Hibernia anglicana, or, The history of Ireland, from the conquest thereof by the English, to this present time with an introductory discourse touching the ancient state of that kingdom and a new and exact map of the same / by Richard Cox ...

THE REIGN OF ELIZABETH QUEEN OF England, France, AND IRELAND. (Book Elizabeth)

ELIZABETH,* 1.1 the only surviving Child of Henry the Eighth, succeeded her deceased Sister Queen Mary, on the seventeenth day of No∣vember 1558. and in the five and twentieth year of her Age, the Parliament (who were all Papists) then sitting, she was by their com∣mon consent immediately Proclaimed Queen.

And though Mary and Elizabeth could not be both legiti∣mate, no more than their Father could have two Wives at once; for if the first Marriage and Dispensation were not good, then was Queen Mary spurious; and if they were valid, then was Elizabeth the Issue of an adulterous Bed; yet, by a rare Example of Fortune, they both enjoyed Suc∣cessively the Dominions of their Father, and Elizabeth suc∣ceeded as Heir to Mary.

But nothing in History is more strange, than that the Pa∣pists, who had the whole Power in their hands, should so peaceably accept of a Queen, who, according to their Do∣ctrine, and by Act of Parliament primo Mariae, was a Bastard,

and by Report was a Protestant, and not so much as make one Essay in behalf of the Queen of Scots, who was a Ca∣tholick Princess, and in their Opinions the right Heir.

But the true Reason was, because they believed Elizabeth would declare her self a Catholick, and also marry the King of Spain; both which Matters she managed so wisely, that even the King of Spain himself was deceived thereby, i•• per∣haps his Dread and Hatred of the Scots (the ancient Allies of France) did not prevail with him to favour Elizabeth, even though she should prove a Protestant, rather than see the English Crown placed on the Queen of Scotland, who had espoused the Interests of France, and was inseparably link∣ed to them.

Nevertheless, it must be confessed, That the Statesmen of that time, whose Interests and Designs were Popish, were much overseen, and did not build their Conjectures upon Reasons that were any thing solid; for it was Elizabeth's greatest Interest to regard her own Legitimacy; and it was notorious, that by marrying King Philip, her Sister's Hus∣band, she must justifie by her own example, the Marriage of Henry the Eighth with his Brothers Wife; and by submit∣ting to the Authority of the Pope, she must, at least tacitly, allow his Dispensation for the Marriage of Henry the Eighth and Princess Katherine; both which things would by conse∣quence bastardize her, and render her Reign and Life preca∣rious.

The Papists quickly perceived their Oversight, and to re∣deem that Error, fell into a worse, and refused to Crown their Sovereign, whom they had but a little before unani∣mously Proclaimed; but at length it was performed by Do∣ctor Oglethorp, Bishop of Carlisle, on Sunday the twenty fifth of January 1558.

Thomas Earl of Sussex was Lord Deputy of Ireland, and with an Army of one thousand three hundred and sixty Foot, and three hundred and twenty Horse had kept that Kingdom for some time in a more peaceable and quiet condition than usually; him the Queen continued for a while, and sent him Instructions written by Sir William Cecil's own hand (viz.)

That a new Survey should be made of all Lands Spiritual and Temporal, and no Leases to be made but on the best Sur∣vey.

Secondly,* 1.2 The Leases for Customs of Ports not to be re∣newed without increase of Rent.

Thirdly, Leix, Offaly, Irys, Glanmaliry, and Slewmarge, to be distributed according to Act of Parliament, to Tenants and their Heirs Males.

Fourthly, The Exchequer to be regulated according to that of England, and a Book about the Methods of the Ex∣chequer, Signed by the Queen, and subscribed by the Offi∣cers of that Court, was sent to the Deputy; but not long after he was recalled; and thereupon the Council elected

Sir Henry Sydny, Lord Deputy, whose Government was something troublesom by means of Shane O Neal, who took upon him the Name of O Neal, and disclaimed the English Jurisdiction, because by the Laws of England he could not inherit; for Henry the Eighth had given the Earldom of Ty∣rone to Con O Neal, with Remainder to his Son Matthew, whom, for the present he made Baron of Dungannon, as hath been already related. This Con had two Sons, Matthew and Shane; but Shane alledging that Matthew was a Bastard, and the Son of a Smith of Dundalk (as inded he had been repu∣ted for fifteen years) did claim the Inheritance; and having murthered his Brother Matthew, and imprisoned his own Fa∣ther, who thereupon died with grief, he set up for himself, and broke out into Rebellion.

The Lord Deputy marched to Dundalk, to fortifie and de∣fend the English Pale, and sent for Shane O Neal (who lay at a House of his six Mile from Dundalk) to come to him thither; but Shane desired to be excused, and prayed that the Lord Deputy would be pleas'd to be his Gossip, and that then he would come and do all that should be requisite for her Majesties Service; and though this seem'd dishonourable, that the Deputy should be Gossip to a Rebel before Submissi∣on, yet the necessity of the Queens Affairs required it, and therefore he consented, and on the last day of January he and James Wingfield Christned the Child.

After the Solemnity was over, the Deputy expostulated with Shane about his Rebellion; O Neal alledged the Bastar∣dy of Matthew—and that Con's Surrender was void, be∣cause he had but an Estate for Life in his Principality, nor could have more by the Law of Tanistry, nor could surren∣der but by consent of the Lords of his Country, and that even by the English Laws the Letters Patens were void, be∣cause there was no Inquisition taken before they were pass'd, nor could there be any Inquisition till Tyrone were made Shire-ground; That he was elected O Neal by the Country according to custom, and that he is the legitimate Son and Heir of his Father, and that his Title to all he claims, is by Prescription. The Deputy replied, That the Matter was of great moment, and that he doubted not but that the Queen would do what was right and just; and therefore advised him to a quiet and loyal Deportment till her Majesties Plea∣sure were known, and so they parted in a friendly manner;

and by this means Shane O Neal continued pretty quiet du∣ring this Deputy's Government; but on the twenty seventh of August

Thomas, Earl of Sussex,* 1.3 Knight of the Garter came over, Lord Lieutenant,* 1.4 says Burlace; Lord Deputy, says the Sta∣tute-Book; He arrived at Bullock, and was sworn in Christ-Church, on the thirtieth day of August. His Instructions bear Date the tenth of May, and are to this effect;

First, That the Army (or rather Garrison) shall be three hundred twenty six Horse, eight hundred sixty four Foot, and three hundred Kern.

Secondly, That Port-Corn shall be reserved towards victu∣alling the Army.

Thirdly, That he endeavour to People Ʋlster with English, and to recover L••cale, Newry, and Carlingford from the Scots, and to recompence Sir Nicholas Bagnal for his Interest in Ʋl∣ster.

Fourthly,* 1.5 That Mac Cartymore be ordered to hold his E∣state after the English manner, as the Earls of Thomond and Clanrickard do. And he had also other Instructions to him and the Council, to set up the Worship of God, as it is in England, and to make such Statutes next Parliament as were lately made in England, mutatis mutandis, and to dispose of Leix and Offaly to the best Advantage of the Queen and the Country.

This Lord Deputy held a Parliament at Dublin, on the twelfth day of January, which enacted the following Laws; and then was dissolved on the twelfth of February.

First, That the ancient Jurisdiction over the State Ecclesi∣astical and Spiritual be restored to the Crown—And Foreign Authority abolished; and that the Acts of Appeals and Facul∣ties be revived; and also as much of the Act of Marriage as concerns Consanguinity—And the Act of Repeal made the 3 and 4 Philip and Mary repealed—And an Act of 3 and 4 Philip and Mary, to revive three Statutes concerning Heresie; and the three Statutes therein named be repealed, except so much thereof as concerns Premunire—And that the Queen and her Successors may appoint Commissioners to exercise Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction—And that all Officers and Mi∣nisters Ecclesiastical or Lay, all Ecclesiastical Persons, and every one that has the Queen's Wages, shall take the Oath of Supremacy, on pain of losing his Office—And shall be uncapable to take any Office Ecclesiastical or Temporal, if he obstinately refuses the Oath tendered to him—He that sues Livery or takes Orders, must take the Oath—And a Penitent, upon taking the Oath, shall be restored to his Office of Inheritance.

He that shall extol, maintain or advance Foreign Jurisdi∣ction, shall for the first Offence lose his Goods; and if they be not worth twenty Pound, then a Years Imprisonment without Bail besides; and if it be an Ecclesiastical Person, shall likewise lose all his Benefices, and the second Offence to be Premunire, and the third High-Treason, provided the Prose∣cution for Words be within half a Year after the speaking: Nothing shall be adjudged Heresie but what has been so by the Scripture, first four General Councils, or some other Ge∣neral Council, by express Words of Scripture, or shall be by Act of Parliament—That there must be two Witnesses— And that no Man be esteemed as Accessary till two Witnesses prove he knew the guilt of the Principal before he relieved him, &c.

Secondly, An Act for Uniformity of Common-Prayer.

Thirdly, An Act for Restitution of the First-Fruits and twentieth part of Spiritual Benefices to the Crown.

Fourthly, An Act for consecrating Archbishops and Bi∣shops.* 1.6 And it is observed by Archbishop Bramhal, That no Papists ever did or could make the least Objection against the Ordination of the Protestant Bishops in Ireland: For besides that, Archbishop Brown, (the first Protestant Bishop in Ire∣land) was ordained by the Bishops of Canterbury, Rochester and Salisbury, and many of the Irish Bishops were ordained by Brown: The very Popish Bishops did assist at the Conse∣cration of most of the Protestant Bishops, and complied with the Government, and kept their Sees until they had sacrilegi∣ously betrayed the Church, and alienated most of its Posses∣sions, one Bishoprick being left so poor that it had but forty Shillings per annum,* 1.7 and another but five Mark—Thus Loftus Archbishop of Armagh was consecrated by the Popish Arch∣bishop Curwin;* 1.8 Thomas Lancaster, the first Protestant Bishop of Kildare,* 1.9 was consecrated by Archbishop Brown; and John Merriman,* 1.10 the first Protestant Bishop of Down and Connor, was consecrated by Lancaster, when Primate; Bale, Bishop of Ossory, was consecrated by the Popish Bishops of Armagh, Kildare and Down; Casy, Bishop of Limerick was consecrated by Archbishop Browne, assisted by the Popish Bishops of Kil∣dare, Ferns and Leighlin, &c.

Fifthly, An Act of Recognition of the Queen's title.

Sixthly, That it be Premunire to say the Queen has no Right to the Crown, and Treason to write it.

Seventhly, That the Priory of S. John of Jerusalem be united to the Crown.

The Parliament being dissolved the Deputy went immedi∣ately to England, to give an Account thereof, and by the Queen's Orders substituted

Sir William Fitz Williams,* 1.11 Lord Deputy; he was sworn in Christ Church on the fifteenth of February, and his Patent bears date at Westminster the eighteenth day of January, 2 Eliz. In his time Shane O Neal broke out again into Rebellion,* 1.12 and overthrew O Reyly in the Field, and took Calagh O Donel (Lord or Chief of Tyrconnel) Prisoner together with his Wife and Children, and afterwards lived with her in Adul∣tery and kept her by Force, and he seized upon O Donel's Castles, Lands and Goods, and in all things behaved himself as King of Ʋlster:* 1.13 And about the same time Money, which in King Henry the Eighth his Days was much debased, was raised near to the intrinsick value, and Sterling Money was stamped, but it was made currant at a fourth part more than it passed for in England, so that an English nine Pence was twelve Pence Irish, and so it continued until the Year 1601. when her Majesty's vast Expence in Ireland forced her (by the Advice of the Lord Buckhurst) to mingle Brass with the Silver, which was therefore called mixt Monies, but the Go∣vernment then was so steady, that the Soldiers suffered it without Mutiny, although it was of infinite Prejudice to them. But to proceed,

Thomas Earl of Sussex came over again Lord Lieutenant,* 1.14 I suppose in April, for on the seventh of May the Queen sent him Orders, to perswade the Earl of Kildare to go to Eng∣land; and that the Queen would lend him Money in England on his Bond; and if the Earl refused, then the Lord Lieu∣nant was to shew him the Queen's positive Commands to that effect; and if he still declined the Voyage, then the Lord Lieutenant was to apprehend him.

This Lord Lieutenant brought with him new Instructions,* 1.15

• 1. To build Castles in Leix and Offaly, and to people those Countries, by granting Estates to the Planters, and their Heirs Males.
• 2. To settle Ʋlster, and to admit Surleboy, Tenant to the Lands he claims in Fee, binding him to contribute to the Pub∣lick Service.
• 3. To reduce Shane O Neal by force or otherwise.
• 4. To invest the Baron of Dungannon in the Earldom of Tyrone, if the Lord Lieutenant think fit.
• 5. To apprehend the O Brians that oppose the Earl of Tho∣mond.
• 6. To make the Clerk of the Council Secretary of State.
• 7. To make a Statute of Uses next Parliament.
• 8. To grant Estates Tayl by Patent to all the Irish that will surrender.
• 9. To reserve the best Rent that was at any time hereto∣fore reserved on the Crown Leases, and the Tenant to find a

• Horseman for every forty Pound Rent, and a Footman for every six Pound thirteen Shillings and four Pence, and if any Lease be voidable, to let the Tenant renew, increasing his Rent according to the best Survey.
• 10. To augment the Revenue in granting of Wards, and making them sue Livery; and to collect and print the neces∣sary Statutes.

It seems this Lord Lieutenant managed his Affairs well in Ʋlster,* 1.16 although the Particulars are not recorded any where that I could find,* 1.17 for on the sixth day of January Shane O Neal made his Submission to him; and thereupon, on the twenty second of the same Month he went to England, leaving

Sir William Fitz Williams Lord Justice,* 1.18 who was sworn on the second Day of February, and continued until the twen∣ty fourth day of July; and then

Thomas Earl of Sussex, Lord Lieutenant, returned again; and finding that the inconstant Shane O Neal had apostatized into Rebellion, he prepared as fast as he could to reduce him to Obedience, but the Winter approaching so near, he was forced to adjourn his Design till the Spring; and then, on the first day of April he set forward,* 1.19 and on the ninth there hap∣ned a Fray between some Kirne in his Camp, to the Slaugh∣ter of two or three of them, but the Lord Lieutenant, by his Authority, composed that Matter. On the thirteenth of April the English discovered an Ambush, laid by Shane O Neal; and fell upon them, so that one and twenty of the Rebels were killed. On the sixteenth the Lord Lieutenant passed over the Blackwater, and took a Prey of two hundred Kine: And on the twenty sixth he came back to Dundalk. On the first of June he advanced again to Dungannon, and quartered there; and the next day came to Tulloghoge; and undestanding that O Neale and his Party were in a Fastness not far off, the En∣glish attacked them, and drove them farther into the Woods: And on the third of June the English took eighty Cattle and killed four or five Rebels: And on the fourth the Army return∣ed to Armagh: And on the sixth day of June they took a Prey of three thousand Kine, and one thousand five hundred Garons and Mares, which were divided among the Soldiers▪ and so the Army returned to Drogheda.

Hereupon O Neal being shrewdly terrified,* 1.20 and being also advised by the Earl of Kildare, made his Submission to the Lord Lieutenant, and promised to do the like in England; which he performed in the presence of the Embassadors of Sweden and Savoy; and upon his, Promise of amendment he was taken into Favour, and the Queen gave him some Pre∣sents, and lent him two thousand five hundred Pound; and ordered Sir Thomas Worth and Sir Nicholas Arnold, whom

she sent Commissioners into Ireland, to establish a College at St. Patrick's Church, &c. to make an Enquiry about a Com∣plaint that O Neal had made, That one John Smith had de∣sign'd or attempted to poyson him.

After his Return home, he behaved himself civilly and loyally for some time; he assail'd the Scots, and slew their Captain James Mac Conal, and drove them out of Ʋlster; he protected the poor from Injury, and was orderly in every thing except his Tyranny over the Lords and Gentlemen of Ʋlster, whom he challenged to be his Vassals.

Whereupon, Macguire and others complained to the Go∣vernment; but O Neal disdaining to have his Princely Claim tried in a Court, grows enraged at Macguire, for putting the Dilemma upon him, either of running into Rebellion again, or submitting his Title to the Lord Lieutenant's determina∣tion,* 1.21 and in this Fury O Neal invades Fermanagh, expels Mac∣guire, burns the Cathedral Church of Armagh, and besieges Dundalk; but the Valour of the Garrison preserved the place, till William Sarsfield Mayor of Dublin, and a choice Band of Citizens raised the Siege; nevertheless O Neal spoil'd and wasted the adjacent Country.

The Lord Lieut, to revenge this, proceeded briskly against O Neal;* 1.22 but before he could bring his Designs to perfection, he was recalled; in his time the Country of Annaly was made Shire-Ground, and is called the County of Longford, and Connaught was divided into six Counties, Clare, Galwey, Sligo, Mayo, Letrim and Roscomon; he also erected a kind of a Post-Office for the better Correspondence between Eng∣land and Ireland:* 1.23 And yet there are some, who (not with∣out probability) attribute these good Works to Sir Henry Sydny.

On the first of February there hapned a bloody Conflict between the Earls of Ormond and Desmond,* 1.24 at Athmean or Affane in the County of Waterford, where the latter lost two hundred and eighty of his Men; but not long after the Lord Lieutenant was recalled, and

Sir Nicholas Arnold,* 1.25 Lord Justice, was sworn the twenty fifth of May, and had an Army, or rather a Garrison of fif∣teen hundred and ninety six Soldiers; with which he made a shift to keep what he had; but he did not enjoy that Ho∣nour long, before

Sir Henry Sydny, Knight of the Garter, Lord President of Wales, came over Lord Deputy; he Landed on the thir∣teenth of January, and was sworn the next Sunday after, be∣ing the twentieth; he was received with great joy, being a Person, of whose excellent Government that Kingdom had long Experience; and when he received the Sword, he made

an eloquent and pithy Speech, to this effect; setting forth what a precious thing good Government is, and how all Realms, Commonwealths, Cities and Countries do flourish and prosper,* 1.26 where the same is orderly, in quiet Justice and Wisdom directed and governed.

Secondly, What a continual Care the Queens Highness hath had and yet hath, not only for the good guiding and ru∣ling of the Realm of England, but also of Ireland; which she so earnestly desireth and wisheth to be preserved, as well in Peace as in War: That she hath made great Choice from time to time, of the most Grave, Wise and Expert Coun∣sellors for the one, and the most Valiant, Skilful and ex∣pert Men of Arms for the other. That both in Peace and Wars, the publick State of the Commonwealth, and every Member therein might be conserved, defended and kept in Safety under her Government. And for the performance thereof, her Majesty over and besides the Revenues of the Crown of Ireland, did yearly far above any of her Proge∣nitors, expend of her own Coffers out of England, great Masses of Money amounting to many thousand Pounds: All which her excessive Expences and continual Cares, she made the less Account of, so that her Realm and Subjects of Ireland might be preserved, defended and governed.

Lastly, Notwithstanding her Majesty might have made better Choice of many others, who were better able to hold her Place in this Realm, both for Honour, Wisdom and Experience; yet her Pleasure was now to cast this heavy Charge and Burden upon him: Which he was the more un∣willing to take upon him, because the greater the Charge was, the more unable and weak he was to sustain the same; nevertheless, being in good hope, and well promised of her Highnesses Favour and Countenance in his well-doings, and having his Confidence in them, her Highnesses Counsellors assciated to him, to join Aid, and assist him in this Govern∣ment, he was, and is the more ready to take the Sword in Hand, in hope that this his Government shall be to the Glory of God, the Honour of her Majesty, the Benefit of the Commonwealth, and the Preservation of the whole Realm, and People of the same: And so making his earnest Re∣quest to the said Lords present, for their conjoyning with him, and the aiding and assisting of him in this her Maje∣sties Service, he made an end of his Speech.

This Lord Deputy brought with him Instructions, Signed by the Queen, on the Fifth day of October 1565, and were to this Effect;

First, That a Privy Council be named, and established, and sworn before the Lord Deputy, as is usual; and he was

directed to consult and use their Advice, and they were to respect and reverence his Quality, and both to conspire the Good of the Realm.

Secondly,* 1.27 That Religion and Knowledge of the Scriptures should be propagated and encouraged by Doctrine, Exam∣ple, &c. And the Church-Lands and Estates preserved from Waste and Alienation.

Thirdly, That the Law be administred uprightly, and in∣sufficient Judges and Officers removed, and a Sheriff placed in every County.

Fourthly, That the Army be kept orderly, not oppres∣sing the Subject; that Musters be once a Month, and Enqui∣ry made whether the Soldiers be Englishmen or not, and how paid.

Fifthly, That Care be taken of the Revenues of the Crown.

The Privy Council being sworn, they consulted the State of the Kingdom; which they found in this miserable con∣dition;

The Pale was over-run with Thieves and Robbers, the Countriman so poor, that he had neither Horse, Arms, nor Victuals for himself; and the Souldier so beggarly, that they could not live without oppressing the Subject; for want of Discipline they were grown insolent, loose and idle; and which rendred them suspected to the State, they were allied by Marriage to the Irish, and intimate with them in Conver∣sation.

Leenster was harrass'd by the Tools, Birns, Kinshelaghs, O Morroghs, Cavenaghs, and O Moors; but especially the Coun∣ty of Kilkenny was almost desola••e.

Munster, by the Dissentions between the Earls of Des∣mond and Ormond, was almost ruined; especially Tipperary and Kerry; the Barony of Ormond was over-run by Pierce Grace, and Thomond was as bad as the rest by the Wars be∣tween Sir Daniel O Bryan and the Earl of Thomond.

Connaught was almost wasted by the Fewds between the Earl of Clanrickard and Mac William Outer, and other losser Contests: And Ʋlster, which for some time had been the Re∣ceptacle and Magazine of all the Preys and Plundcr go••••en out of the other Provinces, and so was riches than the rest, was in open Rebellion under Shane O Neal.

As for Religion,* 1.28 these was but small Appearance of it; the Churches uncovered, and the Clergy scattered, and scarce the Being of a God known to those ignorant and barbarous People; therefore for the present it was resolved to fortifie the Pale against O Neal, and to remedy the rest of the Mis∣chiefs as fast as they could

Ormond and Desmond were now in England, bandying their Cause before the Queen and Council; but they differing in Matter of Fact, it was necessary to examine their respective Witnesses by Commission in Ireland; and upon return there∣of, the Queen undertook to determine their Controversies, and the Earls were by Recognizances in Chancery of twenty thousand Pounds bound to stand to the Queens Award.

But whilst this was doing,* 1.29 Sir John of Desmond, with great violence and outrage invaded and fired part of Ormond's E∣state, and killed his Brother; which nevertheless did not hinder but that this Matter was afterwards appeased.

Mac Carthy More, the Chief of that Name, a great Lord of Munster, went over to the Queen, and surrendred his great Estate unto her, which she reconveyed to him by Let∣ters Patents; and when he had sworn Fealty, she paid the Charges of his Journey, and made him Earl of Glencar, and Baron of Valentia, on the twenty fourth day of June 1565. and on the eighteenth day of July O Sullevan Bear likewise took a Patent for his Estate,* 1.30 wherein was inserted a Proviso, That he pay such Rents and Services as are due to the Earl of Glencar.

But that the Reader may perceive the Slavery of that Age and Nation, I will shew him by what Services O Sullivan More (who was himself a great Lord, and is by the Irish stiled Prince of Dunkerran) held his Estate of Mac Carthy More: Which were as followeth;

First, To aid him with his whole Strength on Summons, and to be the Marshal of his Army.

Secondly, Every Arable Plow-land to pay five Gallow-glass or Kern, or six shillings eight pence, or a Beef for each, at the Election of Mac Carty More.

Thirdly, That Mac Carty shall have half a Crown for eve∣ry Ship that comes to Fish or Merchandize in O Sullevan's Harbors.

Fourthly, To have Merchandizes brought thither at the same Rate as O Sullevan has his.

Fifthly, To entertain Mac Carty More and his Train two Days and Nights at Dunboy, and at all other times he has oc∣casion to travel that way, to entertain Mac Carty and his Body-Servants, and to quarter the rest on the Country.

Sixthly, He is to send Horse meat to Palli••e; for Mac Car∣ty's Saddle Horses, and pay the Groom three shillings four four pence out of every arable Plow-land.

Lastly, He must find the Hounds, Grey-hounds and Spa∣niels of Mac Carty, whenever they come, and one shilling and eight pence per annum to the Huntsman out of every ara∣ble Plow-land. But to proceed;

Shane O Neal was so much dissatisfied at the Nobilitating of Mac Carty, that he carried himself exceeding arrogantly, despising the English Titles of Honour; and to Commission∣ers that were sent to parly with him,* 1.31 he said, That though the Queen were his Sovereign Lady, yet he never made Peace with her but at her seeking: And, That she had made a wise Earl of Mac Carty More; but that he kept as good a Man as he: That he cared not for so mean a Title as an Earl:* 1.32 That his Blood and Power was better than the best; and that therefore he would give Place to none of them: That his Ancestors were Kings of Ulster: That he won Ulster by the Sword, and would keep it by the Sword: Which for some time he performed; but he kept it not long.

The Queen sent Sir Francis Knolls, her Vice-Chamberlain, to confer with the Deputy about the Suppression of O Neal: He arrived at Dublin the seventh day of May, and they re∣solved the Service should be performed the following Winter, and that necessary Preparations should be made for it against that time.

In the mean time, O Neal Rendezvouz'd at his House, six Mile from Dundalk, and Mustered four thousand Foot, and seven hundred Horse, with which he besieged Dundalk; but the Garrison so valiantly defended it, that he was forced shamefully to raise his Siege; nor had he better Success at Whites-Castle; nevertheless he made Inroads and Incursions into the Pale, and did much mischief, though a small Bri∣gade, appointed to watch his Proceedings, did so gall and in∣commode him, that he was forced to return with shame and loss.

But we must look back to July 1565;* 1.33 at which time, the Army did not exceed twelve hundred Men, until Colonel Randolph, with seven hundred Souldiers, was sent from Eng∣land to Derry, and there they intrenched, and kept them∣selves safe until the Lord Deputy (Sydny) came to them; and having staid there six days, and put things in as good order as was possible, he left them fifty Horse under Captain Harvy, and seven hundred Foot, under Captain Cornwal, and a competent quantity of Ammunition, Victuals, and other Necessaries, and so returned through Tyrconnel and Connaught, to Dublin.

But O Neal very well knew that he should not be quiet in Ʋlster, if he suffered that Garrison at Derry; and therefore, in October 1585. he incamped within two Mile of Derry with two thousand five hundred Foot, and three hundred Horse, and made many Bravadoes to entice and draw them out from their Garrison; and accordingly it hapned, but with other Success than O Neal expected:

For Colonel Randolph sallied out with three hundred Foot and fifty Horse, and having made an Halt on the Ground where he designed to fight, he there received the Enemies Charge, and then fell upon them so suriously, that he soon put the Rebels to flight, and made them leave four hundred of their Companions dead on the Place, without the loss of one Man on the English side, except only the Colonel himself, who was there slain.

Colonel Saintlow succeeded him in the Command of the Garrison, and lived as quietly as could be desired; for the Rebels were so daunted by the former Defea••, that they did not dare to make any new Attempt;* 1.34 but unluckily, on the twenty fourth day of April, the Ammunition took Fire, and blew up both the Town and the Fort of Derry, whereby twenty Men were killed, and all the Victuals and Provisions were destroyed, and no possibility left of getting more; so that the Soldiers were necessitated to imbark for Dublin; only Captain George Harvy and his Troop, being loth to kill their Horses, took a resolution to march round through Tyr∣connel and Connaught, and valiantly performed it; and al∣though they were forced to march four days through an Ene∣mies Country, and were all that time pursued by a multi∣tude of Rebels, yet they got safe to Dublin, to the great ad∣miration of the Lord Deputy and Council.

But Mr. Sullevan makes a pleasant Story of this,* 1.35 and tells us, That Saint Columbus, or Columkille, the Founder and Tu∣telar Saint of Derry, was impatient at the Prophanation of his Church and Cell by the Hereticks, the one being made the Repository of the Ammunition, and the other being used for their Lutheran Worship; and therefore to be revenged on the English for this Sacrilege, the Saint assumed the shape of a Wolf, and came out from an adjacent Wood, and passing by a Smith's Forge, he took his Mouth full of red hot coals, and ran with it to the Magazine, and fiercely spit the Fire into the Room where the Ammunition lay, and so set all on fire, and forced the Hereticks to seek for new Quarters.

It seems that Shane O Neal had desired to have a Conference with the L. Deputy near Dundalk; to which the L. Deputy con∣sented, and came accordingly on the 6th day of May, and staid five days; but whether Shane O Neal's Mind was altered by this Accident at Derry,* 1.36 or what other Impediment he met with, I cannot find, but it is certain that he did not come, and that he gave the Lord Deputy a second Disappointment in July following.

But whilst the Lord Deputy was hastning his Preparations to force O Neal to his Duty, he received alarms from Mun∣ster,

That the Earl of Desmond was in the Field with two thousand Men, and that he designed to joyn O Neal, or give the Lord Deputy a Diversion in Munster; and it was true that the Earl of Desmond was in the Field with that Force; but his Design was to revenge private Injuries, which he pretended to have received from the Earl of Ormond, the Lords Barry, Roch and others; and therefore on the Lord Deputy's Sum∣mons he appeared at Dublin, and together with the Lords Dunboyne and Poer, he did according to Order, bring up one hundred Horse, and accompanied Sir Warham Saintleger, to guard the Borders of the Pale, whilst the Lord Deputy made the following Expedition to Ʋlster.

The Lord Deputy, accompanied with the Earl of Kildare,* 1.37 and such others as he thought fit, did set out from Tredagh on the seventeenth day of September, and encamped that Night at Rosskeath, and so marched through Ʋlster to Galway, where he established Sir Edward Fitton President of Connaught; and he also took the Castle of Roscommon, and left Thomas Lestrange and twenty Horsemen to garrison it, and then marched to Athlone, where he came on the twenty sixth of October, and there discharged the Army, and gave Order to build the Bridge of Athlone,* 1.38 In this Journey the Rebels ne∣ver appeared, except once by a Wood near Clogher, where they had a small Skirmish, wherein several were hurt, but never an Englishman slain;* 1.39 as also they appeared with a great Body of Men near Turlogh Lynogh's Castle called the Salmon,* 1.40 but made no attack.

The Deputy in this Journey restored O Donel to the Pos∣session of his Country, and particularly to the Castles of Ballyshanon and Donegal, and received his Homage by Inden∣ture and Oath, reserving two hundred Marks per annum to the Queen, and a number of Men to every general Hosting in Ʋlster: He also received the Submissions of several that were weary of the Tyranny of O Neal, and restored Rosscom∣mon Castle, which had been one hundred and forty Years in the Rebels Possession, and took O Counot Sligo's Submission, and O Connor Dun's, Offlyn's, &c. all which yielded to pay Rent, &c. And so he retrieved to the Crown a County eighty Miles long and 48 Miles broad, without the Loss of one Man in Battle.

The Army being dissolved at Athlone, the Deputy took care to place Garrisons in the Frontiers of the Pale: And it was well he did, for soon after the Deputy's Return O Neal, in ostentation of his Power, invaded the Pale, and wasted the Country with Fire and Sword; and at length besieged Dundalk, but was again repulsed with Shame and Loss.

In the mean time the Deputy had ruined O Neal, without much fighting, for he not only deprived him of the great Tract of Land aforesaid, but also of many of his Dependen∣ces, particularly of Macguire, a great Man in that Country; also Alexander xge and Mac Donel, and the Scots offered their Service against him on the one side, as O Donel did on the other: Nor was Turlogh Lynagh less troublesome to him than the rest. Besides, there were four Regiments in the Fronti∣ers, that daily infested him: and the Deputy (who in Per∣son made many Incursions into O Neal's Country, and conti∣nued about the Borders of the Pale to that intent) on the thir∣tieth day of December issued out of Tredagh,* 1.41 and took a Prey of two thousand Cows and five hundred Garrons, so that O Neal was distressed on every side, and brought to so low a Condition, that he once designed to come with a Halter about his Neck, and submit to the Deputy.

But partly his Guilt, and partly the Advice of his Friends, and the Hopes he had to perswade the Scots to his Aid, di∣verted him from that Resolution, and engaged him in a Jour∣ney to Clandeboy, where Alexander Oge and six hundred Scots lay encamped: And the more to ingratiate himself with them, he enlarged Surly Buy (Alexander's Brother) whom he had for some time kept Prisoner; but the Scots were as fly as he, and pretended very fair to him,* 1.42 till they had got him and O Donel's Wife, and their Attendants into their Pow∣er, and then, in Revenge of the Death of the aforesaid James Mac Conel, and the Injuries he had done the Scots anno 1564. and in Expectation of a Reward from the State, they fell upon and murdered Shane O Neal and all his Company, on the twenty second of June, 1567. and sent his Head to the Deputy,* 1.43 pickled in a Pipkin; and it was afterwards set upon a Pole, on the Top of the Castle of Dublin.

This Shane O Neal was a cunning, subtil Man in his way, but he could not write, or speak English but very Imperfect∣ly;* 1.44 he was so great a Sot, that he had at once two Hundred Tun of Wine in his Cellar at Dundrun; whereof, and of Ʋs∣quebagh, he would drink to that excess, that to cool him, he would be put into a Pit,* 1.45 and the Earth cast round him up to his Chin, and so he remain'd, as it were buried alive, till his Body were in better Temper. This Shane O Neal is re∣corded to be the proudest Man upon Earth; he pretended to be King of Vlster, and had six hundred Armed Men for his Guard, and had ready for the Field four thousand Foot, and a thousand Horse; he trained up his Tenants to the Use of Weapons, and claimed a Superiority over all the Lords in Ʋlster.

But we must look back to the Year 1566, and we shall find, That the Earl of Desmond, notwithstanding the Defeat given him by the Earl of Ormond, by Drumelin, continued his Outrages, so that about Christmas the L. Deputy received Orders from the Queen (grounded upon the complaints of the E. of Ormond) that he should immediately march into Munster, and take some course with the Earl of Desmond; and accord∣ingly the Lord Deputy marched in January with some Troops for his Guard, and staid three Months in Munster; and ha∣ving heard the Complaints made against the Earl of Des∣mond, and his Defence, he adjudged the Matter against that Earl, and made an Order, that Desmond should make amends for the Trespasses he had committed; which Des∣mond refusing to do, the Deputy had him apprehended and imprisoned at Kilmallock, and by the help of three hundred Citizens from Limerick, had him safely conveyed to that City, where he was Indicted of High Treason, for Levying War against the Queen, and his Brother John was Knighted, and made Seneschal of Desmond, and for a while behaved himself so well, that in three Months time he made repara∣tion to the People his Brother (the Earl) had injured, to the value of three thousand Pounds; nevertheless the Earl of Ormond was not pleased with this Preferment of Sir John Desmond, as one who plainly foresaw, that he would in time prove as troublesom as his Brother.

But the Lord Deputy being tired with the Complaints of Oliver Sutton, a Gentleman of the Pale, against the Earl of Kildare, and others, and the Accusations preferred by the Lady of Dunboyn, Mac Brian Ara, Oliver Fitz Girald, and others, against Sir Edmond Butler, and Pierce his Brother, was an earnest Suitor, That a Lord Chancellor fitly qualified might be sent over to determine some of those Differences; and accordingly Dr. Weston, Dean of the Arches, was made Lord Chancellor, and arrived at Dublin in July,* 1.46 and execu∣ted that Office, to the great ease of the Lord Deputy, and to the satisfaction of the People: He also brought Letters, advising the Lord Deputy to take care that Shane O Neal's Son (who was Hostage for his Father's Loyalty) should be safely kept in the Castle of Dublin, which now, upon the Death of Shane, was diligently observed.

The Lord Deputy sent a Messenger to the English Garri∣sons, with the News of Shane O Neal's Death; and imme∣diately marched to Ʋlster, and incamped in the Heart of the Country, and there Turlogh Lynogh, and the rest of the Com∣petitors for the Captainry of Tirone, came to him, and made their Submissions, and most of the Gentry of Ʋlster did the like: And so the Deputy having setled that Province as well

as was possible, after many pithy Exhortations to Peace and Obedience, and a Promise to send Commissioners amongst them to decide all Controversies, except those rela∣ting to Homicide and Free-hold, he returned to Dublin with the applause of the People; and at Dublin he received the Submission of the O Reylyes, by Indenture, on the twenty eighth of November, and about the same time beautified the Castle of Dublin with stately additional Buildings, which yet remain.

But howsoever these good Services were relished in Ire∣land, where the Fruits of them were felt and perceived, yet in England they were so little regarded, that no mention was made of them in any of the Publick Dispatches; but on the contrary, the Publick Letters to the Deputy, were full of Reprimands and sharp Reflections, because of the Insolen∣cies of the Earl of Desmond; and therefore the Lord Deputy did endeavour his own Revocation; and at length prevailed to get Licence to go for England; he carried with him the Earl of Desmond, the Baron of Dungannon, O Connor Sligo, O Carol, and others: When he came to Hampton-Court, with two hundred Gentlemen in his Train, it hapned that the Queen was looking out at the Window,* 1.47 and seeing such a Multitude, she was thereat surprized, until she was told, it was the Lord Deputy of Ireland; and then she replied, It was well enough; for he had two of the best Offices in the King∣dom. And being come in, he was well received for the pre∣sent by the Queen; but after a while, was told by some of the Courtiers, That the Scussle in Ulster was not worthy to be called a War, since the principal Rebel (Shane O Neal) was but a Beg∣gar and an Outlaw. However, the Earl of Desmond and O Con∣nor were clapt up in the Tower, and Sir John of Desmond was sent for, and imprisoned in the same place.

But O Connor,* 1.48 by Indenture made his Submission to the Queen,* 1.49 and thereupon was enlarged; and the next Year, viz. the twelfth of July 1568, the Earl of Desmond submitted in most humble manner, and laid all his Estate at her Majesties Feet, and promised to convey what part she should be pleas∣ed to take of it, and acknowledges to have forfeited a Re∣cognizance of twenty thousand Pounds, which he had for∣merly made to the Queen, as hath been already related. But when Sydny went to England, he left

Doctor Weston, Lord Chancellor, and Sir William Fitz-Williams, Treasurer at Wars, Lords Justices by Commission under the Great Seal of Ireland, Dated the fourteenth Day of October: In their time, private Quarrels did swell almost into publick Wars; for not only Sir Edmond Butler and Pierce Grace did invade Oliver Fitz Girald's Territories with

great Fury, but also the O Connors and O Mores (who were Proclaimed Traytors) did now appear in the Field with a thousand Gallowglasses, and threatned to spoil O Carol's Coun∣try and to burn Kilkenny, and the Defendants, being in no good condition to resist, did in vain importune the Government for Assistance.

Moreover, Daniel Mac Carty More, despising his Title of Earl of Glencar, assumed the Title of King of Munster, and having confederated with O Sullevan More, Mac Swiny, and others; he invaded the Lord Roche's Country with Banners displayed, and destroyed all the Corn, together with seven Hundred Sheep, and killed many Men, Women and Chil∣dren, and carried away fifteen Hundred Cows, and an Hun∣dred Garrons.

Nor was the Contention less between James Fitz Maurice of Desmond, and the Lord of Lixnaw; And there happened another barbarou accident that was more surprizing than any of the rest; for one Maurice Gibbon, alias Reagh, who was by the Popes Bull appointed to be Archbishop of Cashell, had the Confidence to come to James Mac Caghwell, who for some time had been Archbishop of that See,* 1.50 and to demand Posses∣sion, which being refused, the barbarous Villain stabbed the Archbishop with a Skein, but it so happened that the Arch∣bishod recovered, and Maurice made his escape into Spain.

In Ʋlster,* 1.51 Turlogh Lynogh had assumed the Name of O Neal, and in an Encounter with the Scots had killed Alexander Oge, but it seems that quarrel was appeased, and one Thousand of the Scots took Pay under Turlogh, and invaded the Ferny contrary to Articles.

In Connaught there was a new Broil between Mac William Oughter, and O Connor Sligo, about a Rent in Eyter Conaught, and in Thomond there were great Contests between the Earl and O Shaghaness, and in this disorderly and tumultuous Con∣dition stood the Kingdom of Ireland,* 1.52 when in September

Sir Henry Sydny Lord Deputy landed at Carigfergus, he imme∣diately sent for Turlogh Lynogh, who came to him, and confessed his Fault, and with the greatest Humility begged the Lord Deputies Pardon, which with great difficulty he at length obtained, but not until the Scots Hostages were first Exe∣cuted.

On the twentieth of October the Lord Deputy was Sworn at Dublin, and immediately he sent for Sir Edmond Butler, who upon several frivolous Pretences refused to come, but broke out into Rebellion, as shall be related hereafter.

In the mean time the Proceedings at Council-board will deserve a Paragraph in this History, and the rather, because a great and memorable Case was at this time agitated there,

for Sir Peter Carew, (whose Ancestor had formerly been Mar∣quess of Cork, and had great Possessions in several parts of the Kingdom) came over well recommended to Ireland,* 1.53 and resolved to endeavour the recovery of that great Estate, which was wrongfully withheld from him, and particularly the Ba∣rony of Idrone, in the County of Caterlogh, was detained by the Heirs of those whom one of the Carews had employed as his Steward, and had entrusted to mannage that Estate; but Sir Peter being advised not to alarum the Irish, by begin∣ning with them first, he did on the twenty ninth day of Octo∣ber prefer his Petition to the Council-board against Sir Chri∣stopher Chivers, for the Mannor of Ballymaclethan in the Coun∣ty of Meath, and in the Petition he suggested that Chivers was so popular and powerful a Man in his Country, that there could be no indifferent Tryal had at Common-Law, &c. Hereupon Sir Christopher was summoned, and when he ap∣peared, he pleaded ore tenus to the Jurisdiction of the Coun∣cil-board in this Matter; but Mr. Perriam gave three reasons why they might proceed.

First, Because it was the common Practise to determine Causes at the Council-Table in England, and instanced the Case of one Colshul about an Office in the Exchequer.

Secondly, That in cases of Extremity, as loss of Evidence, want of just Tryal, &c. A Suit may be commenced before the Lord Chancellor, or at the Council-board; propter necessi∣tatem, ne curia domini Regis desiceret in Justitia exhibenda.

Thirdly, That there are innumerable Presidents of Causes determined at the Council-Table in Ireland; upon these rea∣sons, the Judges, Dillon and Plunket were of Opinion the Board might proceed to determine this Cause, and afterwards the two Chief Justices concurred in the same Opinion, so that Chivers was forced to put in his Answer in Writing, which he did, but still it concluded to the Jurisdiction as before, and in his Plea he insisted on the Statutes of Magna Carta, cap. 11. and cap. 29. 25 Edw. 3. cap. 4. 28 Edw. 3. cap. 3. and 42 Edw. 3. cap. 3. But he likewise set forth his Title by Descent to part of the Lands in question, and made some other Title to the rest: The Court was angry with the Defendant for repeating his Plea to the Jurisdiction, after it had been so solemnly o∣ver-ruled, however they ordered the Plantiff to reply, which he did, by abridging his Plaint as to the Lands Descended, and by a solid Answer to the rest of the Plea: But at length the Parties agreed among themselves, and Chivers for a small Consideration had a Release from Sir Peter; however Sir Peter afterwards on the like Petition recovered the Barony of Idrone from the Cavenghs, by the Judgment and Decree of the Lord Deputy, and Council.

The Lord Deputy summoned a Parliament, which accord∣ingly met at Dublin on the seventeenth day of January, 1568.* 1.54 The Deputy appeared in Robes of Crimson Velvet, lined with Ermin, and after an Eloquent Speech from the Lord Chan∣cellor Weston, in commendation of the Law, and her Majesties Government, the Commons departed to their House, and chose Stainhurst, Recorder of Dublin for their Speaker, who being approved by the Deputy, on the twentieth of January made his Request as is usual.

First, For Priviledge of Parliament, that the Members might come and go without Molestation.

Secondly, for Freedom of Speech.

Thirdly, That the Punishment of any Offender should be lest to the House; all which were granted, and the Houses adjourned to the next Day.

But the Popish Party were dissatisfied that Sir Christo∣pher Barnwel was not chosen Speaker, and therefore began to Mutiny, alledging,

First, That several Members were returned from Towns not Incorporated.

Secondly, That certain Sheriffs and Mayors had returned themselves.

Thirdly, That several Members were returned, that were so far from being resident according to Law, that they did not know the Corporations that chose them: And after four days debate, and many high Words, the matter was referred to the Judges, and they approved of the two first Objections; but as to the third, they said that the return of Non-residents might be Penal to the Sheriffs, but did not incapacitate the Member that was returned to sit in the House.

But the Judges Answer (being reported to the House by the Speaker) did not at all please the Papists, and therefore Sir Lucas Dillon, who was Attorney General, was sent for to the House, to testifie that it was the Judges Opinion, and his also, that the Non-resident Members might sit in the House;* 1.55 but neither did this satisfie them: On the contrary when the Speak∣er ordered a Bill to be read, the Mutineers opposed it in a ve∣ry dissorderly manner, and so it rested till the two Chief-Ju∣stices, the Queens Serjeant at Law, Attorney-General and Solicitor, came to the House the next day, and affirmed their Opinions and Resolutions, as already mentioned.

Nevertheless the Male contents (who were loth to part with their Irish Captainries and exactions) continued their endea∣vours to obstruct the Proceedings of this Parliament, and op∣posed almost every Bill that was read, especially that of re∣pealing Poyning's Act, pro hac vice, and the Bill for an Impost upon Wines; but this had been tolerable, if their Behaviour

had not been unruly, and unbecoming the dignity of that great Assembly.

Hereupon my Author (John Hooker, Burgess of Athenry) stood up,* 1.56 and spoke to the Bill for the impost on Wine, and took an occasion to mention the great Charge the Queen was at for the Defence of the Kingdom, and the Protection of the Sub∣ject, and then reflected on the Rebellions and Ingratitudes of the Irish, because the former occasioned that vast Expence, and the latter hindred that Contribution which ought to sup∣ply it; he affirmed, the Queen might by her Prerogative have imposed Tonnage on Wine, but it would be more pleasing to her to receive it by their Consents expressed in an Act of Parliament; and concluded with a comparison of the Mutinies of the Irish against the Lord Deputy, to that of the seditious Israelites against Moses.

The discontented Members were hereupon enraged against Hooker, and behaved themselves so tumultuously, that some of the Protestants found it necessary to guard him Home to Sir Peters Carews House, to prevent the violence they suspected or rather perceived to be designed against him, and the next day Sir Christopher Barnwell stood up in the House to speak to a Bill, but he pretermitted all that was pertinent, and in∣stead of that, spent his discourse in Reflections upon Hooker, affirming that if Hooker's Calumnies had been uttered any where but in that House, they would all have died, rather than have suffered them; but he was at length interrupted by the Speaker, and told, That if he had any cause of Complaint, he should bring in his Impeachment regularly, and in writing; but it seems he did not think sit to do so, and these Heats cool∣ing by degrees, the Parliament at length proceeded with good Success, and made these following Acts.

• I. That in lieu of Coin and Livery, and for the Queens As∣sistance, she shall have a Subsidy of thirteen Shillings and Four-pence per Plow-land, for ten Years for every Plow-land, occupied or manured, Cross and Clergy-Land included, and a Commission to issue to ascertain Plow-lands,—and Dub∣lin, Cork, Kingsale, and all priviledged Places to be free from Subsidy for the Corporation Lands, and certain Gentlemen, for their Demean Lands,—and Coin, and Livery, Cartings and Carriage to be suppressed.
• II. A limitation of places for Tanning Leather.—Repealed.
• III. A Confirmation of the Attainders, made by Parlia∣ment 28. Hen. 8. And of the Estates of the Patentees in the then forfeited Lands.
• IV. That five of the best of every Tribe shall answer for all the Dammages committed by any of their Family; and

• though this Act be since repealed, yet it was a very good Law at that time.
• V. To revive the Acts of Forestallers, Servants Wa∣ges, and Jeofails.
• And so being adjourned to the twenty first day of February, they then met and Enacted, that Statutes concerning the good Governance of the Kingdom, and the augmentation of Her Majesties Revenue may be made in this Parliament, non obstante, Poyning's Act.

And on the twenty third of February, the Parliament sat again and Enacted,

• I. The attainder of Shane O Neal, and the extinguish∣ment of the name of O Neal, and that the Queen be entitu∣led to the Country of Tyrone, and other Lands in Ʋlster.
• II. An Act to make Trinity-Term shorter.
• III. An Act to entitle Her Majesty to the Estate of Thomas Fitz Girald, Knight of the Glin.
• IV. An Act for the Preservation of Salmon and Eeel-Fry.
• V. An Act against laying Hemp, Flax, or Limed Hides in any fresh River, or running Water.
• VI. That whereas Persons have been admitted to Ecclesi∣astical Dignities, which had neither Legitimacy, Learning, English Habit, or English Language, but were the Issue of unchast, and unmarried Abbots, Priors, Deans, Chantors, and such like, getting into the same Dignities by Force, Sy∣mony, or other undue Means; therefore the chief Gover∣nor of Ireland shall for ten Years to come, have the sole no∣mination of all Deans, Archdeacons, Chantors, Chancellors, and Treasurers, of Cathedral Churches in Munster, and Con∣naught, those of Waterford, Cork, Limerick and Cashell ex∣cepted, and no Man shall be presented, unless he be of full Age, and in Orders, and can read and speak English, and will reside.
• VII. That no Man take upon him to be Captain of a Ter∣ritory without a Patent for it; or use any sort of Irish Ex∣actions, on Pain of an Hundred Pound for a Lord, and an Hundred Marks for a Commoner.
• VIII. That no Bill to repeal Poyning's Act shall be certified into England, until first it be agreed upon by a majority of the Parliament of Ireland.
• IX. That the rest of the Kingdom be divided into Shires.
• X. That no Wool, Flocks, Flax, Yarn, Sheep-Skins, Goat-Skins, Calve-Skins, or Deer-Skins unwrought, nor Beef, Tallow, Wax, or Butter shall be transported until it pay the

• Custom in the Act mentioned, and the petty Duties to Co∣porations in the Act likewise mentioned, on the Penalties therein contained; provided Prosecution be made within nine Months after the Offence committed.
• XI. An Act for the Impost on Wines.
• XII. That the Earl of Kildare's Brother and Sisters be re∣stored in Blood.

The Parliament was Adjourned to the twelfth of May, and then they met, and Enacted,

• 1. That Schools be erected in the Shire-Town of every Diocess, at the Costs of the whole Diocess, by the direction of the Bishop and the Sheriff, and the chief Governor shall nominate an English School-master, and appoint his Salary; whereof the Bishop shall pay one Third, and the Clergy the other two Parts; the Bishops of Armagh, Dublin, Meath, and Kildare, and their Successors shall name English School-Masters for their respective Diocesses.
• 2. That all Exemplifications under the Great Seal, and the Seals of the King's Bench, Common Pleas, and Exchequer, subscribed by the Lord Chancellor, both Chief Justices and Chief Baron, shall be as effectual in all Courts, as the Ori∣ginal Record; but it must contain a Clause that all those Seals are to it.
• 3. An Act about the Standard of Measures for Corn.
• 4. An Act impowering the chief Governour and Council to grant Patents to such of the Irish as the Queen shall di∣rect.

And then the Parliament was Adjourn'd to the fifth of De∣cember 13 Eliz. At which Session the Earls of Thomond and Glencar, who had reconciled themselves to the State, were present; and the Parliament made five Acts of no great im∣portance, recited in the Statute-Book, from pag. 267. to pag. 279.

But whilst the Lord Deputy and the Parliament were en∣deavouring the Prosperity and Peace of Ireland, by enacting good and wholsom Laws, others were as busie to countermine them, and to put all into Disorder and Confusion; for some of the looser sort of the Irish Lords were distasted to that de∣gree, at the loss of their Captainries and Irish Extortions, as also at the Impost on Wine, that they resolved by force to re∣scind those Laws, or at least prevent the execution of them; and so making Religion their Pretence, they confederated to∣gether: James Fitz-Morris was the Bell-weather of this Flock, and the Ringleader of all this Mischief; he added to

the general Grievances, the particular Injuries done to his own Family, by the imprisonment of the Earl of Desmond, and his Brother Sir John; and he inveigled the Earl of Glen∣car, by telling him, That the Queen was to be married to the Earl of Leicester; and that thereupon, the Lord Deputy (who married that Earl's Sister) was to be King of Ireland, and when the Earl of Glencar was once engaged, Mac Do∣nogh, and many more of the Cartyes came in of course; and Fitz Girald, commonly called Seneschal of Imokilly, was as forward in this Rebellion as any of them; and although Sir Edmond Butler, who was Seneschal to his brother the Earl of Ormond, and consequently hated all the Family of Desmond, and had formerly pretended to serve against James Fitz-Mor∣ris: Yet partly, because he did not dare to appear before Commissioners sent by the Lord Deputy to Kilkenny, to examine and redress the grievous Complaints made against him; and partly for Zeal to the Catholick Cause, and Fond∣ness of the Irish Usurpations, he sacrificed his private Re∣sentments to the publick Concern, and joyned with the rest of the Rebels.

The Confederates being resolved to make something of this Rebellion, if it were possible, sent the Titular Bishops of Cashel and Emly,* 1.57 and the youngest Brother of the Earl of Des∣mond, as their Ambassadors to the Pope and the King of Spain, to implore Aid and Assistance to rescue their Religion and Country from the Tyranny and Oppression of Queen Eliza∣beth.

But the Lord Deputy was not idle; but assoon as he had notice of this Confederacy, he proclaimed them Traytors, and ordered Sir Peter Carew, Governor of Leighlin, to begin the War, which he did; and being accompanied by the Captains, Malby, Gilbert, Basnet, and others, he took Sir Edmund's Castle of Cloghgriman, and gave the Spoil to the Soldiers; and thence he marched to Kilkenny, and upon in∣telligence that three thousand Men were within three Miles of that City, Sir Peter Carew sent Henry Davels to discover them; and being satisfied by him, that they were not above two thousand, he resolved to attack them; Captain Gilbert, and Davels, and twelve more began the Charge; which was well seconded by Carew, Malby and Basnet, and the Success was accordingly; four hundred Gallowglasses being slain, without the loss of any English Man, Captain Malby's Servant only excepted.

Not long after, James Fitz-Morris besieged Kilkenny, but both Garrison and Citizens behaved themselves so well, that Fitz-Morris was fain to execute his Malice on the Country-Villages and smaller Towns, and those he did not spare; par∣ticularly

he robbed old Falco Quiverford of Galan (who had been Servant to three Earls of Ormond) of two thousand Pounds in Money, Plate and Houshold-stuff, besides Corn and Cattel.

Another Party went to the County of Wexford, and at a Fair at Iniscorthy, committed most vile Outrages, ravish∣ing Women, and killing or imprisoning every body they met with; nor did the Queens County and Ossory fare any bet∣ter. The Lord Power's Estate, and the whole County of Waterford were in the same condition; and even the very County of Dublin had its share of Desolation.

But the Confederates finding no Effects of their former Ambassy, sent new Messengers to the Pope and King of Spain, and also sollicited Turlogh Lynogh to procure the Aid of the Scots, and were so diligent, that nothing was left undone that might tend to subvert the Government, and clear the Country of all English Men and English Laws.

The Earl of Ormond, then in England, troubled at the Disloyalty of his Brethren, offered his Service against them, and undertook to reclaim them by Perswasion or Force, and to that end, he arrived at Wexford the fourteenth Day of August, being the very Day of the aforesaid Fair at Iniscorthy.

I should have mentioned▪ That Sir Warham Saint Leger was, anno 1566, made President of Munster, and now, the Lord Deputy having notice that Sir Warham's Lady was (in her Husband's absence) much distressed at Cork, and daily threatned by the Irish, he resolved to march that way to re∣lieve her, and with six hundred Men only he set out from Kilkenny, and came to Clonmel, and thence he sent to Wa∣terford for a few Citizens, for three days, to assist him in his Passage over the Mountains; but that City obstinately insisted upon its Privileges, and refused to send any Men; however, Mr. Wise, and a few Volun∣teers, and some Sea-men came to the Deputy, and were very kindly received, and the Disloyalty of the City was remem∣bred at another time. In Clonmel the Lord Deputy was no∣bly Treated in the Town-House, which he requited by a most excellent Speech in commendation of Loyalty; and thence marched to Cashil, and in his March took a Castle, held by Sir Edmond Butler; and restored it to one Cantrel, who was the right Owner;* 1.58 and so he came to Cork, where he found four hundred Soldiers, newly arrived out of England, under the Command of the Captains Shute and Ward, as by his Letters to England, he had desired.

From Cork, the Lord Deputy made a step into Kirricurry, and took the Castle of Carigoline; and afterwards he march∣ed into Orrery, and took But••ivant, and so designed for Kil∣mallock;

but James Fitz-Morrice got there before him, and took the Town by the help of scaling Ladders; and finding that he could not keep it, he burnt and destroyed as much of it as he could.

However, the Lord Deputy marched thither, and having given all the Encouragement that he could to repair and re∣edifie Kilmallock, he setled a Garrison there, of an hundred Horse, four hundred Foot, and some Kern, under Colonel Gilbert, who was made Governor or Colonel of Munster; and so having taken the Oaths and Hostages of the Lords, Roch, Courcy, Decyes, Power, and of Sir Cormock Mac Teige, and many other Gentlemen and Freeholders of the Counties of Cork and Limerick, he marched directly to the City of Limerick.

The Earl of Ormond came to the Lord Deputy at or near Limerick, and brought with him his Brother Sir Edmond But∣ler, who, in the open Camp submitted to Mercy, acknow∣ledging his Follies, and craving Pardon; and thereupon he was set at Liberty, upon the Earl's Recognisance for his ap∣pearance at Dublin; and accordingly he did appear there, on the sixteenth day of October, together with Pierce Butler, another Brother of the Earl's, and both of them were in∣dicted of High Treason: However, it seems that Pierce was afterwards bailed; but Sir Edmond, being a Cholerick Man, did reflect upon the Lord Deputy, and attributed all to his Partiality; and alledged that the Lord Deputy did threat∣en him, and would do him no Justice; and vented many more such passionate expressions, and therefore had not the favour of being bailed, but was committed close Prisoner to the Castle of Dublin; from whence, in a very short time after, he made a strange and hazardous escape, by the help of a small Rope, which broke within three yards of the ground, and so bruised him, that he could not go far, so that he was forced to stay all that cold Winter-Night up to the Chin in the Water, to prevent his Discovery: However, about three Months after, viz. on the last of February, the Earl of Ormond did again bring Sir Edmond, and the rest of his Bro∣thers before the Lord Deputy and Council at Dublin, and there, after a short Commitment, and humble Submissions, they were all pardoned for the sake of the Earl, and perhaps by special Orders from the Queen, who by the Mother was related to this Noble Family,* 1.59 and used to boast of the un∣tainted Loyalty of the House of Ormond.

In the mean time, Colonel Gilbert behaved himself so well in Munster, that the Earl of Glencar and his Follower Mac Donogh were forced to come to him, and to submit on their Knees, craving Pardon for what was past, and offering Ho∣stages

for their future Behaviour, and afterwards that Earl came to Dublin to a subsequent Session of the Parliament, and in the Presence-Chamber, and in Christ-Church made most Pathetical Submissions on their 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and were Par∣doned; but the Collonel Gilbert (being 〈◊〉〈◊〉 his good Service Knighted at Drogheda the first of January 1569) got leave to go to England, and there he 〈…〉〈…〉 a rich Widow, and was not long afterwards drowned, and thereupon Sir John Pe∣nott was Lord President of Munster▪

In Leinster, Sir Peter Carew had reduced the Cavenaghs to that low Condition, that they were forced to submit to Mer∣cy simply, and without Stipulation: and in Connaught Sir Edward Fitton by valour in the Field, and severe Justice in the Courts did so quail the stubborn Hearts of the Rebels, that his Province had but very little disturbance, except what was given by the Earl of Thomond, who could not brook the Severity of the President; it seems he complained to the Lord Deputy before he entred into Rebellion; for on the twenty third of April, 1570.* 1.60 the Earl of Ormond was sent to treat with him, but that Treaty proving ineffectual, there ensued a smart Battle, or rather Skirmish, wherein the Earl of Thomond was worsted,* 1.61 and thereupon he fled into France, where he met with the English Ambassador (Norris) by whose means the Earl was pardoned,* 1.62 and afterwards proved a very good Subject, and did considerable Services to his Queen and Country.

Turlogh Lynogh, whom I have already mentioned to have assumed the Name of O Neal, was about this time shot in the Belly with two Bullets out of a Caliver, by one of the Doni¦loghs, who was a kind of a Jester; he was at Supper with his Wife, Aunt to the Earl of Argile, when he received this Misfortune, and though the Wound proved not to be Mortal, yet it was so near it, that the Auxiliary Scots began to think of deserting him,* 1.63 and his own Country were in Factions a∣bout the choice of a new O Neal;* 1.64 however, he at length reco∣vered, and made an attempt to invade the Pale, but the Scots dispersed for want of Pay, so that O Neal was glad to treat with Justice Dowdall, and the Dean of Armagh (the Queens Com∣missioners) and they came to an Agreement in O Neal's Camp at Dungannon on the twentieth day of January,* 1.65 which was afterwards ratified by the Lord Deputy on the thirteenth day of March.

On the eleventh of February, the O Feralls, or Ferells sur∣rendred their Interest in the Annaly, or County of Longford, and took part of it back again at the Yearly Rent of an Hun∣dred Marks, &c.

The publick Expence for three Years, viz. From Michael∣mass

1565, to Michaelmass 1568, paid out of the Exchequer, amounted unto Eighty eight Thousand nine Hundred thirty eight Pounds, nine Shillings, and eleven Pence; whereof, I suppose at least one half was remitted from England, and yet the Lord Deputy was so Industrious in the Collection of the Revenue, that he got twelve Hundred Pound of Hugh O Donell for the Arrears of Rent due for many Years past, and the Queen was so intent on the Reformation and settlement of Ireland, that she sent over Robert Leeth a Surveyor, about the Year 1568, to make a true Survey, and an exact Map of that Kingdom.

But Pope Pius the Fifth having by his Bull of the fifth of March, 1569.* 1.66 ••ulminated his Excommunication against Queen Elizabeth, and as Mr. Sullevan says, pag. 70. deservedly deprived her of her Kingdoms, we must not expect any more quiet during her Reign, but that the bigotted Rebels, like Virginal Jacks will start up one after another, to disturb the Government of the Heretick Queen, and to rescue themselves from the English Laws, and the Protestant Religion, which are the two things they chiefly hated, and abhorred.

In Munster they met with their Match; Sir John Perrot the President was one that knew them well, he had experienced that they were like nettles, which stung most when they were gently handled, and therefore he squeezed them to purpose, and so haunted them from one fastness to another,* 1.67 that he gave them no rest, so that in a little time he brought James Fitz Maurice himself (who was the most valiant, and most zeal∣ous of all the Confederates) to submit simply to Mercy, without any Conditions, and on his Knees at Kilmallock to confess and lament all his Disloyalties, and the Lord Presi∣dent by keeping Itinerant Courts of Justice, and using ne∣cessary Severity, soon brought Munster to that pass that the white Sheep kept the black, and the Traveller might safe∣ly keep his Road without Arms or Company; he also forced the Irish to conform to English Habit, and to leave off seve∣ral of their barbarous Customs and Fashions; and he also brought the Irish Lords to contribute to the charge of the War.

So that on the twenty sixth day of September, 1571.* 1.68 The following Lords and Gentlemen Covenanted with him to supply their respective Quota's for six Months, viz.

	Hor.	Shot▪	Gallowgl.	Kern
Mac Cartymore	6	24	126	100
The Lord Barry	6	10	030	020
Mac Carty riah	8	10	040	050
Sr. Donough Mac Teige of Muscry.	6	10	020	040
The Lord Courcy	2	04	006	008
Mac Donough	4	08	020	030

And the Earl of Glencar was to command them, and in his Absence the Lord Barry; they were to divide what Preys they should get, proportionably with respect to their Contri∣bution; and if there should be need of it, they were obliged to encrease their Forces.

It happened once,* 1.69 that Captain George Bourchier, third Son to the Earl of Bath, who served under Sir John Perrot, in Munster, was invited to a Gentlemans Castle to Supper, under pretence of Parly, and to use Bourchier's Mediation for his Pardon: The Captain not at all suspecting any Trea∣chery, went thither according to the Invitation; but the Perfidious Host thinking that the President would give him better Conditions for Bourchier's Liberty than he would for his Intercession, detained him Prisoner, and hand-locked him for some time, and probably until he obtained his Pardon and what else he desired.

The Lord-Deputy received Letters of the thirteenth of December, giving him leave to return to England, and order∣ing him to substitute in his Place his Brother-in-Law, Sir William Fitz Williams, and accordingly he did set Sail on the 24th day of March, and left▪

Sir William Fitz Williams, Lord Justice, who was Sworn in April,* 1.70 in St. Patricks Church in Dublin, and in Janu∣ary following, had a new Commission to be Lord De∣puty.

In his time, Brian Mac Cahir Cavenagh was very unruly, and under pretence of revenging some Injuries done him by Robert Brown of Malrenkam;* 1.71 he killed Brown, and insulted over all his Neighbours; but Sir Nicholas Devereux, and the People of Wexford not enduring his Insolence, resolved up∣on their own Defence, and at length it came to a smart Skir∣mish, wherein thirty Gentlemen of Devereux's side were slain; but about two Years after, Brian submitted to the Govern∣ment, and was Pardoned, and became a follower to Sir Pe∣ter Carew, and was not only Faithful to him, but also loved him to that degree, that on Sir Peter's Death, Brian pined away, and in a little time died also; he was the honestest and bravest of all the Cavenaghs, and was a younger Son of Cahir Mac Art, who was made a Baron for Life, by King Hen∣ry the Eighth.

Conaught was disordered by the troublesome Sons of the Earl of Clanrickard,* 1.72 who could by no means endure the se∣vere Government of Sir Edward Fitton, President of Conaught, and therefore broke out into Rebellion, and hired one Thou∣sand Scots to their Assistance: The Earl himself was then Prisoner in Dublin, and desired Liberty to suppress his Sons, and quiet the Country, and by advice of the Council it was

granted him: but he did not perform what he had promised; however, the same thing was in a great measure effected by a stupendious Victory, obtained by Captain Collier, who with one Company of Foot defeated and killed most part of the thousand Auxiliary Scots.* 1.73

The Earl of Kildare, for a certain sum to be paid by the Queen, had undertaken to prosecute the O Mores, and to de∣fend the Pale against them; but he did not so effectually per∣form it, but that the O Mores,* 1.74 assisted by the O Connors, made several Incursions into the Pale, and burnt Athloan, and did abundance of Mischief; and in Ʋlster, Bryan Mac Fylemy took and burnt Carrigfergus; and to these Misfortunes was added a greater than either of them, by the Death of the Lord Chancellor Weston, on the twentieth day of May 1573.* 1.75

On the ninth of July the Queen granted unto Walter De∣vereux (who not long before was made Earl of Essex) the Moyety of the Signiories of Clandeboy, Ferny, &c. And the Earl was by Indenture obliged to go thither before Michaelmas with two hundred Horse and four hundred Foot, and to maintain them for two years, and afterwards he was to keep as many Soldiers as the Queen should keep for the Defence of her Moyety, not exceeding six hundred, and no more; and it was agreed, that for the first two years the Queen would likewise keep two hundred Horse, and four hundred Foot, under the Command of the Earl: and that every Horse-man Voluntier that will serve gratis for two years, shall have four hundred Acres of Land, and a Foot-Soldier two hun∣dred Acres, at two pence an Acre Quit-Rent; and if any of them die within two year, the Heir may supply his room in six Months. It was farther agreed between them, That ne∣cessary Fortifications should be made at the equal Charge of the Queen and the Earl, and afterwards division should be made by Commissioners, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 division, each might for twenty years build on her or his respective share, as they pleased. And the Earl was to have Timber out of Killulta Woods, and might for seven years transport the growth of the Country, without paying Custom; and for twelve years more should pay no more Custom than is paid in England; and he had liberty to transport Arms, Money, and all Necessa∣ries out of England Custom-free, giving notice thereof to the Officers of the Ports. Each might dispose of five thou∣sand Acres as they please; but more than that quantity was not to be given to Irish or Scots. The Earl was to be Cap∣tain-General for seven years, and was to plant his Part as well as the Queen should hers, until there should be a thou∣sand English Inhabitants on each Moyety.

And so being made Earl-Marshal of Ireland, he set about the necessary Preparations for his Irish Voyage, and to that end borrowed ten thousand Pounds of the Queen on a Mort∣gage of his Lands in Essex.

But the Lord Deputy being unwilling to have any body in∣dependent on him in that Kingdom, especially so great a man, cloathed with such a large Authority, and accompanied with such considerable Forces, gave all the opposition he could to this Noble Undertaking of the Earls, until at length this Me∣dium was found out, That the Earl of Essex should take a Commission from the Lord Deputy to be Governor of Ʋlster; wherewith both Parties were satisfied, or at least they ac∣quiesced in the Expedient.

In the mean time, Mr. Edward Tremain was sent over to the Lord Deputy:

• 1. To know why he desired so earnestly to return to Eng∣land.* 1.76
• 2. To enquire what was the yearly Charge of that King∣dom; what number of Men in Pay, and how disposed of; when any were disbanded, or dead, and when their rooms supplied, and how many more there be than was appointed in March was twelve-month.
• 3. To know what has been received of the Impost of Wines since Michaelmas last, and what is in Arrear; and if he could not discover it, then to move the Deputy to certifie the Quantum of each.
• 4. To know of the Deputy and Lord President in what state Munster is, and how to be preserv'd.
• 5. To know what is done or intended to be done with Des∣mond and his Brother John, and how their Creditors in Eng∣land, shall be paid.
• 6. To enquire how Connaught stands, and how the Castles of Athlone and Roscomon are, and the condition of the Earl of Thomond and Clanrickard and his Sons.
• 7. To enquire into the Outrage committed against Sir Bar∣naby Fitz Patrick, and the taking away his Wife and Chil∣dren, and how the Offenders are punished, and how the Birns and Cavenaghs stand affected.
• 8. To tell the Deputy, that the Earl of Essex, with two thousand Men, will in August next come to inhabit the forfeit∣ed Lands in the Glins Routs and Clandeboy; that in the mean time the Deputy guard the Frontiers of the Pale that way, and Publish, that Essex comes to repel the Scots, and not to hurt the Irish.
• 9. To tell the Deputy not to raise more Forces; but if his Ormond's and Kildare's Forces are not sufficient against the O

• Mores and Connors, to borrow two or three hundred from Essex for that Expedition, and pay them.
• 10. To preserve the Corn, &c. in the Ardes till Essex comes.
• 11. To know why he gave Commission to Sir John Per∣rot to sell Marul's Ship, wherein was Goods of all Nati∣ons.

The English had a very hopeful Prospect of the Earl of Essex's undertaking in Ʋlster; so that many Persons of Qua∣lity, and abundance of Gentlemen concerned themselves in the Expedition; The Lords, Darcy and Rich, Sir Henry Knowles, and four of his Brothers, Michael Carves, and his Brother John and Henry, William and John, three Sons of the Lord Norris, and many others, accompanied the Earl in this Voyage, and they Landed together at Carrigfergus in the latter end of Au∣gust 1573; and assoon as they Landed, Bryan Mac Phelimy waited on the Earl, and in most submissive manner tendred his Duty to the Queen, and his Service to Essex; but assoon as he perceived that the Earl's Forces were not so considera∣ble as was reported, he presently apostatized, and joyned in Rebellion with Turlogh Lynogh.

About the same time, or rather a year sooner, Sir Thomas Smith sent his Natural Son, together with one Chatterton, to make a Plantation in the Ardes;* 1.77 but young Smith was murder∣ed by Neal Bryan Artho (who was afterwards killed by Sir Nicholas Malby) and so that Design became unsuccessful: and the Earl did not speed much better; for after the Ex∣pence of much Treasure, and a years time, he returned to England.

This year the Money sent by the Queen into Ireland,* 1.78 since she came to the Crown, was computed, and it amounted to four hundred and ninety thousand, seven hundred and seven∣ty nine Pounds, seven shillings, and six pence halfpeny; and the Revenue of Ireland, in the same period of time, came to no more than one hundred and twenty thousand Pounds.

It is reported of Bryan Mac Fylemy, that he had thirty thousand Cows, besides other Cattel; and it is certain that the Lord Rich, within a Month after he came to Ireland, re∣turned to England on his private Occasions; and Henry Knolls was by Sickness forced to do the like; and many others, upon frivolous Pretences left the Earl of Essex, and went back to England;* 1.79 besides, his Soldiers were raw, and it was late in the Year, and his Commission was not yet sent him, being purposely delayed by the Deputy; so that all these, and some other Difficulties concurr'd to make Essex's Expedition unfortunate: Nevertheless, he took the Castle of Liffer from Con O Do••el, and in a Skirmish, he killed two

hundred Irish, and took Bryan Mac Fylemy, and his Wife and his Brother Rory Oge Prisoners.

In the mean time,* 1.80 the Earl of Desmond, notwithstanding his Oath to be a true Prisoners, made his escape out of the Castle of Dublin, whereupon the Deputy marched into Mun∣ster to prevent new Co••••••otions; and ordered the Earl of Essex to guard the Borders of Ʋlster, which very much hin∣dred his Progress in building Fortifications in Clandeboy; however he obeyed, and at length the Earl of Desmond was prevailed upon to reconcile himself to the Government.

Sir Henry Sydny,* 1.81 Lord Deputy, arrived on the twelfth of September, and was sworn on the eighteenth at Tredagh, to which Place he went directly from the Skyrries, because the Plague raged in Dublin.

It is observable of this great and good man, that although he did most excellent Service in Ireland, yet he was but ill rewarded for it in England; and therefore he was with great difficulty prevailed with to accept the Government this se∣venth and last time; for (as he expressed himself in his Letter) he cursed, hated and detested Ireland above all other Countries; not that he had any dislike of the Country, but that it was most difficult to do any Service there where a Man must struggle with Famine and Fastnesses, inaccessible Bogs, and light-footed Tories; and yet, when these, and all other Difficulties were surmounted, no Service in the world was less reputed, valued or requited than that: and it is farther remarkable of him, that though he was four times Lord Ju∣stice, and three times Lord Deputy of Ireland, yet he never purchased a Foot of Land in that Kingdom.

The Lord Deputy's Instructions were to find means to pay the Queens Debts, if possible, and to grant Leix and Offaly to English Undertakers,* 1.82 and the Queen promised him, that besides the Irish Revenue, twenty thousand Pounds per an∣num, should be punctally remitted him out of England quar∣terly: And Sydny undertook for that Sum to fortifie Carrig∣fergus, and to build some Bridges, and to keep the whole Kingdom in Subjection.

The Lord Deputy found Ʋlster in a Flame; Surleboy had assaulted Carrigfergus, and kill'd Captain Baker and forty Men; and though by the Valour of the rest of the Garrison, the Scots were repelled, and the Prey rescued, yet this small Victory gave the Rebels such Reputation, that the Lord De∣puty found it necessary to leave the Custody of the Pale with certain Gentlemen of Note, and to march with his small Ar∣my of six hundred Men, into Ʋlster; he found all the Coun∣try ruined, except the Newry, where Marshal Bagnal dwelt; and the Glins and Routs,* 1.83 which Surleboy and the Scots pos∣sest,

and some part of Killultagh; but it happened luckily, that Turlogh Lynogh and Surleboy could not agree; so that they came to Blows, with various and alternate Success▪

Hereupon, both Parties address'd themselves to the Lord Deputy; who (finding Turlogh to be more high and extra∣vagant in his Demands, than the other) came to an Agree∣ment with Surleboy; which was followed by the Submission of Mac Mahon, and one of the Macguires. And O Donel, and the Chief of the Macguires did also by their Letters of∣fer to pay their Rents and Services due to the Queen by for∣mer Agreements, provided they might be secured under the Queens Protection, and be delivered from the Exactions of O Neal.

By these Means, and the diligent prosecution of the War against him, Turlogh Lynogh was reduced to extremity, so that first he sent his Wife (a well bred Lady, Aunt to the Earl of Argile) to the Lord Deputy at Armagh, who, in her Husband's behalf Petitioned him that Turlogh might be No∣bilitated, and his Estate setled by Law, that so for the fu∣ture he might live in order, in the sence of his Duty and Gra∣titude to her Majesty; but whilst these things were under consideration, Turlogh himself, without any previous Provi∣sion for his Security, came to the Lord Deputy, and submit∣ted simply, without Capitulation or Conditions; and so hav∣ing staid two days, he had liberty to return home.

Ʋlster being thus quieted, the Lord Deputy Marched to Dublin, and having setled things there, he visited Leinster, and found the County of Kildare almost waste, and the King's County and Queens County groaned under the Ty∣ranny of Rory Oge; but by the perswasions of the Earl of Or∣mond, Rory came to the Lord Deputy, and publickly made his Submission in the Church of Kilkenny.

The Lord Deputy was very well received by the Towns∣men of Kilkenny, and nobly treated by the Earl of Ormond; but while he staid there, he received the unhappy News of Sir Peter Carew's Death, to whose Burial at Waterford, on the fifteenth of December, the Lord Deputy was invited, and went.

This Sir Peter Carew, whose Ancestors had been Mar∣quesses of Cork,* 1.84 laid claim to a mighty Estate in Munster, being half of the ancient Kingdom of Cork, viz. Imokilly, Trybarry, Muskry, Kinalea, Trycoursy, Carbry, Kinalmeaky, Collymore, Collybeg, Ivagh, Synnagh O Donovan, Wintervary, Bantry, Bear, Clandonough, Cleighboigh, Iveragh, Kirricur∣ry, Clanmorris, Iraghticonnor, Duhallow, and Coshbride. And he sent his Agent John Hooker to Cork,* 1.85 where he had a so∣lemn meeting with Mac Carty Riagh, Cormock Mac Teige of

Muskry Barry Oge, O Mahon, O Driscoll, O Daly, and others, and they made this Proposal, that they would advance three Thousand Kine, with Sheep, Hogs, and Corn, proportionable for the present; and that if Sir Peter would live amongst them, they would annually pay what should be reasonable, and to his good liking; whereupon Hooker did take a House for Sir Peter at Cork, and another at Kingsale; but as Sir Pe∣ter was going that way, he died on his Journey at Ross in the County of Wexford, the 27th day of November, 1575.

The Lord Deputy was magnificently received and treated at Waterford, and from thence he marched to Dungarvan, where the Earl of Desmond met him, and so by easy Jour∣neys they went together to Cork, and there he stayed six Weeks▪ during which time the Soldiers for half their Pay, had Lodging, Diet, and Firing to their content, and without the grumbling of the Citizens.

The Earls of Thomond and Glencar, and the principal Gen∣try of the Province came to wait on the Lord Deputy at Cork, and there they kept their Christmass, and as soon as that was over, the Lord Deputy began his Sessions, and sat in Court almost every day from the seventh day of January to the one and thirtieth, Condom and a younger Son of the Lord Roch were Condemned, and though they were Reprieved, yet there were twenty three other notorious Malefactors Exe∣cuted; and the better to discover Vagabonds and Tories, every Gentlemen was commanded to give in a List of his Dependants, and to answer for them, and Proclamation was made, That every I••ler that was not named in one of those Lists, should be punished as a Felon and a Vagabond, to which the Irish Lords and Gentlemen gave their Consents with seeming Joy; and every one of them gave in Pledges of his Loyalty to the Lord Deputy.

Whilst the Deputy was at Cork, he had information of the Disloyalty of the Seneschal of Imokilly, and of the Depre∣dations and Violences he daily committed, and thereupon being attended by two Hundred Citizens of Cork, besides his own Forces, the Deputy marched to Ballymarter, and took that strong Castle, and had taken Fitz Girald himself, but that he narrowly escaped through a Hole in the dead of the Night: There was abundance of Victuals found in the Castle, besides other things of value; but all the Spoil was given to the Soldiers, and so a Garrison of twenty Men under Jasper Horsy being left in the Castle, the Lord Deputy re∣turned to Cork.

The Lord Deputy was so well pleased with Sir Cormack Mac Teige of Muscry, that he gave him this Character in a Letter of his, sent to England; That for his Loyalty and Ci∣vil

disposition he was the rarest Man that ever was born of the I∣rishy; and in another Letter to the Lords of the Council he observes that the Lord Poer lived more plentifully than those that had far more Land, and that his barren Land yielded more Rent than the richer soil of Kilkenny and Decyes, and the reason was, because he kept his Territory in order, and free from Idlers and Vagabonds, whereas on the contrary, the Lord of Decyes was scarce able to subsist, because his Country harboured more bad Men than it fed good Cattle.

From Cork, the Deputy went to Limerick, where he was entertained with more Pomp than any where else, there he kept Sessions, and observed the same Methods as he did at Cork, and then he marched into Thomond, which formerly belonged to the English Lords of Clare, and was inhabited by many English, but now not a Man of English Extraction to be found there, and even the O Bryans (tho' very near Relati∣ons) were inveterate Enemies each to the other, and the Coun∣try was entirely wasted, and innumerable complaints of Mur∣ther, Rape, Burning, Robbery, and Sacriledge were made to the Deputy.

He imprisoned the Earl of Thomond, and Teig Mac Mur∣rough till they gave Bonds and Hostages of their good Beha∣viour; he kept the Earl's Brother in Irons, and made Sir Donald O Bryan Sheriff, and left a Provost-Marshal, and a Garrison amongst them at their Request and Charge; and up∣on shewing them that the uncertainty of their tenures was the cause of all their Disturbances, they promised to surrender their Estates, and take Patents according to Law, and so having appointed Commissioners to hear such of their Com∣plaints as he had not leisure to determine, and having pu∣nished some notorious Offenders, and ruined the Rebellious Mac an Aspigs (Bastard Sons of the Bishop of Killaloo, by name Brians) he went to Galway.

To Galway came seven of the Family of the Clandonells, and after them came Mac William Eighter, who could speak Latin, though he couldnot speak English; he submitted by Oath and Indenture, and agreed to pay two Hundred and Fifty Marks per Annum for his Country, besides Contribution of Men, on risings out, and consented the Clandonells should hold their Lands of the Queen, whereupon he was Knighted, and had some small Presents from the Deputy, and an English Sheriff sent into his Country, as he desired; O Mayle also submitted as did all the rest of the County of Mayo, and de∣sired Justice and English Government, being weary of the devastations made by their civil Dissentions.

The Town of Galway was poor and disorderly, and the

Country destroyed by the Earl of Clanrickard's Sons, against whom infinite Complaints were made: Nevertheless, they had the Confidence to come unexpectedly into the Church of Galway in the time of Divine Service, and upon their Knees to make their Submission, and at the same time they humbly begged Pardon for their Extravagances, which by Advice of the Privy-Council was granted unto them, although for the present they were confined, and were afterwards carri∣ed to Dublin, and so the Lord Deputy having stayed three Weeks at Galway, set out towards Dublin, and kept Sessions in every County he marched into,* 1.86 and setled Garrisons in all places Convenient, he finished his Progress on the thir∣teenth day of April, 1576.

But the state of Affairs and the miserable Condition of Ireland, are best understood from the lively Representation of them in the Lord Deputies Letters, which import, that the County of Louth was impoverished by the frequent passage of the Army through it, but would recover, if it were pro∣tected from the ill Neighbourhood of the Ferny; That Meath has been harassed by O Connor, and O Molloy, even since their Protections, but that O Reyly behaved himself well: That the Kings Writ did not run in the new Baronies of West meath, but he hoped it should in a little time; that the County of Kildare, was wasted by the O Mores, and the Counties of Wexford and Caterlough, are but little better; that the King's County, and the Queens County are harassed by Rory oge, and that the Undertakers are so poor and few, that two Hun∣dred Soldiers are in Garrison there to protect them, so that those Counties do not yield the Crown the twentieth part of the Charge they put it to; that Kilmallock was re-edified, but that Athenry was the most miserable Spectacle in the World; the whole Town was burnt by the Mac an Earla's, and the Church it self was not exempted from the common Ruin, although the Mother of one of these Vipers was buried therein; but that was so far from mitigating their Fury, that the Son being told his Mother was buried in that Church, replied; That if she were alive, he would sooner burn her and the Church together, than that any English Church should fortifie there; that these Mac an Earla's hated each other, and yet like Herod and Pilate, joined together against any third Person, whom they thought to be a common Enemy; That the Deputy had laid a Tax of two Thousand Pound on the Country, towards the re-edifying Athenry, and took from the Earl of Clanrickard the Castles of Ballyclare, and Ballynislow; That O Connor Dun, and O Flyn submitted to him at Roscomon, and (their Country being destroyed) desired the English Laws and Government; That the whole Pro∣vince

of Connaught was much annoyed by the Scots, whom the Mac an Earla's had brought to their Assistance; That the County of Longford submitted and paid part of their Arrears, and promised the rest; That the Brenny was pretty quiet, that he left Thomas L'estrange, and Thomas Dillon, Commissioners to decide Controvers••es, and Robert Damport Provost-Marshal of Connaught.

But if the Civil State of the Kingdom were in an ill Con∣dition, the Ecclesiastical was in a worse; for there were scarce any Churches or Curates to be found: Many People that never were Christned or knew any thing of God or Re∣ligion, which being made known to the Queen,* 1.87 she sent a Commission to rectifie Ecclesiastical Matters, and William Girald was sent over to be Lord Chancellor, and Sir William Drury to be President of Munster, both which arrived in June, 1576. The Chancellor was immediately setled, and the De∣puty designed to go to Waterford to settle Drury in his Pre∣sidentship of Munster, but he was diverted by the Letters re∣ceived from the Bishop of Meath, and Mayor of Galwey, which advertised, that the Sons of Clanrickard, who had lately submitted (with the connivance of their Father) pas∣sed the Shenin, changed their English, for Irish Apparel, sent for their Friends and the Scots; and being met, went to Athenry, sacked the Town again, and set the new Gates on Fire, defaced the Queens Arms, drove away some, and slew others of the Masons that were building.

The industrious Deputy made such haste, that in three days he was with them, at the Report whereof the Rebels were a∣mazed, and fled to the Mountains; but Clanrickard's Castles were taken, and himself sent close Prisoner to Dublin, though he made many Excuses, but to no purpose, which done, the Deputy restored Castlebar to Mac William Eighter, and went to Galway to comfort and secure the Townsmen and thence to Lymerick, where he setled the President Drury, and thence together, they went to Cork, where the President remained.

The Lord President Drury, being valiant in War, and di∣ligent in times of Peace, by executing Justice severely on the disobedient, and by cherishing those that were Loyal, brought Munster into good Order, the County of Kerry only excepted, which Desmond claimed to be his Palatinate,* 1.88 and exempt from the Presidents Jurisdiction, whereby it came to be a nest of Rogues, and a Sanctuary for Rebels, wherefore the President resolved to break through the pre∣tended Priviledge, and to make Kerry amesnable to the Law.

Desmond used all his Tricks to prevent it, but finding all other Devices fruitless, in shew of kindness he invited the

President to his House in Traly, the President accepted the Invitation, and with an Hundred and forty Persons went in∣to Kerry, keeping Sessions as he went; Desmond had seven Hundred, or eight Hundred Men ready to surprize and Mur∣ther him; but when the President understood what conditi∣on he was 〈◊〉〈◊〉 he encouraged his People all he could, and ma∣king a Vertue of Necessity, resolved rather to give than re∣ceive the Charge, which he did so bravely, that the Rebels were amazed, and fled.

The Countess of Desmond was much troubled at her Hus∣bands Folly, and prayed the President to believe that the Earl had assembled those Men only for a general Hunting to welcome his Lordship, and desired him to be satisfied.—He temporized with the Earl at her Request, but nevertheless kept Court and Sessions in Kerry, whereupon Desmond ha∣ving no other way, with great Clamour impeach'd the Pre∣sident to the Deputy, especially for taking of Cesse.

The Mac an Earla's (Clanrickard's Sons) were up again in Connaught,* 1.89 and had gotten two thousand Scots to their Assi∣stance: they besieged Ballyriagh (or Logreagh) one of the Earl of Clanrickard's Castles; but Thomas Lestrange and Cap∣tain Collier (who lay in Garrison there, with fifty Horse and an hundred Foot,) defended the Place so valiantly, that they forced the Rebels to raise the Siege▪ with the Slaughter of six Captains, and an hundred and fifty, of their Souldiers; where∣at the Rebels were so ne••led, that they immediately fell upon Mac William Oughter, and wasted his Country▪ but upon the Approach of the Lord Deputy, the Rebels dispersed, and thereupon the Deputy divided his Forces, and by the help and intelligence of Mac William Oughter, he met with and defeated several small Parties of the Irish, and killed many, and executed some; and so having restored Mac William to most of his Castles, and being informed that the Scots were retreated to the Routs and the Glinns, he Knighted Sir Nicholas Malby, and according to the Queens Orders, left him Governor of Connaught, and then returned to Dublin, on the thirteenth of October.

In the mean time, Walter Earl of Essex, who had made a second Expedition into Ʋlster, and proceeded successfully there, by the means of his Enemies, received many Affronts from Court, and at length was forced to resign his Command in Ʋlster▪ with the grief whereof (or as others say, with a Dissentery) he died at Dublin, on the twenty second day of September 1576.

Sir John of Desmond had repudiated his own Wife, to mar∣ry the Sister of Mac an Earlas, though she was the rejected the Wife of O Rourk, and by this means he held Correspondence

with his Brothers-in-Law, and assured them Aid out of 〈◊〉〈◊〉 if they would hold out but a little longer▪ But this Treason being discovered, Sir John was imprisoned, and the Earl of Desmond was suspected▪ but ••e was so narrowly watched, and so briskly managed, that he durst not stir, but in his criminal Followers to be tried by ••aw, which for∣merly he had refused to do.

But it was not the Earl of Desmond alone that was male∣content; the Lords of the Pale also began to repi••••, and pub∣lickly complain'd of the Cess, and the father, because the Priviledges and Exemptions that some of them claimed, were now suppressed by Proclamation; whereupon they Petition'd the Lord Deputy, and had a Day appointed to make out their Grievances; at which time they alledged, That they had Liberties and Priviledges which were invaded by the Cess,* 1.90 that the Cess was arbitrary and unreasonable; that it exceeded ten or twelve Pounds a Plow-Land, and that no Tax could be put on them but by Act of Parliament. At another Day, the Chancellor answered, That the Liberties they pretended to, were some void, some expired, and the rest not to be found on Record; that the Cess should be ascer∣tained to five Mark per Plow-Land, if they pleased: That it was the Queens Prerogative to impose it; and that it had been Levied ever since the time of Edward the Third; and that Necessity and Self-Preservation required it.

But the Defendants not contented▪* 1.91 with that Answer, ap∣peal'd to the Queen, and sent over three-Lawyers to negoti∣ate for them (viz.) 〈…〉〈…〉, and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and sent Letters by them to the Queen and Council, Dared the Tenth of September, Subscribed by the Lords 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Del∣vin, Houth, Trimleston, &c. in the Name of the English Pale; The Queen referr'd them to the Council; who examined the Lords Kildare, Ormond, Gormanstown and Dunsany, then in England, and they all agreed, That Cess was constantly im∣posed time out of mind; but prayed there might be Mode∣ration in Levying it: Whereupon, she finding that the De∣sign of the Petitioners was to oppose her Prerogative, sent the Agents to the Prison of the Fleet, and ordered the Depu∣ty to do the like with the Petitioners if they persisted in their Sedition; but nevertheless the Cess should be moderated, and all irregularities in the Levying it punished; but the Peti∣tioners were arrogant and stubborn, and were therefore com∣mitted to the Castle of Dublin, and their Agents were impri∣soned in the Tower of London, but afterwards they submit∣ted, and were Pardoned, and the Cess was reduced to five Marks per Plowland.

However the Irish, according to their custom of scanda∣li••ing and aspersing every thing that opposes them, did 〈◊〉〈◊〉 the Deputy with Calumnies and Impeachments, not at all re∣garding how true or false the Articles were, or else this could never be one of them,* 1.92 That the Lord Deputy wanted 〈◊〉〈◊〉 in his Government, because it is manifest that he was one of the wisest and most prudent Viceroys that ever governed that Kingdom.

But whilst these Controversies about the Cess were under Debate, and James Fitz Morris (who had been at Rome and in Spain) was daily expected home; 〈…〉〈…〉, and O Connor with an Hundred and forty 〈…〉〈…〉 Country, and taking the advantage of the 〈…〉〈…〉 Inhabitants of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 (who celebrated their 〈…〉〈…〉 with the same Riot and Excess as the Pagans did their 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and so were dead Drunk) they surprised that Town, and burnt it, Rory Oge himself 〈◊〉〈◊〉 (like Nero) at the Market-Cross, rejoicing at these 〈…〉〈…〉, thence he marched towards Leighl••n, burning and destroying the Country in his March, and particularly the Village at Leighl••n Bridge.

But George Carew who lay there in Garrison being ashamed to be so served, issued our with seven Horse, and five Shot, and valiantly attacked the Tories, who by this time were two Hundred and Forty; they were surprized and fled, but at length perceiving (though in the Night) the small num∣ber of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, they rallied, and pursued the English to the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and some of them got within the Ga••e, but were beaten out again; in this 〈…〉〈…〉 Captain 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and sixteen Tories were slain, and the English lost two Men and one Horse, and all the rest were wounded.

Rory Oge continued his Depredations, and burnt many Villages;* 1.93 and yet by help of his Intelligence (which was very good) he made a shift to escape the diligent Pursuit that was made after him by 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Captains, Harrington and Co••by. One day a Parly being appointed between them on 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Oaths, the perfidious Rebel seiz'd upon Harrington and Cosby, hand••asted them together, and made them 〈◊〉〈◊〉 after him 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a couple of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, through Woods and Bogg••; in continual fear of Death; at length, an Agreement was al∣most concluded, when Robert Harpool, Constable of Car••••••, accompanied by Lieu••. Parker and fifty Men (having good in∣telligence) went to the Place where Rory Oge 〈◊〉〈◊〉. Rory sur∣prized with the Noise, and suspecting the worst, went to his Prisoners (Harrington and Cosby) and gave them many Wounds, and cut off Cosby's little ••inger; but being in the dark, and in haste, it so hapned, that none of the Wounds

were mortal 〈…〉〈…〉 English having entred the House, I re∣leased Harrington and Cosby, and killed all the rest•• 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Rory Oge and one more escaped in the dark, and could not be found.

Soon after Rory Oge assembled all his strength together, and came to 〈◊〉〈◊〉 early in the Morning, burnt some Houses and 〈…〉〈…〉 him, and killed seventeen of his best Men, and Rory himself hardly escaped.

In the mean time, the Lord Deputy 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 and thither came to him 〈…〉〈…〉 and renewed his former Sub••ission▪ he brought with him to the Town four hundred Pound in Money, and thought it much to his Glory that he and his Followers spent 〈…〉〈…〉 three days time; and so having received some small Presents from the Deputy, (he returned joyfully 〈◊〉〈◊〉

In December, the Deputy 〈◊〉〈◊〉, into the King•• Coun∣ty, and took Pledge•• 〈…〉〈…〉 held Sessions at Kilkenny, where several 〈…〉〈…〉 the City and Country were dis∣covered to be 〈…〉〈…〉 Popish ••uries would not find the Indictments, although the Parties confes∣sed the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 some of them were bound by Re∣cognizance, to appear at the Castle Chamber in Dublin, to answer that 〈◊〉〈◊〉

To Kilkenny came the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 President 〈◊〉〈◊〉 to complain 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Desmond kept 〈…〉〈…〉 which oppressed the Country, and 〈…〉〈…〉 President▪ The Deputy 〈◊〉〈◊〉 for Desmond▪ and 〈◊〉〈◊〉 immedi∣ately came, and excused his not coming to the President, be∣cause he was his 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Enemy; but the Lord Deputy so manag'd it, that they were reconciled and the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 promi∣sed due Obedience.

And so cunningly did that 〈◊〉〈◊〉 dissemble, that he sent the Lord President word of the Arrival of a 〈…〉〈…〉 with many French and Irish Men 〈…〉〈…〉 and Munster, in 〈…〉〈…〉

In the Month of December, 〈…〉〈…〉 Son; whereupon great and cruel 〈…〉〈…〉 ensue between 〈…〉〈…〉 at length their Controversies were referr'd to the De∣puty.

About the same time, some of the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Followers were suspected to be 〈…〉〈…〉 sent for to be 〈…〉〈…〉 to surrender them 〈…〉〈…〉

to be tried; but also joyned with the rest of the Lords and Free-holders of Connaugh•• to settle a certain annual Rent, amounting to about eighteen hundred Pounds 〈◊〉〈◊〉 by way of Composition,* 1.94 and in lieu of all other Services.

But we must return again to that indefatigable Rebel Rory Oge, who sent a Spy to in•••••• Fitz-Patrick, Lord of Upper Ossory;* 1.95 the Messenger (personating a Friend) told that Lord, That Rory Oge had taken a Prey from the County of Kilkenny, which might easily be recovered, and Rory him∣self taken.

Fitz-Patrick prepares for the Enterprize; but wisely sus∣pecting the worst, made his Party as strong as he could; and being come to the Place, he sent thirty Men into the Wood, to search for the Tories, and himself and the rest of his Par∣ty kept on the Plain; Rory Oge, with about thirty appeared, leaving the rest in Ambush, and being proud and conceited, thought with his Presence to fright••n Fitz-Patrick's Keins; but he found them more valiant; for they fought stoutly, and amongst the rest, slew Rory-Oge himself on the last day of June 1578. And though the Deputy offered the valiant Baron the thousand Marks due by Proclamation for Rory's Head; yet he would take but one hundred Pounds thereof, to be divided amongst his Men.

In the mean time, Philip King of Spain, being vexed at the Aid which Queen Elizabeth under-hand gave to the Hol∣landers,* 1.96 resolved to requite her with the like secret Assistance to the Irish; and the holy Father Gregory the Thirteenth, (partly to propagate Religion, and partly to obtain that Kingdom of Ireland, for his Son James Buon Campagno, whom he had made Marquess of Vin••ola) was willing to contri∣bute to the Charge of the Irish Rebellion: Wherefore they confederated and agreed to joyn Forces and Councils, and to send Aid to Ireland, under the Command of Stukely, an En∣glish Fugitive; who by his extravagant Boasting, had rais∣ed the Pope's expectation to the greatest height; wherefore, to qualifie him for so high a Command, Stukely was made Marquess of Leinster, Earl of Wexford and Catherlogh, Vis∣count Murrough, and Baron of Ross, and furnished with eight hundred Soldiers, with which he set Sail from Civita Vecchia, and arrived in Portugal.

Sebastian King of Portugal, was at that time intent on his Wars in Africk, and promised Stukely, that if he would at∣tend him into Mauritania, that then he would (immediate∣ly after the Africk War) accompany Stukely to Ireland: The Irish General agrees, and to Africk they go, where they were killed in the famous Battel, wherein three Kings are said to be slain.

The Viscount Baltinglass (whose real trouble was Religi∣on and the Cess) pretends great Oppression from Marshal Malby and his Soldiers; one Night they lay at Baltinglass, when they went against Rory Oge; the Viscount made a for∣mal Complaint to the Deputy, and did the like to the Queen, by Letters sent to the Earl of Ormond, and communicated to her▪ Whereupon, her Majesty gave strict Order to exa∣mine the Matter; and it was sound, that Malby, at coming to Baltinglass, had made Proclamation against Oppression, and at parting thence, made Proclamation for those to come in for reparation that had any cause 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Complaint▪ and so this Matter ended, to the Disgrace of the Viscount.

In Ʋister, Mac Mahon had committed a barbarous Murder on the Son and Heir of Ma••genis, and therefore at Ma••genis his Complaint and Request, the Deputy marched into Mac Mahon's Country, and burnt and destroyed it.

And so this good Lord Deputy, having been eleven years, and seven several times Chief Governor of Ireland, leaves that unfortunate Country in greater Quiet than ever it had been in before; having first caused the Irish Statutes to be Print∣ed, and the Records to be put in good Method and Order; he beautified the Castle of Dublin, anno 1571, repaired A••henry, built the Bridge of Athlona, which opened a Passage into Con∣naught; he began to wall Oarrig f••rgus, he built a Gaol at Molingar; and in his time the Revenue was increased eleven thousand Pounds; but finding all these Services. under valu∣ed, he laboured to be 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and had Orders of the twen∣tieth of March, to return▪ but they were super••eded by Let∣ters of the nineteenth of May, 〈◊〉〈◊〉 requiring him to stay till the Lord Chancellor Gerard (to whom the Queen had granted Licence to transport Yarn, non obstante the Statute, and whom she commends exceedingly) should arrive▪ which hapning in August, the Deputy, by the Queens Orders, surrendred to Sir William Drury, on the twelfth of September, and had Leave to go for England. Henry the Eighth was this God∣father, and Edward the Sixth his Companion; and so fond of him, that he died in his Arms: And undoubtedly he was,* 1.97 as Cambden says, One of the most commendable Depu∣ties that ever was in Ireland.

Sir William Drury, Lord Deputy, was sworn in Christ-Church, Dublin, on the fourteenth day of September; and on the twenty ninth, he began his, Journey to Munster, being ac∣companied by Sir Edward Fitton, and others of the Council, and by their Letter to the Queen, of the twentieth of Novem∣ber, they shew the necessity of a President of Munster, and that upon the 〈◊〉〈◊〉 of its Suspension, the Irish Lords thought they lost time, if they did not immediately resort to their

former Tyranny,* 1.98 they give some Instances, and particularly of the Lord Roch, who kept a Freeholder who had eight Plow∣lands, Prisoner, and Hand-locked him until he had surren∣dred or released seven Plow-lands and an half of them, up∣on agreement to keep the remaining half Plow-land free; but when this was done, the Lord Roch extorted as many exacti∣ons from that half Plow-land as from any other half Plow-land in his Country, and that both the Lords Barry and Roch, without Right or Process, that very Harvest took away all the Corn from the Farms of those▪ Tenants they had Contro∣versy with, or spight to; and even the great Men were un∣der the same Oppressions from the greater; for the Earl of Desmond forcibly took away the Seneschal of Imokilly's Corn from his own Land, although he was one of the most consi∣derable Gentlemen in Munster; which I observe, to shew the difference between English Government, and Irish Tyran∣ny.

And it must not be forgotten that in October, Matthew Sheyn Bishop of Cork, burnt St. Dominick's Image at the high Cross of Cork, to the great grief of the superstitious People there.

The Lord Deputy in his way to Limerick, lay at Castleton Roch, but the Earl of Desmond (being at odds with the Lord Roch) would not got go thither, and the Deputy was after∣wards troubled that he went thither, when he understood that the Lorch Roch cessed his Tenants for the Deputies En∣tertainment.

The Deputy found the Earl of Desmond, and the Earl of Glencar at so great difference, that they were almost ready to draw into the Field, as was usual; their contest was about the Bounds of Kerry, viz. Whether Macarty's Lands were within the County Palatine of Kerry, or not? Neither were the feuds be∣tween the Butlers and Giraldines any thing less than the other;* 1.99 both sides had made great Preparations for Battle; but the Lord Deputy interposed effectually to determine, or at least suspend these Controversies, and he also perswaded Desmond to take a certain Rent of his Tenants, instead of Coin and Livery, and he Executed twenty two Criminals at Limerick, and thir∣ty six at Kilkenny, one of which was a Blackamoor, and two others were Witches, and were condemned by the Law of Nature, for there was no positive Law against Witchcraft in those Days.

Moreover, the Lord Deputy bound several Citizens by Recognizance of forty Pound, to come to Church to hear di∣vine Service every Sunday, pursuant to the Queen's Injun∣ctions; and he advised the Bishop of Ossory to make a Rate for the repair of the Church, and to distrain for it, and so ha∣ving punished some Townsmen of Cork and Kilmallock for

abusing the Soldiers, and having received the Submissi∣on of Sir James Desmond, Sir Pierce Butler, and all the Cave∣naughs, he returned to Dublin.

In the mean time that indefatigable Rebel, James Fitz-Mor∣ris (nowithstanding his Oath of Allegiance taken before Sir John Perrot at Kilmallock) went over to France,* 1.100 and having two Years sollicited that King in vain, he made a more suc∣cessful Address to the Pope and the King of Spain, by whom being furnished with a few Men and some Money,* 1.101 he came accompanied with the Jesuits, Allen and Sanders (who was also Legate) and out of his three Ships, Landed fourscore Spaniards, and some Irish and English Papists at Smerwick in Kerry in the latter end of July, 1579. Immediately they built a small Fort, and drew up their Ships under it, and the Legate Sanders hallowed the place, and promised them suc∣cess; but Captain Thomas Courtny being at Kinsale with one of the Queens Ships, at the perswasion of Henry Davells doubled the Point, and took the three Ships in the Bay, and put the Spaniards into a Pannick Fear, notwithstanding the Pope's Blessing.

However Sir John and James of Desmond, as soon as they had not notice of the Invasion, hastned to their Cozen James Fitz Morris, and were at first kindly received; but Sir John easily perceived a coldness towards him, and that the Rebels entertained some Jealousies of him because of his Familiarity with his old Friend Henry Davells, and therefore to establish his Reputation with them,* 1.102 per aliquod facinus dignum (as Mr. Sullivan phrases it) he basely and perfidiously Murthered his Bosom-Friend, D••vells, and one Carter at Traley, and left a fair Caution to Posterity, which has been simply and fatally neglected by those that pay dear for it at this Day; however the Legate, Sanders commended the Fact, and said it was a sweet Sacrifice in the Sight of God.

The Earl of Desmond was as deep in this Rebellion as any body, as is manifest from the following Confederacy.

WHereas the Right Honourable Garret,* 1.103 Earl of Des∣mond hath Assembled us his Kinsmen, Followers, Friends and Servants about him, after his coming out of Dublin, and made us privy to such Articles as by the Lord Deputy, and Coun∣cil was delivered 〈…〉〈…〉 eighth of July, 1579. To be per∣formed, as also his 〈…〉〈…〉 the said Articles, which said An∣swers we find so 〈…〉〈…〉 with one accord do counsel and advise the said 〈…〉〈…〉 nor yield to any more than in his Letter is 〈…〉〈…〉; and further, the said Earl de∣clared unto us, that if he do not yield presently to the Perform∣ance of the same Articles, and put in his pledges for observation

thereof, that then the Lord Deputy will bend his force, and make War against him. We the Persons underwritten do advise and Coun∣sel the said Earl to defend himself from the violence of the said Lord Deputy, that doth ask so unreasonable a Demand, as in the said Articles is contained, and for to defend and stick to this our Advice and Council, we renounce God if we do spare Life, Body, Lands and Goods, but will be aiding, helping, and assisting the said Earl, to maintain and defend this our Advice against the said Lord Deputy, or any other that will covet the said Earl's Inheritance.

In witness whereof that this is our Counsel to the said Earl, we have hereunto put our Hands the 18th of July, 1578.

Garret Desmond, Thomas Lixnaw, John Desmond, John Fitz James, Rory Mac Shehey, Morrogh O Bryan, Moriarta Mac Bryan of Loncorthe, Fa K. E—Fa D. K. B—, Theobald Burk, Daniel O Brian, Richard Burk, John Brown, Daniel Mac Canna of Dumbrain, James Russell, Richard Fitz Ed∣mund Girald, Ʋlick Mac Thomas of Ballincarrigy, Ʋlick Burk, John Fitz William of Karnederry, Teig O Heyn of Chai∣rely.

Nevertheless the Earl dissembled the Matter and tempo∣rized for a long time; he was building a Castle, when the news first came of James's Arrival, and immediately he discharged the Workmen, and pretending to oppose the Spaniards, he sent to Mac Carthy More, to summon him to assist him, Mac Carthy came accordingly, and shewed himself forward in the Matter, but as soon as he discovered Desmond's Inclinati∣ons, he took his leave and returned.

Nevertheless, the Earl of Desmond at the perswasion of Captain Appesly was (against his Will) obliged to remove to Askeaton; however he suffered, and secretly encouraged ma∣ny of his Followers to go over to the Spaniards, but that did not satisfie them, for when they found themselves disappoint∣ed of those great Aids that were promised them, their Cou∣rage began to abate, and they entertained Thoughts of re∣turning home, and undoubtedly they had done so, but that James Fitz Maurice kept up their Spirits by large Promises of speedy Assistance, and in order to procure it, he under∣took a Journey to Connaught, but pretended only to go in Pil∣grimage to pay his Devotions to the Holy Cross in Typerary; he took with him four Horse, and twelve Kerns, and being come into Burk's Country, in the County of Limerick,* 1.104 and wanting a Horse, he ordered his Men to take the first they met

with, which they did out of a Plow of Burk's; the Plow∣men raise the Hue-and-Cry, whereupon Sir William Burk's Sons pursued them, and at length overtook them, Headed by Fitz Morris, with whom their Father had formerly join∣ed in Rebellion; Fitz Morris immediately calls out Coz Theo∣dore, Two Garons shall make no Breach between you and I, I hope you will do as I do; Burk replied, He had too much of Rebelli∣on already, and had sworn the contrary, and therefore would have his Horses. Fitz Morris thought it dishonourable to part with what he had gotten, and so to Skirmish they go, which was brisk enough, and ended in the slaughter of both of them. Fitz Morris was quartered at Kilmallock, and Sir William Burk was afterwards made Baron of Castleconnel, with Joy whereof he died.

Upon notice that James Fitz Maurice, and the Spaniards were arrived, the Lord Deputy with the Army (which was but four hundred Foot, and two hundred Horse) marched to Munster, accompanied by the Marshal Bagnal, Malby, Wing∣feild, Waterhouse, Fitton, Masterson, and others of that sort, and by the Lords of Kildare, Moungarret, Upper Ossory, and Dunboyn, who brought two hundred Horse of their own, besides Kern; when they came to Kilmallock, the Deputy sent Messengers for the Earl of Desmond, and some others whom he suspected.

Desmond after much lingring, and many vain excuses, came to the Camp well attended; but some of his tricks being dis∣covered, he was committed to Prison, and thereupon being fear∣ful lest all his secret Treasons and Combinations might be unra∣velled, he so passionately humbled himself to the Deputy, that upon the renewal of his oath of Allegiance he was set at Liberty.

In the mean time, his Brother Sir John Desmond was at the head of the Rebels, and encamped near Sleavelogher; but the Deputy quickly feased them thence, and having divided his small Army into three Parts; he pursued the Irish so close, that he often lay in the place where they had lain the night before; nevertheless, he could never overtake these light foot∣ed Enemies, and therefore having destroyed the Forage, he returned to Kilmallock, and Encamped at Gibbings-Town, and continued nine Weeks, marching up and down thereabouts, with very great toil, but to no great purpose.

Only the Captains, Herbert and Price, being detached with two hundred Men, did some Execution on the Rebels at a place called the Blackwood: But in their return homeward, they were surprized by an Ambush of Sir John Desmond's, and them∣selves, and most of their Company slain, without any great dammage to the Irish, saving that their Commander, Sir John Desmond was wounded in the Nose.

But the Army being recruited by the arrival of the Captains,* 1.105 Bourchier, Carew and Dowdall, with six hundred Men to Waterford, and of Sir John Perrot with six Ships to Cork, the Deputy made another incursion into Connilo, but could not meet with the Rebels, and so finding himself Sick, he left the Army with Sir Nicholas Malby, and retired to Wa∣terford, and having Knighted Bourchier, Stanly, Carew, More, Pelham, Gorge Perrot, and Walsh, he died the last day of September, 1579.

The Earl of Desmond continued his Profession of Loyalty, and pretended to act separately, but would not by any means venture himself in the Camp, or in any walled Town, however he sent his only Son to be a hostage of his fidelity, and the Coun∣tess brought the Child to the Deputy a little before his Death.

During the Interval between the Deputies sickness, and the Election of a new one, the Marshal Malby managed the Army, which consisted of nine hundred Foot, and an hun∣dred and fifty Horse, whereof he left fifty Horse, and three hundred Foot with Captain Bourchier at Killmallock, and marched with the rest to refresh them at Limerick.

After they had a little Rest, the Marshal made an incursi∣on into Connilo,* 1.106 and at Monaster Neva, about nine Miles from Limerick, he met with Sir John of Desmond, and two Thou∣sand Rebels, and it came to a Battle, wherein the Irish be∣haved themselves valiantly, and with great resolution recei∣ved the first and second Charge; however they could not forget the known Maxim of some Men, That if the Enemy wont run, they will, and therefore at the third Charge their Sto∣machs came down, and their General, Sir John, was as nim∣ble as any of them to shelter himself in a Bog; however he left two hundred and sixty of his Myrmidons behind him, who were killed upon the Spot, and amongst them the fa∣mous Legat, Doctor Allen.

The Earl of Desmond and the Lord of Kerry, from a little Hill, hard by, were the Melancholy Spectators of this Battle; and although Desmond did the next day send a Messenger to Malby to congratulate his Victory, and had put in his Son as a pledge for his Loyalty, and although the Lord of Kerry's Son Patrick, was a sworn Officer to the Queen in England, and was now come over by her Majesties Leave, only to see his Father, and although all of them are of the noble Fami∣ly of Fitz Girald, and consequently of English Extraction; yet they were so bigotted with sensless Superstition, that the Irish Priests (who are the most ignorant Clerks in the World) could lead these Noblemen by the Nose into the greatest Fol∣ly, Ingratitude, and Disloyalty that ever was known, so that henceforward we must expect to find these English Lords in

open Rebellion with the Irish against the Crown of Eng∣land.

The victorious Malby encamped that night by the Abby of Monaster Neva, and after two or three days removed to Ra∣kele, and encamped there; a Party of the Earl of Desmond's came confidently within a Mile of the Camp, but were well beaten for their pains, and some that were taken Prisoners, discovered many of Desmond's Designs, and that he had been in the Field ever since the Battel of Monaster Neva; but they needed not to be so nice in their Examinations, for that ve∣ry Night put the Matter out of doubt, and Desmond and his Brother did personally assault the English Camp, but came off (as they used to do) with Loss and Disgrace; however, the Marshal thought it necessary to remove to Askeaton, hav∣ing first setled a Garrison at Rakeal, and he performed what he designed, although the Enemy did frequently skirmish with him in his March; and then having notice of the De∣puty's Death, he placed Sir William Stanly and Captain Ca∣rew at Adare, and sent the rest of the Army to other Garri∣sons.

Hereupon, the Rebels insulted at a great Rate, bragging, that they would take all the Garrisons; and Sir John of Des∣mond, with four hundred Foot and fifty Horse, actually besieg'd Adare; so that the Garrison durst not peep abroad till their vi∣ctuals failed them; and then Necessity whetted their Courage, and made their Swords as sharp as their Stomachs; so that Sir John was forced to retire. The English had but one small Cot, which would hold about eight Men, and by help of it, an hundred and twenty Men of the Garrison of Adare were wafted over the River,* 1.107 into the Knight of the Glinns Coun∣try, and being unexpected there, they did great Execution; but they staid so long, that the Knight of the Glin and Sir John Desmond had got together thirty Horse, and four hun∣dred Foot, some Irish, and some Spaniards, and overtook them, and entertain'd a brisk Skirmish for about eight hours; nevertheless the English made good their Retreat, without any considerable Loss, and killed about fifty of the Enemy.

Sir William Pelham, Lord Justice, was chosen by the Coun∣cil,* 1.108 and sworn in Christ-Church, Dublin, on the eleventh of October, and immediately he Knighted the Lord Chancelor Gerard, and youg Edward Fitton.

After Dinner,* 1.109 the Council sate, and directed Letters to all the considerable Irishmen, to confirm them in their Loyalty; particularly, to Pheagh Mac Hugh, Sir Hugh O Reily, Sir Hugh Macguire, Turlogh Lynogh, &c. and they also appointed the Earl of Ormond to be Governor of Munster, and Sir Warham Saint-Leger, to be Provost Marshal thereof, and ordered Des∣mond's

Son to be conveyed to the Castle of Dublin, to be safe∣ly kept.

The Lord Justice having dispatched the Chancellor to Eng∣land, to inform her Majesty how Matters stood in Ireland; and having committed the Care of the North-Borders to the Earl of Kildare, marched into Munster,, taking with him the three Bands lately brought from Berwick, by the Captains Walter, Case and Pikeman; he came to Kilkenny, the nine∣teenth of October, and kept Sessions two Days, and sate in Person, insomuch that Edmond Mac Neil, and other notable Traytors were then executed; and he also reconciled the Earl of Ormond and the Lord of Upper Ossory.

At Cashel the Earl of Ormond came to him with two hun∣dred and thirty Men, and hence his Excellency sent Letters to the Earl of Desmond to repair to him, that he might re∣concile him and Sir Nicholas Malby; thence he went to Lime∣rick, where he was well received, and the Mayor Presented him with a thousand Armed Citizens; here also he was met by Malby and the Army; and the next day he went to a Vil∣lage called Fannings, where he gave Orders for a General Hosting or Rising out; and thither came the Countess of Desmond, with Letters from her Husband.

Hereupon the Earl of Ormond was sent to expostulate with Desmond, upon sundry Articles; whereto he returned a tri∣fling Answer, on the the thirtieth of October, complaining of old Injuries, &c. Wherefore other Letters were sent from Crome, where the Lord Justice then was; but to no pur∣pose; for though Desmond protested Loyalty, yet he would not come to the Camp; nay he was known to act rebelli∣ously, even while he was writing his Protestation; for the Lord Justice being removed to Rakeal, was allarm'd by some Rebels; whereof four being killed, one was found to be Des∣mond's Butler, and himself was not far off; wherefore he was Proclaimed Traytor in the Camp, the second day of No∣vember 1579. unless he should surrender himself in twenty days; and immediately the Army proceeded to destroy his Country with Fire and Sword. And it must not be omitted, that the Lords of Gormanstown and Delvin (who were of the Council, and attended the Lord Justice in this Expedition) were so tainted and corrupted with Popery, that they refu∣sed to sign the Proclamation against Desmond; for which, they were afterwards severely reprimanded by a Letter from the Lords of the Council in England.

On the third of November, the Lord Justice removed to Puble O Bryan, and Mustered the Army, and so leaving two hundred and fifty Horse, and eight Ensigns of Foot with the Earl of Ormond, he returned to Limerick.

The Earl of Desmond thought to divert the Army from farther prosecution in Conilogh, by making an Incursion into Imokilly; and being there, at the request of the Seneschal of Imokilly, he attack'd Youghal, and finding small resistance, he easily took, and afterwards plundered that Town; where∣upon the Earl of Ormond sent Captain White and a Company of Soldiers in a Ship from Waterford, and they valiantly en∣tred into the Town by the Water-gate; but being over-pow∣ered by the numerous Forces of the Seneschal's, White and most of his Men were slain, and the rest with great difficul∣ty escaped to their Ship.

Hereupon, Desmond grew so insolent,* 1.110 that he wrote an arrogant Letter to the Lord Justice, importing, that he and his Brethren were entred into the Defence of the Catholick Faith, under the Protection of the Pope and the King of Spain, and advised the Lord Justice to joyn with him, and nine days after, he wrote Circular Letters to such of the Lords and Gentlemen of Leinster, as he thought to be rebelliously inclined; the Form of which Letters may be seen in the fol∣lowing Letter which he sent to Pheagh Mac Hugh.

MY well beloved Friend, I commend me to you; It is so, that I and my Brother are entred into the Defence of the Catholick Faith, and the overthrow of our Country by English Men, which had overthrown the Holy Church, and go about to over-run our Country, and make it their own, and to make us their Bond men; wherein we are to desire you to take part with us, according at you are bound by Conscience and by Nature, to defend your Country: And if you be afraid we should shrink from you after you should enter this Cause, you shall understand, that we took this Matter in hand with great Authority, both from the Popes Holiness, and from King Philip, who do undertake to further us in our Affairs as we shall need: Wherefore you shall not need to fear to take one part of it; and be assured we will ne∣ver agree with none of your Adversaries without your Consent; and this our Letter shall be a sufficient Warrant for the same.

Newcastle, Novemb. 29. 1579.

Besides the Nonsence and Illiterature appearing in this Let∣ter, is it not prodigious that Fitz-Girald, an English Man; should rail against his own Nation, and think that to be the worst of Faults which was most inseparable from him, & the Foundation of his greatness, viz. his extraction; or that he, who held his Estate by English Laws and Patents, should so in∣sist upon his Possession, as to forget his Title, and by a stu∣pid

Contradiction, look upon the English as Usurpers, whilst he himself had no other Right? But he, who could fancy, that any Authority in Ireland, could be derived from King Philip, might swallow impossibilities, and without fear or wit, run into destruction, as he did.

In the mean time, the Lord General Ormond invaded Con∣nilogh,* 2.1 to which Place Desmond was again returned; but did not at all expect that Attack, so that most of the Inhabitants were surprized, and either killed or taken Prisoners, and the Villages were either plundered or burnt; the Earl was like to be surprized at Newcastle, and very narrowly esca∣ped: And not long after Ormond had a Brush with the Se∣neschal of Connilogh; and though Ormond got the better, yet he lost many of his Soldiers; and therefore in revenge he burnt all the Country about Lefinnen, and then marched to Cork, and in the way he took a Prey of fifteen hundred Cows, and brought them thither.

At Cork, Ormond disposed of his Army into Garrisons, and then went to Cashel, having by the way taken the Mayor of Youghal, who had formerly refused a Garrison, and under∣took to defend the Town against the Rebels; and yet when Desmond attacked it, the Mayor delivered it up almost with∣out Blows; and therefore, to appease the Queen (who was mightily troubled at the scandalous Loss of Youghal) the Mayor was deservedly executed before his own Door; and it is observable, that Youghal was wholly deserted; so that there was not one Soul left in it, except one Fryar, who was spared for the Humanity he had shewed to the Corps of Henry Davels, which he carefully buried; but the old Inha∣bitants, were by Proclamation of the first day of February, invited to return, and to encourage them thereunto, a Gar∣rison of three hundred Foot was left in the Town under the Command of the Captains Morgan and Pierce.

In the mean time,* 2.2 Ormond made great Preparations to reco∣ver the Castle of Sangically from the Spaniards, from whom he expected stout and obstinate Resistance; but on the contrary, they deserted the Castle upon view of the Army, and fled over the Water, but were so hotly pursued, that most of them were slain, and a Garrison was put into the Castle.

Ormond's Head Quarters were at Adare, and it being usual for the Soldiers to range abroad for Forage or Plunder, Des∣mond placed an Ambush so luckily, that it once intercepted them; but being stout, and well disciplin'd Men, they made good their Retreat without any Disadvantage.

In the mean time, the Lord Justice (whom we left at Limerick) marched into Thomond, where the Earl, and his Son, and two Servants, very ill mounted, met his Lordship,

and waited on him to Galway; and there the Lord Justice confirm'd the Priviledges of that Town,* 2.3 and thence march∣ed through Athenry, Ballinislow and Athlone, to Dublin, and there he found William Norris, and an hundred and fifty brave Horse (all in a Livery of Red Coats and Yellow Lace) newly arrived from England, which were immedi∣ately sent to Quarter at the Newry, where Norris died on Christmas Day.

Captain Casy's Company, that was left in Galway, was forced to hire a House for the Soldiers, and the Queen paid the Rent of it; and on the twenty eighth of November a Custodiam of the Bishoprick of Ross was granted to Robert Drury, for three Years; and on the 3d. of Dec. the L. Justice kept Sessions at Trim, and caused 16 Malefactors to be execu∣ted, and on the 10th of Dec. Sir Hugh O Reily made his Sub∣mission at Drogheda, and the same day 5000 l. in Money arri∣ved out of England.

On the eighteenth of January the Lord Justice left Dub∣lin, and came by the Sea-coast to Wexford, where he kept Sessions, and sate personally in the Court; thence by Tin∣tern he came to Waterford, where he was nobly received, and the Mayor carried the Sword before him: The Earl of Ormond met him at Waterford; and upon Advertisement that the Rebels drew near Dungarvan and Youghal, Captain Zouch was sent with four hundred Foot, and an hundred Horse to oppose them.

On the Eleventh of February a Commission of Martial Law was sent to Sir Warham Saint-Leger,* 2.4 and then the Lord Justice, having stayed three Weeks at Waterford, removed to Clonmel, where Ormond met him again, and thence he march∣ed to Limerick, and had his Baggage carried a great part of the way on Mens Shoulders, for want of Carriage-Horses, or because of the badness of the Way, or both; at Limerick the Chancellor of that Diocess, was found guilty of Treason, for corresponding with Desmond, but he made Shift to get a Pardon, whilst the Bishop of Limerick (who was shrewd∣ly suspected) was confined to his House.

On the Tenth of March, the Lord Justice and Ormond met at Rakele, and the next day they passed over the Bridge of Adare, and returned at Night; and then they divided their Forces, and invaded Conniloe, burning and spoiling the Coun∣try, and incamped within one Mile of Kilcolman, where they had News that Lieutenant Parker, five Horse, and three Foot, coming from Limerick, were set upon by an hundred Rebels, near Rakele; but they so behaved themselves, that they slew the Commander, and five or six more of the Ene∣my, and came off with small Loss; the same day a Soldier of the Marshal's encountred two lusty Kerns, and having slain

one, he compell'd the other to carry his Fellow's Head to the Camp, where he was likewise slain.

On the twelfth of March, the Army being divided, Prey∣ed and burnt the Country to Slevelogher, as they did likewise the next day, and slew above four hundred Men, whereup∣on the Lord Lixnaw was humbled, and made his Sub∣mission.

The Lord Justice having marched as far as Slewemiss be∣yond Traley, and not being able to pass farther, resolved to besiege Carrigifoyl, which was Desmond's chief strength, and it was Garrisoned with nineteen Spaniards, and fifty Irish, under one Julio, an Italian Engineer: The Lord Justice co∣ming to view it, had like to have been killed with a Musquet Shot; nevertheless, he persevered in his Resolution, and caused the Castle to be battered with three Cannon, a Cul∣verin, and a demy-Culverin, till a Breach was made, at which Captain Macworth entred and took the Castle, putting fifty to the Sword, and six he took, and executed them in the Camp; the Captain, Julio was preserved two or three days for certain Considerations, and then not complying with the Lord Justices Expectations, he was Hanged.

On the third of April,* 2.5 the Army sat down before Askeaton, which is a very strong Castle built upon Rocks, and of very difficult Access; nevertheless, the cowardly Garrison were so frightned with the example of Carrigifoyl,* 2.6 that they basely deserted the Castle the first night of the Siege, having first layed a train of Powder, which burned great part of the Castle, but did not prejudice the principal Towers: The same day George Carew, and others with three Companies at∣tempted Ballyloghane another Castle of Desmond's, which the Garrison upon sight of them likewise deserted, but not so timely but that (being closely pursued) many of them were slain.

Now was Desmond dispossessed of all his Castles, and there∣fore the Lord Justice leaving four Companies at Askelon, re∣turned to Lymerick on the fifth of April, as Ormond did to Kilkenny, Malby to Connaught, and others to Dublin.

However, the Army (tho in Garrison) was not ildle, but behaved themselves effectually as they found Occasion, even the Lord Justice himself went by Sea from Lymerick to Adare, and sent Captain Case by Land, and both returned after the slaughter of many Traytors, with a Prey of twelve Hundred Cows, and many Sheep.

At Lymerick, the fifteenth of May the Lord Justice receiv∣ed a Com••ission from the Queen to be Lord Justice, and another 〈…〉〈…〉 Sir William Burk Baron of Castleconnel, with a Yearly Pension of an hundred Marks during Life.

On the thirteenth of May,* 2.7 Pope Gregory the thirteenth granted to all the Irish that would fight against the Queen, the same plenary Pardon and remission of all their Sins, as to those that are engaged in the Holy War against the Turk.

On the seventeenth of May, a separate Commission of Mar∣tial Law was granted granted to the Lord Rooh, and Sir Cor∣mack Mac Teig of Muskry, with Power to give Protection for fifteeen days to any other than the principal Rebels.

On the fourteenth day of June the Lord Justice invaded and destroyed Clanawliff, and thence marched through Sleve∣logher to Kerry, and on the fifteenth took a Prey of two Thousand Kine, and many Sheep, and mist but little of sur∣prizing the Earl of Desmond, and Doctor Sanders, this last being fain for haste to leave his Gown behind him; he took another Prey the next day at Castlemange; nevertheless, the Army being ill payed, began to Mutiny, and some of them refused to march with the Earl of Ormond into the Mountains of Kerry; but by the Lord Justice's Discretion, this Sediti∣on was appeased, and the Mutineers were Pardoned.

On the eighth of July, the Popish Lords of Munster appeared before the Lord Justice at Limerick, and being charged with Correspondence with the Rebels, and negligence in Prosecuting them, all of them (except the Lord Barry) submitted and promised future Loyalty, and were ordered to maintain two thousand Men during the War, and to give Pledges of Performance; but the next day they thought the Charge too heavy, and therefore were confined to their Chambers, till they sent their Pledges; soon after Sir Cor∣mock Mac Teig was dismissed with Favour, and an Order to the Country to assist him in his Attempts against the Rebels, because he had promised to do some considerable Service, which he very luckily effected; for James of Desmond, on the fourth of August invaded Muskry, and took a Prey from Sir Cormock Mac Teig,* 2.8 then Sheriff of the County of Cork, whereupon his Brother Daniel Mac Teig, assembled what Force he could get together to rescue the Prey; it was briskly disputed between them, and the issue was, the Desmonians being an Hundred and Fifty, were beaten, and most of them slain, and Sir James being taken Prisoner, was brought to Sir Warham Saint Leger, and Captain Rawleigh, who caused him to be Hanged, Drawn, and Quartered at Cork.

In August, Ormond dislodged from Adare, and marched to Buttevant, where a strange kind of Sickness (called after∣ward in England, The gentle Correction) seized the whole Army; it took them in the Head, and for two or three Days they lay Senseless, and then recovered, few or none died of it, though by the Violence of the Disease, it was not expected that many could recover.

Ormond divided his small Army into two Parts, and march∣ed

with one half to Castle-Island, and the other he sent to Tra∣ley in Kerry, where all met, and then dividing into three Parts, marched to Dingle, and as they went, they drove the whole Country before them, whereby they took a Prey of eight thousand Cows, besides Garrons, Sheep, &c. and slew a great many People, and had slain more, but that Sir Wil∣liam Winter (who was then in the Harbour of Ventry, with some of Her Majesties Ships) gave many of them Prote∣ctions.

This Winter was Vice-Admiral of England, and came to cruise about the Coast, and to prevent the Spaniards Landing if they should come, but he had not the Patience to stay, or else believed they would not come in the Winter, so he return∣ed home before they came.

In the mean time the Earl of Desmond was reduced to great Extremity, more of his Followers having perished by the Famine, than were destroyed by the Sword, so that the Coun∣tess came with Tears in her Eyes to intercede for her Hus∣band,* 2.9 and Sir John Desmond, and Doctor Sanders endeavour∣ed to fly to the Lord of Baltinglass, who was up in Leinster, but they were like to be intercepted by the Garrison of Kil∣mallock, who met them and their two Servants, and took the Servants whilst the Masters escaped, so they were forced to return to Kerry, and had been taken there, but that a false Brother gave them notice of the Design; however, they took two Fryers, and a Prey of two hundred and thirty Kine, and slew divers of the Rebels.

In the mean time the new Lord Deputy landed at Dublin on the twelfth of August, and immediately sent for the Sword; but the Lord Justice did not think fit to part with it until he personally surrendred it, which he made no haste to do, but instead of going directly to Dublin, (having left Sir George Bourchier, Collonel of Munster with two thousand eight hun∣dred and twenty Foot, and three hundred ninety five Horse, and given him and others proper instructions) he rode to Killalow, where the unconscionable Bishop demanded thirty Pound for one Nights grazing for an Hundred and sixty Horse; and thence he went to Connaught to settle the new President, Sir Nicholas Malby, and so on the sixth of Septem∣ber he came to Dublin, and on the fourteenth of the same Month, at St. Patrick's Church he surrendred the Sword to

Arthur Lord Grey, Baron of Wilton, Knight of the Gar∣ter,* 2.10 Lord Deputy, whose Instructions bearing date in July, were, 1. To observe former Instructions, whereof he shall have a Copy, 2. To assure the Irish of the Queens Protecti∣on and Favour, if they deserve it. 3. To hinder the Soldier from oppressing the Subject, and to notifie this by Proclama∣tion, and to punish the Offenders, though Captains. 4. To shorten the War by effectual Prosecution. 5. To continue the

Justice of Munster, and to encrease his Allowance as you and the Council think fit. 6. After All-hollantide to disband as many of the new Soldiers as can be well spared, and secure their Arms. 7. Not to grant Pardons and Protections, but upon especial reasons, and to mention the Crime in the Par∣don.

This Lord Grey, before he was sworn, viz. in August, ha∣ving notice that one Fitz Girald (with his Company, which he had in the Quens Pay) was revolted to the Lord Baltin∣glass, and being joyned with Pheagh Mac Hugh, and other Rebels, had secured themselves in the fastnesses of Glendilogh, in the County of Wicklow, and did daily encrease both in number and mischief, ordered a smart Party to attack them: Cosby, an experienced Soldier, disswaded the Attempt, but having positive Orders, the Foot entred the Glins, whilst the Lord Grey with the Horse scowred the Plains; but the Rebels being well acquainted with these Woods,* 2.11 laid their Ambushes so cunningly, that the English could neither fight in that dive∣lish place, nor retire out of it: Courage could but little avail them, whilst being mired in the Bogs, they were forced to stand still like Butts, to be shot at: Discipline or Conduct were of no use in that place where it could not be practised; in short, the English were defeated, and the whole Company slain, ex∣cept some few that were rescued by the Horsemen,* 2.12 and a∣mongst the rest, Sir Peter Carew, Collonel Moor, and the valiant Captains, Audely and Cosby were killed in this unfortunate Conflict.

About the latter end of September, seven hundred Spaniards and Italians under the Command of San Joseph an Italian, landed at Smerwick in Kerry, being sent by the Pope, and King of Spain to propagate Catholick Religion in Ireland; they im∣mediately built a Fort, and called it Fort del ore, and they fortified and furnished it the best they could, having brought with them Money and Ammunition, and Arms enough for five thousand Men.

Ormond encamped at Traley, and the next day marched to∣ward the Fort, which the Spaniards deserted, and retired to the fastness of Glanigall;* 2.13 but finding the English Army was small, three hundred of them went to their Fort again, and the next day sallied on the English, who came to view the Fort, where∣upon Ormond finding he was not sufficiently provided with Artillery and other Necessaries, retired to Rakele, where he met the Lord Deputy.

The Deputy accompanied with the Captains, Zouch, Raw∣leigh, Denny, Macworth, &c. and about eight hundred Men, dis∣camped from Rakele, and marched towards the Enemy, but Captain Rawleigh well knowing the Customs of the Irish, stayed some hours behind in Ambush, till several Kearns came into the forsaken Camp as they were accustomed, to scrape

up what was left-behind, but he surprized them all, and pu∣nished them according to their Deserts.

Now was Sir William Winter return'd with his Fleet out of England, so that he, by Sea, and the Lord Deputy, by Land, laid close Siege to the Fort, having first summoned it, and received for Answer, That they held it for the Pope and the King of Spain (to whom the Pope had given the King∣dom of Ireland;) and not long after, the Spaniards made a Sally, which was well received by Captain Denny, and the Assailants were forced to retire.

That Night the English raised a Battery with great dexte∣rity,* 2.14 which was ready by Break of Day; nevertheless, the Spaniards made a Sally, but very faintly, and without effect; nor did they do any thing the third Day worthy their Repu∣tation; and on the fourth Day, being close pressed from Land and Sea, and all Conditions refused, they yielded at Mercy; which was too sparingly extended to them, every one be∣ing put to death except the Commanders; which very much displeased the Queen, although there was a necessity for it, by reason of the paucity of the English Army, and the num∣ber of the Rebels approaching.

Sir John Fitz-Girald, Lord of the Decies, being a Prisoner to the Earl of Desmond, was here found and set at Liberty; the Fort was razed, and the Army dispersed into Garrisons; the Lord Deputy returned to Dingle, where Ormond met him with Supplies, and there Captain Zouch, with four hundred and fifty Men was left Governor of Kerry and Desmond, and had all the Victuals given him that were found in the Fort, and then the Deputy returned to Limerick.

Now came out of England six new Companies, under Barkley, Cruse, and others; whereof, Barkly and two hun∣dred Men were placed at Askeaton, and the rest were sent into Connaught, where the Mac an Earla's, or Clanrickard's Sons began to be unruly, as the Lord Baltinglass and his Complices were in Leinster.

The Deputy having left Ormond Governor of Munster, re∣turned to Dublin; where he took care of the other Provinces, and being supplied with an hundred and fifty Horse out of England, which were set out by the English Clergy, under the Command of William Russel (Son to the Earl of Bed∣ford) and Bryan Fitz-Williams, he committed to the Custo∣dy of Wingfield, Master of the Ordnance) the Earl of Kil∣dare, and his Son in Law the Lord Delvin, who were suspect∣ed to favour the Leinster Rebels; whereupon the Lord Henry Fitz-Girald retired into Ophalia, and was detained by the O Connors, till the Deputy sent Ormond and several Persons of Quality for him; to whom, after much ado, he was deliver∣ed, and with his Father sent into England, together with the said Baron of Delvin.

There was certainly a Plot to surprize the Lord Deputy,* 2.15 and to seize on the Castle of Dublin,* 2.16 and to Massacre the Eng∣lish; and John Nogent one of the Barons of the Exchequer and others were Executed for it, but whether they were guilty or not I leave (as I found it) doubtful, however it seems that this severity frightned Thurlogh Lynogh, O More, O Brine and the Cavenaghs into a Submission.

In the mean time Captain Raleigh went to Dublin to com∣plain of the Barryes and Condons,* 2.17 and obtained a Commission to seize upon Barryescourt and the rest of Barryes Estate, and had some Horsemen added to his Company to enable him thereunto, but Barry had notice of it, and to prevent him Burned Barryescourt, and the Seneschall of Imokelly placed an Ambush for him at Corabby, which Captain Raleigh manful∣ly Encountred and Defeated, or at least broke through them, so that he came safe to Corke.

On the 25th. of July one Eve Published Seditious Letters at Waterford, importing that the Pope and the King of Spain, and Duke of Florence had made a League to assist the Irish, with Ten thousand Foot, and a thousand Horse of the Popes; Fifteen thousand Foot, and a thousand five hundred Horse of the Spaniards; and Eight thousand Foot, and an hundred Horse of the Florentines; and that the Irish should Elect a King of their own Nation, and reject Elizabeth as a Bastard and a Heretick, and republish the Bulls of Pius Quintus against her, &c. And it was true that the Prince of Conde brought such a League to the Queen, which he said was made at Rome the 20th. of February 1580.

About the same time the Lord Baltinglass wrote an Answer to the Earl of Ormond, assuring his Lordship that he had but two Councellors, one that said, Fear not those that can kill the Body only, &c. and the other bids us obey the higher Power, for he that resisteth it, resisteth God; seeing then the highest Power upon Earth Commands us to take the Sword, and to Fight and Defend our selves against Traytors and Rebels, which do seek only the Murdering of our Souls, he is no Christian that will not obey.

Questionless it is a great want of Knowledge, and more of Grace to believe that a Woman Incapax of Holy Orders, should be the Supream Governour of Christ's Church, a Term that Christ did not grant to his own Mother. You should consider that if Thomas of Becket Bishop of Canterbury had never suffered Death in the defence of the Church, tho Butler alias Becket had never been Earl of Ormond, &c. and about the same time he wrote to a Merchant of Waterford to provide him Ammunition and Arms, for which he would pay him to content.

In the mean time Captain Zouch (who lay at Dingle) lost a great many of his Men by sickness, nevertheless when he understood that the Earl of Desmond and David Barry, had

assembled three thousand Men near Ahado in Kerry, he March∣ed with the Remainder of his small Brigade to Castlemange, and upon a sudden surprized them so, that the Earl was fain to fly in his Shirt and shift for himself as well as he could; he fled to Herlow-wood a very great fastness, but being Ne∣cessitated to pass near Killmallock, the Garrison there under Bourcher, Dowdall, Macworth, and Norris, pursued them in∣to the Wood and were like to take the Earl, but did take a great Pery and some of his Carriages, and killed a great ma∣ny of his Followers.

About the same time Fitzgirald commonly called Senescha•• of Imokilly, preyed the Country about Lissmore, and slew twenty five of the Garrison that sallied to recover the Prey.

The Lord Deputy appointed Archbishop Loftus and the Earl of Kildare Governours of the Pale during his intended Progress, and they had a General Rendevouz at the Hill of Taragh in July, and then the Earl with two hundred Horse, and seven hundred Foot, by the order of the Council went to Parly with the Lord of Baltinglass, but to no purpose, and thereupon the Earl unadvisedly returned to Dublin, and the Enemy taking advantage of his Retreat, Burnt Newcastle in the County of Wicklow.* 2.18 In the mean time the Lord Depu∣ty Marched to Munster, and made Captain Zouch Governour of that Province, and then returned to Dublin by the way of Connaugh.

Zouch kept his head Quarters at Corke, and had Intelligencil that there was a great Feud between David Barry and the Se∣neschall of Imokelly, and that they both lay on Dunfrin••en side of the Blackwater, and that the Earl of Desmond and his Brother John, lay on the other side of the River in Condens Country, and that they were very active by their Messengers to procure a Reconcillation between Barry and the Seneschall, but were hindred by the great Floods from Negotiating it per∣sonally, as they designed; whereupon Captain Dowdall sent, one Richard Mac-James to the Irish Camp as a Spy, to whom one of the Desmonds Messengers (not mistrusting him) dis∣covered, that Sir John Desmond designed to come and recon∣cile the aforesaid Parties the next Morning, but I know not by what Artifice; the Spy perswaded the Messenger to go to Corke and tell his own Story, but 'tis certain thereupon Zouch and Dowdall (leaving the Government of Corke to Captain Raleigh) Marcht on,* 2.19 pretending for Lymerick, and by break of Day they got to Castlelyons, and so Marching forwards to an Wood, and placing some Shot between the Wood and S••••an••cally adjacent Bogg, they met two Gentlemen in the Wood, who happened to be Sir John of Desmond, and James Fitz John of, 〈◊〉〈◊〉, both which they took and Executed; and which is most strange (as Mr. Sullivane tells the Story) 〈◊〉〈◊〉 great Hero was so daunted at the sight of the English,* 2.20 that he

was not able to mount his Horse, tho at other times he was an active man.

But Zouch not contented herewith but remembring that David Barry, and Gorin Mac Swiny had lately prayed Carbe∣ry, and passing by Bantry had encountred the Garrison which Sallyed, and kill'd every one of them but one, was now re∣solved to revenge it, and therefore fell upon their Army, and routed them; and this Defeat reduced Barry to the necessity of begging pardon, which at length he obtain'd.

And so Munster being pretty quiet, and no news of the Earl of Desmond, the Munster Forces were reduced to four hundred Foot, and fifty Horse.

But the Lord of Lixnaw and his Son pretending injuries from the Governour, took advantage of the reducement of the Army, and boldly went into Rebellion again, and his be∣ginning was very successful, for he slew Captain Achin and the Garrison of Adare, except some few that saved themselves in the Abby, and recovered that Fortress, also he took the strong Castle of Lisconnell by Stratagem, and threw the Gar∣rison over the Walls, and tho he fall'd in his cunning design on the Castle of Adnagh, yet he ranged over the Countries of Ormond, Tipperary, and Waterford without resistance.

Wherefore Zouch not able to endure these affronts, with his small Army of four hundred Men March'd into Kerry, and came to Adare, which the Lord Lixnaw had forsaken, and thence he March'd to Lisconnell Wood, where he met the Baron with about 700 Men, who upon the first Charge ••led and left their Goods and Cattle behind them.

Thence the Army March'd to Glyn Castle, where Sir Henry Wallopps, and Captain Norris's Companies (being 200 men) came to them from the Lord Deputy; hence the Governour went to Lymerick, leaving Captain Powdall to pursue the Ba∣ron, who soon met with him near Glanflisk, and defeated his Forces again,* 2.21 killing ••n hundred and forty of them, and taking a Prey of 800 Kine, 500 Horses, besides Sheep, Goats, Money, Cloarsh, and Victuals, with which he supplied the Garrisons, and return'd to Adaro, where he left a Garrison and return'd to Cork; this misfortune quite spoil'd the Lord of Lixnaw, so that he was never more able to hold up his head, but most submissively applied himself to the Earl of Ormond, who got him a Pardon, tho he had formerly suffered very great injuries from him.

No sooner was this storm of the Lord of Kerryes allayed, but the Earl of Desmond appear'd again near Adare, and Skirmished smartly with the English; so that having lost ma∣ny men, they had much ado to recover the Abby of Adare where they lay in Garrison.

About this time a contention arose between the Macan Earla's, Ʋlick, and John Burk, on the Death of their Father, but it was refer'd to Commissioners, who ordered that Ʋlick

should have Loghreagh and the Earldom of Clanrickard,* 2.22 and that John should have Leitrim; and that the Commissioners should intercede to have him created Baron of Leitrim, and both of them agreed, that if either proved a Traytor to the Queen, the other should have all.

One Birne, a Rebel (being weary of that sort of life) offer'd to Captain George Carew to bring his Captain Fitz-Giralds Head to him, on condition to have his own Pardon; but Fitz-Girald had timely intelligence, and prevented the Execution of that Plot, by Executing Birne and his Complices; nevertheless, he was so frightned with this attempt, that he offered to do the like by Pheagh Mac Hugh for his own Par∣don; but Pheagh also had seasonable notice, or a strong sus∣picion of this design, and fairly hanged his Friend Fitz-Girald in his stead.

But this good Deputy by the contrivance of the Rebels, was represented at the Court of England as a bloody man, that regarded not the lives of the Subjects any more than the lives of Dogs,* 2.23 but had tyrannized with that barbarity that there was little left for the Queen to Reign over but Carcasses and Ashes. And this false Story being believed in England, a general Pardon was sent over to such of the Rebels as would accept thereof,* 2.24 and the Lord Deputy in the midst of his Vi∣ctories was recalled, so that in August he left Ireland to the care of Adam Loftus, Archbishop of Dublin, Lord Chancel∣lour, Sir Henry Wallop Treasurer at Wars, Lords Justices, two men very unfit to be yoak'd together,* 2.25 the difference be∣tween them being no less in their minds and affections, than it was in their bodies and professions.

Their Government was auspicated with the Death of Dr. Saunders,* 2.26 who died miserably of a Flux and Famine in the Woods of Clenlis, whereby the Kingdom was rid of a mali∣cious, cunning and indefatigable Traytor.

And the Earl of Desmond was reduced to such streights, that he was forced to keep his Christmass in Kilquegg Wood near Kilmallock, whereof the Garrison of Kilmallock having Notice, they were induced by the importunity of John Walsh to endeavour to surprize him;* 2.27 and in order to it they March'd in the night under the conduct of the Captains Dowdal, Ban∣gor, and Thornton, and came before Day to the River side, and by means of some Hurdles (which tied together, and fastned with Ropes to a Tree on this side the River, and made one of their men Swim over with the end of a Rope, which he also fastned on the other side) they safely passed the River, but made so much noise that Desmond and his Wife took the Alarm, and got out of their Cabbin into the River where they stood up to the Chin in Water on the Bank∣side, and thereby were undiscovered and escaped, but his Servants were all kill'd, and what Goods they had were car∣ried away.

Soon after this, Fitzgirald of Ballimartir, commonly call'd Seneschall of Imekilly, surpriz'd Youghall, and entred one end of the Town, but was so warmly receiv'd by Lieutenant Cal∣verleigh, and forty Shot he had with him, that the Senes∣chal was forced to Retreat, and leave fifty of his Men dead behind him.

About the end of January, the Earl of Ormond Landed at Waterford with 400 Men, which were disposed of to the Captains, Bourcher, Stanley, Barkley and Roberts. This Earl was also made Governor of Munster, and procured two Pence a Day to be added to the Soldiers pay, which gain'd him abundance of Love and Respect from the Army.

Ormond's first Attempt, was in Harlow Wood in Pursuit of the Earl of Desmond; he divided his Party into four Squadrons, and searcht the Wood throughly, Slew many Rebels, and so dispersed and frightned the rest, that they never met in any considerable Body afterwards; but most of them, one af∣ter another, submitted and had Pardon; and on the 5th of June Desmond wrot a submissive Letter to the Earl of Ormond, which is to be found in the Caballa of Letters, 223.

In August, the Garrison of Killmallock had fresh Advice,* 2.28 that Desmond with 60 Gallowglasses, was come into Harlow Wood, whereupon Captain Dowall so timed the matter, that he took 25. of them asleep in their Cabbins; and the rest, who were boiling Horseflesh he quickly Discomsited and Slew.

In September, some of the Lord Roches Men met the Earl of Desmond in Duhallow, accompanied by three Horse-men and a Priest; they endeavoured to take him, but being well mounted, they all escaped except the Priest, who discovered what Misery the Earl was in, and that he was supported chiefly by one Goron Mac Swiny, who was in Protection; whereof Ormond having notice, sent Captain Dowdall and a Garrison to Dingle, whereupon the Earl retired into the Country of Des∣mond, and got the greatest number of his Followers together that he could; and particularly, the said Goron and his Bro∣ther Morrogh Mac Swiny, by whose Assistance he hoped to re∣new the War. But it fell out otherwise; for Goron Mac Swiny having taken a great Prey in Carbry; three Irishmen, (who owned some of the Cattle) followed them at some distance, expecting an opportunity at night to Steal back their own Cattle, or an Equivalent; and to that end they hid themselves within a Musket-shot of Goron's Camp or Lodgment; and it so happened that Goron and a Servant (both unarmed) walkt that way, and came near the place where the three Men were hid▪ and as soon as they perceived that Goron, and his Ser∣vant were unarmed, they surprized them, and cut off their Heads, and being satisfied with this Revenge, they ran away to shift for themselves.

Desmond was beyond measure dismayed at this loss, and saw there was no way to recover it, unless he could regain such of his Followers as had taken Protection of the English; and therefore, in order to it, or to be revenged of them, he sent some of his Servants over the Strand of Traly to take a Prey, which they did; but a poor Woman of the Moriartas, (whose small Stock was all taken away by these Tories) im∣mediately repair'd to her Brother Owen O Moriarta als Drogh∣bearla, and made such piteous Complaint, that he resolved to get her her Cattle again if possible; wherefore he addressed himself to the English Governor of Castlemange so effectually, that he obtain'd 7. Musketteers, and 12. Kearne, and with them he followed the Tract of the Cattle; that night they came to the Wood of Clawniginky (four Miles from Traley) where they resolved to lodg; but about Midnight, seeing a Fire, they drew towards it, and so came to a Cabbin, where they found an old Man alone sitting by the Fire (the Ser∣vants having ran away on their Approach.) Kolly (who led the Soldiers,* 2.29 and was bred by the English, altho a Native Irishman) struck the old Man with his Sword, and almost cut off his Arm; whereupon the old Man cried out, that he was Earl of Desmond; and Kolly would have spared him, but finding that he bled so fast, that he could not live, he immediately cut off the Earls Head, which was sent after∣wards into England, and placed on a Pole on Londonbridge, and for this exploit the Family of the Moriarta's are in disgrace amongst the Irish to this Day;* 2.30 and Mr. Sullivan says, the place where his Blood was Spilt, doth still continue red.

Nor had John Burk better Success; for he being in Prote∣ction, did nevertheless make an Attempt upon Adare, and endeavoured to Prey and Plunder the Country thereabout; but as he passed by, a Boy from the Castle discharged his Gun, and shot him Dead.

And thus ended the Rebellion of Desmond,* 2.31 in the Ruin of Girald the fifteenth Earl of that Family, after whose Death the common People did manifest such Desires of living in Peace, that the Forces of Munster were reduced to 200. And not long after a Commission issued to Sir Henry Wallop, Sir Va∣lentine Brown, and others, to take a Survey of all such Lands as had been forfeited within the four years last past.

And in Ʋlster,* 2.32 Sir Nicholas Bagnall, Sir Lucas Dillon, and James Dowdall Commissioners of Ʋlster, on the 22d day of October, 1583 in the presence of the Baron of Dungannon, and the Agents of Turlogh, Lynogh and O Donell, and by their Consent made these Orders between them. 1. That the Truce between them, be continued till the 17th of March next. 2. That on the 2d day of December, each of them

shall put in Pledges at Dundalk, to keep the Peace towards the Queen, and each other. 3. That the Controversies between the said Parties, shall then be determined. 4. That if either Injure the other during the Truce, the Queen shall assist the Sufferer, and Punish the Delinquent. 5. That they shall chuse indifferent Arbitrators to examine Witnesses, and deter∣mine the Differences between them if they can; and if not, then to Report the State of the Case to the Commissioners.

And in Leinster, things were so quiet, that two of the O Conners determined a Controversy, in a form of Justice, which being a matter extraordinary, shall be related at large.

Teig Mac Gilpatrick O Connor, was accused by Connor Mac Corm••ck O Connor,* 2.33 before the Lord Deputy and Council, for Killing and Murdering his Men, being under Protection; Teig answered, That they had since the Protection, confede∣rated with the Rebel Cahill O Connor, and therefore were also Rebels; and that he was ready to justify his Assertion by Combal; Connor accepted the Motion, and the Weapons which were Sword and Target, being chosen by the Defendant, the next day was appointed for the Battle, and Patrons were as∣signed to each of them to introduce them into the Lists; the Day being come, and the Court sat, the Combatants were likewise seated on two Stools, one at each end of the Inner Court of the Castle of Dublin; most of the Military Officers were present, to render this Action the more Solemn; and then the Pleadings being read, the Combatants were stript to their Shirts, and searched by Secretary Fenton, and then each of them took a corporal Oath that his Quarrel was true, and that he would justify the same with his Blood; and then at the Sound of the Trumpets, they began the Fight with great Resolution; but at length Conner was twice wounded in his Leg, and once in his Eye; and thereupon design'd to close with his Adversary, but Teige being too strong for him, pum∣mell'd him, till he loosned his Murri••n, and then he easily Stunn'd him, and with Conner's own Sword cut off his Head, and brought it to the Lords Justices.

But Mr. Sullevan,* 2.34 who exclaims against this barbarous way of Tryal, commits three Mistakes in this one Story: First, he says, That this happened in Sir John Perot's time. And 2dly, That he forced the Parties to the Combat, and that they were asham'd to refuse it. And 3dly, That it was in a Controversy about Lands in Ophaly.

But to proceed, The Viscount Ballinglass, that great In∣cendiary of Leinster, was so totally dismayed at the News of the Death of the Earl of Desmond, that he also privately Em∣barked for Spain, where not long afterwards he died for grief. So that the Kingdom being thus quieted, the publick Revenue for the year 1583.* 2.35 amounted unto 23565 l. 12 s.

Sir John Perrot Lord Deputy, was Sworn the 26th of June,* 2.36 his Commission was (as usual) during Pleasure 〈◊〉〈◊〉 make War and Peace,* 2.37 and to punish Offences, or 〈◊〉〈◊〉 them (Treason against the Queen's Person, or Counterfeiting Mo∣ney, only excepted) to make Orders and Proclamations, to Impose Fines, and Dispose of Rebels Estates, to exercise Martial Law, and to Assemble the Parliament with her Majesties Pri∣vity; to confer all Offices, except Chancellor, Treasurer, three Chief Judges, and Master of the Rolls; and to collate, and confer all Spiritual Promotions, except Arch-Bishops and Bishops, to do all things relating to Justice and Government, that the Queen could do if present.

The Lord Deputies Instructions, were as followeth,

• I. To Assemble and Consult the Council, how the Govern∣ment may be managed, that Justice may take place, the Charge lessened, the Revenue increas'd, and the Subject not oppressed.
• II. To reduce the Army, and the Pay as formerly, especi∣ally in the Countries not wasted, and to prevail with the Country to contribute, as Carbury heretofore hath done.
• III. To keep the Army in Discipline, that they do not oppress the Subject, and that the Companies be kept Com∣pleat and Full.
• IV. To consider how Munster may be Repeopled, and how the forfeited Lands in Ireland may be disposed of to the Ad∣vantage of Queen and Subject; but first, they must be Sur∣veyed by Commissioners now sent over to that purpose; and for the Encouragemennt of the Undertakers, and to avoid Fraudulent Conveyances by the Rebels, let there be a Parlia∣ment in a proper Season, to pass Acts of Attaindure, of frau∣dulent Conveyances, and of Qualifying Uses.
• V. That where Leases have been made without usual Reser∣vation of Portcorn, that matter be likewise amended next Parliament.
• VI. To Report to the Queen, the Quality and Merit of those that have acted or suffered for her, and the Quantity of the Reward fit to be given them out of the forfeited Lands, and under what Covenants and Reservations; and She thinks it better to give it to their younger Sons than themsevles, to increase the number of Freeholders.
• VII. To the same Effect.
• VIII. To lessen or dissolve the Pensions, and gratify the Parties with Portions of forfeited Lands, certifying the Value and Condition of the same.
• IX. To grant no more Land to any Man, than he shall be able to People.
• ...

• X. To renew and observe the Directions to former Deputies in all things that are not contradicted here∣by.
• XI. Because the Tenants of the Crown are disabled by the Rebellions of James Fitz-Morris and Desmond, to pay their Arrears, to let them have new Leases for the Remainder of the Terms at the old Rent; the fourth Part of which, shall be paid in Beeves, at 9 s. a piece; or Corn, at the rate of Port-Corn; and for the Arrearages to give Instalments, or to remit part, or all, as you shall find requisite.
• XII. To resume by Act of Parliament, or on Composition with the Parties, the Demeasnes and Conveniences of Her Houses, and Castles of Dublin, Killmamham, Athloan, Caterlagh, Leighlin, Monasterevan, &c. and to annex them inseperably to the respective Castles or Houses, by Act of Parliament, reser∣ving the Ancient Rent.
• XIII▪ To do the like by any of the forfeited Lands, that lie convenient for those Castles, &c.
• XIV. To preserve the Woods on any forfeited Lands, near any Navigable River for her use.
• XV. That no Man Ecclesiastical or Civil, that has any Function or Office be suffer'd to be absent from his Charge above two Months, without special License, on pain of For∣feiture.
• XVI. To enquire (with the Council) what Outrages have been done, since March the 25th, 1583. and how redressed, who of Quality are Loyal, Disloyal, or Suspected, and to send Her an Account of the true Estate of every Province in that Realm.
• XVII. To inquire into all the Jurisdictions, and Irish-Chieferies, Exactions, Cuttings and Spendings, which the At∣tainted Rebels enjoyed, that She may retain them, or by re∣linquishing them, manifest to Her Subjects the easiness of Her Government, and their Happiness under it.
• XVIII. That Commissions do not issue for every trivial Concern, and that the Allowance to Commissioners be not as great and burdensome, as formerly.
• XIX. That the Establishment for Conaugh be lessened, and that Richard Bingham be Chief Commissioner of Conaugh.
• XX. To place John Norris Esquire, President of Munster, with the same Allowance your self had, when President there.
• XXI. To make Thomas Jones Bishop of Meath, Norris, Bingham; and Thomas L'Estrange Esquire, of the Privy Coun∣cil.
• ...

• XXII. To place such an Arch-Bishop at Armagh, (now void) as you and the Council think fit.
• XXIII. To certify Quarterly, the whole Expence in Ire∣land, and what is sent hence, and what is received there, to defray it.

And afterwards, additional Instructions were sent to him, as followeth,

• I. To endeavour to ease Her Majesties Charge in Victualling the Army,* 2.38 by getting Victuals in Ireland, and to save the charge and hazard of Transportation.
• II. To consider, how a College may be Erected, and St. Patrick's Church, and the Revenue thereof may be appro∣priated thereunto, and every Diocess by Act of Parlia∣ment, be made Contributary out of the Leases of Impropria∣tions.
• III. To Name some that may be made Lord Barons.
• IV. In the next Parliament to revive the Impost, which has been expir'd these two years.
• V. To endeavour the getting in of the Debts due to Her Majesty.
• VI. To Discharge such of the Pensioners (or to Reward them in forfeited Lands) as you shall think fit.
• VII. To Prefer the Ancient Officers and Soldiers, before new Comers.
• VIII. To take off the Wards and Garison from Fernes and Iniscorthy, and other unnecessary places.
• IX. To repair the Forts of Leix and Offaly, at as small Charge as may be, and to prevail with the Inhabitants of the Country, for whose Defence they are made, to provide Carriage and Labourers, and to render an Ac∣count of the Condition of those Countries, and the Causes of it.
• X. To recompence Edward Waterhouse for the voluntary Surrender of his Patent for maintenance of Boats over the Sheuin, such Entertainment, as you and the Council shall think fit.
• XI. To suffer no Man that was in the late Rebellions, of what Quality soever, to keep any other Arms, than Sword and Dagger.
• ...

• XII. To encourage the Loyal, and protect the pardon'd People of Munster, and send your best Advice how Munster may be Repeopled.

The Lord Deputy spent 18 days in close Consultation with the Privy Council, who were the Arch-Bishop of Dublin, Chancellor; Earl of Ormond, Treasurer; the Bishops of Ar∣magh, Meath and Killmore; Sir John Norris, Lord President of Munster; Sir Henry Wallop, Treasurer of Wars; Sir Nicholas Bagnall, Knight, Marshal; Robert Gardener, Chief Justice; Sir Robert Dillon, Chief Justice of Common Banc; Sir Lucas Dillon, Chief Baron; Sir Nicholas White, Master of the Rolls; Sir Richard Bingham, Chief Commissioner of Con∣naugh; Sir Henry Cowley, Sir Edward Waterhouse, Sir Thomas L'Estrange, Sir Edward Brabazon, Jeffery Fenton, Se∣cretary of State; Warham Saint Leger, and Sir Valentine Brown.

And as soon as he understood the true State of the King∣dom, and had laid down the Measures of his Govern∣ment, he issued a Proclamation of Oblivion and Indemnity, and then he sent the Earl of Desmond's Son James into Eng∣land.

On the 15th of July, The Lord Deputy began his Progress, and came to Molingar the 16th, and thence sent a Cypher to the Lord Chancellor, and Sir Henry Wallop, to Dublin, whereby they might easily Decipher, and understand his Let∣ters, which would be unintelligible to the Rebels, if they should happen to intercept them; thence he proceeded to Connaugh, where he endeavoured to reconcile all the great Men of that Country, and put to Death Donogh beg O Bryan, a bloody Murtherer; in this Journey, he converted Fryer Malachias a Malone, Brother to Mac William Eughter; and from Gallway, he came to Limerick, where he received the News that the Scots to the number of 1000. in favour of Surleboy, had inva∣ded Ʋlster: and he also intercepted O Neals Fosterer return∣ing out of Munster, from exciting the Irish Lords and Gentle∣men there, to a new Rebellion: but tho this Messenger up∣on Examination, confessed his Errand, yet he assured the De∣puty, that all those he had gone to, refused to Rise, as long as Sir John Perrot, and the Earl of Ormond (whom they deemed just Men) continued in the Kingdom.

Hereupon the Deputy took Pledges from those he most suspected, and leaving the County of Cork to the Justices,

Walsh and Miagh, the Sheriff Sir William Stanley; and the Lords Barry and Roch, Limerick to the Provost Marshal, Des∣mond to the Earl of Clancar,* 2.39 Sir Owen O Sullevan, and O Sul∣levan more, Kerry to the Sheriff, and the Lord of Lixnaw, with the Lord President of Munster, he returned to Dublin the 9th of August, 1584.

In his way, he took Pledges from Pheagh Mac Hugh, and appointed Sir Henry Harrington, to take the like from O Birne, O Toole, and the Septs of O More and O Connor, and com∣mitted the Kings County to the care of Sir George Bourcher, and of the Queens County to Sir Warham Saint Leger; he also appointed Commissioners to take Hostages of the Cavenaghs; and when he came to Dublin, he decided a Contro∣versy between Philip and Sir John O Reyley, to both their Sa∣tisfaction.

About this time, the Lord Deputy published Orders to be observed by Justices of the Peace, one whereof was lodg∣ed with every Custos Rotulor,* 2.40 the most material of them, were to keep Sessions Quarterly; to enquire into Penalties of Statutes, forfeited Recognizances, Contempts, Breach of Peace, winking at Malefactors, Confederacies, and Par∣lies with T••••ytors, or notorious known Theives: that all Men and Women, from Sixteen to Seventy, be Booked and Sworn to Allegiance, else committed to Goal, to have General Musters every year, and see the People are Armed according to Law; to have Buts and common Pounds; to make two High-Constables (Substantial Gentle∣men) in every Barony, and printed Books of their Duty to be sent them; and also two petty Constables in each Barony, to send to Goal all Spies, Carrows, Bards, and Idlers, &c. To appoint two Searchers for every Parish, to Search the Houses and Persons (not Gentlemen) for Beef, Pork or Mut∣ton; and if any such be found, and no notice was given to the Searcher, of the Killing thereof, the Party shall be pu∣nished by Fine; and to cause all Cattle to be marked with Pitch, or Ear-mark, on pain of Forfeiture.

On the 25th of August, The Deputy with One thousand Foot, some Kearns, and the Risings out of the Pale, and some Lords of Munster, and well accompanied with Officers, and Persons of Quality, set out from Dublin, and came the 29th to Newry, where Turlogh Lynogh submitted, and put in Pledges, as did also soon after Macgenis Mac Mahon, Turlogh Brasilogh, and others.

The Lord Deputy having thus secured the Country, or∣dered some Ships to Loghfoyle to attack the Scots that way, which they got notice of, and immediately retired and went off to Scotland, almost in sight of the English Ships, and their escape was imputed to the negligence of the Sea-Comman∣ders.

However the Deputy proceeded to the Ban, himself, Ormond and the Nobility, kept Clandeboy side, and General Norris, and the Baron Dungannon kept Tyrone▪ side: The Deputy spoiled Brian Carrows Country, and forced him and Surleboy to fly to Glancomkeane with their Creights and Cows.

Norris took a prey of 200 Cows from Ochane, which gave great relief to the Army, but 100 of his stragling Boys and Servants were cut off by Brian Carrows men, and some that came to their Rescue were wounded; and soon after Mr. Tho∣mas Norris was wounded in the Knee with an Arrow, and O∣liver Lambert was taken Prisoner in Ochanes Country, never∣theless the Rebels fled from the English, and were worsted in most encounters, so that Captain Meriman brought a good Prey from their fastness, and Norris scour'd Glancomkene-wood, preyed Brian Carrows Country, and slew them that were put to defend it.

Hereupon Ochane submitted and put in Hostages, and was the first Rebel in Arms that was pardoned since the Deputy came over; then went the Deputy to besiege Dunluce, and sent Artillery by Sea to Skerries portrush, and thence by men it was drawn two miles; it soon brought the Ward to parley, and to surrender this impregnable place; and the fame of this Exploit made the Warders desert Donfert, and these losses for∣ced Surleboy to submit, and put in Hostages, and to beg Pardon, which was granted him.

Whilst the Deputy abode in Ʋlster, O Donell, and O Toole sub∣mitted themselves unto him; and there happening some Controversies between Turlogh Lynogh, and others of the O-Neals, he caus'd them to implead one another by Bill and Answer, that so those Contests might be regularly decided; he also gave them an Oath of Allegiance, and drew the Grandees of Ʋlster, to a Composition for the maintenance of 1100 Soldiers at their own charge, the Queen allowing eve∣ry 100 men 250 Pounds.* 2.41 per annum, also they agreed to sur∣render their Estates and take new Patents; and in like man∣ner the Lady Camphell, and Donell Gorme, made their Submis∣missions at the Camp near Dunluce on the 18th of September, and obtain'd a Grant of that part of the Glinns formerly Mas∣sets, paying 50 Bieves yearly, and supplying 80 Soldiers to serve the Crown when required: And so the Deputy left 200 Foot and 50 Horse at Colrain, and came to Newry on the

28th of September, to which place Turlogh Lynogh brought Henry, Son of Shan O Neal, and delivered him prisoner to his Lordship.

Con mac Neal Oge was forc'd to content himself with the up∣per Clandeboy, and the Lieutenancy or Government of Ʋlster was divided between Turlogh Lynogh, the Baron of Dungannon, and Sir Henry Bagnall; and this great Service being thus effected, the Deputy return'd to Dublin the 11 of October. Hence the Deputy gave an account to the Lords of the Coun∣cil in England of his great Success, and proposed that for 50000 per annum added to the Revenue for three years, he would wall seaven Towns, Athloan, Dingle, Colrain, Liffer, Sli∣go, Newry, and Mayo, and build seaven Castles at Black-water, and Ballishannon, Bellick, Broad-water in Munster, Castlemar∣tine in the Routs, Galin in the Queens County, and Kilcomane, and erect seaven Bridges at Colrain, Liffer, Ballishannon, Dundalk, Fermoy, Veale near Slevelogher, and Kells in Clande-boy; and with the help of the Ʋlster Composition he would likewise maintain 2000 Foot, and 400 Horse, during that time; he desired 600 Soldiers and a Chief Justice might be sent over, that Tamistry might be abolished, and the Irish Lands pass'd in Patent to the Proprietors on English Tenures; to all which he received a smooth but dilatory Answer, and therefore wrote again to the Parliament of England the 17 of January 1584. to the same effect, and with like success.

Nevertheless this active Governour proceeded to doe what he could to repair the broken and miserable Estate of Ireland; he encouraged the Bishops to the Repair of Churches, and wrote to England that no more Bishopricks might be gran∣ted in Comendam; and he also divided Ʋlster into Counties, and placed Sheriffs, Justices of Peace, Constables, and other Officers in them.

And then he summoned a Parliament to meet the 26th of April, 1585. at Dublin, and caused the Irish to conform to the English Habit to which they have a great aversion, because they esteem it a mark of Subjection. The Irish Lords were obliged to wear Robes, and the better to induce them to it, the Deputie bestowed Robes on Turlogh Lynogh, and other principal men of the Irish, which they embraced like fetters; so that one of them desired the Deputy that his Chaplain might walk the streets with him in Trouses, For then, said he, the Boys will laugh at him as well as at me; whereto the De∣puty gravely replyed, That the want of Order and Decency would be their Ruine, and demonstrated to them the Benefits of this Conformity.

But before we come to the Parliament I must take notice of an Inquisition taken at Cork on the 4th of Nov. 1584. whereby it appears,

• 1. That the Manour of Guisnes, alias Cloghroe, belonged to the Crown, and was usurped by Lombard, Constable of the Castle.
• 2. That the Manour of Call••n, alias Glyn, (containing eight Plowlands between Cork and Kingsale,) was the ancient Inheritance of the Earl of March, and was intruded upon by Richard Roch of Kingsale; and that Glanny was an ancient Cor∣poration.
• 3. That Ballynimony, alias Mourne, near Mallow, was an ancient Corporation.
• 4. That on the death of Matthew Shyne, Bishop of Cork, that See had the three Plowlands of Ballynaspig, the Rent of Rochfort's Lands, the Rent of Curickana••y, of Ringnaskiddy, Downaghmore, Ahabullugg, and Kanivy, the Profits and Rent of Ballivorny and Killinully, &c.
• 5. That the Island of Inchydi••••y, near Cloghnakillty, is escheated to her Majesty for want of Heirs; and that the Bishop of Ross ought to have but seaven Marks, half-faced Money, out of the same.
• 7. That Kinalmeky was the ancient Inheritance of the Crown, and Barry Oge (Farmer of it) paid the Rent to the Exchequer, and about the year 1460. O Mahown Carbry in∣truded on it, and gave Mac Carty Reagh half for protection.
• 7. That Cnoghor O Mahony was slain in the Earl of Des∣mond's Rebellion, and dyed seized of the Signiory of Kinal∣meaky.

On the 26th of April the Parliament met, according to appointment, and the Upper-house was very full, for there appeared four Archbishops, twenty Bishops, the Earls of Or∣mond, Kildare, Tyrone, Twomond, Clanrickard, and Glencar, the Viscounts Buttevant, Gormanstowne, Formoy, and Mount∣garret, and the Lords Athenry, Kingsale, Slane, Delvin, Kil∣leen, Honth, Trimletstowne, Dunsany, Dunboyn, Ʋpper Ossory, Louth, Curraghmore, Insiquine, Castleconnell, and Cahir; but the Lower-house was as thin, for there were but 26 Cities and Boroughs in the Kingdom that sent Members to Parlia∣ment: It was endeavoured to pass a Law to try Accessaries in absence of the Principals, but it could by no means be effected; however this Parliament did enact many other good Laws, as followeth.

• 1. An Act to attaint James Eustace,* 2.42 Viscount Baltinglass, and others, which is commonly called the Statute of Bal∣tinglass, and makes Estates Tail (any kind of Inheritance) forfeitable for Treason, and provides against the fraudulent Conveyances of the attainted.
• 2. An Act for the Restitution in bloud of Lawrence Dela∣hide: And then the Parliament was prorogued on the 29th day of May.

The Lord Deputy did intend to suspend Poyning's Act, that he might the more speedily pass such Laws as he thought ne∣cessary; but some Gentlemen of the Pale grew jealous of the de∣sign, and overthrew the Bill at the third reading; and although upon a conference they were persuaded to pass the Bill, yet their jealousies returning, they overthrew it a second time.

There were also other Bills proposed; viz. that the Lands of persons attainted of Treason should be vested in the Queen without Office, and every Plowland should pay 13 s. 4 d. subsidy; and that all those who should rebelliously take or detain any of the Queen's Castles, should be guilty of Trea∣son; but these Bills were all damned in the Lower-house, and the Acts against fraudulent Conveyances, and an Act to help mispleading and Jeoffails were stopt in the Upper-house; and an Act to enable Tenant in Tail to make Lea∣ses for 21 years could not obtain the Royal Assent.

The second Session of this Parliament was on the 28th of April 1586. and then the following Laws being enacted, it was dissolved on the 14th of May.

1. An Act against Perjury and Subornation.

2. An Act against Witchcraft and Sorcery.

3. An Act against forging of Evidences.

4. An Act of Impost and Custome of Wines.

5. That all Conveyances made, or pretended to be made, by any person attainted within thirteen years before the Act, shall be entered on Record in the Exchequer within a year, or be void.

This Act did not pass the Houses without great difficulty, and perhaps had not passed at all, if John Mac Edmond Fitz-girald (to prevent the Earl of Desmond's forfeiture) had not produced a Feoffment made by that Earl before he entered in∣to Rebellion, which had taken effect, and baffled the ex∣pectations of the undertakers, if Sir Henry Wallop had not by good luck gotten the aforesaid Association made the 18th of July 1578. (which was two months before the pretended settlement, and to which this John Fitz Edmond himself was a party,) but upon the producing of that Confederacy, and the discovering of this fraud and subtilty▪ the honest part of the House were ashamed to abet so ill a cause, and so this Act was made to prevent the like contrivances.

6. An Act against forging or counterfeiting Coin not cur∣rent in Ireland, and that it be Misprision of Treason.

7. An Act for the Attainder of the Earl of Desmond, and many others his Complices mentioned in the Act.

8. An Act for the Attainder of John Browne of Knockmon∣hie, and others.

9. An Act for the Restitution in bloud of Taaf's Wife.

But I should have given a list of the Militia of Munster, as it was in the year 1584. as followeth.

	Shot.	Bill-men.
The City of Waterford	100	300
Cork	100	300
Limerick	200	600
Clonmell	040	200
Killmallock	020	100
Fethard	020	100
Cashell	020	140
Kingsale	020	100
Carrick	020	040
	740	1840
The Barony of Muskry	020	300
Carbry	030	1000
the County of Typerary	050	400
the Barony of Decyes	020	200
Imokilly	012	080
Condoni	008	060
Lord Barry's Countrey	030	200
Mac Cartymor••▪ &c.	008	400
	178	2640

On the 26th day of December, O Conner Sligo who had for∣merly taken a Patent for the County of Sligo at the yearly Rent of 100 l. per Annum, did covenant that in lieu of Cess he would pay every year a fine Horse, and 100 large fat Bieves per An∣num for three years, and afterwards 130 Bieves per Annum at Michaelmas at the Castle of Athl••an, and also that he would at all Hostings bring 20 Horse and 60 Foot, and maintain them 40 days, and would pay in Money 25 l. per Annum, and that in cases of necessity he should assist the Queen with all his Forces, and that he should make legal Estates to the Freeholders, they paying their proportion of the aforesaid Contribution; and the Queen granted O Conner all Forfeitures for Felony, or by Outlawry, or Recognisance, and all Waifs, Strays, and Penalties for Bloudshed.

On the 23d of May was published an Act (or rather Pro∣clamation) of Indemnity and Oblivion for all Preys, Stealths, Plunders, and many other Crimes committed or done before the first day of that Month.

But the Lord Deputy was again allarm'd with a new Invasi∣on of the Scotish Islanders, and therefore Turlogh Lynogh be∣ing

old, the Baron of Dungannon was encouraged to oppose them; but lest he should grow too popular by that Authori∣ty, the Deputy thought it necessary to march into the North with such Forces as he had ready; he left Dublin the 26th of June, and passed speedily to Dungannon, where most of the Irish Gentlemen of Ʋlster, except James Carow, came to him, and submitted to his Lordship's command.

Hence the Deputy sent Captain Dawtry to the King of Scotland, to pray restitution of the Irish Ships and Goods ta∣ken by his Subjects, and that he would stop the Islanders from destroying Ireland, to which he received a kind and fa∣vourable Answer, dated at Saint Andrews the fourth of Au∣gust, 1585. but it came too late.

Four hundred Islanders, arrived in Ʋlster, and were joined by as many more under the Conduct of Con Mac Neal Oge's Son, Hugh Mac Felim's Son, O Kelly, Mac Cartane, &c. and on the 28th of July were encountred by Captain Strafford, and 170 Soldiers, and a few Kernes, who continued the Fight from Morning to four in the Afternoon, still gaining Ground of the Enemy, of whom 24 were slain and 40 wounded, and of the English but 8 killed, and 12 wounded; and here my Authour truly observes, that the Irish never gave the English a defeat but upon shrinking from them. The Enemy passed the River Ban, and went into Tyrone, but were so pursued by the Baron of Dungannon, and Captain Strafford, that they were forced to repass the Ban, and to retire toward Dunluce, and finding no quiet there, they went to Inisowen, and designed to surprise Strabane; but Hugh Duffe O Donell gave notice hereof to Captain Merriman and offered his assistance, and so Merriman with 160 Soldiers, and O Donell with a few of his f••llowers, marcht all night to surprise the Scots.

But 〈◊〉〈◊〉 their great amazement they found the Scots in a readines•• ••nd above 600 strong, so that they were able to divide 〈◊〉〈◊〉 Army into three divisions, so to assail the Roya∣lists thre•• several ways, whilst the English, being so few, were forced to keep in one entire Body.

Alexander Mac Surly (who commanded the Scots) chal∣leng'd Merriman to a Combate, and a lusty Gallowglasse be∣ing by, said he was the Captain; and so to the Duel they go, the Gallowglasse stund the Scot at the first blow, but he recovering himself kill'd the Gallowglasse, and thereupon Mer∣riman stept out, and fought Alexander a good while with Sword and Target, and so wounded him in the Leg that he was forced to retreat; and thereupon his Army being discou∣raged were totally routed, and Alexander (being hid under a Turf in Cabbin) was discovered, and his Head cut off, and set on a Pole in Dublin. But how fortunate soever the Sum∣mer

Progress was, yet the Deputy's Enemies complain'd against it as chargeable and unnecessary; so that he was forced to re∣turn to Dublin the 16th of August, where old Surlyboy came and submitted unto him.

The chief Articles against the Deputy were, That he was severe, and forc'd the People to the Oath of Allegiance, and pryed into men's Patents, and endeavour'd to promote Laws against Recusants, and to repeal Poyning's Act, and this Impeach∣ment was abetted by the Chancellour, whom (being also Arch∣bishop of Dublin) the Deputy had disoblig'd, by endeavou∣ring to appropriate the Revenues of St. Patrick's Church to the new design'd University, and by carrying himself too Magisterially in the Government; with the Chancellour Sir Henry Bagnal, Secretary Fenton, and others of the Council, sided, so that it grew into a powerfull Faction, by which the Deputy was often thwarted at Council Board, and else where.

The Lord Treasurer of England was a fast Friend to the Arch-bishop, so that by his means the appropriating of the Livings of St. Patrick's Church was stopt, and other Affronts were put upon the Deputy, which so enraged him, that he spoke some passionate words of the Queen, which were the cause of his Ruine afterwards; and particularly having received some kind Letters from the Queen after some ill usage that he resented: Look ye, says he to the standers by, now the Queen is ready to bepiss her self for fear of the Spaniard, I am become her white Boy again: This Deputy was supposed to be the Son of Henry the Eighth, and had much of his towring Spirit in him: When he was Con∣demn'd he ask'd the Lieutenant of the Tower whether the Queen would sacrifice her Brother, to his frisking Adversa∣ries, meaning the Lord Chancellour Hatton, who he said came into Court by the Galliard: He was condemn'd on the Preists forged Letter, and dyed suddenly in the Tower; and his Son Sir Thomas Perot was restor'd to his Estate.

Nor did these his open Enemies only impeach him them∣selves, but they also instigated the Lords and Gentlemen of the Pale, (as was believed) to complain (by their Letter of the 15th of July, 1585.) that besides the 2100 l. which they had consented should be levyed in lieu of the Cess; the Lord Deputy design'd to impose a second Charge of 1500 l. per an∣num upon them, thereby to make Her Majesty's Government intolerable to them; but some of these Lords and Gentlemen being afterwards undeceiv'd, generously wrote their Retracta∣tion of their former mistake to the Lords of the Council of England.

Nevertheless the Deputy proceeded in his duty, and issued a Commission to two and twenty Gentlemen, whereof Sir

Richard Bingham,* 2.43 White and Waterhouse were of the Quorum, Authorizing them to compound between the Queen and the Subject, and between the Lord and the Tenant, for Cess, Cut∣tings, and other incertain Exactions, and to bring the Inhabi∣tants of Connaugh and Twomond to a composition of paying ten Shillings per annum. for every quarter of Land contai∣ning 120 Acres, besides a certain number of Soldiers amongst them on every rising out; they proceeded by Inquisition by a Jury to find out the number of Plow-lands, and the Coun∣ty of Mayo was found to contain 1448 quarters of Land, (whereof 248 might be exempted) and paid 600 l. per annum. and contributed 200 Foot, and 40 Horse at their own charge when required, and 50 Foot, and 15 Horse, in such manner as the Peers and English Bishops ought to do;* 2.44 and this was done by Indenture, whereby they voluntarily renounced the Irish Captainships, Styles and Titles, and abolish'd, the Irish Gavelkind, and Tanistry, and agreed to hold their Lands by Patent according to Law, and the like was done in the rest of Connaugh, and the whole Province was found to contain 8169 quarters of Land, whereof 2339 being exempted, there remain'd 6836 liable to an annual Rent of 3418. 5. 8. and to contribute 1054 Foot, and 224 Horse to the General Hostings in Connaugh, and 332 Foot, and 88 Horse, at any time for Forty days any where in Ireland: And Twomond for 1259 Plow'd Land agreed to pay 543—10—0 per annum and to find 200 Foot and 40 Horse armed at all Hostings in Twomond, and 15 Horse, and 50 Foot, at all General Hostings with Carriages and Victuals, and that all Irish Titles and Tenures should be abolish'd.

Mac William Eighter's Countrey was divided into five Proprieties, and a certain Rent and Tenure was established between Lord and Tenant; and the Province formerly divided into the six Counties of Clare, Galway, Sligo, Mayo, Leitrim, and Roscomon, had Sheriffs, and other proper Officers settled in it; for which the Lords and Gentlemen of Connaugh sent a Letter of Thanks to the Lord Deputy, ac∣knowledging the Quiet and Advantage they enjoyed by means of the foresaid Composition.

One Dennis O Raughan a Priest, and Henry Bird Register to the high Commission Court, contrived arrogant Warrants in the Deputy's Name, importing a General Pardon to all Priests for all Offences, in such a style as if the Deputy had been King of Ireland, and though Bird afterwards confessed that he wrote the Warrants which were found in Raughan's Pocket, yet was this wicked Priest one of the fatal Witnesses against the Deputy, whereof he repented on his Death-bed: Nay, so unfortunate was this brave man, that even his own Secretary.

John Williams betrayed him and discovered his Secrets, but the Queen abhorr'd the Practice, so that it rather served to discover his Adversaries malice, than to doe him any harm.

But nothing is more remarkable than that Hugh, Baron of of Dungannon, (who even since the beginning of Desmonds Re∣bellion had a Pension of 100 Marks per annum and a Troup of Horse in the Queens pay,) went to England, and advised the Queen to suppress the Name and Authority of O Neal; nor was the depth of his Hypocrisie discovered untill this very un∣greatefull Rebel (though the Son of a known Bastard) did afterwards assume the Name of O Neal, and therewith he was so elevated, that he would often boast that he would ra∣ther be O Neal of Ʋlster, than King of Spain.

But the Queen (who thought him sincere and loyal) did not only create him Earl of Tyrone, but also granted him the whole County of Tyrone, discharg'd of the chief Rent he had for∣merly promised to the Deputy, on condition nevertheless that he should disclaim any right or superiority over the rest of Ʋlster, and should provide for Turlogh, and the Sons of Shan O Neale;* 2.45 and a place for a Garison or two was also reserv'd, and by the reputation of this Patent,* 2.46 and the Queens Favour, the old Turlogh Lynogh was necessitated to quit Tyrone to this fortunate Spark.

But Secretary Fenton, who was one of the best Servitors the Queen had in Ireland, and much confided in by her Majesty or, as others word it, was a Moth in the Garments of all the Deputies of his time, was frequently (as at this time) sent for into England, to inform the Queen of the true state of that Kingdom: What discovery he made of the miscarriages of the Government I do not find, but they may be easily traced from the instructions he carried back, which bore date in De∣cember, 1585. and were to this effect; That the Lord Deputy, and the late Justices and Officers of the Exchequer, should answer, 1. What became of the Fines, Recognizances, Forfei∣tures, Wards, Marriages, and Reliefs belonging to her Maje∣sty, and of what value they were since March, 1579, and by whose Warrants were they respectively given, pardoned, or dis∣posed of? 2. What Leases have been made of the Crown Lands in that time with or without Fine, and what Fine, what Rent? 3. What Debts were due to the Queen at Mi∣chaelmas 1579. or since, and by whose fault they remain un∣levied? 4. That the faulty Officers may be suspended, and the rrecoverable Debts immediately levied, and a List of the desperate Debts returned? 5. What Debts have been remitted on account of the Land being wasted, and what Proof there was of such waste? 6. What Profits and Ca∣sualties have been answered on Sheriffs Accounts since Mi∣chaelmas

1579. and what Summes have been by Warrants, call'd Mandamus, divided amongst the Barons and Officers of the Exchequer? 7. What Fines, Amerciaments, Recognizances, or Forfeitures, have any Corporations taken to their own use in that time, on pretence of their Charters; and what right have they thereunto, because without express words in the Charter, those Recognizances and Profits do not pass, nor can they have the Fines of any Offence made so by Parliament since their Charter? 8. What new Offices or increase of Fees, and by whose Warrant, and that they be suspended till farther Order? 9. What Allowance for Diet or Attendence hath been given to Commissioners for taking Accompts? 10. Whe∣ther some Irish men did not surrender the Queens Land, with their own, and had a Re-grant of both; and on what reservati∣on, how many such Grants have not been certified into the Exchequer, not put in charge, and what rents are due, upon Grants? 11. What part of the 1000 l. per an. (payable by com∣position for discharge of the Bonnaugh the Gallowglasses were to have on the Country) is in Arrears, and whether there be not a new charge of 2 or 300 l. per annum to the Cap∣tains of the Gallow-glasses, and what service have they done for it? 12. What Seneschalships, Captainries, or Governments of Countreys have been granted without the usual reservati∣ons, and what were the ancient reservations, and to grant no more without Order? 13. Why the extraordinary Garisons put in time of Rebellion into Castles, &c. are continued and to what number, and to discharge as many as can be reasona∣bly spared? 14. What Officers are paid with Sterling instead of Irish Money, and to what loss to the Queen, and by whose Warrant? 15. What forfeited Lands or Chattels in Munster have been granted or let, and by whose Warrants; what profits are paid or due for the same, and that no more be disposed of till her Majesties farther Order? 16. What Money hath been paid for keeping Boats on the Shenin, and out of what Fund, and when did that charge cease?

Besides these he had other Instructions to communicate to the Deputy:* 2.47 viz. 1. That since the Kingdom was in peace, some of the Army (being 1900 strong) might be discharged. 2. That the Deputy should certifie whether it were better to give the Soldiers Sterling Pay and no Victu∣als, (in which case he is to take nothing from the Countrey without payment, at such reasonable rate as the as the Govern∣ment shall assess,) or to continue Victuals and the old Irish Pay, for the Queen will no longer allow both Victuals and the encreased Pay. 3. That the Contribution of 2100 li. per annum in lieu of Cess, Purveyance, &c. be revived; (and ac∣cordingly on the 15th of May 1586. this was done by the

consent of the Countrey, who agreed also to pay all the ar∣rearages of that composition.) 4. That Captain Thomas Norris be made Vice-president of Munster, with all the usual allowance, except the Sallary of 200 Marks per ann. which must be reserved for his Brother, the Lord President; and that the Vice-president's Pension of twenty shillings a day be immediately stopp'd.* 2.48 5. That the Queens Orders be publickly read in Council, except they require secrecy, and then to be communicated to such of the English Council only as are ordinarily attending on the State. 6. That all Offices be given to fit persons, who are personally to offici∣ciate, except in special cases. 7. That the Courts be removed out of the Castle. 8. That the Secretary of State keep the Signet, (as in England,) and that he make all Bills, War∣rants, and Writings that require Signature, and that he keep a Register thereof, and have his Fees for the same. 9. That the Parliament being ended, Ʋlster might be so settled, that the Deputy might repair into Munster to watch the Moti∣ons of Spain. 10. That suspected persons be secured, and that the suspected Inhabitants in Towns be disarm'd, and that the Loyal Townsmen be arm'd and disciplin'd, and that those that were lately Rebels be enjoyned to keep at home, and if the Spaniards land, that the Forage be destroy'd and the Cattel removed up into the Countrey.

The Queen also gave Secretary Fenton particular Instructi∣ons about the Plantation of Munster, and devised a Plot to this effect:* 2.49 That the Undertaker for 12000 Acres should plant 86 Families upon it; viz. his own Family should have 1600 Acres, one chief Farmer 400, two good Farmers 600 between them, other two Farmers 200 apiece, fourteen Free-holders each 300, fourty Copyholders each 100, and twen∣ty six•• Cottagers and Labourers 800 Acres between them: and so proportionably for a lesser Signiory: And she ordered, that if any unforfeited Lands be intermix'd with the forfeited, that the party should be compounded with to his content, and brought out, that so the Undertaker might have his Manour entire; and she also ordered a bet∣ter Survey to be made of the escheated Lands, for the di∣rection of the Commissioners in setting them out to the Un∣dertakers.

It the mean time the Town of Dingle in Kerry was incor∣porated with the like Privileges as the Town of Drogbedah enjoyed, and there was also a superiority granted to that Corporation over the Harbours of Ventry and Smerwick and the Queen also gave the Townsmen 300 li. towards the walling of the Town.

The Earl of Desmond and his Complices had forfeited a vast Estate, amounting in all to 574628 Acres of Land; the Earl himself had a prodigious Revenue for those times, and perhaps greater than any other Subject in her Majesty's Dominions: For his Rents were as followeth.

	l.	s.	d.
In the County of Limerick	2413	17	02
Corke	1569	01	11
Kerry	2711	01	02 ½
Waterford	0242	14	02
Typerary	0060	00	00
Dublin	0042	08	00
Total	7039	02	07 ½

And this great Estate, except what was restored to Condon, the White Knight, &c. was by the Queen (who was in∣tent on the peopling of Munster) disposed to certain Under∣takers.

		Rent per ann.
	Acres.	l.	s.	d.
Com. Waterford, Sir* 2.50 Christopher Hatton	10910	060	07	09
Com. Cork & Waterford, Sir W. Raleigh	12000	066	13	04
Com. Kerry, Sir Edw. Denny	06000	100	00	00
Ibid. Sir William Harbart	13276	221	05	04
Ibid. Charles Harbart	03768	062	15	04
Ibid. John Holly	04422	073	14	00
Ibid. Capt. Jenkin Conwey	00526	008	18	08
Ibid. John Champion	01434	023	18	00
Cork, Sir Warham Saint Leger	06000	016	13	04
Ibid. Hugh Cuff	06000	033	06	08
Ibid. Sir Thomas Norris	06000	033	06	08
Ibid. Arthur Robins	01800	010	00	00
Ibid. Arthur Hide	05574	030	19	02
Ibid. Fane Beecher and Hugh Worth	24000	133	06	08
Thomas Say	05778	031	18	08
Arthur Hyde	11766	065	02	10
Edmund Spencer	03028	017	07	06
Cork and Waterford, Richard Beacon	06000	033	06	08
Lymerick, Sir William Courtney	10500	131	05	00
Ibid. Francis Barkly, Esq.	07250	087	10	00
Ibid. Robert Anslow	02599	027	01	06
Ibid. Rich. and Alex. Fitton	03026	031	10	05
Ibid. Edmund Manwaring, Esq.	03747	039	00	7 ½

Limerick, Waterf. Typerary, Sir Edward Fitton	11515	098	19	02
Limerick, William Trenchard Esq	1••000	155	00	00
Ibid. George Thorton Esq	01500	015	12	06
Ibid. Sir George Bourcher	12880	134	04	04
Ibid. Henry Billingsley Esq	11800	147	10	00
Typerary; Thomas Earl of Ormond	03000	016	13	04
		1976	07	05

And, on the 14th of February; Letters were written to every County in England, to encourage younger Brethren to be undertakers in Ireland; and particularly Popham, At∣torney General, was appointed in Somerset-shire to treat with them: The Queen's Proposals were to give them Estates in see at 3 d. per Acre in Limerick, Conilagh, and Kerry, one with another, and 2 d. per Acre in Cork and Waterford; eve∣ry 300 Acres Demesn to maintain a Gelding, every 200 Acres of Tenancy a Foot man arm'd; no Irish to be permit∣ted to reside on the Land: They were to be Rent-free till March 1590. and to pay but half Rent for three Years from thence they were to hold in Soccage, and to have Liberty for ten years to transport the Growth of their Land to any place in amity with England without Custome, and to doe no Ser∣vice till Michaelmas, 1590. and then but moderately; and be free from Cess for ever; and to have Liberty to transport necessaries from England without Custome; and they were promised that there should be Garisons on their Frontiers▪ and that they should have Commissioners to decide their Controversies in Munster;* 2.51 but some of these Covenants the Queen did not perform, and particularly that of keeping Forces for their Security; and it seems that some of the Un∣dertakers did encroach upon the Lands of the Loyal or pro∣tected Irish, or at least they made so general a complaint of it, that they obtain'd a Proclamation to issue to restrain it.

In the mean time the Burks, a powerfull family in Con∣naugh, finding that they lost much of their Authority by the aforesaid Compositions, and the Establishment of a Regular Government in that Province, repented of what they had done, and formed many groundless Complaints; whereupon the Bishops of 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and Meath, &c. were commissioned to examine, and doe them right.

The Commissioners were indulgent to them, and they pro∣mised submission and acquiescence; but nevertheless in few days after they seduced the 〈◊〉〈◊〉, Joyces, &c. and went into Rebellion, and manned Castle Nikally, and Thomas Row's Castle.

At the same time Mahowne O Brian held the Castle of Clan Owen against the Queen, but Bingham in seven days time won it, and flew O Brian, and razed that Castle and another of Fardaraugh Mac Donels to the ground; and Richard Burk on Proof of Confederacy was executed by Marshal Law.

However the Burks proceeded in their Rebellion, and mur∣thered Sixteen of the Officers of Connaugh, and invited the Sco∣tish Islanders, who to the number of 2000 came to assist them, and contracted to expell the English out of Connaugh, and were to have a Proportion of Land for their pains: The Deputy would have marcht against them, but was restrained by order from the Queen, not to march in Person without the consent of the Privy Concil, so that he was forced to leave that matter to Sir Richard Bingham, who began his march the Twelvth of July, and came to Ballinrobe, where the Earl of Clanrickard, Brimingham, O Kelly, and many others, met him; and some Companies sent by the Deputy did also joyn him; whereupon he sent Commissioners to parley with the Burks, but to no purpose; and thereupon he took a prey of 4000 Cows, whereof 3000 were divided amongst the Army, and the rest imployed otherwise in the Queen's Service, and slew 140 Rebels, whereupon Euston Mac O Donel, and Edmund Mac Richard Burk submitted.

But the rest of the Burks, together with the auxiliary Scots, being about 3000 strong, marched to the River Earne, and were followed at some distance by the Earl of Clanrickard, and Sir George Bingham, with three Companies of Foot, and a Troup of Horse: The Lord President himself with the rest of the Forces was not so far behind, but he could come to their relief, if they should happen to be distressed. The English Army staid fourteen days at Sligo, and the Rebels marched through Leitrim, over the Curlew Mountains into the County of Mayo; Bingham followed another way, and on a sudden turned aside to Roscomon to receive 50 Horse, and some Companies of Foot that came to his assistence. Here∣upon the Rebels encamped at Ardnary, or Ardanar, on the Ri∣ver Moyn, and gave out that the English were fled, and that the Country was their own; but they reckoned without their Host, for Bingham on a sudden turned upon them, and sur∣prized them, and gave them such a total defeat, that of the 3000 there did not above seven escape: The Lord Deputy, on the former report that the English were fled, came in Person as far as Molingar, notwithstanding the former prohi∣bition, and there he met the news of that prodigious Victo∣ry; and so having staid some few days to settle the Country, he returned to Dublin.

In June 1589. Surlyboy, Neale Oge. and Shane Mac Brian O Neale, made their humble submissions to the Deputy; and not long after the Earl of Ormond's Officers made a com∣plaint against Lovell, Sheriff of the County of Kilkenny, that he had executed Marshal Law on several Felons that had Lands and Goods, which would be forfeited to the Earl by their Attainder, and that the Sheriff took those Lands and Goods to his own use; and it seems it came to a Tryall, and Lovell was acquitted by the Jury, which (together with some encroachments Ormond thought was made on his Pala∣tinate of Typerary) occasioned a great feud betwixt him and the Deputy.

I have seen an Account of this Earl of Ormond's Services,* 2.52 as followeth: First, That he maintain'd 200 Horse, and 500 Foot in all Expeditions the Earl of Sussex made to the North, and had fought on Foot in every Battel. Secondly, He relieved the besieged Earl of Twomond at Queen Mary's Request. Thirdly, He took the Castle of Clare. Fourthly, He took several of the O Mores Prisoners, and delivered them to the Earl of Sussex. Fifthly, He took the Earl of Desmond Prisoner, and kill'd 500 of his Men, and thereby hangs a pleasant story; for the Earl of Desmond being wounded was carryed on a Bier on Mens shoulders, and one of them in an insulting manner, asked, where is the great Earl of Desmond now? To which (they say) the Earl replyed, Where should he be, but on the Necks of the Butlers? But to proceed. Sixthly, That he subdued O Sullevan More, and the Earl of Twomond. Se∣venthly. That he forced the Earl of Desmond to submit, Anno Dom. 1571. Eighthly, That he subdued Peirce Grace Rory Oge, and the Mac Swynyes. Ninthly, that in Desmond's Re∣bellion he had destroyed 46 Captains, 800 notorious Tray∣tors, and 4000 common Soldiers.

Walter Riagh Fitzgirald, a sturdy Rebel, with some of the Birnes, and Tools, entred into Action, as they call it, but they were so hotly pursued, that Walter having endured much misery, at length submitted, and was pardoned.

On the 26th day of April,* 2.53 a Commission issued to Sir Ro∣bert Gardiner, Sir Henry Wallop, Sir Luke Dillon, Sir Robert Dillon, Sir Valentine Brown, and Joshuah Smith, Chief Justice of Munster, or any three of them, Brown or Smith to be one of the Quorum, to make Books to the Undertakers of Munster, which shall be a sufficient Warrant to the Chancellour to pass Patents accordingly.

And certainly it was a great Affront to the Deputy,* 2.54 that the forfeited Estates in Munster were thus distributed by Commissioners without his interposing therein, or being so much as named in the Commission: Nevertheless his Ene∣mies

prevailed yet farther to get Sir William Stanly, and 1000 men, to be sent from Ireland into Holland, where Stan∣ly turned Papist, and Traytor, and to get the Ʋlster Forces disbanded; whereupon the Deputy wrote a Letter full of Complaints to the Court, but it was to no purpose, for he was in disgrace with the Queen for his aforesaid passionate Expressions.

The Ʋlster Forces being removed, except some few left with Turlogh Lynogh, at his request, and for his protection, the Irish began to renew their Complaints; Mac Ma∣hon led the Dance, and accused the Earl of Tyrone for ces∣sing and oppressing the Countrey, and was patiently heard, and relieved; Macguire was as loud against both Mac Ma∣hon, and Tyrone, and complained of innumerable Trespasses and Wrongs they had done him; he excused his personal appearance, because he had the ••out; but offered to double his Hostages is his Fidelity were questioned.

But these were trivial Contests, compar'd to that between Bingham and O Rourk, wherein the Deputy interposed so far; as to advise O Rourk to Obedience, and Bingham to a milder Government; which he resented so ill, that he told the De∣puty at the Council-Board, that he countenanced O Rourk to the diminution of his Authority in his Province.

Upon rumour of the Deputy's remove, the Lords and Gentlemen of the Pale wrote a very kind Letter in his Fa∣vour, and gave great testimonies of his good Government▪ whereby the Deputy obtained some Reputation and Advan∣tage. The Cavenaghs had murthered Sir Dudley Bagnall, and one Heron, who had slain their Father▪ wherefore alleadging many plausible pretences for their Rebellion, they submit∣ted, begg'd pardon, and had it.

Controversies arising between Turlogh Lynogh and the Earl of Tyrone, the latter took a Prey of 2000 Cows from the former; the Deputy ordered Restitution; but instead of that Tyrone invaded Strabane, but was forced to fly, by two English Companies that were left there with Turlogh.

At the same time O Donell (instigated by Tyrone) refu∣sed to receive a Sheriff into Tyr••onnell, and shewed other marks of Disloyalty: and Tyrone lent some M••n to the Scots, on condition to receive the like ••id from them at his need: he also reconciled himself to his Enemy Ochane, and made him his Fosterer; he took upon him the Name of O Neal, and by many other actions became suspicious to the State: Wherefore the Deputy 〈◊〉〈◊〉 one Skipper, a Merchant, with a Ship of Wine to Donegall, with directions, if O Neal or his Son should come aboard, to fuddle them, and clap them under hatches, and bring them to Dublin; which was dili∣gently

executed, and O Donell's Son was brought Prisoner to Dublin.

About this time King James of Scotland sent over James Fullerton, and James Hamilton, (afterwards Viscount Clande∣boy,) to keep correspondence with the English of Ireland, and to inform him of the State, Condition, Inclination, and Designs of the Irish; and to disguise themselves the better, they took upon them to teach School, and the famous Bishop Ʋsher was their Scholar; and afterwards, anno 1593, he was at thirteen years of Age admitted to the College of Dublin, and the same Hamilton, being senior Fellow there, was his Tutour.

But the Deputy's Enemies were restless, and had the Con∣fidence to write a very querimonious Letter to the Queen, in the Name of Turlogh Lynogh; but Turlogh (as soon as he had notice of it,) sent his Secretary Solomon to England to disown it, and to applaud the Deputy's Government: How∣ever, the Deputy being tired with these Contrivances, reite∣ratred his Requests to the Queen, to be discharged of his Of∣fice, which at length was granted; and so having first ta∣ken pledges of all the considerable Irish, he resigned to,

Sir William Fitz Williams,* 2.55 Lord Deputy, who was sworn on the 30th of June 1588. He had formerly been a very good Governour in Ireland, but being answered at White∣hall, (when he sought some reward for his Services,) that the Goverment of Ireland was a Preferment, and not a Ser∣vice, he ever after endeavoured to make his Profit of that Office.

It was not long after his coming before the Invincible Armado was forced to coast about Scotland, so that many of them became shipwreck'd on the Northern Shoars of Ire∣land, to the number of 17 Ships and 5394 Men. By this Shipwreck much Treasure (which belonged to the Queen by her Prerogative) fell into the hands of the Natives: The Deputy issued out a Commission to make enquiry after it; but that proving ineffectual, and he being desirous to have a Finger in the Pie, went personally into Ʋlster in November, to the great Charge of the Queen and Countrey, but to very little purpose; whereupon he grew so enraged, that he imprisoned Sir Owen O Toole, and O Dogherty, who were the best affected to the State of all the Irish; and the for∣mer he kept in Prison during his time, and the other he de∣tained two years, untill he was forced to purchase his Dis∣charge.

One of the O Neals, by Name Hugh ne Gavelock, Bastard Son of Shane O Neal, (or rather Connor Mac Shane,) disco∣vered to the Deputy, that Tyrone had cherished and enter∣tained

several of the shipwrecked Spaniards, and had entered into Combinations with them, prejudicial to the State; where∣of Tyrone having notice, he used effectual means to get the Informer into his power, and caused him to be hang'd, though for the respect they bore to the Name of O Neal, it was exceeding difficult to find an Irishman that would be the Executioner.

It seems the Deputy made another journey to Connaugh, for on the 20th of June 1589. at Gallwey Sir Morrogh O Flag∣berty,* 2.56 William Burk the blind Abbot, and several Rebels of Mayo and Ter Conagh submitted to the Deputy on these Con∣ditions: 1. To put in such Pledges as the Deputy should name. 2. To disperse their Forces and live quietly. 3. To deliver up the Sparniards and Portugueises they had. 4. To make amends for all spoils, &c. since the 30th of May last. 5. To make such amends for former spoils as Commissioners to be appointed by the Deputy shall adjudge. 6. To pay such Fine as the Lord Deputy thinks fit. 7. This being perform'd they shall have pardons. Mr. Sullivane assures us, that there were 1000 Spaniards under Antomo de Leva,* 2.57 relie∣ved by O Rourk, and Mac Swyny na Doo; and that the Irish urged the Spaniards to assist them, and they would easily first relieve Ireland, and then conquer England; but that the Spaniards refused for want of Commission, but promised to return with competent Force to effect those Designs; where∣in they were mistaken, for the Ship foundered, and they were all drown'd in fight of the Harbour; while they were on Land, the Queen's Officers desir'd leave to assail the Spaniards, but these noble Catholicks deny'd that, alleadging it was unlawfull to suffer any prejudice to those good Chri∣stians, whom they had taken into Protection.

But O Rourk, and Mac Swiny, well knowing that Sir R. Bing∣ham, Governour of Connaugh, would not take this at their hands, entertained Morough ne Mart and 200 Munster-men in their pay,* 2.58 and with this small Force, and some few of their own followers, they took the Field. Bingham, accom∣panied by the Earl of Clanrickard, did the like, and surprised the Irish at Droumathier, where Morough ne Mart lost his Eye by a shot; but by the valour of Roger mac Donall Swiny (my Autour's Unkle,) the Irish made a gallant Retreat.

But Morough ne Mart having cured his Eye,* 2.59 was woun∣ded in the Heart by O Rourk's Daughter, whom he first ra∣vished, and then sent her home to her Father. Hereat O Rourk grew so angry, that Morough and his Soldiers would stay with him no longer; so that O Rourk was forced to ad∣dress himself to Mac Swiny na Doo, who very generously made him Generalissimo of his Forces; but I suppose he found

but ill quarters there, for it was not long before he went to the King of Scots; but he being no Friend to Rebels, deli∣vered him to the Queen of England,* 2.60 who had him tryed, condemned, and hanged.

Of this O Rourk there go two pleasant Stories; one, that being asked why he did not bow his Knee to the Queen, he answered that he was not used to bow:* 2.61 How! not to Ima∣ges? says an English Lord: Ay, says O Rourk, but there is a great deal of difference between your Queen and the Images of the Saints: The other, that he gravely petitioned the Queen,* 2.62 not for Life, or Pardon, but that he might be han∣ged with a Gad, or Wi•••• after his own Countrey fashion; which doubtless was readily granted him!

Upon the death of Mac Mahon who had taken a Patent for the County of Monaghan, his Brother and Heir, Hugh Roe, petitioned the Deputy to be settled in his Inheritance; and the Irish say it cost him six hundred Cows to get a pro∣mise of it: At length the Deputy would go in person to doe it, but instead of that, as soon as he came to Monaghan, he imprisoned, tried, and condemned Mac Mahon, for levy∣ing Forces two year before▪ to distrain for Rent he preten∣ded due to him in the Ferny.* 2.63 The Irish say he had hard measure, and instance much foul practice in the Prosecution and Tryall; but however that be, the poor Gentleman was hang'd, and his Countrey divided between Sir Henry Bag∣nall, Cap. Henslow, and four of the Mac Mahouns, under a yearly Rent, each of them giving considerable Bribes to the Deputy, as they said in their Complaint to the Council of England; but the Lord Deputy in his Answer did vindicate himself from these unjust Aspersitions, or at least endeavour to doe so; however it must be observed, that from hence∣forward the Irish loathed Sheriffs, and the English Neigh∣bourhood, as fearing in time they might all follow the Fate of Mac Mahoun; and therefore in the great Treaty near Dun∣dalk in Jan. 1595. they all desired to be exempted from Garisons, Sheriffs, and other Officers.

In May 1590. the Earl of ••••••one went for England, where he was in an easie manner r••••trained of his Liberty, be∣cause he came over without the Deputy's Licence; but up∣on his submission he was discharged of his Confinement, and came to a new Agreement with the Queen, (which is to be found at large, Morison 9.) and offered Hostages thereof, pro∣vided they might be kept in some Merchant's House in Dub∣lin, or some Gentleman's House in the Pale, and be exchan∣ged every three Months. The reason why he was so much favour'd and trusted was, because he advised the suppression of the Name of O Neal, which was really of great impor∣tance;

and he was believ'd to be sincere, because, being the Son of a Bastard, he could have no pretence to it, and it stood not with his interest that any body else should have it; and so his Power and Authority was in England thought to to be a Bridle upon Turlogh Lynogh, and the Sons of Shane O Neal.

On the 28th of May 1590. seaventy one Soldiers of Sir Thomas Norris's Company mutinied for want of Pay; they came arm'd to the Castle Gate: The Deputy offered them two month's Pay, but they insisted upon all; whereupon he courageously caused the Gate to be opened, and sent them a Message, that whoever entered the Castle should be hanged as a Traitour; they answered, that they did not intend to enter; upon that the Deputy rode out to Church, Sir Geo-Carew, Master of the Ordnance, bearing the Sword before him: the Mutiniers made a Guard for him, and begg'd his Lordship would consider them; but he briskly rode up to one of them, and finding many Gentlemen behind him, he ordered them to disarm the Mutiniers; but they prevented it by laying down their Arms, and placing themselves on their Knees, supplicated his Lordship's favour: and though they were tied two and two together, and sent to Newgate, to vindicate the Authority which they had affronted, yet, because their Indigencies were great, I suppose they came off without much severity.

About December four considerable Prisoners escaped out of the Castle of Dublin,* 2.64 not without the privity of a great Man, well bribed, as was supposed, viz. the two Sons of Shane O Neal, O Donell's Son, and Philip O Reily; but the Weather being very bad, and the Journey tedious, Art O Neal, one of the Prisoners, dyed by the way, but the rest escaped to Ʋlster; where the two other Sons of Shane O Neal fell into the power and possession of the Earl of Ty∣rone, anno 1594. who kept them Prisoners, and would by no means enlarge them, or deliver them to the Deputy.

Tyrone on the 9th of August appeared at Dublin, and con∣firmed the Agreement he had made in England; but when he was urged to the performance of it, the used many shifts, and delays, and desired the like security might be requir'd of his Nighbours.

This Winter Turlogh Lynogh's Men were wounded by Ty∣rone's, and the next Summer the Marshal Bagnall's Sister was taken away, and married to the Earl of Tyrone; so that he became again obnoxious to the State, and odious to the Marshal, because he had another Wife then living.

Wherefore on the 16th of July he wrote to the Lords of the Council in England, that Turlogh's Men were preying

his Country, and were killed by their own fault; and in Octo∣ber following he wrote to the Deputy, that the Marshal's Sister married him voluntarily, and that he was lawfully divorced from his former Wife.

In the mean time (viz. July 1591.) Tyrone was made a County, and divided into eight Baronies, Dungannon being appointed for the Shire-town; which, amongst other things, and particularly the Authority of Marshal Bagnall, so fretted Tyrone, that 'tis believed it was this Summer confederated be∣tween him and the rest of the Irish, to defend their pretended Rights and Religion against all Heretical Opposers, and not to admit Sheriffs into their Countries.

This Winter Commissioners sate at Monaghan, in order to set∣tle the Country on the Queen's Patentees, and had 100 Sol∣diers for their Guard; they were allarmed and disturbed at the rumour, that Con Tyrone's Son was appoaching, for which Tyrone was blam'd; but he answered, That they were frigh∣ted at the sight of two Horsemen, there being no more near them at the time of the Allarm.

However the State grew every day more and more jealous of him, and the ••ather, because he entertained a Friendship with Hughroe, who escaped out of Dublin Castle as aforesaid, and was now the O Donell, his Father being dead, and had surprized the Castle of Montross; nor did Tyrone's pretence, that he did this in order to make O Donell a good Subject, give any satisfaction to the State, although at the same time he craftily desired the Lords of the Council to interpose, so that he might have the Marshal's Love, and that they might live friendly to∣gether.

On the 12th of July a Commission issued to Sir Thomas Norris, Sir Robert Gardiner, Sir Nicholas Walsh,* 2.65 Roger Wil∣braham, and James Gold, to compound with the Inhabitants of Munster for Cess and Purveyance, &c. and thereupon in Sep∣tember following, the Commissioners did make a Composition for three years, which amounted yearly to the following Summs, viz.

The Barony of Orrery	20	00	00
Condons	06	00	00
Kinalea	15	00	00
Ibawne	25	00	00
Fermoy	25	00	00
Ivelegham and Gormlehan alias Barrymore	42	00	00
Clanmorris	50	00	00
Desmond	30	00	00

County of Waterford	Poers Country	45	00	00
Decyes	35	00	00
	Coshmore & Coshbride	12	00	00
	Ifeagh	18	00	00
	Imokilly	60	00	00
	Barretts	23	00	00
	Conr••yes	05	00	00
	Duhallow	30	00	00
	Muskry	35	00	00
	Bear and Bantry	13	06	08
	Carbry	80	00	00

The Barony of Connilo was to pay 25 s. for every quarter of Land, and small County but five Shillings per annum, and the rest of the County of Limerick 10 s. per annum for every Plow-land: The Barony of Kyrricurry was to pay 1—6—8 in lieu of all charges out of every Plow-land, on∣ly the twenty Plow-lands formerly held by Sorohen, should pay but 15 s. a piece per annum; and in case of Invasion, so that of necessity the Soldiers must victual on the Country, six shillings and eight pence per Plow-land shall be abated therefore; and the Territories of Trachanckmy, Corkaguiny and Offerbuy were to pay 02—13—04 out of every Knight's-Fee; but that which was the best Article in the whole agree∣ment was, that the Country was to appoint their respective Collectours of the Composition-Money.

The year 1593 is memorable for the College of Dublin,* 2.66 which was then finished, and made an University, whereof the Lord Burleigh was the first Chancellour, and Ʋsher, after∣ward the Learned Primate, was the first Scholar that was en∣tred there, which proved a good Omen, that that Noble foundation would produce many Good and Learned men, for the Service of God and the King, both in Church and State.

But the rebellious Spirit of the Irish could be no longer re∣strain'd,* 2.67 but that it must have some vent; O Connor was trou∣blesome in Connaugh, as O Donell was in Ʋlster, and Macguire, chief of Fermanagh, (alledging that he had paid 300 Bieves to the Deputy to excuse his Country from a Sheriff during his Government, and that nevertheless one Captain Willis was appointed Sheriff, and kept 200 followers, Men, Women, and Boys, who prey'd on the Country,) did rise up in Arms, and drove them all to a Church, where he would have murthered them, but for Tyrone, who

got their lives spared, on condition they should depart the Country.

Hereupon the Deputy invaded Fermanagh, and pro∣claimed Macguire Traitor, and took Eniskilling; and they say he let drop some words reflecting on Tyrone, which he af∣terwards said was the first cause of the jealousie he conceived of the English.

But Macguire not discouraged at this, (by the importunity of Gauran, titular Primate of Ardmagh,) invades Connaugh, inten∣ding to prey upon that Country; but the valiant Bingham routed him and his Forces, many of which were slain, and particu∣larly the Primate. It is observable that in the Course of this War Tyrone served (with Marshall Bagnall) against Macguire, and in a Recounter got a wound in his Thigh.

Nevertheless the Feuds betwixt Tyrone,* 2.68 and the Marshal continued, and the Marshal impeached the Earl of divers Treasons: 1. That he entertained the aforesaid Primate be∣ing a Traitor: 2. That he corresponded with O Do∣nell, and other Traitors; but he so well acquitted himself before the Deputy and Council at Dundalk, and by his Let∣ters in England, that in August 1594. the Council of En∣gland commended him for his Service against Macguire, pro∣nounced him innocent of the Crimes laid to his charge, and chid the Marshal for his partiality: Nevertheless it is plain, that this cunning Earl at this very time plotted that formi∣dable Rebellion which afterward broke out; and in order to it he used two Strategems: 1. Having six Companies under his Command at the Queen's pay, he altered and changed the men so often, that thereby his whole Country became disciplin'd Soldiers. 2. He got a great quantity of Lead into his possession, under pretence of building a stately House at Dungannon: But in August the Lord Deputy was recalled, and,

Sir William Russel, youngest Son of Francis Earl of Bed∣ford, Lord Deputy, landed at the head of Hoath, 31st of Ju∣ly, and the next day he went to Dublin, but refused to accept of the Sword, till the Council had first given him in writing under their hands, an account of the State and Condition of the Kingdom; which being done, he was sworn on Sunday the 11th of August with great Solemnity.

The same day news were brougt that Cormock, Mac Ba∣ron (Tyrone's Brother) who besieged Iniskelling, had defeated the English, being 46 Horse, and 600 Foot, under the Con∣duct of Sir Edward Herbert, and Sir Henry Duke, whereup∣on Sir Richard Bingham (who was the sixth of August sent to relieve that place) returned to Dublin.* 2.69 Hereupon orders issued for a general Hosting, and the next day there came news of 2500 Scots, who had landed, and done much mischief at Carigfergus:

On the 13th of August an Order of Council was made, That the Lord Deputy (leaving the Earl of Ormond to defend the Pale against Pheagh Mac Hugh, and Walter Riagh) should march to relieve Iniskelling; and it was also ordered and agreed, That the Council being divided, viz. some to stay at Dublin, and others to attend the Lord Depu∣ty, the Acts and Orders of either Party should be as effectual as if they were all together, and should be estee∣med and obeyed as the Act of the whole Council.

In the mean time,* 2.70 on the 15th of August, Tyrone himself (unexpectedly, and to the amazement of all men) came to the Council Board, without previous Pass, or Protection: and on the 17th made his submission on his knees, and in writing,* 2.71 together with large offers and expressions of Loyalty; he pretended all his distaste was at the former Deputy, but that he reverenc'd this, and was ready to doe any service he could for Her Majesty, or his Lordship; he confess'd that no Prince in the World was more Gracious to a Subject, than Her Majesty had been to him; that She had advanced him to a large Estate, and high Title, and called God to Witness that Her Majesty's Displeasure was his greatest grief; and he renounced God, if ever he would heave up his hand against Her Majesty thereafter: He also pro∣mised to send his Son to be educated at Dublin, and to de∣liver sufficient Pledges of his Loyalty; whereupon (by the opinion of the major part of the Council) he was dis∣charged,* 2.72 the Marshall Bagnall in vain offering to prove se∣veral Treasons against him.

But as soon as the Queen was informed thereof, she smartly reprimanded this fatal oversight of the Deputy and Council, who might at least have made use of Tyrone to re∣lieve Iniskelling.

The Deputy marched from Dublin the 19th.* 2.73 and came to Trim that night, the 20th to Molingar, and the next day to Athloan, the 23d to Roscomon, the 24th to Abby Boyle, on the 26th he passed the Curlew Mountains, and encamped at Drumdone, and the next day passed the Bogs, and marched eleven Miles to the Hill of Killargan; on the 28th he went over other Bogs with great danger, and came to Ballaghnimer∣la, and on the 29th to Glacknemansha; on the 30th his Lordship with great difficulty, and some loss, passed the River with 500 Men, and entered the Castle of Iniskelling without opposition, the Enemy being fled upon the news of his ap∣proach. Iniskelling being thus relieved, the Deputy retur∣ned by easie Marches, and came safe to Dublin on Monday the 9th of September.

On the 16th of January the Deputy took a Hunting Jour∣ny to Ballynecor, and drove Pheah Mac Hugh into the Glinnes, and garison'd Captain Street's Company in his House, and the next day proclaimed him, and Walter Riagh, and their Ad∣herents, Traitours: Some of those Rebels Heads were brought in daily; but on the 30th of January, Girald, Bro∣ther of Walter Riagh, with fourscore Men, came and burnt Crumlin, within two Miles of Dublin.

This bold Attempt obliged the Deputy to another Jour∣ney to Ballynecor; he set out the first of February, and con∣tinued fortifying at Ballynecor till the 20th; at which time he return'd to Dublin, having destroy'd Girald, and James, the two Brothers of Walter Riagh, and some few more of the Rebels; and about the beginning of April Walter Riagh him∣self was taken in a Cave by Sir Henry Harrington, and sent to Dublin, where he was hanged in Chains.

On the 11th of April the Deputy began another Journey into the Country of Wexford,* 2.74 and for some time encamped at a place called Money: and it seems the manner of encam∣ping then was in small Cabbins, built on purpose, and not in Tents, as it is in foreign Countries. He returned to Dub∣lin the 15th of May, having taken the Wife and Sister of Pheagh Mac Hugh, and slain or executed several of his fol∣lowers.

In the mean time the North was unquiet, and Monaghan was in distress; for Tyrone, notwithstanding all his Oaths and Asseverations,* 2.75 did now again appear publickly in Rebel∣lion; wherefore on the 24th of May Marshal Bagnall (who was Lieutenant General in this Expedition) marched with 1500 Foot and 250 Horse from the Newry, and encamped that night at Eight-Mile-Church: Tyrone with 1500 Horse appeared within half a Mile of the Camp, but without skir∣mish retired; on the 25th the Army marched eight Miles farther, and at a Pass were opposed by Tyrone, but after a Skirmish of three hours, the English forc'd the Pass, and marched that night to Monaghan, and obliged Macguire and Mac Mahon to raise their Siege.

The English encamped that Night on a Hill by the Abby of Monaghan, and the Irish being united made up 8000 Foot and 1000 Horse, and drew up within a Mile of them; how∣ever they did nothing more than allarm the English once or twice that night; but the next day they guarded all the Straits and Paces, resolving to hinder the return of the Army; but the Marshal having recruited the Fort of Mo∣naghan with Men and Victuals, marched homeward another way, which the Rebels perceiving, they hastened to possess a Strait which the English must of necessity pass through,

and there they entertained a smart Fight, to the slaughter of twenty Englishmen, and the wounding of ninety; their own loss amounted to three or four hundred; but if the Re∣bel's Powder had not been all spent, this Encounter had been more unfortunate to the English.

That night the Royalists were forced to lodge in the midst of the Enemy, which might have been fatal to them, if the Rebels had had any Amunition left; they sent to Dungannon for supply, but none came; so that the Queen's Army got back safe to Newry, the Irish not thinking they would take that way, being in the mean time busie to ob∣struct their March towards Dundalk.

General Norris, and other Captains, brought over 2000 old and 1000 new Soldiers, which the Deputy had seasona∣bly sent for, and they were refreshing themselves in their Quarters, the better to enable them for some great Under∣taking.

In the mean time Captain George Bingham,* 2.76 and the Ward in the Castle of Sligo, were betray'd and murthered by Ʋlick Burk, and the Castle was taken.

Sir John Norris had the Title of Lord General,* 2.77 and a Com∣mission to have the sole Command of the Army in Ʋlster in the absence of the Deputy: The clashings and janglings that were between these two high spirited Men did very much prejudice to the Queen's Affairs; however on the 18th of June they began their March together, and lay that Night at Melli••ont, and the next at Dundalk; on the 23d Tyrone, O Donell, O Rourk, Macguire, and Mac Mahon, were proclai∣med Traitours, both in English and Irish.

This perjured Rebel Tyrone, after so many reiterated Oaths and Protestations, had besieg'd and taken the Fort of Black∣water, and invaded the Brenny, and laid Siege to Monaghan in April last, and publickly appear'd in Rebellion, and yet at the same time he wrote Letters to the Earl of Ormond, and Sir Henry Wallop, to intercede for his Pardon, promising future Allegiance; he also wrote Letters to General Norris to the same purpose, which indeed were intercepted and sup∣press'd by Marshal Bagnall, till after the Proclamation; but what seems most strange,* 2.78 is, that whilst this was doing, like a shameless Ambo-dexter, he offered his service to the Earl of Kildare, to revenge the Injuries that Earl had suffered from the State; and in September following Tyrone and O Donell wrote Letters to the King of Spain, offering, or rather pro∣mising the Kingdom of Ireland to that Majesty, if he would supply them with 3000 Men, and a little Treasure. These and many other of his Tricks being discovered, the Queen re∣solved never to pardon Tyrone, and of that opinion she con∣tinued

to her dying day▪ though at last she was prevail'd up∣on by her Council to act contrary to her own sentiments in that particular; but she was willing to pardon O Donell, or any, or all of the Confederates that would separate from O Neal, and she gave Orders accordingly.

The Rebels were 1000 Horse and 6280 Foot in Ʋlster▪ and 2300 in Connaugh, many of them well disciplined; for Sir John Perot, to save Charges, arm'd the Irish in Ʋlster against the Islander Scots, and to taught them the use of Arms, to the ruine of Ireland; and Sir William Eitz Williams took se∣veral Irish into the Army, and improvidently sent others of them into the Low-Countries, where they became excellent Soldiers, and returned to be stout Rebels.

But 'tis time to return to the Deputy, who left Dundalk the 24th. O Mc lloy carrying the Standard that day, as O Han∣lon did the next; the 28th they came near Armagh, and saw a Troup of the Enemy's Horse at a distance; the 29th they marched a mile beyond Armagh, and took a resolution to fortifie it: On the 30th the Rebels gave two Volleys of Shot into the Camp, and yet did no harm; on the 3d of July, the Deputy (leaving a Garison in Armagh) marched nine Miles towards the Newry; but being supply'd with Victuals, he return'd to Armagh on the 5th, and marched to Monaghan on the 7th, and afterwards to the Pace of the Moyry, and so to Dundalk and Dublin, where the Lord De∣puty arrived the 18th; and in all these Marches, though the Enemy appear'd in view, yet being light of Heel, and cowardly of Heart, there happened not any Encounter or Skirmish worth mentioning.

On the 11th of August General Norris (who was also Lord President of Munster) marched the Army northward, but it seems he could not hinder but that all the Cows of the Newry were taken by the Rebels; he had a skirmish with Tyrone, wherein both the Norrises were wounded; and though Tyrone was forced to retreat, yet the success of this encounter is not much to be boasted of; for if the Rebels lost most Men, the English lost most Horses.

But Connaught being also enflamed, some Forces were sent thither to the valiant Governour Sir Richard Bingham, and that the Deputy might be nearer to assist, either in Connaught or Ʋlster, as the Exigency of their respective Affairs should require, he removed to Kelles, where he staid some time; but Norris having reliev'd and recruited Monaghan, the Ar∣my was dispersed into Winter Quarters, and both the De∣puty and the General returned to Dublin the 11th of Octo∣ber.

How averse soever the Queen was in her own mind from pardoning Tyrone, because she was taught by long experience of him, that he was not to be retain'd in obedience any longer than the necessity of his Affairs oblig'd him to it; yet upon the importunity and advice of Ormond, Norris, and others, she did give a Commission to treat with him, and several ineffectual Parleys were had thereupon; but at length,* 2.79 on the 27th of October, they made a Truce to the first of January in expectation of his Pardon, and he made a conditional Submission.

In the mean time Pheagh Mac Hugh came in, and submit∣ted to the Deputy upon his Knees, and was pardon'd, and the next day Captain Richard Wingfield was Knighted in Christ-Church,* 2.80 and was the worthy Ancestour of the Viscounts of Powerscourt.

On the 10th of November the Deputy set out toward Gal∣way to receive the Submission of the Burks, and hear the Complaints against Sir Richard Bingham; but O Donell, full of expectations of aid from Spain, dissuaded the Burks from coming; but they sent their Complaints in writing, as did many others; and the Deputy returned to Dublin the 15th of December.

But let us return to the most hypocritical Traitour that ever was in the World, the famous Tyrone, who in his last submission had offered to renounce the name of O Neale, and to be a good Subject for the future, if he might have a Par∣don for what was past; but being now puft up with hopes of Spanish assistance, he did not only neglect sueing out his Pardon, but also suffered his Son Con, and O Donell, and Mac Mahon to break the Truce he and they had so lately made, by surprizing the Castle of Monaghan; however on the eighth of January, a new Commission issued to Sir Robert Gardiner, and Sir Henry Wallop to conclude a peace with them.

This Treaty was very solemn, and all the Irish Potentates made their Complaints and Petitions,* 2.81 which are recited at large by Fienes Morison, pag. 113. The Commissioners were very desirous to establish a Peace if possible, and therefore of∣fered to relieve them in their real Grievances, and to redress their just Complaints; but the Irish interpreting this condes∣cention to be the effect of Weakness, and the ill condition of the English Affairs, insisted upon very unreasonable Terms: viz. 1. A general Liberty of Conscience; (although none of them had ever been prosecuted or disturbed about Reli∣gion before that time.) 2. A general Pardon for all. 3. That no Garison,* 2.82 Sheriff, or Officer, should remain in any of their Countries, Newry and Carigfergus excepted.

Nay they were so stiff, that they refused to come to Dundalk on the Oaths and Protection of the Commissioners, so that five of a side were necessitated to meet in the open Field, their respective Troups being half a mile distant, and two of the adverse Party between the Commissioners and the several Troups to prevent Treachery; so that all this trouble and charge produced nothing but a Truce to the first of April, 1596.

But Tyrone would not drop his design so; his aim was to spin out the time in fruitless Treaties, whereby the Queen's Army and Treasure would be wasted in Garison to no pur∣pose, and his own Forces be better disciplin'd, and encourag'd, and (as he hoped) supplied, and increased by the Accession of the Spaniards; he therefore wheedled the General to that degree, that Norris procured a new Commission to himself, and Fen∣ton, Secretary of State, to make a final end with all the Re∣bels, which bears date the Ninth day of March, 1595.

In the mean time Surlyboy came to Dublin, and submitted to the Deputy on the 11th of February, and on the 22d the Lord Deputy and Council gave him a Velvet Mantle laid with Gold lace; and the controversy between the Earl of Or∣mond, and Sir Charles Car••ll, was then debated at the Coun∣cil Board.

Connaugh was now in an ill condition, and the Abbey of Boyle besieged by the Irish and Scots, who were so numerous that 400 of them passed the Shenin, and prey'd and spoil'd Mac Coghlan's Country, so that the Deputy was oblig'd on the sixth of March to draw part of the Army that way; on the tenth his Lordship sent 100 Shot and some Kerne, to attack a party of Scots that were burning the Country in view of the Army, and they had the good luck to kill sevenscore of the Rebels; and the next day the Deputy summoned O Madden's Castle of Losmage, and received for answer, That if all the Ar∣my were Deputies, they would not surrender; however the next day he took the Castle, with the slaughter of six and forty Re∣bels, and returned to Dublin the 24th.

On the 18th of April,* 2.83 The Lord Deputy and Council, made very good and necessary Orders for the Army, viz. 1. That on their march they shall not stay above one night in a place, and then without exaction, give money or ticket for their diet. 2. That there shall be but six Women (and they Soldiers Wives) permitted to be Landresses to a Compa∣ny, and but one Boy to two Soldiers, and that neither Wo∣men, or Boys be any charge to the Country. 3. No false Musters, or any charge on the Country for more men than really are. 4. That they shall be content with such Food as is reasonable, and with a Breakfast and Supper, without ex∣acting Capury encreason, or Capury ne hairk. And, 6.

They shall not take up the Country Garons without order or payment, nor depart from their Garison without leave. And lastly, Shall have their Quarters assigned by the Civil Magi∣strate; but General Norris was not pleased with the strict∣ness of these orders, and therefore refus'd to sign them.

On the 19th of April Norris and Fenton began their Jour∣ney towards Tyrone, and at Dundalk concluded a Peace with him on the 24th on these Conditions:* 2.84 That he should desist from aiding the Rebels, or intermedling with the nighbou∣ring Lords, and make his Country, a Shire and admit of a Sheriff, and upon his Pardon confess his foreign Intelligen∣ces, and rebuild the Fort and Bridg of Black-water, and re∣lieve the Garison for ready Money at all times, and dismiss his Forces, and give in sufficient Pledges, and pay such rea∣sonable Fine as Her Majesty shall think fit; and so he sign'd a Submission, and swore Obedience.

His Pardon was sign'd the 12th of May, and sent to Sir Ed∣ward Moor, to be delivered, I suppose, on the receipt of Hostages; and on the 31st Tyrone sent the State a kind Letter he had re∣ceived from the King of Spain, but made the Messenger swear that no Copy of it should be taken.

The Queen was wonderfully pleased with the Pacification of Ʋlster,* 2.85 and by her Letters to the Council, commended Nor∣ris for that great service she upbraids Her Officers in Ireland, with the monstrous Accusations brought against them by the Irish, and declares she will subdue the stubborn by the Sword, but will govern the oppressed by justice; therefore she com∣mands them to Unanimity in her Service, and to commission Norris and Fenton to settle Connaugh, and to examine the ma∣ny Complaints that are made against Sir Richard Bingham;

Sir Edward Moor, who carried Tyrone's Pardon, could not find that Earl, who purposely went out of the way to avoid it; for three Pinaces, with about 200 men, and some Powder arrived from Spain in May, consigned to O Do∣nell, with promise of farther supply, as is most probable; where∣upon the Ʋlster Lords were so far from observing the late Peace, that Tyrone took upon him to make an O Reily, and enter∣tain'd a correspondence with Pheagh Mac Hugh, and other of the Rebels of Leinster,* 2.86 and on the 6th of July Tyrone, O Rourk, Mac William, &c. sent the Clan-shyhyes to stir up Rebellion in Munster, and sign'd a general Letter, or Credential, to that effect; he delay'd taking his Pardon till the 22th of July, and even then refused to renounce foreign Aid upon Oath; however he put in his Pledges, and protested Loyalty and Obedience, only to delay the War a little longer, for which he was not yet so fully prepared as he desir'd, for he had not an answer from Pheagh Mac Hugh,

till the latter end of August, and then he received one to his content.

For in the beginning of August Pheagh Mac Hugh (although he was under protection) enter'd into open Rebellion,* 2.87 and by surprise took and raz'd the Fort of Ballyne Cor; and great suspi∣cion was had of the O Moors, and some of the Butlers; there was noise also of some Spaniards at Sea, so that the Lord De∣puty complaining that he was not countenanced, nor credi∣ted in England, as he ought to be, petitioned to the Lords of the Council there, to be a means to remove him from the Government.

However these Misfortunes were somewhat alleviated by the quiet and peaceable condition of Connaugh, which the Ge∣neral Norris and Sir Geoffry Fenton had reduced to terms of Submission.

The Deputy marched out of Dublin the 18th of September, to prosecute Pheagh Mac Hugh, and for some time encamped at Rathdrome; he took many Preys, and slew some Rebels, and on the 16th of November caused two of the Pledges which Pheagh Mac Hugh had put in for his good behaviour to be executed in the Camp: In like manner the Earl of Ormond effectually prosecuted the Butlers, as Sir Anthony Samtbeger did the O Moors, and O Connors.

In the mean time Tyrone is not idle; but notwithstanding his Submission and his Pledges,* 2.88 he attempted to surprise Ar∣magh, and killed 35 men of that Garison; he oppos'd the Convoy that carried the Victuals thither, and murthered eight of the Garison that went out for Wood; his Son in Law, Henry Oge, made Incursions into the Pale, as far as the River Boyne; he also endeavour'd to surprise Carlingford Castle, and contrary to his Covenant, refused to suffer any relief to be brought to the Fort of Blackwater.

Whereupon the Lord Deputy and Council wrote him a smart Letter on the 30th of November, which he answered the 4th of December, and alleadg'd that he had just provocation to doe what he did, because his Allie and Confederate Pheagh Mac Hugh was prosecuted by the State.

This was but a lame excuse, for that Rebel was not at all comprehended in Tyrone's Articles; however General Norris so far espoused O Neal's Quarrel, that he wrote to the Council Board, that one good Letter would have prevented the danger Armagh is in, whereby he covertly reprehended the Deputy's severity: But the Board sent him a smart answer, and since he understood Tyrone's Humor best, they left it to him to relieve Armagh, by Force or Treaty, as he thought fit.

On the 30th of December, Captain Lea had a Ren∣counter with Pheagh Mac Hugh, and had the good fortune to

kill thirty of the Rebels, and sent most of their heads to Dub∣lin.

On the second of January, Sir Richard Bingham, being a severe Governour, and perhaps therefore obnoxious to the Irish, who were frequent Transgressours, was upon their re∣peated complaints removed from the Government of Con∣naugh, and Sir Conyers Clifford substituted in his room.

On the 15th of January General Norris, accompanied by Bourchier and Fenton, marched from Dublin to re-victual Ar∣magh, and on the 22d met with Tyrone, who complemen∣ted the General at a great rate, applauded his Moderation, and thank'd him for his Friendship, offered to suffer Armagh to be re-victualled (as it was) without opposition, and made all the Protestations of Loyalty, and offers of Submission that could be devis'd, and desired that the General would procure a new Commission to conclude an everlasting Peace with him, which accordingly was granted to Norris, Bourchier, and Secretary Fenton, whereof they gave notice to Tyrone, and appointed him to meet on the second of April; but he by his Letter of the 15th of March alleadged many frivolous Excuses; and though they by their dispatch of the 22d assured him of all reasonable satisfaction,* 2.89 yet he still persisted in his Excuses; wherefore they wrote to him again the tenth of April, and he by his answer of the 15th made many triviall Complaints, and particularly he questioned the General's Power to make good what he should promise, for that possibly the new De∣puty should not approve of what they should agree to, and therefore he desired a farther day; whereupon the General finding (too late) that he was baffled and abus'd by that cun∣ning Traitor, he exclaimed against his Perfidiousness, and broke off the Treaty.

In the mean time O Donell had invaded Connaugh in Janu∣ary, and drew most of the late pardoned Rebels into a new Revolt, so that Clifford was oblig'd to hasten to that Govern∣ment: Some of the Rebels of the Brenny attempted the Town of Kells, but by the Valour and Vigilance of Captain Street, they were disappointed, and lost 35 of their Company.

The Deputy made a Journey to Caterlogh, and thence to Kilcor, and staid thereabouts pursuing Pheagh Mac Hugh, and his Abetters, from the 18th of February, to the 15th of March,* 2.90 on the 12th of which month 140 Barrels of Powder took fire at the Crane in Dublin, and did much harm.

On the seventh of May the Deputy made another journey into Pheagh Mac Hugh's Country,* 2.91 and on the eighth had the good fortune to kill that Arch Rebel,* 2.92 and to take a Prey of 200 Cows, which were divided amongst the Soldiers.

But the Queen believing that her Affairs were prejudiced by the disagreement between the Deputy and the General, did, at his own Request, revoke the Lord Deputy, and to sup∣ply his Place sent over

Thomas Lord Burrough, Lord Deputy, who landed on the 15th of May, and received the Sword in St. Patrick's Church, on Sunday the 22d.* 2.93 he had supreme Authority in Martial as well as Civil Causes, and immediately ordered General Nor∣ris to his Presidency of Munster; which Affront, (together with the Disappointment of the chief Government, which he knew he merited, and earnestly expected,) and the ma∣ny baffles Tyrone had put upon him, broke his Heart.

The Lord Deputy (amongst other Instructions) had charge to enquire what English Undertakers had,* 2.94 contrary to their Covenants, suffered Irishmen to inhabit their Lands, and to enquire into the Earl of Glancar's Estate, which for want of Heirs Males was devolved to the Crown.

After a Month's Truce with Tyrone the Deputy marched to Ʋlster, where the Crown retained only Newry Knockfergus, Greencastle, Armagh, Dundrum, and Olderfleet; Connaugh was likewise in Rebellion, and so were some of the Butlers in Munster.

The Deputy met some opposition at a Pass near Armagh, but he gallantly forced his way, and thereby was convinced that the Irish would run, if resolutely assaulted: he soon took the Fort of Blackwater, and garison'd it with English; but whilst they were giving thanks to God for this Victory, they were called from Prayers to Arms, upon the appea∣rance of the Irish Forces, with whom they skirmished suc∣cessfully; yet so as that the Deputy's Brother-in-Law, (Vau∣ghan) and several others, were slain, and particularly two Foster-brothers of Henry Earl of Kildare, for grief whereof the Earl soon after dyed.

Clifford, Governour of Connaugh was ordered to advance with the Forces of his Province to the borders of Ʋlster; wherefore with 700 old Soldiers he attempted it bravely, but being opposed by a numerous Enemy, he nevertheless made a gallant retreat above 30 Miles, and in the face of 2000 Rebels, without any considerable loss.

Upon the Lord Deputy's return towards the Pale, the Earl of Tyrone immediately besieged the Fort of Blackwater, and the Deputy as nimbly marched to its relief; and having raised the Siege, he designed to march to Dungannon, and so to clear the way thither, that on any occasion the Army might march that way; but he fell 〈◊〉〈◊〉, and was forced to return, and dyed in the way to Dublin; and,

Sir Thomas Norris President of Munster, was provisional∣ly made Lord Justice on the 30th of August; but he being melancholy at the death of his Brother, soon grew weary of the Office, and▪ at his Request, the Government was com∣mitted to.

Adam Loftus, Lord Chancellour, and Archbishop of Dublin, and Sir Robert Gardiner, Lord Chief Justice, Lords Justices, who were sworn on the 15th of November, and the same day the Council gave in writing an account of the State of the Kingdom, and concluded, that it was an universal Irish Rebel∣lion intended, to shake off all English Government: The Earl of Ormond was made Lieutenant General of the Army, and he was to have 100 Marks per mensem, and 30 Horse and 30 Foot, and the Lords Justices were to have 33 l. 6 s. 8 d. per mensem, and 20 Horse and 20 Foot equally divided between them.

The Earl of Ormond (upon application made to him by Tyrone) procured a Commission to himself, the Bishop of Meath, and Secretary Fenton, to treat with that Rebel; and on the 22d day of December they met at Dundalk, and a∣greed to a Cessation for eight weeks, on Tyrone's engage∣ment to furnish the Fort of Blackwater with 50 Bieves, and to give the Garison liberty of Forage, and other Articles, recited at large, Morison 22.

On the 18th of February O Rourk submitted to the Lieu∣tenant General, and subscribed the Agreement likewise men∣tioned at large, Morison 22. and on the 15th of March, Or∣mond proposed to Tyrone 13 Conditions of Pardon, (menti∣oned Morison 23.) to most of which he agreed; but because O Donell, and some others, did not appear, that matter was adjourned to the 10th of April; in the mean time the Par∣don was drawn, and bears date the 11th of April, but I do not believe that Tyrone ever came for it, both because he was Anno 1600. outlawed on the former Indictment, and be∣cause he immediately relapsed into his former Disloyalties, and not only sent aid to Phelim mac Feagh, but also laid close Siege to the Fort of Blackwater, but the defence made by Captain Thomas Williams was so considerable, that Tyrone despair'd of effecting his design by Force, and therefore re∣solved to starve them; and indeed they were reduced to great necessity, when in August Marshal Bagnall, with 14 En∣signs of Foot, and a choice Party of Horse was sent to relieve them.

The Rebels,* 2.95 being a vast number, fell upon the English in a Wood, half a Mile beyond Armagh, and the Earl of Tyrone, having a particular spight against the Marshal B••gnall, he bent all his Force that way, and had the good fortune to kill the Marshal, and to rout the English Army▪ with the

slaughter of 13 Captains and 1500 Soldiers; whereupon the shattered remnant of the English retired to Armagh; and sent to Captain Williams to surrender the Fort of Blackwater, that he might reinforce and preserve the rest of the Army.

By this Victory the Irish got Arms, Ammunition, and Victuals, and which was more, so much Reputation, that the English could act only on the defensive part, and not that it self without continual fear and danger.

But the Queen was nettled at this Defeat, and by the 12th of September 1598. blam'd Ormond that he was not there, and ordered him to reduce the old List to 8000, and to clear the Army from Irish; and she also sent over Sir Richard Bing∣ham to succeed Bagnall in the Office of Marshal; but as soon as he landed he dyed at Dublin; and Sir Samuel Bagnall was sent with 2000 Foot and 100 Horse, which though at first designed to plant a Garison at Loghfoyle, were on the afore∣said all news ordered to land at Carlingford.

In the mean time Tyrone sends Owny mac Rory Oge and Tir∣rel into Munster with 4000 Kernes;* 2.96 the President, Sir Tho∣mas Norris opposed them, but was forced by necessary oc∣casions, or rather, by reason of the weakness of his Forces, to return to Cork; whereupon the Munsterians generally re∣bell in October, and kill, murther, ravish, and spoil without Mercy; and Tyrone made James Fitz Thomas Earl of Des∣mond, on condition to be tributary to him: He was the hand∣somest Man of his time, and is commonly called the Sugan Earl. And the Queen thought this Rebellion so formidable, that on the third of December 1598. she sent Letters to the Lord President, if possible, to retain Mac Donough, the white Knight, and Condon, in their Duty, by all reasonable favour and persuasion, which undoubtedly he endeavoured to doe, but all in vain.

But that all the World may know what Trust is to be gi∣ven to the wheedlings and Submissions of Irish Rebels, it must be remembred that amidst all these Treasons, and whilst Tyrone magnified his Victories to the Spaniard, and promi∣sed he would accept no Conditions from the English, yet at the same time he wrote submissive Letters to the Earl of Or∣mond, praying that he might be pardoned, and offering to come in (but indeed upon unreasonable conditions,) nor is Camden's Observation to be omitted,* 2.97

That by long use it was grown a mischievous custome in Ireland, that Rebels and Malefactours might with the Money they had gotten by Pillage and Plunder, procure for themselves Protecti∣ons,

and escape without Punishment.

The Queen was sollicitous to find a Governour fit for this disordered Kingdom, and no body seem'd more proper for it

then the Lord Montjoy, but he durst not stand in competiti∣on with the great Favourite of his time, the Earl of Essex, who covering this great Authority and Station, at once gratified his own Ambition, and his Enemies malicious designs, for they desired nothing more than his Absence from Court, and so,

Robert Earl of Essex, Lord Lieutenant, landed on the 15th day of April, and was the same day sworn at Dublin; his Commission was larger than his Predecessours, both in power of pardoning all Treasons, and granting many of the great Offices, as also in the Power of displacing all Officers that had no Patents, and suspending those that had; in making and executing Marshall Laws, and in disposing the Lands of the Rebels, in Fee at a small yearly Crown Rent to be reser∣ved; in Commanding all Ships in the absence of the Lord Ad∣miral of England, and in issuing the Treasure at Pleasure, keeping within the Summe of the Establishment: The particu∣lars of the Establishment are to be found, Morison 29) the whole of the years charge amounted to 299111—03 07 ½ besides some contingencies,* 2.98 which perhaps exceeded 50000 l. more for Ammunition, &c. his Army was as great, and as well furnished as his heart could desire for that service, being at first 1300 Horse, and 16000 Foot, which were afterwards encreased to 20000 men complete; and Sir George Cary was made Treasurer at Wars in the room of Wallop: His instru∣ctions were (according to his own former advice) to Prose∣cute the Ʋlster Rebels, and to plant Loghfoyle and Ballyshanon Garisons, all which when he came to Ireland he neglected.

The Earl of Kildare and some gallant Gentlemen went for expedition's sake in a small Vessel, but they made more haste than good speed, and were all cast away.

The Council gave the Lord Lieutenant an account of the confused Estate of the Kingdom that there were of the Re∣bels in Arms

In Leinster,	3048 Foot,	0182 Horse,
In Ʋlster,	7220 Foot,	1702 Horse,
In Munster,	5030 Foot,	0242 Horse,
In Connaugh,	3070 Foot,	0220 Horse,
	18368 Foot,	2346 Horse,

Many of the Rebels had sworn at a publick Cross to be stedfast and true to their Religion, (meaning their Rebellion for the defence of it) and even those Irish that were not out in action, were so backward to help the Queen, that they who could bring 100 Horse, and 300 Foot to dispute their private quarrels, would not bring six men to assist the State.

But Essex neglecting the chief Rebels (which were in Ʋl∣ster) unfortunately marcht into Munster, where he took Ca∣hir Castle on the 30th of May, and forced the Lord of Cahir, Lord Roch, &c. to submit; he also relieved Askeaton, and had two or three Skirmishes with the Sugan Earl of Desmond, and did some petty feats, altogether unworthy of his Reputation, or Army; and so marched by Killmallock, Mallow, Fermoy, Lismore, Dungarvan, Waterford, Wexford, and Arclow, (near which he had a small successfull Rencounter with the Rebels) to Dublin, where he came in the latter end of July, his Ar∣my being very much diminished in number, without any fighting worth mentioning: In the mean time, on the 15th of June he received advice, that both the Spaniards and Scots had supplyed Tyrone with Amunition, and that the Rebels were treating with the Scots for Aid, and that therefore he had best prevent it by engaging them by better Subsidies; ac∣cording to a Project formerly laid by the Lord Burrough.

O Sullivan reports that Essex's Army was 7000 Foot, and 900 Horse, and that Owen Omoor, with 500 men fell upon his Rear at Barnaglitty; i.e. the Cap of Feathers, and did good Execution, and took many Plumes of Feathers, which occa∣sioned that name to be given to the place of Battel; that the Earl of Desmond and Redmond Bourk came to the relief of Ca∣hir, whereby that Siege held ten days; that Essex marched to Lymerick, and thence to Askeaton; that Desmond and Daniel Mac Carthy Moor laid an Ambush for him, the ill management whereof raised a Feud between Thomas Plunket, and Peirce Lacy, wherein the former was slain; that a Blou∣dy fight was near Crome, where Henry Norris was slain, and that for six days Desmond pursued Essex his Rear, but there is little credit to be given to that Authour, and yet some things that he says must be allowed to be true.

On the 15th of June Essex wrote a most Excellent Letter to the Queen, which contains many good Instructions, how to manage an Irish War; and though some of his Notions are obsolete now, yet because others are very usefull I will recite the Letter at large.

WHEN this shall come to your Majesty's Hands, I know not, but whensoever it hath that Honour, give it leave (I humbly beseech your Majesty) to tell you, that now having passed through the Provinces of Leinster and Munster, and been upon the Frontier of Connaught, (where the Governour, and the chief of the Province were with me,) I dare begin to give your Majesty some Advertisement of the State of this King∣dom, not as before by hear-say, but as I beheld it with mine own Eyes. The People in general have able Bodies by Nature, and have gotten by Custome ready use of Arms, and by their late Successes boldness to sight your Majesties Troups: In their Pride they value no man but themselves; in their Affection they love nothing but idleness, and licentiousness; in their Rebellion they have no other end but to shake off the Yoak of Obedience to your Majesty, and to rout out all remembrance of the English Nation in this Kingdom. I say this of the People in general; for I find not only a great part thus affected, but that it is a general quarrel of the Irish, and they who do not profess it, are either so few, or so false, that there is no account to be made of them: The Irish Nobility, and Lords of Countries, do not only in their hearts affect this plausible Quarrel, and are divided from us in Religion, but have an especial Quarrel against the English Government, be∣cause it limiteth, and tieth them who have ever been, and ever would be as absolute Tyrants as any are under the Sun; the Towns (being inhabited by men of the same Religion and Birth as the rest) are so carryed away with the Love of gain, that for it they will furnish the Rebels with all things that may arm them, or inable them against the State, or against themselves. The Wealth of the Kingdom (which consisteth in Cattel, Oat-meal, and other victuals) is allmost all in the Rebels hands, who in every Pro∣vince till my coming, have been masters of the Field: The ex∣pectation of these Rebels is very present, and very confident; that Spain will either so invade your Majesty, that you shall have no leisure to prosecute them here, or so succour them, that they will get most of the Towns into their hands, e'er your Majesty shall relieve and reinforce your Army; so that now if your Ma∣jesty resolve to subdue these Rebels by force, they are so many, and so fram'd to be Soldiers, that the War will certainly be great, costly, and long. If your Majesty will seek to break them

by factions amongst themselves, they are covetous and mercenary, and must be purchased, and their Jesuits and practising Priests must be hunted out, and taken from them, which now do sodder so fast and so close together: If your Majesty will have a strong party in the Irish Nobility, and make use of them, you must hide from them all purpose of Establishing English Government, till the strength of the Irish be so broken, that they shall see no safety but in your Majesties Protection: If your Majesty will be assured of the Possession of your Towns, and keep them from sup∣plying the wants of the Rebels you must have Garisons brought into them able to command, and make it a capital Offence for any Merchant in Ireland to trade with the Rebels, or buy or sell any Arms, or Munition whatsoever; for your good Subjects may have for their money out of your Majesties Store that which shall be appointed by order, and may serve for their necessary defence; whereas if once they be tradable, the Rebels will give such extreme and excessive Prices, that they will never be kept from them: If your Majesty will secure this your Realm from the danger of Invasion, as soon as those which direct and manage your Majesty's Intelligences give notice of the preparations, and readiness of the Enemy, you must be as well armed, and provided for your Defence: Which Provision consists in having Forces upon the Coast, enroll'd and train'd, in having Megazines of Victuals in your Majesties West and North-west Parts, ready to be transpor∣ted, and in having Ships both of War and Transportation, which may carry and waft them both upon the first Allarm of a Descent; the enrolling and training of your Subjects is no charge to your Majesties own Coffers: The providing of Megazines will never be any loss, for in using them you may save a Kingdom; and if you use them not, you may have your old Store sold, and (if it be well handled) to your Ma∣jesties Profit. The arming your Majesties Ships, when you hear your Enemy arms to Sea, is agreeable to your own Provident and Princely Courses, and to the Policies of all Princes and States of the World. But to return to Ireland again: As I have shewed your Majesty the danger and disadvan∣tages which your Servants and Ministers here shall and do meet withall in this great Work of reducing this King∣dom, so I will now (as well as I can) represent to your Majesty your Strengths and Advantages.

First, These Rebels are neither able to force any wall'd Town, Castle, or House of strength, nor to keep any that they get, so that while your Majesty keeps your Army and Ʋigour, you are un∣doubtedly Mestriss if all Towns and Holds whatsoever; by which means (if your Majesty have good Ministers) all the Wealth of the Land shall be drawn into the hands of your

Subjects; your Soldiers in the Winter shall be with ease lodg'd, and readily supplyed of any wants; and We that command your Majesties Forces, may make the War offensive and de∣fensive; may fight and be in safety, as occasion is offered.

Secondly, your Majesty's Horsemen are so incomparably better than the Rebels, and their Foot are so unwilling to fight in Battel, or gross, (howsoever they be desirous to skir∣mish and loose fight,) that your Majesty may be allways Mi∣stress of the Champion Countries, which are the best parts of this Kingdom.

Thirdly, Your Majesty victualling your Army out of En∣gland, and with your Garisons burning and spoiling the Country in all places, shall starve the Rebels in one Year, because no place else can supply them.

Fourthly, Since no War can be made without Munition, and Munition this Rebel cannot have but from Spain, Scot∣land, or your Towns here, if your Majesty will still conti∣nue your Ships and Pinaces upon the Coast, and be pleas'd to send a printed Proclamation, That upon pain of Death, no Mer∣chant, Townsman, or other Subject, do traffick with the Rebel, or buy or sell, in any sort, any kind of Munition or Arms, I doubt not but in short time I shall make them bankrupt of their own Store, and I hope our Seamen will keep them from any new.

Fifthly, Your Majesty hath a rich store of gallant Collonels, Captains, and Gentlemen of Quality, whose Example and Exe∣cution is of more Ʋse than all the rest of your Troups; whereas the best Men of Quality among the Rebels, who are their Lea∣ders, and their Horse-men, dare never put themselves to any hazard, but send their Kerne, and their Hirelings to fight with your Majesty's Troups; so that although their common Soldiers are too hard for our new Men, yet are they not able to stand before such gallant Men as will charge them.

Sixthly, Your Majesty's Commanders being advised and ex∣ercised, know all Advantages, and by the Strength of their Or∣der will, in great Fights, beat the Rebels; for they neither march, nor lodge, nor fight in order; but only by the benefit of Footmanship, can come on, and go off at their pleasure, which makes them attend a whole Day, still skermishing, and never engaging themselves; so that it hath been ever the Fault and Weakness of your Majesty's Leaders, whensoever you have recei∣ved any Blow; for the Rebels do but watch and attend upon all gross Oversights.

Now if it please your Majesty to compare your Advantages and Disadvantages together, you shall find, that though these Re∣bels are more in number than your Majesty's Army, and have (though I do unwillingly confess it) better Bodies, and per∣fecter

use of their Arms than those Men which your Majesty sends over; yet your Majesty commanding the walled Towns, Holds, and Champion Countries, and having a brave Nobi∣lity, and Gentry, a better Discipline, and stronger Order than they, and such means to keep from them the maintenance of their Life, and to waste the Countrey which should nourish them, your Majesty may promise your self, that this Action will in the end be successfull, though costly, and that your Victory will be certain, though many of us your honest Servants must sacrifice our selves in the Quarrel, and that this Kingdom will be reduced, though it will ask (besides Cost) a great deal of Care, Industry, and Time.

In June Sir Henry Harrington and some of his young Captains, with 600 Men left in the Glinnes, received a Baffle from the O Brians by their own fault, which Essex punished by Decimation, and the Execution of an Irish Lieutenant (Pierce Walsh) on whom the blame of that Disaster was chiefly laid.

But the Lord Lieutenant understanding the Queen was an∣gry at his fruitless Munster-Expedition, attributed the fault to the Council, and assured Her Majesty (by Letter) of his spee∣dy March to Ʋlster, and yet instead of that, he went with 2500 men into Leix and Ophaly, and totally ruined the O Moors, and O Connors, and on his return found his Army so impair'd, that he and the Council joyn'd in a Letter for a supply of 1000 Men.

And being now resolved for Ʋlster, he ordered Clifford, Governour of Connaugh, to march to Belick, to distress Ty∣rone on that side; accordingly he march'd with 100 Horse and 1400 Foot; but being encountered by O Rourk, and 200 Rebels at a Pass, our Men being tired, and wanting Powder, were routed, 140 slain, together with Clifford, and Sir A∣lexander Ratcliff, and as many wounded; nay, they had all been lost, were it not for the valour of the Horse, who se∣cured their Retreat; and so the next day they marched back to Athloan.

Essex received the supply of 1000 Foot he had sent for in∣to England, and yet made no other attempts against Tyrone, than that with 250 Foot, and 300 Horse; he came to the bor∣ders of Ʋlster about the lattter end of August, and on the 8th of September held a Parley with Tyrone at the Ford of Balla∣clinch,* 2.99 and concluded on a Truce for six weeks; and so from six weeks to six weeks, till May, provided either Party might break it on fourteen days notice before hand; and on the 22d of September he gave a Commission to the Council of Munster, or any three of them, to govern that Province,

Quorum, Sir Warham Saint Leger, or Sir Henry Power, to be one.

Soon after his return to Dublin,* 2.100 Essex and the Council received a sharp Letter from the Queen, dated the 14th of September, taxing his and their ill Conduct and Disobedi∣ence to her positive Commands; whereat he was so nettled▪ that he immediately went for England, where he unexpec∣tedly came to Court on the 28th of September; and being reprimanded for that Vagary,* 2.101 his Apology was in effect, That no harm had followed his rash Deserting Ireland, that he left things in the best order, and in the hands of the best Men he could, and left so good Instructions, that they have not been much altered since, and that he came over in a time of Truce.

Adam Loftus, Lord Chancellour, Sir George Cary, Treasu∣rer at Wars, Lords Justices, were sworn the 24th of September; whereupon Tyrone grew haugthy, and publickly profess'd, that he would recover the Liberty of Religion and his Countrey: To him came Fryar Matthew de Oviedo, ti∣tular Archbishop of Dublin, and Don Martin de la Cerda; they brought Papal Indulgencies for all that would take Arms against the English, and a Phoenix Plume to O Neal, and 22000 pieces of Gold from the King of Spain, to distri∣bute as they saw cause.

Hereupon O Neal, in the beginning of December gave no∣tice, that after fourteen days he would break the Truce; and soon after, viz. the 20th of January, under pretence of a Pilgrimage to the Holy Cross in Typperary, he made a Jour∣ney into Munster, to confer with the Sugan Earl of Desmond, and to debauch those people from their Duty; he had with him 2500 Foot, and 200 Horse; de deposed Daniel Mac Carty Moor, and placed Florence Mac Carty in his stead; he burnt and spoiled all that would not joyn with him, especially the Lord Barry; and he took Pledges of all those whose zeal he doubted, and particularly of the White Knight, and the Earl of Des••ond, and by his Journey wonderfully encreased the number of the Rebels; so that there were very few Irish that had not intelligence with him, or shewed manifest inclina∣tion to him; they were also very much encouraged by the death of Sir Thomas Norris, Lord President of Munster, who dyed at Mallow, of a wound he had received in a Conflict with the Burks, as also by the death of Sir Warham Saint Leger, one of the Commissioners of Munster on the death of Norris, who taking the air within a Mile of Cork, was as∣saulted by Macguire, and both of them slain; so that it was now high time to provide a Govenour for the Kingdom, and a particular President for that Province; and the Queen

shewed abundance of judgment in her choice of both. Sir George Carew, afterwards Earl of Totness, was appointed Lord President of Munster, and,

Charles Lord Montjoy Lord Deputy; they landed at the Hill of Hoath the 24th of February 1599. The Lord President stayed at Dublin some time, to get his Commission and In∣structions, and to learn the State of the Kingdom; and on the seaventh of April 1600. with 700 Foot, and 100 Horse, (being accompanied with his Excellency to Chappel Izzod,) he went to his Province,* 2.102 and on the seventh of March 1599. the Lord Deputy and Council issued a Proclamation to give notice, that the Queen had appointed Commissioners to sit three months, to enquire what Money was due to the Sub∣ject by Bill, Ticket, or otherwise, since the first day of Sir William Russel's Government, for Bieves, Diet of Soldiers, Money delivered, or other Services, in order to their Satis∣faction.

On the 10th of April the President being at Kilkenny,* 2.103 was desired by the Earl of Ormond to go with him eight Miles to parley with Owen Mac Rory O Moor, which he did; and the Issue was,* 2.104 that by the Treachery of the Rebels Ormond was taken Prisoner, and the President and the Earl of Twomond hardly escaped by the swiftness of their Horses; whereupon Pierce Lacy (who was lately come into Protection) relap∣sed again.

On the the 16th of April the Lord President came to Wa∣terford, where some Fitz-giralds of the Decyes, and some of Powers submitted to him, and were pardoned.

The Lord Lieutenant on the 10th of March went to Mu∣lingar to intercept Tyrone in his return from Munster; but he having notice of that design, left 1000 Men with Des∣mond, and 800 with the Butlers, and with a small Company, and by exceeding long Marches, escap'd into Ʋlster; but he lost his Reputation, and many of his Men in this hasty flight.

The Establishment for this year from Feb. 1599. to Febru∣ary 1600. came to 222961 l. 4s. 8d. ½. and on the 24th of March 1599. the Army consisted of 1200 Horse and 14000 Foot.

But the Strength of the Rebels lying in their Fastnesses, the Lord Lieutenant resolved to make War upon them with Garisons, and small flying Army; and accordingly he pla∣ced in Dundalk 100 Horse and 650 Foot, in Ardee 50 Horse and 700 Foot, in Kells 50 Horse and 400 Foot, in Newry 50 Horse and 1000 Foot, in Carlingford 100 Foot; and 100 Horse and 1000 Foot were appointed for Leinster, to invade Leix and Offaly, and victual Philipstown▪ which Sir Oliver

Lambert with much Gallantry performed, about the 15th of April, though he met with brisk Attacks from Owen mac Rory.

In the mean time the Rebels being disheartened with this manner of proceeding, and Tyrone's flight from Munster, grew every day in worse condition, and suffered many Los∣ses, the Garison of the Naas took a Prey, and kill'd many Rebels, and Sir Francis Shane defeated 140 of them, where∣of 45 were slain on the place, of which number fourteen were kill'd by himself; so that many of the Rebels offered to submit, which was the less regarded, because it was known that even those that had not yet entered into Rebel∣lion were hindered more by a sense of their Danger, than their Duty; and that they waited only for a safe opportu∣nity to declare themselves; insomuch that O Sullevan assures us,* 2.105 that before the Battel of Kingsale, the Papists in the Queen's Army had promised to revolt, and that many did so, by two, or three, or ten at a time, and that if they had all done so, then there had been an end of the English for ever.

The Lord Lieutenant march'd toward Ʋlster the fifth of May, he passed the Moyry on Whitsunday Morning, and came to Newry, where he was inform'd that O Neal had raz'd Blackwater Fort, burnt Armagh, and was retired into the Fastness of Logh lurken; whereupon Montjoy on the 15th of May drew out towards Armagh with 1500 Foot and 200 Horse; but hearing that the Earl of Southampton, and Sir Oliver Lambert, were coming to him with recruits, on the 17th of May, he sent Captain Blany with 500 Foot and 50 Horse to conduct them, who accordingly came to Faghard, near Dundalk, and thence all together marched toward the Newry, but were attacked briskly at the Pass of the Moyry by Tyrone, and 1200 Foot and 220 Horse; but Montjoy, who foresaw this design, came seasonably to their Relief, so that they passed the Moyry in spight of the Rebels, with a small Loss to themselves, and very considerable Loss to the Ene∣my, in a brisk Fight they had there.

In the mean time a Garison was planted at Loghfoile, by Sir Henry Dokwra, and they took Newcastle, and spoil'd all O Dogharty's Countrey, took a good Prey of Cows, and kil∣led many Rebels; they also fortified at Derry, which frigh∣tened many of the Irish into the Islands of Scotland, and for∣ced some of them to Submission.

About the middle of June Montjoy return'd to Dublin, by the way of Carlingford, O Neal being retired into his Fast∣nesses. At Dublin the Lord Lieutenant met many and great Clamours; that in his absence the Rebels had invaded, prey∣ed, and burnt the Pale; but the Loss was not half so great as the Noise.

As to Munster, The President with 900 Foot, and 100 Horse, came to Youghall the 21st of April, where he receiv'd an account that Florence Mac Carty, and others of Carbry, on Tyrone's encouragements, were in actual Rebellion; wherefore Captain Flower was sent into Carbry with 1200 Foot, and 100 Horse,* 2.106 and burnt and preyed as far as Ross; but in their return at Awnebuy, they fell into an Ambush of 2000 men which Florence Mac Carty, and Dermond O Connor had laid there for them: however the English behaved themselves so well, that they slew Carbry O Connor, and 100 Rebels, and wounded as many more without the loss of any Person of note on their side; and about the same time the Garison of Killmallock, took a good Prey from the Brough.

On April the 24th the President came to Cork, where he had an account of the miserable condition of the Province, which was all in Rebellion, except some few Lords and Gen∣tlemen, whose followers and near relations were likewise in Action; so that there could be no great confidence placed in themselves; the very Cities and Towns were staggering, and so frighted by the Threats and Excommunications of the Clergy, that there could be no Trust reposed in them: But all this did not discourage the President.

On the 25th of April John▪ Mac Thomas took a Prey of 300 Cows, and 10 Horses from Castlelions, and the next day Redmond Burk invaded O Dwyres's Countrey to his loss of 120 Men; to revenge which, Redmond soon after return'd thither, and on the Sixth of May slew all the Men, Women, and Children, and took all their Cattel, and burnt all that Country.

On the 29th of April, the Garison of Killmallock, took the Prey of Loghgwir, and soon after Banet Condon, and the White Knight submitted to the President.

On the Third of May Florence Mac Carty▪ on promise of safe return, came to Cork, and submitted to the President, and promised Neutrality; and Dermond O Connor was dealt with for a considerable reward to sieze upon the Sugan Earl of Des∣mond, and one Nugent, a relapsed Rebel, for Pardon and re∣ward, promised to find means to ruine John Fitz Thomas, (Desmond's brother,) which he attempted to doe by pistolling him, but was prevented in the very nick, and the next day was hanged.

Likewise, Redmond Burk, who commanded 500 Banaughs, was wheedled by the President, in hopes of the Barony of Letrim, to withdraw out of Munster, and was soon followed by Tyrrel: Hempon Peirce La••y, finding himself unable to defend his Castle of Brough, burnt it, and in July after ••••ed to Ʋlster.

The President had given out that he design'd to march to Lymerick the Sixth of May, whereupon the Rebels met in

great numbers at Ballyhawra, and continued together ten days, and then, partly for want of Victuals, and partly be∣cause they believed the President would not, or durst not come that way, they separated.

The same day Sir Richard Piercy, Governour of Kingsale, slew 10 Bonaughs in Kynalmeky, and had surprized them effe∣ctually, but that Florence Mac Carty gave them intelligence of the Design.

On the 21st of May the President marcht from Cork to near Mallow, and the next night near Killmallock, the 24th to Brough where he left a Garison, and the 25th he came to Lymerick.

On the 23d James Galdy, (Brother to the Lord Cahir and with his privity,) by the Treachery of an Irish Centinel, sur∣prised the Castle of Cahir, but in lieu of that, the Governour of Loghguir-Castle (Owen Grone) delivered it up to the Presi∣dent for a Summe of money not exceeding 60 l.

On the 28th of May the President entred Clan William,* 2.107 and John Burk refusing to submit personally, pretending that his Priests taught him that it was a mortal sin so to doe. The President disdaining that frivolous Answer, the next day burnt and destroyed his Houses, Corn, and Country; and then on the 30th of May Burk came and submitted, and was with his brother Theobald, with difficulty, received upon their putting in Pledges for their future Loyalty.

The last of May the President took Ballytrasny Castle, which the Ward had deserted, and therein a great quantity of Corn, and then part of the Army destroyed the Owny, being O Mul∣rian's Country; and then the whole Army returned to Lyme∣rick, and Garisons were placed in Asketon, and Likadowne, Kill∣mallock, and Lymerick.

Florence Mac Carty had by Letter to the Sugan Earl of Des∣mond a Truce, or Cessation with the President, and about this time had a meeting with the Confederates in Connilo, where he slily betrayed his Brother-in-Law, O Sullevan Moor, and others, and left them in pawn to Dermond O Connor, for what Bonaught himself should have paid.

The President's Army being refresh'd by the Arrival of Cap∣tain Harvy's Ship at Lymerick, he put his Soldiers into the a∣foresaid Garisons, to give the better opportunity to Dermond O Connor to effect his design against the Sugan Earl, who would probably thereupon disperse his Forces likewise.

This plot was craftily managed, and Desmond was taken, and afterwards rescued by the Irish out of Castleishin the 26th of June, whereof you may read at large in Pacata Hibernia.

In the meantime O Donell invaded Twomond with a great Force, but that Earl, having part of the President's Army, often sker∣mish'd with the Rebels successfully, and on Midsummer day forced them out of the Country.

But let us return to Ʋlster, where we shall find O Neal in his Camp near the Newry triumphing, because the Lord Lieute∣nant was gone to Dublin from his Camp: On the eighth of June he wrote Letters to Owen Mac Rory about the delivery of the Earl of Ormond, who was ransom'd on the 17th of June for 3000 l. for which he gave 12 Pledges, who were afterwards delivered without payment of the Money, upon the Submission of the Septs of Kellyes and Lalors, in August following.

On the 19th of June the Lord Lieutenant wrote to En∣gland, that he found more difficulty to govern the Subjects, than to suppress the Rebels, and that he fear'd an invasion from Spain; and therefore desired that some Ships might lie on the West of Ireland, and that the Army might be strengthened. But it seems that Tyrone drew his Forces towards Loghfoyle to straiten Derry, and that Sir Samuel Bagnall taking advantage of Tyrone's absence there, and O Donell's in Twomond, drew out of Newry into Managhan, where he took a Prey, kill'd six Com∣manders, and about 60 Rebels, and returned with the loss on∣ly of three men, and 20 hurt; and Sir Henry Dockwra, and the Garison of Derry, by the help of Art, Mac Turlogh O Neal, did waste O Cahan's Country, and took Dunalong before Tyrone's face, and placed Captain Bowles in Garison there; and by the assistence of Neal Garve, he also took the Castle of Liffer, to O Donell's great dissatisfaction, and about the same time a Spanish Ship ar∣riv'd at Calebeg with arms and money, and thereupon the Rebels flockt thither and left the Country open to the English Garisons.

The Subjects of the Pale sent over the Lord of Howth,* 2.108 and Sir Patrick Barnewell, to complain of the Injuries they received from the Army, and made a Tax of 3 s. per Plow∣land to bear the charge of their Agents, though they had been very backward to contribute so much towards the Queen's Charge; but these Deputies were reprimanded for coming without the Lord Lieutenant's leave, and sent back with a Flea in their Ear, and referr'd to the Lord Lieutenant.

From the 7th to the 12th of July Sir Oliver Lambert, ac∣companied with the Earl of Southampton, staid in Ophaly, and made a Causway, and a small Fort in the Fastness, to faciliate the Relief and Victualling of Philipstown; and about the same time Sir Richard Morison, Governour of Dundalk, took a considerable Prey in the Fews; whereupon several Rebels offered to submit, but were refused Pardon, unless by Service they should deserve it.

On the 12th of July Mountjoy went to the Borders of Ʋlster, where O Connon Roe Macguire submitted, and was par∣doned, but O Neal keeping himself in his Fastness, so that there was no coming to him, the Lord Lieutenant returned to Dublin.

On the 12th of August Mountjoy, with 560 Foot; and 60 Horse, and some Voluntiers, march't to Naas, and thence, to Philipstown, and in his way took a Prey of 200 Cows, 700 Garons, and 500 Sheep, and so burning the Country; on the 16th he came to the Pass where Sir Oliver Lambert was to meet him, both of them skermished all the way, and slew many Rebels, and at Noon they met; on the 17th they marched together to another Fastness, where Owny Mac Row∣ry and Tyrell encountered them. Montjoy was in great danger, having his Horse slain under him, but the issue was, that Owny Mac Rowry, and Callogh Mac Whalter, and 35 Rebels were slain, and 75 wounded; whereby the O Moors were totally discouraged. Montjoy staid in this Country till the 23d of August, and destroyed 10000 l. worth of Corn, and slew more or less of the Rebels every day; one Lenagh, a notorious Rebel, was taken and hang'd, and a Prey of 1000 Cows, 500 Garons, and many Sheep, was taken by Sir Oli∣ver Lambert, in Daniel Spany's Countrey, with the slaugh∣ter of a great many Rebels; whereupon Redm. Keating, and the Septs of Kellyes and Lalors submitted, and were pardo∣ned, on the discharge of the Earl of Ormond's Pledges, which were in their Custody.

Sir Arthur Savage, Governour of Connagh, designed to meet the Lord Lieutenant, but could not accomplish it, though he prey'd and spoild the Country, as far as he came, and slew many Rebels in the Skermishes he had with them.

The Lord Lieutenant returned to Dublin August the 26th, and on September the 14th began another Journey into the North, on the 20th he encamped at Faghard, three Miles beyond Dundalk, where his Army being mustered, were in List 4150, but by Poll but 2400 Foot, and 300 Horse; he was by extremity of Weather detain'd there till the first of October.

In the mean time O Neal had possessed himself of the Pass of the Moyry, but on the 2d and 5th of October the English skermished so successfully with them, that on the 9th they quitted the Fastness; whereupon Montjoy cut down the Woods on both sides, and having refreshed his Army at Dundalk, on the 21st of October he march'd to the Newry, where for want of Victuals he stayed till the second of November, and then encamped near the place where he then built the Fort of Mountnorris, and left in it 400 Men under Capt. Blany; whilst they were building the Fort they had many Skermishes with the Rebels, with good success; in one of which they took Prisoner Neal O Quin, Tyrone's chief Favourite, who was a butcherly sort of a Sot.

On the 10th of November, Proclamation was made in face of Tyrone's Army, That whoever brought O Neal alive, should have 2000 l. and who brought his Head, should have 1000 l. and then the English Army marcht to the Newry, and thence to Carling-ford; but in their way, on the 13th of November, they were attack'd briskly by the Rebels at the Pace of Carling∣ford;* 2.109 but the issue of the Battle was, that the Enemy was routed with the loss of 200 men, and in this whole Cam∣paigne Tyrone lost 800 men, and which was more, his Reputa∣tion; and of the English there were in this Journey about 200 slain,* 2.110 and 400 wounded. Montjoy marcht from Carling∣ford to Dundalk, and so to Dublin, having distributed his Army into Winter-quarters, where we will leave them, and return to Munster.

On June 29. the President marcht from Limerick into Conilo to relieve Dermond O Conner, who was besieg'd at Ballyalinan, whereof the Rebels having notice, they made an Agreement with Dermond, and all joyn'd together to oppose the President. However, he seiz'd on the Castle of Crome, which the Ward deserted, and therein he found good store of Corn and other Provision; and then for four or five days the Army hovered about Asketon, in expectation of supplies of Victuals, &c. which were to come from Limerick by water, and the Rebels, to the number of 3000, kept very near them, and sometimes within view; but the Rebels had such jealousie of one another, that they durst not attempt any thing: and indeed William Burk and Morongh in Moe O Flaherty, did July 3. by their Letters to the President, offer to depart the Province for a Pass and a piece of Money,* 2.111 and to carry their Bonaughs with them, being 2500 men. But the Knight of the Glin (although his Son was by himself put into the Presidents hands as a Pledge of his Loyalty) was out in Rebellion: and therefore on July 5. the President sat down before the Castle of Glin in the County of Limerick; and although the Rebels Army (being 3000 strong) were within two miles of him, yet he valiantly took the Castle by Assault, with the slaughter of 80 Rebels.

It is observable, that during the Siege, and before the Ar∣tillery was mounted, the Knight of the Glin had two Parleys with the Earl of Twomond, and might have had good Condi∣tions; but he relied upon the Promises of his Confederates to raise the Siege, and refused to submit. The President having put 21 men under Captain Mordant in the Castle of the Glin, design'd to attempt Carrigofoyle, but O Connor Kerry prevented that by his submission and surrender; and yet he also after∣wards relaps'd when the Spaniards came. In the mean time the President sent Maurice Stack with 50 men to Kerry, where he surpriz'd Liscaghan-Castle, burnt Adare, and prey'd the

Country, and preserv'd himself safe, till Sir Charles Wilmot came to his relief.

At length Dermond O Connor and the Bownaghs obtain'd leave of the President to return to Connagh, but the Lord of Castleco••el took no notice of their Pasport, but in revenge of his two Brothers deaths, whom they had slain, he fell upon their rear in Clanwilliam, and slew 60 of them.

On the 13th of July the President, for want of Victuals, re∣turn'd towards Limerick, and in his way took the strong Ca∣stle of Corgrage by surrender, and gave the Custody of it to Oliver Stevenson, whose Posterity are now degenerate into mee•• Irish. He also placed 700 Foot, and 75 Horse in Aske∣ton; and on the 15th, he took the Castle of Rathmore by sur∣render, and then sent 450 Foot and 50 Horse to Kilmallock, and on the 16th he came to Limerick.

In the mean time the Rebels attempted Liscaghan. Castle in Kerry, to their loss of 23 Men, and force not prevailing, Flo∣rence Mac Carty used all his wheedling arts to terrifie or per∣swade the Garison to deliver it up, but all in vain; however, the President (being advis'd thereof) on the 23d of July, with 75 Horse and 1050 Foot, set out by way of Thomond, and transported his Forces over the Shenin, at Carigofoyle the 28th, and the 29th he sent Sir Cha. Wilmot with 600 Foot and 50 Horse into Clanmorris, where he surpriz'd Lixnaw, Rathowin, and Tralee, which was almost ruin'd by 150 Bonaughs, im∣ploy'd to that purpose, whereof he slew thirty two, and reco∣vered 100 Arms, and return'd to Carigfoyle on the second of August.

Patrick Lord of Kerry hereupon pull'd down his own. Castle of Bealieu, and on the 12th of August broke his heart and died; the Rebels also ruin'd Castle Island, and many other For∣tresses, because they should not be Garisons for the English.

But Florence Mac Carry began now to appear more openly, so that he would by no means come to the President, tho' twice sent for, and it was rumor'd, that he was projecting a Marriage between the Sugan Earl and the Lord of Muskry's Si∣ster, thereby to unite all the Cartyes (who were 3000 able men) to their confederacy; and that he had also sent to Ty∣rone for assistance.

To prevent this, the President leaves Wilmot in Kerry, and returns to Cork by the way of Limerick; and on the 23d of August, in the way, Piercy L••cy offered to submit upon Condi∣tions, but the President would not capitulate with him.

In the mean time Captain Harvy, with 70 Foot and ••4 Horse, marched 21 Mile from Moyallo, in pursuit of one John mac Redmond, an Arch-Rebel: by mistake they burnt a House in a Village belonging to the white Knight, which they

thought belong'd to the Rebels: on discovery of the mistake, the Captain offered to pay for the damage, but John Fitz-Gib∣bon, the white Knight's Son, not satisfied therewith, gather'd 160 Foot and 18 Horse, and fell upon the English, but he was forc'd to return with the loss of 60 of his Men, without kil∣ling one English man; and tho' the white Knight stormed a little at first, yet when he knew the truth of the matter, he was well satisfied, however the malicious Guide, that had mis∣inform'd them, was executed by the President's Order.

Sir Charles Wilmot manag'd his business so well in Kerry, that the Knight of Kerry, and Lord of Lixnaw sued for protection, which the Knight sometime after obtained, and delivered up his Castle of Dingle in October following. And it being certain that Florence mac Cartie had confederated with the Sugan Earl, Daniel mac Cartie more, was taken into protection; and the Earl of Thomond was desired to govern at Asketon, which he did, and his Garrison soon after took the Castle of Mayn in Conilo.

The President had so ordered the matter, that Cormock mac Dermond, Cheif of Muskry became engaged for his Sister's ap∣pearance when sent for, whereby the design'd Marriage with the Sugan Earl was prevented; and soon after the O M••∣ghons, and O Crowlyes of Carbry submitted, and came under protection; but they relaps'd when the Spaniards landed at King-sale. And on the 29. August, Cahir Castle was surrendred voluntarily by James Galde, by the means of his Brother the Lord of Cahir. And about the same time Mac Donough, Mac Auliff, and O Keef likewise made their submissions.

The Sugan Earl, and Peirce Lacy being enrag'd at the Knight of Kerry's submission, invaded his Country; but were forc'd by the Knight to return faster then they came, two of their Captains, and sixteen of their Men being slain. And soon af∣ter Sir Charles Wilmet took Ardart Castle in Kerry, after a good Defence made by the Ward.

Honora ni Brien, Sister to the Earl of Thomond, and Wife to the Lord of Kerry, invited the famous Maurice Stack to Dine with her at Beauliew, where she caus'd him to be barbarously murder'd, and the next day her Lord also hang'd his Brother Thomas Stack, who was his Prisoner. However, Wilmot so manag'd his Affairs, that the Sugan Earl was forc'd to leave Kerry, and in his passage to Arloghwoods was set upon by the Garrison of Kilmallock, and 120 of his best Men slain, and 80 wounded, and 150 Arms, and 40 Horses taken, as also 300 Garrans loaden with Baggage, and all their Cows and Sheep, whereby the Earl was quite undone, and his Forces scattered, and himself forced to fly into Typerary and Ormond, and his Brother and Piers Lacy retired into Ʋlster.

It is observable that the Irish were so blindly devoted to Po∣pery,* 2.112 that many of those that had been Loyal, sent to Rome for a pardon for their sin, in not entring into Action, and a Dispensation for the time to come, from entring into open Rebellion.

In the mean time the Queen, by the Advice of Sir Ro. Ce∣cil, and the Lord President, sent over James, only Son of Gar∣ret last Earl of Desmond, attended and equipp'd according to his Quality, in hopes he might regain the Followers of his Family, and reduce them unto their Obedience and Duty: His Patent was sent to the President, to keep, or give it, as he should see cause, and a Company of Foot was cashier'd for his maintenance, which was to be in the President's House, for fear of the worst; when he came to Cork, the Inhabitants finding he was a Protestant, refus'd to entertain him; so that he was fain to obtrude himself upon the Mayor, where he supp'd, and after Supper he wrote a Letter of this usage to the Lords of the Council; but the Mayor told him, No Letters should go out of his House, but what he saw: However, the Earl sent away his Letters;* 2.113 and the Queen on Notice hereof, ordered the Lords of the Council to reprimand the Mayor, &c. which they did to purpose, by their Letter of 10. November, 1600.

Upon this Earls first coming to Kilmallock, multitudes flocked thither to see him, and pay their Duty to him; but as soon as they saw him go to Church, they all forsook him, yea cursed him, and spit upon him; however, he prevail'd with Thomas Oge, Constable of Castlemayn, (4. November) to deliver that Castle, and two of Peirce Lacy's Sons into his Cu∣stody, which was all the Service he did, or could do whilst he staid in Ireland.

But it is worth noting, that Florence Mac Curty upon the President's Word came to him to Mallow, and assur'd him of his Loyalty by all the Oaths and Asseverations imaginable, and yet whilst he was in the House, he wrote Letters to Tho∣mas Oge•• not to surrender Castlemayn, and assured him of Re∣ward and Relief; so exceedingly falshearted was this mighty Hypocrite; and these Letters were by the diligence of Mr. Boyle (afterwards Earl of Cork) intercepted. However, at length he submitted, and put in two Pledges on the 29th of October.

In the mean time Wilmot had taken the Castle of Clancoyne by Sir Fra. Barkly? and on Notice that the Lord of Kerry, and Knight of the Glin were in the Woods with 80 Men, he pursued them so close, that he slew 60 of them, and narrowly mist the two principals. And on the Fifth of November he sat down before the Castle of Listoel, and after a good Defence,

and ten days time, it was surrender'd to him, together with the Lord of Kerry's Son and all his Chattels.

About the same time Sir Richard Pearcy sent part of the Garrison of Kingsale to Carbry, where near Kilco they took a Prey of 300 Cows, and in November took another Prey of 200 Cows in Kinalmeky; and now some difference arising be∣tween the Cartyes and Learyes about some stolen Cows, they had a Battle at Ahakery, where O Leary and ten of his men were slain. The Lord of Muskry would have reveng'd the slaughter of his Followers, but the President would not per∣mit him, lest thereby he should put the Country in confusion, and make such a Flame as he could not quench.

In the mean time the Lord (or Chief) of Muskry was un∣derhand dealing with O Neal, whom he advis'd not to trust any of English Extraction, and assur'd him he would dissem∣ble with the President until Aid should come; and Florence Mac Cartie levied 1000 Bonaughs in hopes of Recruits they daily expected from Connaugh and Ʋlster, and indeed Forces were there assembled for their assistance, and they would have Invaded Munster, but that Redmond Burk expected great mat∣ters from the President, and therefore would not disturb his Province, and the Sugan Earl was jealous of the Bonaughs, and every body was doubtful of Florence Mac Carthy, and so this great cloud vanished, and the Rebels dispersed into Ormond and Typerary.

Sir Charles Wilmot drew near to the Abby of Ratoo in Kerry, whereupon the Rebels burnt it, however he met 100 Bo∣naughs under Mortagh mac Shihy, whereof he slew 40.

Dermond O Connor (whose Wife was Sister to the Queen's Earl of Desmond) was so well pleas'd with the Honours the English did his Brother-in-Law, that he resolv'd to come to him, and to do some service acceptable to the State, and ac∣cordingly he obtain'd Pasports, but Tybot ni Long, who had a Company in the Queens Pay, pretending ignorance of his Pasport, in favour of the Rebels, fell upon him in Cla••riccard and slew 40 of his men, and took him Prisoner, and the next day cut off his head; whereupon the Queen took away Tyb∣bott's Company from him.

On the 18th of November the President kept Sessions at Li∣merick, and afterwards at Cashell, and on the 28th of November at Clonmell, where the Earl of Ormond met him, and promis'd to expel the Rebels out of his Palatinate; and in order to it, in January his Forces assail'd the Rebels, slew 40 of them, and particularly Thomas Burk, Brother of Redmond, and took 30 Arms, and forc'd Redmond and his Followers into the River Nore, where 70 of them were drowned, and many with their Baggage taken, and particularly John Burk, another Brother

of Redmonds, who was soon after executed at Kilkenny, and William Burk, another of his Brothers, was sorely woun∣ded.

In December, Captain Francis Slingsby, with 500 Foot, burnt, prey'd, and destroy'd Owny Omulrian's Country, and did the like to East Clanwilliam Arloghwoods, and Muskryquirck, and kill'd every Soul he found there; whereupon the Burks and Brians (who had sled thence) submitted and were par∣doned.

The President having notice that the Sugan Earl and Der∣mond Macgragh, titular Bishop of Cork, were at Lisbarry in Drumfinin-Woods, sent a Party thither, who were so near sur∣prizing them, that the Sugan Earl was ••ain to run away bare∣foot; and the Bishop got some old Rags about him, and so well personated an old impotent Beggar, that the English who met him did not think him worth a hanging, and therefore suffered him to pass.

About the 18th of December, Sir Francis Barkly having no∣tice that many Rebels were relieved in Clanawly, marcht thi∣ther, and got a Prey of 1000 Cows, 200 Garrons, many Sheep, and other Booty, and had the killing of many Tray∣tors. And the President having notice of a Marriage design'd between O Donell and the Earl of Desmond's Sister Joan, very seasonably prevented it.

Geofry Galway, Mayor of Limerick, had formerly imprison'd a Souldier for Petty Larceny, and notwithstanding repeated Orders from the President, who was then ready to march he refused to try or enlarge him: wherefore now the President turn'd him out of his Office, and made him pay a Fine of 400 l. which was expended in the repair of the Castle of Li∣merick.

Some of the Garrison of Kerry made a Sally into Des∣mond, and the Servants of John Barry Sheriff of the County of Cork did the like to pursue some Rebels that were fled thi∣ther; but Florence mac Carthy would have his Territories a Sanctuary inviolable, and therefore his Followers routed both these Parties, and kill'd several of the Sheriff's men, and two of the Souldiers. However, on parol he came to the President, and was by him advis'd to go to England; whereto he pre∣tended to consent, and obtain'd the President's Letter to the People of Carbry, to encourage them to contribute to the charge of the Journey; but when he had collected their Bene∣volence, he took farther time to consider of the Voyage.

But let us return to the Lord Lieutenant, who was resolv'd to be reveng'd on the Birnes and Tools, who daily disquieted Dublin, especially in his absence, and he manag'd his design so secretly, and with such expedition, that on Christmas-day he

surpriz'd Phelim Mac Pheagh, in his own House, from whence he narrowly escaped at a back window, but his Wife and eldest Son were taken; and there the Lord Lieutenant staid till the 20th of January, and spoil'd and ransack'd the Country, burnt the Corn and Houses, and planted Garisons at Tullogh and Wicklow, and then went to Monsterevan, and so to Trim; from whence, on the 11th of February, he went towards Molingar, and so to Athlone; and in his return homeward, on the 20th of February, he attack'd a small Island in Westmeath, where Captain Tyrrel lay, but for want of conveniences to get into the Island, the first and second attempts were fruitless, but whil'st he prepared better for a third essay, and proclaim'd Tyr∣rel's Head at 1000 Crowns, on the 24th of February, the Re∣bels in the night stole away; thence he march'd into Ophaly, Leix, and Meath, and on the 6th of March came to Trym, and having made some Incursions into the Fearny, where they found small resistance; on the 21st of March he came to Tredagh, where he altered the List of the Foot, and dispos'd them into Garisons, and so return'd to Dublin on the 26th of April, 1601.

In this Journey Montjoy received Orders to proclaim the mixt Money, and to grant Tyrconnel to Neale Garve, and Fer∣managh to Connor Roe Macguire, who had taken prisoner Cor∣mock O Neal, eldest Nephew and Tanist of O Neal, and the hopefullest Man of the Family; also Morrison, Governor of Dundalk, had good success in the Fews, and brought with him Turlogh Mac Henry O Neal, (Tyrone's Brother) who submitted to the Lord Lieutenant, and was pardon'd; as also Ever Mac Cooly, Mac Mahone, chief of the Fearny—O Hanlon, and the Septs of Brenny, and the Queens Macguire had 200 Men given him for his assistance.

The Lord President of Munster proposed, that a general pardon to all of his Province might be granted with some few exceptions, but this would be disadvantagious to the Officers of the Court and their Clarks, and therefore the Queen or∣der'd, that every body that the President should recommend, should be pardon'd; whereupon (before the end of February, 1600) more than 4000 Pardons were taken out by the Provin∣cials of Munster, (viz.) to Mac Carty Reagh and 210 followers; O Sullivane Beare and 528. John O Dwyer and 158. James Fitzgirald and 370. Teig O Bryan and 221. O Mulrian and 83. O Sullivane more 481. Mogelly people 151. Inha∣bitants of Kerry 270. and Muskry 542. in every one of which Pardons was a Proviso, that they should not be of force to any other than the actual Tenants and known Followers of the Lord who procured the pardon, nor to any of them that was on Bail or in Prison.

On the 31st of March,* 2.114 the Queen sign'd the Irish Establish∣ment, which amounted to 255773 l. 14 s. 0 d. besides some Contingencies, (as Ammunition, levying of Horse and Foot, and the Charge at Sea) which might arise in all to about 50000 l. more.

On the 6th of April, the Captains Bodly and Blany did good service on the Island Loghrurcane, which the Rebels had made their Magazine, and tho' they could not get into the Island, yet by shooting Arrows with Wild-fire into it, they burnt the Cabbins and what was in them, and return'd with the loss of two Men.

About the same time Sir Henry Dockwra, Governor of Logh∣foyle, took the submission of Hugh Boy, who discovered to him the Juglings of Florence Mac Carty, and the certainty of the Spanish Invasion of Munster.

Also Phelimy oge O Dogharty offered to submit on Conditions advantagious to the State, and Captain Bowles exceedingly in∣fested O Cane, and slew 50 of his Men, and burnt his Houses and Corn; nor was the Garison of the Liffer deficient in their enterprize on Tyrconel, for they slew many of the Inhabitants, and brought away 200 Cows and other Booties, and burnt New-town.

The Queens Macguire being setled in Fermanagh, and a Garison planted in the Brenny, the chief thing to be done, was to settle a Garison at Balishanon, which was to be effected by way of Connaugh; in the mean time Sir Henry Dockwra at Loghfoil secured O Dogharty's Country, viz. Inisowen, and had spoilt Hugh Mac Hughduff's Country, but that he was be∣tray'd by an Irish Souldier, who ran away and discover'd the Design; however, it was not long before he did invade it, and took a prey of 1000 Cows, and burnt what he could not carry away; whereupon Mac Swiny Na doe, Mac Swiny fa∣nagh O Boyle, and Shane Mac Manus oge O Donel, made their submissions, and were received into protection.

It must be confess'd, that Neal Garuff, who was the Queens O Donel, was instrumental to these good Successes, whereon he grew so insolent as to tell the Governor Dockwra to his face, that the People of Tyrconel were his Subjects, and that he would punish, exact, cut and hang them as he pleas'd; but the Governor charg'd him the contrary, on his Allegiance, and at his peril. This Man might well be called Garuff, i. e. rough, or rude; for he was (as Sir Henry Dockwra writes of him) proud, valiant, miserable, tyranous, unmeasu∣rably covetous, without any knowledge of God, or almost any Civility.

A general Hosting was designed to meet at the Hill of Ta∣ragh the last of June, which consisted as followeth, besides those expected from Munster.

	Horse	Archers	Kerne
County Dublin	12	95	16
Meath	81	173	100
Westmeath	60	2
Killdare	18	57
Louth	36	51
O Byrne	12		24	Under Sr Hen. Harrington.
O Cavenagh	12		30
Other Irish	104		307

All which, with some Forces left in Leinster, were to guard that Province, whilst the Garrison of Ballyshannon should be planted, and 100 Foot, and 50 Horse were ordered out of Munster into Conaugh on the same design.

In the mean time, on the 22d. of May the Lord Deputy left Dublin, and came the 23th to Tredagh, and the 25th to Dundalk, and on the 8th of June came to the Moyry, and built a Fort there at three mile water, and left it defensible; and on the 13th of June, at his Camp at Fagher, he published the new Proclamation about mixt Money (which might have caused a Mutiny if the Souldiers had been idle in Garrison, and therefore was done on the March); and on the 14th he remo∣ved to beyond the Newry; and on the 25th he marched fif∣teen Miles to Evaugh, (Mac Genis his Country) and on the 16th Sir Richard, Morrison took Downe, and Montjoy march'd to Dundrum, which Phelim mac Evir the Proprietor yielded to him, and submitted himself, as did also Mac Cartane, and the Warders of two Castles at Arglass; and it is observable that a third Castle there had been kept three years past for the Queen by one Jordan, who never came out of it all that time, till now the Lord Deputy relieved and nobly rewarded him.

On the 18th of June, Mac Rory Captain of Killwarlin sub∣mitted, and that Evening came Sir Arthur Chichester to the Camp; and soon after the English took the strong Castle of Ballinshor; and on the 21st being encamped near the Newry, the Lord-Deputy ordered Sir Henry Danvers (who lay at Mount-norris) to seize the Abby of Armagh, where his Lord∣ship intended to plant a Garrison, but Danvers met with some difficulty in executing the design, so that he could not effect it.

On the 22d of June, the Lord-Deputy came near Mount-norris, where the Garrison met him, and together they mar∣ched that Night beyond Armagh, and the next day rode to view the Blackwater, and the place of the great Defeat former∣ly given to Marshal Bagnal; and immediately returning, he left a 100 Horse and 750 Foot, in Garrison at Armagh, under Sir Henry Danvers, and march'd that Night to Mount-norris; and on the 24th encamped two Miles short of Newry, at the Hill of Dananury, expecting Supplies from the Pale.

On the 28th of June, the Garrison of Armagh ruined Bryan mac Art, kill'd divers of his Men, took his Horses, and de∣stroy'd his Baggage, and also took 300 Cows from Mac Genis, whereupon Art mac Genis, and Rory Oge Mac Genis, and Pa∣trick mac Mahon, soon after made their submissions.

On the 2d of July, the Lord-Deputy dispersed his Forces into the adjacent Garrisons, and rode to Dundalk with a Troop of Horse, and three Companies of Foot; and on Notice from the Lord President, that Munster was quiet, and that the Irish Lords did abuse the Commission of Martial Law they had, those Commissions were recall'd.

The Garrison of Armagh did yet more good Service, in ta∣king some good Horses from Tyrone's Camp, and in preying Mac Cartanes Country, which was one of the greatest Fast∣nesses in Ireland.

The Deputy finding the General Hosting not to answer expectation, and to be useless in the Army, ordered them to defend the Pale, placing those of Dublin and Louth at Louth, those of Meath at Kells, those of Kildare at Athy▪ &c. And on the 9th of July he march'd to Latenbur, beyond Newry, and came the 12th to Armagh, and encamped that Night near two miles beyond it. On the 13th he went near the Black∣water, and Tyrone shewed himself on t'other side at some di∣stance, but soon vanished at the noise of the Artillery (being only a Rabinet and a Falcon) however afterward he attempted to send some Horse over the River toward the Fews, but on the Approach of a Detachment of the English they retired.

On the 14th (with the loss of about 22 Men) 300 English past the River, and beat the Rebels out of their Trenches, which were better and more artificially made, then de∣fended.

On the 15th, the Deputy rode towards the Woods and Fastnesses, and received little harm; and on the 16th he sent Sir Christopher Saint Laurence's Regiment to Benburb (the old House of Shane O Neal, environ'd with Woods) to which the Rebels flock'd, so that there was a pretty Skirmish between them for three hours, in view of the English Camp, and new Detachmenrs were sent from the Camp as often as requir'd;

but the English were too hard for the Rebels in the Plain, and therefore the Irish made their best advantage of the Wood, and sallied out as they saw occasion; the issue was, that the Deputy lost only two English-men, and twenty-six Kerne, and seventy five were hurt; and the Rebels lost about two hun∣dred. Nor is it to be admired that there was commonly such disparity in the losses, because the English were much the bet∣ter Marks-men, and being better furnish'd with Ammuni∣tion, made many more shot then the Rebels could spare. The 17th and 18th were spent in building and fortifying, or rather beginning a New Fort at Blackwater, not far distant from the old one, which was demolish'd.

In the mean time Sir H. Dockwra took Newtowne, and got a prey of a 1000 Cows near Logeherne, and did other good Services in Ʋlster. And Sir John Barkly at Annaly had stopped Tyrrel from passing into Ophaly, and kill'd many of his Men, and took 300 Cows.

On the 23d of July, Captain Williams and his Company, being left to guard the new Fort, and Proclamation first made, That the Queen would not receive Tyrone to Mercy; and therefore offered 2000 l. for him alive, and 1000 l. for him dead: the Army dislodg'd, and employ'd themselves in destroying the Corn. On the 27th the Irish shew'd them∣selves, but soon retir'd; and Shane mac Daniel Grome, Tyrone's Marshal, made his submission.

In the mean time Sir Henry Power behaved himself well in Leix, having destroy'd and dispers'd 300 Rebels there, and kill'd 40 of the Sept of O more; and on the 30th of July the Deputy march'd to the new Fort at Blackwater and beyond it, and spent two days in cutting the Woods and clearing the Paces; and whilst they were doing so, on the first of August the Rebels made an Alarum, whereat the English Horses were frightned, broke their Headstals, and ran away, some to Ar∣magh, and some to Newry, but the Troopers recovered them all again, by the cowardize and negligence of the Irish Horse-men who might easily have pursued and taken them all.

On the second of August the Deputy return'd to Armagh, and march three miles farther to Ralawtany, and sent out Sir Henry Danvers with 300 Foot to burn about 20 Houses, which he effected; but in his return was assaulted by Tyrene's Army. However, being succour'd from the Camp, he made a safe Retreat, though the Rebels pursued him even so far as to pour a Volly of Shot into the Camp, and by reason of the adjacent Wood, they also got away safe.

The next day the Deputy marched North of Armagh, for convenience of Forage, and to secure the Convoys, and the Rebels being numerous, drew down thorough the Woods

near the Army, which by Poll was but 1728 foot, and above half of them Irish.

The fourth of August the Deputy drew out some Compa∣nies to cut down the Woods, and they were not interrupted all day; but after they were return'd to the Camp, in the E∣vening the Rebels appear'd in a Meadow below the Camp with Drums and Bagpipes, and pretended to assault the Camp; but the Lord Deputy plac'd 400 men in Ambush, and order'd them not to fire till the Enemy was very near. The Rebels were encourag'd by their not firing, so that they poured 2 or 3000 Shot into the Camp; but the Ambush finding their opportunity, gave them such a Volley in their teeth, that turn'd their Musick to Allogone, and slew many of their best men, and particularly Peirce Lacy of the Brough, one of the greatest Rebels in Munster.

But because Tyrone, who had 3640 Foot, and 400 Horse, was strengthned by the access of Maguire, mac Mahon and Cor∣mack mac Baron, and their Followers, and was also elevated with the expectation of Spanish Succours, the Deputy sent for Sir John Barkly's Regiment from Annaly, and spent two days in cutting the Paces; and on the 7th march'd to Mount Norris, where he staid the 8th, 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th, and on the 13th came within three mile of Armagh; and on the 14th victualled the Abby of Armagh and the Fort of Black∣water, and return'd to his Camp; and on the 15th he march'd to Mount Norris, and on the 16th to Carrickbane near the Newry, and on the 24th his Lordship left the Field and came to the Newry, having plac'd his Forces in Garrison,

	Foot.	Horse.
Viz. at Carigfergus	850	125	Sir Arth. Chichester.
Lecale	300		Sir Rich. Morison.
Newry	450	50	Sir Fran. Stafford.
Mount Norris	600	50	Sir Sam. Bagnal.
Armagh	800	125	Sir Hen. Danvers.
Blackwater	350		Capt. Williams.

But let us return to the Lord President of Munster, who was alarum'd from Conaugh; for in the latter end of March, Redmond Burk and Hugh Mostian, with 800 Canaugh-men, and Teig Bourk, John Fitz Thomas, Donough mac Cormock, and Peirce Lacy, with 700 Ʋlster-men, design'd to invade Munster by the way of Conaugh; and the Lord of Kerry, Teig Reagh mac Ma∣hon, and others, were providing a Bark to come by Sea.

Sir John Barkly (Governour of Conaugh in absence of Sir Arthur Savage) was too weak to resist this Force, and there∣fore the President sent him 1000 Foot under Sergeant-Major

Flower, in hopes to interrupt their passage over the Shenin: Flower, assisted by the Lord Twomond's Foot-Company, on the 29th of March came to Quin in Thomond, and hearing the Re∣bels were not far off, notwithstanding that Teig mac Tirlogh, O Brian, and Walter Burk (Son of the blind Abbot) had three days before joyn'd them, he drew towards them, and so va∣liantly manag'd the Encounter, that Teig and Walter were both slain, and their Forces totally routed.

The remainder of the Rebels finding that the President had taken care to stop their passage by Sea, retir'd into Tough Ki∣nalehim, (a strong Fastness betwixt Clanrickard and Thomond) where they continued till the 13th of April, then being half starved, and dispairing of assistance from O Donnel, (who had promis'd it) they stole away in the Night to O Maddins Coun∣try; the English pursued them several Nights, till they pass'd the River Suck, wherein 200 Irish were drowned, and the rest dispers'd; in the mean time the President himself came to Ly∣merick, to countenance and be ready to assist the English For∣ces; he also order'd the chief Irish Subjects (with their ri∣sings out) to meet at Galbally in the County of Lymerick, un∣der the Lord Barry, where 1300 Foot and 120 Horse (of the County of Cork only) appeared.

The Rebels thus scattered, Captain Flower returned to Ly∣merick the 21st of April, and on the 26th the President re∣turned to Cork, in order to use all possible means to secure the Sugan Earl, and Florence Mac Carty, which not long after he luckily effected; for on the 29th of May the White Knight, alias Fitz Gibbon, took James the Sugan Earl of Desmond pri∣soner, in a Cave in the Mountain of Slevegrot, and sent him to the President at Cork, for which good service he had 1000 l. This Earl was arraign'd and condemn'd at Cork, and after∣wards sent into England, together with Florence Mac Carty, whom the President caus'd to be arrested in Cork, in the be∣ginning of June, upon notice of his manifold Treasons and Breaches of his Protection, which may be found at large in Pacata Hiberniae, p. 164. both of them afterwards died in the Tower of London. One of these was the most potent of all the Earls of Desmond, having at one time 8000 armed Men under his command: And the other had been the most consi∣derable of the Mac Carties since the Conquest.

The President,* 2.115 to farther the intended Plantation at Balli∣shanon, sent Sir Francis Barkley and 1000 Foot and 50 Horse to Conaugh, by the Deputy's order, where they did very good service.

On the 28th of July the President held Sessions of Goal-delivery at Cork, where all the Freeholders were summon'd to appear, and then he intended to seize upon the most suspicious

persons, in hopes that the News thereof would prevent the Spanish Invasion, and accordingly he caus'd to be arrested Mac Donogh, alias Dermond Mac Owen, Teig Mac Dermond Car∣ty, Brother of the Lord of Muskry, and Moyle more O Mahon of Kinalmeaky, all which were fully resolved to joyn with the Spaniards, and had license from the Priests to temporize, till their deliverance should come.

About this time the Earl of Ormond did good service in Kilkenny and Tipperary, and slew several considerable Rebels, and near 100 others of lesser note.

But let us return to the Lord Deputy,* 2.116 whom we left at the Newry, where he receiv'd News, that the Lord Dunsany, who had a Company of Kernes in the Queens Pay, at Liscannon, a Fort in the Brenny, took a Prey of 1600 Cows from Macma∣hon, but being pursued by 140 Men, they left their Prey and ran away to the Fort; in this small Skirmish about 50 of each side were slain, but never a good Subject amongst them.

But much better did Sir Henry Dockwra behave himself in Ʋlster, for he not only regain'd the Castle of Derry, which some of his Irish Soldiers had betray'd to the Rebels, but he also surpriz'd Donegal, and tho' O Donel besieg'd it full thirty days, using many horrible Howlings and Outcries, to terrifie the Garison, and altho' the Abby by accident was burnt, yet did the English Soldiers manfully defend it, until O Donel drew off to the Relief of Kingsale, and then Sir Henry marched to Donegal by land, and Edward Diggs, with two Companies quartered at a place called Asherow, had the good fortune to surprize and take Ballyshannon, a place very much coveted by the English, for the advantage of its situation.

On the 29th of August, the Deputy came to Trim, where the Privy-Council from Dublin met him,* 2.117 to consult of Affairs in general, and particularly how to deal with Tyrrel, who pro∣jected an Incursion into Munster.

In September the Lord President receiv'd 2000 fresh Men, landed at Waterford and Cork from England, and thereof gave account to the Deputy: whereupon Mountjoy went to Kilkenny with one Troop only on the 13th of September, in order to confer with the President about the Queens Service, but the President was then hindred by the noise of the Spanish Invasion, but that being cooled again, the President (leaving Sir Charles Wilmot in Cork) met the Lord Deputy at Leighlin on the 19th of September.

There were Posts newly erected for the more speedy con∣veying of Intelligence, so that on the 22d of September, sitting at Council in Kilkenny, they received News by the Post, that the Spaniards were discover'd near the Old-head of Kingsale; and on the 23d another Letter from Sir Charles Wilmot was

brought them, signifying, That they were landed at Kingsale; but they were not landed when the Post came away, but landed that very day, being the 23th of September 1601.

Hereupon the Marshal Wingfield was sent to the Pale to as∣semble those Forces,* 2.118 and to get what Necessaries the Council could supply the Army with; and Sir Henry Danvers was sent for the Garrison of Armagh, and Sir John Berkly for that of Navan; and the Deputy and President rode that night to Kiltenan, my Lord of Dunboyn's Castle, and the 25th to Clon∣mel, the 26th to Glannor, and 27th to Cork, where they found a large Magazine of Victuals preserv'd by the President's for∣tunate providence, against this time of great necessity.

Captain Slingsby,* 2.119 with his Foot-Company and some of Sir Anthony Cook's Horse march'd to view the Enemy, and enter∣tain'd a small Skirmish with them.

Capt. Flower,* 2.120 with some Companies, went to view the E∣nemy, who sallied and were beaten back by the English.

The Deputy,* 2.121 President, and Council, went to view King∣sale.

Fortescue and Berry brought two Companies to Cork.* 2.122

The Marshal and Sir John Barkly came to Cork with more Forces.* 2.123

Danvers,* 2.124 Folliot, and Blany also came, and the Marshal and Berkly went to view a fit place to encamp in.

Proclamation against assisting the Invaders,* 2.125 and the great Cities sent some Militia to the Army.

The Deputy encamp'd at Owneboy.* 2.126

At Knockrobin.* 2.127

Sir John Berkly alarum'd Kingsale,* 2.128 and beat the Spaniards in∣to their Trenches.

A Sally of 1000 Spaniards repell'd by 200 English.* 2.129

The Lord of Muskry and his rising on't,* 2.130 was order'd to skir∣mish with the Spaniards, and were effectually assisted from the Camp.

Capt. Button's Ship keeps the Harbour of Kingsale.* 2.131

Sir John Berkly made a successful Attack on the Spaniards,* 2.132 and beat them out of their Trenches.

The Camp remov'd to Spittle-hill,* 2.133 and Capt. Harvy went eight miles about over the River of Bandon, and recovered a Prey from under Castlenipark.

The Artillery was mounted against Rincorran-Castle;* 2.134 the Spaniards attempted to relieve it by Sea, but were hindred by Capt. Button's Ship.

The Spaniards mounted Artillery,* 2.135 which played into the Camp and did some mischief in the Lord Deputy's Quar∣ter.

The Spaniards attempted with 500 men to relieve Rincor∣ran,* 2.136

but could not, though they entertain'd a smart Skirmish with the English.

The Castle of Rincoran was surrendered.* 2.137

Four Barks with Ammunition Victuals arrived for the En∣glish at Kingsale.* 2.138

The President with two Regiments of Foot,* 2.139 and 250 Horse, march'd to intercept Tyrone; he afterwards met with Saint Laurence's Regiment, and tho' he was once within four miles of the Irish, yet they marching 32 miles in one day, were too nimble for him, so that he could never engage them.

The President had Notice,* 2.140 that the Lord of Muskry had un∣dertaken to Don John, that he would send him the President alive or dead, and that all the Irish (being half the Army) would turn Renagadoes when a fit opportunity presented: Yet he manag'd this matter so wisely, that neither of them found opportunity of executing their devilish Designs.

The Spaniards made a resolute Sally,* 2.141 and were beaten back with loss.

Sir Anthony Cook,* 2.142 and Patrick Atthur landed with 2000 Foot at Waterford, and some Horse.

Levison and Preston with 10 Ships of War,* 2.143 and 2000 Foot, arrived at Cork.

—They came into Kingsale Harbour.* 2.144

The English attempted Castlenipark ineffectually.* 2.145

Earl of Thomond with 100 Horse,* 2.146 and 1000 Foot, arrived at Kingsale Harbour.

Castlenipark surrendred,* 2.147 and Don John's House shot tho∣rough.

The Deputy went to Castlenipark.* 2.148

Four Men in the Market-place slain by the Artillery from the Camp.* 2.149

The Artillery plaid on the Town,* 2.150 and more Guns were planted at Castlenipark.

—Also the Ships came between Castlenipark and the Town.

Earl of Clanrickard and his Regiment came to the Camp:* 2.151 And

So did the President. And the Spaniards made an ineffe∣ctual Sally.

Spent in playing the Artillery.* 2.152

Kingsale was summon'd—And St. Lawrence beat the Spa∣niards out of their Trenches.* 2.153

The Artillery plaid with success.* 2.154

The Marshal viewed the Town,* 2.155 to find a place of Battery, and made a Breach.

Berkly with 2000 Foot sent to view whether the Breach was assaultable,* 2.156 and found that it was not.

That Night a Camp was planted near the Town on the West side of it.

Nine English killed ten Spaniards in the Trenches,* 2.157 and that Night the Spaniards made a furious Sally on the new Camp, but were repulsed with the loss of 200 Men.

News of a supply of Spaniards landed at Castlehaven.* 2.158

Sir Charles Wilmot and his Regiment march'd to strengthen the Earl of Thomond's Quarter.* 2.159

Levison tow'd his Ships out of Kingsale Harbour.* 2.160

A Scotch Vessel having eighty Spaniards on board,* 2.161 put them into Vice-Admiral Preston's hands; and the same day Levison destroy'd the Spanish Ships at Castlehaven.

Many of the Provincials of Munster revolted, and joyn'd with the Spaniards, as did also O Donell's Army, and O Con∣ner Kerry surpriz'd Carigfoyle.

A small Skirmish with the Spaniards;* 2.162 and Tyrone's Army discovered in view.

The Camp fortified.* 2.163

The Spaniards made a slight Sally.* 2.164

Bad Weather.* 2.165

The Artillery plaid.* 2.166

The Spaniards made a Sally,* 2.167 and broke down a Plat∣form.

Bad Weather.* 2.168

Artillery plaid,* 2.169 and the Camp was fortified.

Tyrone appear'd between the Camp and Cork,* 2.170 and the Spa∣niards sallied ineffectually.

The same was repeated.* 2.171

The Artillery plaid.* 2.172

On the 24th of December hapned the famous Battle between the Lord-Deputy on the one side, and Tyrone, and Odonell, and their Irish, and some Spaniards on the other, which I forbear to describe, because is is done at large, Pacata Hibernia, 233. It will be enough to say, that it ended in a glorious Victory, the Rebels being totally routed, and 1200 of them slain up∣on the place, and above 800 wounded, without any loss at all on the English side, except one Cornet, and five or six Soul∣diers; nor did those Rebels that fled escape scot-free, for Ty∣rone lost many of his Men and Carriages, in his hasty passage over the Blackwater, and they which passed through Connilogh suffered as much by the River Mage, and met with a severe rebuke at Abby-owny.

It is strange that this Battle being fought within a mile of Kingsale, the Spaniards in the Town should know nothing of it; and yet it is certain they made no Sally till the Battle was over, and even then they sallied twice to little pur∣pose.

On the 28th Syriago with more Spaniards arrived at Castle∣haven, but finding that the Irish Army was beaten, he wisely return'd home, and on the 31st Don John de Aguila offered a Parly, which after several expostulations, centered in a Peace upon honourable Conditions, recited at large in Pac. Hib. 245.

On the 9th of January the Camp was dissolved, and Don John rode with the Lord-Deputy to Cork; and the Deputy dispersed his Army into Garrisons in Munster for their refresh∣ment; and sent the Captains Harvy and Flower, to receive the the Castles of Dunboy, Castlehaven, and Baltimore, from the Spaniards, pursuant to the Capitulations, and accordingly they were all surrender'd, except Dunboy, which the Irish surprized, and soon after Forts were erected at Halbowling and Castle∣nipark, and the like was intended at Baltimore and Beer-ha∣ven.

The Corporation of Kingsale had their Charter restor'd upon their Petition, on condition nevertheless that the Towns∣men should repair their Walls at their own charge, and 2000 of the Army in List were cashier'd, to lessen her Majesties charge.

On the 20th of January, the Cardinal of St. George wrote a Letter to Tyrone,* 2.173 stufft with fulsom Commendations of him, and with passionate Exhortations to persevere in the defence of Religion; the Letter began, Illustrissime & Excellentissime Princeps, &c.

Several petty Accidents happened in Munster, as the taking of Capeclear-Castle, by Captain Harvy, who was Governor of Carbry from Ross to Bantry, and the slaughter of 18 of Do∣nough Moyle mac Carty's men, by the Lord Barry; the exe∣cution of William mac Hubbard, and the submission of Sir Fi∣nin O Driscol, and Sir Owen mac Carty's Sons. But I am not willing to make this History more voluminous than needs must, and therefore I pass by many trivial Matters, especially such as are at large to be found elsewhere, and particularly in Pacata Hibernia.

On the 28th day of March,* 2.174 the Lord Deputy came to Dub∣lin in a Horse-litter, being very much indispos'd, however he disposed of the Army (which was in List 16950 Foot, and 1487 Horse) into Garisons convenient for the Summer-ser∣vice; and it must not be forgot, that this victorious Army did out of their Pay give 1800 l. to buy Books for the Library of the Colledge of Dublin, which was faithfully laid out by Dr. Challoner, and Mr. Ʋsher.

The Lord-Deputy being pretty well recovered, marched to Dundalke, and in the beginning of June came to the passage over the Black-water, five Miles eastward of the Fort, and

sent Sir Richard Morison's Regiment to the North-side of the River, and then he built a Bridge over the River, and a new Fort to guard it, which he called Charlemont, and having left Captain Cawfeild and 150 Men in Garison there; he sent Sir Richard Morison's Regiment to possess Dunganon, but on their approach, the Town and Tyrone's great House were pur∣posely set on fire, however they went thither, and were fol∣lowed by the Deputy and the rest of the Army. Sir Henry Dockwra (who had lately planted a Garison at Ony) came also to the Deputy at Dunganon, whereupon Tyrone retired to the Castle Row upon the Ban, and the English wasted the Country as far as Eniskilling, and took the Island of Magherlowny, which was Tyrone's Magazine, and another Island, wherein they re∣covered three Pieces of the Queens Artillery; Sir Arthur Chi∣chester also came with his Forces from Carrifergus, by the way of Loghsydny, and being joyned by Morison's Regiment, they built the Fort of Montjoy, which was left with 850 Foot, and 100 Horse, under the Command of Francis Row, Deputy-Governor to Sir Benjamin Berry, and so the Victuals being al∣most spent, the Army was forced to divide, and Sir Henry Dockwra had directions to prosecute Tyrone from Ony, by the way of Dungeven, in O Canes Country, and Sir Arthur Chi∣chester was to do the like by the way of Toome, and the De∣puty himself resolv'd to assault him by the way of Killetro, and so he marched to Monaghan on the 19th of July, and ha∣ving setled a Garison there, and destroyed the Country, and placed Connor roe Macguire on the borders of Fermannah, he came to the Newry.

About the 10th of August, Sir Arthur Chichester from Mas∣serine, and Sir Henry Danvers from the Newry, had orders to march and besiege the strong Fort of Enislaghlin, wherein most of Tyrone's Plate and choice Goods were deposited, and ac∣cordingly they did attack that Fort, and had it surrendred to them in a day or two, and on the 19th of August the Garison were brought Prisoners to the Newry.

On the 20th of August the Lord-Deputy took the Field, and encamped between Newry and Armagh, and understanding that Tyrone was in Fermanagh, he marched over the Bridge near Fort-Mountjoy, and placed a Ward near Dunganon, and and staid five days near Talloghoge, and broke the Chair of Stone wherein the Oneals used to be inaugurated, and destroy∣ed the Country. Here Sir Henry Dockwra, with some Horse, came to the Deputy, and brought O Cane, who had lately sub∣mitted. And about the same time, Macguire also submitted, and promis'd to repair Eniskilling at his own charge; and the Earl of Tyrone, with about 600 Foot and 60 Horse, were retir'd into an inaccessible Fastness, at the end of Logherne.

But there being a Rumor that the Spaniards were again landed in Munster, Sir Henry Dockwra was posted at Agher, and Sir Arthur Chichester at Fort Montjoy; and the Lord De∣puty on the 11th of September return'd to Newry, and soon after to Dublin; and in November, Rory O Donell and most of the O Relyes submitted unto him;* 2.175 and on the 12th of Novem∣ber the Earl of Tyrone sent him an absolute Submission very handsomly worded, and yet at the same time he wrote to O Connor Sligo not to make a separate Peace, but that they should stand or fall together.

In the mean time Sir Oliver Lambert had driven the Burks and their Mac William out of the County of Mayo, and on the 18th of November the Deputy began his Journey to Con∣naugh, and on the second of December he came to Athloan, and on the 14th of December, O Connor Sligo and Rory O Donell came thither and made their Submission to him; and although O Connor did act his part well, and alleadg'd many plausible ex∣cuses, yet O Donell not only out-did him, but also exceeded all others that had submitted to that day; for he was very frank and generous in his Deportment, and submitted without Capitulation or Condition; which was the more regarded, because he was a man of Parts and Courage, but the difficul∣ty was how to compromise the matter between him and Sir Neal Garve, who was no better than an insatiable unruly Beast.

The Deputy kept Christmas at Galway, and there received into favour the Flahertyes, Mac Dermonds, O Connor roe, and others; so that only the sickle and treacherous O Rourk (not∣withstanding his Letters to the Deputy that he would submit) and Tyrones Macguire, and Tyrrell, persisted in this Rebellion with the Earl of Tyrone.

The Deputy ordered that the Fort of Gallaway should be finished, and appointed three several (small) Armies to at∣tack O Rourk; but because it may seem that these people could never relapse and apostatize (as many of them did) if there had been any obligation laid upon them to be loyal, I thought it not unnecessary to inform the Reader, that every man that submitted, took the following Oath.

First,* 2.176 I Do acknowledge Elizabeth, by the Grace of God, Queen of England, France, and Ireland, to be the only true Absolute and Soveraign Lady of this Realm of Ireland, and of e∣very part, and of all the People thereof; unto whose gracious mer∣cy I do humbly submit my Land and Goods, and with all faithful Repentance for my unnatural Disobedience unto her Royal Majesty; do most earnestly implore her Mercy and Pardon for my self, and such of my Followers as with me have been seduced to this wicked Rebellion.

Further, I do renounce all and any manner of Obedience unto any other Power or Potentate, which I owe only to my dread Sove∣raign Elizabeth, and utterly abjure any dependancy and adhe∣rence to any of her Enemies whatsoever, or disloyal Subjects; and do promise, swear, and vow, from henceforth to live in her Sub∣jection in all Duty and Obedience, and to use my best endeavours, to the utmost of my power, to withstand and confound any Enemy, either forreign or domestick, that shall attempt any thing against the Sacred Person or Estate of her Majesty, or to the hurt of her faithful and obedient Subjects. And especially; and namely, I do renounce (as before) and promise my endeavours (as aforesaid) against the King of Spain, and the Arch-Traytor the Earl of Ty∣rone.

About the latter end of January the Lord Deputy returned to Dublin, having engaged Rory O Donell to prosecute O Rourk, and in the beginning of March some Forces were sent to help Sir Arthur Chichester to expel Brian mac Art (who had se∣cretly entered Killultagh with 500 men) and they perform∣ed that Service effectually,* 2.177 and brought the Rebels to so low a condition, that they saw three Children eating the Entrails of their dead Mother, upon whose Flesh they had fed twenty days, and roasted it by a slow Fire; and it was manifest that some older people had been in that starving condition, that they murdered and eat Children for a long time together, and were at last discovered and executed for that Barbarity. In short, the Famine of Jerusalem did not exceed that amongst the Rebels of Ireland, and therefore it is no wonder that on the 30th of March 1602.* 2.178 the Earl of Tyrone (not knowing the Queen's death) did at Melifont, in most humble manner and upon his knees, make his submission to the Deputy, tho' at the same time Sir Neal Garve (being discontented) did with Mac Swiny concert the measures of a new Rebellion, and took upon him the name of O Donell, and made the people swear Fealty to him.

In Munster the Irish (by the contrivance of O Sullevan Bear) had surprized the Castle of Dunboy, and taken it from the Spaniards in February; whereat Don John was exceeding∣ly troubled, and offered to go in person to recover the Castle that it might be surrendered according to Capitulations;* 2.179 but the Deputy and President (who were willing to be rid of him) excus'd him for that, and told him, They would take care to reduce the Irish to their Duty: and so Don John and his Spaniards imbarqu'd for Spain on the 8th (although they did not set sail till the 16th) of March.

In the mean time O Sullevan was busie fortifying Dunboy, and had hired Tirrell, William Burk, and others, with 1000 〈◊〉〈◊〉 for his defence; and the President was not idle, but on the 9th of March sent the Earl of Twomond with 1200 Foot and 10 Horse into Carbery and Bantry, to destroy those Coun∣tries, and to view Dunboy, that he might be the better able to provide for its Reduction; but the Earl could march no far∣ther than Bantry, where he left five Companies in Garrison, and returned to Cork.

On the 23th of April the President marched from Cork to Awnebuy,* 2.180 and on the 24th came to Tymoleague, the 25th to Ross, the 26th to Castlehaven, the 27th to Baltimore, the 29th to Kilcoe, and the 30th to Castle-Carew alias Dowminark. On the first of May Capt. Taaf took a Prey of 300 Cows and many Sheep; and on the second Capt. John Barry brought in another Prey of 500 Cows, 300 Sheep, and 300 Garrans; and on the 8th 300 men were in the night sent to Artully to meet Sir Charles Wilmott's Forces, and to conduct them to the Camp; which was effected to the great grief of the Re∣bels, and a Prey of 4000 Cows was taken in Iveragh. This Sir Charles Wilmot had done great Services in Kerry, where he took the Castles of Lixnaw, Ballyhow, Castle-Gregory, and Ra∣••ane, and defeated the Knight of Kerry, and forced him and Damell mac Carty to submit.

But the Lord President having ordered the Irish Subjects to send their Cattle to the Eastward of Cork, lest the Rebels might seize on them whilst the President was at the Siege of Dunboy; Mac Carty Reagh thought himself not obliged by that Order, because his Cattle were safe between Killbritton and the Fort of Kingsale: and it happened well; for thereby Dermond Moyle (Brother of Florence mac Carty) a stout Rebel, thinking to borrow some Cows of his Cozen Mac Carty Reagh, was by in∣advertency slain by those that endeavoured to rescue the Cat∣tle, to the great grief and astonishment of all the Papists, who valued him as a mighty Pillar of the Catholick Cause.

On the 4th of June the Royalists took the Castle of Dun∣manus, and on the 5th there came a Spanish Ship to Ardea in Desmond, and brought some Ammunition and Money, which was distributed amongst the Rebels; and on the 6th the Pre∣sident wafted his Army over to Beerhaven, and defeated a Party of the Rebels; and on the 12th the English took the Island of Dursyes; and on the 18th the President took the strong Castle of Dunboy by Assault, after the most obstinate and valiant defence that had ever been known in Ireland, and not one of the Garrison (being 143 select men) escaped, but were either slain or executed; and the desperate Courage of Macgoghegan was remarkable, for being shrewdly wounded

in several places, so that he could not stir, yet when he saw the Castle was taken, and the English come in, he got a light Candle, and raising himself from the ground in a staggering manner, he endeavoured to cast it into a Barrel of Powder, to blow up him and the English together.

The Castles of Dunboy and Littertingles being taken and de∣molish'd, and the Castles of Downings and Lemcon being like∣wise taken, the Lord President return'd to Cork on the 29th of June, and sent part of his Forces to the Lord-Deputy, by Sir Samuel Bagnall; nevertheless by reason of the arrival of Owen mac Egan with Treasure and large Promises from Spain, the Irish were for a while more sturdy after the Siege of Dunboy, than they were before.

And although Sir Edward Wingfield arrived in Munster with 1000 men for Recruits, yet were the Irish so cajoll'd with Spanish Promises, and a little Gold, that many of them re∣laps'd into Rebellion, and particularly Donough and Finin, Sons of Sir Owen Mac Carty Reagh, receiv'd 300 l. of the A∣postolical Vicar Mac Egan, and upon the 10th of July joyned with the Rebels; but Captain Roger Harvy so manag'd them, that he left them never a Castle in Carbery, except Kilcoe and Cloghane.

But whatsoever the Spaniard design'd in favour of the Irish was superseded on the News of the loss of Dunboy, so that the Rebels were left to themselves, and 2000 Men more were sent out of England to Munster to prosecute them effectually; nevertheless they continued in hopes of Spanish assistance, and could not conceal their Joy on the approach of a Fleet of Ea∣sterlings, which they verily believed to be Spaniards.

The President had good Information upon Oath, that Cor∣mock mac Dermond, Lord of Muskry had received 800 Duc∣kets of the Spanish Money, and had engag'd to declare himself on the Spaniards landing, and to deliver them his strong Ca∣stle of Blarny; and therefore he gave Orders to apprehend Cormock, and to seize Blarny; the former was easily effected, but the latter could not be perform'd, until Cormock being in Prison, and finding his secret Combinations discovered, did consent to consign the Castle of Blarny to Captain Harvy, and Kilcrea to Captain Slingsby; nevertheless he continued in his treasonable Designs, and not only endeavoured his own escape, which at last he effected, but also sent his Servant John Hea∣ly, to bring his Son Cormock Oge from Oxford, that so there might be no Pledge of his remaining in the Custody of the English; but Healy was stop'd, and his Letters had been in∣tercepted, if he had not cunningly thrown them over∣board.

Sir Charles Wilmot lay before Macrome (or Mocrumpe) when on the the 29th of September, the Lord (or Chief) of Muskry made his escape, and thereupon the President sent him Orders to raise the Siege the next day; which he must have done, but that it so happened that the Castle took fire that very Night, and the Warders thought it their best course to sally out, which they did, and fifty of them were slain, and the rest escaped to the adjacent Woods, and so Wilmot 〈◊〉〈◊〉 a Gar∣rison in Macrome, and returned to Cork.

But whilst the President was preparing for a new War, which he expected would be the consequence of Cormock's e∣scape, Cormock (having consulted Tyrrel, and O Sullevan, and found their weakness and poverty, and well weighing his own circumstances) made humble Suit to the President for his Par∣don, and it was granted to him upon good reasons of State, so that he made his submission in a very penitent manner, on the 21st of October. And the next day Sir Samuel Bagnall surprized Tyrrell's Army in Muskry, and killed 80 upon the place, and took all their Baggage and Money, and above 1000 Cows, besides Horses and Sheep, whereupon Tyrrel suspecting this was done by contrivance of the Lord of Muskry, wrecked his Malice upon that Country and the Inhabitants thereof, and then retreated to his old lurking holes in Desmond.

In the mean time Carbery was quite wasted by the En∣glish Garrisons, and Cloghan Castle was taken by Captain Flower, and the Militia, or rising out of the Country to the number of 1600 was assembled under the Lord Barry, and (being joyn'd by 500 of the Army under Sir George Thornton) they rendezvouz'd at Dunkerran on the 27th of December, whilst the President went to Galloway to meet the Lord-De∣puty.

In the mean time Sir Charles Wilmot in Kerry had reduced the Knight of Kerry, and forced Thomas Oge, and Daniel O Sullevan to submission; but this latter afterwards, within a very few days, most perfidiously butcher'd a Serjant, and ten English Soldiers, who (not suspecting any prejudice from one that had submitted) were marching after Sir Charles Wilmot, towards Dunkeran; at which barbarity the old O Sullevan more was exceedingly troubled.

The English Forces being at Dunkerran, Tyrrel could not be perswaded to stay in the Province, although he had recei∣ved a great imprest of Spanish Money but a little before from O Sullevan Beare, and was promised fifteen hundred pound to stay but three Months longer; but leaving his Carriages, sick Men, and other incumbrances behind, he march'd so fast that he hardly look'd back till he came into

O Carrol's Country, (or the King's County) which is above threescore Miles from Slevelogher.

On the 31st of October, the English took a Prey of 2000 Sheep, and 1000 Garrons, from O Sullevan and the Irish, who fought very smartly for their Cattel, so that many were slain on either side; but this loss was too great to be born, and therefore it produced the submissions of Hugh mac Swiny, Owen Grany, and many others, and necessitated William Burk with his Bownaghts, to follow his Brother Tyrrel into O Ca∣rol's Country, and O Sullevan himself, and O Connor Kerry, were glad to accompany them thither; but these Fugitives did not pass so luckily and scotfree as Tyrrel did, for Teige Mac Owen Carty on the skirts of Muskny, and John Barry near Liscarrol, gave them severe rebukes, and the Sheriff of Typerary fell smartly upon their rear, whil'st the rest were passing the Shennin in their Nevoges, and even in the County of Galway Sir Thomas Burk and Captain Malby gave them disturbance, but their despair made them victorious in that encounter, and they bravely forced their way with the slaughter of Malby and many of his Soldiers, and got safely into O Bowrk's Country.

On the fifth of January, Captain Taffe had the good fortune to kill the valiant Apostolick Vicar, Owen mac Egan, and 140 of his followers, near the River of Bandon, which was follow∣ed by the submission of all the Rebels in Carbry, and it is ob∣served of this zealous Vicar, that he never pardon'd any Irish-man, (tho' a Papist) that serv'd the Queen, but would as soon as they came before him, have them confessed, absolv'd and executed.

These good Successes were followed by the defeat and ruine of the Lord of Lixnaw, whose party was totally routed by Captain Boys, and all his substance taken, and 80 of his Men killed, as also by the taking of the strong Castles of Kilcoe and Berengary; and so all Munster being reduc'd to obedience, the Lord President prepared for his Voyage to England, and left Sir Charles Wilmot, and Sir George Thornton, joynt Gover∣nors of that Province.

And thus ended this mighty Rebellion, which from a small beginning, grew to be the most general and dangerous defe∣ction that ever was in Ireland to that time, which could ne∣ver have happened, but for the gripple-handedness (as Cambden phrases it) and slighting of England; nor was this the first time that the Queen had been a Penny wise, and a Pound otherwise, in managing the Affairs of Ireland, and had paid dear for her frugality, as she did in this War, which might

have been prevented at first with the twentieth part of what it cost afterward; for the Charge of this one Year, from the first of April 1601, to the first of April 1602, amounted to no less than 322502 l. 1 s. 0d.

The Rebels in the course of this War, were exceedingly troubled, that some of the Papists continued Loyal to the Queen, and they bitterly exclaim'd against the Popish Priests of English extraction, that justified the Opinion they might lawfully do so, and to convince them of their error, the Re∣bels did not only procure a Bull from Pope Clement the Eighth, dated the 8th of April, 1600. giving such plenary remission of sins to those that fight against the Hereticks in Ireland, as to those that fight against the Turks; and his Holines's Letter of the 20th of January, 1601. directed to Tyrone, to animate him and his followers to persevere in their Rebellion, but also procured the Censures of the Universities of Salamanca and Valladolid, that it was mortal sin for a Papist to fight against Prince O Neal, the Champion of the Church, who militates for the Catholick Faith, and that they cannot be forgiven, till they desert the Hereticks Service, and Mr. Sullevan thinks he has nickt it, when he calls the contrary Opinion Insanam & vene nosam doctrinam.

It seems that the Earl of Twomond (remembring the severe Government of Fitton, President of Connaugh) whil'st he was in England, made his humble Suit to the Queen, that the County of Clare might be re-annexed to Munster, whereof it was formerly a part, whereupon the Queen the 29th of July, 1602. wrote to the Lord Deputy and Council on that Subject, and on the 4th of October, she wrote positively to renew the Earl's Commission to use Martial Law in that County, and to put him into all Commissions of Oyer and Terminor, Goal-delivery, &c. next to the President and Chief Justice, and to continue his Band of 200 Men, and his Entertainment of 10 s. a Day, and to reunite Twomond to Munster, unless they found great reason to the contrary; they debated the matter, and 'twas alledg'd for the reunion. 1. The Name Thomond, i. e. North Munster, which proves it was originally part of Mun∣ster, and so has continued 1300 Years. 2. It was inhabited by Munster-men, the O Bryans being setled on both sides the River Shenin; their Language and Pronunciation is the same, and since there is an Alliance between them, they ought not to be seperated. 3. Twomond was formerly part of the Coun∣ty of Lymerick, and the Inhabitants have been often tryed for Life and Estate by Judges and Commissioners at Lymerick, but of late, the County being too large, part of it was made a separate County, by name of the County of Clare, but ne∣vertheless

was subject to the Governours of Munster. 4. It was first united to Connaugh, at the importunity of Fit••on, be∣cause Roscomon, Sligo, and Mayo, were not amesnable to Law, this brought great inconveniency to Thomond, till it was re∣united▪ and Sir Nicholas Malby procured it again to be seperated, and so it continued till the Earl got the Martial Government of it, and his Company is of the List of Munster. 6. It is neces∣sary the President of Munster, who governs Lymerick, should have command on both sides the River Shenin, to prevent the design of foreign Enemies. 7. Part of Twomond is within the Liberties of Lymerick, and must not de dispunishable till reme∣dy can be had from Conaugh 8. Lymerick is the Sanctuary and Bulwark of Twomond, and the fittest place to keep it in or∣der, and therefore the Citizens have purchased good Estates in Twomond, and it would be very inconvenient to have them and their Estates under several Governments. 9. Twomond is in the Province of Cashel, the Arch-bishoprick of Munster; and these Reasons prevailing, the County of Clare was again made part of Munster.

But my Friends at Ballyvorny would never forgive me, if I should omit the Indulgence granted by Pope Clement the Eighth, to such as in devotion go unto Gobonet's-Church in Muskry in the County of Cork, which follows in these words:

UNiversis Christi fidelibus praesentes literas in∣specturis salutem & Apostolicam benedictio∣nem,* 2.181 ad augendum fidelium Religionem & anima∣rum salutem coelestibus ecclesiae thesauris pia cha∣ritate intenti, Omnibus utriusque sextus Christi fi∣delibus vere penitentibus & confessis ac sacra com∣munione reflectis qui ecclesiam parochialem Sanctae Gobonetae loci Ballyvorni Clunensi dioc' die Festo ejusdem Sanctae Goboneuae à primis vesperis usque ad Occasum solis praedicti festi singulis annis devo∣te visitaverint, & ibi pro Christianorum principum concordia, Heresum extirpatione ac Sanctae Matris ecclesiae exaltatione pias ad deum preces effuderint, decem annos & totidem quadragenas de injunctis eis seu alias quomodolibet debitis paenitentiis in forma ecclesiae consueta relaxamus, Praesentibus ad deci∣mum

duntaxat valituris, volumus autem quod si alias C••risti fidelibus dictam ecclesiam visitantibus aliam indulgentiam perpetuo, vel ad certum tempus nondum elapsum duraturam concesserimus presentes nullae sint. Dat. Rom. apud St. Marcum sub anulo piscatoris die 12 Julii 1601. & Pontificat. nostri Anno decimo.

And so I conclude this First Part of the History of Ireland, with the Death of the most renowned and victorious Queen Elizabeth, which happened at Richmond on the 24th day of March, 1602. in the Seventieth Year of her Age, and the Five and fortieth Year of her happy Reign.

Notes

• * 1.1

  1558.
• * 1.2

  Lib. C.
• * 1.3

  1559.
• * 1.4

  Lib. C.
• * 1.5

  Lib. H.
• * 1.6

  Bramhal, 438.
• * 1.7

  Ware, de Prae∣sulibus, 27.
• * 1.8

  Ibid. 128. & 59.
• * 1.9

  Ibid. 148.
• * 1.10

  Ibid. 188.
• * 1.11

  1559.
• * 1.12

  Cambd. 121.
• * 1.13

  1560.
• * 1.14

  1560.
• * 1.15

  Lib. C.
• * 1.16

  1561.
• * 1.17

  Lib. ••.
• * 1.18

  1562.
• * 1.19

  1563.
• * 1.20

  Cambden, 121
• * 1.21

  1564.
• * 1.22

  Burlace, 126.
• * 1.23

  Holingsh. 114.
• * 1.24

  Lib. P.
• * 1.25

  1565.
• * 1.26

  Hooker, 111.
• * 1.27

  Hooker, 111.
• * 1.28

  Hooker, 114.
• * 1.29

  Sullevan, 87.
• * 1.30

  Lib. M.
• * 1.31

  1566.
• * 1.32

  Hooker, 114.
• * 1.33

  Davis, 63.
• * 1.34

  1566.
• * 1.35

  Sullevan, 84.
• * 1.36

  Irish Stat. 234.
• * 1.37

  1566.
• * 1.38

  Hooker, 116.
• * 1.39

  Contra Cam.
• * 1.40

  Eliz. 105.
• * 1.41

  Irish Stat. 235
• * 1.42

  Cambd. 121.
• * 1.43

  1567.
• * 1.44

  Hooker, 113.
• * 1.45

  Cambd. Eliz. 106.
• * 1.46

  1567.
• * 1.47

  Hooker, 118.
• * 1.48

  Lib. L.
• * 1.49

  Lib. H.
• * 1.50

  Ware, de presul. 172.
• * 1.51

  Cambden, 121.
• * 1.52

  1568.
• * 1.53

  Lib. F. Lam∣beth.
• * 1.54

  1568.
• * 1.55

  Hooker, 120.
• * 1.56

  Hooker, 121.
• * 1.57

  Hooker, 130.
• * 1.58

  1569.
• * 1.59

  Cambd. Eliz. 138.
• * 1.60

  Lib. H.
• * 1.61

  Contra Barkers Chron. 343. and Cambd.
• * 1.62

  Eliz. 153.
• * 1.63

  1570.
• * 1.64

  Lib. H.
• * 1.65

  Lib. H.
• * 1.66

  Cambd. Eliz. 146.
• * 1.67

  1571.
• * 1.68

  Lib. L.
• * 1.69

  Hooker, 134.
• * 1.70

  1572.
• * 1.71

  Hooker, 135.
• * 1.72

  Hooker, 135.
• * 1.73

  Camb. E••iz. 502.
• * 1.74

  Cambd. Eliz. 201.
• * 1.75

  1573.
• * 1.76

  Lib. c.
• * 1.77

  Cambd. Eliz. 190.
• * 1.78

  Lib. H.
• * 1.79

  Cambd. Eliz. 202.
• * 1.80

  1574.
• * 1.81

  1575.
• * 1.82

  Lib. H.
• * 1.83

  〈…〉〈…〉.
• * 1.84

  Lib. F.
• * 1.85

  Hooker, 13••.
• * 1.86

  1576.
• * 1.87

  Hooker, 141.
• * 1.88

  Cambd. Eliz. 218.
• * 1.89

  ••
• * 1.90

  Hooker, 145.
• * 1.91

  Cambd. Eliz. 219.
• * 1.92

  Hooker, 147.
• * 1.93

  1577.
• * 1.94

  Morison 3.
• * 1.95

  1578.
• * 1.96

  Cambd. Eliz. 230.
• * 1.97

  Cambd. Eliz. 231.
• * 1.98

  Lib. S. S. S.
• * 1.99

  October, 1578.
• * 1.100

  Camb. Eliz. 236.
• * 1.101

  1579.
• * 1.102

  Sullevan, 95. Camb. Eliz. 237.
• * 1.103

  Lib. C.
• * 1.104

  Cambd. Eliz. 237.
• * 1.105

  1579.
• * 1.106

  Cambd. Eliz. 338.
• * 1.107

  Hooker, 162,
• * 1.108

  1579.
• * 1.109

  Cambd. Eliz. 239.
• * 1.110

  November 20. 1579.
• * 2.1

  December.
• * 2.2

  Ibid.
• * 2.3

  1579.
• * 2.4

  Hooker, 166.
• * 2.5

  1580.
• * 2.6

  Cambd. Eliz. 240.
• * 2.7

  Sullevan, 101. Walsh's Loyal Remonstrance.
• * 2.8

  Cambd. Eliz. 240.
• * 2.9

  August.
• * 2.10

  1580.
• * 2.11

  Camb. Eliz. 241.
• * 2.12

  August 25.
• * 2.13

  Cambd. Eliz. 242.
• * 2.14

  Cambd. Eliz. 242.
• * 2.15

  Camb. Eliz. 257.
• * 2.16

  Sullevan, 93
• * 2.17

  Hooker, 173.
• * 2.18

  1581.
• * 2.19

  Hooker, 175
• * 2.20

  Sullivan, 99
• * 2.21

  Hooker, 177.
• * 2.22

  Lib. H.
• * 2.23

  Spencer, 73.
• * 2.24

  1582.
• * 2.25

  Spencer's View, 76.
• * 2.26

  Sullevan 100.
• * 2.27

  4 January.
• * 2.28

  1583.
• * 2.29

  Cambd. Eliz. 290.
• * 2.30

  Sullivan 100.
• * 2.31

  Cambden says, The Eleventh.
• * 2.32

  Lib. C.
• * 2.33

  Septemb. 1583.
• * 2.34

  Sullevan, 108.
• * 2.35

  Lib. M.
• * 2.36

  1584.
• * 2.37

  Caballa of Letters, 336.
• * 2.38

  Lib. C.
• * 2.39

  1584.
• * 2.40

  Lib. C.
• * 2.41

  Lib. M.
• * 2.42

  Spencer 19.
• * 2.43

  Lib. L. 15th July, 1585.
• * 2.44

  Sept. 1585.
• * 2.45

  Morison. 8.
• * 2.46

  Cambden. 122.
• * 2.47

  15 Feb. 1585.
• * 2.48

  Lib. C.
• * 2.49

  Lib. C.
• * 2.50

  Lib. M. 166.
• * 2.51

  Lib. D D D.
• * 2.52

  Lib. ••.
• * 2.53

  1587.
• * 2.54

  Lib. M.
• * 2.55

  1588.
• * 2.56

  Lib. C.
• * 2.57

  Sullevan 121.
• * 2.58

  Ibid.
• * 2.59

  Sullevan 122.
• * 2.60

  Camd. Eliz. 447.
• * 2.61

  Sullevan 122.
• * 2.62

  Bacon's Essays.
• * 2.63

  Camd. Eliz. 447.
• * 2.64

  December, 1590.
• * 2.65

  1592.
• * 2.66

  1593.
• * 2.67

  Camb. Eliz. 478.
• * 2.68

  Lib. L. 1594.
• * 2.69

  11 August.
• * 2.70

  Lib. M. Lam∣beth.
• * 2.71

  Lib. B. 2. Lam∣beth. this wheedling Submission.
• * 2.72

  Camd. Eliz. 493.
• * 2.73

  August. 1594.
• * 2.74

  1595.
• * 2.75

  Camd. Eliz. 494.
• * 2.76

  June.
• * 2.77

  Camd. Eliz. 509.
• * 2.78

  Camd. Eliz. 508.
• * 2.79

  Camb. Eliz. 510.
• * 2.80

  9. November, 1595.
• * 2.81

  Camb. Eliz. 511.
• * 2.82

  Lib. M. Lam.
• * 2.83

  1596.
• * 2.84

  Morison 37.
• * 2.85

  25 May 1596.
• * 2.86

  Lib. M. Lam∣beth.
• * 2.87

  Lib. B. 2. Lam∣beth.
• * 2.88

  Camd. Eliz. 515.
• * 2.89

  1579.
• * 2.90

  Lib. B. 2. Lam∣beth.
• * 2.91

  1597▪
• * 2.92

  Ibid.
• * 2.93

  Camb. Eliz. 543.
• * 2.94

  ☜
• * 2.95

  Camd. Eliz. 565.
• * 2.96

  598.
• * 2.97

  Camd. Eliz. 566.
• * 2.98

  Camd. Eliz. 569.
• * 2.99

  Camd. Eliz. 570.
• * 2.100

  Camb. Eliz. 572.
• * 2.101

  Lib. C.
• * 2.102

  Lib. C.
• * 2.103

  1600.
• * 2.104

  Pacata Hiber∣nia, 24.
• * 2.105

  Sullevan 177.
• * 2.106

  Pacata Hib. 30.
• * 2.107

  1600.
• * 2.108

  Morison 78.
• * 2.109

  Mar. 82.
• * 2.110

  Cambd. Eliz. 583.
• * 2.111

  Pac. hib. 62.
• * 2.112

  Cambd. Eliz. 584.
• * 2.113

  Lib. D. D. D.
• * 2.114

  1601.
• * 2.115

  Pa••. Hib. 17••.
• * 2.116

  1601.
• * 2.117

  Camb. Eliz. 638.
• * 2.118

  Sept. 24.
• * 2.119

  24.
• * 2.120

  28.
• * 2.121

  29.
• * 2.122

  Octob. 3.
• * 2.123

  8.
• * 2.124

  10.
• * 2.125

  15.
• * 2.126

  16.
• * 2.127

  17.
• * 2.128

  19.
• * 2.129

  20.
• * 2.130

  21.
• * 2.131

  22.
• * 2.132

  25.
• * 2.133

  26.
• * 2.134

  29.
• * 2.135

  30.
• * 2.136

  31.
• * 2.137

  Nov. 1.
• * 2.138

  5.
• * 2.139

  7.
• * 2.140

  ••
• * 2.141

  Nov. 10.
• * 2.142

  11.
• * 2.143

  12.
• * 2.144

  14.
• * 2.145

  17.
• * 2.146

  18.
• * 2.147

  20.
• * 2.148

  21.
• * 2.149

  22.
• * 2.150

  23.
• * 2.151

  25 & 26
• * 2.152

  27.
• * 2.153

  28.
• * 2.154

  29.
• * 2.155

  30.
• * 2.156

  Decemb. 1.
• * 2.157

  2.
• * 2.158

  3.
• * 2.159

  4.
• * 2.160

  5.
• * 2.161

  6.
• * 2.162

  8.
• * 2.163

  9. 10. 11.
• * 2.164

  12.
• * 2.165

  13. 14.
• * 2.166

  15. 16.
• * 2.167

  17.
• * 2.168

  18. 19.
• * 2.169

  20.
• * 2.170

  21.
• * 2.171

  22.
• * 2.172

  23.
• * 2.173

  Lib. C.
• * 2.174

  1602.
• * 2.175

  Morison. 249.
• * 2.176

  Morison 251:
• * 2.177

  Morisin 271.
• * 2.178

  Cambd. Eliz. 658.
• * 2.179

  1601.
• * 2.180

  1602.
• * 2.181

  Lib. N. N. N. 77.