The church-history of Brittany from the beginning of Christianity to the Norman conquest under Roman governours, Brittish kings, the English-Saxon heptarchy, the English-Saxon (and Danish) monarchy ... : from all which is evidently demonstrated that the present Roman Catholick religion hath from the beginning, without interruption or change been professed in this our island, &c. / by R.F., S. Cressy of the Holy Order of S. Benedict.

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Title
The church-history of Brittany from the beginning of Christianity to the Norman conquest under Roman governours, Brittish kings, the English-Saxon heptarchy, the English-Saxon (and Danish) monarchy ... : from all which is evidently demonstrated that the present Roman Catholick religion hath from the beginning, without interruption or change been professed in this our island, &c. / by R.F., S. Cressy of the Holy Order of S. Benedict.
Author
Cressy, Serenus, 1605-1674.
Publication
[Rouen :: For the author],
1668.
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Subject terms
Great Britain -- Church history -- 449-1066.
Link to this Item
http://name.umdl.umich.edu/A34964.0001.001
Cite this Item
"The church-history of Brittany from the beginning of Christianity to the Norman conquest under Roman governours, Brittish kings, the English-Saxon heptarchy, the English-Saxon (and Danish) monarchy ... : from all which is evidently demonstrated that the present Roman Catholick religion hath from the beginning, without interruption or change been professed in this our island, &c. / by R.F., S. Cressy of the Holy Order of S. Benedict." In the digital collection Early English Books Online. https://name.umdl.umich.edu/A34964.0001.001. University of Michigan Library Digital Collections. Accessed June 20, 2025.

Pages

XIII. CHAP.* 1.1

1.2. &c. A famous Church and Mona∣stery erected by King Lucius at Winche∣ster: with Possessions and Priviledges: which continued till the raign of Dio∣cletia.

6.7. Of what Institute the Monk in those days were.

9. Severall decays and restitutions of that Monastery.

1.* 1.2 THE Piety of King Lucius in the sixth year after his conversion did more gloriously shew it selfe in the foundation and plentifull endowment of a Church and Monastery at Winchester, then call'd Ventae Belgarum: Which Church, saith Bishop God∣win, was consecrated by Fugatius and Da∣mianus on the twenty ninth of October, in the year one hundred eighty nine.

2. Moratius a very ancient Authour, quo∣ted by Thomas Radburn,* 1.3 Harpsfeld, Bishop Vsher, &c. gives us a perfect description of this Church and Monastery: And first as touching the dimensions and bounds of it, he writes thus, as he is quoted by Thomas Radburn Bishop of S. Davids, The measure of the Church founded by King Lucius (according to Moratius in his first Book and second Chap∣ter) was in length two hundred and nine paces: in breadth fourscore paces, and in heighth nine∣ty two paces. From one corner crosse the Church to the opposite corner were one hundred and thirty paces. The situation of the Monastery on the East side of the Church towards the Temple of Con∣cord, was one hundred paces in length, and in

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breadth towards the New Temple of Apollo, orty. On the Northpart it was one hun∣dred and sixty paces in length, and ninety eight in breadth. On the West side of the Church there were in length one hundred and ninety, in breadth one hundred. On the south coast there were in length four hundred and fifty paces, and in breadth five hundred and eighty. On this side was seated the Episco∣pall Palace, as likewise the habitation of the Monks.

3. In the next place the same Authour Mo∣ratius describes the large possessions where∣with this Church and Monastery were endowed by King Lucius,* 1.4 saying, The li∣mits of their possessions were extended twelve miles round about the Citty of Winchester, reaching so far on every side: In which space there were on each quarter seated eight wealthy Villages. Now if one Church possessed so large 2 Territory, we may collect how richly all the Churches of Brittany were endowed even in those Primitive times.

4. The forementiond Thomas Rudborn in the greater Chronicle of the Church of Win∣chester further shews the speciall affection that King Lucius bore to that Church,* 1.5 and the Immunities which he bestowd on it, The glorious and most Christian King Lucius (saith he) perceiving how by the two holy men, Fu∣gatius and Duvianus, his Kingdom did wonder∣fully increase in the Worship of God taught by true Faith, and being therfore replenishd with great ioy, he converted to a better use the posses∣sions and territories formerly possess'd by the Temples of the Flamens, transferring them to the Churches of the Faithfull: and he not only added more and larger Mannors and lands, but advanced them likewise with all sorts of Privi∣ledges. And particularly touching the Church of Winchester, which in his affection he in a spe∣ciall manner preferd before others, he raisd it from the very foundations. And before he had perfected the whole work, he built a little habi∣tation, an Oratory, Dormitory and Refectory for the Monks design'd by him to dwell there. Ha∣ving finishd the entire building in the fifth year after his Conversion, the foresayd Prelats and Monks, Fugatius and Duvianus, dedicated it to the honour of our holy Saviour on the fourth of the Calends of November,* 1.6 in the year of Grace one hundred Sixty nine, and filld it with Monks, who devoutly served our Lord there: constituting the Abbot of the place a certain Monk called Dentus. The same excellent Prince likewise re∣solved to conferr on the Bishop and Monks of that Church of Winchester all the possessions and farms which anciently belonged to the Flamens of the same Citty, together with all their Priviledges and Immunities.

5. What those Priviledges were, the same Authour a little after thus declares,* 1.7 saying, The foresaid most Christian King Lucius bestow'd on the said Church newly founded by him the Suburbs of the Citty of Winchester, together with the Priviledge of Dunwallo Molmutius. Which Dunwallo (as Moratius, Gildas and Geffrey of Monmouth also testify) was the sixteenth King of the Brittains: And being extremely zealous in his Heathenish Super∣stition, he enacted Lawes, famous till the dayes of King William▪ the Conquerour under the Title of Molmutian Lawes; by which he or∣dained; That the Citties and Temples of their Idoll-Gods, as likewise the high wayes leading to them, together with the Farms of their Tenants and husbandmen should enioy the immunity of Sanctuary: Insomuch as if any Malefactour should seek refuge there, he might safely depart, though his adversary were present. Now by means of such endowments and Priviledges the Church of Winchester enioyd its possessions in all tranquillity, dayly singing the praises of God the space of one hun∣dred and two years, to wit, from the first year of the most Christian King Lucius (his Conversion) to the second year of the Tyrant Diocletian. Thus writeth this Au∣thour: though he faile somewhat in his Chronology: Which defect is rectified by the ancient Authour of the Book of An∣tiquities of the Church of Winchester,* 1.8 who numbers exactly one hundred years from King Lucius his Conversion to the first year of Diocletian, during which time the said Monks quietly served God in their Mona∣stery.

6. If any one have the curiosity to en∣quire what the Rule and Institut of these ancient Monks were, the foresaid Tho∣mas Rudburn will satisfy him, presently adding, That S. Faganus and Duvianus filld that Church with Monks devoutly serving and praising God, and profess'd according to the Rule delivered by S. Mark the Evange∣list.

7. Now the order and manner of the Rule prescribed by S. Mark is thus decla∣red by Cassianus an ancient Writer of the Church:* 1.9 In the beginning of the Christian Faith (saith he) a very few, and those of approved sanctity, were dignified with the Title of Monks. Which men as they receiv'd their Rule of living from S. Mark the Euan∣gelist, first Bishop of Alexandria of blessed Memory, they did not content themselves with retaining the order of living practis'd by the Primitive Christians, concerning which wee read in the Acts of the Apostles,* 1.10

That all the multitude of beleivers were of one soule: Neither did any one esteem that which he possessed to be his own: but they had all things common. For those who were posses∣sors of lands or houses, sold them, and brought the price, laying it at the Apostles feet: Which was divided to every one accor∣ding to their need. But besids this, the ancient Monks aspired to other practises more sublime.
For retiring themselves into the most secret places of the suburbs, there they lead a life so austere and with such rigorous abstinence, that even those who were

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strangers to Christian Religion were astonish'd at it: For with so wonderfull fervour they atten∣ded day and night to the reading of holy Scri∣pture, prayer and labouring with their hands, that neither the appetite, nor so much as thought of meat, did interrupt their abstinence, except every second or third day: and then they recei∣ved food, not to satisfie their desire, but meer ne∣cessity: And neither did they this till after Sun-set: so dividing their time, as to make the Light accompany the exercise of their spirituall Meditations, and darknes the care of their Bo∣dies. These, and besides these, many other more perfect and sublime were the practises of the An∣cient Monks. Thus Cassianus.

8. Such were the Monks who first pos∣sess'd the Church of Winchester: and in such holy exercises they continued till the Tem∣pest of the persecution raised by the Tyrant Diocletian dissipated them. After which in a short time they were restored, and the Church consecrated by Constantius Bishop of Winche∣ster, in the year of Grace three hundred and nine, taking its new name from S. Amphi∣balus, who together with Saint Alban was crow'nd with Martyrdom: at which time the Abbot was named Deodatus. Hence it is that Gildas, the most ancient of all our Hi∣storians, mentions it under that Title, where he relates how the sons of Mordred to avoyd the cruelty of Constantin fled thither: But in vain: For the Tyrant not regarding the Sanctity and Priviledge of the place, took the sons of Mordred,* 1.11 and murdred one of them be∣fore the Altar of the Church of S. Amphibalus at Winchester, whither he had fled for Sanctuary.

9. The same Church afterward suffred an∣other Ecclipse, when the barbarous Infidell-Saxons profan'd and layd wast all the sacred places of this Island. But not long after, the same Saxons, having by Gods mercy embraced that Faith which they formerly persecuted, repaired with advantage all the ruins they had made: And particularly this Church and Monastery of Winchester (called after∣wards de Hida) was restored with far grea∣ter splendour and magnificence, then ever before. And thus it, with the rest, continued for many Ages, fortified with the Charters of Kings, encreased by the Devotion of the people, secured by the Bulls of Popes, and the Curses of Prelats against all tyrannous usur∣pations, till by the schism, avarice, lust and fury of King Henry the eighth, more fatall to the Church then the savage cruelty of hea∣thenish Danes or Saxons, they were all swal∣low'd up at once in a common destruction. Thus the Prophecy of our blessed King Edward the Confessour was fulfilled,* 1.12 who in a Charter by him bestow'd on the Monastery of Westmin∣ster, concludes it with this clause, (Haec Char∣ta in sua libertate permanebit, quam diu Chri∣stiani nominis timor & amor in hac nostra gen∣te perseveraverit) that is, This our Charter shall remain in its full force and liberty, as long as the fear or love of the very name of Christianity shall continue in this our Na∣tion.

Notes

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