The anatomy of human bodies, comprehending the most modern discoveries and curiosities in that art to which is added a particular treatise of the small-pox & measles : together with several practical observations and experienced cures ... / written in Latin by Ijsbrand de Diemerbroeck ... ; translated from the last and most correct and full edition of the same, by William Salmon ...

THE CURES OF THE Chief Diseases Of the whole CHEST. WITH TEN CASES OF THE PATIENTS.

HISTORY. I. Of the Pleurisie.

A Young Gentleman of twenty four Years of Age, having over∣heated himself in the Tennis-Court, and being very dry, drank a large Draught of cold Ale. Upon this he felt a Pain in the left side of his Chest, which within half an hour grew so acute, that through the trouble and the intolerable Pain, he could hardly breath. At the same time he had a strong Fever and a dry Cough, which very much exasperated the Pain. But neither his Faintness nor his Thirst was very great.

I. VArious Parts were affected in this Patient, the Pleura Membrane, the Muscles of the Misopleuron, and the Heart, and consequently the whole Body.

II. The Diseases called the Pleurisie, which is an Inflammation of the Pleura Membrane, and the Muscles of the Mesopleuron, accompanied with a Prick∣ing Pain in the Side, difficulty of Breath∣ing and a continued Fever.

III. That it is a Disease appears by the pricking Pain, difficulty of Breathing and the continued Fever▪ that it is no

Inflammation of the Lungs, the prick∣ing Pain declares, which never is felt in that Distemper. That it is no Tumor, Inflammation or other Pain in the Spleen, appears from the sharpness of the Pain above the Diaphragma toward the Arm-pits, and the difficulty of Breathing.

IV. The anteceding Cause was the great quantity of Blood in the Body. The Original Causes, vehement Ex∣ercises, and pouring down cold Ale just after it. The containing Cause is the over-large quantity of Blood contained in the Pleura Membrane and the Meso∣pleuron Muscles, inflamed and corrupt∣ed.

V. The whole Body was over-heated by Exercise, whence a strong and swift Pul•…•…e of the Heart, which attenuating the Blood, forced it in great quantity to all the Parts, which so long as it had a free return through the Veins, never occa∣sioned any trouble. But being thicken∣ed by the cold Ale in the Veins of the Left side of the Pleura, and the Veins themselves thereby contracted, it came to pass that more past through the Ar∣teries then could circulate through the Veins, which caused that accumula∣tion of Blood that bred that Tumor in the Pleura: and because the Blood that flows from the Heart, has its own heat, thence, with the increase of the Blood the heat encreased, and thence the In∣flammation, which caused the Putre∣faction, Part of which putrifying Blood being carried through the Intercostal Veins to the hollow Vein, and so to the Heart, caused the continued Fever, which however is only Symtomatical, as only arising from the Putrifaction of the Inflamed Part, poured fourth into the larger Vessels.

VI. Now in regard the Ribs must be dilated in Respiration; but by rea∣son of the Tumid Inflammation, of the distention of the Pleura Mem∣brane and Mesopleuron Muscles, they can hardly be dilated, thence difficulty of Breathing, which is the more trouble∣some, because the Pleura, being ended with a most acute Sense can endure no farther distention. So that the Patient to avoid the Pain breaths slowly, which not being enough to cool the Lungs, causes a Drought of the Chaps and Mouth.

VII. Sharp Vapors exhaling from the inflamed Part, infest the neighbouring Lungs, and by their vellicating the Aspera, Arteria cause a dry Cough.

VIII. This Disease is dangerous in regard the Heart is affected, and Respi∣ration is impeded: besides the fear of an Imposthume in the Breast.

IX. In the prosecution of the Cure, Blood-letting is first to be done in both Arms, and the Patient must bleed free∣ly. And if the first bleeding do not relieve the Patient, it is to be again repeated within an hour or two, after a third time if need require, with regard to the strength of the Patient: though a small debilitation is not to be fear∣ed.

X. In the mean time his Belly must be mov'd with a Glister.

℞. Emollient Decoction ℥ x. Elect. Dia∣catholicon, Diaprunum, Solutive▪ an. ℥. j. Salt ʒ j.

Or else infuse two drams of Rubarb in Barley-water, and give him to drink, the streining with one ounce of Syrup of Succory with Rubarb, or Solutive Ro∣satum. Stronger Purges must be a∣voided.

XI. He may also three or four times aday drink a draught of this Apo∣zem.

℞. Cleansed Barley, Roots of Asparagus, Grass an. ℥ j. Licor•…•…ce sliced ℥ s. Venus∣hair, Borage, Lettice, Endive, Violet∣leaves an. M. j. Flowers of Wild-Pop∣py, Violets an. P. ij. Four great Colder Seeds an. ʒ j. s. Blew Currans ℥ j. Water q. s. Make an Apozem of lb j. s. with which mix Syrup of Poppy Rheas and Violets an. ℥ j.

To allay the Cough let him take this Looch.

℞. Syrup of Wild-Poppy, of Venus-hair, of Violets an. ℥ j. Mix them for a Looch.

To allay the Pain, and to attenuate; discuss and Concoct the Blood collected in the affected Part, Foment the Re∣gion of the affected Part, with this Fo∣mentation.

℞. Mallows Althea, Colewort, Chervile, Beats, Violet-leaves, Flowers of Camomil, Elder and Dill an. M. j. Water q. s. Make a Decoction to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 i j. For a Fomenta∣tion.

Of the same may be composed a Ca∣taplasm, by adding Meal of Lin-seed and Barley, Oyl of Almonds and new Butter.

XIV. Let him keep a Temperate Diet, and of easie digestion, Cream of Ptisan, Chicken-broths prepared with Endive and Lettice, or else let him take some such Amygdalate.

℞. Sweet Almons blanched ℥ ij. Four great Colder Seeds, White Poppy Seed an. ʒj s. Decoction of Barley q. s. Make an Emulsion of lb j. with Sugar q. s. to sweeten it gently.

His ordinary Drink must be Ptsan: or small Ale, but not Sowre, or such a Ju∣lep.

℞. Decoction of Barley lb j. Syrup of Wild Poppy and Violets an. ℥ j. Mixt them for a Iulep.

Let him sleep long, if possible, and use no Exercise.

HISTORY II. Of an Empyema.

A Person about forty Years of Age, being seized with a terrible Pleurisie in his left side, and not having any Remedies applied to him before the third day, found little ease, so that the Distemper continued till after the fourteenth day, being accompany'd with a Fever and other bad Symptoms; from that time forward he felt his Pain and his Fever much abated, only a ponderous heaviness troubled him about the Ribs in the side affected. About the twentieth day the Fever still continuing, though very slight, he felt a troublesome Ponderosity, with a little Pain, upon his Diaphregma, chiefly on the left side; and if he turned from one side to the other of a suddain, he felt a certain Humor to flow down, the Fluctuation of which was manifestly to be heard in the motion of his Body forward. He had also a dry Cough, but spit little or nothing; he could hardly fetch his breath, especially if he lay upon his right side, he was faint and weak, easily and often sweat: he loathed Victuals, and de∣sired rather Drink then Meat.

I THis Man was afflicted with an Em∣pyema, which is a Collection of Corruption in the Cavity of his Breast.

II. This Disease is known by the Signs preceding and present. The pre∣ceding Signs are the Pleurisie it self. Then the Pain and Fever ceasing with any manifest Evacuation by Spittle; whence that heaviness about the Ribs in the side affected. The present Signs are, the heaviness upon the Diaphregma: the fluctuation of the Humor upon Mo∣tion of the Body: and a Cough to no purpose, with faintness, weakness, diffi∣culty of Breathing, and loathing of Vi∣ctuals.

III. The Matter was not Evacuated by Spittle. 1. because the Lungs of this Patient did not stick close to the place affected. 2. Because the Matter in the Cavity of the Breast, could not enter the Lungs through the Pores of the Membrane investing the Lungs. 3. Be∣cause perhaps the Pores of this Mans Lungs were so narrow, as not to admit such sort of thicker Humors.

IV. The Pain and Fever abated, be∣cause the sharp matter, of the Inflam∣mation was turned to Matter, and so rendred more gentle. The quantity of which Matter contained within the Membrane, troubled the Ribs of the af∣fected side, with its Ponderosity. But upon breaking the Aposthume about the twen∣ty fifth day, the Matter flowing into the Cavity of the Breast, molested the Dia∣phragma, with its weight, and the Flu∣ctuation of it was easily perceived in the Motion of the Body. For the weight hindred the depressed Diaphragma from moving freely, which caused the Pain in Breathing; especially if he lay upon his right side, for that besides the Diaphragma, the right Lobe of the Lungs is compressed by the weight of the Matter lying upon the Mediasti∣num.

V. The slight Cough proceeds from the Vellication of the exterior Tunicle of the Lungs, caused by the Acrimony of the Corruption. But nothing is spit forth because the Matter touches only the out∣side

of the Lungs, but never enters the Aspera Arteria.

VI. The Patient is faint by reason of Respiration hindred; and weak, as having been weakned by the acute pre∣ceding Disease. And the Stomach and Liver being weakened by the same Cause, thence debility of Concoction and loss of Appetite; and loathing of Meat; but drink is still desired, to quench the drought of the Fever.

VII. This is a dangerous Distemper, 1. Because Respiration is damnified. 2. Because it follows an acute Disease, that has much wasted the Body already. 3. By reason of the Difficulty to Eva∣cuate the Matter out of the Breast. 4. Be∣cause if the Matter stay but a short time, it will putrifie and corrupt the Lungs. 5. Physic is uncertain; 6. Chyrurgery dangerous.

VIII. Therefore after a gentle Evacua∣tion of the Belly, Expectorating Me∣dicaments are to be made use of; to try if the Matter may be drawn away that way.

IX. To which purpose let him take this Apozem.

℞. Roots of Elecampane ℥ j. Florence Orrice ʒ ij. Licorice shav'd ℥ s. Hyssop, white Hore-hound, Venus-hair, Violet∣leaves an. M. j. red Cabbage M. ij. Anise-seed ʒ ij. Four greater cold Seeds an. ʒ j. s. Raisins cleansed ℥ iij. Water q. s. Make an. Apozem of lb j. s. To which add Syrup of Horehound, Hyssop, Oxy∣mel an. ℥ j.

Let him take three or four Doses in a day. Now and then also let him take a lick of the following Looch.

℞. Syrup of Horehound, Hyssop, Iujubes, an. ℥ j. Saffron Pulverized ℈ j. Mix them for a Looch.

Turpentine also reduced to a Cream with White of an Egg in Barley Water, and sweetned with Sugar, may be very pro∣per in this Case. For though these Medicaments be hot, yet the Fever be∣ing small, there is more regard to be had to the Cause, which being taken away the Fever will soon go off.

X. If these or such like Medica∣ments, will not bring away the Matter in a Fortnight, there is no more to be expected from Physic: So that the last Remedy must be the Chyrur∣geons hand.

XI. To that purpose the Chest is to be cut through, as far as the inner Ca∣vity with a sharp Pen-knife, under the Arm-pit, between the fifth and sixth Rib, so as not to hurt the Intercostal Vein, Nerve or Artery, nor must the hole be very large, but such as will ad∣mit a Silver hollow Pipe, which is pre∣sently to be put in after the Incision, and so to be fastened that it may not fall out of it self. The fore-part also is to be stopt; So that the Matter may not flow out, without the Chyrurgeons leave. Through this Pipe twice a day, half a Pint or a Pint of Matter more or less, is to be let out according to the quanti∣ty of the Matter, and the ability of the Patient to endure, and then the Pipe is to be stopped again.

XII. When no more Matter flows forth, the Lung and inner Cavity is sometimes to be washed with this mix∣ture syring'd into the wound.

℞. Decoction of Barley ℥ v. Spirit of Wine ℥ iiij. Hony of Roses, Syrup of Horehound an. ℥ j. Mix them for an Injection, to stay within for some hours, and then to be drawn •…•…ut again through the Pipe.

XIII. If the continual Efflux of Mat∣ter shews that the Ulcer within is not healed, abstergent and vulnerary De∣coctions must be used, and Injections moderately drying and abstergent. And the Pipe is to be kept in the Wound, till no more Matter flow forth, and then to be taken out and the wound to be closed.

XIV. The Patients Diet must be at∣tenuating and abstergent, as Meats con∣dited with Chervil, Hyssop, red Cab∣bage, Beets, Fennel, Almonds, Raisins. His Drink sweetned with Sugar or Hony, or Hydromel. Moderate Sleep, and a soluble Body: and let him be sure to avoid Passion and Anger.

HISTORY. III. Of a Cough.

A Merchant in the prime of his Years, taking no care of his Diet, and many times traveling in cold and hot, in fair and fowl Weather, and many times ill fortified against the external Air, the last Autum began to be troubled with a Pose, and toward Win∣ter with a terrible Cough that lasted all the Winter long. Many times his Cough was extreamly violent, especially toward the Evening, for an hour together, at what time he brought up a great quantity of tough and viscous Slime, which sometimes tasted saltish; he Cought very much after Meals, insomuch that through the violent Agi∣tation of his Stomach he brought up all he had eaten, with a great Pain in his Breast and Abdomen. After Vomiting his Cough ceased; he never spit Blood; he had no Fever, however his Body fell away, and his strength wasted, yet not so, but that he still went a∣broad about his business. Somtimes he was very Loose. His Appe∣tite held indifferent good, and he slept moderately well.

I. THE Lungs of this Person were chiefly affected, then the Sto∣mach and several other Parts of the Body suffered under the violent Agita∣tion of the Cough.

II. This Malady is called Tusis or a Cough, which is a violent forcing of the Breath, caused by a swift Contraction of the Breast and Lungs, whereby what is troublesome to the Instruments of Breath∣ing is expelled by 〈◊〉〈◊〉 force of thein-breath'd Air.

III. This Malady needs no signs to discover it.

IV. The anteceding Cause of this Distempet is a Cold and Flegmatic dis∣position of the Air contracted by bad Diet. The Original Cause was Heats and Colds, violent and unseasonable Exercise. The containing Cause is Flegm in the Lungs, either by Deflu∣ction or Collection, partly twiching them with its Acrimony, partly obstru∣cting the Bronchia with its great quan∣tity.

V. Cold Diet and of hard digestion bred Crudities and many saltish Hu∣mors, which for want of Concoction became Acrimonious. The Brain was refrigerated by the cold •…•…empestous Weather, and the Pores of the out∣ward Head obstructed, so that the Fleg∣matic serous Vapors ascending from the lower Parts, soon condensed in the Ven∣tricles of the refrigerated Brain, which not being able to pass through the ob∣structed Pores, caused first a Pose. After∣wards the fiercer Cold of Winter encrea∣sing the quantity of those Humors, they being debarr'd their usual Passages, by reason of their thickness, fell upon the Aspera Arteria and Gristles of the Lungs, and hinder Rispiration: and the Acrimony of those Humors farther molesting the Pellicle of the Aspera Arteria and Bron•…•…hia, enforces those Parts to a violent Exclusion of the provoking Humors.

VI. This Cough had lasted long for want of care of Diet, and taking Reme∣dies; whence a frequent defluxion of Catarhs to the Breast, the Cold of which in time much refrigerated and weakned the Lungs, so that Vapors rising from the lower Parts, and stopping in the Lungs, were easily condensed into a Viscous liquor, that stopped up the Channels of the Lungs, and stuck like Bird-lime to the sides of the Bronchia, which caused that violence of Cough∣ing to shake off that tenaoious Mat∣ter.

VII. The Cough was longer and more vehement, and threw off much more te∣nacious Flegm, in regard the Flegmatic Humors, that had been gathering to∣gether all day and night, about the beginning of the day, abounded in so great a quanti•…•…y, that they could no longer be contained in the Head, but falling down upon the Lungs and tick∣ling the Bronchia not only with their Acrimony provoked the Cough, but more plentifully filling the Bronchia con∣tracted

by the Vapors condensed within them, and thence hindring Respiration irritated the Cough, as being that by which Nature endeavoured to throw off the trouble.

VIII. The Cough increased after Meals, because the Vapors being rai∣sed by the swallowed Nourishment, and endued with some Acrimony fell upon the Lungs, and there con∣densed stick to the refrigerated Bron∣chia, and tickling the sensible inner Tunicle both of them, and the Aspera Arteria already prepared to ease Pro∣vacation by the former Humors, ex∣asperate the Cough; through the vi∣olent Agitation whereof and Compres∣sion of the Muscles of the Abdomen, the Stomach throws up all again; upon which the Cough ceases for a time, be∣cause there is nothing in the Stomach from whence any more sharp Vapors can ascend to the Lungs.

IX. And by reason of the same vi∣olent Motion, and over frequent disten∣sion of the Muscles, some Pain is felt in the Breast and Abdomen. And that Compression forcing the Meat and Drink unconcocted out of the Stomach, causes a violent Loosness and dejection of the Nourishment.

X. There is no Fever, because there is no Putrefaction of the Humor, but the Body is emaciated, and becomes very weak, because the violent concus∣sion of the Cough, weakens all the Parts of the Body; nor are they able to re∣ceive or retain the Alimentary Blood flowing through the Arteries, some∣times loose, sometimes compressed as they ought to do. 2. Because that vi∣olent Agitation expells the Nourish∣ment received before due Concoction; by which means all the Parts of the Bo∣dy are deprived of their due Nourish∣ment, and consequently must be very much weakned.

XI. The appetite continues, because the Stomach is in good order, undistur∣bed by the Catarrhs: the disturbance of its Concoction being only acciden∣tal.

XII. He sleeps moderately; because the Flegmatic humor falls not in the Night from the Head to the Breast; besides that the rapid Motion of the Animal Spirits to the Organs of the Senses is for a while restrained by the Cold and Plenty of the Humors; so that the Organs are at rest for a while for want of copious Spirits.

XIII. Such a Cough as this threatens great danger by reason of the Saltness of the Catarrhs, the Acrimony where∣of in some Veins in the Lungs may be easily corroded and broken, thence Spitting of Blood and Exulcerations. Beside that the Cure is difficult, by rea∣son the cold ill Temper of the Brain and Lungs is of a long standing; not easie to be removed.

XIV. In the Method of the Cure, 1. The vehemency of the Cough, and the Acrimony of the Catarrhs is to be al∣lay'd. 2. The Te•…•…acity of the Spittle is to be attenuated, concocted and brought to Maturation. 3. The cold ill temper of the Lungs and Head is to be amended, and the Parts to be Coro∣borated. 4. The falling down of the Catarrhs to the Lungs is to be prevent∣ed.

XV. After Purgation with Chochi•…•… Pills or Golden Pills, Electuary of Hie∣ra Picra or Diaph•…•…con, &c. this Apo∣zem is to be prescribed.

℞. Roots of Elecampane, Acorus, Florence Orrice an. ℥ s. sliced Licorice, Barley cleansed an. ℥ vj. Scabious, Venus Hair, White Hore-hound, Betony, Coltsfoot an. M j. Oak of Jerusalem M. s. Iuni∣per-berrys ℥ s. Seeds of Anise and Fen∣nel an. ʒ ij. Fat Figs N^o. ix. Raisins cleansed ℥ ij. Water q. s. Boil them to lb j s. Add to the straining Syrup of Stoechas, Horehound, Oxymel, Pectoral Magistral an. ℥ j. Mix them for an Apozem.

To which you may afterwards add for the swifter Consumption of the Flegm Sassaperil, Sassafras and China-root.

Also the Patient may make use of this Looch.

℞. Syrup of Hyssop, Horehound, Oxymel, Magistral an. ℥ j. Syrup of Stoechas ℥ s.

Instead of which he may now and then take one of these Tablets.

℞. Powder of the Root of Elecampane ℈j. Florence Orice ℈ ij. Licorice ʒ j. Saffron gr. xiv. Sugar dissolved in Fennel-water ℥ ij.

XVI. If after all the Cough still re∣main, give him this Bolus twice a week as he goes to Bed.

℞. Philonium Romanum. Nicholas's Rest, Mithridate of Damocrates an. ℈ j. Mix them for a Bolus.

At other times let him use his Apozen•…•… and Tablets.

XVII. To corroborate his Head, let him wear this Cap.

℞ Leaves of Marjoram, Rosemary P ij. Flowers of Red Roses and Lavender an. P. j. Nutmeg, Benjamin, Cloves an. ℈ ij. Beat them into a gross Powder for a Quilt.

XVIII. If after all this, there be no abatement of the Catarrh and Cough, then to divert and evacuate the flowing humour, make an Issue in the Arm or rather in the Neck.

XIX. Let him keep his Head and Breast warm, against the Injuries of the cold and moist Air. Let his Diet be of easie Digestion and good Nourishment, seasoned with Turneps, Chervil, Hyslop, Marjoram, Betony, Baum, Rice, Bar∣ley cleansed, Spices, Raisins, Sugar and such like Ingredients. Let his drink be middling, not stale, Hydromel an∣chosated, or sweet Wine moderately taken: and let him avoid all acid, sharp, salt and sowre things. Let him be mo∣derate in his Sleep and Exercise: and take care to keep his Body open.

HISTORY IV. Of an Asthma.

A Young Man, thirty years of age, of a strong Constitution, but careless of his Diet, and living a sedentary Life, some years a∣go, having overheated himself with Walking, and presently opening his Breast, and throwing aside his Cloaths, fell a drinking cold Rhe∣nish-Wine, and presently was taken with a Difficulty of Breathing, which made him pant and heave; and the next day, the Malady still increasing, he was in such a Condition, that the third Day he could not breath, unless he stood upright; so that for fourteen Days he could not lye in his Bed, but was forced to sit or stand whole Days and Nights together; but he was more troubled in the Night than Day time. After a little Cough happening, which brought up a good quantity of tough and viscous Flegm, his difficulty of Breathing aba∣ted, and he recovered his former Condition. From that time for∣ward, he was often afflicted with the same Distemper by Intervals, sometimes more, sometimes fewer Days together, more especially if he exposed himself to the Air, when very hot, or drank cold Rhenish; and this he further observed, that when the North-wind blew, he was presently seized with this Distemper, unless he had a great Care of himself, and that rather in the Summer and Autumn, than in the Winter. During this Malady, his Stomach was indifferent, but he could hardly eat for narrowness of the Parts, and after Meals his Diffi∣culty of Breathing grew worse. He had a great Inclination to Sleep, but no sooner had he closed his Eyes, but he waked with Terror and Faintness, so that during the Fit, he could not sleep for some Days and Nights together. His Belly and Breast seemed to be distended by Wind, sometimes he felt a heavy Pain in his Head, with a Chilliness in the hinder Part toward the Neck. And about this time he had a∣nother terrible Fit, not without danger of Suffocation. He had no Fever, nor complained of any Pain in any other Parts of the Body.

I. THis Mans Distemper is an Asth∣ma, which is a difficult panting and heaving Respiration; and it was in∣deed the highest degree of this Distem∣per, which we call Orthophnaea, which is an extraordinary Difficulty of Breath∣ing, in which the Patients cannot sleep, but standing upright, becuse of the Narrowness of the Respiratory Parts.

II. The antecedent Causes of this Distemper were flegmatic Humors, a∣bounding in the Body. The Original Causes were Heat and Cold. The con∣taining Cause is a tough and viscous Humor accumulated in the Bronchia of the Lungs, and fastned to them.

III. The flegmatic Constitution of the whole Body causes a Redundancy of cold crude and flegmatic Humors therein. Especially in those Parts, which being cold of themselves, are o∣ver-chill'd by some external Cause; so that the Body being overheated by vi∣blent Exercise, the Blood and Humors are more swiftly moved, and many Vapors excited in the lower Parts, which by a sudden Cold are condensed, and collected in the Brain in greater quantity. But in regard the Bronchia are cold of themselves, and more refri∣gerated by the Cold of the In-breath'd Air, they fasten to them like a tough Bird-lime, and contracting them, cause difficulty of breathing. To which, the Access of a Defluxion from the Brain, causes a greater Contraction, conse∣quently a greater Difficulty of breath∣ing, attended with Wheezing. Nor can the Patient breath but standing up∣right, the Lungs being pendulous, are most easily dilated in that Posture, and the Bronchia are more open in that Si∣tuation.

IV. The Distemper is still worse to∣ward Night, because the nocturnal Cold thickens the Flegmatic Humors, and renders them more tenacious, by which means they become more ob∣structive to the Bronchia.

V. At length, when the tenacious Mat∣ter is abated and thrown off by cough∣ing, then the Obstruction of the Bron∣chia abates, and the Difficulty of breathing ceases till the condensing and falling down of new Vapors.

VI. Which was plain, because the North-wind was so hurtful to him; the reason of which was because that Wind streightned the Pores, condensed the Humors and Vapors, and chill'd the Head and Lungs. And because the Body is hotter, and raises the Vapors more copious in the Summer, there∣fore the sudden Chilliness of that Wind more suddenly condenses and fastens them to the colder Bronchia.

VII. The Stomach of the Patient continued good, because neither the in∣breathed Air, nor the Defluxions from the Head offended the Stomach. But the Difficulty of breathing was worse after Meals, by reason of the Vapors raised by the Concoction of the Sto∣mach, which ascending to the middle and upper Belly, are condensed in both, and in the one fasten themselves to the Bronchia.

VIII. He cannot sleep, because he is forced to satisfie the Necessity of Re∣spiration, in the Dilatation of the Breast; which failing in Sleep, and con∣sequently Respiration, he is waked with Terror and Faintness, and compelled to wake that he may breath, and to breath with violence, that he may live.

IX. The Belly and Breast seem to be distended by Wind; though it be not Wind, but the continual and copious Flux of the Animal Spirits, for the Relief of the Lungs, which distends the Respiratory Muscles, which makes him think they are distended with Wind.

X. The heavy Pain in his Head pro∣ceeds from the abundance of Cold Hu∣mors collected in his Head. And thence that Chilliness in the hinder part of it.

XI. There was no Fever, in regard that neither the Blood nor Humors were corrupted. Nor Pain in any o∣ther Part, the sharp Humors being all got together in the Head and Lungs of this Patient.

XII. This Disease is dangerous, as threatning a Suffocation, especially i•…•… a new Defluxion fall from the Head up∣on the Lungs during the Continuance of the Malady.

XIII. In the Method of Cure, to the containing Cause must be removed that obstructs the Lungs. 2. The next things required, are to hinder the De∣fluxions of Catarrhs to the Lungs. 3. To reform the cold ill Temper of the Head and Lungs. 4. To change the Flegmatic Disposition of the Body, and abate the cold Humors abounding in the whole.

XIV. In the first place, let him take a common Glister, or a Suppository: Let him use a thin Diet, and Sawce

his Meat with Hyssop, Sage, Betony, Saffron, Anise, Fennel, Raisins and the like.

XV. Let him often take a Spoonful of this Syrrup.

℞. Syrup of Hyssop, Horehound, Pre∣served Ginger, and Roots of candied Elecampane an. ℥s. Compounded Ma∣gistral Oxymel ℥j. Mix them.

Also in the Morning, and about five a clock in the Afternoon, let him take one dram of this Powder in a little Malmsey Wine, Hydromel or Broth.

℞. Roots of Elecampane ʒj. Root of Flo∣rence, Orrice, Seed of Bishops-weed, an. ʒj. Benjamin, Saffron, an. ℈j. Musch gr. j. White Sugar Candy ʒiij. To which add Oyl of Anise, drops iiij. or v.

XVI. The Fit ceasing, let him be purged once a Week with Cochiae or Golden Pills, Hiera Picra, or some Phlegmagog Infusion. Blood-letting is not convenient.

XVII. Upon other days let him use this Apozem.

℞. Root of Elecampane, Fennel, an. ℥j. Acorus and Licorice sliced an. ʒv. Marjoram, Scabious, Venus Hair, Hys∣sop, white Horehound, Savine an. M. j. Iuniper Berry ℥s. Anise and Fennel∣seed an. ʒij. s. Raisins cleansed ℥ij. Water q. s. Boil them to lbj. s. Add to the Straining Magistral Oxymel, Sy∣rup of Stoechas, Horehound an. ℥j. Mix them for an Apozem.

XVIII. Also let him often take a small quantity of this Conditement.

℞. Specier. Dianthos, Diambr. an. ʒj. Root of Elecampane candied, con∣serve of Flowers of Sage, Anthos, an. ʒv. Syrup of Elecampane q. s. Mix them for a Conditement.

XIX. To evacuate the Flegm out of the whole Body, Decoctions of Saffa∣frass and Sassaperil are very proper, adding at the end some proper Cepha∣lic and Pectoral Ingredients to corrobo∣rate the Head and Lungs. Also let him wear a Cephalic Quilt upon his Head; and lastly, let him make an Issue in one Arm, or in the Neck.

XX. If the Patient mend upon the use of these Medicins, for removal of the farther Cause of this Mischief, let him take every other day in a Morn∣ing a Draught of this medicated Wine.

℞. Root of Elecampane dry ℥s. Of Flo∣rence, Hyssop, Ialop an. ʒj. s. Hyssop, white Horehound an. M. s. Iuniper Berries ℥s. Anise and Fennel-seed, an. ʒj. s. white Agaric ℈v. Lucid Aloes ℈iiij.

Tye them up in a Bag, and hang them in four or five pound of White∣wine.

XXI. For preservation, let him use this Bolus twice a Week, for three Weeks together.

℞. Venice Turpentine ʒiij. white Sugar ʒij. Mix them for a Bolus to be swal∣lowed in a Wafer moistned in Malmsey Wine.

XXII. His Diet has been already prescribed. His Drink must be small, his Sleep and Exercise moderate, and let him be sure to keep his Body soluble and regular.

HISTORY. V. Of the Quinancy.

A Young Man, about thirty years of Age, fleshy, strong and Ple∣thoric, having overheated himself with hard Labour, and be∣ing very thirsty, drank a large Draught of small Ale, brought him out of a cold Cellar. So that not able to endure the Coldness of the Drink in his Chaps, he was forced to take the Pot from his Mouth. Soon after he felt a certain Narrowness, with a Burning in his Chaps, and from thence some kind of Trouble in Breathing and Swallowing,

which still more and more increased. After seven or eight hours, a strong Fever seized him, with a strong, thick and unequal Pulse, and the Difficulty of Breathing and Swallowing encreased to that degree, that he could hardly breath either sitting or standing, and his Drink presently flew back out at his Nostrils. His Mouth was dry, with an extraordinary Thrist, which because he could not swal∣low, no Drink could allay. His Tongue looked of a dark Colour, and being depressed with an Instrument, in the hinder Part an intense Redness appeared; but no remarkable Tumor was conspicuous, be∣cause it lies in a lower Place. The Frog-like Veins were thick and tu∣mid. His Speech so obstructed, that he could hardly be heard: Rest∣less, he tumbled and tossed, and was mighty covetous of the cool Air: Without there was no Swelling, but an unusual Redness about the Region of the Chaps.

I. THis terrible Distemper is called Angina, or the Quinancy, Which is a Difficulty of Breathing and Swallow∣ing, proceeding from an Inflammation and Narrowness of the upper Parts of the Throat, Larynx and Chaps, and al∣ways accompanied with a continued Fe∣ver.

II. This is no bastard Quinancy Swelling of the Tonsilae, with Redness caused by a Catarrh, but a real An∣gina, bred by a meer Inflammation.

III. The anteceding Cause of this Malady, is Redundancy of Blood, which being stirred by the original Causes, and copiously collected in the Chaps and Muscles of the Larynx, and there putrifying, becomes the contain∣ing Cause. But the original Causes were hard Labour and cold Drink; the one exciting the Heat, the other chilling too soon.

IV. For the Body and Heart being heated by hard Labour, the Blood was rapidly moved by the strong and thick Pulsations of the Heart, and swiftly pass'd through the Vessels; but the Blood in the little Veins about the Chaps being thick∣ned by the coldness of the cold Drink, and the Roots and Orifices of the little Veins being likewise so streightned, that the Blood sent continually from the Heart, was not able to circulate through those Passages, which caused a Detenti∣on of much Blood therein; thence proceeded the hot Tumor, which streigthned the Passages of Respiration and Swallowing, and the Blood now no longer under the Regulation of the Heart, became inflamed and putrified, and part of it communicated to the Heart, kindled a continued Fever, a∣bout seven hours after, when the Mat∣ter was sufficiently enflamed, and the effervescency was become grievous to Nature.

V. The Fever made the Respiration more difficult, because the boiling Blood required more Room, and by that means encreased the Tumor and Nar∣rowness of the Passages; besides that, the feverish Heat requires more Respira∣tion.

VI. His dryness of Mouth, and ex∣tream Thirst, proceeded from the hot Vapors exhaling partly from the Infla∣med Part next the Mouth; partly from the Heart and lower Parts, by reason of the Fever. Nor can he swal∣low his Drink, because the upper Part of the Ossophagus is so compressed and strengthened by the inflamed Tumor, that nothing can pass that way, so that the Drink is forced to find another Passage back through the Nostrils.

VII. The Intense Redness that ap∣pears in the Chaps proceeds from the abundance of Blood in those Parts, which being denied free Passage through the Frog-like Veins, is the Cause that they are swell'd too.

VIII. The Speech is disturb'd by reason of the Inflamation of the Muscles of the Larynx, and Difficulty of Breathing.

IX. There was no Tumor conspicu∣ous without, because the whole Infla∣mation lay hid about the Larynx, Osso∣phagus and Chaps, nevertheless a certain Redness extended it self toward the out∣ward Parts adjoyning to them.

X. This is an acute and dangerous Disease, which must be either speedily cured, or sudden Death ensues; for that the Inflamation and Tumor in∣creasing will cause a Suffocation. The Fever augments the Danger, for that the Patient being not able to swallow a∣ny thing, the internal Heat cannot be quenched by Drink, nor the Debility

of the Body be repaired by Nourish∣ment. However there is some hopes, because the Inflamation does not lye al∣together hid in the Miscles of the La∣rynx, but extends it self to the out∣ward Parts, where Topicks may be ap∣plied; besides that, the Redness pro∣mises an Eruption of the Inflamation towards the outward Parts, to the great Benefit of the Patient.

XI. In the Method of Cure it is re∣quisite, 1. To hinder the violence of the Blood flowing to the Parts affected. 2. To discuss the Blood already collect∣ed therein. 3. To promote Maturati∣on. 4. To prevent Suffocation by Chy∣rurgery.

XII. The first thing therefore to be done is to let Blood freely in the Arm. And if once letting Blood will not suf∣fice, to open a Vein in the other Arm, and a third time, if need require. Al∣so to draw a good quantity of Blood from the Frog-veins.

XIII. In the mean time the Body is to be kept open with emollient Glisters.

XIV. Let the Patient make frequent use of this emollient and discussing Gar∣garism.

℞. Sliced Licorite ʒiij. Two Turneps of an indifferent bigness, Scabious, Violet Leaves, Mallows, Mercury, Beets an. M. j. Flowers of Camomil, pale Roses, an. M. s. Citron Peels ℥s. Water q. s. Boil them to lbj. s. Add to the Strain∣ing Syrup of Dianucum ℥ij. Diamorum ℥j. Honey of Roses ℥s. Mix them for a Gargarism.

If the Tumor seem to tend to Suppu∣ration, add thereto,

Cleansed Barley ʒj. s. Leaves of Althea M. j. s. Figgs n^o ix.

XV. Outwardly apply this Cata∣plasm.

℞. Root of white Lillies ʒj. s. Leaves of Beets, Mallows, Mercury, Althea, Flowers of Camomil, an. M. j. Pale Roses M. s. Fengreek Meal ℥j. s. The inner Part of one Swallows Nest pow∣dered, Water q. s. Boil them into the Form of a Poultis; to which add Oyl of Camomil ℥ij. Mix them for a Ca∣taplasm.

If there be any likelihood of Maturati∣on, add thereto,

Fat Figs n^o vij. or viij. Meal of the Root of Althea, Hemp-seed, Pulp of Cassia, Oyl of Lillies an. ℥j.

XVI. So soon as the Patient is able to swallow, purge him gently with an Infusion of Rhubarb, Pulp of Cassia, Syrup of Roses solutive, or of Succory with Rheon.

XVII. Then give him this Julep for Drink.

℞. Decoction of Barley lbj. s. Syrup of Diamoron, Dianucum and Violets an. ℥j. Oyl of Sulphur, a little to give it a Sharpness. Mix them for a Iulep.

XVIII. If the Imposthume break, let the Patient, holding his Head down, spew out the purulent Matter, and cleanse the Ulcer with a Gargarism of the Decoction of Barley, sweetned with Sugar, Honey, or Syrup of Horehound or Hyssop, of which Syrups a Looch may be made. Afterwards let him use a Gargarism of Sanicle, Plantain, Egri∣mony, Cypress Nuts, red Roses, &c. sweetned with Syrup of dry Roses and Pomegranates.

XIX. If while these things are made use of, the Difficulty of breathing in∣crease, so that a Suffocation may be feared, before the Matter can be dis∣cussed or brought to maturity, the last Remedy is Laryngotomic or Incision of the Larynx; concerning which, consult Casserius in his Anatomical History of the Voice. Aquapendens in his Trea∣tise De Perforatione Asperae Arteriae; and Sennertus's Institutions, L. 5. P. 1. Sect. 2. C. 7.

XX. When the Patient can swallow, let his Diet be Cream of Barley, A∣mygdalates, thin Chicken and Mutton Broth boiled with Lettice, Endive, Purslain, Sorrel, Damask Prunes, &c. Let his Drink be small Ale, refrigera∣ting Juleps and Ptisans: Keep his Body soluble and quiet.

HISTORY VI. Of a Peripneumony, or Inflammation of the Lungs.

A Strong Young Man, having overheated himself with drinking Wine, after Mid-night drank a Pint of cold Water, and so exposing himself to the cold nocturnal Air, went home. Presently he felt a Difficulty of Breathing, which every moment encreased without any acute Pain in the Breast. However he felt a troublesome Ponderosity in the middle of his Breast, toward the Left-side. He had a little Cough, which after molested him, and caused him to spit bloody and frothy Matter, but not much. He had a great Redness upon his Cheeks. About three or four Hours after, a strong and conti∣nued Fever seized him, with an extraordinary Drought and Dry∣ness of his Mouth. His Pulse beat strong, thick and unequal, and his Head pain'd him extreamly; and his Difficulty of Breathing en∣creased to that degree, that he was almost suffocated.

I. THE chief Part here affected, was the Lungs, especially the left Lobe, as appeared by the difficulty of breathing, and the heaviness in the middle of the Breast toward the Left∣side. By consequence also the Heart and the whole Body.

II. This Disease is called Peripneu∣monia, which is an Inflamation of the Lungs with a continued Fever, difficul∣ty of Respiration, and a ponderous trouble in the Breast.

III. A Plethora is the antecedent Cause of the Disease. The next Cause is greater Redundancy of Blood forced into the Substance of the Lungs, then is able to circulate. The original Cause, was too much overheating, and too suddain refrigeration.

IV. The Wine overheated the Body, thence a strong and thick Pulsation of the Heart, by which the Blood attenu∣ated by the Heat, was rapidly forced through the Arteries into the Parts; but being refrigerated by the actual Coldness of the Water drank, and the in-breath'd Air, and not able to pass through the obstructed Passages of the Pulmonary Veins and Arteries, begets that remarkable Swelling, accompani∣ed with an Inflamation; partly through the Encrease of the Blood, partly by reason of its Corruption and violent Effervescency.

V. Now the Bronchia or Gristles of the Lungs being compressed by this Tumor of the Lungs, the Respiration becomes difficult, and that Difficulty more and more encreases, because eve∣ry Pulse adds some Blood to the Tu∣mid Part.

VI. Then, because the Lungs being swelled and distended, must needs be more heavy, thence that troublesome Ponderosity is perceived in the Breast, especially toward the Left-side, because the Inflamation possesses the sinister Lobe. However, there is no great or acute Pain, because there are no large Nerves in the Substance of the Lungs, which therefore have no quick Sence of feeling; and as for the inner Tunicle of the Bronchia, which most acutely feels, it is hardly affected with this Distemper, only the sharp Heat of the putrifying Blood somewhat tickling it, and the thinner Particles of the Blood being squeezed into it, provoke a little Cough, accompanied with a little spitting of Blood.

VII. The Cheeks are red, by reason of the spirituous Blood boiling in the Lungs, which insinuates it self and its Vapors into the spungy Substance of the Cheeks; besides that, there is a hot Ex∣halation from the inflam'd Lungs them∣selves, with which fierce Vapors break forth out of the Chaps, and lighting within the Mouth into the Cheeks, make them much hotter, and encrease the Redness.

VIII. The continued Fever proceeds from the Blood, putrifying in the Lungs, and communicated continually to the Heart; which did not appear at first, till after three hours, that the Blood be∣ing

encreased in quantity and heat, be∣gan to putrifie and be inflamed; and then the Mouth became dry by reason of the fervid Exhalations drying the in∣side of the Mouth. The Pulse was strong and thick, by reason of the quan∣tity and heat of the Blood. Unequal, because of the unequal Mixture of the putrid Particles, sometimes more, some∣times less communicated to the Heart.

IX. At the beginning of the Fever, the Difficulty of breathing encreased al∣most to Suffocation, because of the greater quantity of Blood forced into the Heart by stronger Pustles; partly, because the Blood now putrifying and boiling in the Lungs, wants more room, and therefore causes a greater Com∣pression and Contraction of the Bron∣chia.

X. The Pain in the Head is caused by the sharp Humors caused by the Wine excessively drank, and vellica∣ting the Membranes of the Brain; partly by the hot Blood, and its sharp Exhalation, forced by the Motion of the Heart into the same Membranes, somewhat chill'd by the Cold of the Nocturnal Air.

XI. This Disease is very dangerous, by reason of the Difficulty of breathing, and the Excess of the Fever. Besides that, the Bowel is affected, which is next the Heart, and without the use of which, it cannot subsist.

XII. Therefore in the Method of Cure, a Vein is first to be opened in the Arm, and a good quantity of Blood to be taken away, and the same Bleeding to be repeated twice or thrice, if need require, which though it weaken the Party, yet it is better he should be cu∣red weak, than die strong.

XIII. In the mean time let his Belly be moved with some ordinary Glister, as the Infusion of Rhubarb, Syrup of Roses solutive, Succhory with Rheon, Decoction of Pruens or solutive Electu∣ary Diaprunum, or some such gentle Purgatives, for stronger must be a∣voided.

XIV. To quench his Thirst, give him some such Julep.

℞. Decoction of Barley lbj. s. Syrup of Poppy, Rheas, of Violets, Pale Roses, an. ℥j.

XV. This Apozem may be prescrib∣ed to take of it three or four times a day.

℞. Roots of Succory, Colts-foot, Aspara∣gus Grass, an. ℥j. Sliced Licorice ℥s. Violet-leaves, Endive, Coltsfoot, Let∣tice, Venus Hair, Borage, an. M. j. Flowers of Poppy, Rheas p. ij. Four greater Cold Seeds an. ʒj. Blew Currans ℥j. Water q. s. Boyl them to lbj. s. Then add to the Straining Syrup of Poppy, Rheas, of Violets and pale Ra∣ses an. ℥j. For an Apozem.

Of the same Syrups equally mixt with a little Saffron added, may be made a Looch to alleviate the Cough.

XVI. If the Inflamation come to maturation, which will appear by the purulent Spittle, and the Diminution of the Fever, then first let him take ab∣stergent Apozems of Elecampane, Hore∣hound, Hyssop, Scabious, &c. also Loo∣ches of Syrup of Venus Hair, Hore∣hound, Hyssop, &c. And when the Ulcer is sufficiently cleansed, then come to Consolidation.

XVII. Let the Patients Diet be Cream of Barley, Chicken and Mut∣ton Broth, with cleansed Barley, blew Currans, Endive, Lettice, Damask Pru∣ens, and such like Ingredients, boiled therein, or Almond Milk: For his Drink, small Ale, or the aforesaid Ju∣lep.

HISTORY VII. Of Spitting Blood.

A Lusty Young Man accustomed to a salt, hard and sharp Diet, ha∣ving many times exposed himself bare Headed to the Cold of the Winter Air, and thence contracted first a terrible Pose, with a heavy Pain in his Head, was after molested with a violent Cough, caused by sharp Catarrhs descending upon his Breast, that brought him to spit up a great quantity of Blood, and that not without some pain. At first a Physitian being sent for let him Blood in the Arm, and took

away a good quantity, which appeared cold, very thin and ill coloured, and something but very little coagulated; the Blood-letting stopped his spitting of Blood for two days, but afterwards it returned again. His Appetite failed him, and his strength decay'd; but he had no Fever.

I. THE Primary Malady that afflict∣ed this Man is called by the Greeks 〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉〈 in non-Latin alphabet 〉, by the Latines Sangui∣nis Sputum, or spitting of Blood.

II. In general it is a Symptom of Ex∣crements flowing from the Lungs and the Vessels belonging to it; but the Di∣sease which follows that Symptom is a Solution of the Continuum.

III. The Part Primarily affected is the Lungs, with it's Vessels, which ap∣pears by the Cough, and the Blood spit out with the Cough: which comes away without Pain, because of the little sence of Feeling in the Lungs. The Pose and falling down of the Catarrhs, shew the Head to be affected in like manner. Secundarily, and the other Parts suffer nothing, but only as they are wearied by the violence of the Cough, and wea∣kened by that, and the Evacuation of the Blood.

IV. The anteceding Causes are the sharp and crude Humors, descending from the Head to the Lungs, which vel∣licating the respiratory Parts by their Acrimony, cause a terrible Cough, and by their Corrosion, a Solution of the Continuum. The Original Causes are the External Cold, the obstruction of the Pores of the Head, and what ever others that cause a Collection of crude Humors, or an endeavour to expel them being colected.

V. Disorderly Diet and ill Food bred a great quantity of bad and sharp Humors in the Body, and made the Blood it self thin and sharp; hence many sharp Vapors were carry'd to the Head, which wont to be evacuated through the usual Passages and Pores, which be∣ing stopped and contracted by the Cold, the Humors likewise condensed, with their viscous Slime beset the Spongy∣bones of the Nostrils, and so caused the Pose, which was attended with a heavy Pain in the Head, while the de∣tained Humors distended the Mem∣branes of the Brain; afterwards descend∣ing to the Aspera Arteria and Lungs they induced a violent Cough, and Corrosion of the Vessels, upon which ensued a Solution of the Continuum, while the Vessels were broken and opened by the Violence of the Cough.

VI. That the Blood abounded with bad and sharp Humors appeared from hence, that being let out of the Veins, it was thin and ill colored.

VII. This spitting of Blood returned again, because that when the opened Vessels are emptied, there is some time required before they can be filled a∣gain: but no sooner are they swelled with more Blood, but it bursts out as be∣fore.

VII. Now the reason why the Blood stopped for two days after the Blood-let∣ing, was because by that Evacuation the Heart was debilitated and the Pustles grew weaker, so that less Blood was forced out of the right Ventricle of the Heart into the Lungs. But after two days the Heart gathering strength and filling the little Vessels of the Lungs with Blood, the violence of the Cough easily forced it out again.

IX. The Appetite was lost, through the continual Agitation of the Cough, and weakness caused by the Evacuation of so much Blood; which caused a Debi∣lity of the whole Body and Bowels to∣gether with the Stomach. Besides that bad Diet had bred several crude Hu∣mors in the Stomach, which had dulled the Appetite and weakened Concocti∣on.

X. The decay of strength proceeded from loss of Blood and the Bodies be∣ing wearied by the violent Agitation of the Cough.

XI. This Disease is very dangerous. 1. In respect of the Part affected; since no man can want Respiration. 2. In respect of the Cause; which is partly a Corrosion, partly a Rupture of the Vessel. 3. In respect of the difficulty of the Cure, which requires rest, which is not to be expected in the Respiratory Parts. Neither can the Solution be ta∣ken a part, but the Flux of the Ca∣tarrhs, and the Cough must be cured together. Therefore says, Faventinus, Blood being spit from the Lungs with a Cough, the broken Vein cannot be closed but with great difficulty. For when any little Vessel of the Lungs is opened or broken, an Ulcer follows, which brings

a Consumption that soon terminates in Death. All the hopes of this Patient consisted in his Age and strength.

XII. In the method of the Cure, the Cough is first to be allay'd. 2. The Blood to be diverted from the Lungs. 3. The broken Vessels to be consoli∣dated. 4. The descent of the Catarrhs to be prevented. 5. The crude and sharp Humors to be hindred from ga∣thering in the Head. 6. The deprav'd Constitution of the Blood and Humors to be amended.

XIII. After Glystering, or some Le∣nitive Purge given at the Mouth, Blood∣letting is most proper, which is to be repeated as necessity requires; especially when the Patient perceives any heavi∣ness in the lower Part of the Breast, for the Blood-letting hinders the reple∣tion of the Vessels of the Lungs, and their being forcibly opened by the quantity of Blood.

XIV. To thicken the Blood and the Catarrh, and allay the Cough,

℞. Haly's Powder against the Consump∣tion ℈ ij. s. Red Corral prepared ℈ j. Decoction of Plantain, ℥j. Syrup of Comfrey ℥ s. Mix them to be drunk Morning and Evening.

Let him often in the day use the follow∣ing Looch and Amigdalate.

℞. Syrup of Comfrey, dry Roses, Colts∣foot an. ʒ vj. Of Poppies ʒ iij. Mix them for a Looch.

℞. Sweet Almonds blanched ℥ ij. s. Lettice Seeds ℥ s. Decoction of Barley q. s. Make an Emulsion of lb j. with which mix with white Sugar q. s. For an A∣midgdalate.

XV. To divert the Catarrh, make an Issue in the Arm or Neck, and ap∣ply Cupping-glasses to the Scapula and Back. And to prevent the Collection of crude Humors, let him wear a Cepha∣lic Quilt, composed of Ingredients to heat and corroborate the Head, dry up the Humors and open the Pores; and to open the Passage of the Nostrils, let him take some gentle Sternutory.

XVI. When the Cough is thus re∣moved, and the Blood-spitting stopped, proceed to the farther consolidation of the corroded and broken Vein. To which purpose the Patient must be gent∣ly Purged by Intervals, to evacuate the sharp Humors by degrees. In the mean time let him drink this Apozem thrice a day.

℞. Barley cleansed ℥ j. Roots of the grea∣ter Consownd, Tormentil, Snake-weed, sliced Licorice an. ʒ vj. Sanicle, Herb Fluellin, Winter-green, Colts-foot, Egri∣mony, Ladies Mantle, Plantain. an. M. j. Red Roses M. j. Heads of white Poppy ℥ ij. s. The relicks of prest Grapes, ℥ iij. Figgs N^o. v. Make an Apo∣zem of lb j. s.

Instead of this he may take the quantity of a Nutmeg of this Conditement,

℞. Haly's Powder against a Consumption ʒ j. s. Coral Prepared, Blood-stone, Harts-horn burnt an. ℈ j. s. Conserve of Red Roses ℥ ij. Syrup of Comfrey q. s.

XVII. His Diet must be of good Juice and easie Digestion, and somewhat of a clamy Substance, as Veal, Lamb, Mut∣ton, and Broths of the same, ordered with Barley, Rice, Reasons, &c. More especially Goats Milk. Let his Drink be sweet Ale, not too small, let him not any way strain his Voice: and for his Body let him keep it so soluble, that his Stools may be easie.

HISTORY VIII. Of a Consumption.

A Lusty Young Man, twenty two Years of Age, having for a long time lived disorderly, at first felt for some time a heavy pain in his Head, which seeming to abate about Winter, presently he began to be molested with a Defluxion of sharp Humors to the Lungs, and thence with a violent Cough, which brought up every day a great quantity of thick tough Flegm, after he had been troubled with this Cough for some Months, at length he brought up Blood mixed with

his other Spittle: and about three Weeks or a Month since purulent matter was observed to be mixed with his Spittle, sometimes without, sometimes mixed with Blood, of which he hauk'd up every day more and more. However his Spittle had no ill smell; he had also a con∣tinual slight Fever, but attended with no signal Symptoms, his Nostrils were dryer then usually; and out of which there came little or nothing to speak of; he was much Emaciated and very Feeble. His Appetite lost, or very little: and his Cough frequently interrupted his sleep.

I. SEveral Parts of this Young Mans Body were affected; The Head, as appeared by the Pain therein, and the Catarrhs. The Lungs, as appeared by Cough and Spittle; and the Heart, as was manifest by the Fever; and conse∣quently the whole Body was out of Or∣der.

II. This Disease is called Phtisis, or a Consumption, Which is an Atrophy or wasting of the whole Body, proceeding from an Ulcer in the Lungs, with a sleight lingring Fever.

III. The remote Cause of this Disease was disorderly Diet, which bred many sharp and viscous Humors in the Body; and the going carelesly uncovered in the Winter time, bred a cold ill temper in the Head, which contracted and stopped the Pores of it: by which means the Vapors ascending from the lower Parts, condensed in the Brain, and for want of passage, begot a heavy Pain in the Head, being as yet more ponde∣rous than acrimonious, and lodged in the less sensible Ventricles of the Brain.

IV. The same Humors with their vis∣cosity had obstructed the usual Passages of the Nostrils and Palate, and so find∣ing no other way, fell down upon the Lungs and Aspera Arteria, which caused the Cough; at what time the Head∣ach abated, because the condensed Hu∣mors having found out a new Channel, were no longer troublesom to the Head.

V. By the Acrimony of the Catarrhs some Corrosion was made in the Lungs; and thence, the violence of the Cough preceding, an effusion of Blood mixed with the Spittle, yet not very much, because none of the larger Vessels were either corroded or dilacerated by the fury of the Cough. Suppuration and an Ulcer followed the Corrosion; whence the Purulent matter spit up; which became still more and more, as the Ulcer increased. However as yet it has no ill smell, because the Ulcer is not come to that degree of Putrefacti∣on.

VI. the sleight Fever proceeded from the Humors putrifying about the Ul∣cer. For the Blood forced from the right Ventricle of the Heart, cannot but receive some infection from the putrified Humors about the Ulcer, and carry it to the left Ventricle, where it kindles that Fever; which is but sleight, because the Putrefaction is not great. But continual, for that every time the Heart dilates, something of that Putre∣faction falls into the left Ventricle.

VII. The Nostrils are dry, because the Flegmatic humors have found out other Passages to the Breast, and none come to the Nostrils.

VIII. The Patient is emaciated, be∣cause the Blood is corrupted by the putrid Humors continually heated in the Heart, and mingled with the Blood, which is thereby made unfit for Nourish∣ment, and uncapable of Assimulation with the Parts.

IX. The Appetite decays, because the Stomach not being nourished with good Blood, grows weak and breeds bad Humors; besides that the continu∣al and violent Agitation of the Cough destroys the natural Constitution of it, so that it is not sensible of that Corosi∣on which begets Hunger, neither can it conveniently retain nor concoct the Nourishment received.

X. By what has been said, it is ap∣parent that the Disease is a Consump∣tion; the certain Signs of which are Bloody and purulent Spittle, a soft and lingring Fever, and a wasting of the whole Body.

XI. This Disease is very dangerous; 1. Because the Ulcer is in such a Bow∣el, the use of which cannot be spared. 2▪ Because it is in a Spungy part that is not easily consolidated. 3. Because at∣tended with a Fever that drys up the whole Body. 4. Because there is a great wast and decay of strength. 5. Because the Cure of the Ulcer requires rest, whereas the Lungs are always in conti∣nual Motion. 6. Because the Medica∣ments do not come to the Lungs with their full Vertue but through various

Concoctions. 7. Because a Fever and an Ulcer require different Reme∣dies.

XII. The Method of Cure requires, 1. That the cold ill Temper of the Head be amended, the generation of cold Humors, and the defluctions of cold Humors, and the Cough be pre∣vented and allay'd. 2. That the Ulcer be cured and the Fever be remov'd.

XIII. First, Therefore the defluction of the Catarrhs is to be diverted from the Breast by Issues in the Neck or Arm. The Head is to be corroborated, the redounding cold Humors are to be dry'd up, and the obstructed Pores to be o∣pened. To which purpose the Temples and Bregma are to be anointed Morn∣ing and Evening with Oyl of Rosemary, Sage, Amber, Nutmegs, &c. Let him also wear a Quilted Cap stuft with Ce∣phalics, for some time.

℞. Leaves of Marjoram and Rosemary an. ʒ j. s. Flowers of Rosemary, Lavender, Melilot an. ʒ. j. Nutmegs ℈ ij. Cloves, Storax an. ℈ j. Beat them into a gross Powder for a Quilt.

XIV. The Belly is to be gently mo∣ved with Manna or Syrup of Roses Solutive.

XV. Then to facilitate Excretion of the Spittle with such Remedies as at the same time may heal the Ulcer.

℞. Syrup of Venus-hair, of Comfrey, of dried Roses an. ℥ j. Mix them for a Looch.

Or such kind of Trochischs,

℞. Flower of Sulphur, Powder of sliced Liconice an. ʒ j. Root of Florence Or∣rice ℈ ij. Haly's Powder against a Con∣sumption ʒ iij. Benjamin, Saffron, an. ℈ j. White Sugar ℥ v. With Rose-water q. s. Make them into a Past for Tro∣chischs.

XVI. If the Cough continue very violent, add to the Looches a little white Syrup of Poppy. Moreover to allay the Cough and recover strength, let him frequently take of this Amygda∣late.

℞. Sweet Almonds blanched ℥ ij. s. Four greater Cold Seeds an. ʒ j. Seed of white Poppy ʒ iij. Barley water q. s. Make an Emulsion to lb j. To which add Syrup of Popies ʒ ij. Sugar of Roses q. s.

XVII. Afterwards for the more spee∣dy closing the Ulcer, use this Condite∣ment.

℞. Haly's Powder against a Consumption, ʒiij. Old Conserve of Red Roses ℥ j. s. Syrup of Comfrey, For a Conditement.

XVIII. Let his Food be easie of Di∣gestion, and very nutritive, as potched Eggs, Veal, Mutton and Chicken-Broath, with cleansed Barley, Raisins, Rice, Almonds, Chervil, Betony, and such like Ingredients: also Gellys of the same Flesh. Let him drink Goats Milk Morn∣ing and Evening warm from the Udder, and not eat after it for some hours. Let his Drink be Ptisans sweetned with Su∣gar of Roses. Let him sleep long, keep his Body quiet, and his Belly solu∣le.

HISTORY IX. Of a Syncope.

A Man forty Years of Age, of a Flegmatic Constitution, after he had fed largly upon Lettice, Cowcumbers, Fruit, Whey, and such like Diet all the Summer long at length having lost his Stomach became very weak with a kind of sleepiness and numness, and a Syn∣cope which often returned if any thing troubled or affrighted him: which Syncope held him sometimes half an hour, sometimes longer with an extraordinary chillness of the extream parts, and much cold Sweat; so that the standers by thought him Dead. Coming to him∣self he complained of a Faintness of his Heart, and with an Inclination to Vomit voided at the Mouth a great quantity of Mucous Flegm; no Fever nor any other Pain.

I. MAny Parts in this Patient were affected, and many times the whole Body, but the Fountains of the Disease were the Stomach and Heart, whence all the rest proceeded.

II. The most urging Malady was a thick Syncope, which is a very great and Headlong prostration of the Strength proceeding from want of heat and Vital Spirits.

III. Now that it was a Syncope and no Apoplexy is apparent from the Pulse and Respiration, both which cease at the very beginning; whereas at the be∣ginning of an Apoplexy they continue for some time.

IV. The remote cause of this Syn∣cope is disorderly Dyet, crude and cold, which weakens the Stomach, that it cannot perfect Concoction; and thence a vast quantity of viscous Flegm which adhering to the upper Orifice of the Sto∣mack begets in that cold and moist Di∣stemper which destroys the Stomach. And because there is a great consent be∣tween the Stomach and the Heart by means of the Nerves of the sixth Con∣jugation, inserted into the Orifices of the Heart and Pericardium; hence the Heart becomes no less languid, and faint∣ing, sometimes suffers a Syncope. For that Flegmatic Blood affords very few Spirits, for want of which the strength fails, and sometimes is ruin'd alto∣gether.

V. And not only the Animal, but the Vital Actions fail, for the Vital Spirits failing in the Heart, the Animal fail also in the Brain. And the Motion of the Heart failing, the Motion of the Brain fails, which renders the Body numb'd and sleepy, though the Syncope be over.

VI. In this Syncope the Patient lies like a dead Man, by reason of the ex∣traordinary Prostration of the Strength and Vital Actions. The External Parts are cold, for want of hot Blood from the Heart. There is a cold clammy Sweat, in regard the thin Vapors, which otherwise used insensibly to exhale through the Pores of the Skin, are sud∣denly condensed by the sudden want of Heat, and so sticking viscous to the Skin, begets a cold Sweat. Nor is there hardly any Respiration to be per∣ceived, for that the fainting Heart sends no hot Blood to be cool'd in the Lungs; besides that, the Motion of the Heart and Brain failing, few or no A∣nimal Spirits are sent to the Respirato∣ry Muscles.

VII. The Syncope ceasing, the Lan∣guor of the Heart remains, by reason of the great quantity of Flegm con∣tained in the Stomach, which flows out at the Mouth with a kind of nausea∣ting.

VIII. This is a dangerous Malady, as well in respect of the Principal Bowel affected, as in respect of the Cure, in regard of the Weakness of the Pa∣tient.

IX. The Cure is as well to be begun during the Syncope, as when it is o∣ver.

X. During the Syncope, the extream Parts are to be rubbed with Musk, Amber, Benjamin, green Baum bruised, and such other odorous Smells are to be held to the Nostrils, either alone, or mixed with Wine or Spirit of Wine. A little of Matthiolus's Aqua Vitae, Spi∣rit of Wine, Cinnamon-water, or Hip∣pocrass is to be powered down his Mouth with a Spoon; and the Region of the Stomach to be somented with this Epitheme warmly applied.

℞. Rosemary, Baum, Mint, Leaves of Laurel an. M j. Nutmegs, Cinnamon, Cloves an. ʒj. s. Fennel Seed ʒij. Ge∣nerous Wine q. s. Boil them according to Art to lbj. To the Straining add Spi∣rit of Wine ℥ij. For an Epitheme.

XI. When the Syncope is past, the Flegm accumulated in the Stomach is gently to be removed. To which pur∣pose let him take this Bolus.

℞. Electuar. Hiera Picra ʒij. for a Bo∣lus.

Or this Powder,

℞. Root of Ialap, Cinnamon an. ℈j. Diagridion gr. iiij. Make them into Powder.

XIII. Afterwards to strengthen the Heart and Stomach, and gently to purge away the Flegm, this medicated Wine is very proper. Of which, let the Pati∣ent take a Draught every Day, or eve∣ry other Day.

℞. Root of Elecampane ℥s. Acorus, Ga∣langale an. ʒij. Baum, Marjoram, Tops of Wormwood, an. M. s. Orange Peels, Iuniper Berries an. M. s. Fennel and Anise-seed, an. ʒj. s. Agaric, Lucid Aloes an. ʒj. Choice Cinnamon ʒij. s. Cloves, ℈ij. Put these into a Bag, to

be hung in lbiiij. Of odoriferous White∣wine.

XIV. In the day time, let the Pati∣ent now and then drink a little Hippo∣crass or Hydromel, after a little Bag of Cinnamon, Nutmegs, Ginger, Cloves and Grains of Cardamum has been hung. Or take now and then a small quantity of this Conditement.

℞. Specier. Diambrae, Sweet Diamosch, an. ʒj. s. Orange-peels, Roots of Ele∣campane, Ginger condited an. ℥ s. Con∣serve of Anthos ℥ v. Oyl of Cinnamon, and Cloves an. gutt. ij. Syrup of pre∣served Ginger q. s. For a Condite∣ment.

Or let him use these Tablets.

℞. Choice Cinnamon ℈ij. Mace, Cloves, White Ginger an. ℈j. Specier. Diam∣brae ʒj. Sugar dissolved in odoriferous Wine ℥iij. For Tablets.

XV. Outwardly apply this little Bag to the Region of the Heart and Stomach.

℞. Cloves, Cinnamon, Nutmeg, Storax, Benjamin, an. ℈j. s. Leaves of Marjo∣ram and Rosemary, an. M. s. Reduce them into a gross Powder to be sowed into a little Bag.

Lastly, that which is called the Am∣ber Apple; or Storax, Benjamin, Grains of Cardamom, Cloves or other odoriferous Spices somewhat bruised, and ty'd up in a thin piece of Silk, or put into an ivory or silver Box perfora∣ted, will be very proper to smell to.

XVI. When the Patient begins to recover Strength, let him take a spoon∣ful or two of this Mixture.

℞. Strong Rhenish-wine ℥iiij. Cinna∣mon-water ℥j. Matthiolus's Aqua Vitae ʒvj. Confection of Alkermes ʒj. s. Perl'd Sugar, q. s. to a moderate Sweetness.

For want of this Composition, let him take a little generous Wine, or Spirit of Wine, or Matthiolus's Aqua Vitae.

XVII. Let his Chamber be strewed with odoriferous Herbs, as Baum, Thyme, Marjoram, Rosemary, &c. or else be perfumed with Cephalic Spices.

His Diet must be sparing, easie of Digestion, and very nutritive, as the Juices and Gravies of Chickens and Partridges, Gellies of Mutton, Veal and Hens prepared with Baum, Rose∣mary, Sage, Roots of wild Raddish, Anise and Fennel-seed, Nutmeg, Cloves, Pepper, Ginger, Cinnamon, &c.

His Drink must be midling Wine, Hydromel or Ale moderately taken, tinctured with a little Wormwood. Nor will it be amiss to take now and then a little Wormwood-wine or Hippocrass, or a spoonful of Matthiolus's Aqua Vitae, or Spirit of Juniper Wine, Cinnamon or Fennel Wine. His Sleep and Exer∣cise must be moderate and gentle, and his Excrements must have their due and regular Course.

HISTORY X. Of the Palpitation of the Heart.

A Lusty young Man, about thirty four years of Age, but some∣what Scorbutic, and for a long time accustomed to salt Meats dryed in the Smoak, and pickled in Vinegar, and other Food of hard Digestion, many times complained of a troublesome Ponderosity in his left Hypochondrion. Afterwards, about three or four hours after Meals, he felt a strong Palpitation of his Heart, accompanied with a strong Pulse, very unequal, and sometimes intermitting for two or three stroaks together; at what time he was seized with an extraor∣dinary Faintness. This Palpitation lasted for half an hour, then ceased again; after which, slight, but frequent Palpitations often return'd. His Appetite was indifferent, and his Stomach digested well. He slept also very well, only sometimes he was troubled with frightful Dreams.

I. THE Part most manifestly affect∣ed in this Patient, was the Pal∣pitation of the Heart, which is a disor∣derly, and over vehement Motion of the Heart.

II. The Proximate Cause is a salt and sharp Humor mingled with the Blood, which being mixed with the Chylus, concocted out of sharp and salt Food, and three or four hours after Meals, poured forth into the hollow Vein, and sliding with it into the Heart, causes a disorderly and vehe∣ment Fermentation in the Chyle, which is to be turned into Blood. For the sharp and salt Particles of the Chylus, together with the Veiny Blood impreg∣nated with that sharp Humor, falling into the Heart, too much augment the Fermentation; whence that vehement and disorderly Dilatation and Contra∣ction of the Heart, which causes that Inequality and strong beating of the Pulse.

III. Now in regard there are many fixed and thicker Particles mixed with the thinner Particles of that salt and sharp Humor, which cannot be so soon dissolved and attenuated in the Heart; therefore, while the Heart is busied in the Dissolution and Dilatation of them, the Pulse intermits for a stroke or two, whence arises the Faintness, for that no Spirits are forced to the Parts while the Pulse ceases.

IV. This vehement Palpitation lasts half an hour, because in that space all the Chylus of one Meal, or the great∣est part of it, is mixt with the Blood in the hollow Vein, and passes through the Heart, and the Remainders more or less, cause those slighter Palpitations af∣terwards.

V. Now the reason why that sharp Humor continually flowing with the Veiny Blood to the Heart, does not cause a continual Palpitation, is, because the Particles of the Blood and sharp Hu∣mor fermented in the Heart, are many times more equal, more mitigated, and less sharp, so that such vehement Effervescencies cannot be excited in the Heart, especially if they fall into the Ventricles by degrees, and in lesser quantity. But when the Body being heated by exercise, the Blood more co∣piously and rapidly passes through the Heart with its sharp Particles mixed with it, then the Heat encreasing, and the sharp Humors abounding, the Effervescency increases, and thence the vehement Palpitation, which abates up∣on Rest, and Diminution of the Heat, and extraordinary Motion of the Blood.

VI. This salt and sharp Humor is bred through a particular Depravity of the Spleen, and emptied out of it into the Liver, through the Spleenic Branch, where it is concocted with the sulphu∣rous Juice, and mixed in the hollow Vein with the Blood flowing to the Heart. The Vice of the Spleen is a depraved and salt ill Tempet, with some Obstruction, causing that trouble∣some Ponderosity.

VII. The Stomach still craves and di∣gests well, because it is not affected, be∣sides that, the same sharp Humors car∣ried with the Blood through the Arte∣ries to the Tunicles of it, raise a Fer∣mentation within it.

VIII. He sleeps well, but troubled with troublesome Dreams, because that Vapors ascending to the Brain do cause Sleep, but being somewhat sharp, they twitch the Membranes of the Brain, and the beginnings of the Nerves, and so disordering the Fancy, procure frightful Dreams.

IX. This Disease is dangerous, be∣cause the Heart is affected, and because the depraved Disposition of the Bowels is not so soon reformed.

X. The Cure aims at three things. 1. To correct the Depravity of the Spleen. 2. To attenuate and concoct the salt and sharp H•…•…mors in the Brain. 3. To corroborate the Heart.

XI. First then, let the Patient be three or four times purged with Pill. Cochiae, Hiera Pills, or Golden Pills, Electuary of Diaphoenicon, Hiera Picra, Confection Hamech, or Infusion of Senna Leaves, Agaric, &c.

XII. Afterwards let him take this A∣pozem.

℞. Roots of Elecampane, Fennel, an. ℥j. Of Capers, Tamarisch, an. ℥s. German∣der, Dodder, Fumitory, Borage, Mo∣therwort, Water Trefoil, an. M. j. Baum M. ij. Citron Rind, Iuniper Berries, an. ʒv. Fennel-seed ʒiij. Blew Currans ℥ij. Water and Wine equal Parts. Boil them to an Apozem of lbj. s.

XIII. After he has taken this, let him drink every Morning a Draught of this medicated Wine.

℞ Roots of Acorus, Elecampane an. ℥j. Of Capers and Tamarisch an. ʒij Water Tresoil, Germander, an. M. s Orange∣peels,

℥s. Iuniper Berries ʒvj. Choice Cinnamon ʒj. s. Cloves ℈j. Fennel-seed ʒij. Lucid Aloes, white Agaric an. ℈iiij. Make them into a Bag to be sleeped in Wine

XIV. In the Afternoon; let him take the quantity of a Nutmeg two or three times.

℞. Specier. Diambrae, Sweet Diamosch, an. ʒj. Orange-peel and Root of can∣dy'd Elecampane, Conserve of Anthos, of Flowers of Sage and Baum, an. ℥s. Syrup of Elecampane, q. s. for a Con∣ditement.

XV. Let him keep a good Diet up∣on Veal, Lamb, young Mutton, Pullets, Rabbets and Partridges, &c. The Broths of which, must be prepar'd with Rose∣mary, Borage, Baum, Betony, Hyssop, Calamint, creeping Thyme, Leaves of Lawrel, Root of wild Raddish, Rinds of Citron and Oranges, Seeds of Anise and Fennel, Nutmeg, Cinnamon, Cloves, Ginger, &c. Also gravelly River-fish, Turneps and new-laid Eggs. His Drink midling Ale, with a little Wine at Meals. Moderate Sleep and Exercise, and a soluble Belly.