The historical library of Diodorus the Sicilian in fifteen books : the first five contain the antiquities of Egypt, Asia, Africa, Greece, the islands, and Europe : the last ten an historical account of the affairs of the Persians, Grecians, Macedonians and other parts of the world : to which are added the fragments of Diodorus that are found in the Bibliotheca of Photius : together with those publish'd by H. Valesius, L. Rhodomannus, and F. Ursinus / made English by G. Booth ..., Esq.

CHAP. VII.

The Battel at Phaedra between Philomelus and the Locrians. The Parties engag'd in the Phocian War. The Battel between the Boeotians and Phocians. Philomelus kill'd. Onomarchus made General: His Dreams, Successes and Death.

NOW Diotinus executed the Office of Archon at Athens, and Cneius Manlius, and Caius Martius of Consuls at Rome; when Philomelus having a prospect of the Storm * 1.1 of War that was rushing in upon him, hir'd a great number of Soldiers, with whom he join'd the most expert and choicest of the Phocians. But tho' he was in want of Money, yet he still forbore to meddle with the Sacred Treasures; but got sufficient to pay the Mercenaries out of the Estates of the greatest men among the Delphians. When he had rais'd a considerable Army, he march'd into the Field, that all might take notice that he was

ready to fight with any Enemy that appear'd against the Phocians. Upon this the Locrians * 1.2 made out against him, and fought with him at a Place call'd, The Rocks of Phaedra, whom he routed; and kill'd multitudes of them, and took many Prisoners, and forc'd some of them to cast themselves down headlong from the Top of the Rock.

After this Battle, the Phocians grew very high crested upon the account of their pro∣sperous Success. The Misfortune on the other hand, greatly discourag'd the Locrians; they sent therefore an Ambassador to Thebes, to desire them to afford their assistance both to them and the Oracle. The Baeotians both out of their Piety towards the Gods, and for Confirmation of the Decrees of the Amphictyons (wherein they were greatly concern'd) solicited by their Ambassadors, the Thessalians, and others of the Amphictyons to join with them in the War against the Phocians. Upon which (after that the Amphictyons had de∣creed War to be made upon the Phocians) there arose great Uproars and Factions through∣out all Greece. Some were for assisting the Oracle, and for prosecuting the Phocians with Revenge as Sacrilegers; others were for defending them. And while both the Cities and Countries were thus distracted in their Councils, the Baeotians, Locrians, Thessalians, Per∣rhabeans, * 1.3 the Doreans, Delopians, Athamanes, Achaians, Phthiots, Magnesians, Aenianeans, and some others, resolv'd to assist the God. The Athenians and Lacedemonians, and some other of the Peloponnesians, join'd as Confederates with the Phocians. The Lacedemonians, with some others, readily join'd for these Reasons, viz. When the Thebans had overcome them in the Battel at Leuctra, they prosecuted the Spartans in the high Court of the Am∣phictyons, because Phaebidas the Spartan had seiz'd upon Cadmea, and demanded Five hun∣dred * 1.4 Talents in compensation of the Injury; but the Lacedemonians being fin'd so much, and not paying the Mulct impos'd, at the time limited by the Law, the Thebans exhibited a new Complaint against them for the double Injury.

The Lacedemonians therefore being condemn'd by the Amphictyons in a Thousand Ta∣lents, and being much indebted and behind-hand, made use of the same Pretence the Phocians did before, (that is) That the Amphictyons had pronounc'd an unjust Sentence against them. And therefore (though it was for the Publick Good) yet they forbore to undertake the War of themselves upon the Quarrel of the Condemnation; but judg'd that it might carry a better Face, if they could avoid the Decree of the Amphictyons, under the Covert of the Phocians. For these Reasons they were very forward to Patronize their Cause; and in the mean time contriv'd to gain the Tutelary Right of the Temple to them∣selves.

And now upon certain Information, that the Thebans had prepar'd a very great Army against the Phocians, Philomelus resolv'd to strengthen his Forces with more Mercenaries: But in regard more Money was requisite for carrying on of the War, he was necessitated to make use of the * 1.5 Sacred Treasures, and therefore rifl'd the Temple. And because he promis'd half as much more as their ordinary Pay to the Mercenaries, a vast Number of Men flock'd in to him, and for the sake of the Largeness of the Pay, multitudes listed themselves: But no moderate and sober Man gave up his Name to be inroll'd in the Lists of the Army, out of a Pious and Religious respect to the Oracle. In the mean time e∣very base Fellow, that for the sake of Gain valu'd not the Gods a pin, but flock'd eager∣ly to Philomelus: And so in a short time he got together a strong Body of Men, greedy to share in the Sacred Treasures of the Temple. And thus abundance of Wealth was the Means whereby Philomelus presently form'd a compleat Army; and without delay march'd into the Country of Locris, with above Ten thousand Horse and Foot. The Locrians be∣ing * 1.6 join'd with the Baeotians, met him; whereupon there hapned a Fight with the Horse on both sides, in which the Phocians were Conquerors.

Not long after, the Thessalians, with the Assistance of them that border'd upon them, to the Number of Six thousand, march'd into Locris, and engag'd with the Phocians at an Hill call'd Argola, and were worsted. Afterwards the Baeotians coming in to their assistance with Thirteen thousand Men, and the Actaeans out of Peloponnesus, in assistance of the Phocians with Fifteen hundred, both Armies near unto one and the same place, Encamp'd one over against the other. It then happen'd that a great number of the Mercenaries as they were foraging, fell into the Hands of the Baeotians, and all of them being brought before the Walls of the City, they commanded a Proclamation to be made, that those Men who had join'd in Arms with the Sacrilegers, were adjudg'd by the Amphictyons to be put to Death, and it was no sooner said but the thing was executed, and all were run through with Spears and Darts. This so exasperated the Mercenaries of the Phocians, * 1.7 that they earnestly press'd Philomelus that the Enemy might be dealt with in the same kind, and would not suffer him by their restless Importunities to be quiet, and presently they took many of the Enemy, as they were dispers'd in the Fields, and brought them

alive to the General, who deliver'd them up all to the Soldiers to be Darted to Death. * 1.8 By this Retaliation it came to pass, that the Enemy left off this Insulting and Cruel kind of Execution.

Afterwards, both the Armies moving into another part of the Country, and in their march passing through Woods and rough Places, on a sudden, and unexpectedly, the Forelorn-Hopes of both met one another, upon which they at first Skirmish'd, and at length it came to a fierce and bloody Battel, in which the Baeotians over-pow〈…〉〈…〉ing the Phocians in number, totally routed them; and multitudes both of the Phocians and Merce∣naries were slain in the pursuit, by reason of the rough and difficult Passes out of the Woods. Philomelus, in these Streights and Exigencies, behav'd himself with great Cou∣rage and Resolution, and after many Wounds receiv'd, was forc'd to an high Precipice; and seeing no possible way and means how to escape, and fearing the Punishment and Torments Prisoners used to undergo, cast himself down headlong from the Rock; and * 1.9 thus (meeting with the due Reward of his Sacrilege) he ended his days: But his Collegue, Onomarcus, taking upon him the Command of the Army, marched back with those that had escap'd the Slaughter, and receiv'd those that fled as they came stragling in to him.

In the mean time, while these things were doing, Philip of Macedon took Methone, pil∣lag'd it, and laid it equal with the Ground; and forc'd all the Villages and Countries to * 1.10 submit to the Macedonian Yoke.

In Pontus, Leucon, King of Bosphorus, dy'd after he had Reign'd forty years: And Spartacus his Son succeeded him, and Reign'd five years. And in the mean time, the War began between the Romans and the Falisci, in which there was nothing done worth taking notice of, but only harrassing the Country of the Falisci by Incursions.

In Sicily, Dion, the General of the Army, was Murder'd by the Mercenaries of Zacyn∣thus; and Callippus, who instigated them to the Fact, was made Chief Commander in his * 1.11 place, and enjoy'd it for the space of Thirteen Months.

When Eudemus executed the Office of Archon at Athens, and the Romans intrusted the Consular Dignity with Marcus Fabius and Marcus Popilius, the Baeotians, after the Victory * 1.12 gained over the Phocians, return'd with their Forces into their own Country, supposing that Philomelus, the Author and Ring-leader of the Sacrilege (being justly punish'd both by the Gods and Men) by his remarkable End, would deter others from the like piece of Wickedness. But the Phocians having at present some respite from War, went again to Delphos, and calling together a General Council of all their Confederates, they con∣sulted concerning the Renewing of the War. Those that were Lovers of Justice were for Peace; but the Prophane and Impious, and such as minded only their Gain and Ad∣vantage were for War, and us'd their utmost Endeavours to find out some or other that would Patronize their wicked Designs.

Onomarchus therefore, in a premeditated Speech (the chief End of which was to advise them to stick to what they had before resolv'd) stirr'd up the People to renew the War; not so much for the Advancement of the Publick Good, as to promote his own private Advantage. For he had many Mulcts as well as others, impos'd upon him by the Am∣phictyons; which not being able to pay, and therefore judging that War was more desira∣ble than Peace as to his Circumstances, by a plausible Speech he incited the Phocians to persist in what Philomelus had begun. Upon which, being then created General, he in∣forc'd himself with many Foreign Soldiers, and recruited his broken Troops; and ha∣ving * 1.13 augmented his Army with a Multitude of Foreign Mercenaries, he made great pre∣paration to strengthen himself with Confederates, and other things necessary for the car∣rying on the War. And he was the more encourag'd in his Design by a Dream which he had, which did presage (as he thought) his future Greatness and Advancement: In his sleep it appear'd to him as if the Brazen Colossus, Dedicated by the Amphictyons, and standing in the Temple of Apollo, had by his own Hands been * 1.14 made Higher and much * 1.15 Bigger than it was before. Hence he fancy'd, that the Gods portended that he was to become famous in the World for his Martial Exploits. But it fell out quite otherwise, for on the contrary it signify'd, That the Mulct impos'd by the Amphictyons upon the Phoci∣ans, for their Sacrilege and Violating the Treasures of the Temple, would be much En∣larg'd and Advanc'd to a greater Sum by the Hands of Onomarchus; which at length came to pass.

Onomarchus therefore, after he was created General, caus'd a great Number of Arms, both of Iron and Brass to be made; and Coin'd Money both of Gold and Silver, which he sent abroad here and there to the Consederate Cities; especially he sought to gain the Magistrates by these Baits and Largesses.

Moreover he corrupted many of the Enemy, drawing some into the Confederacy, and working upon others to sit still in the mean time. And all this he easily effected, through the Covetousness of those he wrought upon. For by his Bribes he prevailed with the Thessalians, the most considerable of the Confederates on the other side, to stand Neuter. Those among the Phocians that opposed him, he clapt up in Prison, and put them to Death, and expos'd their Goods to publick Sale; He then march'd into the Enemies Country, and took Thronius by Assault, and sold all the Inhabitants for Slaves. The Amphissenians * 1.16 likewise being greatly terrified, he forced to a Submission, and possessed himself also of the Cities of the Doreans, and wasted and spoiled the Country. Thence, he marched into Boeotia, and took Orchomenus, and when he was even ready to sit down before Chaero∣nea, he was worsted by the Thebans, and so returned into his own Country.

About this time Artabazus, who had rebelled against the King, still continued his War * 1.17 with those Lord Lieutenants of the Provinces that were ordered out against him. At the first, while Chares the Athenian General assisted him, he vallantly stood it out against the Enemy. But when he left him, wanting aid, he made his Application to the Thebans for Relief; who thereupon sent Pammenim General with Five thousand Men over into Asia; who joining with Artabazus, routed the Royalists in two great Fights, and there∣by advanced both his own Reputation, and the Glory and Honour of his Country. For it was the Admiration of all Men, That the Boeotians, at the very time when they were deserted by the Thessalians, and in eminent Danger by the Phocian War, which then threaten'd them, should transport Forces into Asia, and be Conquerors in all their Engagements.

In the mean time a War broke out between the Argives and the Lacedemonians, who * 1.18 beat the other at Orneas, and took the Town, and then returned to Sparta. Chares likewise, the Athenian General, with his Fleet entred the Hellespont, and took Sestos, the most considerable Town upon that Coast, and put all the young Men that were able to bear Arms, to the Sword, and carried away, the rest as Slaves.

About the same time, Cersobleptes the Brother of Cotys, Enemy to Philip, but in League with the Athenians, delivered up all the Cities in Chersonesus, (except Cardia) to the Athe∣nians, who sent Colonies thither to inhabit the Towns, which were to be divided amongst them by Lot.

Philip therefore discerning that the * 1.19 Methoneans designed to deliver up their City, (which was of great moment in the War) to his Enemy, laid close Siege to it, which the Citizens defended for some time; but being too weak to cope with him, they were forced to surrender it upon these Conditions, That all the Citizens should depart out of Methon with all their Clothes.

Being possess'd of the Place, he raz'd the City to the Ground, and divided the Terri∣tory among the Macedonians. During this Siege, Philip lost one of his Eyes by the stroke of a Dart.

Afterwards being sent unto by the Thessalians, he marched with his Army into Thessaly. And in the first place, in Aid of the Thessalians, he fought with Lycophron, Tyrant of Pheraea.

Lycophron then made Application to the Phocians for Assistance, who thereupon sent to * 1.20 him Phayllus, the Brother of Onomarchus, with Seven thousand Men: But Philip routed the Troops of the Phocians, and drave them out of Thessaly. Upon which, Onomarchus thinking to be Lord of all Thessaly, came to the Assistance of Lycophron with his whole Army.

Philip opposed him, both with his own and the Forces of the Thessalians, but Onamar∣chus * 1.21 overpowering him by Number, routed him in two several Battels, and killed many of the Macedonians; in so much as Philip was brought into very great Streights.

His Soldiers were hereupon so dejected, that they were ready to desert him; but with much ado, and many Perswasions, he at length brought them over to a due Obedience, * 1.22 and within a short time after returned into Macedonia. But Onomarchus made an Expedi∣tion into Boeotia, and fought and routed the Boeotians, and possessed himself of Co∣ronea.

In the mean time Philip marches again with his Army out of Macedon into Thessaly, and incamps against Lycophron the Tyrant of Pherea, who being too weak for him, sent for Aid to the Phocians, promising to use his utmost Endeavour to order and dispose of all Things throughout Thessaly for their Advantage. Whereupon Onomarchus came to his Assi∣stance by Land with above Twenty thousand Foot and Five hundred Horse.

Philip having persuaded the Thessalians to join with him, raised above Twenty thousand Foot and Three thousand Horse.

Forthwith a bloody Battel was fought, in which Philip by the Advantage and Valour * 1.23 of the Thessalian▪ Horse got the Day, and Onomarchus and his Men ••••ed towards the Sea.

It happened that Chares the Athenian Admiral passed by with a great Navy, at the same instant as a cruel Slaughter was made among the Phocians, and therefore those that fled cast away their Arms, and endeavoured to swim to the Galleys, amongst whom was Onomarchus.

In conclusion, there were slain of the Phocians and Mercenaries above Six thousand, amongst whom was the General himself; and there were taken Prisoners no less than Three thousand.

Philip * 1.24 hanged Onomarchus, and the rest as Sacrilegers he caused to be thrown into * 1.25 the Sea.

Onomarchus thus coming to his End, Phayllus his Brother was created General of the Phocians: And he, to repair the Damage sustained, raised great Numbers of Foreign Mercenaries, doubling the former and usual Pay, and further strengthened himself with Addition of his Confederates; he made likewise a great Number of Arms, and coined both Gold and Silver.

About the same time Mausolus, a Petty King of Caria, died, after he had reigned * 1.26 Four and twenty Years. To whom succeeded Artemesia, (who was both his Sister and Wife,) for the space of Two Years.

At that time likewise Clearchus, Tyrant of Heraclea, when he was going to the Feasts of Bacchus, was Assassinated, in the Twelfth Year of his Reign. Timotheus, his Son, suc∣ceeded him, and reigned Fifteen Years.

In the mean time the Thuscans, at War with the Romans, harrass'd and wasted a great part of their Enemies Territory, making Incursions as far as to the River Tiber, and then returned to their own Country.

The Friends of Dion raised a Sedition at Syracuse against Callippus, but being dispersed and worsted, they fled to the Leontines. Not long after, Hipparinus the Brother of Dio∣nysius arrived with a Navy at Syracuse, and fought with Callipppus and beat him; upon which he was driven out of the City, and Hipparinus recovered his Father's Kingdom, and enjoyed it Two Years.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Olymp. 106. 3. Ant. Ch. 352. An. M. 3596.
• * 1.2

  The Battel at the Rocks of Phaedra. See the Story in Ovid. Epist. Phaedra to Hippolytus.
• * 1.3

  The Parties in the Phocian War.
• * 1.4

  Ant. Ch. 352.
• * 1.5

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Gifts Consecra∣ted.
• * 1.6

  A Battel be∣tween the Lo∣crians and Phocians, with Horse only.
• * 1.7

  The Phocians darted to Death by the B〈…〉〈…〉ti∣ans.
• * 1.8

  The like done by the Phocians to the Baeoti∣ans.
• * 1.9

  The Death of Philomelus.
• * 1.10

  Philip raises Methone.
• * 1.11

  Dion slain. Ant. Ch. 352.
• * 1.12

  Olymp. 106. 4. Ant. Ch. 351. An. M. 3597.
• * 1.13

  Onomarchus made General of the Phoci∣ans. Vid. Ju∣stin. Lib. 8. Ant. Ch. 351.
• * 1.14

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, Been made a∣new.
• * 1.15

  Onomarchus his Dream.
• * 1.16

  Ant. Ch. 351.
• * 1.17

  The Boeotians help Artaba∣zus, and beat the King of Persia's Forces.
• * 1.18

  War between the Argives and Lacede∣monians. Chares takes Sestos, and puts many to the Sword. Ant. Ch. 351.
• * 1.19

  In Thrace. Methon in Thrace raz'd by Philip.
• * 1.20

  Lycophron Tyrant of Phe∣roea.
• * 1.21

  Onomarchus routs Philip in two Battels.
• * 1.22

  Ant. Ch. 351.
• * 1.23

  Philip routs Onomarchus.
• * 1.24

  Crucified, p. 75.
• * 1.25

  The Death of Onomarchus.
• * 1.26

  Mausolus dies, after he had reigned Four and twenty Years. Clearchus as∣sassinated.