The historical library of Diodorus the Sicilian in fifteen books : the first five contain the antiquities of Egypt, Asia, Africa, Greece, the islands, and Europe : the last ten an historical account of the affairs of the Persians, Grecians, Macedonians and other parts of the world : to which are added the fragments of Diodorus that are found in the Bibliotheca of Photius : together with those publish'd by H. Valesius, L. Rhodomannus, and F. Ursinus / made English by G. Booth ..., Esq.

CHAP. IX.

Theremenes and Alcibiades return to Athens; are admir'd by the People. Lysander made General by the Lacedemonians. Antiochus, one of the Athenian Generals, beaten at Ephesus, in a Sea-Fight. Agis surprizes part of the Walls of Athens; but was beaten off. Alcibiades accus'd for Assaulting Cuma, a Confederate City. Conon made Admiral in his place.

AFTER the End of the Year, Euctemones was made Archon of Athens, and * 1.1 the Romans constituted Marcus Papyrius, and Spurius Nautius Consuls. Then was celebrated the Ninety-third Olympiad, in which Eubatus of Cyrene got the * 1.2 Victory. At this time the Athenian Generals (now possess'd of Byzantium) gain'd * 1.3 all the Cities of the Hellespont, except Abydus. Then they left Diodorus and Man∣titheus, with sufficient Forces, Governours in the Hellespont; and they themselves (after they had perform'd many Famous Exploits, for the Honour and Safety of their Country) return'd with the Fleet, loaden with Spoils to Athens. When they drew near, all the People throng'd out with great Joy to meet them, and a great number of Strangers, both Women and Children ran together into the Pyreum; the Arrival of the Generals filling all Persons with Admiration. For they brought along with them no less than two hundred Ships, which they had taken, and a multitude of Prisoners, with much Spoil; and their own Ships were gloriously adorn'd with Arms, Rich Spoils, and Golden Crowns, and such like. Every Body throng'd one upon another to see Alcibiades, so as the City was even left without an Inhabitant, whilst both Bond and Free long'd to have a View of Him. For he was so highly Admir'd at that time, that none of the * 1.4 former Athenians were judg'd comparable to this Man, who so openly and con∣fidently had stood it out against the People. They who were Poor, and under Mulcts and Fines, now hop'd they had an Excellent Advocate, who by raising Tumults and Disturbances in the City, could free them from their Penuries and pressing Necessities. He was a Man daring above all others, and an Excellent Speaker: In times of War a Brave Souldier, and as Skilful a Commander; ready * 1.5 in undertaking any Desperate Enterprize, of a very Comly and Bautiful Counte∣nance, of a Noble Spirit, and Aspiring Mind. All were so fill'd with Expecta∣tion from him, that they concluded his Return, and the Prosperity of the City, * 1.6 were coupl'd together. For, as the Lacedemoniuns were Successful and Victorious whilst he Assisted them, so they hop'd that by his Return, their Affairs would change to the Better.

As soon as the Fleet entred into the Harbour, all Eyes were fix'd upon Alci∣biades's Ship; and upon his Landing, they receiv'd him with great Acclama∣tions, and Congratulated his Return and Victories. After he had with all Cour∣teous Behaviour Saluted the People, he call'd an * 1.7 Assembly, where having made a long Defeence for the Clearing of his Innocency, he so insinuated himself into the Good-will of the People, that all cast the Blame of the † 1.8 Dooms and Judg∣ments against him upon the City it self: And therefore they restor'd all his Estate, not long before Consiscated, and threw the Records of his Condemna∣tion into the Sea; and Revers'd all other things that were Decreed against him: And a Decree was made, That the * 1.9 Eumolpides should take away, and absolve him from that Curse they had pronounc'd against him, when he was suppos'd to have been guilty of Prophaning the Sacred Mysteries. At last they made him Ge∣neral, and gave him full Power, both by Sea and Land; and committed all their Forces to his Command; upon which he Constituted. other Generals, as he thought fit: That is to say, Adimantus and Thrasybulus; and He Himself, with an Hundred Sail, pass'd over to Andros, and there possess'd Himself of the Fort * 1.10 Gaurium, and took it in with a Wall. But the Andrians, with the whole Strenth of the City, and the Succours, sent to them from Peloponesus, sally'd out against them, whereupon a sharp Engagement follow'd, in which the Athenians were Conquerors; a great part of them that came out of the Town, being cum off. Of those that escap'd, some were scatter'd abroad in the Fields, others got within the Walls. After he had several times attempted to take the City by Assault, and saw he could not he prevail, left a sufficient Garrison in the Fort (by him

before fortify'd) under the Command of Thrasybulus, and he Himself sail'd away with the rest of the Army, and wasted and spoil'd, Coos, and Rhodes, and there got a great deal of provision for his Souldiers. As for the Lacedemonians, although they had lost most of their Fleet, and the Command of the Sea, to∣gether with their General Mindarus; yet they were not discourag'd, but created Lysander Admiral of their Navy; a most Expert Souldier, Bold and Daring, * 1.11 and ready to undertake any thing, through all Hazards whatsoever. As soon as he enter'd upon his Command, he rais'd no small number of Souldiers, throughout all Pelopenesus, and furnish'd the Eleet with Seamen, as well as in the present Circum∣stances he was able; and presently arriving at Rhodes, he got together as many Ships from thence and the rest of the Towns, as he could, and then sail'd away with what Ships hehad, to Ephesus and Miletus; where being further supply'd from these Ci∣ties, and with others from Chios, he set forth from Ephesus with a Fleet of Seven∣ty Sail. But when he understood that Cyrus; the Son of Darius, was sent from his Father, with Orders to assist the Lacedemonians in the War, he made a * 1.12 Journy to him to Sardis; and after several Arguments made to encourage the Young Man, to prosecute the War against the Athenians, he forthwith receiv'd from him Ten thousand * 1.13 Daricans for Pay of his Souldiers, with Command from Cyrus to proceed, without doubting his Assistance; for that he was commanded by his Father to spare no Costs for the Supply of the Lacedemonians, in what∣soever they should undertake.

From thence he return'd to Ephesus, and sent for the Principal Men of every Neighbouring Town; and having enter'd into a League and Confederacy with them, promis'd if the War succeeded, he would make every one of them a Prince in his own City. Upon this each strove to exceed another, and sup∣ply'd him with more than was requir'd; in so much as they abundantly furnish'd Lysander with all things † 1.14 Necessary for the War, sooner than could in reason be imagin'd.

When Alcibiades understood that Lysander was preparing a Fleet at Ephe∣sus, he made away with his whole Navy thither; where he enter'd the Port without Opposition, and Anchor'd with many of his Vessels near Notium, and gave the Command to Antiochus, the Captain of his own Vessel, with strict Charge not to Fight till he return'd. In the mean time, He Himself sail'd with several Men of War to Clazomenes; which City (yet standing firm to the Athe∣nians) was greatly oppress'd by the Devastations made by some Exiles. But An∣tiochus, naturally Rash and Hasty, earnestly desirous to perform something Re∣markable by his own Contrivance, without any Regard to the Command of Al∣cibiades, Mans Ten of the Best Gallies, and Commands the Captains and Officers of the Fleet, to be ready and prepar'd, with the rest of the Ships, to fall in where there should be Occasion: Upon this he makes up to the Enemy, and dares 'em to Battle. Lysander, being inform'd by some Deserters, that Alcibia∣des, * 1.15 with the Best of the Men of War, were gone off, now conceiv'd he had a sit Opportunity put into his Hands, to do something worthy of the Spartan Name: In Order thereunto, he makes forth the whole Fleet against Antiochus; and one of the Ten (which sail'd before the rest, and in which Antiochus was) he presently sinks, and puts all the rest to Flight, and pursues them till the Athenian Officers * 1.16 in the other Vessels, in great Confusion, came up to their Assistance. And now the Fleets on both sides were wholly engag'd, not far off from the Land: In short, the Athenians (by reason of the Disorder they were in) were beaten, with the Loss of two and twenty of their Ships. Some few of the Men were taken, but the rest swam to Shore. As soon as Alcibiades heard of the Defeat, he sail'd back with all Speed to Notium; and having sufficiently Man'd, and Refitted his Gallies, he sail'd into the Enemies Port; but Lysander, not daring to Engage, it was determin'd to sail away for Samos.

While these things were done, Thrasybulus the Athenian General, with fifteen Gallies came up to ‖ 1.17 Thasus, where he routed the Citizens, and kill'd about two hundred of them; and then so straitly besieg'd them, that at length they were inforc'd to receive again those that favour'd the Athenians, into the City, and to take in a Garrison, and renew their Confederacy with the Athenians. Thence * 1.18 he sail'd to Abdera, the most Potent City of Thrace, and brought them over to the Athenians. These were the things done by the Athenian Generals from the time they left Athens.

About this time Agis, the Lacedemonian King, lay incamp'd with his Army * 1.19 at Deoelea; where having Intelligence, that the Flower and Strength of the Athe∣nians were gone away with Alcibiades, he march'd up to Athens silently in a dark Night, having with him eight and twenty thousand Foot, half of which were Old Souldiers, very well arm'd; the other half were but Raw, and * 1.20 Lightly Arm'd: Besides these, there follow'd him twelve hundred Horse, nine of which were Beotians, and the rest from Peloponesus. He was not discern'd by the Watch, till he was close at hand; and so fell upon them unawares, and slew some, and forc'd the rest within the Walls. Hereupon the Athenians, both Young and Old, were commanded generally to betake themselves to Arms, to oppose the Ene∣my; upon which, the Walls round the City were presently fill'd with them that ran thither from all Quarters. As soon as it was Light, and the Athenian Commanders saw the Army of the Enemy drawn up † 1.21 into a Body, four in Depth, and eight Furlongs or Stages in Front; they were at first not little terrify'd, especially two parts of the Walls being now possess'd by the Enemy.

But after some time, they sent out a Body of Horse, equal in number to the Lacedemonians: Upon which the Horse on both sides engag'd, in the face of them upon the Walls: and the Contest was sharp for a considerable time: For the * 1.22 Foot drawn up, as is said before, were as yet five Stages from the Walls; and the Horse fought close under them. On the one side the Beotians, who had for∣merly routed the Athenians at Delium, look'd upon it as a Dishonourable thing, to be worsted by them, whom they had before Conquer'd. On the other, the Athe∣nians in regard they were known by all them upon the Walls, who were then Eye-witnesses either of their Valour, or Cowardize, resolv'd, through all diffi∣culties whatsoever, to be Conquerours: Accordingly at length they routed the Lacedemonians, and made a great Slaughter, and pursu'd those that fled, even close up to the Body of their Foot; who making up to them, the Horse re∣turn'd into the City. Hereupon Agis (not conceiving it now a fit time to be∣siege the City) incamp'd in ‖ 1.23 Academia. The next Day, when the Athenians erected a Trophy, he drew out his Army in Battalia, and Challeng'd them to Battel. Upon which the Athenians march'd out, and drew up in a Body under * 1.24 the Walls. The Lacedemonians gave the Onset; but by reason of the showers of Darts, wherewith they were gall'd from the Walls, they were forc'd to draw off from the City. And, after great Devastations made in the rest of Attica, they return'd to Peloponesus.

As for Alcibiades, he sails with his whole Fleet, from Samos to Cuma, where * 1.25 under colour and pretence of feign'd Crimes, lay'd to the Charge of the Inha∣bitants, he wasts and spoils the Country. And at the first takes a great multi∣tude of Prisoners, and forces them away to his Ships; but the Cumeans, with the whole Power of the City, made out against him, for the Defence and Rescue of their Country-men: Alcibiades for a while bore the Brunt, but being over∣come by fresh Supplies, both out of the City, and from the Country, the Army was forc'd to fly to their Ships, and leave their Captives behind them.

Alcibiades, being much troubled to be thus baffled, sent for the Regiments from Mitylene, and drew up his Army against the City, challenging the Cumeans to a Battle. But none coming, forth, after many Devastations, he return'd to Mi∣tylene: But the Cumeans sent to Athens, and put in their Bill against Alcibiades, in form of Law, for that he had wasted and spoiled, a Confederated City and * 1.26 Country, which had not in the least done them any Injury; and many other Ac∣cusations they brought against him: For some of the Garrison in Samos (bearing him a Grudge) pass'd over to Athens, and accus'd him in the Publick Assembly, that he was a secret Friend to the Lacedemonians, and kept a close and intimate Correspondence with Pharnabasus, for this very purpose; that when the War was ended, he might gain the Sovereignty of Athens. These Calumnies being easily credited by the Common People, the Glory of Alcibiades began to wain; and the rather by reason of his late Ill-success at Sea, and his Miscarriages at Cuma.

Henceforward the People of Athens began to be jealous of Alcibiades, and created ten other Commanders, Conon, Lysanias, Diomedon, Pericles, Erasmides, Aristo∣crates, * 1.27 Archestratus, Protomachus, Thrasybulus, and Aristogenes. From among these they chose out Conon to be Admiral; and forthwith sent him to Alcibiades, to demand the Fleet from him, who gave up his Charge accordingly; but not daring to return to Athens, sail'd only with one Ship to Padyen in Thrace. For, besides the Rage

of the Common People, he was afraid many Crimes would be laid to his charge; many (now he lay under the hatches) contriving how to load him with Accusa∣tions, and to upbraid him with his former Faults; the greatest of which was that concerning the Horses, for which there was set upon him a Mulct of * 1.28 Fifty Talents. For when Diomedes his Friend, lent him a Chariot with four Horses, to go along with him, to Olympia, when he subscrib'd his Name (as the Custom was) he affirm'd the Horses to be his own; and when he was Victor by that Chariot and Horses, he not only carry'd away the Glory, but detain'd the Horses from him that so friendly and kindly repos'd a Trust in him. Revolving there∣fore all these things in his Mind, he was afraid the Athenians, now they had an Ad∣vantage * 1.29 against him, would rip up all his former Miscarriages, and lay the greater load upon him. Therefore he banish'd himself.

Notes

• * 1.1

  Olymp. 93. 1.
• * 1.2

  An. M. 3564.
• * 1.3

  Ant. Chr. 405.
• * 1.4

  Alcibiades receiv'd with great Ap∣plause at A∣thens.
• * 1.5

  His Descri∣ption.
• * 1.6

  Ant. Chr. 405.
• * 1.7

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• † 1.8

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. P. 368.
• * 1.9

  Certain Priests of A∣thens.
• * 1.10

  Alcibiades invades An∣dros.
• * 1.11

  Lysander the Lacedemonian General.
• * 1.12

  Darius sends his Son Cyrus to assist the Lacedemo∣nians.
• * 1.13

  Fifteen Sh. apiece Gold.
• † 1.14

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉. Alcibiades sails to Ephe∣sus.
• * 1.15

  Ant. Ch. 405. P. 369.
• * 1.16

  The Athe∣nian Fleet routed at E∣phesus.
• ‖ 1.17

  Thasus, an Island in the Aegean Sea.
• * 1.18

  Ant. Chr. 405.
• * 1.19

  Agis the La∣cedemonian King near surprizing of Athens.
• * 1.20

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• † 1.21

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.22

  Ant. Chr. 405. A Fight by Horse under the Walls of Athens.
• ‖ 1.23

  A Place near the City.
• * 1.24

  P. 370.
• * 1.25

  Ant. Ch. 405. Alcibiades un∣justly wastes Cuma.
• * 1.26

  Alcibiades ac∣cus'd at A∣thens by the Cumeans.
• * 1.27

  Conon made Admiral. Ant. Ch. 405. Alcibiades lost his Commis∣sion.
• * 1.28

  〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, but in the Margent 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉.
• * 1.29

  Alcibiades avoids Athens.