh and Armagh; on the West Dun∣nagall, on the North or North East

Londonderry; and on the South and South West Monaghan and Fermanagh▪ It is in length 47 miles, and in breadth 33. A County tho' rough and rugged, yet sufficiently fruitful.

It is divided into four Barronies, viz▪ Strabane, Omagh, Clogher, and Dun∣gannon. * 1.75 In which are four Boroughs but never a Market Town; the chief Town that I find here is Dungannon.

Chief Places are 1. Strabane, a Bo∣rough Town and Castle, nigh the Ri∣ver. Lough Foyle, by the borders of * 1.76 Dunnagall, 12 miles South of London∣derry. 2. Omagh or Drummaragh, a Borough Town on the River Poe Wa∣ter, about 15 miles almost South of Strabane. 3. Monjoy, a strong Fort 24 miles East of Omagh, on the Lough Neagh. 4. Dungannon, above 6 miles South West of Monjoy. a Borough-Town esteemed the head of the Coun∣ty, a place of some strength, standing on a Hill 4 miles from Charlemont in Armagh. It lies 72 miles almost North of Dublin. 5. Binburb, a little Town on the borders of Armagh, 6 miles South of Dungannon. 6. Agher, a small Borough 15 miles West of Binburb, and 9 almost South of Omagh. 7. Clog∣her,

nigh 3 miles South of Agher, a •…•…ishops See, but a very slender one.

5. Fermanagh.

FErmanagh or Farmanagh, has on the * 1.77 East Monoghan; on the North West Dunnagall; on the North and North East Tyrone, on the South Cavan, •…•…nd on the South West Letrim in Con∣•…•…aught. It is in length 38 miles, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 breadth 24. a County full of Woods •…•…nd Boggs, being a third part fill'd •…•…ith the Lough-Earne.

It is divided into Eight Baronies, * 1.78 •…•…iz. Lurge, Maghereboy, Terekenedy, •…•…ionawly, Maghere, Klonekelly, Knock∣•…•…inie, and Coole. In which is never a Market Town, and but one Borough, •…•…he Chief Town is Eniskilling.

Principal Places are 1. Tarmon, a * 1.79 Castle of considerable Note on the North parts of the great Lake, on •…•…he borders of Dunnagall. 2. Balleck, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Town 10 miles almost West of Tar∣•…•…on, by the Mouth of the Lake, by •…•…he bordars of Dunnagall, 3 miles East •…•…f Ballishannon. 3. Tully Castle, 9 •…•…iles almost East of Balleck by the

borders of the Lake. 4. Eniskilli•…•… or Inskilling, 7 miles South East 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Tully Castle, and 42 South of Londo•…•… derry. It is a Borough, the only pla•…•… of Note in this County, but small, ye•…•… of notable strength and fame in the•…•… Wars; It's scituated on a little Islan•…•… in the middle of the Lake or rathe•…•… between two Lakes, having too Forts•…•… the one called the old Fort, the othe•…•… the New Fort. It stands 78 mile•…•… North West of Dublin. 5. Crom Castle•…•… on the Lake 12 miles South East o•…•… Eniskilling.

6. Cavan.

CAvan or Cavon, sometimes East Bra∣eny, has on the North East Monog∣han, * 1.80 on the West Letrim in Connaught•…•… on the South Longford, West Meath•…•… and East Meath in Leinster. It is i•…•… length 47 miles, and in breadth 22; a•…•… County whose Inhabitants live in Piles•…•… and Forts rather than Towns.

Ir is divided into seven Barronies, * 1.81 viz. Tullagha, Tullahonoho, Cavan, Tul∣lagarvy, Clonchy, Castle Raghen, and Clo∣nomoghan. In which are two Boroughs,

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but never a Market Town. The •…•…hief Town is Cavan.

Principal Places are; 1. Belturbet, a * 1.82 •…•…ttle Borough Town on the end of •…•…ough Earne, nigh the Borders of Fer∣•…•…anagh, above 16 Miles South East of •…•…niskilling. 2. Cavan, 7 Miles South •…•…f Belturbet, a Borough Town of no •…•…ote, but for being the head of this County: It stands 55 Miles North West of Dublin. 3. Kilmore, a little •…•…own, about three Miles South West •…•…f Cavan: It is a Bishops See, but a •…•…ery poor one. 4. Castle Raghen, a •…•…astle which gives Name to a Barony •…•…3 Miles South East of Kilmore and •…•…avan, nigh the Borders of East-Meath 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Leinster.

7. Monoghan.

MOnoghan, has on the East Armagh; on the West Fermanagh; on the * 1.83 North Tyrone; on the South Cavan; •…•…nd on the South East Louth, with •…•…art of East-Meath in Leinster: It is in •…•…ength 34 Miles, and in breadth 20. 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Country mounting aloft with Hills, •…•…nd well covered with Woods.

It is divided into five Baronies, viz•…•… Trough, Monoghan, Dartree, Cremorne•…•… * 1.84 and Farny Donaghmaine: It has bu•…•… one Borough, and never a Marke•…•… Town. The chief Town is Monogha•…•… the rest are scarce worth Naming.

Chief Places are; 1. Glashlogh, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 small Town, not far off the Borders o•…•… * 1.85 Armagh and Tyrone. 2. Monoghan▪ five Miles South of Glaslogh, and fou•…•… from the Borders of Armagh: It is 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Borough Town, and the chief o•…•… the County, but not else worth the•…•… Observation. It stands 60 Miles al∣most North West of Dublin. Fo•…•… Methods sake. I shall mention, 3•…•… Clonish, a little place twelve Mile•…•… South West of Monoghan, on th•…•… Borders of Fermanagh. 4. Lislea 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a Castle four Miles South East o•…•… Clonish, not far off the Borders o•…•… Cavan.

8. Armagh.

ARmagh, or Ardmagh, has on the•…•… East, Down, partly seperated by * 1.86 the River Newry; on the West Tyron•…•… and Monoghan; on the North, the•…•…

Lough-Neagh; and on the South Louth: •…•…t is in length 32 Miles, and in breadth •…•…7. A County for rich and fertile Soil, is said to surpass any in Ire∣•…•…and.

It is divided into five Baronies, viz. * 1.87 Onealan, Towrany, Armagh, Fewes, and Orior. In which is one Market Town, •…•…nd two Boroughs. The chief Town •…•…s now Charlemont.

Principal Places are; 1. Charle∣•…•…ont, * 1.88 a Borough and strong For∣•…•…ress, now the chief of the County, •…•…emarkable for the last Siege. It •…•…tands on a River called Blackwater, •…•…n the Borders of Tyrone, four Miles South East of Dungannon. 2. Ar∣•…•…agh or Ardmagh, about seven Miles South of Charlemont, once a very fa∣mous City, now a poor place, scarce any thing remaining but a few small wasted Cottages, with the ruinous Walls of the Monastery, Priors, and Primates Palace; yet it is still an Archbishops See, and the Metropoli∣tan of all Ireland, and keeps the Name of a Borough, and Market Town. 3. Tyan, a small place seven Miles al∣most West of Armagh, on the Borders of Tyrone and Monoghan. 4. Mayre-Castle,

19 Miles South East of Armag•…•… on the Borders of Louth, nigh five Mil•…•… North of Dundalk.

9. Down.

DOwn, has on the East St. George Channel; on the West Armag•…•… * 1.89 partly seperated by the River Neury▪ on the North, or rather North We•…•… Antrim; and on the South Carling ford Bay, (which parts it from Louth and the Ocean. It is in length 4•…•… Miles, and in breadth 30. A Count•…•… very fertile, though in some places i•…•…∣cumbred with Woods and Bogs.

It is divided into eight Baronies▪ viz. Ards, Castlereagh, Dufferin, Lek•…•… * 1.90 ale, Kinalearty, Lower Evagh, Upp•…•… Evagh, and Moourne. In which is on•…•… Market Town and six Boroughs. Th•…•… chief Town is Down.

Chief Places are; 1. Bangor, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Borough Town on Carickfergus Bay * 1.91 seven Miles South East of that place 2. Newtown, four Miles nigh Sout•…•… of Bangor, a Borough Town o•…•… the North of the Louth of Strang∣ford. 3. Hillsburrough, a Boroug•…•…

Town, 16 Miles South West of •…•…ewtown, and three from Lisburn in •…•…ntrim. 4. Dromore, four Miles nigh •…•…outh of Hillsburrough, a small Bi∣•…•…oprick. 5. Kilileagh, a little Bo∣•…•…ough, 17 Miles East of Dromore, •…•…n the Louth of Strangford. 6. •…•…trangford, six Miles South East of Killileagh, a little Town on the Mouth •…•…f a Lough of the same Name. 7. •…•…own, or Down Patrick, a Borough, •…•…nd head of this County, six Miles •…•…igh West of Strangford: It is a •…•…ishoprick united to Connor in An∣•…•…im, and is one of the most ancient •…•…owns in Ireland, famous for the •…•…ones of St. Patrick, St. Bridget, •…•…nd St. Columbus: It stands 65 Miles •…•…llmost North East of Dublin. 8. •…•…eury, 25 Miles South West of Down, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Borough and Market Town, on the •…•…iver Neury, by the Borders of Ar∣•…•…agh.

10. Louth.

LOuth, anciently Luva and Luda, in * 1.92 Irish Iriel, has on the East St. George's Channel; on the West Mo∣noghan

and East-Meath and Leinster on the North Armagh and Carling∣ford Bay, which parts it from Down and on the South East Meath, fro•…•… which parted by the River Boyne It is but 25 Miles long, and 13 broad▪ A County full of Forage, and suffici∣ently Fruitful.

It is divided into four Baronies viz. Dundalk, Louth, Atherdee, an•…•… * 1.93 Ferrard; in which little compass ar•…•… five Market Towns, and four Baronie•…•… The chief Town is Drogheda.

Chief Places are; 1. Carlingford nigh the Borders of Down, a Boroug•…•… and Market Town, a considerabl•…•… * 1.94 Place of good Resort, standing on 〈◊〉〈◊〉 commodious Bay of the same Name 2. Dundalk, eight Miles South Wes•…•… of Carlingford, a Borough, Marke•…•… Town, and Bishoprick: It was for∣merly Walled, but now Dismantled it has a very commodious Haven, an•…•… is remarkable for the quartering ou•…•… Forces. 3. Louth, seven Miles Sout•…•… West of Dundalk, a small Marke•…•… Town, not now remarkable for an•…•… thing, but giving Name to the County 4. Atherdee, or Ardee, a Borough an•…•… Market Town, six Miles South o•…•…

Louth. 5. Drogheda, or Tredagh, 12 Miles South West of Atherdee, a Bo∣rough and Market Town, the chief of this County, a very fine strong and well inhabited Place, and has an excellent Haven. It stands on the River Boyne, on the Borders of Leinster, about 24 Miles North of Dublin.

Thus much for ULSTER.

CHAP. V.

Of Connaught shewing its Name, Bounds, Dimensions, Rivers, Products, Remarks, &c. and describing all its Counties, Towns and Castles.

THe Province of Connaught, or Co∣naught, sometimes Connagh, by * 1.95 the Latines Conacia, and sometimes Conachtia, by the Irish Connaughty and Connaughly, and sometimes called the County of Clare.

It is bounded on the East with the * 1.96 Province of Leinster, from which se∣parated by the River Shannon; on the West, with the Main Western Ocean; on the North and North-East, with some part of the Ocean; and the Pro∣vince of Ulster; and on the South and South-East, with the Province of Munster, from which parted by the River Shannon. The Form of it is long, and towards the North and South ends narrow.

It is in length from the North parts of the County of Letrim, to Cape * 1.97 Leane, the most South Point in Tho∣mond

[illustration]

[illustration] map of Connaught

CONNAUGHT PROVINCE

County, about 130 Miles: In breadth, from the East parts of Letrim, •…•…o Black-Harbour in the West parts of Mayo, about 84 Miles: The Circuit, (reckoning all the little Windings and Turnings) may be about 500 Miles.

As for the Rivers, here are few of * 1.98 considerable Note besides that great one of Shannon, spoken of before. The chief are, 1. Moy, in the County of Mayo, which for a little way divides •…•…hat County from Slego, and falls into •…•…he Ocean by Mayo and Killala. 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Suck, which divides the County of Roscommon from Gallway, and falls into •…•…he River Shannon, not far off Clonefert. 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Droses, a little River in the Coun∣•…•…y of Thomond, which falls into the •…•…hannon, a little East of Clare. 4. Gyll, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 small River in the County of Gall∣•…•…ay, which falls into the Bay of Gall∣•…•…ay.

This Province abounds with many * 1.99 •…•…onvenient Bays and Creeks fit for Navigation: In some places it is fresh •…•…d fruitful, in some places dangerous, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 reason of the many Bogs, and thick 〈◊〉〈◊〉 with Woods, (though of late much •…•…eared of both) the Air not so clear as 〈◊〉〈◊〉 some places, by reason of the va∣pourous

and foggy Mists. The Soi•…•… sufficiently fruitful, were not the In∣habitants so much wanting, producing abundance of Cattel, good store o•…•… Deer and Hawks, and plenty of Ho∣ney. It is the meanest of the fou•…•… Provinces in general.

In this Province is one Archbishop∣rick, viz. Tuam; five Bishopricks * 1.100 besides Angchony and Mayo united t•…•… Tuam, and Achonry united to Elphin▪ viz. Gallway, Atblone, Killala, Clonefert and Killalow; seven Market-Towns viz. Athlone, Clare, Gallway, Kingstown Roscommon and Slego; eight Place•…•… of Commerce and Trade; 12 Place•…•… that return Parliament-Men, or Bo∣roughs; 24 Castles of old Erection besides Fortresses raised in later Trou∣bles; and 366 Parishes. The princi∣pal Town of the whole is Gallway.

Those that go by the Name of Bo∣roughs, are as follow; viz. two i•…•… * 1.101 Letrim, Iames-town and Carrickdrum∣rush: One in Slego, viz. Slego: On•…•… in Mayo, viz. Castlebar: Four in Ros∣common; Elphin, Tulsk, Athlone an•…•… Roscommon: Three in Gallway; Athen∣ry, Gallway and Tuam: And one i•…•… Thomond, viz. Enistown.

The Religious Places of this Pro∣vince * 1.102 were once the Monastery of Col∣man (a devout Saint) at Inisleath; the Monastery of Mayo, built by thirty Men of the English Nation; a famous Abby in the Barony of Boil, under Curlew Hills, together with the Abby of Beatitude. These Places are now become the Ruines of Time.

This Province was, before the En∣glish * 1.103 Conquest of it, a Kingdom of it self. First Conquered by several En∣glish Adventurers in the Reign of King Henry the Second; not long after, so neglected by the English, that it was cantoned again among the Irish and degenerate English till Tir Oen's Re∣bellion, by whose Conquest the Pro∣vince was also reduced to the English Government, but never so throughly Conquered as the rest; Governed by a principal Commissioner under the Lord Lieutenant. It is now the only Province that remains unreduced.

It was anciently divided (that is, in * 1.104 Ptolemy's time) among the Gangani, said to dwell about the Counties of Thomond and Gallway; the Auteri, in and about the County of Mayo; and the Nagnati in Roscommon, and the

North-Eastern parts. After it became one Province, here is to be noted that Thomond was for a long time counted a part of Munster.

It is at present divided into six Coun∣ties, * 1.105 viz. 1. Letrim, 2. Slego, 3. Mayo, 4. Roscommon, 5. Gallway, and 6. Tho∣mond, or Clare County. Of these, four border on the Sea, (besides Letrim) viz. Slego, Mayo, Gallway and Thomond. Roscommon is a Midland County, so may also Letrim be counted so. These Counties are subdivided into 51 Ba∣ronies.

1. Letrim.

LEtrim, the most Northern Eastern * 1.106 County, has on the East and North-East Cavan and Fermanagh in Ulster; on the West and South-West Slego and Roscommon; on the North (where it is very small) the Ocean, with a lit∣tle of Dunnagal in Ulster; and on the South-East and South Longford in Lein∣ster. It is in length 44 Miles, and in breadth 18. A County mounted with Hills full of rank Grass, feeding an infinite Number of Cattel.

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It is divided into five Baronies, viz. * 1.107 Rosclogher, Drumhaire, Carrigallen, Le∣trim, and Mohil. In which are two Boroughs, but never a Market-Town. The chief Town is Letrim.

Principal Places are, 1. Letrim, standing * 1.108 not far off the River Shannon. It gives Name, and is reckoned the chief of the County, but not else of Note at pre∣sent. It stands 75 Miles almost North-West of Dublin. 2. Carrick-drumrush, a small Borough-Town, nigh three Miles South-West of Letrim, standing on the River Shannon by the Borders of Roscommon. 3. Iames-town, another Borough, nigh four Miles South-East of Carrickdrum, on the same River, by the Borders of Roscommon.

2. Slego.

SLego, has on the East, Letrim; on * 1.109 the West, part of the County of Mayo; on the North, or North-West, the Western Ocean; and on the South and South-West, Roscommon and Mayo. It is in length 36 Miles, and in breadth 34. A very plentiful County for feed∣ing and raising of Cattel.

It is divided into six Baronies, viz. Carbuy, Tiraghril, Corran, Coolavan, Le∣ney, * 1.110 and Tyreragh: In which is one Market-Town, and but one Borough, the chief Town is Slego.

Chief Places are, 1. Slego, five Miles off the Borders of Letrim, on a Bay * 1.111 of the same Name, having a very com∣modious Harbour, and a strong Ca∣stle: It is the chief and only Town of Note in this County, and is a Borough and Market-Town. It stands 95 Miles almost North-East of Dublin. 2. A∣chonry, 17 Miles almost South of Slego, once a City and Bishoprick, now quite •…•…ined; and the Bishoprick united to Elphin in Roscommon. 3. Castel-Connor, 17 Miles nigh West of Achonry on the River Moy, by the Borders of Mayo.

3. Mayo.

MAyo, or Majo, has on the East and North-East Roscommon and Slego; * 1.112 on the West the Main Western Ocean; on the North with the same Ocean; and on the South with the Country of Gallway. It is in length 58 Miles, and

in breadth 44. A fertile County, a∣bundantly rich in Cattel, Deer, Hawks, and plenty of Honey.

It is divided into nine Baronies, * 1.113 viz. Tyrawly, Erris, Burithoole, Gallen, Costello, Clonemorris, Killmain, Corrah, and Morrisk; in which there is but one Borough, and never a Market Town. The chief Town is reckoned Mayo.

Principal Places are; 1. Killala, or * 1.114 Killaloo, a small Town, which is a Bishops See, standing by the Sea side, or rather by a large Bay. 2. Mayo, or Moy, about three Miles South East of Killala, reckoned the chief Town of the County, but now much decay'd: It was once a Bishoprick, now joyn'd to Tuam, and the Jurisdiction to Killa∣la; it stands on the Mouth of the Ri∣ver Moy, on the Borders of Slego, about 115 Miles almost West of Dublin. 3. Castlebar, 22 Miles South of Mayo, a small Borough Town, standing on a little River, which falls into the Lough Conn. 4. Shroule, a little Town in the Borders of Gallway, 23 Miles South of Castle-Bar.

4. Roscommon.

ROscommon has on the East Longford, * 1.115 East-Meath, and part of Kings-County in Leinster, with part of Letrim, from which parted by the River Shan∣non; on the West Mayo and Gallway; on the North and North-East Slego and Letrim; and on the South and South-East Gallway and Kings-County: It is in length 54 miles, and in breadth 28: A County plain and fruitful, and with mean Husbandry yieldeth plenty of Corn.

It is divided into Six Baronies, viz. * 1.116 Boyle, Ballintuber-West, Roscommon, Bal∣limoe, Athlone, and Moyearne: In which are two Market-Towns, and four Boroughs; the principal Town is Athlone.

Chief Places are, 1. Boyle. a little Place by the Lake Key, nigh the Bor∣ders * 1.117 of Slego, of some Note in these Wars, and remarkable for an old Ab∣bey. 2. Elphin, a Bishop's See, 10 miles South of Boyle, but of no great Note. 3. Tulsk, a small Borough Town, nigh three miles South-West

of Elphin. 4. Roscommon, 13 miles South of Tulsk, a Borough and Market Town, which gives Name to this County, but is but a poor place, all the Houses being mean and thatch'd. 5. Athlone, a Borough, Market Town, and a Bishop's See, about 15 miles South-East of Roscommon: It is a place of considerable strength, and the Key of all Connaught, and the chief of these parts: It stands on the River Shannon, on the Confines of West-Meath in Lein∣ster nigh Lough Ree; and has a Castle, and a very beautiful Bridge of hewen Stone: It stands 60 miles West of Dublin. 6. Ballinasloe, a little Town 12 miles South-West of Athlone, on the River Suck, by Gallway.

5. Gallway.

GAllway has on the East part of * 1.118 Kings-County and Tipperary (from which parted by the River Shannon) and some of Roscommon; on the West, the main Ocean; on the North and North-East the Counties of Mayo and Roscommon; and on the South Thomond: It is in length 82 miles, and in breadth

48: A County very fruitful to the Husbandman, and no less profitable to the Shepherd.

It is divided into 17 Baronies, viz. * 1.119 Ballinananen, Rosse, Moycullin, Clare, Donamore, Ballimore, Kellehane, Tiaquin, Killconnell, Clon-Mac-Owen, Loughreagh, Kiltartan, and the Isles of Arran. In which are two Market Towns, and three Boroughs: The chief Town is Gallway.

Chief Places are, 1. Tuam or Toam * 1.120 an Archbishop's See, 7 miles off the Borders of Mayo, once a famous City, but now reduced to a meer Village. 2. Gallway or Gallive, a Bishop's See, Market and Borough, 17 miles South of Tuam, a very strong, neat, and rich City, the third (by some counted the second,) in all Ireland: It is built almost round, and in a manner Tower∣like, of entire Stone: It is situated by the fall of the Lake Corbes into the Sea, and by a large, safe, and dilicate Har∣bour, call'd the Bay of Gallway, capa∣ble of a vast Fleet of Ships, so well seated for Merchandize, that it has been looked upon as the greatest place of Trade in all Ireland: It stands 102 miles West of Dublin. 3. Athenree or

Aterith, a Borough Town 9 miles East of Gallway, enclosed with a Wall of great Circuit, but slenderly inhabited. 4. Clonefart, a decaying Town 25 miles East of Athenree, and 2 from the Shan∣non: It still keepeth the Title of a Bishop's See. 6. Portumny, a small place 8 miles almost South of Clonefart upon the River Shannon nigh Lough-Derg.

6. Thomond.

THomond or Clare County, sometimes Twomond and Twowoun, or North-Munster (then part of Munster,) has on * 1.121 the East and South the River Shannon, which parts it from Tipperary, Limrick, and Kerry in Munster; on the West the Ocean; and on the North Gallway: It is in length 55 miles, and in breadth 38: A County of a very fruitful Soil, and commodious for Navigation.

It is divided into eight Baronies, viz. * 1.122 Burrin, Inchiquin, Tullagh, Bunratty, Islands, Ibrickan, Clanderlay, and Moy∣sarta. In which are two Market-Towns, and but one Borough: The chief Town is Killalow.

Principal Places are, 1. Killalow or Labu, a Market Town and a Bishop's * 1.123 See, once a very considerable place, but now decaying, though still counted the chief of the County: It stands on the River Shannon, on the Borders of Tipperary, 10 miles almost North of Limrick, and about 90 miles almost South-West of Dublin. 2. Enis Town, a Borough about 20 miles West of Killalow. 3. Clare, nigh three miles South of Enes Town, a Market Town, which gives Name to this County, there∣fore by some reckoned the head there∣of: It stands nigh a Lake made by the River Shannon. 4. Bunrotty, 11 miles South-East of Clare, a little Town standing by the River Shannon, and fortified with a Castle.

Thus much for CONNAUGHT.

[illustration]

[illustration] map of Leinster

LEINSTER PROVINCE

CHAP. VI.

Of Leinster, shewing its Name, Bounds, Dimentions, Rivers, Products, Re∣marks, &c. and describing all its Coun∣ties, Towns, and Castles.

THE Province of Leinster, some∣times * 1.124 called Lemster, by the La∣tins Lagenia, and in more Ancient Times Lagen; it is called by the na∣tural Irish Leighnigh and Leighingh; and by the Welsh Lein.

It is bounded on the East with the * 1.125 •…•…rish Ocean or St. George's Channel; •…•…n the West with the Province of •…•…onnaught, from which separated by •…•…he River Shannon; on the North with •…•…he Province of Ulster; on the South •…•…ith the Ocean; and on the South-West with the Province of Munster, a little way parted by the River Shure: In form it may be said somewhat to re∣semble a Triangle.

It is in length from the most North parts of the County of East-Meath, to Hooke-Tower, the Southern Point in the County of Wexford, about 112 Miles; in breadth from the Town of Wicklow, to the most West part of King's County, about 70 Miles. The Circuit (reckoning the Windings and Turnings) may be about 360 Miles.

The chief Rivers are; 1. Barrow, which arises in Queen's County, running * 1.126 East, and then South, washes Caterlagh and Lughlin, then takes the Shure nigh Waterford, and together with it falls into the Ocean. 2. Boyne, which a∣rises in King's County, and run to∣wards the North East, washes Trim, Navan, Slaine, and Drogheda, and immediately after looses it self in the Ocean. 3. Liffe, or Leffy, arising in the County of Wicklow, about 15 Miles from its fall into the Sea, and takes a large compass, and falls into the Sea at Dublin. 4. Nuer, beginning in Queen's County, washes Kilkenny and Thomas-Town, and falls into the River Barrow, a little above Ross. 5. Urrin, or Slane, beginning in Wicklow, washes Ballinglass and Inishcorthy, and falls in∣to the Sea at Wexford. 6. Inny in

Kings-County, falling into the Shannon at Lough-Ree.

This Province is very fertile and * 1.127 fruitful in Corn and Pasture-Ground, and well watered with Rivers; the Air clear and gentle, mixt with a tem∣perate Disposition, yielding neither ex∣•…•…remity of Heat nor Cold. It is plen∣tiful both in Fish and Flesh, and in o∣ther Victuals, as Butter, Cheese, and Milk. The Commodities chiefly con∣sists in Cattel, Sea-Fowl and Fish, and breeds excellent good Horses. The Inhabitants come nearest the Civil Dis∣position of the English, from whom they are for the most part descended; so that I look upon this to be the most considerable Province in Ireland.

In this Province is one Archbishop∣rick, * 1.128 viz. Dublin; three Bishopricks, (besides Loughlin united to Fearnes, and Glenelach united to Dublin,) viz. Fearnes, Kildare and Kilkenny: 16 Market-Towns, viz. Athboy, Arcklo, Ardragh, Carbre, Dublin, Kildare, Kil∣kenny, Longford, Loughlin, Mariburrough, Molingar, Philips-town, Ross, Trim, Wex∣ford and Wicklow: 47 Places of Com∣merce, and as many that return Par∣•…•…iament-Men, or Boroughs: 102 Ca∣stles

well fortified by the English, and 926 Parishes. The chief place i•…•… Dublin, also chief of the Kingdom.

The Boroughs are; Three in Long∣ford; * 1.129 St. Iohns-Town, Lanesburroug•…•… and Longford: Three in West-Meath▪ Foore, Killbegan and Molingar: Six i•…•… East-Meath; Athboy, Duleck, Kells, Na∣van, Ratooth and Trim: Three in Dub∣lin; Dublin, Newcastle and Swords. Four in Wicklow; Arcklo, Ballinglass Blessen and Wicklow: Three in Kil∣dare; Arthy, Kildare and Naas: Thre•…•… in Kings-County; Bir, Bunalin an•…•… Philips-town: Three in Queens-County Ballinekill, Mariburrough and Port-Ar∣lington: Eight in Kilkenny; Callen, St▪ Canice, Gowran, Inis-teige, Kells, Kil∣kenny, Knocktopher and Thomas-Town. Two in Catherlagh; Catherlagh an•…•… Loughlin: And eight in Wexfor•…•…; Ban∣nae, Clamine, Clonegeen, Feathard, Inis∣corthy, Rosse, Taghmon and Wexford.

The Religious Places of this Pro∣vince * 1.130 were once the Monastery of S•…•… Mary of Oustmanby; the Magnificen•…•… Abby called St. Thomas-Court at Dubli•…•… built by King Henry the Second o•…•… England: Likewise Tintern Monaste∣ry, that notable Abby founded b•…•…

William Marshall Earl of Pembrook, who called it de Voto, because of a Vow that he made. These Places have now little remaining.

This Province was, before the En∣glish Conquest of it, divided into two * 1.131 Kingdoms, viz. Leinster and Meath, both under their own Kings; till a falling out hapned between the King of Meath and he of Leinster, which caused King Henry the Second of Eng∣land to make a Conquest of it. Lein∣ster has been inseparably annexed to England ever since, but Meath was granted in Fee-Farm to Hugh Lacy, a Noble English-man. Since which it came wholly under the King of Eng∣land, and now the Province of Meath is united to Leinster.

It was anciently divided among the * 1.132 Brigantes, inhabiting Kilkenny, Cater∣lagh, Kings and Queens Counties; the Menapii, in and about Wexford; the Cauci, in and about Wicklow; and the Blanii or Elbanii in Dublin, East-Meath and West-Meath. Afterwards divided into Meath and Leinster, (as before was said;) Meath contained the Coun∣ties of East-Meath, West-Meath, and Longford.

It is now divided into 11 Countie•…•… * 1.133 viz. 1. Longford, 2. West-Meath, 3. Eas•…•… Meath, 4. Dublin, 5. Wicklow, 6. Ki•…•… dare, 7. Kings-County, 8. Queens-Count•…•… 9. Kilkenny, 10. Catherlagh, and 11. Wex∣ford. Of these, four borders on th•…•… Sea, viz. East-Meath, Dublin, Wicklo•…•… and Wexford; the seven others ar•…•… Midland Counties. These Countie•…•… are again divided into 90 Baronies.

1. Longford.

LOngford (by some made in Con∣naught) is the most North-We∣stern * 1.134 County, and has on the East and South, West-Meath; on the North and North-East, Letrim in Connaught, and Cavan in Ulster; and on the West, the River Shannon, which parts it from Roscommon in Connaught. It is in lengt•…•… 27 Miles, and in breadth 16. A small▪ but a rich and pleasant County.

It is divided into six Baronies, viz. * 1.135 Longford, Granard, Ardagh, Moydoe, Rath∣lin and Shrowle: In which are two Market-Towns and three Boroughs; the chief Town is Longford.

Principal Places are, 1. St. Iohns-Town, * 1.136 or Ballanalie, a Borough-Town

on the River Camlin, in almost the •…•…iddle of the County. 2. Longford, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the same River, five Miles almost •…•…est of St. Iohns-Town, a Market-•…•…own and a Borough, the chief of the •…•…ounty, but of no great Note. It •…•…ands about 58 Miles almost West of •…•…ublin. 3. Ardagh, six Miles South-•…•…ast of Longford, a little decayed Mar∣•…•…et-Town. 4. Lanesburrough, almost •…•…2 Miles West of Ardagh, a Borough-•…•…own standing on the River Shannon, which has a Bridge over it into Ros∣•…•…ommon.

2. West-Meath.

WEst-Meath, has on the East, East-Meath; * 1.137 on the West the River •…•…hannon, (which parts it from Roscom∣•…•…on in Connaught) and Longford; on •…•…he North, Cavan in Ulster; and on the South, Kings-County. It is in length •…•…0 Miles, and in breadth 20. A Coun∣•…•…y which gives place to none in Ferti∣•…•…ity and Populousness.

It is divided into 11 Baronies, viz. * 1.138 Foore, Delyn, Moygoish, Corkery, Molingar, Fabill, Furtullagh, Moycashell, Rathconrath, Kilkenny and Clunlona: In which is one

Market-Town, and three Boroughs; the chief Town is Molingar.

Principal Places are, 1. Foore, a Bo∣rough-Town, * 1.139 two Miles off the Bor∣ders of East-Meath, of little Note 2. Molingar or Mullenger, 13 Miles South of Foore, a Market and Bo∣rough-Town, of considerable Note and Strength, not only the chief of this County, but of the whole Province of Meath. It stands 40 Miles nigh•…•… West of Dublin. 3. Ballimore, 13 Miles West of Molingar; a small Town nigh•…•… the South-parts of Longford. 4. Kill∣began, 10 Miles South-East of Balli∣more; a little Borough-Town on the River Brasmagh, by the Borders o•…•… Kings-County.

3. East-Meath

EAst-Meath, has on the East, the * 1.140 Ocean and Dublin; on the North and North-East, Cavan and Louth in Ulster; on the West, West-Meath; and on the South, Kildare. It is in length 38 Miles, and in breadth as many. A County very rich, pleasant and populous.

It is divided into 11 Baronies; viz * 1.141

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Moyrgallon, Slane, Duleck, Skreene, Na∣van, Kells, Lune, Moysenragh, Deece, Ra∣to•…•…h, and Dunboyne. In which are two Market-Towns, and six Boroughs; the chief Town is Trim.

Chief Places are, 1. Kells, a little * 1.142 Borough on a small River called Black-Water, which falls into the Boyne nigh Navan. 2. Slane, a little Town on the Boyne, 12 Miles East of Kells, and se∣ven West of Drogheda. 3. Duleck, a Borough seven Miles nigh East of Slane, and four South of Drogheda, on the River Nenny. 4. Navan, a small Borough on the River Boyne, 10 Miles West of Duleck, and seven almost South-East of Kells. 5. Athboy, or A∣boy, eight Miles South-West of Navan, a Borough and Market-Town, well in∣habited, and of good resort. 6. Trim, six Miles almost South-East of Athboy, on the River Boyne, a Borough and Market-Town of good Trade, reck∣oned the chief in the County. It stands 23 Miles almost North-West of Dub∣lin. 7. Ratooth, a little Borough-Town 12 Miles East of Trim, and as many North-West of Dublin.

4. Dublin.

DUblin, or Divelin, has on the East * 1.143 the Irish Ocean, or St. George's Channel; on the West and North-West, Kildare and East-Meath; and on the South, Wicklow. It is a small County but 28 Miles long, and 16 broad. A County very rich and fer∣tile in Corn and Grass, but destitute of Woods, so that they have a kind of a fat Turff or Coal.

It is divided into six Baronies, viz. * 1.144 Ballrudery, Cross, Cooleck, Castleknock, Newcastle and Rathdowne. In which is one Market-Town and three Bo∣roughs; the chief is Dublin.

Chief Places are, 1. Swords, a little * 1.145 Borough-Town nigh the Sea, eight Miles North of Dublin. 2. Dublin, or Balacleigh, an Archbishoprick, a Market and Borough, the Metropolis of the Kingdom, the Seat of the Vice-Roy, and an University. It is a very Noble City, (surpassing any in Eng∣land except London) adorned with ma∣ny Glorious Buildings, seated on a de∣lectable and wholsom place, (first built on Piles of Wood) on the River

Liffe, which affords it an excellent Haven: To the South are Hills, West∣ward an open Champion Ground, on •…•…he East the Sea at Hand in sight. It •…•…as a very strong Wall of rough •…•…uilding Stone, towards the South for∣•…•…ified with Rampiers. It openeth at •…•…ix Gates, from whence there run forth Suburbs of great length: Towards •…•…he East stands the Kings Castle on •…•…igh, most strongly fenced with Dit∣•…•…hes and Towers: Just over against •…•…t is a beautiful College, richly En∣•…•…owed and Consecrated unto the Name of the Holy Trinity. Here •…•…re also many other fine Buildings, as •…•…he Cathedral, the Archbishops Pa∣•…•…ace, the Collegiate Church, the Town-Hall, &c. 3. Newcastle, a Bo∣•…•…ough-Town eight Miles almost West •…•…f Dublin. Here also stood the City •…•…f Glendelach, a Bishop's See; now •…•…uined, and the Bishoprick united to Dublin.

3. Wicklow.

WIcklow, (sometimes a part of the * 1.146 County of Dublin) has on the East St. George's Channel; on the West,

Kildare and Catherlagh; on the North, Dublin; and on the South, Wexford. It is in length 36 Miles, and in breadth 28. A County sufficiently fruitful.

It is divided into six Baronies, viz. * 1.147 Rathdown, (part in Dublin) Newcastle▪ Talbotstone, Ballinecur, Arcklow and Shel▪ Aly. In which are two Market-Town•…•… and four Boroughs; the principa•…•… Town is Wicklow.

Chief Places are, 1. Blessinto, a smal•…•… Borough-Town on the River Liffe•…•… * 1.148 bordering on Kildare. 2. Baltinglasse▪ another Borough, 13 Miles South o•…•… Blessinto, on the River Urrin or Slane▪ by the Borders of Catherlagh. 3. Wick∣low, a Market-Town and Borough, 2•…•… Miles East of Baltinglasse. It is the chief of the County standing on the Sea, and has a narrow Haven at the Mouth of the River Letrim, ov•…•… which stands a Rock in stead of a Ca∣stle, enclosed with a strong Wall: I•…•… stands 24 Miles nigh South of Dublin 4. Arcklow, a Market-Town and a Bo∣rough, 12 Miles South of Wicklow. I•…•… stands by the Sea, and once gave Name to a County, and now a Title to the Duke of Ormond, who is Baron of this place.

6. Kildare.

KIldare, has on the East, Dublin and * 1.149 Wicklow; on the West, Kings-County and Queens County; on the North, E•…•…st-Meath; and on the South, Catherlagh. It is in length 38 Miles, and in breadth 23. A County most rich and plentiful in all things.

It is divided into eight Baronies, * 1.150 viz. Carburny, Ikeathy, Salt, Naas, Con∣nel, Ophally, Noragh and Reban, Kileah and Mone. In which are two Market-Towns and three Boroughs; the chief Town is Kildare.

Principal places are, 1. Carbury or * 1.151 Carbre, towards the North-West part a Market-Town, but much decayed. 2. Naas, a Borough-Town 13 Miles South-East of Carbury, nigh the River Liffe. 3. Kildare or Kildar, 11 Miles almost West of Naas; it is a conside∣rable place, the chief of the County, a Market-Town, a Borough and a Bi∣shop's See, formerly much celebrated for the Holy Virgin Briged. It stands 27 Miles South-West of Dublin. 4. Ar∣thy, a Borough-Town 12 Miles South of Kildare, on the River Barrow, not

far off of the Borders of Queens-County.

7. Kings-County.

KIngs-County, formerly called Offaly, * 1.152 has on the East, Kildare; on the West, the River Shannon, (which parts it from Gallway in Connaught) and part of Tipperary in Munster; on the North, West-Meath; and on the South and South-East, Tipperary and Queens-Coun∣ty. It is in length 48 Miles, and in breadth 14. A County not so rich as some others.

It is divided into 11 Baronies, viz. * 1.153 Warrenstown, Coolestown, Philipstown, Geshill, Kilcoursi, Ballicowen, Balliboy, Carri-Castle, Eglish, Ballibrit and Clon∣lisk. In which is one Market-Town and three Boroughs; the chief Town is Phillipstown.

Principal Places are, 1. Phillipstown or Kingstown, towards the North parts, * 1.154 three Miles off the Borders of West-Meath, a Market-Town and Borough, not remarkable for any thing but for being the Head of the County. It stands 38 Miles West of Dublin. 2. Bunalin or Bannahet, a small Bo∣rough-Town,

25 Miles almost South-West of Phillipstown, standing on the River Shannon, on the Borders of Gall∣way in Connaught. 3. Bir, another lit∣tle Borough-Town six Miles South of Bunalin, standing on the Borders of Tipperary in Munster, on a River that runs into the Shannon.

8. Queens-County.

QUeens-County, in Irish Lease, has on * 1.155 the East, Kildare; on the North and West, Kings-County with Tipperary in Munster; and on the South, Kil∣kenny. It is in length 35 Miles, and in breadth 32. A County full of Woods and Bogs.

It is divided into seven Baronies, * 1.156 viz. Portneh inch, Stradbally, Balliadam, Slewmargie, Cullinagh, Mariburow and Upper Ossery. In which is one Market-Town and three Boroughs; the chief Town is Mariburow.

Chief Places are, 1. Port-Arlinton, * 1.157 a small Borough-Town in the North parts of this County on the River Bar∣row, on the Borders of Kings-County. 2. Mariburow or Queenstown, 10 Miles South of Port-Arlinton: It is a Bo∣rough

and a Market-Town, but no•…•… otherwise remarkable than for bein•…•… the Head of the County. It stand•…•… 72 Miles almost South-West of Dubli•…•… 3. Ballinekill, another Borough-Tow•…•… eight Miles South of Mariburow, an•…•… about a Mile from the Borders of Kil∣kenny.

9. Kilkenny.

KIlkenny, has on the East, Catherlag•…•… * 1.158 and Wexford; on the West, Tip∣perary in Munster; on the North, Queens-County; and on the South; Waterford i•…•… Muster, from which parted by th•…•… River Shure. It is in length 40 Miles and in breadth 22. A County wit•…•… Towns and Castles on every side makes a fine shew, and in plenty o•…•… all things gives place to none.

It is divided into 11 Baronies, viz. Fassadinig, Galmoy, Cranagh, Kilkenn•…•… * 1.159 lib. Shellilogher, Gow•…•…an, Kells, Knock•…•… pher, Ida, Ibercon and Iverk. In which is one Market-Town, and 8 Boroughs; the chief Town is Kilkenny.

Chief Places are, 1. Kilkenny, a Mar∣ket, a Borough, and a Bishoprick, in * 1.160 the middle of the County on the River

Nuer. It is a large and strong Ci∣ty, the most populous, Rich, and well Traded Inland Town in Ireland: It consists of two parts, the Irish Town, in which is the Cathedral; and the English, which was built since, and is now the principal, the former being only a Suburb to it. It stands 56 Miles South West of Dublin. 2. Gowran, a Borough, 8 Miles East of Kilkenny, nigh the Bor∣ders of Catherlagh. 3. Callen, a Bo∣rough 15 Miles almost South West of Gowran, on the River Callen, the third Town of the County. 4. Kells, a Borough Town on the same River, six Miles West of Callen. 5. Thomas-Town, a Borough four Miles West of Kells, on the Kiver Nuer: It is a Walled Town, the Second in the County. 6. Inishteige, a Bo∣rough on the same River, four Miles South East of Thomas-Town, and the Fourth in the County. 7. Knockto∣pher, another Borough seven Miles West of Inisteige: Here is a little Borough called St. Canice, three Miles-West of Kilkenny.

10. Catherlagh.

CAthelagh, Caterlagh, or Carlogh, * 1.161 has on the East Wicklow and Wex∣ford; on the West Kilkenny, and part of Queen's County; on the North Kildare; and on the South and South East Wexford: It is in length 28 Miles, and in breadth 18. A County of a fertile Soil, and well shaded with Woods.

It is divided into five Baronies, viz. * 1.162 Ravilly, Catherlagh, Forth, Idr•…•…ne, and St. Mullin. In which is one Market-Town and two Boroughs. The chief Town is Catherlagh.

Principal Places are; 1. Catherlagh, or Caterlogh, standing on the River * 1.163 Barrow, on the Borders of Queens County. It is a Market-Town, and a Borough, the chief of the County, and is fortified with a Castle: It stands 38 Miles almost South West of Dublin. 2. Loughlen, Laghlin, or old Loughlin, eight Miles almost South West of Catherlagh, a Borough Town of no Note. 3. Loughlin, or Laghlin, three Miles East of the other, on the River Barrow, once a conside∣rable

City, and a Bishoprick, now reduced to a Village, and the Bi∣shoprick anited to Fearnes in Wex∣ford.

II. UUexford.

WExford, or Weesford, by the Irish * 1.164 Loghhagarm, has on the East the Ocean; on the West Catherlagh and Kilkenny; on the North Wicklow; and on the South and South West the Ocean, and some of Waterford in Munster, from which parted by Wa∣terford Haven: It is in length 47 Miles, and in breadth 27. A County fruitful in Corn and Grass.

It is divided into eight Baronies, viz. * 1.165 Gory, Scarewalsh, Bantry, Ballageen, Shelmaliere, Sheilbourne, Bargie, and Fourth. In which are two Market Towns and eight Boroughs. The Principal Town is Wexford.

Chief Places are; 1. Fearnes, or * 1.166 Ferns, towards the Northern Parts, a Town of no Note but for being a Bishops Sec. 2. Inishcorthy, a Borough Town, eight Miles nigh South of Fearnes, on the River Urrin or Slany. 3. Ross, a Borough and Market-Town,

on the River Barrow, 15 Miles South West of Inishcorthy, on the Borders of Kilkenny, once a famous City now al∣most ruined. 4. Wexford, or Wees∣ford, 17 Miles East of Ross, a Market Town and Borough. It was once reckoned the chief City in all Ireland, and was the first Colony of the Eng∣lish, still a fair and large Town, which has a very commodious Haven at the Mouth of the River Urrin or Slany: It stands about 62 Miles South o•…•… Dublin. 5. Taghmon, a little Borough Town seven Miles nigh West of Wex∣ford. Clamine, a Borough five Mile•…•… South West of Taghmon. 7. Banne another four Miles South of Clamine by a convenient Bay of the sam•…•… Name. 8. Duncannon, nigh five Mile•…•… West of Banne, a considerable Castl•…•… on Waterford Haven, so that no Ship•…•… can go to Waterford or Ross withou•…•… leave. 9. Featherd, a little Boroug•…•… two Miles from Duncannon.

Thus much for LEINSTER.

[illustration]

[illustration] map of Munster

MUNSTER PROVINCE

CHAP. VII.

Of Munster, shewing its Name, Bounds, Dimensions, Rivers, Products, Re∣marks, &c. and describing all its Coun∣ties, Towns and Castles.

THE Province of Munster, many * 1.167 times called Mounster; it is called by the Latines Momonia, and by the natural Irish Mown, and in common construction of Speech Wown.

I is bounded on the East and South-East with the Province of Leinster * 1.168 (from which partly separated by the River Shure,) and the Ocean; on the West with the Atlantick or Western Ocean; on the North with the Pro∣vince of Connaught, from which sepe∣rated by the River Shannon; and on the South and South-West with the Virgivian Ocean: The form thereof is a kind of a long Square.

It is in length from Waterford Ha∣ven * 1.169 to the Western-point in the County of Kerry, not far off Dingle, about 135 miles; in breadth, from the North parts of Tipperary to Baltimore, in Corke,

120 miles; but from Baltimore to the North parts of Kerry, (which is more natural,) is but 68 miles. The circuit, (by reason of the great Windings and Turnings,) is above 600 miles.

The chief Rivers of this Province * 1.170 are, 1. Shure, Sewer, or Shower, which begins in Tipperary, runs South, and washes Thurles, and passes by Cashell, then runs East and washes Clonmell, Ca∣rick, and Waterford, then it takes in the Barrow, with which it falls into the Ocean. 2. Black Water, Awiduffe or Avenmore, which begins in Kerry, runs East, and washes Mallo and Lismore, then runs South, and falls into the Sea at Youghill. 3. Lee, in the County of Corke, runs East and washes Corke, and soon after falls into the Sea, making several small Isles. 4. Bande, likewise in Corke, runs East, and washes Bandon-Bridge, and falls into the Sea at King∣sale. 5. Leane, in Kerry, runs West, and falls into Dingle-Bay. 6. Cashen, in Kerry, which falls into Shannon∣mouth.

This Province abounds with many * 1.171 e•…•…cellent Bays and Havens, with many rich Towns; the Air mild and tem∣perate, neither too hot nor too cold;

the Sol in some places is hilly, looking aloft with woody wild and solitary Mountains; yet the Vallies below are garnished with Corn Fields, all both pleasant for Sight and fertile for Soil. The most general Commodities of this Province are Corn, Cattel, Wood, Wool, and Fish, the last whereof it affords abundance of all sorts, especially Herrings.

In this Province is one Archbishop∣rick, * 1.172 viz. Cashell; Five Bishopricks (besides Ross and Cloyne united to Corke, and Lismore united to Waterford,) viz. Waterford, Limerick, Corke, Ard∣feart, and Emly: Seven Market-Towns, viz. Carrick, Clonmell, Corke, Dingle, Kingsale, Limrick, and Wa∣terford: Twenty Five places that re∣turn Parliament Men, called Boroughs; Sixty Six Castles of old Erection, and (according to Morden,) 80 Parishes in the whole. Chief City of the whole is commonly reckoned Waterford, but Limerick at present deserves the Pre∣heminence.

The Boroughs are as following, viz. * 1.173 Five in Tipperary; Cashell, Clonmell, Fe∣therd, Tipperary and Thurles: Four in Waterford; Dungarvan, Lismore, Tal∣lagh

and Waterford: Three in Lim∣rick; Askeaton, Kilmalock, and Lim∣rick: Three in Kerry; Ardfeart, Ding∣le, and Trally: And 10 in Corke; Bal∣timore, Bandon-Bridge, Caraby, Charle∣ville, Clone, Corke, Kingsale, Cloyne, Mal∣lo and Younghill.

The Religious Places in this Pro∣vince * 1.174 were once the two Abbies a•…•… Youghill, one called North-Abby, an•…•… the other South-Abby: The two Ab∣bies at Limerick, St. Francis-Abby, an•…•… Dominick-Abby: The two Abbies a•…•… Corke, St. Francis-Abby, and the Abb•…•… of the Isles. And lastly, that famou•…•… Abby of the Holy-Cross in Tipperary▪ These are now quite ruined, and whol∣ly out of use.

This Province, before the Englis•…•… Conquest of it, was a Kingdom of i•…•… * 1.175 self, and ruled by its own King. I•…•… then contained some part of Connaugh•…•… (that is, the County of Thomond;) sinc•…•… the English became Masters of it, i•…•… has been kept close to that Crown▪ only the Spaniards at one time be∣came Masters of a little of it, bu•…•… were soon driven out. It is now Go∣verned by a Lord President, who ha•…•… one Assistant, two Learned Lawyers

and a Secretary to keep it in Obe∣•…•…ience.

It was anciently divided among the * 1.176 •…•…lterni in Tipperary; the Coriandi, in •…•…imerick, Waterford, and part of Tip∣•…•…erary and Corke; the Luceni in Kerry; •…•…he Velibori in Desmond in Corke; and •…•…he Vodii in some part of Corke. After∣wards divided into Deswown, Hierwown, Meanwown, and Urwown. Of later •…•…imes it was divided into two parts, viz. West-Mounster, and South-Mun∣•…•…ter.

It stands at present divided into five Counties, (by some into six,) viz. * 1.177 1. Tipperary, 2. Waterford, 3. Corke, to which is joyned the County of Des∣mond, 4. Limerick, and 5. Kerry. Of these, three border on the Sea, viz. Waterford, Corke and Kerry; Tippera∣ry and Limerick are Midland Counties. These Counties are again divided in∣to 52 Baronies.

1. Tipperary.

TIpperary, or Holy-Cross, by the Irish Thobruidearum Cuntae, has on the * 1.178 East, Queens-County and Kilkenny in Leinster; on the West, Limerick and

the River Shannon, which parts it fro•…•… Gallway and Thomond in Connaught on the North or North-East, Kings County in Leinster; and on the South Waterford. It is in length 58 Miles and in breadth 36. The South-part•…•… are exceeding fertile, and well furnish∣ed with good Buildings.

It is divided into 14 Baronies, viz. * 1.179 Lower Ormond, Ormond, Arra, Owny, Ikerin, Ileagh, Eliogurty, Kilnalong, Kil∣namama, Clonwilliam, Middlethird, Slew∣wardagh, Comsey, and Iffa and Ossa. I•…•… which are two Market-Towns, an•…•… five Boroughs; the chief Town is Clon∣mell.

Chief Places are, 1. Thurles, a Bo∣rough-Town, * 1.180 on the River Shure, si•…•… Miles from the Borders of Kilkenny 2. Cashell or Cassel, 12 Miles South o•…•… Thurles. nigh the River Shure, a Bo∣rough and an Archbishoprick, but no•…•… else of Note. 3. Fethard, a little Bo∣rough-Town, eight Miles almost Eas•…•… of Cashell. 4. Tipperary or Holy-Cr•…•… a Borough-Town 17 Miles West 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Fethard. It gives Name to this Cou•…•…∣ty, and was once a very famous pla•…•… 5. Emly or Awn, above seven Mil•…•… West of Tipperary, nigh the Borde•…•…

〈◊〉〈◊〉 Limerick: It is a Bishop's See, once famous City, but now much decay∣•…•…. 6. Clonmell, a Market-Town and •…•…orough 26 Miles nigh East of Emly: 〈◊〉〈◊〉 is now the chief of the County, a •…•…ch Place of great strength, and stands 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the River Shure, on the Borders of Waterford, about 82 Miles South-West •…•…f Dublin. 7. Carick, or Carick-Mac-Griffen, a Market-Town on the same River, 10 Miles East of Clonmell. It •…•…s situated on a Rock between the Li∣•…•…its of Waterford and Kilkenny.

2. Waterford.

WAterford, has on the East, Water∣ford-Haven, * 1.181 which parts it from Wexford in Leinster; on the West, Cork; on the North, the River Shure, which parts it from Tipperary, and Kilkenny in Leinster; and on the South, the Ocean. It is in length 46 Miles, and in breadth 24. A fine County as well for Pleasure as Riches.

It is divided into six Baronies, viz. * 1.182 Glanehery, Upperthird, Middlethird, De∣sees, Coshmore, and Cosbrid. In which is one Market-Town, and four Bo∣roughs; the chief Town is Waterford.

Chief Places are, 1. Waterford, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Irish Phurtargie, a Market, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 * 1.183 rough, and Bishops See, standing 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the River Shure on the Borders of K•…•…∣kenny. It is a very Wealthy, we•…•… traded, and populous City, the seco•…•… for bigness in this Kingdom, endow•…•… with many ample Privileges: T•…•… Streets are narrow, thrust close, an•…•… pent together: It stands in an un∣healthful Air, but for Trade as con∣veniently seated as any Port in the World, having a most excellent Ha∣ven, though a good distance from the Sea, yet Ships of the greatest Burden may easily ride at the Key. It stands 75 Miles nigh South of Dublin. 2. Dun∣garvan, 20 Miles almost South-West of Waterford: It is a Borough-Town seated on the Sea, well fortified with a Castle, and has a very commodious Road for Ships. 3. Lismore, a Bo∣rough-Town, 13 Miles West of Dun∣garvan, on the River Blackwater, once a Bishops Sea, but now united to Wa∣terford, and is in a decaying condition. 4. Tallagh, a Borough-Town, above five Miles South of Lismore, by the Borders of Cork.

3. Limerick.

LImrick or Limerick, has on the East, * 1.184 Tipperary; on the West, Kerry; •…•…n the North, the River Shannon, which parts it from Thomond in Con∣•…•…ught) with a little of Tipperary; and •…•…n the South with Cork. It is in length 48 Miles, and in breadth 27. A fer∣tile County, and well inhabited, but able to shew few good Towns: The West parts are Mountainous, and the rest plain.

It is divided into nine Baronies, viz. * 1.185 Clonello, Kenry, Limerick, Ownyheg, Con∣nagh, Clanwilliam, Smale County, Cosh∣ma, and Coshled: In which is one Mar∣ket-Town, and three Boroughs. Prin∣cipal Place is Limerick.

Chief Places are, 1. Limerick, or * 1.186 Lough-Meagh, a Market, a Borough, and a Bishop's See, now the Metro∣polis of Munster. It is an eligent, rich and populous City, and of singular Strength, situated partly on an Island •…•…n the River Shannon. It is counted two Towns, the Upper, wherein stands the Castle, and the Cathedral Church, has two Gates opened into it,

and each of them a fair Bridge o•…•… Stone into it, with Bulwarks, an•…•… little Draw-Bridges, the one leading unto the West, the other unto the East: Unto which the Lower Town joyn∣eth, fenced with a Wall, and a Castle also thereto, and a Fore-gate at the Entrance into it. The Bridges and Castles are very beautiful. It stands 60 Miles off of Sea, yet Ships of Bur∣then can come up to the Walls. It stands about 95 Miles almost West of Dublin. 2. Askeaton, a little Borough nigh the Shannon, 13 Miles almost West of Limerick. 3. Athdora, a small Town eight Miles South-East of Aske∣aton, and nine South-West of Limerick, of old time fortified. 4. Killmallock, 16 Miles South of Limerick, a Bo∣rough-Town both rich and populous, and enclosed with a Wall.

4. Kerry.

KErry (reckoned a County Palatine) has on the East, Limerick and * 1.187 Cork; on the West, the Atlantick O∣cean; on the North, the River Shan∣non, which separates it from Thomond i•…•… Connaught; and on the South, Des∣mond

in Cork, with part of the Ocean. It is in length 60 Miles, and in breadth 47. A County full of Woody Moun∣tains, and in many places good Corn-Fields.

It is divided into eight Baronies, * 1.188 viz. Iraghticoner, Klanmoris, Corkaguinie, Trughenackmy, Magunihie, Glanaroghty, Dunkeron, and Iveragh: In which is one Market-Town and three Bo∣roughs; the chief Town is Dingle.

Principal Places are, 1. Ardfeart, a * 1.189 Borough-Town nigh the Sea, which is also a Bishop's Sea, but a very poor one. 2. Trally, a little Borough-Town about five Miles South-East of Ard∣feart, and four from Sea, a place of no Note. 3. Dingle, a Borough and a Market-Town 23 Miles almost West of Trally. It is the chief Town of this County, and the most Western of Note in all Ireland. It stands very commo∣dious for Navigation, upon a very large Bay of the same Name. It stands 164 Miles almost South-West of Dublin.

5. Cork.

COrk, or Coreach, has on the East, Wa∣terford, * 1.190 with a little of Tipperary; on the West, Kerry, with some of the Sea;

on the North, Limerick; and on th•…•… South and South-East, the Virgeria•…•… Ocean. It is (taking in Desmond, whic•…•… is 30 Miles long and 8 broad) the lar∣gest County in Ireland, being in length 86 Miles, and in breadth 50. A County said to be wild and woody, yet has many good Towns.

It is divided into 15 Baronies, viz. Dunhallo, Orrery and Kilmore, Armory or * 1.191 Earmoy, Condon or Clongibbon, Kilnat∣alloon, Imokilly, Barrimore, Barrets, Corke, lib. Kinalea, Kineatmeaky, Muskery, and Carbury: Desmond contains the other two, viz. Bantry and Bear. In these are two Market-Towns and 10 Bo∣roughs; the chief place is Cork.

Chief Places are, 1. Charleville, the * 1.192 most North-Town, a Borough on the Borders of Limerick. 2. Mallo, a little Borough on the River Blackwater, 14 Miles South of Charleville. 3. Youghill, a Borough on the Mouth of the River Blackwater, by the Borders of Water∣ford, 30 Miles South-West of Mallo. It is a rich and populous Town, well Walled round, in form somewhat long, and has a very commodious Haven, and a well fenced Key. 4. Cloyne, 8 Miles nigh West of Youghill, a little Bo∣rough

and Bishoprick, said to be united 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Cork. 5. Ballicora, a small Borough 4 Miles almost West of Cloyne. 6. Cork, •…•…3 Miles West of Ballicora, a Market, Borough, and Bishop's See, the chief of •…•…his County. It is a neat, wealthy and •…•…opulous City, inhabited most by Eng∣•…•…ish, standing on the River Lee, where it •…•…as a commodious Haven. It is of good •…•…trength, enclosed within a Circuit of Walls in form of an Egg, with the Ri∣ver flowing round about it, and running between, not passable through but by Bridges, lying out in length as it were in one direct broad Street, and the fame having a Bridge over it. It stands 124 Miles South-West of Dublin. 7. King∣sale, 12 Miles South of Cork, a Borough and Market-Town, nigh the Mouth of the River Banne. It is a populous and well traded Town, the second in the County. It has an excellent Haven for Ships, and is fortified with old Walls. 8. Bandon-bridge, a Borough on the same River 8 Miles almost West of Kingsale. 9. Rosse, 16 Miles South-West of Bandon∣bridge, on the Sea, and a City and a Bi∣s•…•…oprick now united to Cork, and is a meer Village. 10. Baltimore, a Borough, and Commodious Port 14 Miles nigh South-West of Rosse.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Name.
• * 1.2

  Bou•…•…ds.
• * 1.3

  Situa∣tion.
• * 1.4

  Clim.
• * 1.5

  Form.
• * 1.6

  Dimen∣tions.
• * 1.7

  Distan∣ces.
• * 1.8

  Air.
• * 1.9

  Soil.
• * 1.10

  Products.
• * 1.11

  Commo∣dities.
• * 1.12

  Rivers.
• * 1.13

  Lakes.
• * 1.14

  Bays.
• * 1.15

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.16

  Capes.
• * 1.17

  St. Pa∣tricks Purga∣tory.
• * 1.18

  Remarks.
• * 1.19

  Inhabi∣tants.
• * 1.20

  Famous Men.
• * 1.21

  The Wild Irish.
• * 1.22

  Lan∣guage.
• * 1.23

  Names.
• * 1.24

  Diet.
• * 1.25

  Attire.
• * 1.26

  Way of Living.
• * 1.27

  Customs.
• * 1.28

  Religion.
• * 1.29

  Supersti∣tions.
• * 1.30

  Whim∣sies.
• * 1.31

  Marri∣ages.
• * 1.32

  Burials.
• * 1.33

  Wars.
• * 1.34

  Antiqui∣ty.
• * 1.35

  Old I•…•…∣habi∣tants.
• * 1.36

  First Conquest.
• * 1.37

  Second Conquest.
• * 1.38

  Third Conquest.
• * 1.39

  Rebelli∣•…•…ns.
• * 1.40

  1.
• * 1.41

  2.
• * 1.42

  Third R•…•…bellion.
• * 1.43

  Fourth Rebellion.
• * 1.44

  Fifth Rebellion.
• * 1.45

  Sixth Rebellion.
• * 1.46

  Govern∣ment.
• * 1.47

  Inferiour Gover∣nours.
• * 1.48

  Courts & Laws.
• * 1.49

  Strength.
• * 1.50

  Arms.
• * 1.51

  Archbi∣shopricks, &c.
• * 1.52

  The old Division.
• * 1.53

  New Di∣vision.
• * 1.54

  Name.
• * 1.55

  Bounds.
• * 1.56

  Dimensi∣•…•…ns.
• * 1.57

  R•…•…vers.
• * 1.58

  Products.
• * 1.59

  Remarks.
• * 1.60

  Boroughs.
• * 1.61

  Religious Places.
• * 1.62

  History.
• * 1.63

  Old Di∣vision.
• * 1.64

  New Di∣vision.
• * 1.65

  Bounds.
• * 1.66

  Division.
• * 1.67

  Towns.
• * 1.68

  Bounds.
• * 1.69

  Division.
• * 1.70

  Towns.
• * 1.71

  Bo•…•…nds.
• * 1.72

  Division.
• * 1.73

  Towns.
• * 1.74

  Bounds.
• * 1.75

  Division.
• * 1.76

  Towns.
• * 1.77

  Bounds.
• * 1.78

  Division.
• * 1.79

  Towns.
• * 1.80

  Bounds.
• * 1.81

  Division.
• * 1.82

  Towns.
• * 1.83

  Bounds.
• * 1.84

  Division.
• * 1.85

  Towns.
• * 1.86

  Bounds.
• * 1.87

  Division.
• * 1.88

  Towns,
• * 1.89

  Bounds.
• * 1.90

  Division.
• * 1.91

  Towns.
• * 1.92

  Bounds.
• * 1.93

  Division.
• * 1.94

  Towns.
• * 1.95

  Name.
• * 1.96

  Bounds.
• * 1.97

  Dimensi∣ons.
• * 1.98

  Rivers.
• * 1.99

  Products.
• * 1.100

  Remarks.
• * 1.101

  •…•…oroughs.
• * 1.102

  Religious Places.
• * 1.103

  History.
• * 1.104

  Old Di vision.
• * 1.105

  New Di∣•…•…ision.
• * 1.106

  •…•…ounds.
• * 1.107

  Division.
• * 1.108

  Towns.
• * 1.109

  Bounds.
• * 1.110

  Division.
• * 1.111

  Towns.
• * 1.112

  Bounds.
• * 1.113

  Division.
• * 1.114

  Towns.
• * 1.115

  Bounds.
• * 1.116

  Division.
• * 1.117

  Towns.
• * 1.118

  Bounds.
• * 1.119

  Division.
• * 1.120

  Towns.
• * 1.121

  Bounds.
• * 1.122

  Division.
• * 1.123

  Towns.
• * 1.124

  Name.
• * 1.125

  Bounds.
• * 1.126

  Rivers.
• * 1.127

  Products.
• * 1.128

  Remarks.
• * 1.129

  Boroughs
• * 1.130

  Religious Places.
• * 1.131

  History.
• * 1.132

  Old Di∣vision.
• * 1.133

  New Di∣vision.
• * 1.134

  Bounds.
• * 1.135

  Division.
• * 1.136

  Towns.
• * 1.137

  Bounds.
• * 1.138

  Division.
• * 1.139

  Towns.
• * 1.140

  Bounds.
• * 1.141

  Division.
• * 1.142

  Towns.
• * 1.143

  Bounds.
• * 1.144

  Division.
• * 1.145

  Towns.
• * 1.146

  Bounds.
• * 1.147

  Division.
• * 1.148

  Towns.
• * 1.149

  Bounds.
• * 1.150

  Division.
• * 1.151

  Towns.
• * 1.152

  Bounds.
• * 1.153

  Division.
• * 1.154

  Towns.
• * 1.155

  Bounds.
• * 1.156

  Division.
• * 1.157

  Towns.
• * 1.158

  Bounds.
• * 1.159

  Division.
• * 1.160

  Towns.
• * 1.161

  Bounds.
• * 1.162

  Division.
• * 1.163

  Towns.
• * 1.164

  Bounds.
• * 1.165

  Division.
• * 1.166

  Towns.
• * 1.167

  Name.
• * 1.168

  Bounds.
• * 1.169

  Dimensi∣ons.
• * 1.170

  Rivers.
• * 1.171

  Products.
• * 1.172

  Remarks.
• * 1.173

  Boroughs
• * 1.174

  Religious Places.
• * 1.175

  History.
• * 1.176

  Old Di∣vision.
• * 1.177

  New Di∣vision.
• * 1.178

  Bounds.
• * 1.179

  Division.
• * 1.180

  Towns.
• * 1.181

  Bounds.
• * 1.182

  Division.
• * 1.183

  Towns.
• * 1.184

  Bounds.
• * 1.185

  Division.
• * 1.186

  Towns.
• * 1.187

  Bounds.
• * 1.188

  Division.
• * 1.189

  Towns.
• * 1.190

  Bounds.
• * 1.191

  Division.
• * 1.192

  Towns.