The historical library of Diodorus the Sicilian in fifteen books : the first five contain the antiquities of Egypt, Asia, Africa, Greece, the islands, and Europe : the last ten an historical account of the affairs of the Persians, Grecians, Macedonians and other parts of the world : to which are added the fragments of Diodorus that are found in the Bibliotheca of Photius : together with those publish'd by H. Valesius, L. Rhodomannus, and F. Ursinus / made English by G. Booth ..., Esq.

CHAP, V.

The Siege of Rhodes continu'd: The Acts of the Sea Captains of the Rhodians. Peace made with the Rhodians. The Acts of Agathocles in the Lipari Islands. The Acts of Demetrius in Greece. The War between the Tarentines and Lucanians. The Acts of Cleonymus the Spartan. Cassander sends to Antigo∣nus to make Peace, who refuses. Lysimachus joins with Cassander, and so does Ptolemy and Seleucus against Antigonus: He marches against Lysimachus. Demetrius's further Acts in Greece. The Armies of Cassander and Demetrius. Demetrius leaves Greece and goes with his Army to his Father in Asia, after Peace made with Cassander. The misfortunes of Pleistarchus at Sea. Ptolemy besieges Sidon, but returns to Aegypt upon a false Report. Seleucus marches from Babylon with a great Army.

AFter the former Year had run its course, Pherecles was made chief Governor of * 1.1 Athens, and Publius Sempronius and Publius Sulpicius were invested with the Consu∣lar Dignity at Rome: At the same time was solemniz'd the Hundred and nineteenth Olym∣piad, in which Andromenes the Corinthian bore away the Prize. About this time Demetri∣us, who lay still before Rhodes, seeing things did not succeed as to his attempts made at * 1.2 Sea, resolv'd to Assault the City by Land. To that end he made preparation of Plen∣ty of all sort of Timber, and fram'd the Engine call'd Helepolis, far bigger than any of the former. Its Basis was four square; every side was almost in length Fifty Cubits, made up of four square pieces of Timber, bound together by Plates of Iron. In the middle part he plac'd strong Planks of Timber a Cubit distance one from ano∣ther, for those that forc'd the Engine forward, to stand upon. The whole was mov'd upon Eight strong and large Wheels; whose Felloes were Two Cubit thick, co∣ver'd with strong Iron Plates: Thwart over the Spokes were contriv'd * 1.3 Antist••••pta's to turn about the Engine in a trice when ever they pleas'd. At every corner of the Ma∣chine were Pillars rais'd, little less than a hundred Cubits high, every one of an equal length, so compacted together, as that the whole Machine was Nine Stories high. In the first were Three and forty Beds, and in the highest Nine: The three sides of the Engine were lin'd on the outside with Iron Plates fastn'd with Nails, to prevent all damage from Fire that might be shot or cast from the City. In every Story at the Front were made Loop-holes, proportionable, and in shape, to the nature of the Artillery that was thence to be discharged. To these were Shutters (fastn'd to the Engine) to draw up, for the better defence of them within that threw the Darts; for they were lin'd with Skins stuff'd with Wooll to deaden the force of the Stone-shot. Every Story was furnish'd with two * 1.4 large Ladders, that whatever was necessary might be brought in to them, at one and the same time by one, while others were going down upon other occasions by the other, that so every thing might be dispatcht without tumult and confusion. There were chosen out of the whole Army the strongest Men (to the number of Three thousand and four hun∣dred) to move the Engine forward; of whom some from within, and others plac'd be∣hind, so forc'd it forward, that Art and Strength together much facilitated the motion. He mad also * 1.5 Testudo's, by some to fill up Trenches and Ditches, and with others to bring up Battering Rams: He made likewise Galleries, through which they that were imploy'd might pass and repass with safety at their pleasure. By the help and assistance likewise

of the Seamen, he plain'd and laid even all the way along which the Engines were to be brought up, to the space of Four Furlongs, so that the breadth of the Work fac'd as much of the City-Wall as consisted of Six Divisions between the Turrets, and of Seven of the Turrets themselves The multitude of Artificers and Workmen that were got together, were no less than Thirty thousand Men. Every thing therefore (through multitude of hands) being perfected and compleated sooner than could be imagin'd, Demetrius became a Terror to the Rhodians; for not only the greatness of the Engines, and the multitude of Men, but the Valour and Diligence of the King in carrying on of Sieges amaz'd them: * 1.6 for he was extraordinary ingenious in invention, and contriv'd many things beyond all the Art and Industry of the Artificers; whence he got the Name of * 1.7 Poliorches: for he was so fierce and violent in his Assaults, that no Wall seem'd to be so strong as to be a suffici∣ent Defence to the Besieg'd against him. And besides, he was so Tall and Beautiful, that he look'd like a Demy God; insomuch as those who came to him but as Guests and Stran∣gers, and saw his Gracely Meen cloath'd with Royal Majesty, they were struck with Admiration, and would often attend upon him in his Expeditions, meerly to have the sa∣tisfaction in looking at him. Moreover, he was of an high and noble Spirit, that scorn'd not only to stoop to the common sort, but even to Princes themselves. And that which was most strange and peculiar only to himself was, in times of Peace he was given to Drukenness and Banqueting, to Dancing and Rioting; and would imitate even the Man∣ners of Bacchus himself, such (as is fabulously reported) he us'd to practise when he was upon Earth: But in times of War he was very active and serious, insomuch as he went beyond all the rest, both as to his Head and Hand, when any thing was to be done. For in his time, and by his contrivance, were made the greatest Darts, and such sort of Engines as far exceeded all other Nations in the World: And after this Siege and his Fa∣ther's Death, he launch'd forth the greatest Ships that ever were before seen. In the mean time the Rhodians perceiving how the Enemy's Works went on, built another Wall with∣in, answerable to that which was now presently to be Assaulted; and to this purpose they us'd the Stones that Wall'd in the Theater, and pull'd down some neighbouring Houses, and some Temples for the same purpose, vowing to the Gods to build larger and fairer, * 1.8 if the City were preserv'd. They sent out likewise Nine Ships, and commanded the Cap∣tains that infesting every part, and surprizing what Ships they could, they should sink some of those they took, and bring in others into the City Harbour. These Captains divided their Squadron into three parts; Damophilus with the Ships which the Rhodians call'd * 1.9 Phalacidae sail'd to * 1.10 Carpathus, were surprizing many of Demetrius's Fleet, he sunk some, and burnt others that were drawn up upon the Shoar, making choice of such Prisoners as might be most useful and serviceable; and many Ships that were carrying Corn and other Fruits out of the Island, he brought away with him into his own Country.

Menedemus who commanded three small * 1.11 Gallies betwixt two and three Tire of Oars, made for Patara and Lycia, and there found a Ship at Anchor, and burnt her; all her Men being before gone off to Land: He took likewise many of the Enemies Transport Ships which carry'd Provisions to their Camp, and sent them to Rhodes: He took also a Ship of Four Tire of Oars coming out of Cilicia, which carry'd a Royal Robe, and other rich Furniture which Phila Demetrius his Wife had curiously wrought, and had sent as a Pre∣sent to her Husband. He order'd the Garments to be convey'd into Egypt, for they were Purple Robes fit for none to wear but Kings; but the Ship he took away with him, and sold all the Seamen he had taken both out of the Galley of four Tire of Oars, and other Vessels. Amyntas who commanded the other Ships sailed to the Islands, and * 1.12 falling in with some of the Enemy, that were conveying away something of use for the Engines, he sunk some of the Ships, and brought in others to the City; in which were taken Eleven famous Artificers, most expert Artists in making of Darts and Engines.

After this was call'd a General Assembly, wherein it was propos'd that the Statues of Antigonus and Demetrius should be pull'd down; affirming, that it was a thing intolera∣ble that Enemies and Besiegers of the City should have the same Honours as those that were Friends and Benefactors: But the People were much incens'd at this motion, and and check'd them that propos'd it as those that did ill: and would not suffer any thing in diminution to the Honour of Antigonus, thereby, wisely consulting both their own Re∣putation and Advantage: For this greatness of Mind, and soundness of Judgment in a Democratical Government redounded amongst all to the praise of the Besieged, and softned and melted the Spirits of the Besiegers: For they that had set at liberty the Greek Cities, who had testify'd nothing of their good Will towards them as their Benefactors, now seem'd to go about to enslave that City, who had given a clear and evident Demonstration of the firmness and constancy of their Gratitude. This Resolution likewise might rea∣sonably

be concluded to be of singular Advantage to them in the worst of Fortune; for if the City were taken, the remembrance of their Kindness might plead and prevail for their Pardon: It's clear therefore that the Rhodians manifested singular Prudence in the Manage∣ment of this Affair.

Demetrius had even now undermin'd the City, when a Deserter very opportunely came in and inform'd the City, that the Miners were approach'd almost within the Walls: * 1.13 Upon which, the Rhodians drew a deep Trench all along the Wall that was now ready to be tumbled down, and forthwith fell to Countermining; and at length met the Ene∣my under Ground, and so prevented the Mine from proceeding any further: And while both Parties guarded the Mines, some of Demetrius his Soldiers with Money brib'd Athe∣nagoras, the Captain of the Guard for the Rhodians: He was a Milesian, sent thither by Ptolemy, and Captain of the Mercenaries, who having promis'd to betray the City, ap∣pointed a Day on which Demetrius should send some one of the chiefest of his Com∣manders, * 1.14 who should enter in the Night through the Mines into the City, and find out a Place fit and convenient to receive the Soldiers. Athenagoras having now rais'd up the Hopes and Expectations of the Demetrians, discovers the whole Intrigue to the Senate. The King, according to the Compact, sends one of his Noblemen, Alexander a Macedo∣nian: But the Rhodians seiz'd him as soon as he peep'd up out of the Mine; but crown'd Athenagoras with a Crown of Gold, and for a Reward, gave him Five Talents of Silver; and then made it their Business to engage the rest of the Mercenaties and Strangers to be faithful to the People all the ways they could. However,

Demetrius having now finish'd all his Engines, and plain'd and laid even every place under the Walls, brought up his * 1.15 Helepolis in the middle, and so order'd his Testudoes for filling up of Trenches and Ditches, (which were Eight in Number,) that he plac'd Four on each side of the Helepolis. To each of these was adjoin'd a Gallery, that they who went in and out might execute what was commanded without any Danger. He had likewise two other Testudoes that bore Battering Rams, far larger than the rest; for both of them were a Hundred and twenty Cubits long, strongly arm'd with Iron, and their * 1.16 * 1.17 Heads resembled the Beak of a Ship, and were easily mov'd forward by the help of Wheels; but to do effectual Execution, they were forc'd on by a Thousand Men at least.

Being ready to bring up his Engines to the Walls, he fill'd every Story in the Helepolis with as many Engines for shooting of Stones, Arrows, and Darts, as each would hold. Then he sent his Sea-Forces to the Haven and the Places adjoining, and order'd his Land-Army to the rest of the Wall where any approach could possibly be made. At length, at one Signal and Word of Command all set up a shout together, and with great Vio∣lence storm'd the City on every side: And at the very time that the Walls were shaking and trembling with the Strokes of the Battering Rams, and Stones shot from the Engines, in came Ambassadors from Cnidus, and intreated him to forbear all further Proceedings by force of Arms, and promis'd, that they would persuade the Rhodians to submit (as far as it was possible) to his Commands. The King hereupon remitted his Heat, and Am∣bassadors were sent from both sides, who banded Matters to and fro, but could not come to any Agreement. Whereupon he resolutely renew'd the Assault, and batter'd down one of the strongest Towers built of Four-square Stone, and so shook the whole space be∣tween * 1.18 the Towers, that the Besieg'd could not pass that way to the Bulwarks.

But at this time, King Ptolemy sent a great Fleet with Provision to the Rhodians; in which were Three hundred thousand * 1.19 Artabans of Corn, Beans, and Pease: These making a straight course for Rhodes, Demetrius sent Shipping after them, in order to seize the Provi∣sion for the use of his own Camp: But the Ptolemeans, (hoising up all their Sails,) by the favour of a fair Gale of Wind arriv'd safe at their Port, and so those that were sent after them by Demetrius, return'd as they went. Cassander likewise sent Ten thousand Me∣dimnas of Barly to the Rhodians, and Lysimachus Forty thousand of Wheat, and as much of Barly.

The Town thus supply'd with Plenty of Provision, their languishing Spirits now re∣viv'd; and thereupon judging it much to their Advantage if they could ruine the Ene∣mies Engines, they got together abundance of Fire-balls, and other Engines for shooting of Fire, and plac'd them and all their other Artillery upon the Walls; and the next Night, about the second Watch, on a sudden they play'd continually upon the Enemies Guard with their Shot of Arrows, Darts, Stones, and other Weapons; and making use also of all sorts of Fire-Engines, they grievously wounded and galled all that came flocking into that Part: Hereupon the Demetrians (who were altogether surpriz'd by so sudden and unexpected an Attack) being mightily concern'd for their Engines and their other Works,

ran all in a Body together to defend them. The Night being very dark, no Moon ap∣pearing, * 1.20 Firebrands flying about with great violence, gave Light to the Night; and Darts and Stones from the * 1.21 Catapults and † 1.22 Ballistas (not discern'd when they were shot) wounded and gall'd many of the Combatants, who could not see how to avoid them. And now at this very time some of the Iron Plates fell off from the great Engine, and the Firebrands had the good Fortune to fall upon that part that was bare: Upon which Demetrius was in a great Fright lest the Engine should be totally consum'd as the Fire en∣creas'd; and therefore endeavour'd to prevent it with all the speed possible, and to quench the raging Flame by the Water before prepar'd, and ready in the Apartments of the En∣gine for such Accidents. At length he call'd together by sound of Trumpet those that were to move the Engines, and by their Help, brought them off out of the reach of the Darts. When it was day, he order'd the Boys and Pages in the Army to gather all the Darts and Arrows shot by the Rhodians; because he had a desire by numbering of these, to make a Conjecture how the Citizens were furnish'd and provided. These Boys performing what they were commanded, there were in number of Fire-brands and other Vehicles for Fire of several sizes, above Eight Hundred, of Darts no fewer than Fifteen hundred This vast number of Darts, Arrows, Firebrands, and Balls, shot in in so little a portion of the Night, caus'd him to admire the Store and Provision of the City in their Ammunition; and likewise their great Charge and Expence in providing them. Then he set about repairing of his Engines, burying the Dead, and curing those that were Wounded: During which time, the Citizens (having a Respite from the Assaults and Batteries of the Engines) built a third Wall in the shape of an Half-Moon, which compass'd in all that part of the Wall that lay most open and obnoxious to the Enemies Batteries: And besides this, they drew a deep Trench round that part of the Wall which * 1.23 was ready to fall, that the King might not enter on a sudden at the first Push. They sent out likewise some Ships (that were swift Sailers) under the Command of Amyntas; who made over to the Continent in Asia, and there set upon some Privateers that were Commission'd by Demetrius: They had three open Vessels, and were reputed the stout∣est Men the King had in his Fleet. After a short Fight, the Rhodians took both the Ships and Men together, among whom were Timocles, the chief of the Pirates: They fell like∣wise upon some Merchant Ships, and took some light Vessels loaden with Corn, and with these and the Pirates open Vessels they secretly pass'd by the Enemy, and got into Rhodes.

Demetrius having repair'd his Machines, brings them up again to the Walls, and with showers of Darts and Arrows forc'd the Besieg'd off from the Bulwarks, and battering the Place adjoining with his Rams, beat down two Spaces between the Towers. In the heat of this Action the Besieg'd with all their Might defended the middle Tower, and were continually press'd upon with strong Parties of fresh Men one after another, so that Aminias their chief Commander (couragiously behaving himself) was there slain, with many other of the common Soldiers.

While these Things were doing, King Ptolemy sent to the Rhodians as much Corn and other Provision as he had done before; and Fifteen Hundred Soldiers besides, under the Command of Antigonus a Macedonian. About the same time there came to Demetrius above Fifty Ambassadors from Athens, and other Cities of Greece, all solliciting the King to compose Matters, and strike up a Peace with the Rhodians: Whereupon there was a * 1.24 Cessation of Arms, and many Harangues were now made to the People, and then again to Demetrius, but they could not agree upon any Terms; and therefore the Ambassadors went away without effecting any thing.

Demetrius afterwards was contriving to make an Attack upon the City in the Night, at that part of the Wall that was fallen down; to this end he pick'd out the best of his Sol∣diers, * 1.25 and some others fit for the Purpose, in all to the number of Fifteen Hundred, whom he commanded to approach the Walls secretly about the second Watch. He him∣self stood ready with the rest of the Army, and gave Orders to the Officers of every Re∣giment, upon a Signal given to set up a Shout, and forthwith to make an Assault upon the City both by Sea and Land; who all executed his Commands accordingly; and presently one Party made to the Ruines, and killing the Watch at the Trench, broke into the City, and possess'd themselves of all the Places round the Theatre. The Rhodians seeing all the City in an Uproar upon the knowledge of what had happen'd, commanded them that guarded the Port and the Walls, every one to keep their several Posts, and endea∣vour to beat off the Enemy that attempted to enter. They in the Town with the stoutest of the Citizens, and those Soldiers then lately come from Alexandria, set upon * 1.26 them that were broke in within the Walls: But as soon as it was Day, Demetrius lifted up

the * 1.27 Signal, at which both they that had made an Attack upon the Port, and those round the Walls, set up a Shout all together, to encourage their Men that had enter'd, and were about the Theatre. The poor Women and Children throughout the whole City were in terrible Frights and Lamentations, as if the Town had been then certainly taken by Storm.

However, a sharp Encounter there was between them that had enter'd within the Walls and the Rhodians; and though many fell on both sides, yet neither of them at first gave the least Ground: But after a while, when many more of the Rhodians came flocking in, resolv'd to endure the greatest Extremity, as now to fight for their Country, and for all that was dear to them in the World, the King's Party were overborn; and Alcimus and Mantias, the Commanders of the Party, (after many Wounds receiv'd,) were there slain; most of the rest were either kill'd upon the Spot, or taken Prisoners; but some few made their escape, and got to the King. Many likewise of the Rhodians were slain at the same time, amongst whom was Damotetis, * 1.28 President of the Council, a Man most Renown'd for his Valour. Demetrius (although he judg'd, that Fortune had, as it were, wrung the City out of his Hands, yet) prepar'd for another Assault; But his Father writing to him to make Peace with the Rhodians upon such Terms and Conditions as he could get, he watch'd for the most convenient opportunity, which might afford him a * 1.29 colourable Pretence for an Agreement and Composure of Matters between them. Pto∣lemy likewise, though he had before writ to the Rhodians to acquaint them that he in∣tended to send them a great quantity of Corn, and Three thousand Men, yet afterwards advising them to Treat and Agree with Antigonus upon any reasonable Conditions, they all inclin'd to Peace. At the same time likewise the Aetolian Commonwealth sent Ambas∣sadors to Negociate a Pacification. The Rhodians therefore at length struck up a Peace with * 1.30 Demetrius upon the Conditions following; viz.

That the City should Govern accord∣ing to their own Laws, and should be without a Garison: That they should Enjoy their own Estates and Revenues: That they should join with Antigonus in his Wars against all Persons, except Ptolemy: And that they should deliver a Hundred Citizens for Ho∣stages, such as Demetrius should make Choice of, except such as were Magistrates.

And thus the Rhodians (after a whole Year's Siege) put an end to the War, honouring those with just Rewards, who had approv'd themselves honest and faithful to their Country; and such Slaves as had behav'd themselves stoutly and valiantly, they set free, and enroll'd them as Members of the City: They set up likewise the Statues of the Kings, Ptolemy, Cassander, and Lysimachus, and of some others inferiour to them, yet who had contribu∣ted much to the Preservation of the Place. But that they might express their Gratitude * 1.31 and Thankfulness to Ptolemy above all the rest, they sent some of their Priests to consult the Oracles of Ammon, whether they should worship Ptolemy as a God, or no: And be∣ing answer'd, That they should; they consecrated to him a Four-square Grove in their * 1.32 City; building on every side thereof a Gallery of a Furlong in length, and call'd it Pto∣lemeum, or Ptolemy's Gallery. They repair'd also the Theatre, and the Parts of the Walls that were thrown down, and made them, and all the other Places that had been ruin'd, far more Beautiful and Glorious than they were before.

Demetrius having ratifi'd the Peace with the Rhodians, (according to his Father's Com∣mands,) loos'd from thence with his whole Army, and passing by the Islands, he arriv'd at Aulis in Boeotia, minding with all speed to set the Grecians at Liberty; for Cassander and Polysperchon grown bold through the absence of the Enemy, had not long before wasted and harrass'd many Parts of Greece. And first of all he freed the City of the Calcideans from a Garison of the Boeotians, and forc'd the Boeotians (out of fear of him) to fall off from their League with Cassander. Afterwards confederating with the Aetolians, he pre∣par'd to make War upon Polysperchon and Cassander.

During these Transactions, Eumelus, the King of Bospherus Cimmerius, having now reign'd * 1.33 Six Years, ended his Days; after whom succeeded Sparticus his Son, who reign'd Twen∣ty Years.

Having now given an Account of the Affairs of Greece and Asia, we shall pass over to other Parts of the World.

In Sicily, Agathocles on a sudden, and without any Provocation, invaded the Inhabitants * 1.34 of the Lipari Islands, being then in full and perfect Peace and Security, and exacted from them Fifty Talents of Silver. At which time, many thought that 'twas then spoken from a Divine Spirit, when 'twas said, That God would remarkably pursue him for his Wickedness: The Liparians then desir'd him, that he would give some time to make up the Money that was short, declaring that to that time they never made use of the Dedicated Treasure:

But Agathocles forc'd him to give him the Money that was in the * 1.35 Sacred Treasury. Upon some of which was stamp'd the Image of Aeolus, and upon others Vulcan; and when he had got it, he set sail and away he went: But there arose a Storm that broke in pieces Eleven of the Ships that carry'd the Money: Which gave occasion to many to conclude, that Aeolus (who is said to have Command of the Winds in those Parts) executed Ven∣geance upon him at his first setting forth. And that Vulcan at his latter end punish'd the Tyrant in his own Country, according to the just Desert of his Wickedness, burning him alive with hot Coals: For it was one and the same Justice and Divine Will that forbore and pass'd over those that sav'd and preserv'd their Parents at the Foot of Mount Aetna; and that exerted his Power in punishing those that had impiously prophan'd the Deity. But what is now said concerning the Return and Misfortunes of Agathocles, shall be fur∣ther * 1.36 confirm'd when we come to the Time proper for that Relation; but now we must apply our selves to what was done in those Parts of Italy that lay bordering one upon another.

The Romans and Samnites, after a War of Two and twenty Years and Six Months continuance, by their mutual Ambassadors at length made Peace one with another. But Sempronius, one of the Consuls, broke into the Country of the Aequi, and took Forty Towns in Forty Days time at the most; and bringing the whole Country into absolute Subjection to the Roman Yoke, return'd home, and most worthily and gloriously triumph'd. But the Romans enter into a League with the Marsi, Peligni, and Marrycini.

When the former Year was ended, Leostratus was chosen Chief Magistrate of Athens for this succeeding, and Servius Cornelius and Lucius Genucius were created consuls at Rome. * 1.37 In the time of whose Governments, Demetrius resolv'd to make War upon Cassander, and to restore Liberty to the Grecians; and above all other Concerns, to put the Affairs of * 1.38 Greece into a good and happy Condition; because he hop'd by the Liberty granted, there∣by both to advance his own Reputation, as also to break those Captains of Cassander's as were join'd with Prepalaus, and that by falling upon Cassander, he should gain the Sove∣reign Power to himself. The City of Sicyon was then held by a Garison of Ptolemy the King, of which, Philip, a brave and gallant Man, was Governor; upon this Place Deme∣trius * 1.39 made a sudden Attack in the Night, and broke in within the Walls; whereupon the Garison Soldiers presently hurri'd into the Castle. Demetrius being now possess'd of the Town, posted himself between the Houses and the Cittadel; and being just upon the point of bringing up his Engines, they within were so terrify'd, that they surrender'd up∣on Terms, and then sail'd away into Aegypt. Afterwards having prevail'd with the Si∣cyons to remove and settle themselves within the Castle, he laid that part of the City that adjoin'd to the Haven even to the Ground, which was a Place before every way strongly fortify'd: Then joining with the Inhabitants, and helping them to build * 1.40 Houses, and re∣storing them to their former Liberty, he was honour'd by these he had thus oblig'd as a Demi-God; for they call'd the City Demetriades, and appointed Sacrifices, Festivals and Sports, with other Honours, to be Yearly celebrated and offer'd in Memory of him as the Builder of their City. But Time and Turns of Fortune put an end to these Solem∣nities.

The Sicyons therefore being fix'd in a far better Place than they were before, have continu'd there from that very time to this day: For the Site of the Citadel is large and Plain, compass'd in on every side with inaccessible Rocks, so as no Engine can pos∣sibly approach or come near it: It's furnish'd likewise with plenty of Water, by which the Inhabitants greatly inrich their Gardens and Orchards: And therefore all approv'd the Wisdom and ingenious Contrivance of the King, that had provided for them every * 1.41 thing conducing to their Pleasure in time of Peace, and to their Protection and Security in time of War. Having settled all Things at Sicyon, he march'd thence with his whole Army to Corinth, which Prepalaus, Cassander's General, then held with a strong Garison; where being presently let in by the Citizens in the Night, (through a little Sally-Port.) he gain'd the City, together with the Havens-The Soldiers in Garison hereupon fled, some of them into the * 1.42 Sisyphium, (as it's call'd,) others into the Cittadel: Whereupon the Engines being brought up to the Fortifications, after much much Toil and Labour he took Sisyphium by Storm: The Besieg'd had (before he enter'd) all fled to them that were in the Cittadel; but he so terrify'd them also, that he forc'd them to surrender; for this King in Assaults was not to be resisted; and in inventing of Engines for the assaulting of Places, was extraordinary Ingenious.

And now altho' he restor'd the Corinthians to their Liberty, yet he put a Garison into the * 1.43 Citadel; because the Citizens desir'd to continue under the † 1.44 King's Protection, until he had subdu'd Cassander: And so Prepelaus having thus poorly lost Corinth, went to Cassander.

Then Demetrius march'd into Achaia, and took Buta by Assault; and within a few days after, he had Scyrus deliver'd up to him, and expell'd the Garison thence: Moving forward, he freed all the rest of the Cities of Achaia. Then encamping at Aegeum, he lay with his Army round the Walls; and upon a Parly with Strombichus the Governour, demanded the Surrender of the Town: But he not only refus'd, but rail'd against Deme∣trius from the Walls, and gave him base Language; whereupon the King brought up the Engines, batter'd down the Wall, and took the City by Storm; and there crucify'd Strombicus (who was plac'd there as Governour by Polysperchon) and about Fourscore more that were his inveterate Enemies) before the Walls of the Town. And from among the Prisoners he pickt out 2000 Mercenaries, and intermixt them amongst his own Regiments.

After the taking of this City, they who held the neighbouring Forts and Castles, thought it to no purpose to oppose the King; and therefore all surrendred their Garisons. And all the Governours of Cities (seeing that Cassander and Polysperchon sent them no Assi∣stance, and that Demetrius with a potent Army, and with Engines (the greatest that * 1.45 ever came into the Field) was ready to fall upon them, surrender'd all up to him. And thus stood the Affairs of Demetrius.

In Italy the Tarentines (being at War with the Lucanians and the Romans) sent Ambassa∣dors * 1.46 to Sparta desiring Aid, and that Cleonymus might be sent them for their General. The Lacedaemonians readily granted the General that was desir'd; and the Tarentines sent Ships and Money, wherewith Cleonymus rais'd Five thousand Men, and muster'd them at Tenarus in Laconia; and thence by a short Cut sail'd to Tarentum, where he hir'd as many Mercenaries as the former, and listed some of the Citizens: In the whole he rais'd above Twenty thousand Foot and two thousand Horse. He join'd to his Army likewise many Greeks of Italy, together with the Messapians; whereupon the Lucanians being terrify'd with the greatness of his Army, made Peace with the Tarentines: Only the Metapontians stood off; and therefore he requir'd the Lucanians to join with him in spoiling and ha∣rassing their Country; and accordingly making use of a fit Opportunity, he broke in upon them, and put them into a terrible fright: And tho' he enter'dinto the * 1.47 City as a Friend, yet he trapann'd the Citizens out of Six thousand Talents of Silver, and up∣wards, and took away Two hundred young Ladies of the best Quality for Hostages; not so much to secure the Performance of the League, as to gratifie his own brutish Lusts; for he threw off his Laconick Habit, and gave up himself to all manner of Voluptuousness; and brought them into Bondage and Slavery, who had committed themselves to his Care and Protection. For tho' he had so great an Army, and so well provided, yet he did noting worthy the Name of a Spartan. He determin'd indeed to make an Expedition into Sicily, under colour to overturn the Tyranny of Agathocles, and to restore the Sicilians to * 1.48 their ancient Laws and Liberties; but omitting that for the present, he sail'd to Corcyra, and having taken the City, got there a vast Treasure, and Garison'd the Place, designing to make use of that as a Town and Citadel of War, and thence to manage all the Affairs of Greece. Forthwith Ambassadors came to him from Demetrius, Poliorches, and Cassan∣der severally, to sollicit him to join with them as Confederates; but he join'd with neither.

Afterwards, hearing that the Tarentines and some others had deserted him, and revol∣ted, he left a sufficient Garison at Corcyra, and with the rest of his Forces sail'd in a great Heat into Italy, with a Resolution to execute exemplary Punishment upon those that had rebell'd. Arriving at the very Place where the Barbarians kept Guard, he took the City, and after he had sold the Men for Slaves, he spoil'd and harass'd all the Country. He took also a Town call'd Triopius by Assault, and carry'd thence Three thousand Captives: But about this time the Barbarians got into a Body, and set upon his Camp in the night, and kill'd above two hundred of his Soldiers, and took about a Thousand Prisoners; and together with this Misfortune, at the very same time arose a violent Storm, and broke in pieces 20 of his Ships, as they lay at Anchor near to his Camp.

Being plagu'd with these Losses and Misfortunes falling one upon the neck of another, Cleonymus sail'd back with his Forces to Corcyra.

The former Year being now past, this Year Nicocles executed the Office of Lord Chan∣cellor * 1.49 of Athens, and Marcus Livius and Marcus Aemilius succeeded Consuls at Rome: At which time Cassander King of Macedon seeing the Armies of his Enemies to increase, and that the Storm was impending and ready to fall with all its weight upon him, was in a great Consternation concerning the Issue and Event: He sent therefore Ambassadors into Asia to Antigonus, to intreat him to be reconcil'd and strike up a Peace with him;

who fiercely and roughly answer'd, That he would own no Peace that should be made * 1.50 with him, unless Cassander would deliver up all into his hands. At which Answer he was greatly terrify'd; and sent for Lysimachus out of Thrace, to venture all in a Common Lot both together: For ever in his greatest Straits his manner was to have recourse to him for Relief, both upon the account of his Valour, and for that his Kingdom border'd upon Macedonia. These two Kings therefore (consulting together how to manage their Affairs to the best Advantage of them both) sent Ambassadors to Ptolemy King of Aegypt, and to Seleucus Prince of the Higher Provinces, giving them an account of the proud Answer of Antigonus; telling them, That they were all in equal Danger by this War; for if Antigonus gain'd Macedonia, he would presently swallow up the rest; and that he had upon several occasions given a clear Discovery of his Covetousness and Ambition; and that he would have none to be Sharers with him in any Part of the Empire; and therefore that it was very fit and expedient, that they should all join together against him. * 1.51

Ptolemy and Seleucus (judging what was said to be certainly true) readily came into the League, and rais'd numerous Forces to be assistant in the War. However, Cassander judged it not prudent to suffer the Enemy first to break in upon him, but that it was rather for his Advantage to be before-hand with them, and fall first upon them: To that end he deliver'd part of the Army to Lysimachus, and sent a General along with them; and he himself march'd with the rest into Thessaly, to fight with Demetrius and the other Grecians.

Lysimachus with his Army pass'd over out of Europe into Asia, and set free the Inhabi∣tants of Lampsacus and Paros, who had sided with him upon their own accord: But ta∣king * 1.52 Sigaeum by Assault, he put a Garison into it; and then committed Six thousand Foot and a Thousand Horse to the Charge of Prepelaus, and sent him to take in the Cities in Aeolia and Ionia: But he himself in the first place design'd to besiege Abydos, and carry'd along with him Darts, Battering Rams, and other Engines for that purpose. But a great number of Soldiers being sent by Sea from Demetrius for the defence of the City, he left off his Design; and having taken in Hellespont and Phrygia, he went on and besieg'd the City Synada, where the * 1.53 King's Magazine lay, and at the same time drew over Docimus, a Commander of Antigonus his Party, to stand for the Common Cause; and by his help took both Synada and other Forts where the King's Treasures were laid up.

In the mean time, Prepelaus, who was sent to make War upon Aeolia and Ionia, by the way took Adramittium, and besieg'd Ephesus; and so terrify'd the Inhabitants, that they submitted; and finding there the Hostages which the Rhodians had given, he sent them all * 1.54 home again to their Friends, and did no hurt to any of the Ephesians in their Persons; but set on fire all the Ships which he found in their Harbour, because the Enemy Comman∣ded as yet all at Sea, and for that the Issue of the War was hitherto uncertain. Afterthis, he join'd to him the Teians and Coplohonians. But as for Erythrae and Clazomene, they had Succour sent unto them by Sea, and therefore he could not take them; but having wasted their Territories, he departed and went for Sardis; and there he drew over by fair Words Phoenix and Docimus, two of Antigonus his Captains, and took the City it self, all but the * 1.55 Castle into his Protection. As for the Castle, Philippus (a Friend of Antigonus's) kept, and would not betray the Trust which he had repos'd in him. Antigonus was at that time wholly taken up in making Sports and Feasts at Antigonia, and had proclaim'd great Prizes for such as would put in for them, and huge Wages to all cunning Artificers that could be gotten.

But when he heard how Lysimachus was come into Asia, and by what Multitudes his Sol∣diers revolted to him, he brake off his Sports, and yet disburs'd among the Wrestlers and Ar∣tificers * 1.56 no less than Two hundred Talents; and then taking his Army with him, march'd away out of Syria, and by long Journies hastned to meet the Enemy. As soon as he came to Tarsus in Cilicia, he there, out of the Monies which he took with him out of the City of Quindi, gave his Army Three Months Pay before-hand; and besides this, brought Three thousand Talents along with him, to the end he might not be to seek for Money, if need should be. Then passing the Taurus, he hasted into Cappadoci, and reduc'd such as in the * 1.57 Upper Phrygia and Lacaonia had revolted from him; and so these serv'd him in the Wars as they did before.

Then Lysimachus hearing of the Enemy's approach, fell to consult with his Council in this imminent Danger, what was fittest to be done; and their Advice was, by no means to ha∣zard a Battel till Seleucus came down from the Upper Provinces; but to possess himself of the surest Places, and to Intrench himself in the strongest manner that possibly he could, with Ramparts, Palissadoes, and Stakes, and there expect the coming of the Enemy. Lysi∣machus having heard this Advice, put it seriously in Execution: And Antigonus, on the other side, as soon as he came near his Camp, drew out in Battalia, and provok'd 〈…〉〈…〉 to fight;

but seeing he would not, he went and kept all the Passages by which any Victual might come unto the Camp: Whereupon, Lysimachus fearing lest he should fall into the hands of the E∣nemy forwant of Provision, remov'd by Night, and having march'd Four hundred Furlongs came to Doryleum, and there Encamp'd; for that in those Parts there was sto••e of Corn, and other Provisions in abundance, having a River at the back of him as a Defence to his Camp. Wherefore having rais'd a Work, and inclos'd it with an exceeding deep Trench, and Palli∣sado'd it with three Rows of Stakes, he made all, as he thought, sure: But Antigonus finding the Enemy gone, pursu'd after him with all speed; and coming near to the Place where he lay, entrench'd, and seeing no disposition in him to fight, he presently fell to work, and drew another Trench round about his Camp to besiege him there; and to that purpose caus'd Darts, Arrows, and Catapults, to be brought thither to him: And though many Skirmishes were * 1.58 made about the Trenches, because Lysimachus his Men endeavour'd by their Darts and Ar∣rows to drive the Enemy from their Works, yet Antigonus his Party had still the better of it in every Encounter. For in time, Antigonus his Works came to be almost finish'd; but Ly∣simachus his Provision began to fail; who therefore taking the Advantage of a tempestuous Night, made away with his Army, and through Mountainous Countries came to his Winter-Quarters. But when Antigonus the next Morning saw that the Enemy was gone, he also march'd after him through the Champain Country; but by reason there fell great store of Rain and the Ways were Foul and Deep, he lost many of his Carriages, and some of his Men also in that Journey; and the whole Army was in great distress: Wherefore both to spare his Army, and because the Winter Quarter came on, he gave off his pursuit; and casting a∣bout for the fittest Places, he distributed his Army into Winter-Quarters: But receiving in∣telligence that Seleucus was marching down from the Higher Provinces with a numerous Ar∣my, he sent one of his Friends into Greece to Demetrius, Commanding him with all speed to come to him with his Forces. For he was in an extraordinary Fright, lest all the Kings joining together should force him to fight (and so lay all at stake) before the Forces out of Europe could join him.

Lysimachus in the like manner sent his Army to be quartered in the Country of Salmonia, * 1.59 having made large Provision for them out of Heraclea, for that he had alliance with them of that City: For he had marry'd Amestris, the Daughter of Oxyartes, Niece to the late King Darius (whom Alexander gave to Craterus to be his Wife) and now at this time Governess of * 1.60 the City. And thus stood the Affairs of Asia at that time.

But as to the Affairs of Greece, Demetrius being at Athens, greatly desir'd to be initiated * 1.61 into the Sacred Mysteries of Ceres at Eleusina: But in regard the time appointed by the Law, and commonly spent by the Athenians in performing the Ceremonies of this Solem∣nity, was very long and tedious, he intreated the People that (in return of his former kindness to them) they would alter their ancient Custom, which they agreed unto: Whereupon, he committed his Person unarm'd into the Hands of the Priests; and so be∣ing * 1.62 initiated before the Legal Day, he departed from Athens; and then rendezvous'd both his Fleet and Land-Army at Chalcis in Baeotia; but hearing that Cassander had block'd up all the Passes, he look'd upon it not feasible to go by Land into Thessaly, and therefore sail'd with the Army into the Haven of Larissa, and there landed his Men, upon which the City was forthwith surrender'd to him; but the Citadel he took by Force of Arms, and bound all the Soldiers of the Garison in Chains, and so committed them close Prisoners, and restor'd the Larisseans to their ancient Laws and Liberties: Then he took in Prona and Pteleum. Cassander had commanded the Inhabitants of * 1.63 Dion and Or∣chomenon to remove and settle at Thebes; but Demetrius put a stop to this Transplanting of the Cities. Cassander, when he saw that every thing went as Demetrius would have it, strengthned the Garisons in Phera and Thebes; and rendezvous'd his Forces in the Face of the Demetrians: His whole Army consisted of Nine and twenty thousand Foot, and Two * 1.64 thousand Horse. Those who follow'd Demetrius amounted to Fifteen hundred Horse, at least Eight thousand Macedonian Foot, and Fifteen thousand Mercenaries; and out of the Cities of Greece Five and twenty thousand; besides several Regiments of Light-arm'd Men, * 1.65 and a disorderly Rabble of fordid Fellows out of all Nations, to the Number of Eight thousand at the least, such as are us'd to follow Camps, only to Rob and Plunder where-ever they come: So that the whole Land-Army consisted of Six and Fifty thousand Men.

The Armies had now lay'n one over against the other many days, and though they were drawn up in Battalia on both sides, yet neither attempted to sight, solicitously ex∣pecting to hear how things went in Asia. At that time, Demetrius enter'd with part of his Army into the City of Pherea, being invited thither by the Inhabitants; and took the Citadel, and dismiss'd all Cassander's Soldiers, upon the Terms agreed upon, and re∣stor'd the Phereans to their former Liberties. While these Things were acting in T〈…〉〈…〉,

the Messengers from Antigonus came to Demetrius, who deliver'd his Father's Commands, and order'd him to transport his Forces over into Asia, with all the speed imaginable.

Whereupon, he looking upon it as a thing of absolute Necessity to obey his Father, forthwith struck up a Peace with Cassander, upon Condition, that his Father would ap∣prove * 1.66 of it; not in the least doubting, but that he would make all void, who he knew had resolv'd to put an end to the War, by no other ways than by force of Arms. Howe∣ver he was willing to manage his Business so, as that his leaving of Greece should look with a fair Face, and not resemble a Flight: For among other things, he took care to have it inserted into the Articles of Peace, That all the Greek Cities, both in Greece and Asia, should enjoy their ancient Laws and Liberties. At length, having got Ships together to * 1.67 transport his Army and the Carriages, he set sail with his whole Fleet, and steering a right Course through the Islands, (of the Aegean Sea) came to Ephesus, and there landing his Army, Encamp'd before it, and reduc'd it to its former Obedience, and suffer'd the Ga∣rison which Prepalaus had put there, safely to depart: Then putting a strong Garison of his own into the Castle there, march'd away with the rest of his Army as far as the Hel∣lespont, where he reduc'd the Lampsacenians and Parians, and other revolted Cities to his Subjection: And from thence going to the Mouth of Pentus, Encamp'd near the Temple of the Chalcedentans, and there fortisy'd; which done, he left there Three thousand Foot, and Thirty Sail of good Ships to keep the Port, and sent the rest of his Army to Quar∣ter for that Winter in several Places thereabouts.

About this time, Mithridates, who was subject to Antigonus, being suspected of fa∣vouring Cassander's Party, was slain at Cius, in the Country of Mysia; of which, and of Arthinas he had been Prince Thirty five years. His Son, call'd also Mithridates, succee∣ded him in his Principality, and added to his Dominions Cappadocia and Paphlagonia, and held them Thirty six years.

In these days Cassander, after the departure of Demetrius, recover'd all the Cities lying upon the Sea Coasts, and sent Pleistarchus into Asia, with an Army of Twelve thousand Foot and Five hundred Horse to assist Lysimachus. But Pleistarchus coming to the Mouth * 1.68 of Pontus, found that Streight kept by the Enemy: And thereupon, despairing of any Passage that way, went to Odessus, which lies between Apollonia and Galatia, over against * 1.69 Heraclea, where a Part of Lysimachus his Army lay: But having not Shipping enough for the Transportation of all his Forces at that Place, he divided his Army into three Parts: The first part that set out, landed safely at Heraclea: The second was defeated by the Enemy's Ships which lay to keep the Streight at Pontus: The third, wherein Pleistarchus himself was, was so overset by a violent Tempest, that the greatest part of the Ships, and Men in them perish'd: And among the rest the Ship wherein he was, being a Ves∣sel of Six Tire of Oars; and of all the Men in her, which could not be less than Five hun∣dred, only Three and thirty escap'd, of whom Pleistarchus himself was one, who getting upon a Plank of the Ship when it split, was cast on Shore half dead; yet being a little re∣cover'd, was carry'd to Heraclea, and there growing strong again, went to Lysunachus in his Winter Quarters, having lost the greatest part of his Army by the way.

About the same time, Ptolemy coming with an excellently well-appointed Army out of Aegypt, reduc'd all the Cities of Caelosyria to his Obedience; but when he lay in Siege be∣fore Sidon, there came a false Rumour to his Ear, that a Battel had been sought, wherein Lysimachus and Seleucus were routed and fled to Heraclea, and that Antigonus thereupon was hasting into Syria with his Victorious Army.

Ptolemy giving overlight credit to this Report, made a Truce with the Sidonians for five Months, and putting Garisons into other Cities which he had taken in those Parts, return'd into Aegypt.

While these things thus pass'd, Two thousand Autariats, and about Eight hundred Ly∣cians and Pamphilians of Lysunachus his Soldiers, fled over to Antigonus out of their Winter-Quarters, and Antigonus entertain'd them very courteously, furnishing them with such Pay, as they said Lysimachus ow'd them, and gave them also for a Reward large Sums of Money over and above.

About the same time also, Seleucus, with a great Army came down out of the Upper Provinces into Cappadocia, and Winter'd his Army in Tents which he brought ready made * 1.70 for them. His Army consisted of Twenty thousand Foot, and about Twelve thousand Horse, (reck'ning in with them his Archers on Horseback) and Four hundred and four∣score Elephants, and an Hundred Iron Chariots: Thus these Kings join'd their Forces, resolving the next Summer to decide the Controversie by the Sword. But we shall give an Account of the Wars among these Princes in the Beginning of the next Book, accord∣ing as we first design'd.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Olymp. 119. 1. Ant. Ch. 3••••.
• * 1.2

  S〈…〉〈…〉 of Rhodes. The City taken.
• * 1.3

  Instruments to turn the En∣gine. P. 780.
• * 1.4

  Ant. Ch. 30••.
• * 1.5

  Artificial Co∣vers over Mens Heads, made of strong Timber covered over with raw S〈…〉〈…〉.
• * 1.6

  Ant. Ch. 302.
• * 1.7

  Poliorches 〈◊〉〈◊〉.
• * 1.8

  Ant. Ch. 302. P. 781. The Acts of the Rhodian Sea-Captains.
• * 1.9

  Guard Ships
• * 1.10

  Carpathus, an Island be∣tween Rhodes and Creete now Scarpanto.
• * 1.11

  〈◊〉〈◊〉 〈1 line〉〈1 line〉 〈◊◊◊◊◊〉〈◊◊◊◊◊〉.
• * 1.12

  Ant. Ch. 302.
• * 1.13

  Ant. Ch. 302.
• * 1.14

  P. 782.
• * 1.15

  The great Engine.
• * 1.16

  Ant. Ch. 30••
• * 1.17

  The Rams Heads.
• * 1.18

  Ant Ch. 302.
• * 1.19

  A Persian Measure, some∣thing larger than a Me∣dimna, which is 18 Gallons
• * 1.20

  P. 783.
• * 1.21

  Engines to shoot Darts and Arrows.
• † 1.22

  Engines to shoot great Stones. Ant. Ch. 302.
• * 1.23

  Ant. Ch. 302.
• * 1.24

  Ant. Ch. 302.
• * 1.25

  P. 784.
• * 1.26

  Ant. Ch. 302.
• * 1.27

  Standard.
• * 1.28

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Pre〈…〉〈…〉 or Chief Magi∣strate.
• * 1.29

  Ant. Ch. 302.
• * 1.30

  Peace made with the Rho∣dians.
• * 1.31

  Ant. Ch. 302.
• * 1.32

  P. 785.
• * 1.33

  Vid. antea Olymp. 17. 3. how he di'd. Ant. Ch. 302.
• * 1.34

  Agathocles robs the Lipa∣rians.
• * 1.35

  In the Pry∣taneum.
• * 1.36

  Ant. Ch. 302.
• * 1.37

  Olymp. 119. 2. Ant. Ch. 301.
• * 1.38

  Demetrius 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Cities in Greece at Liberty.
• * 1.39

  P. 786.
• * 1.40

  In the Citta∣del.
• * 1.41

  Ant. Ch. 301.
• * 1.42

  Palace.
• * 1.43

  Acro Corin∣tho.
• † 1.44

  Antigonus his Protection, who had as∣sum'd the Title of King, as is said before. Ant. Ch. 301.
• * 1.45

  P. 787.
• * 1.46

  The War be∣tween the Lu∣canians and Tarentines. Ant. Ch. 301. Cleonymus the Spartan.
• * 1.47

  Metapon∣tum.
• * 1.48

  Ant. Ch. 301
• * 1.49

  Olymp. 119. 3. Ant. Ch. 300. Cassander sends to make Peace with An∣tigonus.
• * 1.50

  Antigonus his proud Answer. P. 788.
• * 1.51

  Ant. Ch. 300.
• * 1.52

  Lysimachus goes ••ver into Asia.
• * 1.53

  Antigonus
• * 1.54

  Ant. Ch. 300.
• * 1.55

  Antigonus marches a∣gainst Lysima∣chus. Antigonia.
• * 1.56

  P. 789.
• * 1.57

  Ant. Ch. 300.
• * 1.58

  Ant. Ch. 300.
• * 1.59

  P. 790.
• * 1.60

  Ant. Ch. 300.
• * 1.61

  Demetrius initiated.
• * 1.62

  His Acts in Greece.
• * 1.63

  Cities in Thessaly.
• * 1.64

  Armies of De∣metrius and Cassander.
• * 1.65

  Ant Ch. 300
• * 1.66

  Demetrius makes Peace with Cassan∣der.
• * 1.67

  P. 791. Ant. Ch. 300. Demetrius go••s to his Fa∣ther.
• * 1.68

  Ant. Ch. 300.
• * 1.69

  The Misfortunes of Pleistarchus Cassander's General at Sea.
• * 1.70

  Seleucus. P. 792.