The historical library of Diodorus the Sicilian in fifteen books : the first five contain the antiquities of Egypt, Asia, Africa, Greece, the islands, and Europe : the last ten an historical account of the affairs of the Persians, Grecians, Macedonians and other parts of the world : to which are added the fragments of Diodorus that are found in the Bibliotheca of Photius : together with those publish'd by H. Valesius, L. Rhodomannus, and F. Ursinus / made English by G. Booth ..., Esq.

The 6th Book.

CAstor and Pollux, who were also call'd Dioscuri, are said to be Eminent above others for Valour, and remarkable in their Assistance in the Expedition with the Argonauts, * 1.1 and afforded considerable help to them that were but otherwise very weak; and to speak all in sum, they gain'd in all places exceeding honour and reputation for their Valour, Justice, Piety and Martial skill and discipline, and were ready in all hazards with them that were most forward, and therefore for the eminency of their Valour, were re∣puted the Sons of Jupiter, and after their deaths, were honour'd with Divine honours.

Epopeus King of Sicyon, challenging the Gods to a Combat, to that end destroy'd their Temples and Altars.

3 Sicyphus is said for craft and subtilty to excel all others, and by looking into the intrals of Beasts, declar'd future Events.

4 * 1.2 Salmoneus was Proud and Prophane, contemn'd the Gods, and preferr'd his own, above the acts of Jupiter himself, and therefore out of an * 1.3 Engine which sent forth a mighty sound, he us'd to Thunder, and never offer'd any Sacrifices, or observ'd any solemn Festivals to the Gods.

5 Tyro (they say) was Salmeneus his Daughter, who was so call'd from her Beauty and Comeliness of her Person.

6 Admetus for his Justice and Piety, was so approv'd and belov'd of the Gods, that when Apollo fell into the displeasure of Jupiter, he was order'd to be a Servant to Ad∣metus. They say likewise, that Alcestes the Daughter of Pelias, who was the only Daughter that was Innocent, as to the Murther of her Father, for her Piety was Marry'd to Admetus.

7 Melampus was belov'd by Apollo, for his eminent Virtues and Piety.

8. When Troy was entred and taken, Aeneas with some other of the Citizens posses∣sed * 1.4 himself of part of the City, and defended it bravely and valiantly against the assaults of the Enemy. When the Greeks upon the terms made, agreed that each of them should carry away with them as much of their Goods as they could, all of them but Aeneas, took away Gold and Silver, and what ever else of such kind was esteem'd pretious and valu∣able; but he carry'd away only his old Father upon his shoulders: At which the Grecians did so admire, that they gave him liberty to make choice of what part of his Wealth, and his houshold Goods he pleas'd; upon which, taking only his houshold Gods; the Virtue and Piety of the Man caus'd them to admire much more than before; for they perceiv'd that in the height of his dangers and troubles, his chiefest care was to discharge his duty to his Father, and his due and pious regards to the Gods: And therefore they say that both he, and the rest of the Trojans that remain'd, had liberty given them, with all assurance of safe passage to go from Troy, to what place soever they pleas'd.

9. Romulus Silvius was exceeding Proud all the days of his Life, and a contemner of the Gods. When Jupiter thundred, he us'd to Command his Soldiers upon a sign given, all at once to strike upon their shields with their Swords, and vaunted that it was a greater noise than the other, and therefore he was struck dead with a Thunder-bolt.

10. About this time, one Malachus became King of the City Cuma, by ingratiating * 1.5 himself with the common People, and accusing and calumniating great Men: For after∣wards putting to death, the richest of the Citizens, he seiz'd their Estates, and with the Wealth thus got, hir'd strong Guards, and struck a Dread and Terror into all the Cumeans.

11. Such was the eminent Virtue of Lycurgus, that once when he came to Delphos, the O∣racle * 1.6 saluted him with these Verses. Seek in the Fragments of Sentences.

While the Lacedemonians observ'd the Laws of Lycurgus, from a mean and low con∣dition, they grew very Potent, and held the Sovereignty of Greece for above 400 Years: But when by degrees they slighted and disregarded one Law after another, and fell to Sloath and Voluptuousness, and began to heap up Money and Wealth, they lost their sovereign Authority.

12. Whereas the Eleans were full of strong and youthful Men, and had a well go∣vern'd Commonwealth, the Lacedemonians jealous of the increase of their power, en∣deavour'd * 1.7 all they: could to make them Sacred, that so being at Peace, they might gain no experience in matters of War; to that end, with the consent of all the Grecians they devoted them to Jupiter, and therefore neither when Xerxes broke into Greece, were they compell'd to raise any Soldiers, but as the Priests of Jupiter, and overseers of the Games were free: Nor in the Civil Wars of the Greeks did any molest them, all endea∣vouring to preserve their Country as a City Sacred and Inviolable: But in after times, the Eleans betook themselves to Arms of their own accord.

The two Brothers, Romulus and Remus being thus expos'd in a Cradle, when they * 1.8 grew up to Mens Estate, far excell'd their equals in strength and comeliness of their Persons; and secur'd all the Shepherds and their flocks, by freeing them from the Theeves, that us'd to make a prey of them, killing some in their attempts upon the flocks, and taking others alive: And besides the honour they wan by their Valour, they were greatly belov'd by the neighbouring Shepherds, both for their familiar converse, and their civil and courteous behaviour to all that made their addresses to them. The security * 1.9 therefore of them all, being lodg'd in them, most submitted to them of their own ac∣cord, and were observant to their Commands, and went wheresoever they were or∣dered by them.

Polychares the Messenian, a Man of noble Birth, and very rich, entred into a strict band of familiarity and friendship with Eucephnus the Spartan, who taking upon him the care and protection of the Flocks and Shepherds, began to covet what they had, but his trea∣chery was soon discovered; for having sold some Oxen together with the Herdsmen themselves, to foreign Merchants, and pretending that Robbers carry'd them away by force, it came to pass that the Merchants Sailing by the Coasts of Pelopponnesus towards Sicily, by a sudden Storm, were cast upon the Land. Hereupon the Herdsmen taking advantage of the Night, got off Shipboard, and being well acquainted with the Place, fled and made their escapes, and when they came to Messena, declar'd the whole business to their Master, whereupon Polychares hid the Herdsmen, and sent for Eucephnus from L〈…〉〈…〉demon; who, when he came, swore, and impudently stood to it, that the Shepherds and be••dsmen were some of them forcibly carried away by Robbers, and the rest were kill'd, upon which Polychares forthwith brought forth the Herdsmen: At which Eucephnus was amaz'd, and thus plainly convicted of falshood, presently began to beg pardon,

and promis'd to restore all the Cattle, and us'd many words to regain his Favour. Poly∣chares therefore out of regard to the Sacred ties of Friendship, conceal'd the Fact, and sent his Son with Eucephnus to Lacedaemon to recover the Cattle: But Eucephnus disregard∣ful of his Promises, murther'd the Young man that was sent along with him to Sparta. Polychares enrag'd at this bloody Act, requir'd the Spartans to deliver up the Murtherer But the Lacedaemonians, not willing to comply with his Demands, sent the Son of Eu∣cephnus with Letters to Messena, wherein Polychares was order'd to come to Sparta, and there to abide the Judgment of the Ephori and the Kings, concerning the Matters where∣of he complain'd; but Polychares by way of * 1.10 Retaliation, kill'd the Son of Eucephnus, and drove away a Prey of Cattle out of the Countrey of Sparta.

15. Archias the Corinthian falling in Love with Actaeon, first courted the Youth with Presents and fair Promises; but being not able to prevail by reason of the Honesty of the Boy's Father, and the Sobriety and Modesty of the Young man himself, he got a Com∣pany of his Friends together, resolved to do that by Force which he could not obtain by Intreaty and fair Means: Having therefore made himself drunk with those he had brought along with him, he was hurried on to that degree by his Love-passion, that he broke forceably into the House of Melissus, and took away the Boy by force; but his Father with his Houshold Servants laying hold of his Son to detain him, and both parties earnest∣ly striving to get him one from the other, the poor Child among them was pull'd in pieces, so that the sufferings of the Child, and the manner of it, occasion'd both Grief and Admiration, at one and the same time: For the Youth came to the like end with him * 1.11 that bore the same Name, both of them being destroy'd much in the same manner by those that came in to their assistance.

16. Agathocles to whom was committed the care of building of a Temple to Minerva, laid out the Money out of his own Purse; but he pick'd out the best and largest of the Stones, and built for himself a sumptuous and stately House: But the Power of the God∣dess made it self evident, in destroying Agathocles with a Thunderbolt, and burning his House; and the Geomorians confiscated his Goods, although his Heirs made it clear and evident that he had not imbezill'd any of the Sacred Treasure. They consecrated like∣wise the Carcass of his House, and made it a Place inaccessable, which is now call'd Em∣brontaeum.

17. Pompilius King of Rome, liv'd peaceably all his Days, and some say he was a hearer * 1.12 of Pythagoras, and that he had his Laws concerning Religion from him, and many other things which much advanc'd his Reputation, and therefore though he was a Stranger, he was sent for to take upon him the Crown.

18. Deioces King of the Medes, when all sorts of Wickedness abounded, was eminent for Justice and all other Virtues.

19. The Sybarites were addicted to Gluttony and Voluptuousness, and such was their * 1.13 strife and study to be Luxurious, that they lov'd the Ionians and Thuscans above all other Strangers, because those among the Greeks, and these among the Barbarians, were most Luxurious and Effeminate. It's said; that Mindyrides was the most Voluptuous of any of the Sybarites; for when Clisthenes King of Sicyon was Victor in the Race with Chariots drawn with four Horses, and had proclaim'd by the Cryer, That whosoever would Marry his Daughter (a most beautiful Lady) should come to Sicyon at a certain Day appointed, this Mindyrides loos'd from Sibaris in a Vessel of above Fifty Oars on a side, and furnish'd * 1.14 it with Rowers out of his own Family, of whom some were Fishermen, and the rest were * 1.15 Fowlers; and when he came into the Haven at Sicyon, that he not only far surpass'd all his Rivals for State and Grandeur, but likewise the King himself, although the whole City for Vain-glory most profusely contributed their Wealth to Clisthenes: And being after his arrival presently entertain'd at Supper, and ask'd by one who should sit next to him, by the Voice of an Herald he caus'd it to be proclaim'd, That he would sit next to the Bride, or by himself alone.

20. Hippomenes, Archon of Athens, when his *Daughter had play'd the Whore, pu∣nish'd * 1.16 her after a most cruel and inhumane Manner; for he shut her up in a Stable with a Horse for some days kept without Meat, which through want of Food at length eat up the miserable and unfortunate Lady.

21. Arcesilaus King of Cyrene being grievously afflicted with many pressing Calamities, consulted the Oracle at Delphos; to whom Apollo answer'd, That the Gods were angry for that none of the succeeding Kings since Battus govern'd so Justly and Righteously as he did, for he reign'd mildly and gently, content only with the Name of a King; and that which was most commendable of all was that he carefully kept and maintain'd the Worship of the Gods; but his Successors always (ever since have reign'd Tyrannically, and

converted the publick Treasure to their own private Use, and neglected the Service of * 1.17 the Gods.

22. Demonax of Mantinea, was the Arbitrator to allay the Sedition among the Cyreni∣ans, * 1.18 a Person in great Honour and Esteem for his Wisdom and Justice. When he arriv'd * 1.19 at Cyrene all their differences were referr'd to him, and he reconcil'd the Cities one to a∣nother: upon these Terms and Conditions—

23. Lucius Tarquinius King of the Romans, being carefully educated from a Child, and * 1.20 much addicted to the Liberal Sciences, was much admir'd for his virtuous Qualifications by all; and therefore when he attain'd to Man's Estate, he was in great favour and much esteem with Ancus Martius then King of Rome, and together with the King, order'd and manag'd many of the weighty Affairs of the Kingdom. Being very Rich himself he liberally sup∣ply'd the wants of others, and was Courteous and Obliging to all, and therefore cry'd up greatly for his Wisdom.

24. Solon was the Son of Execestides; heb was an Athenian, and his Ancestors Inhabitants of the Island Salamis, for Wisdom and Learning he far excell'd all of his time; being Vir∣tuously * 1.21 inclin'd from his Youth, he apply'd himself to the Study of the best Arts and Sciences: And having long inur'd himself to all sorts of Learning, he became the Great Master and Champion of every Virtue. For being under the care of the best Tutors from a Child, when he grew up to Man's estate he associated with such as were esteem'd the greatest Philo∣sophers; upon the account of which Converse, he was esteem'd one of the Seven Wise Men, and was not only preferr'd before all the rest, but likewise before all others that were Eminent for their Wisdom. He was in great honour for making of Laws, and admir'd by all for his singular Prndence in his private Discourses and Answers, and giving of Coun∣sel and Advice. When the Athenians grew Ionians in their Manners, and became in a high degree Luxurious and Effeminate, Solon by degrees gain'd them to the love of Virtue and Honourable Actions: For Hermodus and Aristogo, principled and instructed by his Laws and Discipline, overturn'd the Tyranny of Pisistratus.

25. There was one Myso of Malea living i a Town call'd Chenae, who lay most com∣monly * 1.22 in the Fields, obscure, unknown almost to every body, upon the Expelling of Pe∣riander the Corinthian for his Tyranny and Cruelty, was taken into the Society of one of the Seven Wise Men.

26. Chilo liv'd according to his Doctrine, which is a thing rare to be found: For we may see many Philosophers in our Age, who talk at a great rate, yet their Manners and * 1.23 Course of Life are Filthy and Abominable, who look and speak like grave and wise Men, yet by their actions give themselves the Lye. But Chilo, besides his virtuous Life all his Days, conceiv'd and utter'd many excellent things worthy of Remark.

27. Pittacus of Mytelene was a Man not only to be admired for his Wisdom, but was such * 1.24 a Citizen as Lesbos never before produc'd the like, nor ever like to be (as I think) any such after him▪ till it produce plenty of sweet Wine. For he was an excellent Law-maker, and Civil and Courteous towards all his Fellow-Citizens in all their Meetings and publick As∣semblies, and freed his Country from three most grievous Calamities, Tyranny, Sedition, and War. He was a most prudent and courteous Man, ever ready to excuse other * 1.25 Men's faults; and therefore seem'd to be a Person perfectly Virtuous in every respect; for in making of Laws he was Prudent and Politick, Faithful to his Word, Valiant in War, and one that scorn'd corrupt Lucre and Gain.

28. The Prieneans say, That Bias having redeem'd from the hands of Robbers some Cap∣tive Messenian Virgins, Persons of considerable Quality, he took them into his own House, * 1.26 and honourably entertain'd them as his own Daughters: And when their Relations and Kinsdolk came to Perene to seek after them, he restor'd them to their Friends without taking any thing either for their Dyet or Redemption, but on the contrary presented them with many Gifts out of his own Estate: And therefore the Ladies lov'd him as their own Father both for his noble Entertainment, and the largeness of his Bounty; so that when they return'd home they were still mindful of his Kindness to them: And therefore when the Fishermen of Messenac drew up with their Nets nothing but a Brazen Tripode, whereon was inscrib'd these Words. * 1.27 To the Wisest, they procur'd it to be given to Bias. He was the most Rhetorical and Eloquent Man in his time; but far different from all others in the use he made of his Eloquence; for he was not Mercenary, or aim'd at Gain, but us'd it for the Relief of Men indistress, which is rare now to be found.

29. Cyrus the Son of Cambysis and Mandana Nephew to Astyagis King of the Medes, for Va∣lour, * 1.28 Prudence, and other Virtues, excell'd all others in the age wherein he liv'd: for his Father gave him Royal Education, encouraging him to every thing that was high and brave: And even while he was a Boy he gave evident Tokens of his attempting great

things at one time or other; his Virtue and Valour appearing now before hand so evi∣dently while he was but a Child.

30. Astyages King of the Medes, being beaten in a Battle, and forc'd to a dishonourable * 1.29 Flight, was enrag'd at his Soldiers, and disbanded all his Officers, and plac'd others in their rooms; but as for those that were the occasion of the flight, he pickt 'em out of all his Troops, and put 'em to death, thinking by this Example to make the rest more care∣ful in the discharge of their Duty when they came to fight. For he was naturally cruel and implacable: but his Soldiers were so far from being terrify'd by his Severity, that in hatred of his Cruelty and Inhumanity, every one of them were ready to revolt, and to that end began to meet together in great companies, and talk Treason, stirring up one another to revenge the deaths of their fellow Soldiers.

31. Cyrus (they say) was not only valiant against an Enemy, but mild and gentle towards * 1.30 his Subjects, therefore the Persians call him their Father.

32. One Adrastus a Phrygian by casting a Dart at a Boar in Hunting, accidentally kill'd * 1.31 Atys the Son of Croesus the King of Lydia, and tho' he slew him against his Will, yet he said that he himself who kill'd him was not worthy to live, and therefore intreated Croe∣sus not to spare him, but forthwith to cut his Throat at his Son's Sepulchre. Craesus in∣deed at the first was in a rage at Adrastus for the death of his Son, and threatned to burn him alive: but when he perceiv'd that the young Man did not seek to avoid punishment, but rather voluntarily offer'd his Life as a Sacrifice to the dead; his Anger was appeas'd, and he pardon'd him, complaining of his own misfortune, and not of any purpose or design in the young Man: However, Adrastus went privately to Atys his Sepulchre and there kill'd himself.

33. Croesus King of Lydia pretending to send Eurybatus the Ephesian to Delphos, sent him in * 1.32 truth with a great Sum of Money into Peloponnesus to hire Soldiers; but Eurybatus fled to Cyrus King of Persia, and discover'd to him all Craesus his designs: and therefore this Treachery of Eurybatus was so remarkable among the Grecians, that when they would upbraid any Man with a base Action, they call him Eurybatus.

34. Cyrus believing that Croesus was a Religious Man, because a sudden storm of Rain from Heaven extinguish'd the Fire in the Pile whereon he was burnt, and calling to mind the saying of Solon; carry'd Croesus along with him, using him with all Honour and Respect, and made him one of his Privy Council, conceiving him to be a prudent Man, who had familiarly convers'd with so many and such eminent Persons for Wisdom.

35. Servius Tullius King of Rome Reign'd 44 years, and out of his own virtuous dispositi∣on * 1.33 order'd many things for the good of the Commonwealth.

36. When Thericles was chief Magistrate at Athens in the 61 Olympiad, Pythagoras the Phi∣losopher * 1.34 flourish'd, having attain'd to the highest pitch of Wisdom; a Man worthy to have his Memory Eterniz'd, if ever any other Philosopher deserv'd it; he was born a Samos, tho' some say at Tyrrhenum. His Speeches were utter'd with so much Grace, and force of persuasion that almost the whole City daily gaz'd upon him, as if some God had been before them, and a great concourse of People came from all parts to hear him. And he was not only eminently eloquent, but very sober and grave, and was a wonderful Example for young Men to imitate in the course of their Lives in that respect: and all that he convers'd with he dissuaded from vain Pomp and Luxury; all the Inhabitants of that Country (through plenty and fulness of all things among them) being given to effeminacy and filthiness both of Body and Mind.

This Pythagoras when he heard that Pherycides, once his Master, was very sick in the Island Delos, he forthwith sail'd out of Italy thither, where after he had for some time cherish'd the Old Man, and had us'd his utmost endeavour to restore him to health, at length, through Old Age and the violence of his distemper he dy'd, and Pythagoras care∣fully bury'd him; and so having perform'd the Office and Duty of a Son, as to a Father, he return'd into Italy.

37. The Pythagoreans (if any of their Society fall into decay) divide and contribute * 1.35 proportions of their Goods to him that is so in want, as if he were their Brother; and this they do, not only as to them that are daily conversant with them, but likewise to all others of the same Sect and Profession wherever they be. And therefore one Clineas of Tarentum when he understood that Prorus a Cyrenian and a Pythagorean, by some misfortune or other had lost all his Estate, and was become exceeding poor, he past over out of Italy to Cyrene with a considerable sum of Money, and made up the loss of his Patrimo∣ny, tho' he had never seen him before, but only understood by hear-say, that he was a Pythagorian. And it's reported that many others have done the like And they have not only supply'd their Companions with Monies in their wants, but have hazarded their

Persons with them in the most dangerous times. For in the Reign of Dionysius the Ty∣rant it's reported that one Phintias a Pythagorean, when by the contrivance of the Tyrant he was to be led to execution, desir'd of Dionysius but a few days to settle his Houshould Affairs, and promis'd that in the mean time he would leave one of his friends to suffer in his stead, if he return'd not. Dionysius hereupon wondring whether any such friend could be found, who would be willing to be cast into Goal for his friend, Phintias presently call'd for one of his Scholars call'd Damon a Pythagorean, who forthwith with∣out * 1.36 any budging became his Hostage to dye in his room.

Many there were that commended this singular demonstration of Love and Kindness to his Friend, others condemn'd it as a foolish and rash Act. But at the day appointed all the People flock'd together very earnest to see whether he that left his pledge would perform his word. But the day drawing near to an end, every body began to despair, and Damon was led forth to execution, and then on a sudden at the very last moment of the day, Phintias came running in. This wonderful Friendship and Kindness one for another was admir'd by all; and Dionysius pardon'd the condemn'd Person, and desir'd that he himself might be taken into the Society.

38. The Pythagoreans had a great Art in improving their Memories, and to that end employ'd their utmost Care and Diligence. For the first thing they did constantly af∣ter they rose out of their Beds in a Morning, was to recollect and call to mind every thing they had done the day before from the Morning to the Evening, and if they had time and leisure they would go back to examine the Actions of the Second, Third and Fourth day, and sometimes further, conceiving it very helpful and advantagious for the improving of Memory, and increase of Knowledge.

39. These Philosophers inur'd themselves to abstinence by this means. They prepare all sorts of Delicacies and Rarities, such as Tables are furnish'd with at Solemn Feasts, af∣ter they have gaz'd upon them for a considerable time, on purpose to whet their Appe∣tite, which naturally desires in such cases to be gratify'd, on a sudden the Table is or∣der'd to be whip'd-away, and they themselves thereupon withdrew without tasting any of the Dainties.

40. Pythagoras commanded his Disciples to forbear taking an Oath as much as they * 1.37 could, but when they had once taken it, to be careful to keep it. Having likewise re∣gard to what was convenient, even in the Acts of Venus, he advis'd to abstain from Wo∣men in Summer time, and to be moderate and sparing in Winter: for he look'd upon all carnal Copulation to be hurtful; but if it were frequent (he said) it impair'd the strength and was destructive.

He advis'd likewise, that the Sacrificers should not make their Addresses to the Gods in rich and gaudy Habits, but only in white and clean Robes, and should not only bring before them Bodies free from gross and outward wickednesses, but pure and undefiled Souls. Commanding these and many such like things, and stirring Men up to Sobriety, Valour and Constancy, and all other Virtues, he was Ador'd by the Crotonians as if he had been a God.

41. One Cylo of Crotonia, the most wealthy and eminent Man of all the Citizens, de∣siring to be receiv'd into the Society of the Pythagoreans, was rejected, because he was * 1.38 naturally a fierce and stubborn Man, Seditious and Ambitious. At which he was so en∣rag'd, that he gat together a number of Factious Persons against the Pythagoreans, and be∣gan to rail and do all the mischief he could against them.

42 Lysis the Pythagorean going to Thebes in Baeotia, became Tutor to Epaminondas, * 1.39 and instructed him in all the ways of Virtue, and by reason of his excellent Endowments adopted him to be his Son; And Epaminondas from those sparks of Knowledge, he had gain'd from the Pythagorean Philosophy, excell'd not only the Thebans, but all the rest of the Grecians of his time in Patience, Frugality, and all other Virtues.

43. To write the Lives of Persons in former Ages is indeed a difficult and troublesome task to the Historians, but very profitable to others for their direction in the course of their Lives. For this kind of History, by recording good and bad Actions, doth grace the Memory of the Good, and fix a Stain upon the name of the Wicked, by sharing out Praise and Disgrace to each of them according as they do deserve it. For Praise is as a certain Reward of Virtue without Cost; and Disgrace is the punishment of Vice without a Wound. And therefore it's very fit all should understand, that according to the course of Life Men lead here, such will be the account and remembrance of them afterward; when they are dead, so that they need not employ all their Thoughts upon Marble Mo∣••••ments, which are set up only in a little corner, and decay'd and gone in process of

time; but rather apply their Minds to Learning, and other virtuous Qualifications, which would make their Names famous over all the World.

For time, which consumes all other things, preserves these to perpetual Generations, and the elder they grow, the more fresh and flourishing it presents them: for they that are gone long ago, are still in every Man's Mouth, as if they were now at this very day alive.

44. Cambyses was naturally furious and even a Mad-man, and the more fierce and in∣solent * 1.40 upon the account of his large Dominion.

Cambyses the Persian puft up with the success of his Arms, after the taking of Memphis and Pelusium, insolently demolish'd the Sepulchre of Amasis, an Ancient King of Aegypt; * 1.41 and finding his Body embalm'd with odoriferous Spices, basely and inhumanly cudgel'd it and abus'd it with all manner of Contempt, and after order'd it to be burnt to Ashes. For being the Aegyptians never burn their dead Bodies, he thought by this means he re∣veng'd himself sufficiently of the Man that was dead long before.

Cambyses when he prepar'd for his Expedition against the Aethiopians, sent part of his Army against the Ammonians; and commanded his Officers to rob the Temple of * 1.42 Jupiter Ammon, and set it on fire, and make all the Inhabitants round Captives.

45. Certain Lydians flying away to avoid the Tyrannical Government of Oroetes, the * 1.43 Governor of the Province fled to Samus with a vast Treasure of Gold, and humbly Ad∣dress'd themselves to Polycrates for relief: who at first courteously Entertain'd them; but not long after cut all their Throats, and robb'd them of their Money.

46 Thessalus the Son of Pisistratus a Wise and Prudent Man, voluntarily abdicated the Sovereignty, and acted only as a private Man, contented only to share in the common Rights and Liberties with the rest of the Citizens, for which he was in high Esteem and Reputation.

But his Brothers Hipparchus and Hippias, being rigid and cruel, Rul'd Tyrannically over their Citizens. After they had for some time grievously opprest the Athenians, Hipparchus falling in Love with a beautiful Boy, plung'd himself into perilous circum∣stances. For Harmodius and Aristogiton join'd in a Conspiracy against the Tyrant, in order to free their Country from Slavery; but Aristogiton was the chief Man for a brave and resolute Spirit, in induring all sorts of Torments with patience and constancy, who in the most perilous times, carefully preserv'd two things especially, Faithfulness to his to his Friends, and just Revenge for his Enemies.

47 Zeno of Elis, being seiz'd upon for a Conspiracy against Nearchus, who tyranni∣cally * 1.44 opprest the Country, was put upon the Rack. When the Tyrant askt him, who were his fellow Conspirators; I would to God (said he) I had as much Command of the rest of my Body, as I have of my Tongue.

Hereupon the Tyrant scruing him up, and tormenting him the more, Zeno for some time couragiously endur'd the tormenting Rack, but afterwards to free himself, and be reveng'd on the Tyrant, he had this contrivance. The Rack being extended to the ut∣most, he feign'd as if he could no longer bear it, and therefore cry'd out to release him, and he would discover all, the Rack being thereupon loos'd, he desir'd the Tyrant would come to him himself, for he had many things to discover, which requir'd Secresie: Upon which he came readily to him, and put his Face close to Zeno's Ear, upon which he took fast hold of the Tyrants Ear with his Teeth; whereupon the Guard came running in, and racking him to the utmost they could to force him to leave his hold, he fastned his Teeth the more fiercely, so that the Guard not being able to baffle the resolution of the Man, they were forc'd to intreat him to let go; and by this trick, he was releas'd from his torments, with a revenge upon the Tyrant.

48. Sextus the Son of Lucinius Tarquinius, King of the Romans, took a Journey to the * 1.45 City Coilatia, and there Lodg'd at the House of Lucius Tarquinius the King's Nephew, whose Wife was call'd Lucretia, a most beautiful Lady and renown'd for her Chastity. Sextus rose up in the Night and broke down her Chamber Door, when she was in Bed, and attempted to force her, (her Husband at that time being in the Camp at Ardea) and with his drawn Sword in his Hand, threatn'd to kill her, unless she yielded, and told her he had a Slave ready, whom he would lay naked in Bed with her, and kill them both, that it might be said, she was justly kill'd in the act of Adultery, and that he had done it in revenge of the injury done to his Kinsman. And therefore it was better for her quiet∣ly to gratifie him in what he desir'd, promising her likewise many great and rich re∣wards, and to Marry her, and so from a private Condition, she should be advanc'd to the State and Dignity of a Queen. Lucretia amaz'd with the strangeness and suddenness of the thing, and fearful lest it should be thought she was kill'd really for an act of Adulte∣ry,

was quiet at that time. The next day when Sextus was gone, she presently sent for all her Servants and Houshold, and desir'd they would not suffer the Wickedness of the Man to go unpunish'd, who had violated all the Laws of Friendship and Hospitality: And that for her self (she said) it was not Honourable longer to survive the violation of her Chastity: and having said this, she stabb'd her self into the Breast with a Dagger, and so breath'd her last.

49. Hippocrates King of Gela, after his Victory over the Syracusians, when he En∣campt * 1.46 near the Temple of Jupiter, took the Chief Priests, and some of the principal Citizens of Syracuse, who had spoil'd the Temple of the Consecrated golden Vessels, and carry'd away other things, especially Jupiter's Cloak, which was made of Massy and Solid Gold, sharply rebuk'd them as sacrilegious Persons, and commanded them forthwith to return to the City. He himself toucht none of the things devoted, both to buoy up the Credit and Reputation of his own Name, as likewise judging it unfit for him, who had undertaken so great a War, to act so high a piece of Impiety against the Gods. Besides, he conceiv'd by this means he should stir up the People against the Go∣vernors of Syracuse, who rul'd the Commonwealth with rigour, beyond all bounds of moderation and Equity.

50. Thero of Arge••••um, for Wealth and Nobility of Birth, and his courteous Carriage, * 1.47 towards the meanest Man, was not only highly honour'd among the Citizens, but even among all the Sicilians.

51. Cimon the Son of Miltiades, when his Father dy'd in the Common Goal, because he was not able to pay the Fine impos'd upon him, gave up himself into Custody, to a∣bide in Prison for his Fathers Mulct, that he might have the Body of his Parent to bury it.

52. Cimen was very Eminent, when he was a Civil Magistrate, and afterwards be∣came a famous General in the Wars and perform'd such Actions by his Valour, as are worthy of an everlasting Remembrance.

53. Those at Thermopyle dy'd fighting couragiously, whose Valour, &c.—Which are publish'd in the 11th Book of Diodorus his History, P. 9. What after follows in the Ma∣nuscript, because they are extant in Diodorus his History, I have purposely omitted, 12 Folio's.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Castor and Pollux, two of the Captains, with the Argo∣nauts An. M. 2714. in the time of Abi∣melech.
• * 1.2

  King of Elis.
• * 1.3

  A brazen Bridge, over which he drave a Chariot to imitate Thun∣der. Virg. Ened. Lib. 6.
• * 1.4

  Aeneas, An. M. 2764. Helv, in time of Ebzan, 7 Jud. 12. 9. The destruction of Troy. Ush. Ann. says in 2820, in the time of Jeptha was next before Eb∣zan, before Ch. 1184. 408 Years be∣fore the first Olymp. Romulus Sil∣vius.
• * 1.5

  Malachus.
• * 1.6

  Lycurgus, be∣fore Ch. 884. In the time of Jehu.
• * 1.7

  Eleans.
• * 1.8

  Romulus Remus.
• * 1.9

  Polychares. Eucephnus. This was one of the occasions of the first Messe∣nian War. See Sir Walter Rawley's His of the World. Lib. 2. 1 part, Cap. 27. Sect. 4 Began the 9. Olympiad. 2. end d 14 Olymp. 5 be∣gan and ended in the time of Hezekiah Before Christ, 741. Justin, lib. 3. Paus. lib. 4. c. 4.
• * 1.10

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 Instead of (〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉) Not obtaining Justice as some say. Vid. Notes upon Paus. L. 4. c. 4. Archias. Actaeon. This was a lit∣tle before the first Messenian War. Ant. Ch. 741. So Petavius de Rac. Tempor. c. 12.
• * 1.11

  Actaeon was torn in pieces by his own Dogs. Agathocles.
• * 1.12

  Numa Pom∣pilius. Ant. Ch. 712. 15 Tear of Hezek. Deioces.
• * 1.13

  Siberites.
• * 1.14

  Myndirites.
• * 1.15

  Or Faulkners.
• * 1.16

  Hippomenes. Her name was Limone. See Ovid. Epist. in Ibis. Sola{que} Limo∣ne paenam ne senserit illam; Et tua dente ferox, viscera carpit equus. Time of Heze. 6th Year.
• * 1.17

  Arcesilaus.
• * 1.18

  Demonax.
• * 1.19

  * A City in Ar∣cadia.
• * 1.20

  Lucius Tar∣quinius.
• * 1.21

  Solon. Before Christ 622. In the time of Josias King of Judah.
• * 1.22

  Myso.
• * 1.23

  Chilo, Wise Man.
• * 1.24

  Pittacus, Wise Man. Flourished about the 42 Olym∣piad.
• * 1.25

  * Which will never be.
• * 1.26

  Bias, Wise Man.
• * 1.27

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.28

  Cyrus.
• * 1.29

  Astyages.
• * 1.30

  Cyrus.
• * 1.31

  Adrastus.
• * 1.32

  Croesus.
• * 1.33

  Servius Tul∣lius.
• * 1.34

  Olymp. 61. Pythagoras.
• * 1.35

  The Pythago∣rians. Love and Kindness one to another.
• * 1.36

  Phintias and Damon wil∣ling to dye one for another.
• * 1.37

  Oath.
• * 1.38

  Cylo.
• * 1.39

  Lysis.
• * 1.40

  Cambyses.
• * 1.41

  Cambyses.
• * 1.42

  Cambyses.
• * 1.43

  Polycrates.
• * 1.44

  Zeno and Ne∣archus. This is cited in Valesius his Notes upon Ammianus Marcellin. lib. 14. c. 9 p. 46. The new Edition.
• * 1.45

  Sextus Tar∣quinius. Lucretia. Olymp. 66. 3. An. M••n. 3436 Ant. Ch. 512. T••mpore D••rij Hystaspis.
• * 1.46

  Hippocrates.
• * 1.47

  Thero.